专题09 非谓语动词（培优讲义）（全国通用）2026年中考英语一轮复习高效培优系列

该初中英语讲义聚焦中考非谓语动词核心考点，系统覆盖动词不定式、动名词及分词三大模块，通过“考点深解-命题突破-重难攻坚-练测提能”架构梳理知识内在联系。教案设计考点梳理、方法指导、真题训练等环节，助力学生突破不定式与动名词作宾语等难点，体现复习教学的系统性和针对性。 亮点在于“典例+变式”对比分析与“顺口溜记忆”策略，如通过forget to do/doing辨析培养思维品质，用“完成实践值得忙”口诀提升学习能力。分层设置单项选择、语法填空等题型训练，配合真题实战，保障有限时间内复习效果最大化，助力学生提升语言能力，为教师把控复习节奏提供精准指导。

专题09 非谓语动词 目 录 目标导图 考点深解 考点1 动词不定式 考点2 动名词 快点3 分词 命题突破 突破1 语法选择/单项选择中的非谓语动词考查 突破2 完形填空中的非谓语动词考查 突破3 语法填空中的非谓语动词考查 重难攻坚 攻坚1 动词不定式作宾语和动名词作宾语 攻坚2 动词不定式作宾补和动名词作宾补 攻坚3 过去分词作宾补 练测提能 非谓语动词是动词的非谓语形式，在句子中不能单独作谓语。 包括动词不定式(to do)、动名词(doing)和分词(-ing,-ed)三种形式；其中分词又包含现在分词和过去分词两种形式。形式：动词不定式基本形式由“to do”构成。它的否定形式“not to do”。有时可以省略to，这里的to 是不定式符号，本身无词义。help sb.(to) do sth. make sb. do sth. ◇考点 1 动词不定式 1.不定式作主语 动词不定式作主语时，常用it作形式主语，而将真正的主语放在句末 其结构为：It+be+adj.（+ for/ of sb.）+动词不定式 如：To learn English well is useful.→ It is useful to learn English well. It’s important for us to protect the environment. 注意：在kind，good，nice，clever等表示人的品质的形容词后，不用for而用of。如： It's very kind of you to help me. 你帮助我真是太好啦。 It's very clever of you to do like that. 你那样做真是太聪明啦。 2.不定式作宾语。 1)及物动词+不定式一般形式： 谓语动词(vt.)+不定式(作宾语) [说 明] want(想) / try(试图) / decide(决定) / would like(想要) / hope(希望) / love(喜爱) / learn(学会) / afford(提供) / agree(同意) / fail(失败、未能) / mean(意味着) / prefer(宁愿) / wish(希望) + to (do) (无) help(帮助) to可以省略 begin(开始)/ start(开始)/hate(憎恨) 也可跟动名词,意义变化不大 forget(忘记) / remember(记得)/ like(总爱) 也可跟动名词,意义变化较大 [比较] He forgot to turn off the light.(他忘了关灯.) (没关) forget to do忘记要做某事 He forgot turning off the light.(他忘记关过灯.)(关了) forget doing 忘记做过某事 Please remember to ring me up.(记得给我打电话.)(还没打电话) I remember calling you yesterday but you forgot.(我记得昨天给你打电话了,但是你忘记了.)(打过电话) 2)在find, think后跟不定式作宾语时，常用it代替，而将真正的宾语放在后面。 如：I found to learn to ride a bike not very easy .=I found it not very easy to learn to ride a bike.(我发现学骑车不很容易) 3) 常见的一些不带to的动词不定式 Why not do...=Why don't you do..., had better（not）do..., would rather do,could/would/will you please（not）do... I would rather stay in the room.我宁愿待在房间里。 3.不定式作宾语补足语。 谓 语 动 词(vt.) + 宾语 (人 / 物) +不定式 (作宾语补足语) ask(请) / tell(关照) / teach(教) / want(想要) / would like(想要) / get(让) / help(帮) / invite(邀请) / like(喜欢) / warn(警告) +sb. / sth. +to (do) make(使得) / let(让) / hear(听) / see(看) / feel(感觉) / watch(观看)/ have(使得) / help(帮助) +sb. / sth. + (do) 如：Mum asked me to help her with the cooking.(妈妈叫我帮助她做饭) I would like you to see my parents.(我想要你见见我的父母) The boss often made the workers work 14 hours a day.(老板常让工人们一天工作14小时) Now let me hear you play the violin.(现在让我来听你拉小提琴) [注意] help之后做宾补的不定式符号to可以省略；hear / see / feel / watch之后的宾补用不定式与现在分词时,含义不同,需特别注意,(参见现在分词部分)。试比较： I heard her crying when I walked past.(我路过时听到她正在哭)(指当时瞬间的情况) I sat near her and heard her sing the new song.(我坐在她附近听她唱新歌)(指整个过程) 注意：还有一些使役动词和感官动词也用不定式作宾补，这时不定式要省略to。这些动词有： 一感（feel）、二听（hear, listen to）、三让（let, make, have）、四看（look at, see, watch, notice）。 但变被动语态时，必须加上to。如： My friends were made to work the whole night by the boss. 老板让我的朋友们工作了一整夜。 4.不定式作定语 不定式作定语时，应放在名词之后。它与名词有逻辑上的动宾关系。如果是不及物动词，且与所修饰的词之间有动宾关系，要在不定式后加上适当的介词。 There is nothing to worry about. 没有什么可担心的。 [A] 记住下面的一些结构： 被修饰部分 + 不定式(作后置定语) 汉 语 意 思 a key to lock the door 锁门的钥匙 a box to hold these things 装这些东西的箱子 give her a book to read 给她一本书读 Is there any (+名词/代词) to (do)? 有…要(做的)吗? It’s time to go. 是走的时间了。/ 该走了。 Do you have any work to do? 你有工作要做吗? I’d like something to eat. 我要点儿吃的。 I have nothing to say. 我没有话要说。 Would you like something to drink? 你要点儿喝的吗？ 5.不定式作状语 [A] 放在不及物动词(come, go, stop, finish, wait等词)的后面。 如：He came to see her yesterday.(他昨天来看望她)(表示来的目的) I stopped to have a rest.(我停下来休息一会儿)(表示停下来的目的) [B]放在完整的谓语之后(即“谓语+宾语”、“谓语+宾语+补语”、“动词+表语”之后)。 如：We cleaned the room to let him play in it.(我们打扫了房间以便让他在里面玩) I opened the window to see more clearly.(我打开窗子以便看得更清楚点儿) [C]有时表示目的的不定式短语可以放在句首。 如：To arrive there on time,I got up one hour earlier than usual.(为了按时到达,我们比平时早起了一个小时)(表示早起的目的) [注意] stop to do 与stop doing的不同。 如：They stopped to have a look.(他们停下来看看)(不定式作“停下来”的目的状语) They stopped looking out of the window and began to listen to the teacher.(他们停止向窗外望,开始听老师讲课)(动名词作宾语,表示“停止”的内容) 不定式常和疑问词what, which, when, where, how连用，相当于一个宾语从句。如： The teacher is telling the students what to do. 老师正告诉学生们做什么。 He didn't know where to go. 他不知道去哪里。 易｜错｜提｜醒 1.不定式作宾语 (1)一些谓语动词后只能用不定式作宾语，常见的这类词是表示命令、打算或希望的，如：would like，like，want，wish，hope，decide，plan，expect等。如： Would you like to see a film this evening?你今晚想去看一场电影吗? (2)在find，think后面接不定式作宾语时，常用it代替，而将真正的宾语放在句末。如： I find it easy to read English every day.我发现每天读英语很容易。 (3)常见的一些不带to的动词不定式： why not do…，had better(not) do…，would rather do，could/would/will you please (not) do… I would rather stay at home.我宁愿待在家里。 2.不定式作宾语补足语 不定式作宾语补足语时与宾语有逻辑上的主谓关系。如： Lucy asked him to turn down the radio.露西让他将收音机的音量调低。 tell，ask，want，allow，get，would like，encourage后面常接动词不定式作宾语补足语。如： My mother encourages me to learn Japanese.我母亲鼓励我学日语。 注意：还有一些使役动词和感官动词也用不定式作宾补，这时不定式要省略to。这些动词有：一感(feel)、一帮(help)、二听(hear，listen to)、三让(let，make，have)、四看(look at，see，watch，notice)。但变被动语态时，必须加上to。如： The boss made them work the whole night.老板让他们工作了一整夜。 3.不定式作定语 (1)不定式作定语时，应放在名词之后。它与名词有逻辑上的动宾关系。 (2)如果是不及物动词，且与所修饰的词之间有动宾关系，要在不定式后加上适当的介词。如： There is nothing to worry about.没有什么可担心的。 6.特殊结构的不定式 结构 例句 too…to结构 She was too surprised to see how angry her father was. not+不定式 The teacher told the students not to play soccer on the road. 疑问词+不定式 作主语 How to solve the problem is very important. 作宾语 He didn’t know what to say. 作表语 The question is where to find the water. for+名词（代词的宾格）+不定式 It is necessary for us to learn from each other. of+名词（代词的宾格）+不定式 It is very kind of you to help me with my English. 易｜错｜提｜醒 1.动词不定式作主语 动词不定式作主语时，常用it作形式主语，而将真正的主语放在句末，其结构为：It+be+adj.+(for/of sb.)+动词不定式。如： To learn English well is useful. →It is useful to learn English well. It’s important for us to protect the environment. 注意：在kind，good，nice，clever等表示人的品质的形容词后，不用for而用of。 It’s very kind of you to help me.你帮助我真是太好啦。 It’s very clever of you to do like that.你那样做真是太聪明啦。 2.不定式常和疑问词what，which，when，where，how连用，相当于一个宾语从句。如： The teacher is telling the students what to do.老师正告诉学生要做什么。 He didn’t know where to go.他不知道去哪里。(where to go=where he should go) ◇考点 2 动名词 1.概述 动名词由动词原形加词尾“ing”构成。 动名词有动词的特征,可以跟宾语,可以被状语修饰；它也有名词的特征,在句子中可以作主语、宾语(包括介词宾语)等。 功能 例句 说明 主语 Eating too much is bad for your health. 谓语动词用单数形式。 动词宾语 介词宾语 I like playing basketball very much.我非常喜欢打篮球。 Stamps are used for sending letters.邮票是被用来寄信的。 表示一般的习惯或抽象行为或经常性的动作。 表语 His hobby is collecting stamps. =Collecting stamps is his hobby. 多数情况下，动名词作表语可转化成作主语。 定语 She is in the reading room.她在阅览室。 We should improve our teaching methods. 只表明它所修饰的词的用途、所属关系等。置于所修饰词之前。 2.动名词作宾语 如：Your car needs reparing badly.(你的车急需修理。)(被修) My hair needs cutting.(我要理发。)(头发被理) 2）remember / forget / stop / finish之后用动名词时,与用不定式含义不同。 如：I forgot to write a letter to him.(我忘了给他写封信)(根本没写) I forgot writing a letter to him.(我忘了给他写过信)(写了却忘了) They stopped to look back.(他们停下来向后看)(停下的目的是向后看) They stopped looking back.(他们停止向后看)(不向后看了) 注意：英语中有一些词后面常跟动名词作宾语。我们初中阶段常见的有：finish, mind, be worth, be busy, practice, have fun, have trouble/problem（in）, spend...（in）, feel like, be used to（习惯于）, give up, keep on, consider, suggest, can't help。我们可按下面的顺口溜记忆这些词。 完成实践值得忙（finish, practice, be worth, be busy） 继续习惯别放弃（keep on, be used to, give up） 考虑建议不禁想（consider, suggest, can't help, feel like） 喜欢思念要介意（enjoy, miss, mind） 易｜错｜提｜醒 动名词与现在分词区别 动名词主要表示事情,而现在分词则主要表示进行着的动作。如： Eating too much is not good for your health. (动名词短语,作主语) Seeing is believing.(动名词短语,分别作主语和表语) He ran after a moving bus and got onto it.(现在分词,作定语) His father saw him sitting on some eggs.(现在分词,作宾补) ◇考点 3 分词 1.概述 包含现在分词（-ing）和过去分词(-ed)。 主要区别：现在分词一般有主动或表示动作正在进行的意思；过去分词有被动或动作已经完 成的意思。分词可以有自己的宾语或状语。 2.分词或分词短语在句子中作定语、状语和复合宾语等 1）作定语：分词作定语时,一般要放在修饰的名词之前,分词短语作定语时,则要放在所修饰的名词之后。 如：I have got a running nose.(我流鼻涕) The woman running after the thief shouted very loudly.(跟着小偷追的妇女大喊！) Yesterday I met a man called Mr. Black.(昨天我遇见了一个名叫布莱克先生的人) He only gave me a broken glass,so I was very angry with him.(他只给了我一个坏玻璃杯,所以我很生他的气) 2）现在分词可以作下列动词的宾语补足语。(参考不定式作宾语补足语) 谓语动词(vt.) 宾语 宾语补足语 keep(保持) / see(看到) / hear(听到) / watch(注意到) / feel(感觉到) sb./sth. (do)ing 如：Mum kept me working all the week.(妈妈让我一个星期都在工作) When I entered the room,I saw Jack eating a big pear.(我进入房间时看到杰克正在吃一只大梨子) In the dark I felt something very cold moving on my foot.(黑暗之中我感到有个冷的东西在我的脚上移动) 3）现在分词可以作状语,表示伴随情况。 如：She came into the classroom,holding a pile of papers in her hand.(他走进教室,手上抓着一沓纸) I am very busy these days getting ready for the coming oral test.(这些日子我正忙着准备即将来到的口语考试) 1．—It is convenient ________ us ________ things online. —So it is. A．for; to buy B．of; to buy C．for; buy D．of; bought 2．It is wasteful ________ paper and metal. A．to throw away B．throwing away C．throw away D．thrown away 3．He missed the last bus, so he had no choice but _________ back home. A．walked B．walk C．walking D．to walk 4．On a bus, I offered my seat to an old lady but she refused ________ it. A．taking B．take C．to take D．took 5．His hobby is ________ stamps. A．collect B．collects C．to collect D．collected 6．His dream is _________ other young people who stutter. A．to help B．help C．helps D．helped 7．I’m very busy. I have an important meeting ________. A．attend B．to attend C．attending D．to attending 8．I think finding a good study partner is a useful way ________ English grammar. A．learn B．learning C．learned D．to learn 9．—Were you required ________ home during the outbreak of the serious epidemic? —Yes, luckily, the internet made it possible for many of us ________ from home. A．to stay; to work B．staying; to work C．to stay; work D．staying; work 10．Han Yang was made ________ at least 3 hours a day by his mother. A．study B．studying C．studied D．to study 11．My mother often reminds me ________ enough water every day. A．to drink B．drinking C．drink D．drank 12．Over and over the policeman warned the man driver ________ after drinking. A．never to drive B．not driving C．not drive D．don’t drive 13．In an exam, we should do everything we can ________ mistakes so that we can get better grades. A．to avoid to make B．avoid making C．avoid make D．to avoid making 14．— Hi! Alice, why are you in such a hurry? —________ my best friend from Canada at the airport. A．Meet B．To meet C．Meeting D．Met 15．My mother was very happy ________ me when I won the game. A．see B．seeing C．to see D．saw 16．I’m afraid ________ in the river. A．swim B．swam C．swimming D．to swim 17．He is too old ________the box. A．to carry B．carrying C．carry D．carries 18．I think he is __________ apples with us. Let him have a try. A．old enough picking B．enough old to pick C．old enough to pick D．enough old picking 19．_________ English every morning is a good way to improve your language skills. A．Speak B．To speak C．Speaking D．Being spoken 20．My dad insists on _________ early to exercise every morning no matter how cold it is. A．get up B．geting up C．getting up D．to get up 21．—What club do you want to join? —I want to join the ________ club. A．swim B．to swim C．swimming D．swam 22．________ the other kinds of museums, the science museums are usually a bit noisy. A．Compare with B．Compared with C．To compare with D．Comparing with 23．—Look, your room is in a mess, Jason. It needs a clean-up. —You are right. I’ll get my room ________ right now. A．cleaned B．cleaning C．cleans D．to clean 24．—How will you deal with our old bike, dear? —Well, I will have it ________ and then we don’t need to buy a new one. A．repair B．repaired C．repairing D．to repair 25．During Spring Festival, people in China often visit relatives and friends, ________ presents to each other. A．give B．giving C．to give D．gave ◇突破 1 单项填空中的非谓语动词考查 典例1—How is your son’s English, Mr. Liu? —I think something must be done ________. A．to cheer him up B．to cheer up him C．cheer him up D．cheer up him 变式1While we were running on the playground, Jim suddenly stopped ________ and lay on the ground, so we all stopped _________ what was wrong with him. A．to run; to see B．to run; seeing C．running; to see D．running; seeing ◇突破 2 语法选择中的非谓语动词考查 I have learned many things from my mother. I learned where to go for comfort the moment I 1 born. I learned not to run into the road, not to touch the stove (炉子), not to run 2 scissors in my hand. I learned that “please” and “thank you” are the most important words in the language, to respect 3 elders, to look a person in the eye when I speak. I learned, at her suggestion, that when I 4 tell her the things that troubled me, I could write them to her. I learned that even though I sometimes hated her when I was a kid, she always loved me. I learned that she didn’t always have the right answer, but she always had the right intention (意图). And I regret 5 back to her at that time. Now I have grown up, and I hate me arguing with her when I 6 to do something I like. My mother is sixty-seven now. Recently she has been ill seriously and is receiving treatments (治疗). And this is what I’m still learning from her: You can’t always choose what experiences you’ll face in life, but you can choose 7 face them. That faith (信念) is 8 than fear, that the love of family and friends is powerful, that each day is a gift and that the clever daughter never stops 9 from her mother. And this is what the Jewish Proverb said: God could not be everywhere 10 he made mothers. 1．A．is B．was C．are D．were 2．A．in B．for C．with D．at 3．A．I B．me C．my D．mine 4．A．can’t B．couldn’t C．shouldn’t D．mustn’t 5．A．talk B．to talk C．talking D．talked 6．A．am allowed B．allow C．allowed D．wasn’t allowed 7．A．how you will B．how will you C．where you will D．where will you 8．A．strong B．stronger C．weak D．weaker 9．A．learning B．to learn C．learn D．learned 10．A．though B．yet C．so D．or ◇突破 3 语法填空中的非谓语动词考查 In the final of the men’s 100m freestyle at the 2024 Paris Olympics, Chinese athlete Pan Zhanle achieved an amazing time of 46.40 seconds, breaking the world record and 1 (success) winning the gold medal. This is the 2 (nine) gold medal for the Chinese delegation (代表团) at this Olympics. It’s also the first time that a Chinese athlete has won an Olympic champion (冠军) in the men’s 100m freestyle event. Foreign reporters 3 (give) high praise (赞扬) to Pan Zhanle since he won the first place. He has become the 4 (fast) man in the world now and the most shining Asian star in the 5 (swim) pool. After the competition, Pan Zhanle was very proud of 6 (he). He 7 (say) that this gold medal was of great importance to the country 8 it was the first time that a Chinese had created history in this event. Facing the disregard (漠视) of foreign athletes, he responded (回应) with the result of breaking the world record to answer everything. He has made great contributions 9 the swimming cause in China. His great achievement will encourage more and more Chinese kids 10 (learn) swimming in the future. ◇难点 1 动词不定式作宾语和动名词作宾语 典例1—Does this man look familiar (熟悉的) to you, Madam? —Ah, yes! I remember ________ him in the neighborhood yesterday afternoon. A．see B．saw C．seeing D．to see 变式1 —Jack, remember ________ your umbrella with you and don’t forget ________ it home. —OK, Mum. A．taking; bringing B．take; bring C．to bring; to take D．to take; to bring ◇难点 2 动词不定式作宾语和动名词作宾补 典例2 After seeing the thief ________ the door, the girl called 110 at once. A．to close B．closing C．closed D．close 变式2 —Listen! Can you hear someone ________ in the next room? —It must be Lily. I hear her ________ every afternoon. A．sing; sing B．sing; singing C．singing; sing D．singing; singing ◇难点 3 过去分词作宾补 典例3— Tom, why are you in such a hurry? — Oh, my bike is broken. I’m going to have it ________. A．repairing B．repaired C．to repair D．repairs 变式3—Recently I can’t see things clearly. How I regret ________ mobile games long! —I think you should get your eyes ________ first. A．playing; checked B．playing; to check C．to play; checked D．to play; checking 一、单项选择 1．（2025·海南·中考真题）________ the speech interesting, our head teacher prepared a short video. A．To make B．Make C．Making 2．（2025·西藏·中考真题）Our teacher advises us ________ ourselves in the sunshine. A．enjoy B．to enjoy C．enjoyed D．enjoying 3．（2025·江苏宿迁·中考真题）Kitty will go to the English Corner ______ her English this Saturday afternoon. A．to practise B．practising C．practised D．practise 4．（2025·吉林长春·中考真题）________ eyes healthy, we students should spend less time on screens. A．To keep B．Keep C．Kept D．Keeping 5．（2025·福建·中考真题）We will attend the tea festival in our town ________ more about tea culture. A．learning B．to learn C．learned 6．（2025·黑龙江·中考真题）________ communication easier and faster, engineers in that company have designed a kind of smart watches. A．Make B．Making C．To make 7．（2025·黑龙江·中考真题）—How do you improve your English listening skills? —I spend about twenty minutes ________ English videos every day. A．watch B．to watch C．watching 8．（2025·黑龙江绥化·中考真题）Our English teacher is humorous and he often tells funny jokes to make us ________. A．to laugh B．laugh C．laughed 9．（2025·天津·中考真题）The government is developing new plans ________ ancient buildings. A．protect B．to protect C．protects D．protected 10．（2025·江苏扬州·中考真题）We should build on past achievements and work together ________ a better world. A．make B．making C．made D．to make 11．（2024·四川攀枝花·中考真题）We need more work ________ our sky clearer, water cleaner and air fresher. A．make B．to make C．makes D．made 12．（2024·江苏南京·中考真题）“ClimateGPT” is used ________ people with a good understanding of weather conditions. A．provides B．providing C．provided D．to provide 13．（2024·四川·中考真题）—What are you going to do this summer vacation? —I plan ________ my cousin in Hangzhou. A．visit B．visiting C．to visit D．visited 14．（2024·江苏徐州·中考真题）Finishing a meal in 20 to 30 minutes is widely considered as the ideal ________ time. A．sporting B．shopping C．dressing D．eating 15．（2024·西藏·中考真题）I think ________ resolutions at the beginning of a year is a good way to improve our lives. A．making B．make C．makes D．made 16．（2024·江苏宿迁·中考真题）By reading the public signs, he had no difficulty in _______ the shopping mall. A．find B．found C．to find D．finding 17．（2024·黑龙江·中考真题）Two ________ dollars is enough to buy the bike, but I can’t afford ________ it. A．hundreds, to buy B．hundreds, buy C．hundred, to buy 18．（2024·黑龙江绥化·中考真题）The tea ________ in China ________ to many different countries and places each year. A．is made; sent B．made; sent C．made; is sent 19．（2024·黑龙江绥化·中考真题）My little brother suggested ________ for a walk. A．to go B．going C．goes 20．（2024·四川遂宁·中考真题）—Daddy, the Middle Autumn Festival is coming. Could you please tell me ________ for grandparents? —You can buy some mooncakes, fruits and flowers for them. A．how to buy B．what to buy C．where to buy D．when to buy 二、语法选择（2024·广东·中考真题） The sun was shining on the blue water. Ben and Sue were building a sand castle with Dad on the beach. Suddenly, they heard 1 loud noise coming from behind some rocks. The two kids 2 climbed onto the rocks and 3 over. They were so surprised at 4 they saw. “Penguins (企鹅) ! I’ve never seen penguins on a beach!” shouted Ben. “Shhh! Be quiet 5 you’ll make them feel afraid.” Dad said in a low voice. “Those are African Penguins. This beach is 6 home.” At that moment, Dad noticed a seabird walking 7 the penguin eggs near the rocks. He quickly drove it away. “The seabird will eat the penguin eggs,” said Dad. “Come with me.” They walked along the beach 8 they came to a small house with a sign saying Penguin Care Centre. “This is where I work. These African Penguins are in danger now. But luckily there are still 9 of them left in the world. My job is to take care of them.” Dad said. “That’s great!” said Ben. “Yes. The number of the penguins was once much 10 , but it isn’t very big anymore. One reason is that the penguin eggs 11 by seabirds and other animals. 12 is that the fishermen in this area catch too many fish. Penguins 13 find enough food for their babies. So the government is taking action to stop people 14 for a whole season every year.” Dad explained. “Now we are trying our best 15 the penguin eggs. Do you want to help me?” Dad asked. “Yes!” Ben and Sue both replied 1．A．a B．an C．the D．/ 2．A．care B．caring C．careful D．carefully 3．A．look B．looking C．looked D．to look 4．A．what B．that C．how D．which 5．A．and B．or C．but D．so 6．A．they B．them C．their D．theirs 7．A．above B．off C．towards D．from 8．A．if B．when C．unless D．until 9．A．few B．a few C．little D．a little 10．A．big B．bigger C．biggest D．the biggest 11．A．eat B．ate C．are eating D．are eaten 12．A．Another B．Other C．Others D．The others 13．A．mustn’t B．needn’t C．can’t D．shouldn’t 14．A．fish B．fished C．to fish D．fishing 15．A．protect B．to protect C．protecting D．protected 1 / 3 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题09 非谓语动词 目 录 目标导图 考点深解 考点1 动词不定式 考点2 动名词 快点3 分词 命题突破 突破1 语法选择/单项选择中的非谓语动词考查 突破2 完形填空中的非谓语动词考查 突破3 语法填空中的非谓语动词考查 重难攻坚 攻坚1 动词不定式作宾语和动名词作宾语 攻坚2 动词不定式作宾补和动名词作宾补 攻坚3 过去分词作宾补 练测提能 非谓语动词是动词的非谓语形式，在句子中不能单独作谓语。 包括动词不定式(to do)、动名词(doing)和分词(-ing,-ed)三种形式；其中分词又包含现在分词和过去分词两种形式。形式：动词不定式基本形式由“to do”构成。它的否定形式“not to do”。有时可以省略to，这里的to 是不定式符号，本身无词义。help sb.(to) do sth. make sb. do sth. ◇考点 1 动词不定式 1.不定式作主语 动词不定式作主语时，常用it作形式主语，而将真正的主语放在句末 其结构为：It+be+adj.（+ for/ of sb.）+动词不定式 如：To learn English well is useful.→ It is useful to learn English well. It’s important for us to protect the environment. 注意：在kind，good，nice，clever等表示人的品质的形容词后，不用for而用of。如： It's very kind of you to help me. 你帮助我真是太好啦。 It's very clever of you to do like that. 你那样做真是太聪明啦。 2.不定式作宾语。 1)及物动词+不定式一般形式： 谓语动词(vt.)+不定式(作宾语) [说 明] want(想) / try(试图) / decide(决定) / would like(想要) / hope(希望) / love(喜爱) / learn(学会) / afford(提供) / agree(同意) / fail(失败、未能) / mean(意味着) / prefer(宁愿) / wish(希望) + to (do) (无) help(帮助) to可以省略 begin(开始)/ start(开始)/hate(憎恨) 也可跟动名词,意义变化不大 forget(忘记) / remember(记得)/ like(总爱) 也可跟动名词,意义变化较大 [比较] He forgot to turn off the light.(他忘了关灯.) (没关) forget to do忘记要做某事 He forgot turning off the light.(他忘记关过灯.)(关了) forget doing 忘记做过某事 Please remember to ring me up.(记得给我打电话.)(还没打电话) I remember calling you yesterday but you forgot.(我记得昨天给你打电话了,但是你忘记了.)(打过电话) 2)在find, think后跟不定式作宾语时，常用it代替，而将真正的宾语放在后面。 如：I found to learn to ride a bike not very easy .=I found it not very easy to learn to ride a bike.(我发现学骑车不很容易) 3) 常见的一些不带to的动词不定式 Why not do...=Why don't you do..., had better（not）do..., would rather do,could/would/will you please（not）do... I would rather stay in the room.我宁愿待在房间里。 3.不定式作宾语补足语。 谓 语 动 词(vt.) + 宾语 (人 / 物) +不定式 (作宾语补足语) ask(请) / tell(关照) / teach(教) / want(想要) / would like(想要) / get(让) / help(帮) / invite(邀请) / like(喜欢) / warn(警告) +sb. / sth. +to (do) make(使得) / let(让) / hear(听) / see(看) / feel(感觉) / watch(观看)/ have(使得) / help(帮助) +sb. / sth. + (do) 如：Mum asked me to help her with the cooking.(妈妈叫我帮助她做饭) I would like you to see my parents.(我想要你见见我的父母) The boss often made the workers work 14 hours a day.(老板常让工人们一天工作14小时) Now let me hear you play the violin.(现在让我来听你拉小提琴) [注意] help之后做宾补的不定式符号to可以省略；hear / see / feel / watch之后的宾补用不定式与现在分词时,含义不同,需特别注意,(参见现在分词部分)。试比较： I heard her crying when I walked past.(我路过时听到她正在哭)(指当时瞬间的情况) I sat near her and heard her sing the new song.(我坐在她附近听她唱新歌)(指整个过程) 注意：还有一些使役动词和感官动词也用不定式作宾补，这时不定式要省略to。这些动词有： 一感（feel）、二听（hear, listen to）、三让（let, make, have）、四看（look at, see, watch, notice）。 但变被动语态时，必须加上to。如： My friends were made to work the whole night by the boss. 老板让我的朋友们工作了一整夜。 4.不定式作定语 不定式作定语时，应放在名词之后。它与名词有逻辑上的动宾关系。如果是不及物动词，且与所修饰的词之间有动宾关系，要在不定式后加上适当的介词。 There is nothing to worry about. 没有什么可担心的。 [A] 记住下面的一些结构： 被修饰部分 + 不定式(作后置定语) 汉 语 意 思 a key to lock the door 锁门的钥匙 a box to hold these things 装这些东西的箱子 give her a book to read 给她一本书读 Is there any (+名词/代词) to (do)? 有…要(做的)吗? It’s time to go. 是走的时间了。/ 该走了。 Do you have any work to do? 你有工作要做吗? I’d like something to eat. 我要点儿吃的。 I have nothing to say. 我没有话要说。 Would you like something to drink? 你要点儿喝的吗？ 5.不定式作状语 [A] 放在不及物动词(come, go, stop, finish, wait等词)的后面。 如：He came to see her yesterday.(他昨天来看望她)(表示来的目的) I stopped to have a rest.(我停下来休息一会儿)(表示停下来的目的) [B]放在完整的谓语之后(即“谓语+宾语”、“谓语+宾语+补语”、“动词+表语”之后)。 如：We cleaned the room to let him play in it.(我们打扫了房间以便让他在里面玩) I opened the window to see more clearly.(我打开窗子以便看得更清楚点儿) [C]有时表示目的的不定式短语可以放在句首。 如：To arrive there on time,I got up one hour earlier than usual.(为了按时到达,我们比平时早起了一个小时)(表示早起的目的) [注意] stop to do 与stop doing的不同。 如：They stopped to have a look.(他们停下来看看)(不定式作“停下来”的目的状语) They stopped looking out of the window and began to listen to the teacher.(他们停止向窗外望,开始听老师讲课)(动名词作宾语,表示“停止”的内容) 不定式常和疑问词what, which, when, where, how连用，相当于一个宾语从句。如： The teacher is telling the students what to do. 老师正告诉学生们做什么。 He didn't know where to go. 他不知道去哪里。 易｜错｜提｜醒 1.不定式作宾语 (1)一些谓语动词后只能用不定式作宾语，常见的这类词是表示命令、打算或希望的，如：would like，like，want，wish，hope，decide，plan，expect等。如： Would you like to see a film this evening?你今晚想去看一场电影吗? (2)在find，think后面接不定式作宾语时，常用it代替，而将真正的宾语放在句末。如： I find it easy to read English every day.我发现每天读英语很容易。 (3)常见的一些不带to的动词不定式： why not do…，had better(not) do…，would rather do，could/would/will you please (not) do… I would rather stay at home.我宁愿待在家里。 2.不定式作宾语补足语 不定式作宾语补足语时与宾语有逻辑上的主谓关系。如： Lucy asked him to turn down the radio.露西让他将收音机的音量调低。 tell，ask，want，allow，get，would like，encourage后面常接动词不定式作宾语补足语。如： My mother encourages me to learn Japanese.我母亲鼓励我学日语。 注意：还有一些使役动词和感官动词也用不定式作宾补，这时不定式要省略to。这些动词有：一感(feel)、一帮(help)、二听(hear，listen to)、三让(let，make，have)、四看(look at，see，watch，notice)。但变被动语态时，必须加上to。如： The boss made them work the whole night.老板让他们工作了一整夜。 3.不定式作定语 (1)不定式作定语时，应放在名词之后。它与名词有逻辑上的动宾关系。 (2)如果是不及物动词，且与所修饰的词之间有动宾关系，要在不定式后加上适当的介词。如： There is nothing to worry about.没有什么可担心的。 6.特殊结构的不定式 结构 例句 too…to结构 She was too surprised to see how angry her father was. not+不定式 The teacher told the students not to play soccer on the road. 疑问词+不定式 作主语 How to solve the problem is very important. 作宾语 He didn’t know what to say. 作表语 The question is where to find the water. for+名词（代词的宾格）+不定式 It is necessary for us to learn from each other. of+名词（代词的宾格）+不定式 It is very kind of you to help me with my English. 易｜错｜提｜醒 1.动词不定式作主语 动词不定式作主语时，常用it作形式主语，而将真正的主语放在句末，其结构为：It+be+adj.+(for/of sb.)+动词不定式。如： To learn English well is useful. →It is useful to learn English well. It’s important for us to protect the environment. 注意：在kind，good，nice，clever等表示人的品质的形容词后，不用for而用of。 It’s very kind of you to help me.你帮助我真是太好啦。 It’s very clever of you to do like that.你那样做真是太聪明啦。 2.不定式常和疑问词what，which，when，where，how连用，相当于一个宾语从句。如： The teacher is telling the students what to do.老师正告诉学生要做什么。 He didn’t know where to go.他不知道去哪里。(where to go=where he should go) ◇考点 2 动名词 1.概述 动名词由动词原形加词尾“ing”构成。 动名词有动词的特征,可以跟宾语,可以被状语修饰；它也有名词的特征,在句子中可以作主语、宾语(包括介词宾语)等。 功能 例句 说明 主语 Eating too much is bad for your health. 谓语动词用单数形式。 动词宾语 介词宾语 I like playing basketball very much.我非常喜欢打篮球。 Stamps are used for sending letters.邮票是被用来寄信的。 表示一般的习惯或抽象行为或经常性的动作。 表语 His hobby is collecting stamps. =Collecting stamps is his hobby. 多数情况下，动名词作表语可转化成作主语。 定语 She is in the reading room.她在阅览室。 We should improve our teaching methods. 只表明它所修饰的词的用途、所属关系等。置于所修饰词之前。 2.动名词作宾语 1）want / need之后用动名词时,含有被动意思。 如：Your car needs reparing badly.(你的车急需修理。)(被修) My hair needs cutting.(我要理发。)(头发被理) 2）remember / forget / stop / finish之后用动名词时,与用不定式含义不同。 如：I forgot to write a letter to him.(我忘了给他写封信)(根本没写) I forgot writing a letter to him.(我忘了给他写过信)(写了却忘了) They stopped to look back.(他们停下来向后看)(停下的目的是向后看) They stopped looking back.(他们停止向后看)(不向后看了) 注意：英语中有一些词后面常跟动名词作宾语。我们初中阶段常见的有：finish, mind, be worth, be busy, practice, have fun, have trouble/problem（in）, spend...（in）, feel like, be used to（习惯于）, give up, keep on, consider, suggest, can't help。我们可按下面的顺口溜记忆这些词。 完成实践值得忙（finish, practice, be worth, be busy） 继续习惯别放弃（keep on, be used to, give up） 考虑建议不禁想（consider, suggest, can't help, feel like） 喜欢思念要介意（enjoy, miss, mind） 易｜错｜提｜醒 动名词与现在分词区别 动名词主要表示事情,而现在分词则主要表示进行着的动作。如： Eating too much is not good for your health. (动名词短语,作主语) Seeing is believing.(动名词短语,分别作主语和表语) He ran after a moving bus and got onto it.(现在分词,作定语) His father saw him sitting on some eggs.(现在分词,作宾补) ◇考点 3 分词 1.概述 包含现在分词（-ing）和过去分词(-ed)。 主要区别：现在分词一般有主动或表示动作正在进行的意思；过去分词有被动或动作已经完 成的意思。分词可以有自己的宾语或状语。 2.分词或分词短语在句子中作定语、状语和复合宾语等 1）作定语：分词作定语时,一般要放在修饰的名词之前,分词短语作定语时,则要放在所修饰的名词之后。 如：I have got a running nose.(我流鼻涕) The woman running after the thief shouted very loudly.(跟着小偷追的妇女大喊！) Yesterday I met a man called Mr. Black.(昨天我遇见了一个名叫布莱克先生的人) He only gave me a broken glass,so I was very angry with him.(他只给了我一个坏玻璃杯,所以我很生他的气) 2）现在分词可以作下列动词的宾语补足语。(参考不定式作宾语补足语) 谓语动词(vt.) 宾语 宾语补足语 keep(保持) / see(看到) / hear(听到) / watch(注意到) / feel(感觉到) sb./sth. (do)ing 如：Mum kept me working all the week.(妈妈让我一个星期都在工作) When I entered the room,I saw Jack eating a big pear.(我进入房间时看到杰克正在吃一只大梨子) In the dark I felt something very cold moving on my foot.(黑暗之中我感到有个冷的东西在我的脚上移动) 3）现在分词可以作状语,表示伴随情况。 如：She came into the classroom,holding a pile of papers in her hand.(他走进教室,手上抓着一沓纸) I am very busy these days getting ready for the coming oral test.(这些日子我正忙着准备即将来到的口语考试) 1．—It is convenient ________ us ________ things online. —So it is. A．for; to buy B．of; to buy C．for; buy D．of; bought 【答案】A 【解析】句意：——对我们来说在网上买东西很方便。——确实如此。 考查介词和it固定句型。 for对于；of属于。根据“It is convenient ... us ... things online.”可知，此处考查句型“It is + 形容词 + for sb. to do sth.”，意为“对某人来说做某事是……”，“It is + 形容词 + of sb. to do sth.”，意为“某人做某事是……”，此处指网上买东西这件事是方便的，所以第一空填for，第二空填to buy。故选A。 2．It is wasteful ________ paper and metal. A．to throw away B．throwing away C．throw away D．thrown away 【答案】A 【解析】句意：扔掉纸和金属是浪费的。 考查动词不定式作主语的用法。根据“It is wasteful...”可知，此句表达做某事是浪费的，其中“it”是形式主语，真正的主语通常使用动词不定式to do来充当。本句中，“扔掉纸和金属”这个动作是真正的主语。故选A。 3．He missed the last bus, so he had no choice but _________ back home. A．walked B．walk C．walking D．to walk 【答案】D 【解析】句意：他错过了末班车，所以别无选择，只能步行回家。 考查固定搭配。have no choice but to do sth.为固定短语，意为“别无选择只能做某事”，因此空格处应填to walk。故选D。 4．On a bus, I offered my seat to an old lady but she refused ________ it. A．taking B．take C．to take D．took 【答案】C 【解析】句意：在公共汽车上，我主动给一位老妇人让座，但她拒绝接受它。 考查非谓语。taking现在分词；take动词原形；to take不定式；took过去式。根据“she refused...it”可知refuse后接动词不定式，即refuse to do sth.，意为“拒绝做某事”。故选C。 5．His hobby is ________ stamps. A．collect B．collects C．to collect D．collected 【答案】C 【解析】句意：他的爱好是集邮。 考查非谓语。此句中“is”后面的部分作表语，动名词和动词不定式都可作表语。这里用“to collect”表示具体的、一次性的或将来的动作，也可以用动名词“collecting”，但选项中只有“to collect”，故选C。 6．His dream is _________ other young people who stutter. A．to help B．help C．helps D．helped 【答案】A 【解析】句意：他的梦想是帮助其他口吃的年轻人。 考查非谓语动词。根据“His dream is”可知，设空处需要用不定式作表语。故选A。 7．I’m very busy. I have an important meeting ________. A．attend B．to attend C．attending D．to attending 【答案】B 【解析】句意：我很忙。我有一个重要的会议要参加。 考查非谓语动词。根据“I’m very busy. I have an important meeting ...”可知是有会议要参加，不定式to attend修饰名词meeting，表示“要参加的”会议。故选B。 8．I think finding a good study partner is a useful way ________ English grammar. A．learn B．learning C．learned D．to learn 【答案】D 【解析】句意：我认为找到一个好的学习伙伴是学习英语语法的一个有用方法。 考查非谓语动词。learn学习，动词原形；learning学习，现在分词/动名词；learned学习，过去式/过去分词；to learn学习；动词不定式。根据“I think finding a good study partner is a useful way...English grammar.”可知，a way to do sth“做某事的方法”，因此此处用动词不定式。故选D。 9．—Were you required ________ home during the outbreak of the serious epidemic? —Yes, luckily, the internet made it possible for many of us ________ from home. A．to stay; to work B．staying; to work C．to stay; work D．staying; work 【答案】A 【解析】句意：——在严重疫情爆发期间，你被要求待在家里吗？——是的，幸运的是，互联网使我们许多人能够在家工作。 考查非谓语动词。be required to do sth.“被要求做某事”，是固定搭配；make it possible for sb. to do sth.“使某人做某事成为可能”，是固定搭配。故选A。 10．Han Yang was made ________ at least 3 hours a day by his mother. A．study B．studying C．studied D．to study 【答案】D 【解析】句意：韩阳的妈妈要求他每天至少学习3个小时。   考查非谓语动词的用法。在英语中，当make用作使役动词，表示“使某人做某事”时，其结构为“make sb. do sth.”，但在被动语态中，原本省略的to要还原回来，即“sb. be made to do sth.”。本句中，Han Yang是主语，was made是被动语态的结构，表示“被要求”，后面应接不定式to study，表示“被要求学习”。故选D。 11．My mother often reminds me ________ enough water every day. A．to drink B．drinking C．drink D．drank 【答案】A 【解析】句意：我妈妈经常提醒我每天喝足够的水。 考查非谓语动词辨析。根据“My mother often reminds me...enough water every day.”可知，此处表示提醒我“喝水”，remind sb to do sth是固定搭配，意为“提醒某人做某事，因此使用”to drink。故选A。 12．Over and over the policeman warned the man driver ________ after drinking. A．never to drive B．not driving C．not drive D．don’t drive 【答案】A 【解析】句意：警察一遍又一遍地警告那个男司机不要酒后驾车。 考查非谓语动词。warn sb. to do sth. 警告某人做某事，warn sb. not to do sth. 警告某人不要做某事，根据“the policeman warned the man driver...after drinking”可知，此处是警告那个男司机不要酒后驾车，应用never to drive。故选A。 13．In an exam, we should do everything we can ________ mistakes so that we can get better grades. A．to avoid to make B．avoid making C．avoid make D．to avoid making 【答案】D 【解析】句意：在考试中，我们应该尽我们所能去避免犯错，以便取得更好的成绩。 考查非谓语动词。do everything we can to do sth.是固定句型，意为“尽我们所能去做某事”，因此第一空用不定式to avoid；avoid doing sth.是固定搭配，意为“避免做某事”，因此第二空用动名词making。故选D。 14．— Hi! Alice, why are you in such a hurry? —________ my best friend from Canada at the airport. A．Meet B．To meet C．Meeting D．Met 【答案】B 【解析】句意：——嗨！爱丽丝，你为什么这么匆忙？——要去机场见我来自加拿大的最好的朋友。 考查动词不定式作目的状语。根据题干中“why are you in such a hurry”可知，此处回答的是匆忙的原因，用动词不定式“to meet”表示目的。故选B。 15．My mother was very happy ________ me when I won the game. A．see B．seeing C．to see D．saw 【答案】C 【解析】句意：当我赢得比赛时，我的妈妈看到我非常高兴。 考查非谓语动词。see看见（动词原形）；seeing看见（现在分词）；to see看见（动词不定式）；saw看见（过去式）。“be happy to do sth.”表示“很高兴做某事”，所以用“to see”，此处表示“看到我时很高兴”，用动词不定式to see作原因状语。故选C。 16．I’m afraid ________ in the river. A．swim B．swam C．swimming D．to swim 【答案】D 【解析】句意：我害怕在河里游泳。 考查非谓语动词。固定短语be afraid to do sth“害怕做某事”，故选D。 17．He is too old ________the box. A．to carry B．carrying C．carry D．carries 【答案】A 【解析】句意：他年龄太大了而不能搬动箱子。 考查不定式。to carry动词不定式；carrying动名词；carry搬动，动词原形；carries动词三单形式。too...to...表示“太……而不能”。故选A。 18．I think he is __________ apples with us. Let him have a try. A．old enough picking B．enough old to pick C．old enough to pick D．enough old picking 【答案】C 【解析】句意：我认为他年龄足够大，可以和我们一起摘苹果了。让他试试吧。 考查固定短语。“be + 形容词 + enough to do sth.”表示“足够……去做某事”，enough修饰形容词时要后置，所以是“old enough”；“to do sth.”是不定式作结果状语，说明足够大的结果是可以去摘苹果，所以用“to pick”。故选C。 19．_________ English every morning is a good way to improve your language skills. A．Speak B．To speak C．Speaking D．Being spoken 【答案】C 【解析】句意：每天早上说英语是提高语言技能的好方法。 考查非谓语动词。句中“is”是谓语动词，空格处需作主语，根据“every morning”可知，此处强调“习惯性、经常性的动作”，动名词Speaking符合语境。故选C。 20．My dad insists on _________ early to exercise every morning no matter how cold it is. A．get up B．geting up C．getting up D．to get up 【答案】C 【解析】句意：无论天气多冷，我爸爸坚持每天早起锻炼。 考查动词短语insist on的用法。get up起床，动词原形；geting up，错误形式；getting up起床，动名词形式；to get up起床，动词不定式。根据“insists on”可知，此处是固定短语insist on doing sth，意为“坚持做某事”，介词on后需接动名词形式。动词get的现在分词形式是getting。故选C。 21．—What club do you want to join? —I want to join the ________ club. A．swim B．to swim C．swimming D．swam 【答案】C 【解析】句意：——你想加入什么俱乐部？——我想加入游泳俱乐部。 考查非谓语动词。根据句式结构可知，该空应用动名词“swimming”，在句中做定语修饰名词“club”。故选C。 22．________ the other kinds of museums, the science museums are usually a bit noisy. A．Compare with B．Compared with C．To compare with D．Comparing with 【答案】B 【解析】句意：与其他类型的博物馆相比，科学博物馆通常有点吵。 考查非谓语动词。Compare动词原形；Compared过去分词；To compare动词不定式；Comparing现在分词。根据“...the other kinds of museums, the science museums are usually a bit noisy.”可知，此处是在描述科学博物馆与其他博物馆相比的情况，且“the science museums”与“compare”之间是被动关系，即“科学博物馆被与其他博物馆比较”，所以应该用过去分词表示被动，作状语。故选B。 23．—Look, your room is in a mess, Jason. It needs a clean-up. —You are right. I’ll get my room ________ right now. A．cleaned B．cleaning C．cleans D．to clean 【答案】A 【解析】句意：——看，Jason，你的房间很乱，需要打扫。——你说得对。我马上打扫我的房间。 考查非谓语动词。根据“I’ll get my room ... right now.”可知，“get + 宾语 + 过去分词”表示“使某事被做”，过去分词做宾语补足语。故选A。 24．—How will you deal with our old bike, dear? —Well, I will have it ________ and then we don’t need to buy a new one. A．repair B．repaired C．repairing D．to repair 【答案】B 【解析】句意：——你会怎么处理我们的旧自行车？——嗯，我会请人修理它，这样我们就不需要买新的了。 考查使役动词have的用法。repair是动词原形；repaired是过去分词；repairing是现在分词；to repair是不定式。“have sth. done”表示“使某物被……”，过去分词作宾语补足语，体现宾语与动作的被动关系。此处“it（旧自行车）”和“repair”是被动关系，需用过去分词“repaired”，故选B。 25．During Spring Festival, people in China often visit relatives and friends, ________ presents to each other. A．give B．giving C．to give D．gave 【答案】B 【解析】句意：春节期间，中国人经常走亲访友，互相赠送礼物。 考查非谓语动词。句中已有谓语动词“visit”，不能再用谓语形式，此处需用动词的非谓语形式。此处用现在分词“giving”作伴随状语，说明“走亲访友”的同时伴随“互相送礼物”的动作。“give”是动词原形，不能作伴随状语；“to give”表目的，不符合语境；“gave”是过去式，不是非谓语形式。 故选B。 ◇突破 1 单项填空中的非谓语动词考查 典例1—How is your son’s English, Mr. Liu? —I think something must be done ________. A．to cheer him up B．to cheer up him C．cheer him up D．cheer up him 【答案】A 【解析】句意：——刘先生，你儿子的英语怎么样？——我认为必须做点什么来让他振作起来。 考查动词短语以及非谓语动词。短语“cheer up”是动副短语，若宾语是代词，必须放在短语中间；“something must be done”是句子的核心部分，表示“必须做某事”，后面需要接一个目的状语来说明做这件事的目的，应用不定式结构，A项符合。故选A。 变式1While we were running on the playground, Jim suddenly stopped ________ and lay on the ground, so we all stopped _________ what was wrong with him. A．to run; to see B．to run; seeing C．running; to see D．running; seeing 【答案】C 【解析】句意：当我们在操场上跑步的时候，吉姆突然停下来，躺在了地上，所以我们都停下来去看看他怎么了。 考查非谓语动词。stop to do sth.表示“停下来去做另一件事”；stop doing sth.表示“停止正在做的事”。根据“Jim suddenly stopped...and lay on the ground”可知，吉姆停止了正在做的“跑步”这件事，然后躺在了地上，因此用stop doing sth.；根据“so we all stopped...what was wrong with him”可知，我们也都停下跑步，去看看他怎么了，是停下来去做另一件事，因此用stop to do sth.。故选C。 ◇突破 2 语法选择中的非谓语动词考查 I have learned many things from my mother. I learned where to go for comfort the moment I 1 born. I learned not to run into the road, not to touch the stove (炉子), not to run 2 scissors in my hand. I learned that “please” and “thank you” are the most important words in the language, to respect 3 elders, to look a person in the eye when I speak. I learned, at her suggestion, that when I 4 tell her the things that troubled me, I could write them to her. I learned that even though I sometimes hated her when I was a kid, she always loved me. I learned that she didn’t always have the right answer, but she always had the right intention (意图). And I regret 5 back to her at that time. Now I have grown up, and I hate me arguing with her when I 6 to do something I like. My mother is sixty-seven now. Recently she has been ill seriously and is receiving treatments (治疗). And this is what I’m still learning from her: You can’t always choose what experiences you’ll face in life, but you can choose 7 face them. That faith (信念) is 8 than fear, that the love of family and friends is powerful, that each day is a gift and that the clever daughter never stops 9 from her mother. And this is what the Jewish Proverb said: God could not be everywhere 10 he made mothers. 1．A．is B．was C．are D．were 2．A．in B．for C．with D．at 3．A．I B．me C．my D．mine 4．A．can’t B．couldn’t C．shouldn’t D．mustn’t 5．A．talk B．to talk C．talking D．talked 6．A．am allowed B．allow C．allowed D．wasn’t allowed 7．A．how you will B．how will you C．where you will D．where will you 8．A．strong B．stronger C．weak D．weaker 9．A．learning B．to learn C．learn D．learned 10．A．though B．yet C．so D．or 【答案】 1．B 2．C 3．C 4．B 5．C 6．D 7．A 8．B 9．A 10．C 【解析】本文讲述了作者从母亲那里学到了许多人生道理，如今母亲年迈患病，作者仍从她身上汲取力量，领悟到信念比恐惧更强大，亲情友情无比珍贵，每一天都是馈赠，以及聪明的女儿永远不会停止向母亲学习。 1．句意：我一出生就学会了去哪里寻求安慰。 is是（be动词的第三人称单数，一般现在时）；was是（be动词的第三人称单数，一般过去时）；are是（be动词的复数，一般现在时）；were是（be动词的复数，一般过去时）。根据“the moment I...born”可知，此处指出生时，应用一般过去时，主语为I，be动词用was。故选B。 2．句意：我学会了不要跑到马路上，不要碰炉子，手里不要拿着剪刀跑。 in在里面；for为了；with和；at在。根据“run...scissors in my hand”可知，此处指手里拿着剪刀跑，应用介词with。故选C。 3．句意：我学会了“请”和“谢谢”是语言中最重要的词，要尊重我的长辈，说话时要看着对方的眼睛。 I我（主格）；me我（宾格）；my我的（形容词性物主代词）；mine我的（名词性物主代词）。根据“respect...elders”可知，此处指我的长辈，应用形容词性物主代词my修饰名词elders。故选C。 4．句意：在她的建议下，我学会了当我不能告诉她困扰我的事情时，我可以把它们写下来给她。 can’t不能（现在时）；couldn’t不能（过去时）；shouldn’t不应该；mustn’t禁止。根据“when I...tell her the things that troubled me”可知，此处指不能告诉她时，根据“learned”可知，此处应用一般过去时，应用couldn’t。故选B。 5．句意：我后悔当时跟她顶嘴。 talk说话（动词原形）；to talk说话（动词不定式）；talking说话（动名词）；talked说话（动词过去式）。根据“regret...back to her”可知，此处指后悔顶嘴，regret doing sth.表示“后悔做了某事”，应用talking。故选C。 6．句意：现在我已经长大了，我讨厌自己不被允许做自己喜欢的事情时跟她争吵。 am allowed被允许（一般现在时的被动语态）；allow允许（动词原形）；allowed允许（动词过去式）；wasn’t allowed不被允许（一般过去时的被动语态）。根据“I hate me arguing with her when I...to do something I like”可知，此处指不被允许做自己喜欢的事情时，应用被动语态，此处描述过去的事情，应用一般过去时的被动语态。故选D。 7．句意：这就是我还在从她身上学到的：你无法总是选择生活中会面对什么经历，但你可以选择如何面对它们。 how you will你将如何（陈述语序）；how will you你将如何（疑问语序）；where you will你将去哪里（陈述语序）；where will you你将去哪里（疑问语序）。根据“but you can choose...face them”可知，此处指如何面对，应用how引导宾语从句，且宾语从句应用陈述语序。故选A。 8．句意：信念比恐惧更强大，亲情和友情是强大的，每一天都是一份礼物，聪明的女儿永远不会停止向母亲学习。 strong强大的（原级）；stronger更强大的（比较级）；weak虚弱的（原级）；weaker更虚弱的（比较级）。根据“faith is...than fear”可知，此处指信念比恐惧更强大，应用比较级stronger。故选B。 9．句意：信念比恐惧更强大，亲情和友情是强大的，每一天都是一份礼物，聪明的女儿永远不会停止向母亲学习。 learning学习（动名词）；to learn学习（动词不定式）；learn学习（动词原形）；learned学习（动词过去式）。根据“the clever daughter never stops...from her mother”可知，此处指停止向母亲学习，stop doing sth.表示“停止做某事”，应用learning。故选A。 10． 意：这就是犹太谚语所说的：上帝不能无处不在，所以他创造了母亲。 though虽然；yet然而；so所以；or或者。根据“God could not be everywhere...he made mothers”可知，前后为因果关系，应用so连接。故选C。 ◇突破 3 语法填空中的非谓语动词考查 In the final of the men’s 100m freestyle at the 2024 Paris Olympics, Chinese athlete Pan Zhanle achieved an amazing time of 46.40 seconds, breaking the world record and 1 (success) winning the gold medal. This is the 2 (nine) gold medal for the Chinese delegation (代表团) at this Olympics. It’s also the first time that a Chinese athlete has won an Olympic champion (冠军) in the men’s 100m freestyle event. Foreign reporters 3 (give) high praise (赞扬) to Pan Zhanle since he won the first place. He has become the 4 (fast) man in the world now and the most shining Asian star in the 5 (swim) pool. After the competition, Pan Zhanle was very proud of 6 (he). He 7 (say) that this gold medal was of great importance to the country 8 it was the first time that a Chinese had created history in this event. Facing the disregard (漠视) of foreign athletes, he responded (回应) with the result of breaking the world record to answer everything. He has made great contributions 9 the swimming cause in China. His great achievement will encourage more and more Chinese kids 10 (learn) swimming in the future. 【答案】 1．successfully 2．ninth 3．have given 4．fastest 5．swimming 6．himself 7．said 8．because 9．to 10．to learn 【解析】本文主要讲述了中国运动员潘展乐在2024年巴黎奥运会男子100米自由泳决赛中打破世界纪录并成功夺冠的辉煌成就，以及这一胜利对中国游泳事业的意义。 1．句意：在2024年巴黎奥运会男子100米自由泳决赛中，中国运动员潘展乐以46.40秒的惊人成绩打破世界纪录，成功摘得金牌。空处修饰动词“winning”，需用副词。success“成功”，名词，副词形式为successfully“成功地”。故填successfully。 2．句意：这是中国代表团在本届奥运会上获得的第九枚金牌。根据“gold medal”可知，此处表示第九枚金牌，表示顺序，用序数词。nine“九”，基数词，序数词为ninth“第九”。故填ninth。 3．句意：外国记者在潘展乐夺冠后给予了他高度赞扬。根据“since he won the first place”可知，此句为since引导的时间状语从句，主句用现在完成时，结构为have/has done。主语为“Foreign reporters”，助动词用have；give“给”，动词，过去分词为given。故填have given。 4．句意：他现在已经成为世界上最快的人，也是亚洲泳池中最耀眼的明星。“in the world”表示范围，此处用形容词最高级作定语，修饰“man”。fast“快的”，形容词，最高级为fastest“最快的”。故填fastest。 5．句意：他现在已经成为世界上最快的人，也是亚洲泳池中最耀眼的明星。空处修饰“pool”，填动名词，表示池子的用处。swim“游泳”，动词，动名词为swimming。swimming pool“游泳池”。故填swimming。 6．句意：赛后，潘展乐为自己感到骄傲。此句主语与宾语指相同的人，用反身代词。he“他”，主格，反身代词为himself。故填himself。 7．句意：他说，这枚金牌对国家意义重大，因为这是中国人第一次在这一项目上创造历史。描述过去的动作，用一般过去时，空处填动词过去式作谓语。say“说”，动词，过去式为said。故填said。 8．句意：他说，这枚金牌对国家意义重大，因为这是中国人第一次在这一项目上创造历史。前后句为因果关系，前果后因，后句解释金牌重要的原因，需用连词because引导原因状语从句。故填because。 9．句意：他为中国的游泳事业做出了巨大的贡献。根据“made great contributions”可知，此处指为游泳事业做贡献。make contributions to“为……做贡献”。故填to。 10．句意：他的伟大成就将鼓励越来越多的中国孩子在未来学习游泳。encourage sb to do sth“鼓励某人做某事”，空处填动词不定式。learn“学习”，动词，不定式为to learn。故填to learn。 ◇难点 1 动词不定式作宾语和动名词作宾语 典例1—Does this man look familiar (熟悉的) to you, Madam? —Ah, yes! I remember ________ him in the neighborhood yesterday afternoon. A．see B．saw C．seeing D．to see 【答案】C 【解析】句意：——女士，你觉得这个人看起来熟悉吗？——啊，是的！我记得昨天下午在附近见过他。 考查动词非谓语。根据“him in the neighborhood yesterday afternoon.”可知是指记得昨天下午在附近见过他。remember doing sth表示“记得做过某事”（已发生），此处“见过他”是已发生的动作，因此用动名词seeing。故选C。 变式1 —Jack, remember ________ your umbrella with you and don’t forget ________ it home. —OK, Mum. A．taking; bringing B．take; bring C．to bring; to take D．to take; to bring 【答案】D 【解析】句意：——杰克，记得拿雨伞，别忘了带回家。——好的，妈妈。 考查非谓语动词。remember to do sth记得去做某事；remember doing sth记得做过某事；forget to do sth忘记去做某事；forget doing sth忘记做过某事。第一空表达记得带上雨伞，用to take；第二空表达别忘了把它带回家，用to bring。故选D。 ◇难点 2 动词不定式作宾语和动名词作宾补 典例2 After seeing the thief ________ the door, the girl called 110 at once. A．to close B．closing C．closed D．close 【答案】D 【解析】句意：看到小偷关上门后，女孩立刻打了110。 考查动词短语。see sb do sth看到某人做了某事的全过程，强调动作的完成；see sb doing sth看到某人正在做某事，强调动作的进行。根据“After seeing the thief…the door, the girl called 110 at once.”可知，这里强调小偷完成“关门”这一动作后，女孩才采取行动，因此使用动词短语see sb do sth。故选D。 变式2 —Listen! Can you hear someone ________ in the next room? —It must be Lily. I hear her ________ every afternoon. A．sing; sing B．sing; singing C．singing; sing D．singing; singing 【答案】C 【解析】句意：——听！你听到隔壁有人在唱歌吗？——一定是莉莉。我每天下午都能听到她唱歌。 考查现在分词和不定式作宾补。sing唱歌，动词原形；singing唱歌，现在分词。根据“Listen!”可知，说明事情正在发生，hear sb doing sth“听见某人正在做某事”，现在分词作宾补，第一个空填singing；根据“every afternoon.”可知，动作经常发生，hear sb do sth“听见某人经常做某事”，to do不定式的to经常省略，作宾补，第二个空填sing。故选C。 ◇难点 3 过去分词作宾补 典例3— Tom, why are you in such a hurry? — Oh, my bike is broken. I’m going to have it ________. A．repairing B．repaired C．to repair D．repairs 【答案】B 【解析】句意：——汤姆，你为什么这么匆忙？——哦，我的自行车坏了。我打算让人修理它。 考查非谓语动词。“have sth. done”是固定结构，意为“使某物被……”，此处表示让自行车被修理，用过去分词作宾语补足语。故选B。 变式3—Recently I can’t see things clearly. How I regret ________ mobile games long! —I think you should get your eyes ________ first. A．playing; checked B．playing; to check C．to play; checked D．to play; checking 【答案】A 【解析】句意：——最近我看不清东西。我后悔玩手机游戏太久了！——我觉得你应该先检查一下眼睛。 考查非谓语动词。根据“regret”可知，regret doing sth.“后悔做某事”，因此第一个空处应用动名词作宾语；根据“get your eyes”可知，此处应用get sth. done“使某事被做”，因此应用过去分词作宾语补足语。故选A。 一、单项选择 1．（2025·海南·中考真题）________ the speech interesting, our head teacher prepared a short video. A．To make B．Make C．Making 【答案】A 【解析】句意：为了使演讲有趣，我们的班主任准备了一个短视频。 考查非谓语动词。根据“the speech interesting, our head teacher prepared a short video.”可知，班主任准备了一个短视频是为了使演讲有趣，应用动词不定式表示目的。故选A。 2．（2025·西藏·中考真题）Our teacher advises us ________ ourselves in the sunshine. A．enjoy B．to enjoy C．enjoyed D．enjoying 【答案】B 【解析】句意：我们的老师建议我们在阳光下享受（美好时光）。 考查非谓语动词。“advise sb. to do sth.”是固定用法，意为“建议某人做某事”，根据“Our teacher advises us...ourselves in the sunshine.”可知，此处用动词不定式作宾语补足语，故选B。 3．（2025·江苏宿迁·中考真题）Kitty will go to the English Corner ______ her English this Saturday afternoon. A．to practise B．practising C．practised D．practise 【答案】A 【解析】句意：基蒂这个星期六下午要去英语角练习英语。 考查非谓语动词。to practise练习，动词不定式形式；practising练习，现在分词或动名词形式；practised练习，过去式或过去分词形式；practise练习，动词原形。根据句子结构可知，空处应是动词不定式作目的状语，表示去英语角的目的是练习英语。故选A。 4．（2025·吉林长春·中考真题）________ eyes healthy, we students should spend less time on screens. A．To keep B．Keep C．Kept D．Keeping 【答案】A 【解析】句意：为了保持眼睛健康，我们学生应该少花时间在屏幕前。 考查非谓语动词。根据“...eyes healthy”可知，学生少花时间在屏幕前是为了保持眼睛健康，此处应用动词不定式作目的状语，表示“为了保持眼睛健康”。故选A。 5．（2025·福建·中考真题）We will attend the tea festival in our town ________ more about tea culture. A．learning B．to learn C．learned 【答案】B 【解析】句意：我们将参加我们镇上的茶文化节，以进一步了解茶文化。 考查非谓语动词。根据“more about tea culture.”可知，此处在句中表示目的，用动词不定式形式，故选B。 6．（2025·黑龙江·中考真题）________ communication easier and faster, engineers in that company have designed a kind of smart watches. A．Make B．Making C．To make 【答案】C 【解析】句意：为了实现更便捷、快速的通信，该公司的工程师设计了一款智能手表。 考查非谓语动词。根据“engineers in that company have designed a kind of smart watches.”可知，工程师设计了一款智能手表是为了实现更便捷、快速的通信，应用动词不定式表示目的。故选C。 7．（2025·黑龙江·中考真题）—How do you improve your English listening skills? —I spend about twenty minutes ________ English videos every day. A．watch B．to watch C．watching 【答案】C 【解析】句意：——你如何提高自己的英语听力水平？——我每天大约花二十分钟观看英语视频。 考查动名词作宾语。spend time doing sth“花时间做某事”，故选C。 8．（2025·黑龙江绥化·中考真题）Our English teacher is humorous and he often tells funny jokes to make us ________. A．to laugh B．laugh C．laughed 【答案】B 【解析】句意：我们的英语老师很幽默，他经常讲有趣的笑话来逗笑我们。 考查非谓语动词。make sb. do sth.“让某人做某事”，省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。故选B。 9．（2025·天津·中考真题）The government is developing new plans ________ ancient buildings. A．protect B．to protect C．protects D．protected 【答案】B 【解析】句意：政府正在制定新计划以保护古建筑。 考查非谓语动词。根据“The government is developing new plans...ancient buildings.”可知，制定新计划是为了保护古建筑，故此处应用动词不定式作目的状语，故空格处需用to protect。故选B。 10．（2025·江苏扬州·中考真题）We should build on past achievements and work together ________ a better world. A．make B．making C．made D．to make 【答案】D 【解析】句意：我们应该在过去的成就基础上再接再厉，共同努力创造一个更美好的世界。 考查动词不定式。根据“We should build on past achievements and work together...a better world.”可知，在过去的成就基础上再接再厉并共同努力，以创造一个更美好的世界。此处应是动词不定式作目的状语，故选D。 11．（2024·四川攀枝花·中考真题）We need more work ________ our sky clearer, water cleaner and air fresher. A．make B．to make C．makes D．made 【答案】B 【解析】句意：我们需要更多的工作来使我们的天空更湛蓝、水更干净、空气更清新。 考查非谓语。根据“our sky clearer, water cleaner and air fresher.”可知，此处表示目的，应用动词不定式to make作目的状语。故选B。 12．（2024·江苏南京·中考真题）“ClimateGPT” is used ________ people with a good understanding of weather conditions. A．provides B．providing C．provided D．to provide 【答案】D 【解析】句意：“ClimateGPT”用于让人们很好地了解天气状况。 考查动词短语。此处表示“被用来让人们很好地了解天气状况”，用结构be used to do sth.“被用来做某事”。故选D。 13．（2024·四川·中考真题）—What are you going to do this summer vacation? —I plan ________ my cousin in Hangzhou. A．visit B．visiting C．to visit D．visited 【答案】C 【解析】句意：——这个暑假你打算做什么？——我计划去杭州看望我的堂兄。 考查非谓语动词。plan to do sth.“计划做某事”，动词不定式作宾语。故选C。 14．（2024·江苏徐州·中考真题）Finishing a meal in 20 to 30 minutes is widely considered as the ideal ________ time. A．sporting B．shopping C．dressing D．eating 【答案】D 【解析】句意：在20到30分钟内吃完一顿饭被普遍认为是理想的吃饭时间。 考查动名词辨析。sporting体育运动；shopping购物；dressing穿衣服；eating吃。根据“Finishing a meal in 20 to 30 minutes”可知，是指吃饭的时间。故选D。 15．（2024·西藏·中考真题）I think ________ resolutions at the beginning of a year is a good way to improve our lives. A．making B．make C．makes D．made 【答案】A 【解析】句意：我认为在新年伊始制定新年计划是改善我们生活的好方法。 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，think后接宾语从句，此空在从句中作主语，应填动名词，故选A。 16．（2024·江苏宿迁·中考真题）By reading the public signs, he had no difficulty in _______ the shopping mall. A．find B．found C．to find D．finding 【答案】D 【解析】句意：通过阅读公共标志，他毫不费力地找到了购物中心。 考查动名词作宾语。have difficulty in doing sth“做某事有困难”。故选D。 17．（2024·黑龙江·中考真题）Two ________ dollars is enough to buy the bike, but I can’t afford ________ it. A．hundreds, to buy B．hundreds, buy C．hundred, to buy 【答案】C 【解析】句意：两百美元足够买自行车了，但是我买不起。 考查数词用法和不定式用法。hundred前面有具体数字时，用单数；动词短语afford to do sth表示“负担得起做某事”。故选C。 18．（2024·黑龙江绥化·中考真题）The tea ________ in China ________ to many different countries and places each year. A．is made; sent B．made; sent C．made; is sent 【答案】C 【解析】句意：中国产的茶叶每年运往许多不同的国家和地方。 考查被动语态和过去分词用法。tea与send之间是动宾关系，用被动语态，is sent。此处用make的过去分词made作后置定语，修饰tea。故选C。 19．（2024·黑龙江绥化·中考真题）My little brother suggested ________ for a walk. A．to go B．going C．goes 【答案】B 【解析】句意：我的小弟弟建议去散步。 考查非谓语动词。suggest doing sth“建议做某事”，固定短语，所以空处用动名词，故选B。 20．（2024·四川遂宁·中考真题）—Daddy, the Middle Autumn Festival is coming. Could you please tell me ________ for grandparents? —You can buy some mooncakes, fruits and flowers for them. A．how to buy B．what to buy C．where to buy D．when to buy 【答案】B 【解析】句意：——爸爸，中秋节就要到了。你能告诉我给爷爷奶奶买什么吗？——你可以给他们买一些月饼、水果和鲜花。 考查“疑问词+不定式”结构。根据答语“You can buy some mooncakes, fruits and flowers for them.”可知，询问应该买什么，故选B。 二、语法选择（2024·广东·中考真题） The sun was shining on the blue water. Ben and Sue were building a sand castle with Dad on the beach. Suddenly, they heard 1 loud noise coming from behind some rocks. The two kids 2 climbed onto the rocks and 3 over. They were so surprised at 4 they saw. “Penguins (企鹅) ! I’ve never seen penguins on a beach!” shouted Ben. “Shhh! Be quiet 5 you’ll make them feel afraid.” Dad said in a low voice. “Those are African Penguins. This beach is 6 home.” At that moment, Dad noticed a seabird walking 7 the penguin eggs near the rocks. He quickly drove it away. “The seabird will eat the penguin eggs,” said Dad. “Come with me.” They walked along the beach 8 they came to a small house with a sign saying Penguin Care Centre. “This is where I work. These African Penguins are in danger now. But luckily there are still 9 of them left in the world. My job is to take care of them.” Dad said. “That’s great!” said Ben. “Yes. The number of the penguins was once much 10 , but it isn’t very big anymore. One reason is that the penguin eggs 11 by seabirds and other animals. 12 is that the fishermen in this area catch too many fish. Penguins 13 find enough food for their babies. So the government is taking action to stop people 14 for a whole season every year.” Dad explained. “Now we are trying our best 15 the penguin eggs. Do you want to help me?” Dad asked. “Yes!” Ben and Sue both replied 1．A．a B．an C．the D．/ 2．A．care B．caring C．careful D．carefully 3．A．look B．looking C．looked D．to look 4．A．what B．that C．how D．which 5．A．and B．or C．but D．so 6．A．they B．them C．their D．theirs 7．A．above B．off C．towards D．from 8．A．if B．when C．unless D．until 9．A．few B．a few C．little D．a little 10．A．big B．bigger C．biggest D．the biggest 11．A．eat B．ate C．are eating D．are eaten 12．A．Another B．Other C．Others D．The others 13．A．mustn’t B．needn’t C．can’t D．shouldn’t 14．A．fish B．fished C．to fish D．fishing 15．A．protect B．to protect C．protecting D．protected 【答案】 1．A 2．D 3．C 4．A 5．B 6．C 7．C 8．D 9．B 10．B 11．D 12．A 13．C 14．D 15．B 【解析】本文主要讲述了Ben和Sue在海滩上与父亲一起建造沙堡时，意外发现了一群非洲企鹅，并了解到这些企鹅面临的生存威胁以及父亲保护企鹅的工作。 1．句意：突然，他们听到一声巨响从岩石后面传来。 a 不定冠词，后跟以辅音音素开头的单词；an 不定冠词，后跟以元音音素开头的单词；the 定冠词，表示特指；/ 不填。此处表示泛指，修饰单数名词noise，且loud首字母发辅音音素，所以用a修饰。故选A。 2．句意：两个孩子小心翼翼地爬到岩石上往外看。 care 在意，动词；caring 关心他人的，体贴的，形容词；careful 仔细的，小心的，形容词；carefully 小心地，副词。 空处修饰动词climbed，所以用副词。故选D。 3．句意：两个孩子小心翼翼地爬到岩石上往外看。 look 看，原形；looking 看，现在分词/动名词；looked 看，过去式/过去分词；to look 看，不定式。根据“climbed onto”和“and”可知，此处是并列动词，所以用过去式。故选C。 4．句意：他们对所看到的感到非常惊讶。 what 什么；that 那；how 如何；which 哪一个。空处引导宾语从句，同时也是saw的宾语，指“看到的事物”，所以用what引导宾语从句。故选A。 5．句意：安静点，否则你会让它们感到害怕。 and 和；or 否则；but 但是；so 因此。本句是“祈使句+and/or+陈述句”，此处指如果不安静点，就会让它们害怕，用来叙述否定条件，用or。故选B。 6．句意：这片海滩是它们的家。 they 它们，主格；them 它们，宾格；their 它们的，形容词性物主代词；theirs 它们的，名词性物主代词。空处修饰名词home，所以用其形容词性物主代词their。故选C。 7．句意：就在这时，爸爸注意到一只海鸟朝岩石附近的企鹅蛋走去。 above 在……以上，超过；off 从……离开；towards 向，朝着；from 从。根据“walking ... the penguin eggs”可知，是向企鹅蛋走去。故选C。 8．句意：他们沿着海滩走，直到他们来到了一个小房子前，房子的牌子上写着“企鹅护理中心”。 if 如果；when 当……时；unless 除非；until直到。根据“ walked along the beach... they came to a small house”可知，应是一直走，直到到写着“企鹅护理中心”的小房子前。故选D。 9．句意：但幸运的是，世界上仍然有一些。 few 几乎没有，修饰可数名词复数；a few 一些，修饰可数名词复数；little 几乎没有，修饰不可数名词；a little 一点，修饰不可数名词。根据“But luckily there are still ...of them left in the world.”可知，很幸运，则说明世界上还有一些企鹅， 修饰复数代词them，所以用a few。故选B。 10．句意：企鹅的数量曾经大得多，但现在已经不多了。 big 大的；bigger 更大的；biggest 最大的；the biggest 最大的，the+最高级。much修饰比较级。故选B。 11．句意：原因之一是企鹅的蛋被海鸟和其他动物吃掉。 eat 吃，动词原形；ate 吃，过去式；are eating 现在进行时；are eaten 一般现在时的被动语态。 根据“the penguin eggs... by seabirds and other animals”可知，企鹅蛋是被吃掉，所以用被动语态。故选D。 12．句意：另一个原因是这个地区的渔民捕捞了太多的鱼。 Another 另一个（三者或以上中的）；Other 其他的，常修饰可数名词复数；Others 其他人或物；The others 其余的（表示在一个范围内的其他全部）。根据“One reason”及is可知，此处指另一个原因。故选A。 13．句意：企鹅找不到足够的食物喂它们的宝宝。 mustn’t 禁止；needn’t 不必；can’t 不能；shouldn’t 不应该。根据“fishermen in this area catch too many fish”可知，渔民过度捕捞，应是导致企鹅不能找到足够的食物。故选C。 14． 句意：因此，政府正在采取行动，禁止人们每年一整个季节捕鱼。 fish 捕鱼，动词原形；fished 捕鱼，过去式/过去分词；to fish 捕鱼，不定式；fishing 捕鱼，现在分词/动名词。stop sb (from) doing sth“阻止某人做某事”，固定短语。故选D。 15.句意：现在我们正在尽最大努力保护企鹅蛋。 protect 保护，动词原形；to protect 保护，不定式；protecting 保护，现在分词/动名词；protected 保护，过去式/过去分词。try one’s best to do sth“尽某人最大努力做某事”，固定短语，所以空处用动词不定式。故选B。 1 / 3 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $