UNIT 1 Section Ⅱ Learning About Language-【正禾一本通】2025-2026学年高二英语选择性必修2同步课堂高效讲义配套课件（人教版）

该高中英语课件以“科学与科学家”为主题，围绕表语从句语法及语用技能展开，课堂导入通过主题名言创设语境，连接“人与社会”主题理解与语法学习，从“感知语法”过渡到表语从句性质功能讲解，再结合课后分层练习搭建学习支架，帮助学生逐步掌握知识。 其亮点在于采用分层练习（单句语法填空到阅读七选五）和限时训练（15/30分钟）培养学习能力，通过“冲突训练”“舆情监测法”提升思维品质，主题语境融合语法与阅读强化语言能力。运用语境化语法教学和任务型练习，学生能夯实基础并提升综合语言运用能力，教师可借助结构化资料提高教学效率。

To raise new questions , new possibilities , to regard old problems from a new angle requires creative imagination and marks real advance in science. —Albert Einstein & Leopold Infeld 提出新的问题，发现新的可能，从新的角度审视已经存在的问题，这些需要创造性的想象力，并标志着科学的真正进步。 ——阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦 &利奥波德 · 英费尔德 SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS 主题语境：人与社会——科学与科学家 UNIT 1 更多模板请关注：https://haosc.taobao.com 1 课后分层练 2 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 Ⅱ.完成句子 Ⅰ.阅读理解 Ⅱ.阅读七选五 Ⅲ.语法填空 Learning About Language— Predicative clauses Section Ⅱ 分析下列课文原句 1．One theory was that bad air caused the disease. 2．The other was that cholera was caused by an infection from germs in food or water. 3．It seemed that the woman liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day. 4．The truth was that the water from the Broad Street pump had been infected by waste. 【我的感悟】 加黑处均为 从句，that在句中只起 作用，不作 ，无实际含义。 表语 连接 成分 一、概念 在主从复合句中充当表语的从句，叫作表语从句。它常位于系动词之后，用来说明主语的身份或特征。 二、表语从句的引导词 1．that引导表语从句，在句子中无意义，不充当句子成分，不可省略。 ①The good news is that we Chinese are warm and friendly, so you needn't worry too much about not understanding Chinese customs.(应用文之推荐信) 好消息是我们中国人热情友好，所以你不必太担心不了解中国的习俗。 ②The trouble is that she hasn't found enough proof. 问题是她还没有找到足够的证据。 2．whether引导表语从句，不充当句子成分，意为“是否”，不能与if互换。 The question is whether your parents will subscribe to your plan to travel to Xizang this summer holiday.(应用文之建议信) 问题是你的父母是否会同意你这个暑假去西藏旅行的计划。 3．连接代词who/whom/whose/what/which引导表语从句，在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语。 ①The problem is who is willing to defend for the suspect in the court. 问题是谁愿意在法庭上为这个嫌疑犯辩护。 ②A rich knowledge of aerospace science is what makes you stand out in the future interviews.(应用文之招募启事) 丰富的航天科学知识会让你在之后的面试中脱颖而出。 4．连接副词when/where/why引导表语从句，在从句中充当状语，可以表时间、地点、原因等。 ①This is where our basic interest lies. 这就是我们的根本利益所在。 ②That's why I strongly recommend it to anyone who loves reading.(应用文之推荐信) 那就是我把它强烈推荐给所有热爱阅读的人的原因。 5．because，as if/as though等引导表语从句。 ①That's because you don't know how to handle this kind of crisis. 那是因为你不知道如何应对这类危机。 ②Every time I listen to the song, it feels as if a river is spreading before me. 每当听这首歌的时候，我就感觉一条河流在面前流淌。 that your assistant didn't solve the problem ————即学即练1———— 单句语法填空/完成句子 ①The good news is it's simple to learn and can be worth the effort. ②What people forget is the Italians, when they came to Australia, brought 2，000 years of their culture. ③(应用文之求助信)我最困惑的是我在选择专业时应该注意什么。 What puzzles me most is when choosing a major. ④真正让我失望的是你的助手没有解决这个问题。 What really disappointed me was ． that that what I should pay attention to 三、注意事项 1．why和because引导表语从句的区别 That's why...意为“那是……的原因”，强调结果 That's because...意为“那是因为……”，强调原因 ①That was why I managed to get a satisfying grade in the exam. 那就是我努力在考试中取得令人满意的成绩的原因。 ②That is because they don't get a good habit of reading or they overuse their eyes watching TV or playing computer games. 那是因为他们没有养成阅读的好习惯，或者看电视或玩电脑游戏用眼过度。 2．reason作主语或主语中包含事件的起因时，或后面的表语从句表示原因时，要用that来引导，而不是because。 The reason for my absence is that I have to take care of my little sister. 我缺席的原因是我必须照顾我年幼的妹妹。 3．表语从句中的虚拟语气 在表语从句中，表示间接的命令、要求、请求、建议、决定等，主句中的主语通常是：advice，suggestion，proposal，request，order，desire, demand等，从句谓语形式是“should＋动词原形(should可以省略)”。 My suggestion is that you (should) get yourself involved in music activities, such as singing and composing.(应用文之建议信) 我的建议是你去参加音乐活动，比如唱歌和作曲。 that you (should) read English books ————即学即练2———— 单句语法填空/完成句子 ①(2023·全国乙卷书面表达)It is important for us to master some basic living skills to prepare us for our future life.That is I learned how to cook during the May Day holidays. ②(应用文之建议信)Another effective suggestion is that you (take) more physical exercise. ③The reason is Chinese acupuncture can build up people's body and have no side effects. ④(应用文之建议信)最重要的建议是你应该在课前和课后读英语书。 The most important advice is before and after class. why (should) take that how what how which why because that 语法填空 Science is simply 1. you can do.And doing science makes you a scientist! So what do scientists do? Actually, what matters is not only 2. they observe in the world around them and 3. questions they ask, but also 4. they use evidence or data to answer the questions.They identify useful data and take new measurements.Some of the key issues that scientists face are 5. calculations they do and 6. they analyse their data to draw conclusions about the questions they ask.The final issue, 7. many believe to be the most important, is 8. they need to communicate their results.This is 9. they want everyone to benefit from their work! It seems 10. science is all around us.You see, by doing science, scientists get a better understanding of the world around them and share that understanding with the whole world. what what what why 单句语法填空 1．(2024·新高考Ⅱ卷语法填空) If most of their customers are happy to buy larger quantities, that's they'll promote.But that leaves the solo (单独) customers out of pocket and disappointed． 2．(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷) They also need to be ready to give interviews in English with international journalists．This is they need an English trainer. 3．(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷读后续写改编) He always participated to the best of his ability in whatever they were doing.That was none of the children thought it unusual that David had decided to join the cross­country team. 4．(2021·天津卷)What puzzles Lily's friends is she always has so many crazy ideas. what why why when Ⅰ.单句语法填空(每小题1分，共8分) 1．What the doctors really doubt is my mother will defeat the serious illness. 2．You are saying that everyone has already had equal rights, and this is I disagree. 3．One reason for her preference for city life is she can have easy access to places like shops and restaurants. 4．As is well known to all, the Spring Festival is the family are reunited and celebrate the new year. whether where that where 5．My last question is I can be permitted to attend the local university in China for one year. 6．What appeals to me most is you get used to your daily routine in micro­gravity. 7．The truth is everyone will have one of those periods when things seem to be going wrong. 8．Some people believe that making contributions to the society is their happiness lies. whether how that Ⅱ.完成句子(每小题2分，共10分) 1．第二个原因是他们有太多来自学习和工作的压力。 The second reason is from study and work. 2．我第一次接触京剧是在我还是婴儿的时候。 My first experience with Beijing Opera was ． 3．那就是我想推荐给你的，希望你能采纳我的想法。 That is and I hope my idea can be taken. that they have too much pressure when I was a baby what I would like to recommend to you, 4．尽可能多练习就是秘诀所在。 To practice as much as possible is ． 5．我十分享受运动的节奏，感觉我好像在一个美丽的舞台上跳舞。 I enjoy the rhythm of the exercise a lot and I were dancing on a beautiful stage. where the secret lies I feel as if Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，共17.5分) A Antarctica Classic 11 days, Ushuaia to Ushuaia (＄5, 329 per person). Itinerary Notes This trip is assigned a Physical Rating of 2.It is accessible to most fitness levels and for those able to do extended walks and light hiking.It is important to note that for landings in Antarctica we use Zodiacs (快艇) and wet beach landings in what sometimes can be extreme environments.This will require you to be able to safely navigate ice and snow on uneven ground, to lift your leg over the side of a Zodiac and push yourself up, walk on wet, rocky beaches and stand throughout the landing with no place to sit.Our expedition team is there to assist you if needed but having good mobility is important for your safety and enjoyment.For visual examples of the zodiac landings and activities please click here: the Excursions (探险) Image Gallery on the Expedition landing page. Travel Style: Marine Small­ship adventures on the world's great seas, rivers, and other places only accessible by boat. Physical Rating: 2­Light Light walking and hiking suitable for most fitness levels.Nothing too challenging. Age requirement: 10＋ All travellers under age 18 must be accompanied by an adult. What's Included 9 nights aboard the G Expedition Cruise. 1 night hotel in Ushuaia, on a twin share basis. Zodiac excursions with our expert team. Lectures and educational programs. Waterproof boots supplied for USA sizes 4－16. Accommodations Twin­share hotel (1 night), aboard the G Expedition in quad­， triple­， twin­share cabins, or suites (all with en suite bathrooms and porthole or window，9 nights).Please note that all cabins consist of twin­size berths and are ocean­facing.Suites have one queen­size bed. Meals 10 breakfasts, 8 lunches，9 dinners.Drinks and tips on board not included. [语篇解读]本文是一篇应用文。文章详细介绍了一个名为“Antarctica Classic”的南极旅行产品。 1．What is required of participants for the landings in Antarctica? A．High fitness levels for intense hiking. B．Excellent swimming skills in cold water. C．Ability to move safely on rough surfaces. D．Abundant experience with extreme weather． 解析：选C。细节理解题。根据Itinerary Notes下的内容可知，在南极洲登陆的参与者需要能够在崎岖的地面上安全移动。故选C。 √ 2．Which items are covered in the cost of the trip? A．Flights to Ushuaia. B．Drinks and tips on board. C．Waterproof boots for all sizes. D．Lectures and educational programs. 解析：选D。细节理解题。根据What's Included下的“Lectures and educational programs.”可知，旅行费用包括讲座和教育项目。故选D。 √ 3．Where can you possibly find the passage? A．A chapter from a geography textbook. B．A notice in a tourist information center. C．A travel journal from a popular blogger. D．An advertisement on a traveling website. √ 解析：选D。推理判断题。综观全文可知，本文介绍了一个名为“Antarctica Classic”的南极旅行产品，包括行程天数、价格、行程特点、旅行风格、身体条件要求、年龄要求、包含的服务项目、住宿条件以及餐饮安排等。由此推知，你可能在旅游网站上的广告中看到这篇文章。故选D。 B (2025·广东广州检测)The ability to detect a nearby presence without seeing or touching it may sound fantastical—but it's a real ability that some creatures have.A family of African fish known as Momyrids are weakly electric, and have special organs that can locate a nearby target, even when it's hiding in the mud.Scientists have now developed an artificial sensor system modelled on the ability of these fish. “We developed a new strategy for 3D motion positioning by electronic skin, bio­inspired by ‘electric fish’，” says Dr.Xinge Yu, an associate professor in the Department of Biomedical Engineering at the City University of Hong Kong.The team described their e­skin sensor in a paper published on November 14 in Nature. The artificial sensor is multi­layered.One layer acts as a transmitter (发射器), which will generate an electric field once activated, and another layer acts as a receiver to detect both the direction and the distance to an object.A separate controller creates the driving signal to activate the transmitter.When an object comes within range, the electric field around the sensor is disrupted,which in turn can be detected by the receiver.This data is then processed by a microcontroller unit, which computes the position of the target object and sends that information to a smartphone or other devices. A special biogel (生物凝胶) is used in the sensor, which has the ability to transmit and receive electric signals from a pattern of microchannels on the surface.The end result is a sensor that is thin, soft and flexible, making it easy to adapt to irregular surfaces, such as the human body.In contrast to the traditional sensor system that needs a large number of sensors to achieve spatial positioning, the new system can locate an object precisely in 3D space using just a few sensors.This significantly reduces the power consumption of data collection, transmission, and processing. The researchers hope that this sensor could one day open up a new range of wearable technologies, including sensors for human­machine interaction and thin, flexible e­skin. [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了受非洲电鱼特殊能力的启发，科学家开发出一种人造传感器系统，并阐述了其原理、优势及应用前景。 4．The first paragraph aims to show ． A．the special ability of African fish B．the inspiration for a new invention C．the big challenge of locating objects D．the reason for developing a sensor 解析：选B。推理判断题。根据第一段可知，第一段先介绍了非洲电鱼的特殊能力，接着说明科学家基于此开发出人造传感器系统，所以第一段旨在展示一项新发明的灵感来源。故选B。 √ 5．What does the underlined word “disrupted” in Paragraph 3 mean? A．Disturbed. B．Arranged. C．Enhanced. D．Stabilized. √ 解析：选A。词句猜测题。结合常识和画线词所在句“When an object comes within range, the electric field around the sensor is disrupted, which in turn can be detected by the receiver.”中“be detected by the receiver”可推知，物体进入传感器范围时，电场被干扰，才会有信号被接收器检测到。所以画线词意为“干扰，扰乱”，与“disturbed”意思相近。故选A项。 6．What is an advantage of the new sensor system? A．Its sensitivity to different stimulations. B．Its adaptation to environmental changes. C．Its efficiency in achieving 3D positioning. D．Its speed in data collection and processing. √ 解析：选C。细节理解题。根据第四段中“In contrast to the traditional sensor system that needs a large number of sensors to achieve spatial positioning, the new system can locate an object precisely in 3D space using just a few sensors.This significantly reduces the power consumption of data collection, transmission, and processing.”可知，新传感器系统的优势在于它在实现三维定位方面的高效率。故选C。 7．What is the best title for the text? A．Machine Detective “Wears” Flexible E­skin B．Bio­inspired Sensor “Feels” Without Touching C．E­Skin Sensor: The Future of Machine Learning D．Electric Fields: The Frontier of Object Detection 解析：选B。标题归纳题。根据第一段以及第二段可知，文章主要讲述了受非洲电鱼特殊能力的启发，科学家开发出一种人造传感器系统，这种传感器不用触摸就能“感知”物体。B项“Bio inspired Sensor ‘Feels’ Without Touching(受生物启发的传感器不用触摸就能‘感知’)”能概括文章主要内容，最适合做文章标题。故选B。 √ Ⅱ.阅读七选五(每小题2.5分，共12.5分) (2025·云南西双版纳期末)Have you been wishing to put on your hiking shoes and enter the woods for a little backpacking (背包) trip, but you' re not sure exactly where to start? That's okay! We've got you covered on all the backpacking basics.1( ) Start with a close trip. Find an overnight trip that's not too far away from where you live and try for just a night.This will make you feel safer, and you won't have to take along much heavy equipment during your first attempt.2( ) Over time, you can work up to a tougher trip. Plan ahead. You need to make sure you know where you're going, where you're camping out, where to find water, etc.Be sure to read up on the route you're hiking on, so that you can prepare for your journey in advance! It also includes choosing a route, figuring out when you're going to set off, who you're going with, and what you're going to bring along.3( ) Put safety first. While beautiful, the wilderness can sometimes also be dangerous.4( ) What's worse, there are no hospitals close by.So make sure you know some basic first aid and stay safe and careful when you're on the way. 5( ) When you're backpacking and camping out, it's important to try to leave the space as natural as it was when you found it.If you've made a fire, be sure to put it out and bury it before you head back onto the trip.Also, don't leave any waste or litter behind.Pick up after yourself and take care of the beautiful earth! A．Take care of nature. B．Take advantage of the peace. C．Then, you can finish it more easily. D．You never know what could happen outdoors． E．You should also take time to relax. F．Here are all the things you need to know as a backpacking beginner! G．You can make a checklist to get all these totally prepared. [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了背包旅行初学者需要了解的基础知识。 1．解析：选F。由上文可知，上文引入了背包旅行的基础知识，本空应为一个总结性的句子，概括文章的主题。F项能够承接上文，符合题意。故选F。 2．解析：选C。上文建议新手从短途旅行开始，并说明了这样做的好处，本空应进一步说明短途旅行的好处。C项能够承接上文，说明短途旅行的好处之一，即更容易完成。故选C。 3．解析：选G。上文强调了提前计划的重要性，并列出了需要提前准备的事项，本空应提供一个具体的方法来确保所有事项都得到妥善处理。G项能够承接上文，符合题意。故选G。 4．解析：选D。由上文“Put safety first.”和“While beautiful, the wilderness can sometimes also be dangerous.”可知，上文强调了安全的重要性，并指出荒野可能存在的危险性，本空应进一步强调户外活动的不可预测性和潜在的危险性。D项能够承接上文，符合题意。故选D。 5．解析：选A。下文强调了保护自然环境的重要性，本空应概括下文的内容。A项能够概括下文的内容，符合题意。故选A。 Ⅲ.语法填空(每小题1.5分，共15分) (2025·甘肃兰州检测)DeepSeek, a Chinese­made AI, has recently burst into the global spotlight.It 1 (develop) by a group of talented Chinese researchers with the aim of 2 (advance) artificial intelligence technology. What makes DeepSeek stand out is its powerful capabilities.It can handle a wide range of tasks, from natural language processing 3 image recognition.In natural language processing, it can generate high­quality text, answer complex questions 4 (accurate), and engage in intelligent conversations.When it comes to image recognition, it can identify various objects with 5 (impress) accuracy. The success of DeepSeek is not accidental.It benefits from the continuous investment in AI research in China and the rich talent pool in this field.The researchers behind DeepSeek have made numerous efforts 6 (improve) its algorithms and performance.They have also applied the latest 7 (technology) breakthroughs to the development process． Moreover, DeepSeek has found various 8 (apply) in many industries.In the medical field, it can assist doctors in diagnosing diseases by analyzing medical images and patient data.In the education sector, it can provide personalized learning resources for students.In the business world, it can help companies with market analysis and customer service. As DeepSeek continues to gain popularity, it is playing an increasingly important role in promoting international cooperation in the AI field, 9 shows the world the remarkable achievements of Chinese AI technology and boosts 10 confidence of the Chinese scientific community． [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国制造的人工智能产品DeepSeek的强大功能以及DeepSeek取得成功的重要意义。 1．解析：was/is developed。考查时态、语态。句意：它是由一群才华横溢的中国研究人员开发的，旨在推进人工智能技术。主语It与谓语构成被动关系，该句可理解为客观事实，所以可用一般现在时的被动语态，或理解为发生在过去的动作，所以此处也可以使用一般过去时的被动语态，主语为第三人称单数，谓语用单数。故填was/is developed。 2．解析：advancing。考查非谓语动词。句意：它是由一群才华横溢的中国研究人员开发的，旨在推进人工智能技术。作介词的宾语，用动名词形式。故填advancing。 3．解析：to。考查介词。句意：它可以处理范围广泛的任务，从自然语言处理到图像识别。短语from...to...表示“从……到……”。故填to。 4．解析：accurately。考查副词。句意：在自然语言处理方面，它可以生成高质量的文本，准确回答复杂的问题，并进行智能对话。修饰动词answer用副词accurately，意为“准确地”。故填accurately。 5．解析：impressive。考查形容词。句意：在图像识别方面，它能够以令人印象深刻的精度识别各种物体。修饰名词accuracy用形容词impressive，意为“令人印象深刻的”。故填impressive。 6．解析：to improve。考查非谓语动词。句意：DeepSeek背后的研究人员已经做出了大量努力来改进其算法和性能。短语make efforts to do sth 表示“努力做某事”，所以此处使用动词不定式形式。故填to improve。 7．解析：technological。考查形容词。句意：他们还将最新的技术突破应用到开发过程中。修饰名词breakthroughs用形容词，technology的形容词为technological意为“技术的”符合句意。故填technological。 8．解析：applications。考查名词。句意：此外，DeepSeek已经在许多行业中找到了各种应用。作宾语，用名词，apply的名词是application，意为“应用”，根据上文various可知用复数。故填applications。 9．解析：which。考查定语从句。句意：随着DeepSeek的不断普及，它在推动人工智能领域的国际合作方面发挥着越来越重要的作用，同时向世界展示了中国人工智能技术的卓越成就，增强了中国科学界的信心。非限制性定语从句修饰上文句子，从句缺少主语。故填which。 10．解析：the。考查冠词。句意：随着DeepSeek的不断普及，它在推动人工智能领域的国际合作方面发挥着越来越重要的作用，同时向世界展示了中国人工智能技术的卓越成就，增强了中国科学界的信心。结合句意，此处特指“中国科学界的信心”应用定冠词。故填the。 $