专题07 动词和动词短语（培优讲义）（全国通用）2026年中考英语一轮复习高效培优系列

该初中英语讲义聚焦中考“动词和动词短语”核心专题，系统覆盖动词基本形式、分类（实义、助动、系动词等）、短语及延续性与非延续性动词等考点，通过“考点深解-命题突破-重难攻坚-练测提能”分层环节，结合真题典例与方法指导，帮助学生构建知识网络，突破词义辨析、时态搭配等难点。 亮点在于“分类记忆+语境应用”双策略，如动词短语按“同一介词/动词”分类梳理，延续性动词通过“转换训练”强化理解，培养学生思维品质与学习能力。特设“真题变式”训练（如典例与变式题对比），配合限时分层练习，确保高效复习，助力教师精准把控节奏，提升学生应考能力。

专题07 动词和动词短语 目 录 目标导图 考点深解 考点1 动词的基本形式 考点2 动词的分类 考点3 动词短语 命题突破 突破1 语法选择/单项选择题的动词考查 突破2 词语运用/所给词适当形式填空中的动词考查 突破3 完形填空中的动词考查 突破4 语法填空中动词考查 重难攻坚 攻坚1 延续性动词与非延续性动词 攻坚2 动词的词义辨析 攻坚3 动词短语 练测提能 ◇考点 1 动词的基本形式 动词的五种基本形式 基本形式 变化规则 示例 动词原形 词典中一般给出的形式 do, learn, run, play 第三人称单数形式 一般在动词后直接加-s run→runs, think→thinks 以ch, sh, s, o, x结尾的动词后加-es teach→teaches, wash→washes, go→goes, pass→passes, mix→mixes 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，先将y变成i，再加-es study→studies, carry→carries 不规则变化 be→is, have→has 动词的-ing形式 一般在动词后直接加-ing read→reading, cook→cooking 以不发音的字母e结尾的动词，先去掉e，再加-ing live→living, write→writing 以重读闭音节结尾的动词，且末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写该辅音字母后加-ing sit→sitting, begin→beginning 少数几个以ie结尾的动词要先变ie为y，再加-ing（初中共3个） die→dying, lie→lying, tie→tying 过去式和过去分词（规则变化） 一般在动词后直接加-ed work→worked, play→played 以字母e结尾的动词，直接加-d invite→invited, promise→promised 以重读闭音节结尾的动词，且末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写该辅音字母后加-ed stop→stopped, plan→planned 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，先将y变为i，再加-ed carry→carried, study→studied 注意：动词的过去式、过去分词的不规则变化形式详见课本后“不规则动词表” ◇考点 2 动词的分类 考向1.实义动词 动词根据其后能否接宾语可分为及物动词和不及物动词。如下表： 类别 含义 示例 例句 及物动词 及物动词本身意义不完整，需要接宾语才能使其意思完整。 love， need，ask， want， have, play Jane usually plays the piano on Saturdays. 不及物 动词 不及物动词自身意思完整，无须接宾语。 happen， come， run， work Nobody knows what will happen next. 按其延续性可分为延续性动词和非延续性动词。如下表： 类别 含义 示例 例句 延续性动词 延续性动词表示动作是可持续的，可以和表示一段时间的状语连用。 live,stay,study,work, keep,teach We have lived in China since 2001. 非延续性动词 非延续性动词表示瞬间动作,动作一经发生便立即结束,非延续性动词不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。如果和表示一段时间的状语连用,就要用其他词代替。 buy,lend,borrow, die,begin,stop, finish,arrive,join, go,come,catch I bought the book two days ago. 考向2.助动词 助动词本身没有意义，不能单独作谓语，只能和实义动词一起构成谓语，表示时态、语态、语气等。 助动词 句法功能 例句 be动词（am, is,are）/（was,were） 构成现在进行时 Jimmy is playing basketball with his friends. 构成过去进行时 Li Ming was sleeping when his father came back. 构成被动语态 Parking is not allowed here. do/does/did 构成疑问句、否定句 Do you like the book your mother bought for you? 用于倒装句 Seldom does he come late. 构成否定祈使句 Don't make any noise in the library. 代替主要动词 I don't like eating noodles, but my brother does. have/has/had 构成完成时 Tom has played soccer on the playground for a long time. will/shall/ would 构成将来时 There will be more helpful robots in the future. 考向3.系动词 系动词本身有一定的词义，但不能独立作谓语，必须和表语一起构成系表结构来说明主语的身份、性质、状态。具体分类如下： 类别 示例 例句 表示状态的系动词 be My father is a teacher. 表示持续的系动词 keep， remain， lie， stay My grandparents take exercise every morning to keep healthy. 感官系动词 look， sound， feel， smell， taste The new cloth feels smooth and soft. 表示状态变化的系动词 become， get，turn， go， grow In spring， trees begin to turn green. 考向4.实义动词词义辨析 实义动词词义辨析主要是通过上下文考查其在语境中的辨析。 解答语境辨析类试题时，首先要确定每个动词的含义，然后分析语境，找出关键词或前后存在的逻辑关系，确定答案。因此考生在平时的学习过程中，需要重点积累并掌握实义动词的词义及用法。 1.used to do sth.和be used to doing sth.的区别 be used to doing sth.表示习惯做某事,to后的动词用-ing形式; used to do sth.表示过去常常做某事。如: I am used to getting up early.我习惯早起。 I used to get up at six in the morning.我过去经常在早上六点起床。 注意:be used to do sth.被用来做某事。如: Pens are used to write.钢笔被用来写字。 2.arrive,get和reach表示“到达”时的区别 arrive in+大地点,arrive at+小地点, get to+地点名词, reach是及物动词,后面直接跟地点名词。如: We arrived at the village at five in the afternoon.我们在下午五点到达了那个村庄。 When did you arrive in Beijing?你们是何时到北京的? How do you usually get to school?你通常怎样到学校? When she reached the office,the teacher was having a rest.当她到达办公室时,老师正在休息。 3.borrow,lend,keep borrow“借”,为非延续性动词,表示主语“借入”某物,常用短语borrow sth.from sb./sth.; lend“借”,为非延续性动词,表示主语“借出”某物,常用短语lend sth.to sb.; keep“保存;借”,为延续性动词,表示“长时间借用”。如: I borrowed a book from the school library yesterday.昨天我从校图书馆借了一本书。 Could you lend your pen to me?你能把你的钢笔借给我吗? How long can we keep the book?我们能借这本书多久? 4.dress,put on,wear dress sb.给某人穿衣服; put on“穿上,戴上”,表动作; wear“穿着,戴着”,表状态,与“be in”同义。如: Mother dressed her baby in her best clothes.母亲给婴儿穿上最漂亮的衣服。 Jim put on his coat and went out.吉姆穿上大衣出去了。 Lily is wearing a red skirt today.莉莉今天穿着一条红裙子。 5.see,look,watch,read see看见,表结果; look看,表动作,不及物动词,后面必须加介词at才能跟宾语; watch看(比赛、电视); read看(书、报),表示阅读。如: I can see an apple on the table.我看见桌子上有一个苹果。 Look,there is a kite flying in the sky.看,天空中有一个风筝。 Watching TV too much is bad for your health.看电视太多对你的健康有害。 Don’t read books in the sun.不要在阳光下读书。 6.bring,take,carry,fetch bring意为“带来,拿来”,表示“拿到靠近说话者的地方”; take意为“拿去,带走”,表示“拿到远离说话人的地方”; carry意为“扛,搬”,用力移动,没有方向性; fetch意为“去取,去拿”,表示往返拿物。 Please take the books to the classroom.请把这些书拿到教室。 Remember to bring your homework to school tomorrow.记得明天把作业带到学校。 The bag is very heavy.Please carry it to my office.这个包很重。请把它提到我的办公室。 Don’t worry.I can fetch the key.别担心,我去取钥匙。 7.die,dead,death,dying die意为“死”,是非延续性动词; dead意为“死的”,是形容词,表状态; death意为“死”,是名词; dying意为“垂死的,要死的”,是形容词。 Her grandfather died last year.她的祖父去年死了。 Her grandfather has been dead for two years.她的祖父死了两年了。 His death was a great loss to China.他的死对中国是一个极大的损失。 The poor old man was dying.那个可怜的老人快死了。 8.speak,say,talk,tell speak作为及物动词时接表示语言的名词; say侧重说的内容; talk是不及物动词,常跟介词to或with,意为“同某人谈话”; tell意为“讲述”,并常与story连用,意为“讲故事”。 9.spend,cost,take,pay spend指花费时间或金钱,后接on sth.或(in)doing sth.;cost用物作主语,意为“需付费”;take可用于固定句型,表示花费时间,其结构为:It(形式主语)+takes/took sb.+时间+to do sth.;pay与介词for连用。 (1)pay指花费时,一般指花钱,主语为人,表示“为某物支付……钱”,用pay+(money+)for sth.。如: I paid 100 yuan for the dictionary.我花100元买了这本字典。 (2)take指花费时,一般指时间,通常用于句型It takes/took sb.(some time)to do sth.(某人花了多少时间做某事)。如: It took me 3 days to finish the work.我花了3天的时间完成了这项工作。 (3)cost指花费时,主语是物。sth. cost sb.(money)表示“某物花了某人多少钱”。如: The dress cost her 185 yuan.这条裙子花了她185元。 (4)spend指花费时,指花时间或金钱,其主语为人。spend(money/time)on sth./(in)doing sth.意为“在(做)某事上花费了多少金钱或时间”。如: Don’t spend too much money on clothes.别把太多的钱花在服装上。 We spent a day in visiting the factory.我们花了一天的时间参观这个工厂。 10.look for,find 两个词都有“找”的意思。look for 强调寻找的过程;find强调找的结果。 11.listen to,hear listen to 和hear 都有“听”的意思。 listen强调听的动作,为不及物动词,与to组成固定搭配; hear强调听的结果。 12.lose,fail,beat,win lose意为“输给某人”,固定搭配为lose to sb.;fail指“失败”或“未做成某事”; beat 意为“打败”,后接sb.或某支队伍; win意为“赢得”,如赢得荣誉、地位、比赛等。 13.lose,forget,leave lose意为“丢失,遗失”; forget 意为“忘记”,“忘记要做某事”为 forget to do sth.; “leave sth.+地点状语”意为“把某物落在某处”。 14.join,take part in,attend 三者都有“参加”的意思。 join一般指加入“党派”或“组织”,如参军、入党等; take part in 指参加大型的活动; attend 一般指出席会议。 15.like,love,enjoy like,love和enjoy三个词作动词,都有“喜欢”的意思,但用法有区别。 (1)like意为“喜欢”“爱好”,指对某人或某事赞许或发生兴趣,并积极参加活动,语气较弱。后接名词、代词、动名词或不定式作宾语。 I like playing football.我喜欢踢足球。 She likes to go to the zoo with me.她喜欢和我一起去动物园。 (2)love意为“爱”,在感情上比like强烈,表示深深地爱或对异性的爱。 We love our country.我们热爱祖国。 Mothers and fathers love their children.父母爱他们的孩子。 (3)enjoy意为“喜爱”“欣赏”“享受”。指对某样东西或某件事情感觉愉快,广泛应用于从外界事物中得到喜悦,领略到乐趣。后接名词、代词或动名词作宾语,不能接不定式。 He still enjoys the changes.他仍然喜欢这些变化。 They enjoy going to the concert.他们喜欢去听音乐会。 16.hope,wish hope和wish都有“希望”的意思,但用法有区别。 (1)hope和wish后均可接动词不定式作宾语。 I hope/wish to go to college.我希望去上大学。 (2)hope和wish后均可接宾语从句。hope表示很有把握实现的愿望;而wish表示无法实现的愿望,从句要用过去时。 We hope that you agree with us.我们希望你同意我们的看法。 I wish I could fly to the moon.但愿我能飞上月球。 (3)hope后不能接“宾语+不定式”,而wish后可以。 (正)I wish her to leave now.我希望她现在离开。 (误)I hope her to leave now. (4)wish可以表示祝愿,但hope不能。 I wish you well and happy.我祝愿你健康快乐。 17.seem, look, appear seem,appear,look这三个词都作连系动词,都可以译作“似乎”或“看上去”。但用法不同。 (1)seem意为“似乎”或“看来”,指说话人以客观迹象为依据的主观的判断。 It seems a rock band plays there every evening.一个摇滚乐队似乎每天晚上在那里演奏。 It seems to me that there is something funny about the case.在我看来这件案子有点滑稽。 (2)look所表示的“看来”指从外表上看,是以视觉所接受的印象为依据的,常常是事实。 His wife was wearing a hat that looked like a lighthouse.他的妻子戴着一顶看起来好像一座灯塔的帽子。 This ring looks nice. Is it made of silver?这枚戒指很好看。它是银的吗? (3)appear指给人以表面的印象,而实际上是否如此,则不得而知。 He appears to want to leave.他看起来要走。 It appears that I am wrong.看来是我错了。 (4)seem和appear这两个词之后常常接动词不定式、形容词等作表语,也可以接that或as if从句;而look后常接形容词或介词短语作语。 It seems that he is lying.似乎他在说谎。 That looks like an interesting film.那看来是部有趣的电影。 18.receive,accept (1)receive表示“收到,接到”,指客观上收到,被动地接受。如: I received a Christmas present yesterday.昨天我收到了一份圣诞节礼物。 (2)accept意为“接受”,表示主观上的接受。如: I didn’t accept Jim’s present.我没有接受吉姆的礼物。 ◇考点 3 动词短语 考向1.同一介词/副词型 for短语 ask for 请求care for关心；关怀 leave for动身去 cheer for为……加油 pay for为……付钱 prepare for为……做准备 search for搜寻；寻找 send for派人去请stand for代表；象征 wait for等待thanks for因……而感谢 up短语 add up加起来；合计 bring up提出；养育；培养 cheer up使振奋clean up清理；打扫 use up用完；用尽 call up打电话 dress up穿上盛装；装扮eat up吃光end up最终成为；最后处于 fix up修理；修补stay up熬夜 tidy up整理；收拾grow up成长；长大hurry up赶快 out短语 blow out 吹灭 break out（战争、火灾等）突然发生；爆发 point out指出bring out使显现；使变得明显carry out 执行；贯彻 find out查明；发现 down短语 break down停止运转；出故障calm down平静下来 slow down放慢速度die down变弱；逐渐消失fall down倒塌；跌倒 knock down拆除；撞倒；击倒lie down躺下 pull down拆掉；拆毁 look down俯视；轻视 sit down坐下shut down关闭；停业 write down写下；记下 away 短语 blow away驱散；吹走 get away离开；逃脱 pass away去世 fly away飞走run away逃跑 throw away扔掉 about短语 argue about争论 bring about引起；造成 care about关心；在意 hear about听说 hang about闲逛talk about谈论think about考虑 worry about担心 at短语 aim at瞄准；旨在laugh at嘲笑 arrive at到达（小地方）knock at敲point at 指向…… smile at冲……微笑 shout at对……大喊 stare...at凝视；盯着看 off短语 run off流失；逃跑 drop off入睡；下降 fall off减少；跌落leave off停止；中断 shut off关闭；切断pay off偿清（欠款等）ring off挂断电话send off发送；邮寄 set off动身；启程show off炫耀give off（散）发出；放出（气味、热、光等） on短语 agree on就……达成共识 call on号召；拜访 depend on依靠；依赖feed on以……为食 focus on集中于hold on别挂电话；坚持keep on继续前行pass on传递 try on试穿 work on从事于；忙于 With 短语 agree with同意begin with以……开始 compare with与……相比 connect with与……相连 catch up with追上；赶上 fall in love with爱上（某人或某物） deal with解决；处理 go with伴随 play with和……一起玩 part with放弃；交出（难舍之物） stay/keep in touch with与……保持联系 share with与……分享talk with和……交谈 in短语 break in 强行闯入；打断 bring in引入 check in报到；登记 fill in填写result in导致；引起hand in上交take in吸收；收入believe in信任；信赖 考向2.同一动词型 come短语 come on 加油；快点儿 come out 出现；出版 come over顺便来访 come along 出现；进展 come up with 提出；想出 come back回来 come up出现；升起 come down落下；崩塌 come in进来 come across（偶然）遇见 come true（希望、梦想等）实现 cut短语 cut down削减；砍倒 cut up切碎 cut in插嘴 cut into侵犯；打断 cut out删去；停止 cut off切断；中断 Keep短语 keep on继续下去 keep out留在外面 keep away from远离 keep off使……不接近 keep up with 跟上 keep in touch with和……保持联系 look短语 look at看look after 照顾；照料 look into调查 look out当心；留神look up查阅；查找 look for寻找；盼望 look around环顾look over查看；检查look through浏览 look back回顾look up to尊敬；钦佩 look forward to盼望look out for留心；注意察看 look like看起来像 put短语 put up举起；搭建；张贴 put down写下；放下 put back把……放回原处put into注入；投入put away放好put on穿上；上演；增加put out熄灭put off推迟put through接通（电话） turn短语 turn over翻身；（使）翻转turn out结果是；证明是turn on打开（电灯等）turn off关闭（电灯等）turn away把……拒之门外turn up开大；调高turn down调低，关小；拒绝 turn in上交；归还 turn to求助于turn around（使）转身 get短语 get up起床get on上车（船、飞机等）get off下车（船、飞机等）get down下来 get into进入；陷入 get to到达 get back回来 go短语 go on继续go away走开；离开；消失 go ahead 进行；前进go along继续前进；沿着……走 go by（时间）流逝 go over复习；仔细检查go off 爆炸；（警报等）响 go down下降go up上升；增长go out 熄灭；出去（娱乐）go through通过 go back返回 give短语 give up放弃give in屈服；让步give away捐赠；泄露give out散发；分发give over停止；交出give back归还；恢复 take短语 take up占用；开始从事 take down写下；记下take away带走；拿走take over接收；接管 take out拿出；除去；扣除take care of照顾take place举行；发生take pride in以……为傲 take part in参加take after（在外貌、性格等方面）与（父母等）相像 take the place of 代替 考向3 混合型 混合辨析，即选项通常设置为“不同动词+不同介词/副词”，需要考生熟记动词短语。 1．Many young students want to be famous and popular. But to make this dream come true, they really ______ a lot of talent and hard work. A．create B．behave C．manage D．require 2．In science class, we ________ the burning candle with a glass cup to see the changes. A．filled B．compared C．covered D．mixed 3．—Scientists are working hard to ________ a new way to solve the energy problem. —That’s great! We really need more clean energy sources. A．discover B．control C．increase D．cancel 4．—The human-like robot can run faster than a person. That’s amazing! —Yes. Scientists design different programs to ________ it, which shows the power of technology. A．control B．discover C．encourage D．describe 5．—I suppose we’re going to plant trees next week. —Fantastic! Planting trees is a lot of fun. I’d like to ________ you. A．visit B．join C．pick D．accept 6．—I’m sorry I _______ my homework at home. —Don’t forget _______ it to school tomorrow. A．left; to bring B．forgot; to take C．left; bringing D．forgot; taking 7．They ________ many happy hours ________ along the beach during the holiday. A．spent; to walk B．paid; walk C．cost; walking D．spent; walking 8．There is something wrong with his computer. He plans to ________ it this afternoon. A．use B．repair C．delete D．notice 9．Before visiting a foreign country, you’d better ________ what the local people usually do, so you will know the country better. A．check B．doubt C．practise D．decide 10．—I heard the Chinese diving team ________ all 9 gold medals. —Amazing! They made history again. A．lost B．swept C．hit D．manage 11．I’d like to be a volunteer. Could you please ______ my name to the list? A．present B．replace C．keep D．add 12．Put on your gloves! Snow is very cold and it can ________ your hands. A．hurt B．wash C．warm D．protect 13．Nothing can make him ________ his mind. A．change B．changes C．changed D．to change 14．—What a nice car! When ________ you ________ it? —Yesterday. It’s my birthday gift. A．have; bought B．did; buy C．are; buying D．will; buy 15．This song ________ very beautiful. Many people like listening to it. A．sounds B．feels C．smells D．tastes 16．Grandma called us on her trip to the Palace Museum and she sounded ________ on the phone. A．happy B．happily C．happiness D．unhappily 17．—Hurry up and we can ________ before lunchtime. —OK, let’s try to ________ the hall early to cheer for the players. A．arrive; arrive B．reach; reach C．get; arrive at D．arrive; reach 18．—Hurry up! The basketball game ________ for 15 minutes! —I’m so sorry for being late. A．has been on B．began C．has begun 19．Ben’s dog ________ for more than a month, but he is still very sad. A．is dead B．has died C．has been dead 20．—Tom, may I use my dictionary? You ________ it for several days. —Of course, I’m sorry. I really need it for my homework now. A．have bought B．have kept C．have borrowed ◇突破 1 单项填空中的动词考查 典例1—How often should I water the trees? —Once a week. They don’t ________ too much water. A．produce B．require C．discover D．waste 变式1—The traffic accident __________ from the driver’s careless use of his mobile phone. —That’s a good reminder for us all to drive safely. A．resulted B．caused C．differed D．suffered ◇突破 2 词语运用/用所给词适当形式填空中的动词考查 典例2Justin might not go with us. It on how busy he is. (independent) 变式2The sunny days us to go traveling to faraway places in autumn. (able) ◇突破 3 完形填空中的动词考查 Once upon a time, there was a king who lost his left leg and one eye during a war. Even with these 1 , his wisdom (智慧) and kindness made him a great king in his country. One day, the king saw the 2 of his ancestors (祖先) on the walls. He imagined that one day his children would 3 him by his picture as well. He really wanted to have it painted well. However, he wasn’t sure what his painting would be like because of his look. So he 4 many famous painters to the palace. All the painters began to wonder how to paint the king. They soon decided that it was a(n) 5 task. They feared that if the king was unhappy with their pictures, they would get 6 . So, one by one, they started making excuses and 7 politely. Then, one painter named Tom said that he wanted to have a try. The king agreed. Tom started drawing and coloring the picture 8 in a quiet room. After some time, he finally finished it. When Tom showed the picture, everyone, including the king, was 9 . In the picture, the king was sitting on a horse, showing the one-legged side, holding his bow and aiming the arrow with his one eye closed. The king was very happy to see this 10 picture and gave Tom a lot of money. 1．A．decisions B．instructions C．advantages D．challenges 2．A．pictures B．words C．discoveries D．objects 3．A．control B．warn C．remember D．protect 4．A．cheered B．invited C．discussed D．understood 5．A．simple B．boring C．ancient D．impossible 6．A．encouraged B．punished C．expected D．believed 7．A．refused B．compared C．accepted D．sold 8．A．recently B．angrily C．carefully D．loudly 9．A．amazed B．sad C．worried D．tired 10．A．ugly B．strange C．fantastic D．missing ◇突破 4 语法填空中的动词考查 When I first began my journey of learning Chinese, I was greeted by a world where everything seemed new and different. The Chinese characters 1 like little pictures, and I couldn’t understand a single one. Thankfully, my teacher Mr. Li, made it easy for 2 . He used colorful flashcards to introduce simple words like “ni hao” and “xie xie”. We also played games in class to remember the words. One of my favorite games 3 “Simon Says” in Chinese. Mr. Li would say something, and we had to follow his instructions (指令). Gradually, I started recognizing (认出) 4 and more Chinese words. Mr. Li taught us how to 5 from one to ten, and we also learned some animals’ names. One day, Mr. Li organized a field trip to Chinatown. The streets were 6 with colorful signs and delicious smells. We got to try some traditional Chinese food. I even practiced ordering food in Chinese. It was 7 to use the words I had learned. As time went by, my understanding of Chinese improved. I could have simple 8 with my Chinese friends at school. We exchanged (交换) words in both English and Chinese. It was like having a secret language between us. Learning Chinese has 9 up a new world for me. I can now read simple stories and understand Chinese culture better. It’s been a fun journey, and I can’t 10 to continue learning and discovering more about this beautiful language. ◇难点 1 延续性动词与非延续性动词 典例1—Has he returned the book to the library? —No. He has ______ it for one week. A．borrowed B．lent C．kept D．bought 变式1 —How long have you owned this soft toy? —I _______ it since I was six years old. A．have bought B．have had C．have borrowed D．have lent ◇难点 2 动词词义辨析 典例2 —How often should I water the trees? —Once a week. They don’t ________ too much water. A．produce B．require C．discover D．waste 变式2 —He seems terribly ill. I’m afraid we have to take him to hospital right now. —I don’t think it ________. Maybe he’s just caught a cold. A．works B．matters C．cares D．minds ◇难点 3 动词短语 典例3Mr. Clark ________ the electricity as quickly as possible when he saw the fire on the machine. A．turned off B．took off C．got off D．set off 变式3—What did the doctor say just now? —The doctor suggested that we’d better not ________ late even on holiday. A．cheer up B．stay out C．stay up D．come up 一、单项选择 1．（2025·西藏·中考真题）It often ________ me 50 minutes to finish this kind of paper cutting. A．takes B．costs C．pays D．spends 2．（2025·江苏无锡·中考真题）And I ________ you should try the colour therapy. Colours have amazing power. A．support B．suggest C．imagine D．introduce 3．（2025·江苏无锡·中考真题）You’re welcome! ________ you good luck! A．Give B．Make C．Hope D．Wish 4．（2025·江苏南通·中考真题）—Millie, can you ________ the cranes for us? —OK. They are tall and have long legs and a long neck. A．count B．describe C．raise D．protect 5．（2025·江苏徐州·中考真题）—Zhu Yangzhu was ________ with the China Youth May Fourth Medal in 2023. —Congratulations! He is the pride of Peixian, Xuzhou. A．presented B．provided C．prepared D．promised 6．（2025·四川乐山·中考真题）Could you please ________ it again? I didn’t quite catch that. A．talk B．say C．tell 7．（2025·四川乐山·中考真题）Some people eat with their eyes, so they like to order what ________ nice. A．looks B．smells C．tastes 8．（2025·湖北武汉·中考真题）—Why do you often wear white clothes in summer? —Clothes of this color ________ the heat, so I don’t feel that hot. A．spread B．reflect C．increase D．bring 9．（2025·湖北武汉·中考真题）—Who is________ the way in the race? —Xiaoming. He runs the fastest in our class. A．watching B．planning C．leading D．showing 10．（2025·福建·中考真题）—I’d like to travel to Shandong. —Mount Taishan is a place of interest. You can’t ________ it. A．miss B．reach C．change 11．（2025·黑龙江绥化·中考真题）On the Dragon Boat Festival, my mother cooked delicious zongzi and ________ them on the plate. A．laid B．lay C．lain 12．（2025·吉林·中考真题）The earth is our home. Everyone should begin with small things to ________ it. A．protect B．move C．leave 13．（2025·甘肃白银·中考真题）It seems that ________ is a worldwide way to greet someone for the first time. A．kissing B．hugging C．bowing D．shaking hands 14．（2025·黑龙江绥化·中考真题）It’s our duty to protect the nature because it ________ us with fresh air and clean water. A．provides B．compares C．refuses 15．（2025·黑龙江·中考真题）China has made great achievements in protecting pandas. The number of wild pandas has ________ a lot. A．helped B．increased C．protected 16．（2025·天津·中考真题）When David sees these postcards, he will ________ his wonderful travel experiences. A．remember B．borrow C．hate D．trust 17．（2025·江西·中考真题）Mozart ______ many pieces of beautiful music. That’s why he is so famous. A．enjoyed B．created C．bought D．heard 18．（2025·甘肃白银·中考真题）A low-fat diet can ________ the risk of heart disease. A．help B．reduce C．encourage D．support 19．（2025·安徽·中考真题）Paper-cutting is not easy to learn. It ________ much practice, patience and imagination. A．explains B．supports C．provides D．requires 20．（2025·江苏连云港·中考真题）New types of energy from the sun, wind and water ________ little pollution and will never run out. A．burn B．recycle C．separate D．produce 二、完形填空 （2025·湖北武汉·中考真题）“Why did we pick today for this? I should be staying at home, having a birthday party, and lots of birthday gifts are waiting for me!” I said to Dad, a little upset. Six miles into our bird-watching trip in Happy Forest Park, we were in 1 . In the morning, we set out in 2 weather. Birds were singing along the way while we enjoyed the sunshine. But storm clouds came unexpectedly. “I checked the weather, but the app didn’t 3 us,” Dad explained. Mom comforted me. “Don’t worry, and maybe you’ll get a nicer 4 for your birthday.” “Really?” I forced a smile. “Find shelter (遮蔽)!” Dad shouted as the heavy rain poured down. We 5 a rest area nearby and rushed there. The wind blew hard and I felt cold. I found I’d forgotten to take my emergency rescue blanket (紧急救生毯) when I 6 my bag. “Ta-da! Look! ” Dad pulled out a blanket from his bag and put it over us. “Let’s 7 ,” he added. Mom brought out a packet of cookies. “ 8 makes everything better,” she said, passing them around. Her calmness helped me breathe 9 . Half an hour passed, but the rain didn’t stop. We had to 10 the trip and return. The ground was wet, so Dad kept reminding us to be slow and 11 . He suggested we hold on to the trees in order not to 12 . The sky grew dark, so we couldn’t see the road clearly. “Are we… 13 ?” I asked. Dad took out a compass (指南针) from his magic bag. “See this? Always 14 one,” he said, “North is that way.” Then he guided us with a flashlight. We finally got to the car park and drove home safely. On arriving home, we got into warm clothes. “The weather in the mountains changes anytime. Luckily, with good 15 , we made the trip safe and sound. High five!” Dad said while we were drinking hot chocolate. “And this unusual trip is the best birthday gift I got today,” I smiled to Mom. 1．A．joy B．peace C．trouble D．place 2．A．sunny B．cloudy C．snowy D．rainy 3．A．warn B．greet C．cheat D．fail 4．A．cake B．course C．program D．gift 5．A．missed B．noticed C．built D．reached 6．A．closed B．searched C．dropped D．tidied 7．A．shout B．jump C．share D．continue 8．A．Medicine B．Drink C．Exercise D．Food 9．A．rapidly B．loudly C．easily D．heavily 10．A．wait for B．take up C．pay for D．give up 11．A．careful B．friendly C．silent D．active 12．A．sit B．sleep C．fall D．run 13．A．lost B．hurt C．busy D．late 14．A．buy B．borrow C．raise D．pack 15．A．imagination B．preparation C．invitation D．situation 17 / 27 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题07 动词和动词短语 目 录 目标导图 考点深解 考点1 动词的基本形式 考点2 动词的分类 考点3 动词短语 命题突破 突破1 语法选择/单项选择题的动词考查 突破2 词语运用/所给词适当形式填空中的动词考查 突破3 完形填空中的动词考查 突破4 语法填空中动词考查 重难攻坚 攻坚1 延续性动词与非延续性动词 攻坚2 动词的词义辨析 攻坚3 动词短语 练测提能 ◇考点 1 动词的基本形式 动词的五种基本形式 基本形式 变化规则 示例 动词原形 词典中一般给出的形式 do, learn, run, play 第三人称单数形式 一般在动词后直接加-s run→runs, think→thinks 以ch, sh, s, o, x结尾的动词后加-es teach→teaches, wash→washes, go→goes, pass→passes, mix→mixes 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，先将y变成i，再加-es study→studies, carry→carries 不规则变化 be→is, have→has 动词的-ing形式 一般在动词后直接加-ing read→reading, cook→cooking 以不发音的字母e结尾的动词，先去掉e，再加-ing live→living, write→writing 以重读闭音节结尾的动词，且末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写该辅音字母后加-ing sit→sitting, begin→beginning 少数几个以ie结尾的动词要先变ie为y，再加-ing（初中共3个） die→dying, lie→lying, tie→tying 过去式和过去分词（规则变化） 一般在动词后直接加-ed work→worked, play→played 以字母e结尾的动词，直接加-d invite→invited, promise→promised 以重读闭音节结尾的动词，且末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写该辅音字母后加-ed stop→stopped, plan→planned 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，先将y变为i，再加-ed carry→carried, study→studied 注意：动词的过去式、过去分词的不规则变化形式详见课本后“不规则动词表” ◇考点 2 动词的分类 考向1.实义动词 动词根据其后能否接宾语可分为及物动词和不及物动词。如下表： 类别 含义 示例 例句 及物动词 及物动词本身意义不完整，需要接宾语才能使其意思完整。 love， need，ask， want， have, play Jane usually plays the piano on Saturdays. 不及物 动词 不及物动词自身意思完整，无须接宾语。 happen， come， run， work Nobody knows what will happen next. 按其延续性可分为延续性动词和非延续性动词。如下表： 类别 含义 示例 例句 延续性动词 延续性动词表示动作是可持续的，可以和表示一段时间的状语连用。 live,stay,study,work, keep,teach We have lived in China since 2001. 非延续性动词 非延续性动词表示瞬间动作,动作一经发生便立即结束,非延续性动词不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。如果和表示一段时间的状语连用,就要用其他词代替。 buy,lend,borrow, die,begin,stop, finish,arrive,join, go,come,catch I bought the book two days ago. 考向2.助动词 助动词本身没有意义，不能单独作谓语，只能和实义动词一起构成谓语，表示时态、语态、语气等。 助动词 句法功能 例句 be动词（am, is,are）/（was,were） 构成现在进行时 Jimmy is playing basketball with his friends. 构成过去进行时 Li Ming was sleeping when his father came back. 构成被动语态 Parking is not allowed here. do/does/did 构成疑问句、否定句 Do you like the book your mother bought for you? 用于倒装句 Seldom does he come late. 构成否定祈使句 Don't make any noise in the library. 代替主要动词 I don't like eating noodles, but my brother does. have/has/had 构成完成时 Tom has played soccer on the playground for a long time. will/shall/ would 构成将来时 There will be more helpful robots in the future. 考向3.系动词 系动词本身有一定的词义，但不能独立作谓语，必须和表语一起构成系表结构来说明主语的身份、性质、状态。具体分类如下： 类别 示例 例句 表示状态的系动词 be My father is a teacher. 表示持续的系动词 keep， remain， lie， stay My grandparents take exercise every morning to keep healthy. 感官系动词 look， sound， feel， smell， taste The new cloth feels smooth and soft. 表示状态变化的系动词 become， get，turn， go， grow In spring， trees begin to turn green. 考向4.实义动词词义辨析 实义动词词义辨析主要是通过上下文考查其在语境中的辨析。 解答语境辨析类试题时，首先要确定每个动词的含义，然后分析语境，找出关键词或前后存在的逻辑关系，确定答案。因此考生在平时的学习过程中，需要重点积累并掌握实义动词的词义及用法。 1.used to do sth.和be used to doing sth.的区别 be used to doing sth.表示习惯做某事,to后的动词用-ing形式; used to do sth.表示过去常常做某事。如: I am used to getting up early.我习惯早起。 I used to get up at six in the morning.我过去经常在早上六点起床。 注意:be used to do sth.被用来做某事。如: Pens are used to write.钢笔被用来写字。 2.arrive,get和reach表示“到达”时的区别 arrive in+大地点,arrive at+小地点, get to+地点名词, reach是及物动词,后面直接跟地点名词。如: We arrived at the village at five in the afternoon.我们在下午五点到达了那个村庄。 When did you arrive in Beijing?你们是何时到北京的? How do you usually get to school?你通常怎样到学校? When she reached the office,the teacher was having a rest.当她到达办公室时,老师正在休息。 3.borrow,lend,keep borrow“借”,为非延续性动词,表示主语“借入”某物,常用短语borrow sth.from sb./sth.; lend“借”,为非延续性动词,表示主语“借出”某物,常用短语lend sth.to sb.; keep“保存;借”,为延续性动词,表示“长时间借用”。如: I borrowed a book from the school library yesterday.昨天我从校图书馆借了一本书。 Could you lend your pen to me?你能把你的钢笔借给我吗? How long can we keep the book?我们能借这本书多久? 4.dress,put on,wear dress sb.给某人穿衣服; put on“穿上,戴上”,表动作; wear“穿着,戴着”,表状态,与“be in”同义。如: Mother dressed her baby in her best clothes.母亲给婴儿穿上最漂亮的衣服。 Jim put on his coat and went out.吉姆穿上大衣出去了。 Lily is wearing a red skirt today.莉莉今天穿着一条红裙子。 5.see,look,watch,read see看见,表结果; look看,表动作,不及物动词,后面必须加介词at才能跟宾语; watch看(比赛、电视); read看(书、报),表示阅读。如: I can see an apple on the table.我看见桌子上有一个苹果。 Look,there is a kite flying in the sky.看,天空中有一个风筝。 Watching TV too much is bad for your health.看电视太多对你的健康有害。 Don’t read books in the sun.不要在阳光下读书。 6.bring,take,carry,fetch bring意为“带来,拿来”,表示“拿到靠近说话者的地方”; take意为“拿去,带走”,表示“拿到远离说话人的地方”; carry意为“扛,搬”,用力移动,没有方向性; fetch意为“去取,去拿”,表示往返拿物。 Please take the books to the classroom.请把这些书拿到教室。 Remember to bring your homework to school tomorrow.记得明天把作业带到学校。 The bag is very heavy.Please carry it to my office.这个包很重。请把它提到我的办公室。 Don’t worry.I can fetch the key.别担心,我去取钥匙。 7.die,dead,death,dying die意为“死”,是非延续性动词; dead意为“死的”,是形容词,表状态; death意为“死”,是名词; dying意为“垂死的,要死的”,是形容词。 Her grandfather died last year.她的祖父去年死了。 Her grandfather has been dead for two years.她的祖父死了两年了。 His death was a great loss to China.他的死对中国是一个极大的损失。 The poor old man was dying.那个可怜的老人快死了。 8.speak,say,talk,tell speak作为及物动词时接表示语言的名词; say侧重说的内容; talk是不及物动词,常跟介词to或with,意为“同某人谈话”; tell意为“讲述”,并常与story连用,意为“讲故事”。 9.spend,cost,take,pay spend指花费时间或金钱,后接on sth.或(in)doing sth.;cost用物作主语,意为“需付费”;take可用于固定句型,表示花费时间,其结构为:It(形式主语)+takes/took sb.+时间+to do sth.;pay与介词for连用。 (1)pay指花费时,一般指花钱,主语为人,表示“为某物支付……钱”,用pay+(money+)for sth.。如: I paid 100 yuan for the dictionary.我花100元买了这本字典。 (2)take指花费时,一般指时间,通常用于句型It takes/took sb.(some time)to do sth.(某人花了多少时间做某事)。如: It took me 3 days to finish the work.我花了3天的时间完成了这项工作。 (3)cost指花费时,主语是物。sth. cost sb.(money)表示“某物花了某人多少钱”。如: The dress cost her 185 yuan.这条裙子花了她185元。 (4)spend指花费时,指花时间或金钱,其主语为人。spend(money/time)on sth./(in)doing sth.意为“在(做)某事上花费了多少金钱或时间”。如: Don’t spend too much money on clothes.别把太多的钱花在服装上。 We spent a day in visiting the factory.我们花了一天的时间参观这个工厂。 10.look for,find 两个词都有“找”的意思。look for 强调寻找的过程;find强调找的结果。 11.listen to,hear listen to 和hear 都有“听”的意思。 listen强调听的动作,为不及物动词,与to组成固定搭配; hear强调听的结果。 12.lose,fail,beat,win lose意为“输给某人”,固定搭配为lose to sb.;fail指“失败”或“未做成某事”; beat 意为“打败”,后接sb.或某支队伍; win意为“赢得”,如赢得荣誉、地位、比赛等。 13.lose,forget,leave lose意为“丢失,遗失”; forget 意为“忘记”,“忘记要做某事”为 forget to do sth.; “leave sth.+地点状语”意为“把某物落在某处”。 14.join,take part in,attend 三者都有“参加”的意思。 join一般指加入“党派”或“组织”,如参军、入党等; take part in 指参加大型的活动; attend 一般指出席会议。 15.like,love,enjoy like,love和enjoy三个词作动词,都有“喜欢”的意思,但用法有区别。 (1)like意为“喜欢”“爱好”,指对某人或某事赞许或发生兴趣,并积极参加活动,语气较弱。后接名词、代词、动名词或不定式作宾语。 I like playing football.我喜欢踢足球。 She likes to go to the zoo with me.她喜欢和我一起去动物园。 (2)love意为“爱”,在感情上比like强烈,表示深深地爱或对异性的爱。 We love our country.我们热爱祖国。 Mothers and fathers love their children.父母爱他们的孩子。 (3)enjoy意为“喜爱”“欣赏”“享受”。指对某样东西或某件事情感觉愉快,广泛应用于从外界事物中得到喜悦,领略到乐趣。后接名词、代词或动名词作宾语,不能接不定式。 He still enjoys the changes.他仍然喜欢这些变化。 They enjoy going to the concert.他们喜欢去听音乐会。 16.hope,wish hope和wish都有“希望”的意思,但用法有区别。 (1)hope和wish后均可接动词不定式作宾语。 I hope/wish to go to college.我希望去上大学。 (2)hope和wish后均可接宾语从句。hope表示很有把握实现的愿望;而wish表示无法实现的愿望,从句要用过去时。 We hope that you agree with us.我们希望你同意我们的看法。 I wish I could fly to the moon.但愿我能飞上月球。 (3)hope后不能接“宾语+不定式”,而wish后可以。 (正)I wish her to leave now.我希望她现在离开。 (误)I hope her to leave now. (4)wish可以表示祝愿,但hope不能。 I wish you well and happy.我祝愿你健康快乐。 17.seem, look, appear seem,appear,look这三个词都作连系动词,都可以译作“似乎”或“看上去”。但用法不同。 (1)seem意为“似乎”或“看来”,指说话人以客观迹象为依据的主观的判断。 It seems a rock band plays there every evening.一个摇滚乐队似乎每天晚上在那里演奏。 It seems to me that there is something funny about the case.在我看来这件案子有点滑稽。 (2)look所表示的“看来”指从外表上看,是以视觉所接受的印象为依据的,常常是事实。 His wife was wearing a hat that looked like a lighthouse.他的妻子戴着一顶看起来好像一座灯塔的帽子。 This ring looks nice. Is it made of silver?这枚戒指很好看。它是银的吗? (3)appear指给人以表面的印象,而实际上是否如此,则不得而知。 He appears to want to leave.他看起来要走。 It appears that I am wrong.看来是我错了。 (4)seem和appear这两个词之后常常接动词不定式、形容词等作表语,也可以接that或as if从句;而look后常接形容词或介词短语作语。 It seems that he is lying.似乎他在说谎。 That looks like an interesting film.那看来是部有趣的电影。 18.receive,accept (1)receive表示“收到,接到”,指客观上收到,被动地接受。如: I received a Christmas present yesterday.昨天我收到了一份圣诞节礼物。 (2)accept意为“接受”,表示主观上的接受。如: I didn’t accept Jim’s present.我没有接受吉姆的礼物。 ◇考点 3 动词短语 考向1.同一介词/副词型 for短语 ask for 请求care for关心；关怀 leave for动身去 cheer for为……加油 pay for为……付钱 prepare for为……做准备 search for搜寻；寻找 send for派人去请stand for代表；象征 wait for等待thanks for因……而感谢 up短语 add up加起来；合计 bring up提出；养育；培养 cheer up使振奋clean up清理；打扫 use up用完；用尽 call up打电话 dress up穿上盛装；装扮eat up吃光end up最终成为；最后处于 fix up修理；修补stay up熬夜 tidy up整理；收拾grow up成长；长大hurry up赶快 out短语 blow out 吹灭 break out（战争、火灾等）突然发生；爆发 point out指出bring out使显现；使变得明显carry out 执行；贯彻 find out查明；发现 down短语 break down停止运转；出故障calm down平静下来 slow down放慢速度die down变弱；逐渐消失fall down倒塌；跌倒 knock down拆除；撞倒；击倒lie down躺下 pull down拆掉；拆毁 look down俯视；轻视 sit down坐下shut down关闭；停业 write down写下；记下 away 短语 blow away驱散；吹走 get away离开；逃脱 pass away去世 fly away飞走run away逃跑 throw away扔掉 about短语 argue about争论 bring about引起；造成 care about关心；在意 hear about听说 hang about闲逛talk about谈论think about考虑 worry about担心 at短语 aim at瞄准；旨在laugh at嘲笑 arrive at到达（小地方）knock at敲point at 指向…… smile at冲……微笑 shout at对……大喊 stare...at凝视；盯着看 off短语 run off流失；逃跑 drop off入睡；下降 fall off减少；跌落leave off停止；中断 shut off关闭；切断pay off偿清（欠款等）ring off挂断电话send off发送；邮寄 set off动身；启程show off炫耀give off（散）发出；放出（气味、热、光等） on短语 agree on就……达成共识 call on号召；拜访 depend on依靠；依赖feed on以……为食 focus on集中于hold on别挂电话；坚持keep on继续前行pass on传递 try on试穿 work on从事于；忙于 With 短语 agree with同意begin with以……开始 compare with与……相比 connect with与……相连 catch up with追上；赶上 fall in love with爱上（某人或某物） deal with解决；处理 go with伴随 play with和……一起玩 part with放弃；交出（难舍之物） stay/keep in touch with与……保持联系 share with与……分享talk with和……交谈 in短语 break in 强行闯入；打断 bring in引入 check in报到；登记 fill in填写result in导致；引起hand in上交take in吸收；收入believe in信任；信赖 考向2.同一动词型 come短语 come on 加油；快点儿 come out 出现；出版 come over顺便来访 come along 出现；进展 come up with 提出；想出 come back回来 come up出现；升起 come down落下；崩塌 come in进来 come across（偶然）遇见 come true（希望、梦想等）实现 cut短语 cut down削减；砍倒 cut up切碎 cut in插嘴 cut into侵犯；打断 cut out删去；停止 cut off切断；中断 Keep短语 keep on继续下去 keep out留在外面 keep away from远离 keep off使……不接近 keep up with 跟上 keep in touch with和……保持联系 look短语 look at看look after 照顾；照料 look into调查 look out当心；留神look up查阅；查找 look for寻找；盼望 look around环顾look over查看；检查look through浏览 look back回顾look up to尊敬；钦佩 look forward to盼望look out for留心；注意察看 look like看起来像 put短语 put up举起；搭建；张贴 put down写下；放下 put back把……放回原处put into注入；投入put away放好put on穿上；上演；增加put out熄灭put off推迟put through接通（电话） turn短语 turn over翻身；（使）翻转turn out结果是；证明是turn on打开（电灯等）turn off关闭（电灯等）turn away把……拒之门外turn up开大；调高turn down调低，关小；拒绝 turn in上交；归还 turn to求助于turn around（使）转身 get短语 get up起床get on上车（船、飞机等）get off下车（船、飞机等）get down下来 get into进入；陷入 get to到达 get back回来 go短语 go on继续go away走开；离开；消失 go ahead 进行；前进go along继续前进；沿着……走 go by（时间）流逝 go over复习；仔细检查go off 爆炸；（警报等）响 go down下降go up上升；增长go out 熄灭；出去（娱乐）go through通过 go back返回 give短语 give up放弃give in屈服；让步give away捐赠；泄露give out散发；分发give over停止；交出give back归还；恢复 take短语 take up占用；开始从事 take down写下；记下take away带走；拿走take over接收；接管 take out拿出；除去；扣除take care of照顾take place举行；发生take pride in以……为傲 take part in参加take after（在外貌、性格等方面）与（父母等）相像 take the place of 代替 考向3 混合型 混合辨析，即选项通常设置为“不同动词+不同介词/副词”，需要考生熟记动词短语。 1．Many young students want to be famous and popular. But to make this dream come true, they really ______ a lot of talent and hard work. A．create B．behave C．manage D．require 【答案】D 【解析】句意：许多年轻学生想出名和受欢迎。但为了实现这个梦想，他们真的需要很多天赋和努力工作。 考查动词辨析。create创造；behave表现；manage管理；require需要。根据“But to make this dream come true, they really...a lot of talent and hard work.”可知实现梦想需要天赋和努力工作，故选D。 2．In science class, we ________ the burning candle with a glass cup to see the changes. A．filled B．compared C．covered D．mixed 【答案】C 【解析】句意：在科学课上，我们用一个玻璃杯覆盖燃烧的蜡烛来观察变化。 考查动词辨析。filled填满；compared比较；covered覆盖；mixed混合。根据“In science class, we…the burning candle with a glass cup to see the changes.”可知，此处为科学实验场景，应是覆盖蜡烛可观察燃烧变化（如氧气耗尽导致火焰熄灭等），covered符合语境。故选C。 3．—Scientists are working hard to ________ a new way to solve the energy problem. —That’s great! We really need more clean energy sources. A．discover B．control C．increase D．cancel 【答案】A 【解析】句意：——科学家们正在努力找到解决能源问题的新方法。——太棒了！我们真的需要更多的清洁能源。 考查动词辨析。discover发现，找到；control控制；increase增加；cancel取消。根据“a new way to solve the energy problem.”可知，此处是在描述科学家们正在努力找到解决能源问题的新方法，所以应该用discover，表示“发现，找到”新方法。故选A。 4．—The human-like robot can run faster than a person. That’s amazing! —Yes. Scientists design different programs to ________ it, which shows the power of technology. A．control B．discover C．encourage D．describe 【答案】A 【解析】句意：——这款类人机器人比人跑得还快，太神奇了！——是的。科学家设计不同的程序来控制它，这显示了科技的力量。 考查动词辨析。control控制；discover发现；encourage鼓励；describe描述。根据“Scientists design different programs to…it”可知，科学家设计程序的目的是为了控制机器人的行为。故选A。 5．—I suppose we’re going to plant trees next week. —Fantastic! Planting trees is a lot of fun. I’d like to ________ you. A．visit B．join C．pick D．accept 【答案】B 【解析】句意：——我想我们下周将去种树。——太棒了！种树很有趣。我想加入你们。 考查动词辨析。visit参观；join加入；pick采摘；accept接受。根据“Planting trees is a lot of fun”可知，由于种树有趣，所以想参与种树活动。故选B。 6．—I’m sorry I _______ my homework at home. —Don’t forget _______ it to school tomorrow. A．left; to bring B．forgot; to take C．left; bringing D．forgot; taking 【答案】A 【解析】句意：——很抱歉，我把作业落在家里了。 ——明天别忘了把它带到学校来。 考查非谓语动词。leave“遗留”；forget“忘记”；bring“带来”；take“拿走”。第一空，根据“… my homework at home”可知，此处是指把作业落在家里了，考查leave sth.+地点“把某物落在某地”，固定搭配，leave的过去式为left，排除B和D；第二空，根据“Don’t forget … it to school tomorrow.”可知，此处是指不要忘记明天把它带到学校，是还没做的事，考查forget to do sth.“忘记去做某事”，固定搭配，应用动词不定式to bring，排除C。故选A。 7．They ________ many happy hours ________ along the beach during the holiday. A．spent; to walk B．paid; walk C．cost; walking D．spent; walking 【答案】D 【解析】句意：假日期间，他们沿着海滩散步，度过了许多快乐的时光。 考查动词辨析和非谓语动词。spent花费，主语是人；cost花费，主语是人；paid付款，主语是人。根据“They … many happy hours … along the beach”可知，主语是人，需用spend表示“花费时间”，且“spend time (in) doing”为固定搭配，故用walking。故选D。 8．There is something wrong with his computer. He plans to ________ it this afternoon. A．use B．repair C．delete D．notice 【答案】B 【解析】句意：他的电脑出问题了。他计划今天下午修理它。 考查动词辨析。use使用；repair修理；delete删除；notice注意。根据前文“There is something wrong with his computer.”可知，他的电脑出问题了，所以需要“修理”电脑，“repair”意为“修理；修复”。故选B。 9．Before visiting a foreign country, you’d better ________ what the local people usually do, so you will know the country better. A．check B．doubt C．practise D．decide 【答案】A 【解析】句意：在访问外国之前，你最好了解一下当地人通常会做什么，这样你会更了解这个国家。 考查动词辨析。check检查、核实、了解；doubt怀疑；practise练习；decide决定。根据“Before visiting a foreign country”及“know the country better”可知，此处表示“提前了解当地习俗”，应用check表示“核实、了解”，故选A。 10．—I heard the Chinese diving team ________ all 9 gold medals. —Amazing! They made history again. A．lost B．swept C．hit D．manage 【答案】B 【解析】句意：——我听说中国跳水队获得了全部9枚金牌。——太惊人了！他们再次创造了历史。     考查动词辨析。lost丢失，输掉；swept横扫，席卷；hit打击；manage设法完成，管理。根据“Amazing! They made history again.”可知，此处表示中国跳水队获得了全部9枚金牌，swept常用于表示“包揽全部奖项”，符合“获得全部9枚金牌”的语义。故选B。 11．I’d like to be a volunteer. Could you please ______ my name to the list? A．present B．replace C．keep D．add 【答案】D 【解析】句意：我想当志愿者。你能把我的名字加到名单上吗？ 考查动词辨析。present呈现；replace替代；keep保持；add添加。根据“I’d like to be a volunteer”可知自己想要当志愿者，所以请求把自己的名字添加到名单上。故选D。 12．Put on your gloves! Snow is very cold and it can ________ your hands. A．hurt B．wash C．warm D．protect 【答案】A 【解析】句意：——戴上你的手套！雪非常冷，它会伤到你的手。 考查动词辨析。hurt伤害；wash清洗；warm使温暖；protect保护。根据“Snow is very cold”可知，雪很冷，如果不戴手套会伤害手，故选A。 13．Nothing can make him ________ his mind. A．change B．changes C．changed D．to change 【答案】A 【解析】句意：没有什么能让他改变主意。 考查非谓语动词。make sb. do sth.为固定搭配，意为“让某人做某事”，其中make为使役动词，后面接不带to的动词原形作宾语补足语，所以此处应用change。故选A。 14．—What a nice car! When ________ you ________ it? —Yesterday. It’s my birthday gift. A．have; bought B．did; buy C．are; buying D．will; buy 【答案】B 【解析】句意：——多漂亮的一辆车啊！你什么时候买的它？——昨天。它是我的生日礼物。 考查动词时态。根据下文“Yesterday”可知，上文问的是过去什么时候买的，应用一般过去时，疑问句中助动词用did，后面的动词用原形buy。故选B。 15．This song ________ very beautiful. Many people like listening to it. A．sounds B．feels C．smells D．tastes 【答案】A 【解析】句意：这首歌听起来非常美妙。很多人喜欢听它。 考查感官动词辨析。sounds听起来；feels感觉起来；smells闻起来；tastes尝起来。根据“This song”可知，歌曲是通过听觉来感受的，所以用“sounds”来表示“听起来”。故选A。 16．Grandma called us on her trip to the Palace Museum and she sounded ________ on the phone. A．happy B．happily C．happiness D．unhappily 【答案】A 【解析】句意：奶奶在去故宫的路上打电话给我们，她在电话里听起来很高兴。 考查感官动词的用法。happy高兴的，形容词；happily高兴地，副词；happiness高兴，名词；unhappily不高兴地，副词。感官动词（如sound、look、feel）表示主语的状态或特征时，后接形容词作表语，而非副词或名词。本句中“sounded”描述主语“she”的状态，应选形容词。故选A。 17．—Hurry up and we can ________ before lunchtime. —OK, let’s try to ________ the hall early to cheer for the players. A．arrive; arrive B．reach; reach C．get; arrive at D．arrive; reach 【答案】D 【解析】句意：——快点，我们可以在午饭前到达。——好的，让我们早点到大厅为运动员们加油。 考查动词辨析。arrive到达，不及物动词；reach到达，及物动词；get得到；arrive at到达，其后接小地点。根据“Hurry up and we can…before lunchtime.”可知，此处指“我们”可以在午饭前到达，空后未接宾语，空处应用不及物动词，应用arrive，排除B选项和C选项；根据“let’s try to…the hall early to cheer for the players”可知，此处指到达大厅，空后有宾语“the hall”，空处应用及物动词reach。故选D。 18．—Hurry up! The basketball game ________ for 15 minutes! —I’m so sorry for being late. A．has been on B．began C．has begun 【答案】A 【解析】句意：——快点！篮球比赛已经开始15分钟了！——我很抱歉迟到了。 考查时态及延续性动词。根据“for 15 minutes”可知，表示动作持续一段时间，句子应用现在完成时“have/has+动词过去分词”，主语为“The basketball game”，助动词用has，并且句中动词需用延续性动词。begin为非延续性动词，不能与时间段连用；has been on表示“已经进行”，是延续性短语。故选A。 19．Ben’s dog ________ for more than a month, but he is still very sad. A．is dead B．has died C．has been dead 【答案】C 【解析】句意：本的狗已经死了一个多月了，但他仍然很伤心。 考查动词时态。根据“for more than a month”可知，此处应用现在完成时，且谓语动词需用延续性动词；die是短暂性动词，其延续性表达为be dead，此处用has been dead。故选C。 20．—Tom, may I use my dictionary? You ________ it for several days. —Of course, I’m sorry. I really need it for my homework now. A．have bought B．have kept C．have borrowed 【答案】B 【解析】句意：——Tom，我可以用我的字典吗？你已经借了好几天了。——当然，对不起。我现在真的需要它做作业。 考查延续性动词：have bought已经买了，是瞬间动词，不能与表示一段时间的状语连用；have kept一直拿着/保留，是延续性动词，可与for several days连用；have borrowed已经借了，是瞬间动词，不能表示持续状态。根据“for several days”可知，需用延续性动词，故选B。 ◇突破 1 单项填空中的动词考查 典例1—How often should I water the trees? —Once a week. They don’t ________ too much water. A．produce B．require C．discover D．waste 【答案】B 【解析】句意：——我应该多久浇一次树？——一周一次。它们不需要太多的水。 考查动词辨析。produce生产；require需要；discover发现；waste浪费。根据“Once a week.”可知，此处表示一周浇一次水，说明它们不需要太多水，所以应该用require。故选B。 变式1—The traffic accident __________ from the driver’s careless use of his mobile phone. —That’s a good reminder for us all to drive safely. A．resulted B．caused C．differed D．suffered 【答案】A 【解析】句意：——这起交通事故是由于司机粗心使用手机造成的。——这对我们所有人来说都是一个安全驾驶的好提醒。 考查动词辨析。resulted（与from连用）起因于/源于；caused导致；differed不同；suffered遭受。result from是固定短语，意为“由……引起；起因于”；cause常用cause sth.或cause sb. to do sth.结构；题干表示事故由司机玩手机引起，故选A。 ◇突破 2 词语运用/用所给词适当形式填空中的动词考查 典例2Justin might not go with us. It on how busy he is. (independent) 【答案】depends 【解析】句意：贾斯汀可能不会和我们一起去。这取决于他有多忙。空格处需填入谓语动词，构成短语depend on“取决于”。independent是形容词，意为“独立的”，其动词形式为depend。此处主语是“It”，时态为一般现在时，谓语动词需用第三人称单数形式。故填depends。 变式2The sunny days us to go traveling to faraway places in autumn. (able) 【答案】enable 【解析】句意：晴朗的日子使我们能够在秋天去遥远的地方旅行。根据句子结构，这里需要一个动词来连接主语“The sunny days”和宾语“us”，表示“使……能够”的意思。而“able”是一个形容词，意为“能够的”，其动词形式为“enable”，意为“使能够”，时态为一般现在时，主语是复数，动词用原形。故填enable。 ◇突破 3 完形填空中的动词考查 Once upon a time, there was a king who lost his left leg and one eye during a war. Even with these 1 , his wisdom (智慧) and kindness made him a great king in his country. One day, the king saw the 2 of his ancestors (祖先) on the walls. He imagined that one day his children would 3 him by his picture as well. He really wanted to have it painted well. However, he wasn’t sure what his painting would be like because of his look. So he 4 many famous painters to the palace. All the painters began to wonder how to paint the king. They soon decided that it was a(n) 5 task. They feared that if the king was unhappy with their pictures, they would get 6 . So, one by one, they started making excuses and 7 politely. Then, one painter named Tom said that he wanted to have a try. The king agreed. Tom started drawing and coloring the picture 8 in a quiet room. After some time, he finally finished it. When Tom showed the picture, everyone, including the king, was 9 . In the picture, the king was sitting on a horse, showing the one-legged side, holding his bow and aiming the arrow with his one eye closed. The king was very happy to see this 10 picture and gave Tom a lot of money. 1．A．decisions B．instructions C．advantages D．challenges 2．A．pictures B．words C．discoveries D．objects 3．A．control B．warn C．remember D．protect 4．A．cheered B．invited C．discussed D．understood 5．A．simple B．boring C．ancient D．impossible 6．A．encouraged B．punished C．expected D．believed 7．A．refused B．compared C．accepted D．sold 8．A．recently B．angrily C．carefully D．loudly 9．A．amazed B．sad C．worried D．tired 10．A．ugly B．strange C．fantastic D．missing 【答案】 1．D 2．A 3．C 4．B 5．D 6．B 7．A 8．C 9．A 10．C 【解析】本文主要讲述了一位在战争中失去左腿和一只眼睛的国王，想让人画自己的画像，很多画家因担心国王不满意画像而受到惩罚而拒绝，最后画家汤姆接受挑战，画出了让国王满意的画像并获得很多钱。 1．句意：即使有这些挑战，他的智慧和善良仍使他成为自己国家里一位伟大的国王。 decisions决定；instructions指令；advantages优势；challenges挑战。根据“who lost his left leg and one eye during a war”可知，国王在战争中失去了左腿和一只眼睛，所以是有这些挑战，故选D。 2．句意：一天，国王看到墙上他祖先的画像。 pictures画像；words话语；discoveries发现；objects物体。根据“by his picture as well”可知，此处指祖先的画像，故选A。 3．句意：他想象着有一天他的孩子们也会通过他的画像记住他。 control控制；warn警告；remember记住；protect保护。根据“He imagined that one day his children would...him by his picture as well.”可知，是通过画像记住他，故选C。 4．句意：所以他邀请了许多著名的画家到宫殿来。 cheered欢呼；invited邀请；discussed讨论；understood理解。根据“many famous painters to the palace”可知，是邀请画家到宫殿，故选B。 5．句意：他们很快决定这是一项不可能完成的任务。 simple简单的；boring无聊的；ancient古老的；impossible不可能的。根据“They feared that if the king was unhappy with their pictures”可知，画家们担心国王不满意画像，所以觉得这是不可能完成的任务，故选D。 6．句意：他们担心如果国王对他们的画不满意，他们会受到惩罚。 encouraged鼓励；punished惩罚；expected期待；believed相信。根据“if the king was unhappy with their pictures”可知，国王不满意会惩罚他们，故选B。 7．句意：所以，他们一个接一个地开始找借口，礼貌地拒绝了。 refused拒绝；compared比较；accepted接受；sold卖。根据“they started making excuses”可知，找借口拒绝，故选A。 8．句意：汤姆在一个安静的房间里仔细地开始画画和上色。 recently最近；angrily生气地；carefully仔细地；loudly大声地。根据“Tom started drawing and coloring the picture...in a quiet room.”可知，是仔细地画画，故选C。 9．句意：当汤姆展示这幅画时，包括国王在内的每个人都感到惊讶。 amazed惊讶的；sad悲伤的；worried担心的；tired疲惫的。根据“In the picture, the king was sitting on a horse, showing the one-legged side, holding his bow and aiming the arrow with his one eye closed.”可知，画的内容很特别，所以大家很惊讶，故选A。 10.句意：国王看到这幅奇妙的画非常高兴，给了汤姆很多钱。 ugly丑陋的；strange奇怪的；fantastic奇妙的；missing丢失的。根据“The king was very happy”可知，国王很高兴，说明画很奇妙，故选C。 ◇突破 4 语法填空中的动词考查 When I first began my journey of learning Chinese, I was greeted by a world where everything seemed new and different. The Chinese characters 1 like little pictures, and I couldn’t understand a single one. Thankfully, my teacher Mr. Li, made it easy for 2 . He used colorful flashcards to introduce simple words like “ni hao” and “xie xie”. We also played games in class to remember the words. One of my favorite games 3 “Simon Says” in Chinese. Mr. Li would say something, and we had to follow his instructions (指令). Gradually, I started recognizing (认出) 4 and more Chinese words. Mr. Li taught us how to 5 from one to ten, and we also learned some animals’ names. One day, Mr. Li organized a field trip to Chinatown. The streets were 6 with colorful signs and delicious smells. We got to try some traditional Chinese food. I even practiced ordering food in Chinese. It was 7 to use the words I had learned. As time went by, my understanding of Chinese improved. I could have simple 8 with my Chinese friends at school. We exchanged (交换) words in both English and Chinese. It was like having a secret language between us. Learning Chinese has 9 up a new world for me. I can now read simple stories and understand Chinese culture better. It’s been a fun journey, and I can’t 10 to continue learning and discovering more about this beautiful language. 【答案】 1．looked 2．me 3．was 4．more 5．count 6．filled 7．amazing 8．conversations 9．opened 10．wait 【解析】本文主要讲述了作者学习中文的经历，包括最初对中文感到陌生，以及在李老师的帮助下，通过使用彩色抽认卡、课堂游戏和实地考察唐人街等教学方法，逐渐对中文产生兴趣并取得进步的过程。 1．句意：这些汉字看起来像小图画，我一个字都听不懂。根据“like little pictures,”可知，这些汉字看起来像小图画，look like看起来像，此处用过去式。故填looked。 2．句意：幸运的是，我的老师李先生让它们变得对我来说很容易。根据“When I first began my journey of learning Chinese,”可知，此处指的是对我来说很容易，用宾格代词me。故填me。 3．句意：我最喜欢的游戏之一是中文版的《西蒙说》。根据“One of my favorite games”可知，主语是单数，时态为一般过去式，因此be动词用was。故填was。 4．句意：渐渐地，我开始认出越来越多的中文单词。根据“and more Chinese words.”可知，此处指我开始认出越来越多的中文单词，more and more越来越多。故填more。 5．句意：李老师教我们如何从一数到十，我们还学了一些动物的名字。根据“from one to ten,”可知，此处指教我们如何从一数到十，count意为“数数”，to后跟动词原形。故填count。 6．句意：街道上到处都是五颜六色的标志和美味的气味。根据“with colorful signs and delicious smells.”可知，此处指街道上到处都是五颜六色的标志，be filled with意为“充满”。故填filled。 7．句意：使用我学到的单词真是太棒了。根据“to use the words I had learned.”可知，此处指令人惊喜的是使用我学到的单词。此处用形容词amazing。故填amazing。 8．句意：我可以和学校里的中国朋友进行简单的对话。根据“with my Chinese friends at school.”可知，此处指我可以和学校里的中国朋友进行简单的对话，conversation意为“会话”，这里用复数。故填conversations。 9．句意：学习中文为我打开了一个新世界。根据“up a new world for me.”可知，此处指学习中文为我打开了一个新世界，open up意为“打开”，这里是现在完成时，用过去分词。故填opened。 10．句意：这是一次有趣的旅程，我迫不及待地想继续学习和发现更多关于这种美丽语言的知识。根据“I can’t…to continue learning”可知，这里是我迫不及待地想继续学习，can’t wait to迫不及待地。故填wait。 ◇难点 1 延续性动词与非延续性动词 典例1—Has he returned the book to the library? —No. He has ______ it for one week. A．borrowed B．lent C．kept D．bought 【答案】C 【解析】句意：——他把书还给图书馆了吗？——不，他已经保存了一个星期。 考查动词辨析。borrowed借入，短暂性动词；lent借出，短暂性动词；kept保留，延续性动词；bought购买，短暂性动词。根据“He has ... it for one week.”可知，此句为现在完成时，应该用延续性动词kept，表示将书保留一个星期。故选C。 变式1 —How long have you owned this soft toy? —I _______ it since I was six years old. A．have bought B．have had C．have borrowed D．have lent 【答案】B 【解析】句意：——你拥有这个毛绒玩具多久了？——自从我六岁起我就拥有它了。 考查延续性动词和非延续性动词。have bought已经买了，非延续性动词；have had已经拥有，延续性动词；have borrowed已经借入，非延续性动词；have lent已经借出，非延续性动词。根据“How long have you owned this soft toy?”和“since I was six years old”可知，此处需要表示“持续拥有”的动词，buy, borrow和lend是非延续性动词，不能与“since+时间点”连用，故选B。 ◇难点 2 动词词义辨析 典例2 —How often should I water the trees? —Once a week. They don’t ________ too much water. A．produce B．require C．discover D．waste 【答案】B 【解析】句意：——我应该多久浇一次树？——一周一次。它们不需要太多的水。 考查动词辨析。produce生产；require需要；discover发现；waste浪费。根据“Once a week.”可知，此处表示一周浇一次水，说明它们不需要太多水，所以应该用require。故选B。 变式2 —He seems terribly ill. I’m afraid we have to take him to hospital right now. —I don’t think it ________. Maybe he’s just caught a cold. A．works B．matters C．cares D．minds 【答案】B 【解析】句意：——他似乎病得很重。恐怕我们必须立即送他到医院。——我认为不要紧。也许他只是感冒了。 考查动词辨析。works工作；matters要紧；cares关心；minds介意。根据“Maybe he’s just caught a cold.”可知，此处表示“不要紧”。故选B。 ◇难点 3 动词短语 典例3Mr. Clark ________ the electricity as quickly as possible when he saw the fire on the machine. A．turned off B．took off C．got off D．set off 【答案】A 【解析】句意：当Clark先生看到机器着火时，他尽可能快地关闭了电源。 考查动词短语。turned off关闭；took off脱掉；got off下车；set off出发。根据“Mr. Clark...the electricity as quickly as possible when he saw the fire on the machine”可知，机器着火，应关闭电源。故选A。 变式3—What did the doctor say just now? —The doctor suggested that we’d better not ________ late even on holiday. A．cheer up B．stay out C．stay up D．come up 【答案】C 【解析】句意：——医生刚才说了什么？——医生建议我们即使在假期也最好不要熬夜。 考查动词短语。cheer up振作起来；stay out待在外面；stay up熬夜；come up出现。根据“we’d better not ... late even on holiday.”可知，医生是建议我们在假期也最好不要熬夜。故选C。 一、单项选择 1．（2025·西藏·中考真题）It often ________ me 50 minutes to finish this kind of paper cutting. A．takes B．costs C．pays D．spends 【答案】A 【解析】句意：我经常花50分钟来完成这种剪纸。 考查动词辨析。takes花费，常用于it固定句型；costs花费，物作主语；pays支付，人作主语；spends花费，人作主语。该句考查“It takes sb (time) to do sth”是固定句型，表示“做某事花费某人多少时间”。故选A。 2．（2025·江苏无锡·中考真题）And I ________ you should try the colour therapy. Colours have amazing power. A．support B．suggest C．imagine D．introduce 【答案】B 【解析】句意：我建议你应该试试色彩疗法。颜色有惊人的力量。 考查动词辨析。support支持；suggest建议；imagine想象；introduce介绍。根据“you should try the colour therapy”可知，建议试试色彩疗法，此处为提出建议。故选B。 3．（2025·江苏无锡·中考真题）You’re welcome! ________ you good luck! A．Give B．Make C．Hope D．Wish 【答案】D 【解析】句意：不客气！祝你好运！ 考查动词辨析。Give给；Make使，制造；Hope希望；Wish祝愿。根据“you good luck!”可知，此处是wish sb sth“祝愿某人某事”。故选D。 4．（2025·江苏南通·中考真题）—Millie, can you ________ the cranes for us? —OK. They are tall and have long legs and a long neck. A．count B．describe C．raise D．protect 【答案】B 【解析】句意：——米莉，你能为我们描述一下鹤吗？——好的。它们很高，腿很长，脖子很长。 考查动词辨析。count数数；describe描述；raise提升；protect保护。根据“They are tall and have long legs and a long neck.”可知此处是在描述鹤的外形特征。故选B。 5．（2025·江苏徐州·中考真题）—Zhu Yangzhu was ________ with the China Youth May Fourth Medal in 2023. —Congratulations! He is the pride of Peixian, Xuzhou. A．presented B．provided C．prepared D．promised 【答案】A 【解析】句意：——朱杨柱在2023年被授予了“中国青年五四奖章”。——恭喜！他是徐州沛县的骄傲。 考查动词辨析。presented授予，颁发；provided提供，供应；prepared准备；promised承诺。根据答语“Congratulations! He is the pride of Peixian, Xuzhou.”可知，他是沛县的骄傲，因此这里是指“被授予奖章”是一个光荣的、值得祝贺的事件；考查be presented with“被授予 (奖项、荣誉等)”，动词短语。故选A。 6．（2025·四川乐山·中考真题）Could you please ________ it again? I didn’t quite catch that. A．talk B．say C．tell 【答案】B 【解析】句意：你能请再把它说一遍吗？我没有完全听清楚。 考查动词辨析。talk谈话；say说；tell告诉。根据“Could you please … it again? I didn’t quite catch that.”可知，此处指的是没有听清说话的内容，希望对方再说一遍，因此用say。故选B。 7．（2025·四川乐山·中考真题）Some people eat with their eyes, so they like to order what ________ nice. A．looks B．smells C．tastes 【答案】A 【解析】句意：有些人用眼睛吃饭，所以他们喜欢点看起来不错的菜。 考查动词辨析。looks看起来；smells闻起来；tastes尝起来。根据“Some people eat with their eyes, so they like to order what...nice”可知有些人用眼睛吃饭，所以他们喜欢点看起来不错的菜。故选A。 8．（2025·湖北武汉·中考真题）—Why do you often wear white clothes in summer? —Clothes of this color ________ the heat, so I don’t feel that hot. A．spread B．reflect C．increase D．bring 【答案】B 【解析】句意：——你为什么夏天经常穿白色的衣服？——这种颜色的衣服能反射热量，所以我不觉得那么热。 考查动词辨析。spread传播；reflect反射；increase增加；bring带来。根据“the heat, so I don’t feel that hot.”可知可以反射热量，所以不觉得热。故选B。 9．（2025·湖北武汉·中考真题）—Who is________ the way in the race? —Xiaoming. He runs the fastest in our class. A．watching B．planning C．leading D．showing 【答案】C 【解析】句意：——谁在比赛中领先？——小明。他在我们班跑得最快。 考查动词辨析。watching观看；planning计划；leading领先，领路；showing展示。根据“…the way in the race”及“He runs the fastest”可知，此处指在比赛中处于领先地位。故选C。 10．（2025·福建·中考真题）—I’d like to travel to Shandong. —Mount Taishan is a place of interest. You can’t ________ it. A．miss B．reach C．change 【答案】A 【解析】句意：——我想去山东旅游。——泰山是一座名胜古迹。您一定不能错过它。 考查动词辨析。miss错过；reach到达；change改变。根据“Mount Taishan is a place of interest. You can’t ... it.”可知，不能错过去泰山，故选A。 11．（2025·黑龙江绥化·中考真题）On the Dragon Boat Festival, my mother cooked delicious zongzi and ________ them on the plate. A．laid B．lay C．lain 【答案】A 【解析】句意：端午节，我妈妈做了美味的粽子，把它们摆放在盘子里。 考查动词辨析和时态。laid摆放，lay的过去式；lay平躺，lie的过去式/放置，动词原形；lain躺下，lie的过去分词。根据“them on the plate”可知是把粽子摆放在盘子里，根据“cooked”可知句子用一般过去时，故用lay的过去式laid。故选A。 12．（2025·吉林·中考真题）The earth is our home. Everyone should begin with small things to ________ it. A．protect B．move C．leave 【答案】A 【解析】句意：地球是我们的家。每个人都应该从小事开始保护它。 考查动词辨析。protect保护；move移动；leave离开。根据“The earth is our home. Everyone should begin with small things to…”可知，此处指人们应该从小事做起保护地球。故选A。 13．（2025·甘肃白银·中考真题）It seems that ________ is a worldwide way to greet someone for the first time. A．kissing B．hugging C．bowing D．shaking hands 【答案】D 【解析】句意：似乎握手是全世界第一次和人打招呼的方式。 考查动词辨析。kiss亲吻；hug拥抱；bow鞠躬；shake hands握手。根据“ greet someone for the first time”和常识可知，第一次见面最常见的是握手。故选D。 14．（2025·黑龙江绥化·中考真题）It’s our duty to protect the nature because it ________ us with fresh air and clean water. A．provides B．compares C．refuses 【答案】A 【解析】句意：保护自然是我们的责任，因为它为我们提供了新鲜空气和清洁的水。 考查动词辨析。provides提供；compares比较；refuses拒绝。根据“us with fresh air and clean water.”可知自然为我们提供了新鲜空气和清洁的水。故选A。 15．（2025·黑龙江·中考真题）China has made great achievements in protecting pandas. The number of wild pandas has ________ a lot. A．helped B．increased C．protected 【答案】B 【解析】句意：中国在保护大熊猫方面取得了巨大成就。野生大熊猫的数量增加了很多。 考查动词辨析。helped帮助；increased增加；protected保护。根据“China has made great achievements in protecting pandas. The number of wild pandas has”可知是野生大熊猫的数量增加了很多。故选B。 16．（2025·天津·中考真题）When David sees these postcards, he will ________ his wonderful travel experiences. A．remember B．borrow C．hate D．trust 【答案】A 【解析】句意：当大卫看到这些明信片时，他就会想起自己那美妙的旅行经历。 考查动词辨析。remember记得；borrow借；hate讨厌；trust信任。根据“When David sees these postcards, he will ... his wonderful travel experiences.”可知，当大卫看到这些明信片时，他就会想起自己那美妙的旅行经历。故选A。 17．（2025·江西·中考真题）Mozart ______ many pieces of beautiful music. That’s why he is so famous. A．enjoyed B．created C．bought D．heard 【答案】B 【解析】句意：莫扎特创作许多美妙的音乐作品。这就是他如此出名的原因。 考查动词辨析。enjoyed 享受；created 创作；bought 购买；heard 听到。根据“...many pieces of beautiful music. That’s why he is so famous.”可知，莫扎特是因为创作音乐而出名，故选B。 18．（2025·甘肃白银·中考真题）A low-fat diet can ________ the risk of heart disease. A．help B．reduce C．encourage D．support 【答案】B 【解析】句意：低脂饮食可以降低患心脏病的风险。 考查动词辨析。help帮助；reduce减少；encourage鼓励；support支持。根据“A low-fat diet can...the risk of heart disease.”可知，低脂饮食可以降低得心脏病的风险。故选B。 19．（2025·安徽·中考真题）Paper-cutting is not easy to learn. It ________ much practice, patience and imagination. A．explains B．supports C．provides D．requires 【答案】D 【解析】句意：剪纸并不容易学。它需要大量的练习、耐心和想象力。 考查动词辨析。explains解释；supports支持；provides提供；requires需要，要求。根据“Paper-cutting is not easy to learn. It...much practice, patience and imagination.”可知，学习剪纸需要大量的练习、耐心和想象力。故选D。 20．（2025·江苏连云港·中考真题）New types of energy from the sun, wind and water ________ little pollution and will never run out. A．burn B．recycle C．separate D．produce 【答案】D 【解析】句意：来自太阳、风能和水能的新型能源几乎不会产生污染，而且永远不会耗尽。 考查动词辨析。burn燃烧；recycle回收；separate分开；produce产生。根据“little pollution and will never run out.”可知新型能源几乎不会产生污染。故选D。 二、完形填空 （2025·湖北武汉·中考真题）“Why did we pick today for this? I should be staying at home, having a birthday party, and lots of birthday gifts are waiting for me!” I said to Dad, a little upset. Six miles into our bird-watching trip in Happy Forest Park, we were in 1 . In the morning, we set out in 2 weather. Birds were singing along the way while we enjoyed the sunshine. But storm clouds came unexpectedly. “I checked the weather, but the app didn’t 3 us,” Dad explained. Mom comforted me. “Don’t worry, and maybe you’ll get a nicer 4 for your birthday.” “Really?” I forced a smile. “Find shelter (遮蔽)!” Dad shouted as the heavy rain poured down. We 5 a rest area nearby and rushed there. The wind blew hard and I felt cold. I found I’d forgotten to take my emergency rescue blanket (紧急救生毯) when I 6 my bag. “Ta-da! Look! ” Dad pulled out a blanket from his bag and put it over us. “Let’s 7 ,” he added. Mom brought out a packet of cookies. “ 8 makes everything better,” she said, passing them around. Her calmness helped me breathe 9 . Half an hour passed, but the rain didn’t stop. We had to 10 the trip and return. The ground was wet, so Dad kept reminding us to be slow and 11 . He suggested we hold on to the trees in order not to 12 . The sky grew dark, so we couldn’t see the road clearly. “Are we… 13 ?” I asked. Dad took out a compass (指南针) from his magic bag. “See this? Always 14 one,” he said, “North is that way.” Then he guided us with a flashlight. We finally got to the car park and drove home safely. On arriving home, we got into warm clothes. “The weather in the mountains changes anytime. Luckily, with good 15 , we made the trip safe and sound. High five!” Dad said while we were drinking hot chocolate. “And this unusual trip is the best birthday gift I got today,” I smiled to Mom. 1．A．joy B．peace C．trouble D．place 2．A．sunny B．cloudy C．snowy D．rainy 3．A．warn B．greet C．cheat D．fail 4．A．cake B．course C．program D．gift 5．A．missed B．noticed C．built D．reached 6．A．closed B．searched C．dropped D．tidied 7．A．shout B．jump C．share D．continue 8．A．Medicine B．Drink C．Exercise D．Food 9．A．rapidly B．loudly C．easily D．heavily 10．A．wait for B．take up C．pay for D．give up 11．A．careful B．friendly C．silent D．active 12．A．sit B．sleep C．fall D．run 13．A．lost B．hurt C．busy D．late 14．A．buy B．borrow C．raise D．pack 15．A．imagination B．preparation C．invitation D．situation 【答案】 1．C 2．A 3．A 4．D 5．B 6．B 7．C 8．D 9．C 10．D 11．A 12．C 13．A 14．D 15．B 【解析】本文主要介绍了作者在生日当天本想收礼物，却因一场突如其来的暴雨在观鸟途中陷入险境，凭借爸爸的充足准备与全家互助合作，作者最终安全返家。 1．句意：我们已经深入快乐森林公园的观鸟之旅六英里，却陷入了麻烦。 joy快乐；peace和平；trouble麻烦；place地方。根据“But storm clouds came unexpectedly.”可知发生了暴风雨，所以是陷入了麻烦。故选C。 2．句意：早晨，我们出发时天气晴朗。 sunny晴朗的；cloudy多云的；snowy下雪的；rainy下雨的。根据“while we enjoyed the sunshine”可知是天气晴朗。故选A。 3．句意：我查了天气，可应用程序并没有警告我们。 warn警告；greet问候；cheat欺骗；fail失败。根据“I checked the weather, but the app didn’t...us”可知应用程序没有警告他们有暴风雨。故选A。 4．句意：别担心，也许你今天会得到一个更棒的礼物。 cake蛋糕；course课程；program节目；gift礼物。根据“for your birthday”可知是生日礼物。故选D。 5．句意：我们注意到附近的一个休息区并冲进去。 missed错过；noticed注意到；built建造；reached到达。根据“a rest area nearby and rushed there”可知是注意到附近有一个休息区。故选B。 6．句意：我翻包时才发现自己忘了带紧急救生毯。 closed关闭；searched搜索；dropped掉落；tidied整理。根据“my bag.”可知是在包里搜寻时，发现自己忘了带紧急救生毯。故选B。 7．句意：咱们一起分享吧。 shout喊叫；jump跳跃；share分享；continue继续。根据“Dad pulled out a blanket from his bag and put it over us”可知是他们一家人共用一个毯子。故选C。 8．句意：食物能让一切变得更好。 Medicine药物；Drink饮料；Exercise锻炼；Food食物。根据“Mom brought out a packet of cookies”可知食物让一切变得更好。故选D。 9．句意：她的冷静使我呼吸顺畅。 rapidly迅速地；loudly大声地；easily容易地；heavily沉重地。根据“Her calmness helped me breathe”可知妈妈很镇定，这让作者呼吸顺畅，easily符合语境。故选C。 10．句意：我们只得放弃行程，往回走。 wait for等待；take up占据；pay for支付；give up放弃。根据“Half an hour passed, but the rain didn’t stop”可知雨没有停止，所以放弃了旅行。故选D。 11．句意：地面湿滑，爸爸不断提醒我们要慢而小心。 careful小心的；friendly友好的；silent安静的；active积极的。根据“The ground was wet, so Dad kept reminding us to be slow and”可知地面湿滑，所以要小心。故选A。 12．句意：他建议我们抓住树木，以免摔倒。 sit坐；sleep睡觉；fall摔倒；run跑。根据“He suggested we hold on to the trees in order not to”可知抓住树木，以免摔倒。故选C。 13．句意：我们是不是迷路了？ lost迷路的；hurt受伤的；busy忙碌的；late迟到的。根据“so we couldn’t see the road clearly.”可知是看不清楚路，所以担心是否迷路了。故选A。 14．句意：永远记得带上它。 buy买；borrow借；raise筹集；pack打包。根据“See this? Always...one”可知是要带一个指南针，pack符合语境。故选D。 15.句意：幸运的是，有了充分的准备，我们安全地完成了这次旅行。 imagination想象力；preparation准备；invitation邀请；situation情况。根据上文内容可知，作者他们准备充分，所以安全到家了。故选B。 17 / 27 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $