UNIT 2 Section Ⅱ Learning About Language-【正禾一本通】2025-2026学年高二英语选择性必修2同步课堂高效讲义配套课件（人教版）

I am not the same , having seen the moon shine on the other side of the world. —Mary Anne Radmacher 在世界的另一端看过月光闪耀，我就不会是同样的自己了。 ——玛丽 · 安妮 · 拉德马赫 BRIDGING CULTURES 主题语境：人与社会——文化沟通与交流 UNIT 2 更多模板请关注：https://haosc.taobao.com 1 课后分层练 5 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 Ⅱ.完成句子 Ⅰ.阅读理解 Ⅱ.阅读七选五 Ⅲ.语法填空 Learning About Language— Review of noun clauses Section Ⅱ 分析下列课文原句 1．Laura says (that) she always feels hungry when she smells it, so I taught her how to cook it, too. 2．Her tutor explained that she must acknowledge what other people had said if she cited their ideas, but that he mainly wanted to know what she thought! 3．Xie Lei was confused because she thought she knew less than other people. 4．Xie Lei also found (that) many courses included students’ participation in class as part of the final result. 5．Xie Lei had no idea what she should say, but what surprised her was that she found herself speaking up in class after just a few weeks. 6．What seemed strange before now appears quite normal to her. 5 【我的感悟】 5，6 1，2，3，4 5 一、名词性从句总述 1．定义：在句中起名词作用的从句，可以作为一个整体看待，其作用就相当于一个名词。 2．类别：主语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句、表语从句。 3．引导词：名词性从句通常用一个引导词和主句连接。 从属 连词 that、whether、if等，在从句中不作成分 连接 代词 what、which、who、whom、whose、whatever、whichever、whoever、whomever等，在从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语 连接 副词 when、where、how、why、whenever、wherever、however等，在从句中作状语 4.特点：名词性从句要用陈述语序，即：引导词＋主语＋谓语。 ①At present, I know how I should apply theory to practice. 目前我知道我应该如何把理论应用于实践。 ②What impressed me most was the Space Lab, where visitors could try spacewalk in almost zero gravity. 给我印象最深的是太空实验室，游客可以在几乎零重力的情况下尝试太空行走。 二、主语从句 在主从复合句中充当主语的从句叫主语从句，一般置于句首。 1．从属连词that引导主语从句时，本身无词义，在主语从句中只起连接作用，不充当任何成分；whether可单独使用也可与or或or not/or no连用，意为“是否”。 ①That they should get well prepared for their future is obvious to the students. ＝It is obvious to the students that they should get well prepared for their future. 显而易见，学生们应该为自己的未来做好准备。 ②Whether we can win the contest or not doesn't matter as long as we try our best. 只要我们尽了最大努力， 能否赢得比赛并不重要。 ③It is uncertain whether/if he will attend the meeting on time. 他是否会按时参加会议还不确定。 【点拨】　that引导主语从句不可省略；主语从句位于句首表示“是否”，只能用whether。若用it作形式主语，而把主语从句放在句末，则whether与if可互换。 2．连接代词who、whoever、whom、whose、what、whatever、which、whichever等，在主语从句中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语；连接副词when、where、how、why等，在主语从句中充当状语。 ①Whoever breaks the school windows will be punished.(whoever在从句中作主语) 无论谁打破了学校的窗户都要受罚。 ②What you get with your own labour is the sweetest to taste.(what在从句中作get的宾语) 自己的劳动成果最甜了。 ③Who that girl's father is is not clear to us all.(who在从句中作表语) 那个女孩的父亲是谁，我们大家都不清楚。 ④Whatever result we get must be checked.(whatever在从句中作result的定语) 我们所取得的任何结果都要核查。 ⑤How he can learn to appreciate Chinese culture remains an important goal for him.(how在从句中作状语) 学会如何欣赏中国文化对他来说仍然是一个重要目标。 3．it作形式主语常用句型 eq \b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(①It is＋名词短语（a fact，a pity，a question，no ,wonder...）＋that从句,②It is＋形容词（necessary，strange，important，,possible...）＋that从句,③It is＋过去分词（said，reported，decided，believed，,suggested，ordered...）＋that从句,④It＋动词/动词短语（seem，happen，turn out，occur ,to...）＋that从句)) ①It is a pity that she has made such a silly mistake. 她犯了这样一个愚蠢的错误，真是遗憾。 ②It is very important that a student (should) learn English well. 学生学好英语很重要。 ③It is suggested that the meeting (should) be put off. 有人建议延期召开会议。 ④It is said that many amateur athletes from all over the city will participate. 据说， 来自全市的很多业余运动员将会参加。 【点拨】　在以上句型中，若句型中的名词短语、形容词或过去分词表示愿望、建议、命令、要求等意义，that从句使用虚拟语气：(should＋)动词原形。常用词有：advisable, crucial, desirable, important, demanded, desired, ordered等。 Who that ————即学即练1———— 选用适当的引导词填空 ① she has become an artist may have been due to her father's influence. ② he can get a nursing qualification remains to be seen. ③For people using shared bikes, benefits them most is their convenience. ④ will take the place of our original headmaster hasn't been decided yet. ⑤It's known knowledge is treasure and practice is the key to success. That Whether what 三、宾语从句 在主从复合句中作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。 1．宾语从句在句中可以作及物动词、介词或一些形容词的宾语。 ①A modern city has been set up in what was once a wasteland. 一座现代城市已经在曾是废墟的地方建起来了。 ②I hope that my suggestions are of great help to you and that your life will be back to normal soon. 希望我的建议对你有很大的帮助，并希望你的生活能尽快恢复正常。 ③I'm more than delighted that I will attend the International Cultural Exchange Conference to be held in London next month. 我将出席下个月在伦敦举行的国际文化交流大会，对此我感到非常高兴。 2．it作形式宾语 eq \b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(①find，consider，think，feel，believe，make＋it＋,adj./n.＋宾语从句,②enjoy，love，like，hate，appreciate，see to，,insist on，depend on，rely on/upon＋it＋宾语从句)) ①We find it necessary that we practise spoken English every day. 我们发现每天练习英语口语是有必要的。 ②I have made it a rule that I keep a diary every day. 我养成了每天写日记的习惯。 ③You may rely upon it that she will do whatever she promises. 你放心，她会完成她所承诺的事。 3．宾语从句的特殊用法 (1)当and 连接两个或者两个以上that引导的宾语从句时，只有第一个宾语从句可省略that，后面的宾语从句中的that不能省略。 I believe (that) you will keep your word and that you will turn up at the party on time. 我相信你会遵守诺言，准时出现在聚会上。 (2)作介词宾语、与or not连用或与不定式连用时，只用whether而不用if引导宾语从句。 ①I'm thinking of whether we should go to see the film. 我正在考虑我们是否应该去看电影。 ②I can't say whether or not they can come tomorrow. 我不敢说他们明天是否能来。 ③She didn't know whether to go or to stay. 她不知道是走还是留。 that that ————即学即练2———— 选用适当的引导词填空 ①The old woman asked me I knew the way to the hospital. ②We promise attends the party a chance to have a photo taken with the famous scientist. ③(应用文之推荐信)Since you are wondering you should spend your holiday, I'd like to recommend that you travel to Sichuan Province. ④He said he would give up the chance and he would try hard to look for another one. ⑤I think it necessary classic poetry and writings should be included in textbooks. if/whether whoever where 四、同位语从句 在复合句中用作同位语的从句叫同位语从句。它一般跟在某个名词后面，用来说明前面名词的具体内容。这些名词一般是抽象名词，常见的这类名词有：fact，news，hope，truth，idea，suggestion，thought，question，promise，order，belief，word，information，proof，doubt，possibility等。 ①I was so excited to hear the news that you are going to organize a summer camp for space lovers. 听到你要为太空爱好者组织一个夏令营的消息，我很兴奋。 ②What matters most is that it conveys the information to the world that Chinese people are friendly and kind. 最重要的是，它向世界传递了中国人民友好善良的信息。 ③I have no idea where he lives. 我不知道他住在哪里。 ④The question who should do the job requires consideration. 谁应该做这项工作的问题需要考虑。 【点拨】　同位语从句和定语从句的区别 (1)从意义上看，同位语从句是对一个名词的具体内容加以解释说明；定语从句是对名词进行修饰限定。 (2)从结构上看，that引导同位语从句时，不作成分；that引导定语从句时作成分。 ①The news that our team has won the game is true.(同位语从句，补充说明news的具体内容) 我们队赢了那场比赛的消息是真的。 ②The news that he told me yesterday was true.(定语从句，关系代词that指代news, 在从句中作told的宾语) 昨天他告诉我的那个消息是真的。 what ————即学即练3———— 选用适当的引导词填空 ①The opinion learning is a lifelong process has been expressed by education experts throughout the years. ②The idea the government would take over driverless cars and treat them as a public good would get absolutely nowhere here． ③There is no doubt keeping an English diary helps you a lot with your written English. ④He always asks himself the question is to be done next. that that that 五、表语从句(具体用法讲解见UNIT 1) ①The trouble is that I have lost his address. 问题是我把他的地址弄丢了。 ②I was very angry.That was because he didn't come. 我很生气，那是因为他没来。 (强调原因) ③He didn't come.That was why I was very angry. 他没来，那就是我很生气的原因。 (强调结果) ④The reason why I was very angry was that he didn't come. 我很生气的原因是他没来。 ⑤We will visit some places of interest, which is what we have been longing for. 我们将参观一些名胜古迹， 这些地方是我们一直想去的。 why how that that when because that 语法填空 1． worries Mary a lot these days is 2. she puts on too much weight and she is frequently ill.She has some doubts 3. she eats too much fast food high in fat or sugar.Also, with the College Entrance Examination approaching, she becomes more stressful and she can't sleep well these days.Maybe this is 4. she becomes fatter these days.She is always thinking about 5. she can become slimmer and healthier.It is her parents' suggestion 6. she should consult Doctor Zhang, who suggests 7. she should keep a balanced diet first.Mary asked Doctor Zhang 8. she should take exercise.Doctor Zhang advised her to take exercise at 5 o'clock in the afternoon.That is 9. she will have more time to do sports.It is with the help of Doctor Zhang 10. Mary has become much healthier now. What that whether 单句语法填空 1．(2024·浙江1月卷)If most of their customers are happy to buy large quantities, that's they will promote. 2．(2022·浙江1月卷) Cobb, for her party, started to ask conference organizers who invited her to speak she could do so remotely; about three­quarters of the time, they agreed． 3．(2022·全国乙卷改编) It is calculated European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. what whether/if that where that 4．(2022·全国乙卷改编) Make sure you have communicated with your friend about frequently each of you wants to be contacted and method works best for you both. 5．(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷) is so breathtaking about the experience is the out­of­this­world scenes. 6．(2021·北京高考) The poor woman wasn't able to give him any information about she lived. 7．(2019·全国Ⅰ卷) While they are rare north of 88°， there is evidence they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada. how what What where Ⅰ.单句语法填空(每小题1分，共8分) 1．Mary couldn't go to the conference, so she asked the organizer who invited her to speak she could do so remotely. 2．The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is one can be entirely free from dust. 3．The father and his son got lost in the mountain and they had to eat food they could find there. 4．Jane moved aimlessly down the tree­lined street, not knowing she was heading. whether/if that whatever what 5．What puzzles Lily's friends is she always has so many crazy ideas. 6．The old lady wasn't able to give the police any information about she lived. 7．It is not a problem we can win the game; it's just a matter of time. 8．The student completed this experiment to make Professor Joseph had said come true. why where whether Ⅱ.完成句子(每小题2分，共10分) 1．我被他所做的事深深地感动了，泪水止不住地流下来。(宾语从句) I was deeply moved by ，tears rolling down without control. 2．最重要的是我们从来没有丧失继续努力的热情。(主语从句；表语从句) to keep on trying. 3．精通英语口语使我能够自由地与外国人交流。(主语从句) enables me to communicate with foreigners freely. what he had done What is the most important is that we never lose the enthusiasm That I have a good command of oral English 4．我们坚信游客能够通过这次活动更多地了解中国传统文化。(同位语从句) We hold the strong belief through the activity. 5．使我印象最深刻的是残疾人乐观的态度。(主语从句) is the optimistic attitude of the disabled. that visitors can learn more about traditional Chinese culture What impresses me most Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，共20分) A (2025·浙江绍兴期末)Whether you are traveling to a different country for business or study, you must always be prepared to experience and overcome cultural differences and language barriers.Here are a couple of tips on how to help bridge the gap between cultures. Every country in the world, old or new, has a rich and storied history.They celebrate their own holidays, cook national dishes, listen to their own styles of music and wear clothes appropriate for their culture.Take some time to learn the history, art and customs of the country you'll be visiting.Showing your knowledge of the local customs and history will make those around you realize you truly care about their culture. Languages are hard to master.You spent years in grade school learning all the grammar and intricacies (复杂) of English.Why not spend more time learning a whole new language—especially when so much of the world speak English already? Even if you can only recite a couple of key phrases, it shows that you're making the effort to bridge the cultural gap. Unfortunately, no matter how much you research a country or how well you know the language, there will always be some culture shocks and confusion.Words, actions or gestures that are not offensive (冒犯的) to us can be very offensive to someone from another culture.When this occurs, it is important to stay patient.Working through these frustrations together will lead to a smarter and stronger bond between you and your friend from another culture. When I learn a new language, or study the history of a culture I'm unfamiliar with, I think of it as exploring a new world.There are so many things that make each culture unique.You have to be open to trying and learning new things in order to fit in well in another country.Always try to think about how they see things from their cultural perspective. All of this being said, there are so many similarities between people of all nations.We all laugh at the same physical comedy, groan when we have to clean up our pets' messes and cry when we lose a loved one.After all, we are all humans. [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了克服文化差异的几条建议。 1．What are you supposed to do to show your efforts to fit in? A．Develop an optimistic attitude. B．Do research into the new culture. C．Publicize its unique cultures. D．Clear all the barriers in the way. 解析：选B。细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Take some time to learn the history, art and customs of the country you'll be visiting.Showing your knowledge of the local customs and history will make those around you realize you truly care about their culture.”可知，为了融入新文化，你应该对新的文化进行研究，故选B。 √ 2．What does the author think of culture shocks? A．Overwhelming. B．Abstract. C．Depressing. D．Unavoidable. 解析：选D。推理判断题。根据文章第四段中“Unfortunately, no matter how much you research a country or how well you know the language, there will always be some culture shocks and confusion.”可知，作者认为文化冲击是不可避免的，故选D。 √ 3．How does the author encourage us to be in Paragraph 5? A．Open­minded. B．Suspicious. C．Ambitious. D．Insightful. √ 解析：选A。推理判断题。根据第五段中“You have to be open to trying and learning new things in order to fit in well in another country.Always try to think about how they see things from their cultural perspective.”可知，作者鼓励我们要思想开放，故选A。 4．What is the most suitable title for the article? A．Participating in Cultural Communication B．Stepping out of Your Comfort Zone C．Exposing Yourself to Different Cultures D．Bridging the Gap Between Cultures 解析：选D。标题归纳题。文章第一段中“Here are a couple of tips on how to help bridge the gap between cultures.”提出话题——帮助消除文化差异的建议，文章第二至五段提出了具体的建议，最后一段对全文进行总结。纵观全文，文章都在围绕着如何消除文化差异来展开，所以D项Bridging the Gap Between Cultures(消除文化之间的差异)作为文章题目最为合适，故选D项。 √ B (2025·安徽安庆期末)French lawmakers have voted to ban the use of mobile phones by students in primary and middle schools. The government said the new law would improve concentration in class, while helping to prevent cyber (网络的) bullying and the viewing of unhealthy contents.However, critics said the ban would be difficult to carry out. The bill was the result of a campaign promise made by President Emmanuel Macron last year.Members of the National Assembly supported the move in a show of hands on Thursday and it now goes to the Senate (参议院). Under the new measures, children up to the age of 15 will have to keep their mobile phones out of sight while at school. Education minister Jean­Michel Blanquer said the measures were “a law for the 21st Century, a law for addressing the digital revolution”．“Being open to technologies of the future doesn't mean we have to accept all their uses，” he told MPs. A 2016 survey showed that 9 out of every 10 French students aged 12 to 17 owned a mobile phone.Common complaints by teachers include pupils texting friends and chatting on social media during lessons. About half of France's 51，000 primary schools and 7，000 middle schools already ban their use, but ministers say measures need to be put on a stronger legal basis.Speaking ahead of the parliamentary (议会的) vote, Philippe Vincent of the school directors' union SNPDEN told AFP news agency that they supported the move because it promotes the process. If approved, the ban is due to come into force for the new academic year in September.The new law does not make clear what punishment students face for breaking the new rules and lawyers have said that teachers are not within their rights to take non­dangerous belongings from pupils. [语篇解读]本文是一篇新闻报道，主要报道了法国立法者要投票禁止中小学生使用手机，对此人们有不同的看法。 5．Why did some people criticize the ban? A．It is short of a legal basis. B．It is hard to put into practice. C．It doesn't open to technologies. D．It doesn't protect students' rights. 解析：选B。细节理解题。根据第二段中“However, critics said the ban would be difficult to carry out.”可知，有人批评这项禁令是因为它很难付诸实践。故选B。 √ 6．What attitude did Jean­Michel Blanquer take towards the ban? A．Opposed. B．Doubtful. C．Supportive. D．Ambiguous. √ 解析：选C。推理判断题。根据第五段内容可知，Jean­Michel Blanquer支持这项禁令。故选C。 7．What do we learn about French schools? A．Mobile phones were encouraged in the past. B．Mobile phones aren't allowed in some of them. C．Half of middle school students have a mobile phone. D．Mobile phones are completely banned in the classroom. √ 解析：选B。细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“About half of France's 51，000 primary schools and 7，000 middle schools already ban their use, but ministers say measures need to be put on a stronger legal basis.”可知，法国有些学校不允许使用手机。故选B。 8．What can we infer about the ban? A．It will be passed soon. B．It won't be approved. C．Students will support it. D．Teachers will welcome it. 解析：选D。推理判断题。根据倒数第三段中“Common complaints by teachers include pupils texting friends and chatting on social media during lessons.”可知，老师们会欢迎这一禁令。故选D。 √ Ⅱ.阅读七选五(每小题2.5分，共12.5分) (2025·湖南益阳期末)The “Dao De Jing”， a key Daoist text, is believed to have been written by Laozi in the 6th century B．C.It starts with the idea that the true meaning of Dao (the way) is beyond words.The book, filled with mysteries and counterintuitive(违反常理的) ideas, is complex and hard to translate.1( ) Despite this, it is one of the most translated books after the Bible, with numerous English versions. Over time, various scholars and translators have approached the text from different perspectives, leading to multiple interpretations．Recently, three new translations have come out. 2( ) In contrast, translators like poets Li­Young Lee, Yun Wang, and scholar J．H.Huang believe it was written by one person. These translations have very different meanings.Lee and Wang's version focuses on improving oneself, while Ziporyn's translation sees the text as supporting strict rule, emphasizing social order.Huang's version, on the other side, stresses the importance of removing rewards to achieve peace.3( ) 4( ) Huang's version is clear and comprehensive, supported by detailed explanations.Lee and Wang's translation may appeal to those seeking deeper meanings.Ziporyn's research­based translation encourages exploring multiple meanings. In a word, different translations offer various perspectives on the text's meaning.5( ) Thus, it can be understood in many ways depending on the reader's viewpoint. A．This stresses the flexibility of “Dao De Jing”． B．Each translation has its special charm and value. C．It is a challenging text to translate into English. D．It explores themes like water wearing away rock. E．Professor Ziporyn views it as a collection of ideas. F．These different translations reflect the depth of the text. G．The book's double meaning and character changes add translation challenges. [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文，介绍了《道德经》是一部难以翻译的道家经典著作，不同的译者从不同的角度对其进行翻译，这些不同的翻译反映了文本的深度，也体现了《道德经》含义的灵活性。 1．解析：选G。根据上文“The book, filled with mysteries and counterintuitive ideas, is complex and hard to translate.”可知，上文说的是这本书的翻译难度大，可推理出下文进一步解释说明这本书难翻译的具体原因，G项“这本书的双重含义和文字变化增加了翻译的难度”符合语境，故选G。 2．解析：选E。根据下文“In contrast, translators like poets Li­Young Lee, Yun Wang, and scholar J．H.Huang believe it was written by one person.”可知，此处是在对比不同译者的观点，再根据“In contrast(对比之下)”可知，上文表达的内容与之形成对比，E项“任博克教授将其视为一系列思想的集合”符合语境，故选E。 3．解析：选F。上文说的是不同的翻译版本的特点，但尚未对这些特点进行总结，可推理出下文将对这些特点进行总结，F项“这些不同的翻译反映了文本的深度”符合语境，故选F。 4．解析：选B。下文说的是不同的人的翻译的特点，可推理出空白处应对这些不同的特点进行概括，B项“每个翻译都有其独特的魅力和价值”符合语境，故选B。 5．解析：选A。根据上文“In a word, different translations offer various perspectives on the text's meaning.”以及下文“Thus, it can be understood in many ways depending on the reader's viewpoint.”可知，空白处应承上启下，既总结上文不同翻译提供不同视角，又引出下文根据读者观点有多种理解方式，A项“这强调了《道德经》的灵活”符合语境，故选A。 Ⅲ.语法填空(每小题1.5分，共15分) From learning Chinese to teaching Chinese Speaking of her experience learning Chinese, Passant Sayed Khalil said that she embarked on the journey of learning Chinese at the 1 (suggest) of her father.Her father believed that the relationship between Egypt and China was becoming increasingly close, with many Chinese companies 2 (set) up operations in Egypt, making learning Chinese very 3 (benefit) for future development. However, her journey of learning Chinese was not without challenges. Passant Sayed Khalil recalled facing pronunciation difficulties in the first week of learning Chinese at Cairo University. “Chinese is 4 (complete) different from my native Arabic language.So I needed to put in extra effort to learn.” “Over the years, learning Chinese 5 (make) me a better version of myself，” Passant Sayed Khalil said. In September 2019, after graduating from Cairo University, Passant Sayed Khalil went to Beijing Normal University 6 (pursue) her master's degree. In July 2021, after two years of study and internship at the Confucius Institute of Cairo University, she successfully obtained her master's degree 7 became a Chinese teacher at the Confucius Institute of Cairo University． Today, she often tells her students stories about China and its culture in the classroom.Her students, as she once 8 (be), face challenges with Chinese pronunciation, sentence construction, and writing.In these moments, she shares her secrets of learning Chinese 9 her students—practice more, face challenges, and also shows 10 (they) places of interest in Beijing such as the Great Wall to experience Chinese culture. [语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了埃及开罗大学孔子学院的中文老师帕桑特·赛义德·哈利勒学习中文的经历。 1．解析：suggestion。考查名词。此处作介词宾语，应用名词suggestion，固定搭配at the suggestion of...表示“在……的建议下”。故填suggestion。 2．解析：setting。考查非谓语动词。此处是“with＋宾语＋宾语补足语”的复合结构，many Chinese companies与set up之间是主动关系，应用现在分词作宾语补足语。故填setting。 3．解析：beneficial。考查形容词。此处是“make＋宾语＋形容词”复合结构，表示“使……怎么样”，应用形容词beneficial“有益的”。故填beneficial。 4．解析：completely。考查副词。此处修饰形容词different，应用副词completely“完全地”作状语。故填completely。 5．解析：has made。考查动词时态。根据Over the years可知，应用现在完成时，动名词learning Chinese作主语，谓语动词用单数，助动词使用has。故填has made。 6．解析：to pursue。考查非谓语动词。“去北京师范大学”的目的是“攻读硕士学位”，应用动词不定式作目的状语。故填to pursue。 7．解析：and。考查连词。obtained her master's degree和became a Chinese teacher是并列谓语关系，应用连词and连接。故填and。 8．解析：was。考查动词时态。此处表示“她的学生，就像她曾经一样”，once(曾经)表明陈述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时，主语 she 是第三人称单数，be动词使用was。故填was。 9．解析：with。考查介词。固定搭配share sth with sb “与某人分享某物”。故填with。 10．解析：them。考查代词。此处作宾语，应用宾格them。故填them。 $