考前押题03 阅读理解常考话题（期末复习专项训练）高一英语上学期沪教版

考前押题03 阅读理解常考话题(期末专项训练) 话题1 社会与文化 话题4 生活与学习 话题2 环保与发展 话题5 社会与服务 话题3 科学与技术 话题6 做人与做事 话题1 社会与文化 Passage 1 A young woman has announced the news of her own death after a battle with cancer, while sharing her wishes for her grieving loved ones. Daniella Thackray, a 25-year-old from Leeds, took to social media to share her heart-breaking final words, after an eight-month battle with the rare disease, cholangiocarcinoma, a type of cancer that forms in the bile ducts. The emotional message paid tribute (致敬) to her family, fiancé Tom, and dog Leo, as she encouraged her loved ones to “enjoy the little things” in life and “cherish every moment” after she had “gone”. She wrote: “If you’re reading this, then it means I have died from my battle with cancer and my family are posting my final message on my behalf.” “Firstly, I just want to say that not all cancers are caused by lifestyle choices, in some cases it’s genetics or unfortunately it just happens. In my case, despite me being very healthy and active, a cancer started in my bile ducts which was not caused by anything in my control and my life was never the same again.” Despite her devastating (毁灭性的) diagnosis, she chose “not to mourn life” and made the most of her time. “So with that being said, although we can’t control what happens to us, we can control how we react. I chose not to mourn the life I was losing despite being so devastated, but to enjoy every moment I had left.” Daniella added. Her message has already gained more than 30,000 likes, while hundreds of people rushed to leave their condolences (吊唁) to her loved ones. One person wrote, “Such courageous words from someone that I’ve never met. What a wonderful message to leave us with, may you rest in paradise.” 1．Why did Daniella share her final words on social media? A．To encourage her loved ones to enjoy life. B．To highlight the seriousness of her disease. C．To describe her battle against the deadly cancer. D．To attract people’s attention to her sufferings. 2．What can be inferred from Daniella’s words in paragraph 4? A．She hoped to promote research into genetically related cancers. B．She believed lifestyle was the main factor in most cancer cases. C．She was angry at the medical community for not finding the exact cause. D．She wanted to relieve the possible guilt of those with similar conditions. 3．Which of the following best describes Daniella’s personality? A．Weak and sensitive. B．Caring and optimistic. C．Mean and self-centered. D．Ambitious and hardworking. 4．What can we learn from people’s responses to Daniella’s message online? A．Many people knew her a lot. B．Social media is very powerful. C．Her story touched a lot of people. D．Everyone agreed with her views on cancer causes. Passage 2 In an age when online misinformation is seemingly everywhere and objective facts are frequently questioned, some psychologists have presented a solution: Expose young children to more misinformation online — not less. Doing so in limited circumstances, and with careful oversight and education, can help children gain the tools they’ll need to tell fact from falsehood online, said Evan Orticio, a Ph. D．student in UC Berkeley’s Department of Psychology. “Children are born with skepticismc (质疑) and they can adapt their level of skepticism according to the quality of information they’ve seen before in a digital context,” Orticio said. “They can use their expectations of how this digital environment works to make reasonable adjustments to how much they trust or distrust information. ” Minors encounter health misinformation within minutes of creating a TikTok account. Even platforms intended for young audiences like YouTube Kids have become spaces for misinformation. That’s a particular problem because parents may have the impression that these are safe places their kids can explore. That may give a false sense of security and allow falsehoods and problematic content to go unchecked and be taken as true and acceptable. So encountering misinformation when children surf online is unavoidable. If children have some experience working in controlled but imperfect environments where they are constantly encountering things that aren’t quite right, and we show them the process for figuring out what is actually true and not, that will set them up with the expectation to be more critical. Orticio said, “Rather than trying to sanitize their online environments, parents should have discussions with their children about how to check claims and talk about what they’re seeing. ” It’s not that we need to enhance their skepticism. It’s that we need to give them the ability to use that skepticism to their advantage. 1．Why should children be exposed to more misinformation online? A．To maintain their level of skepticism. B．To help them adjust to misinformation. C．To equip them with fact-checking skills. D．To lower their expectations of information. 2．What mistake do parents probably make according to paragraph 3? A．Gathering false information online. B．Creating online accounts for their kids. C．Robbing their kids of a sense of security. D．Taking imperfect platforms for safe places. 3．What does the underlined word “sanitize” in the last paragraph mean? A．Adapt to. B．Rely on. C．Figure out. D．Clean up. 4．What should parents offer to help children explore the online world? A．Proper guidance. B．Good digital resources. C．Prevention strategies. D．Limited Internet access. 话题2 环保与发展 Passage 1 When photojournalist Jasper Doest arrived in the Transylvanian Alps to document the coexistence of humans and wildlife, he found a story on the side of the road — a group of bears begging for food. This close encounter led to incredible photographs. But it also emphasizes the hurdles that conservationists (自然环境保护主义者) in Romania and elsewhere face in their efforts to restore and protect wild places. Tourists attracted by the region’s brown bears often give in to the temptation to feed them This can have disastrous effects. Usually shy around people, it takes just a few meals to get bears hooked on human food — and, after that, they don’t stay wild long. Instead, they can become dependent on humans for food, fueling more bear-human run-ins and putting bears in danger when they get too close. This region has seen a rise in bear-human conflicts. In 2023, there were 95 bear incidents, and a hiker was fatally mauled. This prompted officials to raise the annual bear kill quota. Doest also documented an attacked mother bear whose leg had been lost, forced to beg for food along the road. Bears fed by humans become “problem bears”, fueling local opposition to rewilding (再野生化) projects, as more forests mean more bears. While driving on a mountain pass, Doest and his assistant realized the bears were waiting for human handouts. They had completely changed their behavior. Doest saw other examples of how tourists’ handouts had changed the ecosystem. As he watched people feeding bears snacks like doughnuts, he realized the story of conversation in the region was as much about people as wildlife. “It isn’t just about rewilding — it’s about the opportunities and struggles rewilding brings us,” he says. “It’s about how to accept nature in our lives, and how we could benefit if we do it the right way.” So don’t feed the bears. You could save an animal’s life, and a community’s commitment to wildlife conservation. 1．What does the underlined word “hurdles” in paragraph 1 mean? A．Challenges. B．Responsibilities. C．Measures. D．Dangers. 2．What is the main reason for the increase in bear-human conflicts in the region? A．The growing number of tourists. B．The expansion of human settlements. C．The bears’ dependence on human food. D．The decrease in natural food sources for bears. 3．Why do some locals oppose rewilding projects? A．They believe that rewilding will attract more tourists. B．They fear that rewilding will harm the local economy. C．They think that rewilding is not effective in protecting wildlife. D．They worry that rewilding will cause more bear-human conflicts. 4．What is the author’s attitude towards feeding bears? A．Positive. B．Negative. C．Neutral. D．Indifferent. Passage 2 This week I visited Cambodia, and it could not have come at a “hotter” time, in the most literal sense of the word, because the temperatures in Siem Reap were almost 7°C above average. The night before, it rained in a few areas, and I could see the excitement around me with many calling their families to say, “It rained in my village!” But this sadly seemed to be an exception. In most areas of the country, farmers have been unable to plant the second rice crop, leading to economic hardship. As I made my way, in the sweltering heat, to visit a secondary school in the rural area in Siem Reap. As I walked from classroom to classroom, I wondered how learning outcomes must be impacted by the heat waves, and what would happen to the ability of children to learn, to play and to progress in school. But what made me excited was learning about the after-school programme on handling environmental challenges. As temperatures are rising, so are children rising to the occasion. Through the life skills training programme, students in Grade 9, learn to analyse problems, learn to work together, learn to find solutions. The programme also helps them to understand the environmental challenges of today’s world and how as young people they can be part of the solution. In the afternoon, I went to see the impact of their work in the field. We had lunch with the community leaders and youth volunteers as well as a 12-year-old student from the school. They showed me what they had done in terms of waste management. The village was clean and green. And the community leader said to me, “I am grateful for this programme.” During the chat I thought young people can be and must be part of the solution. They may not be rainmakers, but they certainly are change makers! 1．What does the author mean by saying the underlined words? A．Lack of rain is bad for planting crop. B．Raining less upsets some Cambodians. C．Cambodia is suffering from drought. D．Some of Cambodians dislike heave rain. 2．What did the author feel when seeing Cambodian students? A．Concerned. B．Full of admiration. C．Annoyed. D．Filled with stress. 3．What is the purpose of setting up the programme? A．To improve the students’ life skills. B．To demonstrate environmental protection. C．To introduce a new method to deal with waste. D．To improve students’ awareness of protecting their environment. 4．What is the main topic of paragraph 5? A．The process of waste management in the village. B．The author’s lunch experience with different people. C．The introduction of the after-school programme in detail. D．The impact of students’ work on the village environment. 话题3 科学与技术 Passage 1 ChatGPT is back in the headlines again as OpenAI, the company behind the incredibly popular chatbot, has now introduced a powerful new language model-GPT-4. First announced on March 14, GPT-4 goes beyond the capability of the previous language model known as GPT-3.5. The most impressive new feature is its ability to use images as prompts (提示). Its image-based outputs can be as simple as describing the contents of a refrigerator. But they can also be complex like interpreting a series of images to explain what a joke is supposed to be. But GPT-4’s advancements don’t stop there. The new language model can code classic games like Tetris in a matter of minutes, produce the code and layout for a website based on a hand-made drawing, and change the tone and style of its responses. And, perhaps to the worry of teachers, GPT-4’s ability to pass tests has greatly topped the previous version’s. According to CNN, GPT-4 passed a simulated law school bar exam with a score in the top 10 percent of test takers, unlike GPT-3.5 which only scored at the bottom 10 percent. GPT-4 will also see greater use as a tool to power other apps and services. Duolingo, a US educational technology company, plans to use GPT-4 in their upcoming Duolingo Max function to help users improve their language studies through dynamic AI conversations and answer explanations. Another organization looking to use the software is Be My Eyes, which wants to introduce a digital assistant to help visually impaired users better understand the world around them. Even the government of Iceland plans on creating a five-year fund to support the digital preservation of the Icelandic language using the software. However, there are still weaknesses in the new language model. GPT-4 still struggles to be completely accurate with its responses, especially with newer information after September 2021. GPT-4 also still occasionally “hallucinates (产生错觉)” meaning that it will insist that wrong information is true. 1．What is the most outstanding new feature of GPT-4’s ability? A．To code classic games quickly. B．To produce website layouts. C．To use images as prompts. D．To change the style of its responses. 2．How did GPT-4 perform in a simulated law school bar exam? A．Its result was unsatisfying. B．Its score was in the middle range. C．It ranked in the bottom 10 percent. D．It achieved a score in the top 10. 3．How is the government of Iceland planning to use GPT-4? A．To preserve its language digitally. B．To improve its work efficiency. C．To improve students’ language learning. D．To develop a digital learning assistant. 4．What does the expression “visually impaired users” in Paragraph 4 mean? A．People who can’t hear well. B．Those who have difficulty seeing. C．Those suffering from heart problem. D．People suffering from cancer. Passage 2 A team of engineers at Harvard University has been inspired by Nature to create the first robotic fly. The mechanical fly has become a platform for a series of new high-tech integrated systems. Designed to do what a fly does naturally, the tiny machine is the size of a fat housefly. Its mini wings allow it to stay in the air and perform controlled flight tasks. “It’s extremely important for us to think about this as a whole system and not just the sum of a bunch of individual components (元件),” said Robert Wood, the Harvard engineering professor who has been working on the robotic fly project for over a decade. A few years ago, his team got the go-ahead to start piecing together the components. “The added difficulty with a project like this is that actually none of those components are off the shelf and so we have to develop them all on our own,” he said. They engineered a series of systems to start and drive the robotic fly. “The seemingly simple system which just moves the wings has a number of interdependencies on the individual components, each of which individually has to perform well, but then has to be matched well to everything it’s connected to,” said Wood. The flight device was built into a set of power, computation, sensing and control systems. Wood says the success of the project proves that the flying robot with these tiny components can be built and manufactured. While this first robotic flyer is linked to a small, off-board power source, the goal is eventually to equip it with a built-in power source, so that it might someday perform data-gathering work at rescue sites, in farmers’ fields or on the battlefield. “Basically it should be able to take off, land and fly around,” he said. Wood says the design offers a new way to study flight mechanics and control at insect-scale. Yet, the power, sensing and computation technologies on board could have much broader applications. “You can start thinking about using them to answer open scientific questions, you know, to study biology in ways that would be difficult with the animals, but using these robots instead,” he said. “So there are a lot of technologies and open interesting scientific questions that are really what drives us on a day to day basis.” 1．The difficulty the team of engineers met with while making the robotic fly was that __________. A．they had no model in their mind B．they did not have sufficient time C．they had no ready-made components D．they could not assemble the components 2．It can be inferred from paragraphs 3 and 4 that the robotic fly __________. A．consists of a flight device and a control system B．can just fly in limited areas at the present time C．can collect information from many sources D．has been put into wide application 3．Which of the following can be learned from the passage? A．The robotic flyer is designed to learn about insects. B．Animals are not allowed in biological experiments. C．There used to be few ways to study how insects fly. D．Wood’s design can replace animals in some experiments. 4．Which of the following might be the best title of the passage? A．Father of Robotic Fly B．Inspiration from Engineering Science C．Robotic Fly Imitates Real Life Insect D．Harvard Breaks Through in Insect Study 话题4 生活与学习 Passage 1 Jenn Larson was just 14 years old. When she knew how challenging it was for her parents, who lacked any college education, to properly manage the earnings of farming, she took it over immediately. This started a lifelong passion for finance (财务), and it led her down an unexpected path to becoming a role model she never had. Yet, such ambitions ran in obvious contrast to everything familiar to her. “I didn’t have any advisors,” Larson says. “I didn’t have anyone to look up to for a professional example. All the women I met were stay-at-home moms.” Despite having parents who couldn’t fully understand her ambitions, Larson went to the BYU Marriott School, where she earned a business degree and focused much of her coursework on international finance. Larson worked for seven years as a financial representative with Northwestern Mutual, advising clients on important financial decisions. Larson returned to BYU Marriott in 2008 to earn an MBA, and accepted a position in the school as an assistant professor following her graduation. For more than a decade, Larson has taught finance classes to undergraduate and MBA students. While she teaches finance, Larson tries to help her students see how mastering finance principles can also impact their personal lives. Constantly balancing motherhood and work, Larson makes adjustments to the way she teaches. She gave birth to her first three children in three years while teaching at BYU Marriott, wondering at times if labor might start while in front of a class full of students. At one time, Larson taught online classes from her dining room table while taking care of a newborn and other young children at home. As a female instructor in the often male-dominated finance industry, Larson works to inspire other women who seek a similar path to hers. Larson became the role model that she never had, the example that a 14-year-old girl staring at a farming expense sheet couldn't find. Now, Larson's children and students will always have that example. 1．What made Larson develop a lifelong passion for finance? A．Her experience of managing earnings of farming. B．Her strong desire for college education. C．The high expectations from her parents. D．The challenging labor on her dairy farm. 2．What problem did Larson face according to Paragraph 2? A．She had no one to ask for advice. B．She was unsure about the coursework. C．She was misunderstood by her neighbor. D．She was unfamiliar with everything at school. 3．Which of the following is true according to Paragraph 3? A．Larson returned to BYU Marriott in 2018 to earn an MBA． B．Larson taught finance classes only to MBA students. C．Larson tried to control her students’ personal lives. D．Larson worked as a financial representative with Northwestern Mutual. 4．What does the underlined word “labor” in Paragraph 4 probably mean? A．The work of looking after a baby. B．The process of dealing with students. C．The process of giving birth to a baby. D．The work of adjusting teaching methods. 5．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Following Your Interest. B．Balancing Work and Family. C．Becoming Your Own Role Model. D．Seeking a Way to Be Successful. Passage 2 On a humid morning, Nev Schulman ran six miles in 43 minutes in East Hampton, maintaining an impressive sub-6:30 pace for three miles. Afterward, he shared a selfie on Strava, proudly noting he had made the top 1% of all-time runners on that route. Later that day, while biking to pick up his son, Schulman crashed, flying over the handlebars and hitting a work truck. Paramedics rushed him to a nearby hospital, where X-rays revealed he had broken his neck but hadn’t suffered any broken fingers. Schulman underwent emergency operation at another hospital. Remarkably, he had feeling in all his limbs and began healing faster than expected. “New doctors and nurses came in every six or 12 hours, and they couldn’t believe I was mobile,” he recalled. “They were delighted to see that I had narrowly escaped paralysis. It was amazing. I spent six days in the ICU, then went home wearing a brace for five weeks.” Just five days later, he shared his experience Instagram, reflecting on his close call with paralysis. Growing up, Schulman was inspired by his father’s love for running, frequently attending New York City Marathon finish lines with him. Although he didn’t start running competitively until later in life, he completed five marathons, achieving a personal best of 2:58．After his accident, Schulman faced uncertainty about participating in the upcoming NYC Marathon. However, his friend Francesco Magisano, a blind athlete, encouraged him to guide him in the race. With his recovery progressing well, Schulman realized he could both participate and help someone else achieve their marathon goals. And he did it! “My whole life, I’ve wished I were fitter and stronger,” he said. “But when I discovered running, I knew this is what I love. Life is a gift, and so too is the running life.” This Sunday, with his family and his friend waiting to cheer him on, a grateful Schulman gets to run the marathon for the sixth time, one step at a time. 1．What does the underlined part “close call” in paragraph 3 mean? A．A minor injury. B．A near miss. C．An unexpected encounter. D．A planned event. 2．According to paragraph 4, what motivated Schulman to run again? A．His goal to break a personal record. B．His desire to prove himself to his family. C．His friend’s request to lead him through the race. D．His childhood memories of running with his father. 3．Which of the following words best describe Schulman? A．Quiet and considerate. B．Strict and productive. C．Humorous and generous. D．Determined and helpful. 4．What message does Schulman’s story convey? A．The early bird catches the worm. B．A friend in need is a friend indeed. C．Good things come to those who wait. D．What doesn’t kill you makes you stronger. 话题5 社会与服务 Passage 1 Every April I am troubled by the same concern that spring might not occur this year. The landscape looks dull, with hills, sky and forest appearing grey. My spirits ebb, as they did during an April snowfall when I first came to Maine. “Just wait,” a neighbour advised. “You’ll wake up one morning and spring will just be here.” And look, on 3 May that year I awoke to a green so amazing as to be almost electric, as if spring were simply a matter of flipping a switch. Hills, sky, and forest revealed their purples, blues, and greens. Leaves had unfolded and daffodils were fighting their way heavenward. Then there was the old apple tree. It sits on an undeveloped lot in my neighbourhood. It belongs to no one and therefore to everyone. The tree’s dark twisted branches stretch out in unpruned abandon. Each spring it blossoms so freely that the air becomes filled with the scent of apple. Until last year, I thought I was the only one aware of this tree. And then one day, in a bit of spring madness, I set out to remove a few disorderly branches. No sooner had I arrived under the tree than neighbours opened their windows and stepped onto their porches. These were people I barely knew and seldom spoke to, but it was as if I had come uninvited into their personal gardens. My mobile-home neighbour was the first to speak. “You’re not cutting it down, are you?” she asked anxiously. Another neighbour frowned as I cut off a branch. “Don’t kill it, now,” he warned. Soon, half the neighbourhood had joined me under the apple tree. It struck me that I had lived there for five years and only now was learning these people’s names, what they did for a living, and how they passed the winter. It was as if the old apple tree was gathering us under its branches for the purpose of both acquaintanceship and shared wonder. I couldn’t help recalling Robert Frost’s words: The trees that have it in their pent-up buds To darken nature and be summer woods One thaw (解冻) led to another. Just the other day, I saw one of my neighbours at the local store. He remarked how this recent winter had been especially long and complained of not having seen or spoken at length to anyone in our neighbourhood. And then, he looked at me and said, “We need to prune that apple tree again.” 1．By saying that “my spirits ebb” in paragraph 1, the author means that . A．he feels relieved B．he is cheerful C．he is astonished D．he feels blue 2．Which of the following is TRUE about the apple tree according to the passage? A．No one other than the author cares about the apple tree. B．It grows on public property. C．It is a source of fresh fruit for the neighbourhood D．It is carefully attended to by the author. 3．It can be inferred from the neighbour’s words in the last paragraph that . A．He has a passion for gardening. B．He was concerned about the safety of the tree. C．He enjoyed the company of his neighbours. D．He changed his mind about pruning the tree. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．The Beauty of Nature B．The Secret of the Apple Tree. C．Under the Blossoms. D．The Spring in Maine. Passage 2 McGriff was in her second year of university when she read Half the Sky, which examines the unfair treatment of women in developing countries. She was shocked to learn that 129 million girls worldwide do not have access to school. “In much of the world, women and girls are responsible for household duties,” said McGriff, “It’s seen that girls won’t ever be putting their education to use.” Additionally, many poor families can’t afford girls’ tuition fees, school supplies and uniforms (校服). Yet, studies have shown that providing free uniforms can reduce dropout rates by 16% and absenteeism by more than 35%. This simple solution took root in McGriff’s mind and started her journey helping girls transform their lives. As she took an entrepreneurship (创业) class, she was tasked with creating a business or nonprofit for a class project, which reminded her of the idea of the school uniform. Soon she developed an idea. After conducting field research, McGriff returned home, presented her education project at entrepreneurship competitions and won $35, 000 in startup fund. Eventually she established her nonprofit, Style Her Empowered (SHE), to bring her vision to life. That first year, the group hired local tailors and provided uniforms and school fees for65 girls. But they soon ran into a problem — the students were outgrowing quickly. To address this, McGriff’s team, together with local tailors and students, designed an innovative “growing uniform” which could be adjusted to fit a girl for up to three years, accommodating six different sizes. Today, SHE serves girls in 20 rural villages in southern Togo, providing 1, 500 girls a year with free uniforms, school fees, supplies, tutoring, and much more. Once enrolled, students receive weekly tutoring. As a result, SHE’s students consistently pass their exams at higher rates than the national average. “Our students have increased their performance in school dramatically,” McGriff said. “If given the opportunity, they shine.” 1．What contributes to girls’ high dropout rates according to paragraph 2? A．Financial difficulty. B．Family conflict. C．Academic performance. D．School arrangement. 2．When did McGriff start her nonprofit organization? A．After she analyzed the data of studies. B．When she learned about girls’ dropout rates. C．When she won entrepreneurship competitions. D．After she read a book on girls’ unfair treatment. 3．How did SHE settle the issue of uniforms for girls? A．By hiring famous local tailors. B．By creating adjustable uniforms. C．By providing uniforms of various sizes. D．By increasing the school uniform budget. 4．Why does the writer mention the school performance of SHE’s students? A．To highlight their hard work. B．To suggest the popularity of SHE. C．To indicate their further development. D．To show the effectiveness of SHE’s practice. 话题6 做人与做事 Passage 1 My mother fastened the golden butterfly pendant (吊坠项链) behind my neck. In her eyes, I saw pride for the first woman in our family to achieve a university education. My mother’s dreams of becoming a teacher and my grandmother’s dreams of finishing school now came true. I realized I was standing on their shoulders. It was all their hard work, the endless housework and their resilience (韧性) that had brought me to this moment. My grandmother Aspasia loved to tell us stories of her first years at elementary school on the small island of Chios, Greece: the songs she learned, her calligraphic handwriting and her good marks. All this changed in Grade 4 when the family sent her to a local embroideress to learn the trade. And after she got married at 23, she had to abandon her needlepoint and devoted the rest of her life to her family, raising four children. My mother Poppy was able to finish high school on Chios. She was an excellent student, and her parents encouraged her to follow her dream of becoming a teacher. Unfortunately, the Greek civil war broke out. She ended up marrying and looking after her family. As I grew up on Chios, my mother always suggested strongly that I should get the university education that she was deprived (剥夺) of. When I started going to school, all I ever had to say to escape housework was that I needed to study. Sometimes I wanted to help her out with cooking or baking, but my mother would say, “No. Go back to your homework! That is your main job. That takes priority!” On my university graduation, my mother presented me with my grandma’s special pendant. My heart was flooded with appreciation. I took my mother’s hands in mine and kissed them. “Thank you. for everything!” Months after my university graduation, I got a scholarship to pursue graduate studies in Ancient Classics in England. One night, my grandmother appeared in my dreams standing at the doorway of my student room. She told me how proud she was that I was following my dream of education, one that was denied to the previous generations of our family’s women. “You have come a long way!” she said. 1．What can be inferred about the author’s university education from Paragraph 1? A．She achieved it because of her resilience. B．She never dreamed of going to university. C．It brought pride to her family and herself. D．It meant the realization of her parents’ college dreams. 2．What can we learn about the author’s mother and grandmother? A．They gave up their education because of war. B．They supported their families when they were young. C．They regretted not having studied harder at school. D．They had financial problems throughout their lives. 3．How did the author’s mother influence her as she grew up? A．She advised the author to focus on study. B．She limited the author’s use of the internet. C．She forced the author to do housework. D．She pushed the author to be a teacher. 4．How did the author feel when her mother presented her with the pendant? A．Surprised. B．Apologetic. C．Disappointed. D．Thankful. Passage 2 When learning a foreign language, most people fall back on traditional ways: reading, writing, listening and repeating. But Brian Mathias’ research team found out that if you gesture(做手势) with your arms while studying, you can remember the vocabulary better, even months later. As Mathias describes, they had 22 German-speaking adults learn a total of 90 invented words over four days. While the test subjects first heard the new vocabulary, they were shown a video of a person making a gesture that matched the meaning of the word. When the word was repeated, the subjects performed the gesture themselves. Five months later, they were asked to translate the vocabulary they had learned into German. At the same time, they had equipment attached to their heads that sent weak distracting signals to their primary motor cortex(运动皮层) — the brain area that controls voluntary arm movements. Those who performed better on the task showed a higher level of activity in their motor cortex. The researchers concluded that the motor cortex contributed to the translation of the vocabulary learned with gestures. The effect did not occur when the subjects were only presented with matching pictures instead of gestures. Another research group led by Leipzig had young adults and eight-year-old children listen to new vocabulary for five days, paired with matching pictures or videos of gestures. After two months, the two methods were still equally effective. But after six months, the adults benefited more from the gestures than the pictures, while the children were helped equally by both. But it is not only the motor cortex itself that promotes learning. The meaning expressed by the gesture also figures in, “I think we underuse gesture in our classrooms,” Goldin-Meadow says. “Good teachers and good listeners use it, but not always in a systematic way. Others don’t necessarily bring it into the class — and it could be used more often and more effectively.” 1．What do we know according to Brian Mathias’ research? A．Those only presented with matching pictures performed better. B．The motor cortex had nothing to do with the vocabulary learning. C．The research concluded that gestures benefited vocabulary learning. D．22 German-speaking adults and children were chosen as the test subjects. 2．Why was equipment attached to the subjects’ heads during Mathias’ test? A．To count words. B．To record emotion. C．To influence brain activity. D．To give clues to questions. 3．What does Leipzig’s research tell us about language learning? A．Adults and children are equally good learners. B．Pictures have little influence on language learning. C．Pictures are found more helpful than videos for children. D．Benefits of gestures are more obvious in adults in the long run. 4．What does the author suggest teachers do in the classroom? A．Make better use of gestures. B．Teach listening in a systematic way. C．Avoid traditional teaching approaches. D．Do some scientific researches on teaching. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $考前押题03 阅读理解常考话题(期末专项训练) 话题1 社会与文化 话题4 生活与学习 话题2 环保与发展 话题5 社会与服务 话题3 科学与技术 话题6 做人与做事 1 / 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 话题1 社会与文化 Passage 1 A young woman has announced the news of her own death after a battle with cancer, while sharing her wishes for her grieving loved ones. Daniella Thackray, a 25-year-old from Leeds, took to social media to share her heart-breaking final words, after an eight-month battle with the rare disease, cholangiocarcinoma, a type of cancer that forms in the bile ducts. The emotional message paid tribute (致敬) to her family, fiancé Tom, and dog Leo, as she encouraged her loved ones to “enjoy the little things” in life and “cherish every moment” after she had “gone”. She wrote: “If you’re reading this, then it means I have died from my battle with cancer and my family are posting my final message on my behalf.” “Firstly, I just want to say that not all cancers are caused by lifestyle choices, in some cases it’s genetics or unfortunately it just happens. In my case, despite me being very healthy and active, a cancer started in my bile ducts which was not caused by anything in my control and my life was never the same again.” Despite her devastating (毁灭性的) diagnosis, she chose “not to mourn life” and made the most of her time. “So with that being said, although we can’t control what happens to us, we can control how we react. I chose not to mourn the life I was losing despite being so devastated, but to enjoy every moment I had left.” Daniella added. Her message has already gained more than 30,000 likes, while hundreds of people rushed to leave their condolences (吊唁) to her loved ones. One person wrote, “Such courageous words from someone that I’ve never met. What a wonderful message to leave us with, may you rest in paradise.” 1．Why did Daniella share her final words on social media? A．To encourage her loved ones to enjoy life. B．To highlight the seriousness of her disease. C．To describe her battle against the deadly cancer. D．To attract people’s attention to her sufferings. 2．What can be inferred from Daniella’s words in paragraph 4? A．She hoped to promote research into genetically related cancers. B．She believed lifestyle was the main factor in most cancer cases. C．She was angry at the medical community for not finding the exact cause. D．She wanted to relieve the possible guilt of those with similar conditions. 3．Which of the following best describes Daniella’s personality? A．Weak and sensitive. B．Caring and optimistic. C．Mean and self-centered. D．Ambitious and hardworking. 4．What can we learn from people’s responses to Daniella’s message online? A．Many people knew her a lot. B．Social media is very powerful. C．Her story touched a lot of people. D．Everyone agreed with her views on cancer causes. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了一位年轻的癌症患者Daniella在去世之前通过社交媒体发布关于她生命最后时刻的感悟和对家人朋友的劝勉的信息，内容感人至深，激发了网友的共鸣和悼念。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“as she encouraged her loved ones to “enjoy the little things” in life and “cherish every moment” after she had “gone”.(因为她鼓励她的亲人珍惜生活中的小事，珍惜每一刻，即使她“不在了”)可知，Daniella的目的是通过她的最后话语来鼓励她的亲人享受生活，故选A。 2．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Firstly, I just want to say that not all cancers are caused by lifestyle choices, in some cases it’s genetics or unfortunately it just happens. (首先，我想说的是，并不是所有的癌症都是由生活方式的选择引起的，在某些情况下，这是遗传的，或者不幸的是，它只是发生了)”可知，Daniella想让大家明白有些癌症是无法控制的，以减轻那些与她有类似病情者的内疚感，故选D。 3．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“A young woman has announced the news of her own death after a battle with cancer, while sharing her wishes for her grieving loved ones.(一名年轻女子在与癌症作斗争后宣布了自己的死讯，同时分享了她对悲伤的亲人的祝福)”以及第五段中“although we can’t control what happens to us, we can control how we react. I chose not to mourn the life I was losing despite being so devastated, but to enjoy every moment I had left (虽然我们无法控制发生在我们身上的事情，但我们可以选择如何应对。我选择去享受生命中剩下的每一刻，而不是哀悼自己正在失去的生活)”可见，她是一个充满关怀、积极乐观的人，故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Her message has already gained more than 30,000 likes, while hundreds of people rushed to leave their condolences (吊唁) to her loved ones(她的消息已经收到了超过3万的点赞，同时有成百上千的人赶来对她的家人表示悼念)”可知，Daniella的故事打动了许多人，故选C。 Passage 2 In an age when online misinformation is seemingly everywhere and objective facts are frequently questioned, some psychologists have presented a solution: Expose young children to more misinformation online — not less. Doing so in limited circumstances, and with careful oversight and education, can help children gain the tools they’ll need to tell fact from falsehood online, said Evan Orticio, a Ph. D．student in UC Berkeley’s Department of Psychology. “Children are born with skepticismc (质疑) and they can adapt their level of skepticism according to the quality of information they’ve seen before in a digital context,” Orticio said. “They can use their expectations of how this digital environment works to make reasonable adjustments to how much they trust or distrust information. ” Minors encounter health misinformation within minutes of creating a TikTok account. Even platforms intended for young audiences like YouTube Kids have become spaces for misinformation. That’s a particular problem because parents may have the impression that these are safe places their kids can explore. That may give a false sense of security and allow falsehoods and problematic content to go unchecked and be taken as true and acceptable. So encountering misinformation when children surf online is unavoidable. If children have some experience working in controlled but imperfect environments where they are constantly encountering things that aren’t quite right, and we show them the process for figuring out what is actually true and not, that will set them up with the expectation to be more critical. Orticio said, “Rather than trying to sanitize their online environments, parents should have discussions with their children about how to check claims and talk about what they’re seeing. ” It’s not that we need to enhance their skepticism. It’s that we need to give them the ability to use that skepticism to their advantage. 1．Why should children be exposed to more misinformation online? A．To maintain their level of skepticism. B．To help them adjust to misinformation. C．To equip them with fact-checking skills. D．To lower their expectations of information. 2．What mistake do parents probably make according to paragraph 3? A．Gathering false information online. B．Creating online accounts for their kids. C．Robbing their kids of a sense of security. D．Taking imperfect platforms for safe places. 3．What does the underlined word “sanitize” in the last paragraph mean? A．Adapt to. B．Rely on. C．Figure out. D．Clean up. 4．What should parents offer to help children explore the online world? A．Proper guidance. B．Good digital resources. C．Prevention strategies. D．Limited Internet access. 【答案】1. C 2．D 3．D 4．A 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章讲述在网络虚假信息泛滥的时代，一些心理学家建议让孩子适当接触虚假信息，家长应给予指导，帮助孩子学会辨别网络信息真假 。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“Doing so in limited circumstances, and with careful oversight and education, can help children gain the tools they’ll need to tell fact from falsehood online, said Evan Orticio, a Ph. D. student in UC Berkeley’s Department of Psychology.(加州大学伯克利分校心理学系的博士生Evan Orticio说，在有限的情况下，并在仔细的监督和教育下这样做，可以帮助孩子们获得他们在网上辨别真假所需的工具)”可知，让孩子们接触更多网络错误信息是为了使他们具备核实事实的技能。故选C项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“That’s a particular problem because parents may have the impression that these are safe places their kids can explore.(这是一个特别的问题，因为家长们可能会觉得这些是他们孩子可以探索的安全地方)” 可知，家长可能犯的错误是把不完美的平台当作安全的地方。故选D项。 3．词句猜测题。根据最后一段“Rather than trying to sanitize their online environments, parents should have discussions with their children about how to check claims and talk about what they’re seeing.(与其试图sanitize他们的网络环境，父母应该和他们的孩子讨论如何核实信息，并谈论他们所看到的内容)”并结合语境可知，这里是说与其清理网络环境，不如教孩子辨别，所以sanitize意思是“清理，净化”，与Clean up意思相近。故选D项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段““Rather than trying to sanitize their online environments, parents should have discussions with their children about how to check claims and talk about what they’re seeing. ” It’s not that we need to enhance their skepticism. It’s that we need to give them the ability to use that skepticism to their advantage.(“与其试图净化他们的网络环境，父母应该和他们的孩子讨论如何核实信息，并谈论他们所看到的内容。”这并不是说我们需要加强他们的怀疑。而是我们需要让他们有能力利用这种怀疑主义)”可知，父母应该为孩子探索网络世界提供适当的指导。故选A项。 话题2 环保与发展 Passage 1 When photojournalist Jasper Doest arrived in the Transylvanian Alps to document the coexistence of humans and wildlife, he found a story on the side of the road — a group of bears begging for food. This close encounter led to incredible photographs. But it also emphasizes the hurdles that conservationists (自然环境保护主义者) in Romania and elsewhere face in their efforts to restore and protect wild places. Tourists attracted by the region’s brown bears often give in to the temptation to feed them This can have disastrous effects. Usually shy around people, it takes just a few meals to get bears hooked on human food — and, after that, they don’t stay wild long. Instead, they can become dependent on humans for food, fueling more bear-human run-ins and putting bears in danger when they get too close. This region has seen a rise in bear-human conflicts. In 2023, there were 95 bear incidents, and a hiker was fatally mauled. This prompted officials to raise the annual bear kill quota. Doest also documented an attacked mother bear whose leg had been lost, forced to beg for food along the road. Bears fed by humans become “problem bears”, fueling local opposition to rewilding (再野生化) projects, as more forests mean more bears. While driving on a mountain pass, Doest and his assistant realized the bears were waiting for human handouts. They had completely changed their behavior. Doest saw other examples of how tourists’ handouts had changed the ecosystem. As he watched people feeding bears snacks like doughnuts, he realized the story of conversation in the region was as much about people as wildlife. “It isn’t just about rewilding — it’s about the opportunities and struggles rewilding brings us,” he says. “It’s about how to accept nature in our lives, and how we could benefit if we do it the right way.” So don’t feed the bears. You could save an animal’s life, and a community’s commitment to wildlife conservation. 1．What does the underlined word “hurdles” in paragraph 1 mean? A．Challenges. B．Responsibilities. C．Measures. D．Dangers. 2．What is the main reason for the increase in bear-human conflicts in the region? A．The growing number of tourists. B．The expansion of human settlements. C．The bears’ dependence on human food. D．The decrease in natural food sources for bears. 3．Why do some locals oppose rewilding projects? A．They believe that rewilding will attract more tourists. B．They fear that rewilding will harm the local economy. C．They think that rewilding is not effective in protecting wildlife. D．They worry that rewilding will cause more bear-human conflicts. 4．What is the author’s attitude towards feeding bears? A．Positive. B．Negative. C．Neutral. D．Indifferent. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．D 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了摄影记者Jasper Doest在罗马尼亚特兰西瓦尼亚阿尔卑斯山的所见所闻，强调了人类活动对野生动物的影响以及保护野生环境的挑战。 1．词句猜测题。由文章第一段中“When photojournalist Jasper Doest arrived in the Transylvanian Alps to document the coexistence of humans and wildlife, he found a story on the side of the road — a group of bears begging for food. This close encounter led to incredible photographs. But it also emphasizes the hurdles that conservationists (自然环境保护主义者) in Romania and elsewhere face in their efforts to restore and protect wild places. (当摄影记者Jasper Doest抵达特兰西瓦尼亚阿尔卑斯山，记录人类与野生动物共存的场景时，他在路边发现了一个故事——一群熊在乞求食物。这次近距离的遭遇让他拍摄到了令人惊叹的照片。但这同时也凸显了罗马尼亚和其他地方的环保人士在恢复和保护野生环境方面所面临的hurdles)”可知，一群熊在乞求食物，而不是自己寻找食物，这反应了自然环境保护主义者在恢复和保护野生环境方面所面临的挑战，hurdles的含义是“挑战”，与“Challenges(挑战)”意思相符。故选A。 2．细节理解题。由文章第二段中“Usually shy around people, it takes just a few meals to get bears hooked on human food — and, after that, they don’t stay wild long. Instead, they can become dependent on humans for food, fueling more bear-human run-ins and putting bears in danger when they get too close. This region has seen a rise in bear-human conflicts. (棕熊通常对人类很害羞，但只要吃过几次人类的食物，它们就会上瘾——之后，它们就不会再保持野性多久。相反，它们可能会变得依赖人类获取食物，这会导致更多熊与人类的冲突，而当它们靠得太近时，熊也会陷入危险。该地区熊与人类的冲突已经有所增加)”可知，该地区熊与人冲突增加的主要原因是熊对人类食物的依赖。故选C。 3．推理判断题。由文章第三段中“Bears fed by humans become “problem bears”, fueling local opposition to rewilding (再野生化) projects, as more forests mean more bears. (被人类喂食的熊变成了“问题熊”，这加剧了当地对再野生化项目的反对，因为更多的森林意味着更多的熊)”可知，一些当地人反对再野生化项目是因为他们担心这会导致更多的熊与人之间的冲突。故选D。 4．推理判断题。由文章最后一段中“So don’t feed the bears. You could save an animal’s life, and a community’s commitment to wildlife conservation. (所以不要给熊喂食。你可能会挽救一个动物的生命，以及一个社区对野生动物保护的承诺)”可知，作者对喂熊的态度是否定的。故选B。 Passage 2 This week I visited Cambodia, and it could not have come at a “hotter” time, in the most literal sense of the word, because the temperatures in Siem Reap were almost 7°C above average. The night before, it rained in a few areas, and I could see the excitement around me with many calling their families to say, “It rained in my village!” But this sadly seemed to be an exception. In most areas of the country, farmers have been unable to plant the second rice crop, leading to economic hardship. As I made my way, in the sweltering heat, to visit a secondary school in the rural area in Siem Reap. As I walked from classroom to classroom, I wondered how learning outcomes must be impacted by the heat waves, and what would happen to the ability of children to learn, to play and to progress in school. But what made me excited was learning about the after-school programme on handling environmental challenges. As temperatures are rising, so are children rising to the occasion. Through the life skills training programme, students in Grade 9, learn to analyse problems, learn to work together, learn to find solutions. The programme also helps them to understand the environmental challenges of today’s world and how as young people they can be part of the solution. In the afternoon, I went to see the impact of their work in the field. We had lunch with the community leaders and youth volunteers as well as a 12-year-old student from the school. They showed me what they had done in terms of waste management. The village was clean and green. And the community leader said to me, “I am grateful for this programme.” During the chat I thought young people can be and must be part of the solution. They may not be rainmakers, but they certainly are change makers! 1．What does the author mean by saying the underlined words? A．Lack of rain is bad for planting crop. B．Raining less upsets some Cambodians. C．Cambodia is suffering from drought. D．Some of Cambodians dislike heave rain. 2．What did the author feel when seeing Cambodian students? A．Concerned. B．Full of admiration. C．Annoyed. D．Filled with stress. 3．What is the purpose of setting up the programme? A．To improve the students’ life skills. B．To demonstrate environmental protection. C．To introduce a new method to deal with waste. D．To improve students’ awareness of protecting their environment. 4．What is the main topic of paragraph 5? A．The process of waste management in the village. B．The author’s lunch experience with different people. C．The introduction of the after-school programme in detail. D．The impact of students’ work on the village environment. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．A 4．D 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。本文讲述了作者在柬埔寨的所见所闻，包括当地面临的干旱问题以及学生们通过课外项目积极应对环境挑战的情况。 1．词句猜测题。根据上文“The night before, it rained in a few areas, and I could see the excitement around me with many calling their families to say, ‘It rained in my village!’(前一天晚上，一些地区下了雨，我看到周围的人都很兴奋，许多人打电话给家人说，‘我的村子里下雨了！’)”和下文“In most areas of the country, farmers have been unable to plant the second rice crop, leading to economic hardship.(在该国大部分地区，农民无法种植第二季水稻，导致经济困难)”可知，大部分地区没有下雨，农民无法种植第二季水稻，说明柬埔寨正遭受干旱。由此可知，划线句子指的是柬埔寨正在遭受干旱。故选C。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段“As I walked from classroom to classroom, I wondered how learning outcomes must be impacted by the heat waves, and what would happen to the ability of children to learn, to play and to progress in school.(当我从一间教室走到另一间教室时，我想知道热浪会对学习成果产生怎样的影响，以及孩子们的学习、玩耍和在学校进步的能力会发生什么变化)”可知，作者看到柬埔寨学生时，对他们的学习和生活状况感到担心。故选A。 3．推理判断题。根据第三段“Through the life skills training programme, students in Grade 9, learn to analyse problems, learn to work together, learn to find solutions. The programme also helps them to understand the environmental challenges of today’s world and how as young people they can be part of the solution.(通过生活技能培训项目，九年级的学生学会了分析问题、学会合作、学会找到解决方案。该项目还帮助他们了解当今世界面临的环境挑战，以及作为年轻人，他们如何能成为解决方案的一部分)”可知，设立这个项目的目的是提高学生的生活技能。故选A。 4．主旨大意题。根据第五段“In the afternoon, I went to see the impact of their work in the field. We had lunch with the community leaders and youth volunteers as well as a 12-year-old student from the school. They showed me what they had done in terms of waste management. The village was clean and green. And the community leader said to me, ‘I am grateful for this programme’.(下午，我去看了他们在实地工作的影响。我们与社区领导、青年志愿者以及学校的一名12岁学生一起吃了午饭。他们向我展示了他们在废物管理方面所做的工作。这个村庄干净整洁，绿意盎然。社区领导对我说:‘我很感激这个项目’)”可知，第五段主要讲述了作者实地查看学生工作对村庄环境的影响，发现村庄因学生的努力而变得干净整洁，社区领导对此表示感激。故选D。 话题3 科学与技术 Passage 1 ChatGPT is back in the headlines again as OpenAI, the company behind the incredibly popular chatbot, has now introduced a powerful new language model-GPT-4. First announced on March 14, GPT-4 goes beyond the capability of the previous language model known as GPT-3.5. The most impressive new feature is its ability to use images as prompts (提示). Its image-based outputs can be as simple as describing the contents of a refrigerator. But they can also be complex like interpreting a series of images to explain what a joke is supposed to be. But GPT-4’s advancements don’t stop there. The new language model can code classic games like Tetris in a matter of minutes, produce the code and layout for a website based on a hand-made drawing, and change the tone and style of its responses. And, perhaps to the worry of teachers, GPT-4’s ability to pass tests has greatly topped the previous version’s. According to CNN, GPT-4 passed a simulated law school bar exam with a score in the top 10 percent of test takers, unlike GPT-3.5 which only scored at the bottom 10 percent. GPT-4 will also see greater use as a tool to power other apps and services. Duolingo, a US educational technology company, plans to use GPT-4 in their upcoming Duolingo Max function to help users improve their language studies through dynamic AI conversations and answer explanations. Another organization looking to use the software is Be My Eyes, which wants to introduce a digital assistant to help visually impaired users better understand the world around them. Even the government of Iceland plans on creating a five-year fund to support the digital preservation of the Icelandic language using the software. However, there are still weaknesses in the new language model. GPT-4 still struggles to be completely accurate with its responses, especially with newer information after September 2021. GPT-4 also still occasionally “hallucinates (产生错觉)” meaning that it will insist that wrong information is true. 1．What is the most outstanding new feature of GPT-4’s ability? A．To code classic games quickly. B．To produce website layouts. C．To use images as prompts. D．To change the style of its responses. 2．How did GPT-4 perform in a simulated law school bar exam? A．Its result was unsatisfying. B．Its score was in the middle range. C．It ranked in the bottom 10 percent. D．It achieved a score in the top 10. 3．How is the government of Iceland planning to use GPT-4? A．To preserve its language digitally. B．To improve its work efficiency. C．To improve students’ language learning. D．To develop a digital learning assistant. 4．What does the expression “visually impaired users” in Paragraph 4 mean? A．People who can’t hear well. B．Those who have difficulty seeing. C．Those suffering from heart problem. D．People suffering from cancer. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．A 4．B 【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了新推出的强大的语言模型GPT-4。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“First announced on March 14, GPT-4 goes beyond the capability of the previous language model known as GPT-3.5. The most impressive new feature is its ability to use images as prompts (提示).(首次宣布于3月14日，GPT-4超越了之前被称为GPT-3.5的语言模型的能力。最令人印象深刻的新特性是它能够使用图像作为提示)”可知，GPT-4最出色的功能就是它能将图像作为提示，故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“According to CNN, GPT-4 passed a simulated law school bar exam with a score in the top 10 percent of test takers, unlike GPT-3.5 which only scored at the bottom 10 percent.(根据CNN报道，GPT-4通过了模拟法学院律师资格考试，其成绩排在考生的前10%，而GPT-3.5的成绩却在后10%)”可知，GPT-4的模拟律师资格考试的成绩排在考生的前10%，故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Even the government of Iceland plans on creating a five-year fund to support the digital preservation of the Icelandic language using the software.(甚至冰岛政府也计划设立一个为期五年的基金，支持使用该软件对冰岛语进行数字保护)”可知，冰岛政府想要通过来GPT-4数字化保存其语言，故选A。 4．词句猜测题。根据文章第二段“The most impressive new feature is its ability to use images as prompts (提示).(它最令人印象深刻的新功能就是它能够使用图像作为提示)”以及根据文章第四段“Another organization looking to use the software is Be My Eyes, which wants to introduce a digital assistant to help visually impaired users better understand the world around them.(另一个希望使用该软件的组织是Be My Eyes，他们希望引入一个数字助手来帮助visually impaired users更好地理解周围的世界)”可知，它最令人印象深刻的新功能就是它能够使用图像作为提示，所以“visually impaired users”指的是视力有障碍的人，故选B。 Passage 2 A team of engineers at Harvard University has been inspired by Nature to create the first robotic fly. The mechanical fly has become a platform for a series of new high-tech integrated systems. Designed to do what a fly does naturally, the tiny machine is the size of a fat housefly. Its mini wings allow it to stay in the air and perform controlled flight tasks. “It’s extremely important for us to think about this as a whole system and not just the sum of a bunch of individual components (元件),” said Robert Wood, the Harvard engineering professor who has been working on the robotic fly project for over a decade. A few years ago, his team got the go-ahead to start piecing together the components. “The added difficulty with a project like this is that actually none of those components are off the shelf and so we have to develop them all on our own,” he said. They engineered a series of systems to start and drive the robotic fly. “The seemingly simple system which just moves the wings has a number of interdependencies on the individual components, each of which individually has to perform well, but then has to be matched well to everything it’s connected to,” said Wood. The flight device was built into a set of power, computation, sensing and control systems. Wood says the success of the project proves that the flying robot with these tiny components can be built and manufactured. While this first robotic flyer is linked to a small, off-board power source, the goal is eventually to equip it with a built-in power source, so that it might someday perform data-gathering work at rescue sites, in farmers’ fields or on the battlefield. “Basically it should be able to take off, land and fly around,” he said. Wood says the design offers a new way to study flight mechanics and control at insect-scale. Yet, the power, sensing and computation technologies on board could have much broader applications. “You can start thinking about using them to answer open scientific questions, you know, to study biology in ways that would be difficult with the animals, but using these robots instead,” he said. “So there are a lot of technologies and open interesting scientific questions that are really what drives us on a day to day basis.” 1．The difficulty the team of engineers met with while making the robotic fly was that __________. A．they had no model in their mind B．they did not have sufficient time C．they had no ready-made components D．they could not assemble the components 2．It can be inferred from paragraphs 3 and 4 that the robotic fly __________. A．consists of a flight device and a control system B．can just fly in limited areas at the present time C．can collect information from many sources D．has been put into wide application 3．Which of the following can be learned from the passage? A．The robotic flyer is designed to learn about insects. B．Animals are not allowed in biological experiments. C．There used to be few ways to study how insects fly. D．Wood’s design can replace animals in some experiments. 4．Which of the following might be the best title of the passage? A．Father of Robotic Fly B．Inspiration from Engineering Science C．Robotic Fly Imitates Real Life Insect D．Harvard Breaks Through in Insect Study 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．D 4．C 【分析】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是哈佛大学从自然界的昆虫那里得到了灵感，设计开发了第一款机器苍蝇。文章介绍了该项研究存在的困难，研究将要发展的方向和该研究会带来的好处。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段的“The added difficulty with a project like this is that actually none of those components are off the shelf and so we have to develop them all on our own可知，类似这样的项目的一个额外的困难就是，这些组成部件从来就没有现成的，我们不得不靠自己去开发，从中可知，困难就是没有现成的组成部件，故选C。 2．推理判断题。根据第四段的“While this first robotic flyer is linked to a small, off-board power source, the goal is eventually to equip it with a built-in power source, so that it might someday perform data-gathering work at rescue sites, in farmers’ fields or on the battlefield”可知，虽然第一架机器人飞行器与一个小型非机载电源相连，但最终目标是为其配备一个内置电源，以便有朝一日它可以在救援地点、农民的田地或战场上执行数据收集工作。由此推知，目前由于电池等的限制，只能在有限的区域飞行，故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段的it might someday perform data-gathering work at rescue sites, in farmers’ fields or on the battlefield可知，A项是错误的。B项中animals are not allowed 是错的，应该是difficult with animals,即有些用动物来做试验是困难的，不是不允许。C项在文中并没有提到以前方法的多少，文中只是说offers a new way to study，提供了新的方法，故排除C项。根据最后一段的 you know, to study biology in ways that would be difficult with the animals，but using these robots instead，可知，用动物研究生物学会很难，但是机器人可以取代动物，所以在某些实验中，Wood的设计可以取代动物。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。由第一段“A team of engineers at Harvard University has been inspired by Nature to create the first robotic fly”可知，短文主要介绍的是哈佛大学从自然界的昆虫那里得到了灵感，设计开发了第一款机器苍蝇。所以短文的最佳标题是“机器苍蝇模仿现实生活中的昆虫” ，故选C。 话题4 生活与学习 Passage 1 Jenn Larson was just 14 years old. When she knew how challenging it was for her parents, who lacked any college education, to properly manage the earnings of farming, she took it over immediately. This started a lifelong passion for finance (财务), and it led her down an unexpected path to becoming a role model she never had. Yet, such ambitions ran in obvious contrast to everything familiar to her. “I didn’t have any advisors,” Larson says. “I didn’t have anyone to look up to for a professional example. All the women I met were stay-at-home moms.” Despite having parents who couldn’t fully understand her ambitions, Larson went to the BYU Marriott School, where she earned a business degree and focused much of her coursework on international finance. Larson worked for seven years as a financial representative with Northwestern Mutual, advising clients on important financial decisions. Larson returned to BYU Marriott in 2008 to earn an MBA, and accepted a position in the school as an assistant professor following her graduation. For more than a decade, Larson has taught finance classes to undergraduate and MBA students. While she teaches finance, Larson tries to help her students see how mastering finance principles can also impact their personal lives. Constantly balancing motherhood and work, Larson makes adjustments to the way she teaches. She gave birth to her first three children in three years while teaching at BYU Marriott, wondering at times if labor might start while in front of a class full of students. At one time, Larson taught online classes from her dining room table while taking care of a newborn and other young children at home. As a female instructor in the often male-dominated finance industry, Larson works to inspire other women who seek a similar path to hers. Larson became the role model that she never had, the example that a 14-year-old girl staring at a farming expense sheet couldn't find. Now, Larson's children and students will always have that example. 1．What made Larson develop a lifelong passion for finance? A．Her experience of managing earnings of farming. B．Her strong desire for college education. C．The high expectations from her parents. D．The challenging labor on her dairy farm. 2．What problem did Larson face according to Paragraph 2? A．She had no one to ask for advice. B．She was unsure about the coursework. C．She was misunderstood by her neighbor. D．She was unfamiliar with everything at school. 3．Which of the following is true according to Paragraph 3? A．Larson returned to BYU Marriott in 2018 to earn an MBA． B．Larson taught finance classes only to MBA students. C．Larson tried to control her students’ personal lives. D．Larson worked as a financial representative with Northwestern Mutual. 4．What does the underlined word “labor” in Paragraph 4 probably mean? A．The work of looking after a baby. B．The process of dealing with students. C．The process of giving birth to a baby. D．The work of adjusting teaching methods. 5．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Following Your Interest. B．Balancing Work and Family. C．Becoming Your Own Role Model. D．Seeking a Way to Be Successful. 【答案】1．A 2．A 3．D 4．C 5．C 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Jenn Larson14岁时接管了家里管理务农收入的工作，这使得她对财务产生了热情，之后她努力奋斗追逐自己的梦想，最终成为了自己的榜样。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“When she knew how challenging it was for her parents, who lacked any college education, to properly manage the earnings of farming, she took it over immediately. This started a lifelong passion for finance (财务), and it led her down an unexpected path to becoming a role model she never had.(当她知道，对于没有受过大学教育的父母来说，妥善管理务农收入是多么具有挑战性时，她立即接手了这个工作。这开启了她对财务的终生热情，并引导她走上了一条意想不到的道路，成为她从未有过的榜样。)”可知，Larson管理农业收益的经验让她对财务产生了终生的热情，故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中““I didn’t have any advisors,” Larson says. “I didn’t have anyone to look up to for a professional example. All the women I met were stay-at-home moms.”(“我没有任何顾问，”Larson说。“我没有任何人可以向我提供专业的榜样。我遇到的所有女性都是全职妈妈。”)”可知，Larson面临的问题是她没有人可以寻求建议。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Larson worked for seven years as a financial representative with Northwestern Mutual, advising clients on important financial decisions.(Larson)在西北互助银行 (Northwestern Mutual) 担任财务代表七年，为客户提供重要财务决策建议)”可知，Larson曾担任西北互助银行的财务代表。故选D。 4．词句猜测题。根据划线单词所在句子“She gave birth to her first three children in three years while teaching at BYU Marriott, wondering at times if labor might start while in front of a class full of students. (她在杨百翰大学万豪酒店任教期间，三年内生下了头三个孩子，有时她担心labor是否会在全班学生面前开始。)”可知，她在任教期间三年内生下了三个孩子，所以她有时会担心自己会在全班学生面前意外生下孩子，由此可推知，划线单词意为“生孩子”，故选C。 5．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中“This started a lifelong passion for finance (财务), and it led her down an unexpected path to becoming a role model she never had.(这开启了她对财务的终生热情，并引导她走上了一条意想不到的道路，成为她从未有过的榜样)”和最后一段中“Larson became the role model that she never had, the example that a 14-year-old girl staring at a farming expense sheet couldn't find. Now, Larson's children and students will always have that example.(Larson成为了她从未有过的榜样，一个14岁的女孩盯着农业支出表找不到的榜样。现在，Larson的孩子和学生将永远有这个榜样)”可知，文章主要讲述了Jenn Larson14岁时接管了家里管理务农收入的工作，这使得她对财务产生了热情，之后她努力奋斗追逐自己的梦想，最终成为了自己的榜样。C项“成为你自己的榜样”适合用作文章标题，故选C。 Passage 2 On a humid morning, Nev Schulman ran six miles in 43 minutes in East Hampton, maintaining an impressive sub-6:30 pace for three miles. Afterward, he shared a selfie on Strava, proudly noting he had made the top 1% of all-time runners on that route. Later that day, while biking to pick up his son, Schulman crashed, flying over the handlebars and hitting a work truck. Paramedics rushed him to a nearby hospital, where X-rays revealed he had broken his neck but hadn’t suffered any broken fingers. Schulman underwent emergency operation at another hospital. Remarkably, he had feeling in all his limbs and began healing faster than expected. “New doctors and nurses came in every six or 12 hours, and they couldn’t believe I was mobile,” he recalled. “They were delighted to see that I had narrowly escaped paralysis. It was amazing. I spent six days in the ICU, then went home wearing a brace for five weeks.” Just five days later, he shared his experience Instagram, reflecting on his close call with paralysis. Growing up, Schulman was inspired by his father’s love for running, frequently attending New York City Marathon finish lines with him. Although he didn’t start running competitively until later in life, he completed five marathons, achieving a personal best of 2:58．After his accident, Schulman faced uncertainty about participating in the upcoming NYC Marathon. However, his friend Francesco Magisano, a blind athlete, encouraged him to guide him in the race. With his recovery progressing well, Schulman realized he could both participate and help someone else achieve their marathon goals. And he did it! “My whole life, I’ve wished I were fitter and stronger,” he said. “But when I discovered running, I knew this is what I love. Life is a gift, and so too is the running life.” This Sunday, with his family and his friend waiting to cheer him on, a grateful Schulman gets to run the marathon for the sixth time, one step at a time. 1．What does the underlined part “close call” in paragraph 3 mean? A．A minor injury. B．A near miss. C．An unexpected encounter. D．A planned event. 2．According to paragraph 4, what motivated Schulman to run again? A．His goal to break a personal record. B．His desire to prove himself to his family. C．His friend’s request to lead him through the race. D．His childhood memories of running with his father. 3．Which of the following words best describe Schulman? A．Quiet and considerate. B．Strict and productive. C．Humorous and generous. D．Determined and helpful. 4．What message does Schulman’s story convey? A．The early bird catches the worm. B．A friend in need is a friend indeed. C．Good things come to those who wait. D．What doesn’t kill you makes you stronger. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述Nev Schulman热爱跑步，曾取得不错成绩。某天骑车接儿子时遭遇严重事故，脖子骨折但四肢恢复良好。事故后，盲人朋友Francesco Magisano鼓励他在比赛中为自己引路，他决定恢复跑步并帮助他人实现马拉松目标，最终第六次参加马拉松。 1．词句猜测题。根据前文“They were delighted to see that I had narrowly escaped paralysis. (她们很高兴看到我逃脱瘫痪)”可知，作者遭遇严重事故但奇迹般地没有受到更严重伤害，幸免于瘫痪，由此可推测“close call”意思是“死里逃生，险些遇险”，“A near - miss(幸免，差点出事)”符合语境。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段“However, his friend Francesco Magisano, a blind athlete, encouraged him to guide him in the race. With his recovery, he decided to participate and help someone else achieve their marathon goals(然而，他的朋友弗朗切斯科·马吉萨诺（Francesco Magisano）是一名盲人运动员，他鼓励舒曼在比赛中引导他。随着舒尔曼的恢复进展顺利，他意识到自己既可以参赛，又可以帮助他人实现马拉松目标。)”可知，是他朋友请求他在比赛中引导自己，这激励了他再次跑步。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段中“After his accident, Schulman faced uncertainty about participating in the upcoming NYC Marathon. However, his friend Francesco Magisano, a blind athlete, encouraged him to guide him in the race. With his recovery progressing well, Schulman realized he could both participate and help someone else achieve their marathon goals. And he did it!(在事故之后，舒尔曼面临着是否能参加即将到来的纽约马拉松的不确定性。然而，他的朋友弗朗切斯科·马吉萨诺（Francesco Magisano）是一名盲人运动员，他鼓励舒尔曼在比赛中引导他。随着舒尔曼的恢复进展顺利，他意识到自己既可以参赛，又可以帮助别人实现马拉松目标。他做到了！)”可知，他遭遇严重事故后很快恢复并再次参加马拉松，体现了他的“Determined(坚定的)”；同时他帮助盲人朋友实现马拉松目标，体现了他的“Helpful(乐于助人的)”。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，Schulman遭遇严重事故，但没有被打倒，反而恢复后继续追求自己热爱的马拉松并帮助他人，体现了“What doesn’t kill you makes you stronger.(没有杀死你的东西会让你更强大)”。A选项“早起的鸟儿有虫吃”、B选项“患难见真情”、C选项“好事降临到有耐心的人身上”均不符合。故选D。 话题5 社会与服务 Passage 1 Every April I am troubled by the same concern that spring might not occur this year. The landscape looks dull, with hills, sky and forest appearing grey. My spirits ebb, as they did during an April snowfall when I first came to Maine. “Just wait,” a neighbour advised. “You’ll wake up one morning and spring will just be here.” And look, on 3 May that year I awoke to a green so amazing as to be almost electric, as if spring were simply a matter of flipping a switch. Hills, sky, and forest revealed their purples, blues, and greens. Leaves had unfolded and daffodils were fighting their way heavenward. Then there was the old apple tree. It sits on an undeveloped lot in my neighbourhood. It belongs to no one and therefore to everyone. The tree’s dark twisted branches stretch out in unpruned abandon. Each spring it blossoms so freely that the air becomes filled with the scent of apple. Until last year, I thought I was the only one aware of this tree. And then one day, in a bit of spring madness, I set out to remove a few disorderly branches. No sooner had I arrived under the tree than neighbours opened their windows and stepped onto their porches. These were people I barely knew and seldom spoke to, but it was as if I had come uninvited into their personal gardens. My mobile-home neighbour was the first to speak. “You’re not cutting it down, are you?” she asked anxiously. Another neighbour frowned as I cut off a branch. “Don’t kill it, now,” he warned. Soon, half the neighbourhood had joined me under the apple tree. It struck me that I had lived there for five years and only now was learning these people’s names, what they did for a living, and how they passed the winter. It was as if the old apple tree was gathering us under its branches for the purpose of both acquaintanceship and shared wonder. I couldn’t help recalling Robert Frost’s words: The trees that have it in their pent-up buds To darken nature and be summer woods One thaw (解冻) led to another. Just the other day, I saw one of my neighbours at the local store. He remarked how this recent winter had been especially long and complained of not having seen or spoken at length to anyone in our neighbourhood. And then, he looked at me and said, “We need to prune that apple tree again.” 1．By saying that “my spirits ebb” in paragraph 1, the author means that . A．he feels relieved B．he is cheerful C．he is astonished D．he feels blue 2．Which of the following is TRUE about the apple tree according to the passage? A．No one other than the author cares about the apple tree. B．It grows on public property. C．It is a source of fresh fruit for the neighbourhood D．It is carefully attended to by the author. 3．It can be inferred from the neighbour’s words in the last paragraph that . A．He has a passion for gardening. B．He was concerned about the safety of the tree. C．He enjoyed the company of his neighbours. D．He changed his mind about pruning the tree. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．The Beauty of Nature B．The Secret of the Apple Tree. C．Under the Blossoms. D．The Spring in Maine. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．C 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者在缅因州经历的春天景象，以及一棵老苹果树如何成为邻里间交流和联系的纽带，展现了自然之美和邻里之间的温情。 1．词句猜测题。根据第一段中“Every April I am troubled by the same concern that spring might not occur this year. The landscape looks dull, with hills, sky and forest appearing grey. (每年四月，我都会被同样的担忧所困扰，担心今年春天不会到来。风景看起来单调乏味，山峦、天空和森林都是灰色的。)”以及“as they did during an April snowfall when I first came to Maine. (就像我第一次来到缅因州时四月的降雪一样。)”可知，作者初到缅因州时，四月的景色单调灰暗，甚至还下过雪，这样的景象让作者情绪低落，因此，“My spirits ebb ”指的是“he feels blue (他感到沮丧)”。故选D项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“It sits on an undeveloped lot in my neighbourhood. It belongs to no one and therefore to everyone. (它坐落在我家附近的一块未开发的土地上。它不属于任何人，因此属于每个人。)”可知，这棵苹果树生长不属于任何人地方，因此属于大家，即生长在公共土地上，属于公共财产。故选B项。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“He remarked how this recent winter had been especially long and complained of not having seen or spoken at length to anyone in our neighbourhood. And then, he looked at me and said, “We need to prune that apple tree again.” (他提到这个冬天格外漫长，还抱怨说很久没和邻里的人好好见个面、聊聊天了。接着，他看着我说：“我们得再修剪一下那棵苹果树了。”)”可知，邻居抱怨冬天漫长，没有和社区的人长时间交流，然后提出再修剪苹果树，由此可推知，他享受和邻居在一起的时光。故选C项。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第三段中“Then there was the old apple tree. (还有那棵老苹果树。)”以及第五段中“Soon, half the neighbourhood had joined me under the apple tree. It struck me that I had lived there for five years and only now was learning these people’s names, what they did for a living, and how they passed the winter. It was as if the old apple tree was gathering us under its branches for the purpose of both acquaintanceship and shared wonder. (很快，半个街区的人都来和我一起待在苹果树下了。我突然意识到，自己在这儿住了五年，直到现在才知道这些人的名字、他们的谋生方式，以及他们是如何过冬的。那棵老苹果树仿佛就是要把我们聚集在它的枝丫下，既让我们彼此相识，又让我们一同感受这份奇妙。)”可知，文章主要讲述了作者在缅因州经历的春天景象，以及一棵老苹果树如何成为邻里间交流和联系的纽带，C项“Under the Blossoms (繁花之下)”，既体现了文章中的苹果树这一核心元素，又富有诗意，能够吸引读者，适宜作为标题使用。故选C项。 Passage 2 McGriff was in her second year of university when she read Half the Sky, which examines the unfair treatment of women in developing countries. She was shocked to learn that 129 million girls worldwide do not have access to school. “In much of the world, women and girls are responsible for household duties,” said McGriff, “It’s seen that girls won’t ever be putting their education to use.” Additionally, many poor families can’t afford girls’ tuition fees, school supplies and uniforms (校服). Yet, studies have shown that providing free uniforms can reduce dropout rates by 16% and absenteeism by more than 35%. This simple solution took root in McGriff’s mind and started her journey helping girls transform their lives. As she took an entrepreneurship (创业) class, she was tasked with creating a business or nonprofit for a class project, which reminded her of the idea of the school uniform. Soon she developed an idea. After conducting field research, McGriff returned home, presented her education project at entrepreneurship competitions and won $35, 000 in startup fund. Eventually she established her nonprofit, Style Her Empowered (SHE), to bring her vision to life. That first year, the group hired local tailors and provided uniforms and school fees for65 girls. But they soon ran into a problem — the students were outgrowing quickly. To address this, McGriff’s team, together with local tailors and students, designed an innovative “growing uniform” which could be adjusted to fit a girl for up to three years, accommodating six different sizes. Today, SHE serves girls in 20 rural villages in southern Togo, providing 1, 500 girls a year with free uniforms, school fees, supplies, tutoring, and much more. Once enrolled, students receive weekly tutoring. As a result, SHE’s students consistently pass their exams at higher rates than the national average. “Our students have increased their performance in school dramatically,” McGriff said. “If given the opportunity, they shine.” 1．What contributes to girls’ high dropout rates according to paragraph 2? A．Financial difficulty. B．Family conflict. C．Academic performance. D．School arrangement. 2．When did McGriff start her nonprofit organization? A．After she analyzed the data of studies. B．When she learned about girls’ dropout rates. C．When she won entrepreneurship competitions. D．After she read a book on girls’ unfair treatment. 3．How did SHE settle the issue of uniforms for girls? A．By hiring famous local tailors. B．By creating adjustable uniforms. C．By providing uniforms of various sizes. D．By increasing the school uniform budget. 4．Why does the writer mention the school performance of SHE’s students? A．To highlight their hard work. B．To suggest the popularity of SHE. C．To indicate their further development. D．To show the effectiveness of SHE’s practice. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．B 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了McGriff受《半边天》这本书启发，看到女孩受教育难的现状，通过创业比赛获得资金成立非营利组织SHE，为女孩提供免费校服等帮助，还解决了校服适配问题。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Additionally, many poor families can’t afford girls’ tuition fees, school supplies and uniforms (校服). (此外，许多贫困家庭负担不起女孩的学费、学习用品和校服)”可知，经济困难导致很多家庭负担不起女孩上学的费用，这是导致女孩高辍学率的原因。故选A项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“After conducting field research, McGriff returned home, presented her education project at entrepreneurship competitions and won $35,000 in startup fund. Eventually she established her nonprofit, Style Her Empowered (SHE), to bring her vision to life. (在进行了实地研究后，McGriff回到家乡，在创业比赛中展示了她的教育项目，并赢得了3.5万美元的启动资金。最终，她成立了非营利组织Style Her Empowered (SHE)，将她的愿景变为现实)”可知，McGriff是在赢得创业比赛后成立了她的非营利组织。故选C项。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段中“To address this, McGriff’s team, together with local tailors and students, designed an innovative “growing uniform” which could be adjusted to fit a girl for up to three years, accommodating six different sizes. (为了解决这个问题，McGriff的团队与当地裁缝和学生一起，设计了一种创新的“成长校服”，这种校服可以调整尺寸，让一个女孩穿长达三年，适合六种不同的尺码)”可知，SHE通过设计可调节的校服解决了女孩校服的问题。故选B项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“As a result, SHE’s students consistently pass their exams at higher rates than the national average. “Our students have increased their performance in school dramatically,” McGriff said. “If given the opportunity, they shine.” (结果，SHE的学生考试通过率一直高于全国平均水平。McGriff说：“我们的学生在学校的表现有了显著提高。如果给他们机会，他们会大放异彩。”)”可推知，作者提到SHE学生的学业表现，是为了展示SHE的做法是有效的。故选D项。 话题6 做人与做事 Passage 1 My mother fastened the golden butterfly pendant (吊坠项链) behind my neck. In her eyes, I saw pride for the first woman in our family to achieve a university education. My mother’s dreams of becoming a teacher and my grandmother’s dreams of finishing school now came true. I realized I was standing on their shoulders. It was all their hard work, the endless housework and their resilience (韧性) that had brought me to this moment. My grandmother Aspasia loved to tell us stories of her first years at elementary school on the small island of Chios, Greece: the songs she learned, her calligraphic handwriting and her good marks. All this changed in Grade 4 when the family sent her to a local embroideress to learn the trade. And after she got married at 23, she had to abandon her needlepoint and devoted the rest of her life to her family, raising four children. My mother Poppy was able to finish high school on Chios. She was an excellent student, and her parents encouraged her to follow her dream of becoming a teacher. Unfortunately, the Greek civil war broke out. She ended up marrying and looking after her family. As I grew up on Chios, my mother always suggested strongly that I should get the university education that she was deprived (剥夺) of. When I started going to school, all I ever had to say to escape housework was that I needed to study. Sometimes I wanted to help her out with cooking or baking, but my mother would say, “No. Go back to your homework! That is your main job. That takes priority!” On my university graduation, my mother presented me with my grandma’s special pendant. My heart was flooded with appreciation. I took my mother’s hands in mine and kissed them. “Thank you. for everything!” Months after my university graduation, I got a scholarship to pursue graduate studies in Ancient Classics in England. One night, my grandmother appeared in my dreams standing at the doorway of my student room. She told me how proud she was that I was following my dream of education, one that was denied to the previous generations of our family’s women. “You have come a long way!” she said. 1．What can be inferred about the author’s university education from Paragraph 1? A．She achieved it because of her resilience. B．She never dreamed of going to university. C．It brought pride to her family and herself. D．It meant the realization of her parents’ college dreams. 2．What can we learn about the author’s mother and grandmother? A．They gave up their education because of war. B．They supported their families when they were young. C．They regretted not having studied harder at school. D．They had financial problems throughout their lives. 3．How did the author’s mother influence her as she grew up? A．She advised the author to focus on study. B．She limited the author’s use of the internet. C．She forced the author to do housework. D．She pushed the author to be a teacher. 4．How did the author feel when her mother presented her with the pendant? A．Surprised. B．Apologetic. C．Disappointed. D．Thankful. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．A 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者母亲和祖母的故事，以及她们对教育的渴望和努力。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段中“In her eyes, I saw pride for the first woman in our family to achieve a university education, her own plans of becoming a teacher and my grandmother’s dreams of finishing school now fulfilled. I realized I was standing on their shoulders.(在她的眼中，我看到了我们家第一个接受大学教育的女性的骄傲，她自己成为一名教师的计划，以及我祖母完成学业的梦想现在都实现了。我意识到我是站在他们的肩膀上)”可推知，作者的大学教育给她的家庭和她自己带来了骄傲。故选C项。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段“My grandmother Aspasia loved  to tell us stories of her first years at elementary school on the small  island of Chios, Greece: the songs she learned, her calligraphic  handwriting and her good marks. All this changed in Grade 4 when the  family sent her to a local embroideress to learn the trade. And after she got married at 23, she had to abandon her needlepoint and devoted  the rest of her life to her family, raising four children.(我的祖母阿斯帕西亚喜欢给我们讲她在希腊希俄斯小岛上小学的第一年的故事：她学的歌，她的书法和她的好成绩。四年级时，这一切都改变了，家人把她送到当地的一家刺绣店学习刺绣。23岁结婚后，她不得不放弃针线活，把余生都奉献给了家庭，抚养了四个孩子)”和第三段中“Unfortunately, the Greek civil war broke out. She ended up marrying and looking after her family.(不幸的是，希腊内战爆发了。她最终结婚并照顾她的家庭)”可推知，作者的母亲和祖母年轻的时候，都支持她们的家庭。故选B项。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Sometimes I wanted to help  her out with cooking or baking, but my mother would say, “No. Go back to  your homework! That is your main job. That takes priority!”(有时我想帮她做饭或烘焙，但我母亲会说：“不。回去做作业吧！那是你的主要工作。这是最重要的！”)”可知，作者的母亲建议作者在成长过程中要专注于学习。故选A项。 4．推理判断题。根据第五段中“On my university graduation, my mother presented me with my grandma’s special pendant. My heart overflowed with gratitude.(在我的大学毕业典礼上，我的母亲送给我奶奶特别的吊坠。我心中充满了感激之情)”可推知，当作者的母亲把吊坠送给她时，作者感到感激。故选D项。 Passage 2 When learning a foreign language, most people fall back on traditional ways: reading, writing, listening and repeating. But Brian Mathias’ research team found out that if you gesture(做手势) with your arms while studying, you can remember the vocabulary better, even months later. As Mathias describes, they had 22 German-speaking adults learn a total of 90 invented words over four days. While the test subjects first heard the new vocabulary, they were shown a video of a person making a gesture that matched the meaning of the word. When the word was repeated, the subjects performed the gesture themselves. Five months later, they were asked to translate the vocabulary they had learned into German. At the same time, they had equipment attached to their heads that sent weak distracting signals to their primary motor cortex(运动皮层) — the brain area that controls voluntary arm movements. Those who performed better on the task showed a higher level of activity in their motor cortex. The researchers concluded that the motor cortex contributed to the translation of the vocabulary learned with gestures. The effect did not occur when the subjects were only presented with matching pictures instead of gestures. Another research group led by Leipzig had young adults and eight-year-old children listen to new vocabulary for five days, paired with matching pictures or videos of gestures. After two months, the two methods were still equally effective. But after six months, the adults benefited more from the gestures than the pictures, while the children were helped equally by both. But it is not only the motor cortex itself that promotes learning. The meaning expressed by the gesture also figures in, “I think we underuse gesture in our classrooms,” Goldin-Meadow says. “Good teachers and good listeners use it, but not always in a systematic way. Others don’t necessarily bring it into the class — and it could be used more often and more effectively.” 1．What do we know according to Brian Mathias’ research? A．Those only presented with matching pictures performed better. B．The motor cortex had nothing to do with the vocabulary learning. C．The research concluded that gestures benefited vocabulary learning. D．22 German-speaking adults and children were chosen as the test subjects. 2．Why was equipment attached to the subjects’ heads during Mathias’ test? A．To count words. B．To record emotion. C．To influence brain activity. D．To give clues to questions. 3．What does Leipzig’s research tell us about language learning? A．Adults and children are equally good learners. B．Pictures have little influence on language learning. C．Pictures are found more helpful than videos for children. D．Benefits of gestures are more obvious in adults in the long run. 4．What does the author suggest teachers do in the classroom? A．Make better use of gestures. B．Teach listening in a systematic way. C．Avoid traditional teaching approaches. D．Do some scientific researches on teaching. 【答案】1．C 2．C 3．D 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了研究发现利用手势学习外语更有利于记忆单词。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“But Brian Mathias’ research team found out that if you gesture(做手势) with your arms while studying, you can remember the vocabulary better, even months later. (但Brian Mathias的研究团队发现，如果你在学习时用手臂做手势，即使几个月后，你也能更好地记住词汇。)”可知，Brian Mathias的研究总结出运用手势有利于单词学习。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“At the same time, they had equipment attached to their heads that sent weak distracting signals to their primary motor cortex(运动皮层) — the brain area that controls voluntary arm movements.(与此同时，他们的头上安装了设备，向他们的初级运动皮层——控制自主手臂运动的大脑区域——发送微弱的分散注意力的信号。)”可知，这种设备会影响大脑活动。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“After two months, the two methods were still equally effective. But after six months, the adults benefited more from the gestures than the pictures, while the children were helped equally by both.(两个月后，这两种方法仍然同样有效。但六个月后，成年人从手势中受益比图片更多，而孩子们则从两者中得到了同等的帮助。)”可知，从长远来看，手势学习的好处对成年人更明显。故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的““I think we underuse gesture in our classrooms,” Goldin-Meadow says. “Good teachers and good listeners use it, but not always in a systematic way. Others don’t necessarily bring it into the class — and it could be used more often and more effectively.”(戈尔丁-梅多说：“我认为我们在课堂上没有充分利用手势。好的老师和好的听众会使用它，但并不总是系统地使用。其他人不一定会把它带到课堂上，但它可以更经常、更有效地使用。”)”可推测出，作者建议老师更充分地使用手势。故选A。 $