Unit 5 Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas(Word学生用书)-【学霸笔记·同步精讲】2026-2027学年高中英语选择性必修第一册(外研版)

2026-10-14
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教辅
高智传媒科技中心
进店逛逛

摘要:

该高中英语导学案围绕Charles Darwin的探索之旅展开,核心知识点为其进化论的形成背景及《物种起源》的影响。课堂导入通过提问“Who was Charles Darwin?”激发兴趣,以“课前导入—速读理清脉络—精读领悟细节—语篇填空应用”为学习支架,衔接背景认知、语篇结构梳理、细节理解到语言综合运用的学习脉络。 该资料特色在于融合语言能力与思维品质培养,精读Task 2要求创造性思考达尔文的品质,提升批判思维;语言点部分“写美”练习结合语境提升表达能力,分步骤设计(课前自测、核心突破)助力自主学习,符合新课标学习能力要求,习题兼顾基础与拓展,帮助学生构建知识网络。

内容正文:

Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas Part Ⅰ Reading comprehension 第一步 课前导入•激趣启思 Before reading the passage, answer the following question. Who was Charles Darwin?                                                 第二步 速读课文•理清脉络 Skim the passage and fill in the blanks. 第三步 精读课文•领悟细节 Task 1:Read the passage carefully and choose the best answers. 1.According to the text, which of the following is NOT correct?(  ) A.Charles Darwin was not the captain’s first choice. B.Charles Darwin’s father predicted he would be a disgrace to his family. C.He came back to England on the Beagle in 1831. D.The journey aroused his interest in how different species came to exist. 2.What was the common belief at that time?(  ) A.All species had appeared on Earth at different times. B.All species had not changed since they appeared. C.Some species of animals were the same. D.Animals adapted to the changing environment gradually. 3.What interested Charles Darwin most in 1835 on the island?(  ) A.Plants B.Dogs C.New species   D.Birds 4.What can we infer from the passage?(  ) A.Charles Darwin was not an excellent graduate from the medical school. B.Charles Darwin was well received by the captain. C.All his achievements began with the journey on the Beagle. D.Charles Darwin explained his theory immediately he came back. Task 2:Think creatively and critically and answer the questions.  What characteristics can we learn from Darwin? Which one of them do you think will be the most helpful in your life and study?                                                                                                                                                 第四步 课文融通•学以致用   根据课文内容,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。   The captain of the ship named the Beagle wanted someone to profit by 1.       (visit) distant countries.Luckily, Darwin got the opportunity, 2.       he was not the captain’s first choice.Darwin was a geologist and naturalist, 3.       (fascinate) by rocks, plants and animals.The journey gave him the chance 4.       (study) various living things in their natural environments.After Darwin 5.       (spend) some time in South America, his room was crowded with samples of the plants and animals he had collected.He began to consider the question 6.       different species came to exist.He noticed that some species of animals were very similar 7.       each other.Maybe animals evolved as they adapted to their 8.      (change) environments? Darwin decided to find out the truth.In 1835, Darwin saw a variety of new species, but it was the birds that interested him the most.After much research, he came to the 9.       (conclude) that new species evolved from earlier ancestors.Darwin explained this theory in his book, On the Origin of Species, which 10.       (regard) as one of the most important works ever written.It has changed ideas about life on Earth forever.And it all began with the journey on the Beagle. A Journey of Discovery   The captain of the ship, the Beagle, wanted someone [1]who would “profit by the opportunity of visiting distant countries yet little known”.[2]The person who answered the call① was not the captain’s first choice②.It was a young man who had left medical school without completing his degree.What’s more③, he had recently received a letter from his father [3]predicting that he would be “a disgrace to④ yourself and all your family”.Despite all this, his adventures on this ship would lead to one of the most important scientific discoveries of all time⑤.   The young man in question⑥, Charles Darwin, was a geologist and naturalist, [4]fascinated by rocks, plants and animals.He left England on the ship, the Beagle, in 1831.The journey gave him the chance [5]to study various living things in their natural environments.After Darwin had spent some time in South America, his room on the ship was crowded with samples⑦ of the plants and animals he had collected.[6]As he studied these, he asked himself the question: how did different species come to exist⑧?   At that time, people believed that all species had appeared on Earth at the same time⑨, and had not changed since.But Darwin began to think differently.He noticed that some species of animals were very similar to⑩ each other.Maybe animals evolved [7]as they adapted to⑪ their changing environments? It was just an idea, but enough to inspire Darwin to look for more evidence.   【释疑难】 [1]who引导定语从句,修饰先行词someone。   [3]predicting ...为动词-ing短语作状语。   [4]动词-ed短语作后置定语,修饰geologist and naturalist。   [5]动词不定式短语作后置定语,修饰名词chance。   [6][7]句中的as均引导时间状语从句,意为“当……的时候”。   【赏靓点】 [2]句设置了悬念,告诉读者这个后来改变世界的人最初甚至都不是第一人选,增加了故事的曲折性。   [8]When the Beagle reached the Galápagos Islands in 1835, Darwin saw a variety of new species⑫, but it was the birds that interested him the most.Darwin noticed that there was a difference between the finches on each of the islands.It seemed their beaks had evolved according to [9]what food was available on that particular island.   Darwin suspected that the finches had evolved from a common ancestor⑬, [10]which had arrived on the islands a long time before.Over time⑭, it had slowly evolved into many new species.And that was the answer to [11]how new species of plants and animals came to exist: they evolved from earlier ancestors.   It was a completely new idea — a theory of evolution.Darwin explained this theory in his book, On the Origin of Species.[12]It was not published until 1859 and immediately caused a storm⑮.Many people refused to believe that living things, including humans, had evolved from lower forms of life⑯.They were shocked.[13]But Darwin’s scientific studies were so convincing that more and more people started to believe his theory.   Today, On the Origin of Species is regarded as⑰ one of the most important works [14]ever written.It has changed ideas about life on Earth forever.And it all began with the journey on the Beagle.   【释疑难】 [9]what引导宾语从句,作介词to的宾语。   [10]which引导非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词ancestor。   [11]how引导宾语从句,作介词to的宾语。   [13]so ...that ...引导结果状语从句,意为“如此……以至于……”。     [14]动词-ed形式作后置定语,修饰名词works。   【赏靓点】 [8]句使用了强调句型,强调了interest的主语the birds。正是这些看似不起眼的鸟类,成为解开进化论谜题的关键钥匙。   [12]句使用了not ...until ...句型,强调了时间跨度之久(从19世纪30年代考察到1859年出版),暗示了达尔文对待科学的严谨态度以及该理论形成的不易。 Paras.1-3 1.语块翻译 ①         ②         ③         ④         ⑤         ⑥         ⑦         ⑧         ⑨         ⑩         ⑪         2.熟词生义/靓词 (1)call (Para.1) 熟义:n.电话;呼叫 文中义:n.号召;召唤 (2)disgrace (Para.1) 赏析:此处disgrace作名词,意为“丢脸的人/事”。父亲严厉的措辞与达尔文后来的伟大成就形成了极具张力的对比,突出了他逆袭的传奇色彩。 (3)crowded (Para.2) 赏析:crowded通常形容地方拥挤,这里用来形容房间里堆满了样本,侧面生动地描写了达尔文工作的勤奋和对科学研究的痴迷。 Paras.4-7 1.语块翻译 ⑫         ⑬         ⑭         ⑮         ⑯         ⑰         2.熟词生义/靓词 (1)storm (Para.6) 熟义:n.暴风雨 文中义:n.(群情迸发的)浪潮 (2)suspect (Para.5) 赏析:suspect相比于thought或believed,更准确地描绘了科学家在通过观察现象后,初步形成假设时的心理状态——这是一种基于证据的科学推测。 参考译文 发现之旅   贝格尔号的船长想要招募这样一名船员,这名船员将能“借此机会访问遥远而鲜为人知的国度并从中受益”。然而来应聘的人并不是船长心中的理想人选。这个年轻人从医学院肄业,并且在他刚收到的家书中,父亲预言他将会成为“自己和全家人的耻辱”。尽管如此,他的这次乘船探险之旅将带来有史以来最重要的一项科学发现。   我们提到的这个年轻人就是地质学家和博物学家查尔斯•达尔文,他对岩石和动植物有着浓厚的兴趣。1831年,他搭乘贝格尔号从英格兰启程。这趟旅程给了他研究自然环境中各种生物的契机。在南美洲度过一段时间后,他的船舱里堆满了收集到的动植物样本。当他研究这些样本时,他产生了疑问:这些不同的物种是如何产生的?   当时,人们认为所有的物种都是同时出现在地球上的,并从此再无变化。但达尔文开始有了不同的想法。他注意到,有些不同物种的动物彼此间很相似。也许动物为了适应不断变化的环境会逐渐进化?虽然这只是一个设想,但足够鼓舞达尔文去寻求更多证据。   1835年,当贝格尔号抵达加拉帕戈斯群岛的时候,达尔文发现了各种各样的新物种,但是其中最令他感兴趣的是鸟类。达尔文注意到,在群岛中的每一个小岛上,雀鸟之间有所不同。它们的喙似乎是根据所在岛屿上可觅得的食物进化而来的。   达尔文猜想,这里所有的雀鸟都由共同的祖先进化而来。很久以前,雀鸟的祖先来到这片群岛,随着时间推移,慢慢进化成许多新的种类。于是,关于动植物的新种类是如何产生的这个问题就有了答案:它们是从早期的祖先进化而来的。   这是一个全新的观点——进化论。达尔文在他的《物种起源》一书中对此进行了解释。这本书直到1859年才出版,出版后立即引起轰动。很多人拒绝相信包括人在内的所有生命都是从更低级的生命形式进化而来的。他们对此感到震惊。然而,达尔文的科学研究很有说服力,以至于越来越多的人开始接受他的理论。   如今,《物种起源》被认为是迄今为止最重要的著作之一。它彻底地改变了人类对于地球上生命的认识。而这一切都开始于贝格尔号的探索之旅。 Part Ⅱ Language points Ⅰ.阅读词汇 1.an Australian finch一只澳大利亚     2.the beak of a hawk  鹰的     3.evolve from a common ancestor由共同的    进化而来 Ⅱ.写作词汇 1.bring        on his family 让他的家人蒙羞 2.a        survey 抽样调查 3.       income 产生收益 Ⅲ.多义词汇 ①suspect her of having taken the money    钱是她偷的 ②two suspects 两个     ③a suspect statement       说法 Ⅳ.拓展词汇 1.       adj.遥远的→distance n.距离 2.       n.地质学家→geology n.地质学 3.       v.进化→       n.进化(论)→evolved adj.进化了的 4.       v.产生,创造→generation n.产生 【构词法】 形容词(去t)+-ce构成名词 ①absent→absence缺席 ②patient→patience  耐心 ③important→importance  重要性 ④intelligent→intelligence  智力 Ⅴ.短语互译 1.        追溯到 2.          导致;通向 3.          适应 4.          以……作为开始 5.          各种各样的,种类繁多的 6.answer the call            7.of all time            8.in question            9.be crowded with            10.come to exist           11.be a disgrace            Ⅵ.句型填空 1.句型公式:强调句 教材原句:               had left medical school without completing his degree. 这个年轻人从医学院肄业。 2.句型公式:动词-ing短语作后置定语 教材原句:What’s more, he had recently received a letter from his father                  “a disgrace to yourself and all your family”. 并且在他刚收到的家书中,父亲预言他将会成为“自己和全家人的耻辱”。 3.句型公式:as引导时间状语从句 教材原句:            , he asked himself the question: how did different species come to exist? 当他研究这些样本时,他产生了疑问:这些不同的物种是如何产生的? 4.句型公式:not ...until ...句型 教材原句:               1859 and immediately caused a storm. 这本书直到1859年才出版,出版后立即引起轰动。 5.句型公式:so ...that ...句型 教材原句:But Darwin’s scientific studies were            more and more people started to believe his theory. 然而,达尔文的科学研究很有说服力,以至于越来越多的人开始接受他的理论。 写作词汇集释 1.profit n.收益 vt.获益 vi.有益;获利→profitable adj.有利润的;有益的 教材原句 The captain of the ship, the Beagle, wanted someone who would “profit by the opportunity of visiting distant countries yet little known”. 贝格尔号的船长想要招募这样一名船员,这名船员将能“借此机会访问遥远而鲜为人知的国度并从中受益”。 【用法】  (1)profit from/by ...从……中获利/受益 profit sb  使某人获益 (2)make a profit  赚取利润 for profit  为了赢利 a rise/an increase in profits  收益的上升/增长 a drop/fall in profits  收益的跌落/下降 (3)a profitable class  有收获的一堂课 【佳句】 To make more profits, you should focus on improving the quality of your products, as this will attract more customers. 要赚取更多利润,你应该专注于提高你们产品的质量,因为这会吸引更多客户。(建议信) 【练透】 单句语法填空 ①Many farmers have profited       the new agricultural technology. ②Many organizations in our community are established to help the disabled, not        profit or personal fame. ③This is a         (profit) investment opportunity that you shouldn’t miss. 【写美】 完成句子 ④The team cheered loudly when they knew about             , their faces flushed with excitement. 团队得知利润上升后大声欢呼,兴奋得满脸通红。(表情描写) 2.distant adj.遥远的;远处的;远亲的;冷淡的,疏远的;心不在焉的,恍惚的→distance n.距离;远方 v.拉开距离;与……疏远 教材原句 The captain of the ship, the Beagle, wanted someone who would “profit by the opportunity of visiting distant countries yet little known”. 贝格尔号的船长想要招募这样一名船员,这名船员将能“借此机会访问遥远而鲜为人知的国度并从中受益”。 【用法】 (1)be distant from远离……;与……疏远 a distant relative  远房亲戚 (2)in the distance  在远处 at a distance (of)在……远的地方;距离稍远 keep sb at a distance对某人冷淡;与某人保持一定距离 keep one’s distance from 与……保持距离 【佳句】 He listened to the story with a distant expression. 他带着一种心不在焉的表情听着故事。 【练透】 单句语法填空 ①Small and distant        the cities though my hometown is,there is always something different to catch your eye. ②We parked the car        a distance of about 500 meters from the stadium. 【写美】 完成句子 ③We should            people who have a bad influence on us.(distance n.) 我们应该与那些对我们有不良影响的人保持距离。(建议信) 3.in question 讨论中的;考虑中的;有疑问;不确定 教材原句 The young man in question, Charles Darwin, was a geologist and naturalist, fascinated by rocks, plants and animals. 我们提到的这个年轻人就是地质学家和博物学家查尔斯•达尔文,他对岩石和动植物有着浓厚的兴趣。 【用法】 put a question to sb 向某人提出一个问题 beyond question  不容置疑 without question  毫无疑问 out of question  毫无疑问,没有问题 out of the question  不可能;不允许;不值得讨论 【佳句】 The athlete clenched his fists, his face full of confidence, and thought that breaking the record was out of question. 这位运动员握紧拳头,满脸自信,认为打破纪录没有问题。(动作描写) 【练透】 根据汉语提示填入合适的短语 Our class planned an outdoor picnic.But the weather on the planned day was ①         (不确定).Our monitor ②              (向我们提出一个问题):“Should we cancel the picnic if it would rain?” Everyone had been looking forward to it.③             (毫无疑问), we didn’t want to give up easily.After a short talk, we decided to move the picnic indoors. 4.adapt to 适应/适合…… 教材原句 Maybe animals evolved as they adapted to their changing environments? 也许动物为了适应不断变化的环境会逐渐进化? 【用法】 (1)adapt oneself to使自己适应…… (2)adapt ...from ...  根据……改编…… adapt ...for ...  把……改写/改编成…… (3)adaptation n.  适应;改编;改写本 【佳句】 We must adapt to the ever-changing circumstances of life. 我们必须适应不断变化的生活环境。 【练透】 单句语法填空 ①The camel’s ability to store water is an        (adapt) to the desert. ②To live a healthier life, you should adapt yourself to       (exercise) regularly. 【写美】 完成句子 ③This movie            a best-selling novel.这部电影改编自一部畅销小说。 5.particular adj.特别的;详细的;独特的;挑剔的 n.详情,细节→particularly adv.尤其;特别;格外地,特别地,特定地 教材原句 It seemed their beaks had evolved according to what food was available on that particular island.它们的喙似乎是根据所在岛屿上可觅得的食物进化而来的。 【用法】 in particular尤其,特别 be particular about/over sth  对……讲究/挑剔 【佳句】 This book is particularly engaging, capturing the readers’ attention from the first page. =In particular, this book is engaging, capturing the readers’ attention from the first page. 这本书特别引人入胜,从第一页起就吸引了读者的注意力。(书评) 【练透】 单句语法填空 ①All the books are interesting, but this one       particular caught my attention. ②It was a cold winter night,        (particular) cold in the mountains. 【写美】 完成句子 ③As we all know, people who                 their diets tend to have a healthier lifestyle. 众所周知,那些对饮食十分讲究的人往往拥有更加健康的生活方式。(发言稿) 阅读词汇清障 Ⅰ.一词多义 快速阅读下列句子并选出句中加黑词汇对应的意思 distant A.adj.遥远的,远处的  B.adj.不友好的,冷淡的 C.adj.心不在焉的,恍惚的 ①His distant manner made it difficult for others to approach him.     ②He seemed distant and unfocused, as if his mind was somewhere else.     ③The sound of the distant church bells echoed in the air.     Ⅱ.熟词生义 根据语境写出加黑词的词性和含义 1.The police have arrested a suspect in connection with the robbery.       2.At the food festival, you can sample various delicious snacks from different regions.       重点句型解构 ◇句型公式: as引导时间状语从句 教材原句 As he studied these, he asked himself the question: how did different species come to exist?当他研究这些样本时,他产生了疑问:这些不同的物种是如何产生的? 【用法】 as作连词时,有以下用法: (1)意为“当……时候;一边……一边……;随着”时,引导时间状语从句。 (2)意为“按照……的方式(方法);如同……”时,引导方式状语从句。 (3)意为“因为;既然”时,引导原因状语从句。 (4)意为“尽管”时,引导让步状语从句。 (5)引导比较状语从句时,常用于as ...as ...结构,意为“像……一样……”,其中第一个as是副词,第二个as是连词。 【点津】 (1)当as引导让步状语从句时,从句使用部分倒装,即将形容词、副词、名词、动词等放于as前面;单数可数名词提前时应该省略冠词; (2)with意为“随着”时是介词,后接名词或代词等构成with短语或with复合结构。 【写美】 微写作 ①按照老师教你的方式思考,你就能解决这个问题。(建议信)                   , and you’ll solve the problem. ②尽管他现在很成功,但他从未忘记在他困难时期帮助过他的人。(演讲稿)          , he never forgets the people who helped him during his hard times. ③随着我们长大,我们逐渐明白幸福不在于物质财富,而在于简单的快乐。            , we come to understand that happiness lies not in material possessions but in simple joys. 完成课后作业 UNIT 5 Section Ⅰ 答案 Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas Part Ⅰ Reading comprehension 【整体理解•学语篇】 第一步 Charles Darwin was a famous British scientist who studied nature and living things. 第二步 ①medical ②disgrace ③1831 ④samples ⑤evolved ⑥evolution ⑦1859 ⑧important 第三步 Task 1:1-4 CBDA Task 2: Brave, hard-working, devoted, patient, strict, innovative/creative, curious, imaginative, diligent, intelligent, talented, brilliant, honest, confident, modest and so on.In my opinion, hard-working spirit is the most helpful in my study, because it will not only give me continuous energy and confidence to study but also make up for my lack of wisdom. 第四步 1.visiting 2.although/though 3.fascinated 4.to study 5.had spent 6.how 7.to 8.changing 9.conclusion 10.is regarded 【篇章赏读•习语言】 积语块 ①响应号召 ②第一选择 ③此外,更重要的是 ④……的耻辱 ⑤有史以来;一直 ⑥讨论中的;考虑中的 ⑦堆满了样本 ⑧出现;产生 ⑨同时 ⑩与……相似 ⑪ 适应…… ⑫ 各种各样的新物种 ⑬ 从同一个祖先进化而来 ⑭ 随着时间的推移 ⑮ 引起轰动 ⑯ 低等生命形式 ⑰ 被认为是…… Part Ⅱ Language points 【课前自测•夯语基】 Ⅰ.1.雀鸟 2.喙 3.祖先 Ⅱ.1.disgrace 2.sample 3.generate Ⅲ.①怀疑 ②嫌疑人 ③不可靠的 Ⅳ.1.distant 2.geologist 3.evolve; evolution 4.generate Ⅴ.1.date from/back to 2.lead to 3.adapt to 4.begin with 5.a variety of 6.响应号召 7.有史以来,自古以来 8.讨论(议论)中的 9.堆满,挤满 10.产生 11.是耻辱,是丢脸的事 Ⅵ.1.It was a young man who 2.predicting that he would be 3.As he studied these 4.It was not published until 5.so convincing that 【核心知识•巧突破】 写作词汇集释 1.①from/by ②for ③profitable ④a rise in profits 2.①from ②at ③keep our distance from 3.①in question ②put a question to us ③Without question 4.①adaptation ②exercising ③is adapted from 5.①in ②particularly ③are particular about/over 阅读词汇清障 Ⅰ.①B ②C ③A Ⅱ.1.n.嫌疑人 2.v.品尝 重点句型解构 ①Think as your teacher teaches you ②Successful as he is now ③As we grow older 11 / 11 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $

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Unit 5 Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas(Word学生用书)-【学霸笔记·同步精讲】2026-2027学年高中英语选择性必修第一册(外研版)
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Unit 5 Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas(Word学生用书)-【学霸笔记·同步精讲】2026-2027学年高中英语选择性必修第一册(外研版)
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Unit 5 Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas(Word学生用书)-【学霸笔记·同步精讲】2026-2027学年高中英语选择性必修第一册(外研版)
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