精品解析：上海市复旦大学附属中学2023-2024学年高一上学期期末英语试卷

复旦大学附属中学2023学年第一学期 高一年级英语期末考试试卷 （考试时间：105分钟 满分：115分） I. Grammar and Vocabulary（30分） Section A Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence. 1. ________ on Friday, Google is moving ahead with a plan ________ accounts that have been inactive for at least two years. A. To begin, to delete B. To begin, deleting C. Beginning, to delete D. Beginning, deleting 2. Three researchers ________ the brains of people with Alzheimer’s disease claim that the production of the supposed new neurons slows with age. A. to study B. studied C. studying D. having been studied 3. This year the debut single of a computer- ________ girl band, MAVE, ________ four avatars called Siu, Zena Tyra and Marty, gained over 26m views on YouTube. A. generated, featuring B. generating, to feature C. generating, featuring D. generated, featured 4. Performing well can be ________ to luck, but good education is always associated with higher pay and a greater chance of ________ to interview in hiring process. A. prone, calling B. due, being called C. prone, being called D. due, calling 5. One of Kleitman’s best-known experiments involved ________ 32 days in a dark cave as he worked ________ light on the limits of the body’s inbuilt biological clock. A. spent, shedding B. spent, to shed C. spending, shedding D. spending, to shed 6. ________ the markets with which younger investors grew up, this may not be surprising that markets have dealt them a bad hand, but they could be playing it better. A. Giving B. Given C. To give D. Having been given 7. Mr.Read made up his mind to devote all he had to _____ some schools for poor children. A. set up B. have set up C. setting up D. having set up 8. Startups offer services to encourage work friendship ________ friends make employees ________, but that is not the reason for companies to get involved. A. but, engaging B. since, engaged C. as, engaging D. though, engaged 9. The world is ________ addicted to fattening foods as it is to fossil fuels and weight-loss drugs are ________ match for the might of big food. A. so, no B. as, not C. as, no D. so, not 10. The importance of handwriting is becoming better understood. ________ no wonder that in Sweden ________ a push for more handwriting and printed books and fewer devices. A. It is, there is B. It is, it is C. There is, there is D. There is, it is 11. The operation is being conducted in absolute secrecy. Consequently, the fewer who are ________ of the plan, the better. A. positive B. respectful C. representative D. aware 12. Dictionary design from the user perspective means that dictionaries are produced with specific markets in mind, and their contents ________ accordingly. A deliver B. emerge C. vary D. affect 13. When a scholar considers a problem, he usually ________ himself thoroughly with the relevant background literature on the subject. A. replaces B. familiarizes C. presents D. awards 14. She didn’t approve of Paul’s conservative political views but she had to admit honestly that he was good ________. A. strength B. solution C. establishment D. company 15. The company is dedicated to enabling their website to be browsed by popular reading software thoughtfully ________ for those who have poor eyesight. A. updated B. preserved C. designed D. displayed 16. Economic globalization is a(n) ________ historical trend, and those who attempt to turn back the wheel of history will ________ reach a dead end themselves. A. elaborate, eventually B. splendid, additionally C. unstoppable, eventually D. flourishing, additionally 17. Zoo animal welfare is a high concern for many institutions worldwide, with modern zoos now ensuring that animals are ________ and cared for to the highest standards. A. adjusted B. released C. replicated D. housed 18. The wildlife park has announced they will put an end to animal performance, which ________ the physical and mental health of the animals forced to perform. A. endangers B. restores C. intensifies D. withers 19. Modern zoos and wildlife parks have ________ the conditions and environments for animals, making bigger enclosures, ________ bars, and, to some extent, mimicking their natural habitats A. transformed, removing B. exhibited, removing C. transformed, conserving D. exhibited, conserving 20. There is more than one way to ________ a problem; two ________ courses of action are open to us: either we deal with him directly or we get the help of a lawyer. A. attempt, alternative B. approach, alternative C. attempt, essential D. approach, essential Section B Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. released B. consequences C. irresistible D. torn E. approaching F. pretense G. unavoidable H. criticizing I. making J. referred K. chances When you open a video on one of China’s video streaming platforms nowadays, whether on your phone or computer, ___21___ are that you will see lines of Chinese characters rapidly firing across the screen. Commonly ___22___ to as ‘danmu’ or ‘bullet screen’ in English, the function is offered by some video-streaming websites, allowing users to superimpose their comments over the video that’s playing. The viewers’ thoughts and opinions, usually in the form of ‘text + emoticons,’ will fly across the video or hover in a particular position on the screen. But what about the bullet screen mechanism makes it ___23___ to viewers? The appeal of bullet screen lies in the directness of the messages. Though the function can — thankfully — be turned off, for those who opt in by default, the messages are ___24___, and the draw to join in is hard to ignore. During live broadcasts, the messages function as a sort of massive chat room. The messages are fleeting and show up anonymously (匿名地), which is another characteristic that explains their popularity. Bullet screen allows people to drop their ___25___ in the virtual world and speak to strangers hundreds of miles away and find empathy despite spatial and temporal hindrances. Dong Qiqi, a 27-year-old designer said that because of the anonymity, danmu carries few ___26___, so people freely express themselves, and feel ___27___ without having to worry about judgment or retribution. Bilibili has been publishing its ‘Bullet Screen of the Year’ report for five consecutive years. 2021’s winner is ‘It breaks down my defenses’ which was initially used in combat video games to describe when a player’s defense is ___28___ down by special moves. Chinese netizens now use the phrase to express what it’d be like if the metaphorical line inside one’s heart has been breached (冲破). For instance, real-world heroes, from Olympic athletes who put in great efforts to overcome their opponents to scientific titans who are ___29___ their mark on history, can ‘break down one’s defenses.’ But as with almost everything else on the internet, some viewers use the function for less wholesome expressions of emotion — ____30____ video makers or complaining about society. Now many platforms automatically censor the content by singling out offensive keywords and monitoring immoral or illegal messages. Users are also encouraged to report messages that are politically sensitive, hateful, or — worst of all — plot spoilers. II. Reading Comprehension (1*15 + 2*15 = 45分) Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C, and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Copyright has a long history. In 1886, the Berne Convention resulted in copyright principles for most nations of the globe, and established principles for fair ___31___ for original authors of products resulting from scientific and creative endeavors. Once digital technology began to make it easy to duplicate media content, the foundation of the old copyright law began to ___32___. Now, when it is possible for someone to record, edit, and rearrange material into a new form, like that often posted on MySpace or YouTube, it becomes increasingly difficult to ___33___ the ownership of the original material. The authors of these selections provide some examples to show how copyright law is being ___34___ in a number of ways. Siva Vaidhyanathan focuses on the adaptation of traditional print media to electronic form, and discusses how copyright, file sharing, plagiarism (抄袭), and fair use have all been ___35___ in the world of digital forms of media. Stephanie discusses how companies have attempted to create service agreements that place the responsibility for copyright clearance (版权许可) on the person posting information, not the company ___36___ the message. She further explains how the legal agreements are complicated, and difficult to enforce, probably doomed to ___37___. She also discusses digital rights management and attempts to protect copyright, which have not served their purpose as well as one might hope. The positions taken for this tricky issue raise many more questions as well. If it does become increasingly difficult to protect one's creative products, there can be a ___38___ effect on innovation, or will different structures of payment or control of the product have to be considered? Who does any copyright violation actually hurt? Can the current definition of fair use be ___39___ to a greater number of media forms, or uses of content? At this time in history, ____40____ newer technologies, like digital forms, are challenging older laws and practices that had been created to protect earlier forms of media, how might industries change in the future, if the economic base of copyright is gradually ____41____? What other laws, regulations, and practices could also be challenged by the growth of user-friendly, low-cost digital technologies? The answers to these questions are put into ____42____ by Professor Vaidhyanathan, who ____43____ us that "the copyright system will help determine the richness and strength of democracy in the twenty-first century." One of the most difficult aspects about copyright is that depending on how the law is enforced, the result can be a form of censorship (审查制度). The challenge, then, is to find the ____44____ of protecting original work that truly belongs to an author who justifiably can claim credit for the work it took to produce something, against creating an ____45____ that either does not compensate (补偿) an author, or shifts all work into public domain. 31. A. supervision B. evaluation C. treatment D. conduct 32. A. emerge B. collapse C. slip D. shape 33. A. monitor B. restrict C. adjust D. argue 34. A. reinforced B. upgraded C. exhibited D. challenged 35. A. made clear B. mixed up C. given away D. accounted for 36. A. distributing B. creating C. revising D. copying 37. A. boom B. extinction C. expansion D. preference 38. A. chilling B. stimulating C. revolutionary D. temporary 39. A. extended B. disposed C. calculated D. changed 40. A. even if B. given that C. as long as D. in case 41. A. boosted B. restored C. limited D. damaged 42. A. theory B. concern C. perspective D. effect 43. A. assumes B. maintains C. reminds D. persuades 44. A. location B. awareness C. initiative D. balance 45. A. atmosphere B. adjustment C. advantage D. establishment Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. A After retirement from the medical center, my wife and I built our home in a gated community surrounded by swimming clubs and golf courses on Hilton Head Island. But when I left for the other side of the island, I was traveling on unpaved roads lined with leaky cottages. The “lifestyle” of many of the native islanders stood in sharp contrast to my comfortable existence. By talking to the local folks, I discovered that the vast majority of the maids, gardeners, waitresses and construction workers who make this island work had little or no access to medical care. It seemed shocking to me. I wondered why someone didn’t do something about that. Then my father’s words, which he had asked his children daily when they were young, rang in my head again: “What did you do for someone today?” Even though my father had died several years before I guess I still didn’t want to disappoint him. So I started working on a solution. The island was full of retired doctors. If I could persuade them to spend a few hours a week volunteering their services, we could provide free primary health care to those so desperately in need of it. Most of the doctors I approached liked the idea, so long as they could be re-licensed without troubles. It took one year and plenty of persistence, but I was able to persuade the state legislators (议员) to create a special license for doctors volunteering in not-for-profit clinics. The town donated land, local residents contributed office and medical equipment and some of the potential patients volunteered their weekends decorating the building that would become the clinic. We named it Volunteers in Medicine and we opened its doors in 2015, fully staffed by retired physicians, nurses and dentists as well as nearly 150 nonprofessional volunteers. That year we had 5,000 patient visits; last year we had 16,000. Somehow word of what we were doing got around. Soon we were receiving phone calls from retired physicians all over the country, asking for help in starting VIM clinics in their communities. We did the best we could — there are now 15 other clinics operating — but we couldn’t keep up with the need. Yet last month I think my father’s words found their way up north to McNeil Consumer Healthcare, the maker of Tylen71. A major grant from McNeil will allow us to respond to these requests and help establish other free clinics in communities around the country. 46. What is the passage mainly about? A. The contrast between the rich and the poor on an island. B. The story of a man and his wife who likes to help others. C. The inspiration of a father’s words. D. The life and work of a retired physician. 47. The purpose of Volunteers in Medicine is to ________. A. help retired medical workers improve their incomes B. provide free medical services to those who need them C. urge the government to set up non-profit clinics D. make the dream of the author’s father come true 48. Which of the following has been done by the author himself? A. Buying the medical equipment. B. Finding the land and the office. C. Furnishing the building that could be put to use for the clinic. D. Getting a special license for the retired doctors. 49. In the last paragraph, “I think my father’s words found their way up north to McNeill” implies that ________. A. my father’s words finally spread to McNeil B. McNeil decided to do something for the needy people C. my father’s words had a great influence over McNeil D. McNeil was badly in need of professional advice from retired doctors B How to pack your luggage for your flight Security control rules for cosmetics, foods and alcohol √Liquids may only be taken into the cabin in containers of less than 100 milliliters each. All liquids must fit into a single transparent, resealable plastic bag with a maximum volume of one liter. √Any larger containers of liquid must be placed in your checked hold baggage. √In addition to drinks and other fluids, nearly all cosmetics and a variety of foods are liquids. Liquids include toothpastes, canned fruit, fish and meat, frozen foods, butters, cream cheeses, yoghurts, etc. √A good rule of thumb is that if you can spread it, it’s liquid. √Liquid baby food, formula milk and special dietary products are an exception to the above. You may carry the amount you will need during the flight in your hand baggage. A baby is considered to be a child under 2 years of age who travels with a so-called infant ticket and does not have its own seating. √Medications with a prescription may be taken into the cabin in their original packaging which has the passenger’s name on it. On international flights, be sure to check the rules applicable in the country of destination. √Note! Hairspray containers of more than 500 ml are prohibited on the aircraft and may not be carried as hand baggage or checked hold baggage. √Pack any alcoholic beverages into your hold baggage, except those purchased at airports or on aircraft. Please note that alcohol in excess of 70% is not allowed on aircraft. Remember to check the customs regulations of each country before your flight. √Duty free liquids purchased at airports and on aircraft may be taken into the cabin of the aircraft. Transfer passengers may carry duty-free products through the security control. The products must be packed in a sealed, transparent security bag and the receipt must be clearly visible. Carrying electronic equipment and batteries √Consumer devices, such as watches, calculators, cameras, telephones and computers may be carried either as hand baggage or as checked hold baggage. We recommend packing them in your hand baggage. √Spare batteries and power banks may only be carried in hand baggage. How to pack fishing, camping, hunting and skiing equipment √Skis and ice hockey sticks are stored in the cargo hold during the flight. The packing instructions for ice skates and golf clubs vary according to carrier. Some carriers allow transporting them as hand baggage, some do not. We recommend checking this with your carrier before your flight. 50. You are Not Allowed to take ________ into the cabin. A. the 200ml facial cream bought in a duty-free shop B. traditional Chinese medicine with the doctor’s prescription C. homemade 53% white wine D. toothpastes in a transparent sealed plastic bag 51. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A. You can take the ice hockey sticks to the cabin. B. It is advisable to put the charger in your checked hold baggage. C. The parents should share the seat with their infant. D. Extra batteries must be packed in the hold luggage. 52. Where can you read this instruction? A. The airport notice board. B. On the website of an airline. C. In a scientific magazine. D. The advertisement of a travel agency. C Commuter trains are often crowded, and they frequently fail to run on time. As if that were not bad enough, physicist Hondou published a paper in 2002 that gave commuters yet another reason to feel uncomfortable. Dr. Hondou examined mobile phone usage in enclosed spaces such as railway carriages, buses and lifts all of which are metal boxes. His model predicted that a large number of passengers crowded together, all talking, sending text messages, or browsing the web on their phones, could produce levels of electromagnetic radiation that exceed international safety standards. That is because the radio waves produced by each phone are reflected off the metal walls of the carriage, bus or lift. Enough radiation escapes to allow the phone to communicate with the network, but the rest fills the inside of the carriage with bouncing microwaves. This sounds worrying. However, in a paper published recently, Jaime Ferrer and Lucas Fernandez-Seivane from the University of Oviedo in Spain, question the truth of Dr. Hondon's findings. They conclude that the level of radiation is safe after all. In their opinion, while each phone produces radiation that bounces around the car, the passengers absorb some of it, which has the effect of reducing the overall intensity. Dr Hondou's model, in short, was logical only in the case of a single passenger sitting in an empty carriage with an active mobile phone on every seat. According to Dr. Ferrer and his colleagues, Dr. Hondon overestimated the level of electromagnetic radiation. When one is sitting on a train, they found, the most important sources of radiation are one's own phone, and those of one's immediate neighbours. The radiation from these sources far exceeds that from other phones or from waves bouncing around the carriage. And all these sources together produce a level of radiation within the limits defined by the ICNIRP, the international body that regulates such matters. People concerned about the effects of mobile-phone radiation are unlikely to take much comfort from Dr. Ferrer's results. Indeed, Dr. Ferrer says he is surprised at how little research has been done in this area. Yet both Dr. Hondon's results and Dr. Ferrer's are based on mathematical models. Their models make assumptions about the physical properties of train carriages and their passengers, and both assume that the radiation is regularly distributed rather than gathered into “hot spots”. But if the debate about the safety of mobile phone is to be resolved, there must be less focus on models, and more emphasis on physical experimental data. 53. The paper published by Dr. Hondon make the commuters worried because _________. A. he argues that commuter trains do not meet international radiation safety standards B. he thinks that the radiation from mobile phones bouncing around in enclosed spaces is harmful C. commuters fear that the metal walls of the railway carriage will threaten their health D. commuters are afraid that a ban on the use of mobile phones on trains is approaching 54. What is the commuters' reaction after learning about the new research by Dr. Ferrer and his colleagues? A. They don't worry about the safety of mobile phone any more. B. They expect Dr. Ferrer to carry out more researches in this area. C. They still have concerns over the mobile-phone radiation. D. They find the results of all the researches boring. 55. Dr. Hondon's research and that of Dr. Ferrer share the following similarities EXCEPT _________. A. their findings are developed from mathematical model B. they focus on a single passenger in the empty railway carriage C. the models assume certain physical properties of train carriages and the passengers D. their models are built in a way that the radiation in the enclosed spaces is regularly distributed 56. What is the author's attitude toward the research on the effects of mobile-phone radiation? A. He is surprised that too little research has been carried out in this area. B. He thinks that the most important thing for the researcher is to perfect their models. C. He is quite satisfied with the progress made so far. D He thinks researchers have to depend more on physical experiments. Section C Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Don’t be stingy with compliments It’s strange how careful we are about praising. Perhaps it’s because few of us know how to accept compliments gracefully. Instead, we are embarrassed and shrug off the words we are really so glad to hear. ___57___ That is why some of the most valued pats on the back are those which come to us indirectly, in a letter or passed on by a friend. When one thinks of the speed with which spiteful remarks are conveyed, it seems a pity that there isn’t more effort to relay pleasing and flattering comments. ___58___ An artist gets complimented for a glorious picture, a cook for a perfect meal. But do you ever tell your laundry manager how pleased you are when the shirts are done just right? Do you ever praise your paper boy for getting the paper to you on time 365 days a year? Praise is particularly appreciated by those doing routine jobs: gas-station attendants, waitresses — even housewives. Do you ever go into a house and say, “What a tidy room”? ___59___ That’s why housework is considered such a dreary grind (苦差事). Comment is often made about activities which are relatively easy and satisfying, like arranging flowers; but not about jobs which are hard and dirty, like scrubbing floors. Shakespeare said, “Our praises are our wages.” Since so often praise is the only wage a housewife receives, surely she of all people should get her measure. Mothers know instinctively that for children an ounce of praise is worth a pound of scolding. ___60___ One day I was criticizing my children for squabbling. “Can you never play peacefully?” I shouted. Susanna looked at me quizzically. “Of course we can,” she said. “But you don’t notice us when we do.” A. Hardly anybody does. B. So, let’s be alert to the small excellences around us — and comment on them. C. Still, we’re not always as perceptive (感觉灵敏的) as we might be about applying the rule. D. It’s especially rewarding to give praise in areas in which effort generally goes unnoticed or unmentioned. E. “I can live for two months on a good compliment,” said Mark Twain. F. Because of this defensive reaction, direct compliments are surprisingly difficult to give. III. Productive Grammar (10分) Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Tuvalu plans for its own disappearance Is a country still a country if it sinks? For over three decades the Pacific island country of Tuvalu has begged industrialized countries ___61___ (cut) their greenhouse-gas emissions. For over three decades global temperatures have ticked up. Tuvalu’s government warns that its territory could slip underwater by the end of the century. “It’s a matter of disappearing from the surface of this Earth,” Kausea Natano, the prime minister, said in September. So Tuvalu is now asking a different question: ___62___ can it continue existing if that happens? Mr Natano’s government ___63___ (correct) the constitution to assert that the country will exist “forever” even if its landmass does not. The new wording, which came into effect on October 1st, will not on its own change very much. ___64___ international law, a country must have a physical territory and permanent population. But no one has considered ___65___ happens if climate change removes a state of those qualities, says Bal Kama, a lawyer who advised the government on its constitutional changes. Tuvalu hopes that if other vulnerable countries follow its lead, international law could change. The government talks about turning Tuvalu into a “digital nation” that could provide services and preserve cultural traditions online even if its people were dispersed to other countries. It considers ___66___ (create) a 3D version of its islands that web users could wander around. All these plans raise more questions than answers. The government is especially keen to make explicit that it would expect to retain its claim on the waters ___67___ (surround) present-day Tuvalu. Combine the “exclusive economic zones” (EEZs) that stretch 200 nautical miles (370km) from their coasts, and Pacific island countries have rights ___68___ (fish) and mine an area of ocean bigger than Africa (see map). Leaders fear that they will lose those rights - and a tuna industry worth billions - if any or all of the islands ___69___ make up their territories disappear. So Tuvalu’s constitutional change states that its maritime boundaries would endure with its statehood. The government wants neighbors to accept that its EEZ will exist forever. Other Pacific governments have also mapped their maritime zones and passed laws asserting that rising sea levels will not affect their EEZs. It is not yet certain that Tuvalu will go under. But its government ____70____ (ready) the rafts. IV. Translation (3+3+4+5=15分) Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 71. 照片里的情景和我在梦中看到的情景惊人地相似。(similar) (汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 72. 相关人员必须通力合作，才能在这个问题上达成协议。(concern) (汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 73. 这幅画是一位年轻的视觉艺术家所画，他在20世纪80年代末因对于色彩的独特手法而崭露头角。(emerge, approach) (汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 74. 这家动物园致力于保护濒危物种，它也是公认的动物教育基地，让游客在富有教育意义的环境中领略动物王国的物种多样性。(conservation, appreciate) (汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ V. Guided Writing (15分) 75. Directions: Write an English composition in 120 – 150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 当今社会，许多电影和名著浓缩版短视频变得非常流行，比如三分钟解读一部电影，五分钟讲完一部名著等。有些人从这些视频中获益良多，但有些人对此持反对意见并表示担忧。 请就此现象表明态度（填写“for”或“against”），并围绕论点展开议论并给出结论，续写120—150词左右。作文首段已给出，如下： Nowadays, an abundance of book summaries and movie recaps go viral on various platforms. Some people are drawn to these condensed versions (浓缩版本) of classic books and movies in the form of short videos and actually benefit from them, while others are concerned and have begun to voice objections. With respect to the phenomenon, I am ________ (for/against) these kinds of short videos. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 复旦大学附属中学2023学年第一学期 高一年级英语期末考试试卷 （考试时间：105分钟 满分：115分） I. Grammar and Vocabulary（30分） Section A Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence. 1. ________ on Friday, Google is moving ahead with a plan ________ accounts that have been inactive for at least two years. A. To begin, to delete B. To begin, deleting C. Beginning, to delete D. Beginning, deleting 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：从周五开始，谷歌将继续推进一项计划，删除至少两年不活跃的账户。第一空begin与Google为主动关系，故用现在分词作状语；第二空plan后跟不定式作后置定语，a plan to do sth.表示“做某事的计划”。故选C。 2. Three researchers ________ the brains of people with Alzheimer’s disease claim that the production of the supposed new neurons slows with age. A. to study B. studied C. studying D. having been studied 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：三位研究阿尔兹海默症病患者大脑的研究人员声称，随着年龄的增长，所谓的新神经元的产生会减慢。此处作定语，修饰three researchers，与study之间为主动关系，故应用现在分词作定语，故选C。 3. This year the debut single of a computer- ________ girl band, MAVE, ________ four avatars called Siu, Zena Tyra and Marty, gained over 26m views on YouTube. A. generated, featuring B. generating, to feature C. generating, featuring D. generated, featured 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：今年，计算机生成的女子乐队MAVE的首张单曲在YouTube上获得了超过2600万的浏览量，该乐队有四个化身，分别是Siu、Zena、 Tyra和Marty。分析句子可知，第一空应填形容词作定语， girl band与generate为被动关系，所以应用过去分词作定语；第二空MAVE与feature为主动关系，应用现在分词作状语。故选A项。 4. Performing well can be ________ to luck, but good education is always associated with higher pay and a greater chance of ________ to interview in hiring process. A. prone, calling B. due, being called C. prone, being called D. due, calling 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词词义辨析和动名词。句意：表现良好可能归因于运气，但良好的教育总是与高薪和在招聘过程中被邀请面试的更大机会相关联。根据第一空前文Performing well can be和后文to luck可知，空处前后为因果关系，be prone to意为“易于，有……的倾向”，通常用于描述某种趋势或习惯，be due to意为“由于”，用于解释某种现象或结果的原因，所以第一个空应填due；根据第二空前文a greater chance of 和后文to interview可知，of后接动名词作宾语，而面试是“被邀请”的，应用被动语态，所以第二个空应填being called。故选B。 5. One of Kleitman’s best-known experiments involved ________ 32 days in a dark cave as he worked ________ light on the limits of the body’s inbuilt biological clock. A. spent, shedding B. spent, to shed C. spending, shedding D. spending, to shed 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：Kleitman最著名的实验之一是在一个黑暗的洞穴里呆了32天，试图揭示人体内置生物钟的极限。第一空为短语involve doing sth.表示“涉及做某事”，动名词作宾语；第二空shed在句中作目的状语，应用不定式。故选D。 6. ________ the markets with which younger investors grew up, this may not be surprising that markets have dealt them a bad hand, but they could be playing it better. A. Giving B. Given C. To give D. Having been given 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查介词。句意：考虑到年轻投资者成长的市场环境，市场给了他们一手不好的牌可能并不奇怪，但他们本可以打得更好。此处使用介词given，表示“考虑到，鉴于”，介词短语在句中作状语，故选B。 7. Mr.Read made up his mind to devote all he had to _____ some schools for poor children. A. set up B. have set up C. setting up D. having set up 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查动词搭配。句意：瑞德先生下定决心把他拥有的一切都用于为贫困孩子设立学校。根据句意，表达“建立”含义的动词搭配为：set up 。根据devote的用法，其后面的to为介词，后跟名词、代词或动名词。又因D项having set up 为发生在主句谓语动作之前的动作，不符合句意，故选C项。 8. Startups offer services to encourage work friendship ________ friends make employees ________, but that is not the reason for companies to get involved. A. but, engaging B. since, engaged C. as, engaging D. though, engaged 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查连词词义辨析和形容词词义辨析。句意：创业公司提供的服务是为了鼓励工作友谊，因为朋友能让员工更投入，但这不是公司参与的原因。第一空A. but但是，engaging吸引人的；B. since因为，engaged投入的；C. as因为，正如，engaging吸引人的；D. though虽然，engaged投入的。引导原因状语从句，表示“因为”应用since或as，故排除A、D选项；第二空为make+宾语+宾补结构，表示“投入的”应用形容词engaged；engaging表示“吸引人的”不符合语境，故排除C选项。故选B。 9. The world is ________ addicted to fattening foods as it is to fossil fuels and weight-loss drugs are ________ match for the might of big food. A. so, no B. as, not C. as, no D. so, not 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查固定搭配。句意：世界对使人发胖的食物的依赖程度，就如同对化石燃料的依赖一样深，而且减肥药物的力量远不能与大型食品企业相匹敌。根据句意及第一空后“as it is to fossil fuels”可知，句子的结构是“as…as”用于表示比较，意为“和……一样”，故第一空应填as；根据句意及第二空后“match for”可知，空处应填no，构成短语no match for，意为“不能与……相比；敌不过……”。故选C。 10. The importance of handwriting is becoming better understood. ________ no wonder that in Sweden ________ a push for more handwriting and printed books and fewer devices. A. It is, there is B. It is, it is C. There is, there is D. There is, it is 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查固定句型和there be句型。句意：书写的重要性正在得到更好的理解。难怪在瑞典，人们正在推动更多的书写和印刷书籍，减少电子设备。根据句意可知，空1：此处意为“难怪……”，表达为it is no wonder that...，it为形式主语，that引导主语从句。空2：此处意为“有着……”，故应用there be句型，主语为a push，故应用there is引导。故选A。 11. The operation is being conducted in absolute secrecy. Consequently, the fewer who are ________ of the plan, the better. A. positive B. respectful C. representative D. aware 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这项行动正在绝对保密中进行。因此，知道计划详情的人越少越好。A. positive积极的；B. respectful尊重的；C. representative代表性的；D. aware知道的。根据“The operation is being conducted in absolute secrecy”可知，此处应表达“知道”计划的人越少越好，因此用aware。故选D。 12. Dictionary design from the user perspective means that dictionaries are produced with specific markets in mind, and their contents ________ accordingly. A. deliver B. emerge C. vary D. affect 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：从用户的角度来设计字典意味着字典是为特定的市场而设计的，其内容也会随之变化。A. deliver交付；B. emerge出现；C. vary变化；D. affect影响。本句说明内容会因市场不同而有所变化，空格处应表达“变化”以适应特定市场，故用vary。故选C。 13. When a scholar considers a problem, he usually ________ himself thoroughly with the relevant background literature on the subject. A. replaces B. familiarizes C. presents D. awards 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当一个学者考虑一个问题时，他通常会彻底地熟悉这个问题的相关背景文献。A. replaces取代；B. familiarizes使了解，使熟悉；C. presents赠送；D. awards奖励。根据下文“himself thoroughly with the relevant background literature on the subject”指考虑问题时，学者通常会彻底地熟悉这个问题的相关背景文献。故选B。 14. She didn’t approve of Paul’s conservative political views, but she had to admit honestly that he was good ________. A. strength B. solution C. establishment D. company 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：她不赞同Paul保守的政治观点，但不得不诚实地承认他是一个好同伴。A. strength体力；B. solution解决办法；C. establishment建立；D. company同伴。根据上文“She didn’t approve of Paul’s conservative political views”及“but she had to admit honestly”可知，空处表示赞赏Paul是什么样的人，D选项符合句意。故选D。 15. The company is dedicated to enabling their website to be browsed by popular reading software thoughtfully ________ for those who have poor eyesight. A. updated B. preserved C. designed D. displayed 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：该公司致力于使他们的网站能够被流行阅读软件浏览，这些软件是专门为视力不佳的人设计的。A. updated升级；B. preserved保护；C. designed设计；D. displayed展示。根据“for those who have poor eyesight.”可知，此处意为“专为……设计”，故应用动词design。故选C。 16. Economic globalization is a(n) ________ historical trend, and those who attempt to turn back the wheel of history will ________ reach a dead end themselves. A. elaborate, eventually B. splendid, additionally C. unstoppable, eventually D. flourishing, additionally 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词和副词词义辨析。句意：经济全球化是不可阻挡的历史潮流，那些试图开历史倒车的人最终也不会走到尽头。第一空A. elaborate复杂的；B. splendid华丽的；C. unstoppable不可阻挡的；D. flourishing繁荣的。根据上文“Economic globalization”指经济全球化是不可阻挡的历史潮流；第二空eventually最后；additionally此外。根据后文“reach a dead end themselves”可知，那些试图开历史倒车的人最终也不会走到尽头。故选C。 17. Zoo animal welfare is a high concern for many institutions worldwide, with modern zoos now ensuring that animals are ________ and cared for to the highest standards. A. adjusted B. released C. replicated D. housed 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：动物园动物福利是世界上许多机构高度关注的问题，现代动物园现在确保动物被安置和照顾到最高标准。A. adjusted调整；B. released释放；C. replicated复制；D. housed安置。根据后文“and cared for to the highest standards”指动物园确保动物被安置和照顾到最高标准。故选D。 18. The wildlife park has announced they will put an end to animal performance, which ________ the physical and mental health of the animals forced to perform. A. endangers B. restores C. intensifies D. withers 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：野生动物园已经宣布将停止动物表演，动物表演危及被迫表演的动物的身心健康。A. endangers危及、使遭受危险；B. restores恢复；C. intensifies增强，强化；D. withers枯萎，凋谢。根据上文“animal performance”可知动物表演会危及动物的身心健康，故选A。 19. Modern zoos and wildlife parks have ________ the conditions and environments for animals, making bigger enclosures, ________ bars, and, to some extent, mimicking their natural habitats A. transformed, removing B. exhibited, removing C. transformed, conserving D. exhibited, conserving 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：现代动物园和野生动物园已经改善了动物的条件和环境，扩大了围栏，移除了栅栏，并在某种程度上模仿了它们的自然栖息地。A. transformed改变，转换；removing移除；B. exhibited展示；removing移除；C. transformed改变，转换；conserving保护；D. exhibited展示；conserving保护。根据句意，空一需要表示“改善”了动物的条件和环境，排除B和D项；空二需要表示“移除”了栅栏，排除C项。故选A。 20. There is more than one way to ________ a problem; two ________ courses of action are open to us: either we deal with him directly or we get the help of a lawyer. A. attempt, alternative B. approach, alternative C. attempt, essential D. approach, essential 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查动词和形容词词义辨析。句意：解决问题不止一种方法；我们有两种可供选择的方案：要么直接与他打交道，要么寻求律师的帮助。A. attempt尝试，alternative替代的；B. approach着手处理，alternative替代的；C. attempt尝试， essential必要的；D. approach着手处理，essential必要的。第一空位于不定式符号to后，且根据“a problem”可知，本空表示“解决”，用动词approach。第二空修饰名词courses，且根据“either we deal with him directly or we get the help of a lawyer”可知，此处表示“可替代的”方案，用形容词alternative，作定语。故选B。 Section B Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. released B. consequences C. irresistible D. torn E. approaching F. pretense G. unavoidable H. criticizing I. making J. referred K. chances When you open a video on one of China’s video streaming platforms nowadays, whether on your phone or computer, ___21___ are that you will see lines of Chinese characters rapidly firing across the screen. Commonly ___22___ to as ‘danmu’ or ‘bullet screen’ in English, the function is offered by some video-streaming websites, allowing users to superimpose their comments over the video that’s playing. The viewers’ thoughts and opinions, usually in the form of ‘text + emoticons,’ will fly across the video or hover in a particular position on the screen. But what about the bullet screen mechanism makes it ___23___ to viewers? The appeal of bullet screen lies in the directness of the messages. Though the function can — thankfully — be turned off, for those who opt in by default, the messages are ___24___, and the draw to join in is hard to ignore. During live broadcasts, the messages function as a sort of massive chat room. The messages are fleeting and show up anonymously (匿名地), which is another characteristic that explains their popularity. Bullet screen allows people to drop their ___25___ in the virtual world and speak to strangers hundreds of miles away and find empathy despite spatial and temporal hindrances. Dong Qiqi, a 27-year-old designer said that because of the anonymity, danmu carries few ___26___, so people freely express themselves, and feel ___27___ without having to worry about judgment or retribution. Bilibili has been publishing its ‘Bullet Screen of the Year’ report for five consecutive years. 2021’s winner is ‘It breaks down my defenses’, which was initially used in combat video games to describe when a player’s defense is ___28___ down by special moves. Chinese netizens now use the phrase to express what it’d be like if the metaphorical line inside one’s heart has been breached (冲破). For instance, real-world heroes, from Olympic athletes who put in great efforts to overcome their opponents to scientific titans who are ___29___ their mark on history, can ‘break down one’s defenses.’ But as with almost everything else on the internet, some viewers use the function for less wholesome expressions of emotion — ____30____ video makers or complaining about society. Now many platforms automatically censor the content by singling out offensive keywords and monitoring immoral or illegal messages. Users are also encouraged to report messages that are politically sensitive, hateful, or — worst of all — plot spoilers. 【答案】21. K 22. J 23. C 24. G 25. F 26. B 27. A 28. D 29. I 30. H 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了中国视频流媒体平台上的弹幕功能及其影响。 【21题详解】 考查名词。句意：当你现在在中国的视频流媒体平台上打开一个视频，无论是在手机还是电脑上，很有可能你会看到中文字幕快速地在屏幕上滚动。根据句意及空后的that you will see lines of Chinese characters rapidly firing across the screen可知，空处表示可能性很大，应用chances“可能性”。故选K。 【22题详解】 考查动词。句意：通常被称为“弹幕”或英文中的“bullet screen”，这个功能是由一些视频流媒体网站提供的，允许用户将自己对正在播放的视频的评论叠加在上面。根据as ‘danmu’ or ‘bullet screen’ in English可知，空处应表示“被称为”，用referred，referred to as“被称为”。故选J。 【23题详解】 考查形容词。句意：但是弹幕机制对观众来说有什么吸引力呢？根据空后to viewers和下文“the draw to join in is hard to ignore”可知，空处表示“不可抗拒的，由吸引力的”，应用形容词irresistible“不可抗拒的”，作宾补。故选C。 【24题详解】 考查形容词。句意：虽然这个功能——谢天谢地——可以关闭，但对于那些默认选择的人来说，这些消息是不可避免的，加入其中的吸引力很难忽视。根据for those who opt in by default, the messages are可知，空处应表示“不可避免的”，用形容词unavoidable，作表语，表示“这些消息是不可避免的”。故选G。 【25题详解】 考查名词。句意：弹幕允许人们在虚拟世界中放下伪装，与数百英里外的陌生人交谈，尽管存在时空障碍，但也能找到共鸣。根据句意及空前drop their可知，此处表示“伪装”，应用名词复数形式pretense，与drop构成短语drop one’s pretense，表示“放下伪装”。故选F。 【26题详解】 考查名词。句意：27岁的设计师董琪琪表示，由于弹幕具有匿名性，几乎不用承担后果，所以人们可以畅所欲言，不用担心受到评判或报复，从而感到释放。本空作carries的宾语，根据so people freely express themselves及空前few可知，此处应表示弹幕几乎不带来“后果”，用名词复数形式consequences。故选B。 【27题详解】 考查动词。句意：27岁的设计师董琪琪表示，由于弹幕具有匿名性，几乎不用承担后果，所以人们可以畅所欲言，不用担心受到评判或报复，从而感到释放。且根据without having to worry about judgment or retribution可知，由于匿名性带来的后果很少，因此能够自由地表达自己，并且感到一种解脱或放松，不必担心受到评判或报复，本空用release“发泄，宣泄，放松”的过去分词released。故选A。 【28题详解】 考查动词。句意：2021年的获奖弹幕是“破防了”，这一词汇最初用于战斗类电子游戏中，描述玩家的防御被对方的特殊技能打破的情境。根据句意及空前的when a player’s defense is 和空后的down by special moves可知，空处应表示“撕掉，撕裂”，用tear“撕掉，撕裂”的过分词torn。故选D。 【29题详解】 考查动词。句意：例如，现实世界中的英雄，从付出巨大努力战胜对手的奥运选手到在科学领域留下印记的巨人，都能“打破别人的防线”。根据their mark on history可知，空处表示“正在留下印记”，make one's mark on history的意思是“在历史上留下自己的印记”，应用making，与are构成现在进行时。故填I。 【30题详解】 考查动词。句意：但是，就像互联网上几乎所有的其他东西一样，一些观众使用这个功能来表达不那么健康的情绪——批评视频制作者或抱怨社会。根据空后video makers or complaining about society可知，此处应表示“批评”视频制作者或抱怨社会，用现在分词形式criticizing“批评”，与complaining并列。故填H。 II. Reading Comprehension (1*15 + 2*15 = 45分) Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C, and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Copyright has a long history. In 1886, the Berne Convention resulted in copyright principles for most nations of the globe, and established principles for fair ___31___ for original authors of products resulting from scientific and creative endeavors. Once digital technology began to make it easy to duplicate media content, the foundation of the old copyright law began to ___32___. Now, when it is possible for someone to record, edit, and rearrange material into a new form, like that often posted on MySpace or YouTube, it becomes increasingly difficult to ___33___ the ownership of the original material. The authors of these selections provide some examples to show how copyright law is being ___34___ in a number of ways. Siva Vaidhyanathan focuses on the adaptation of traditional print media to electronic form, and discusses how copyright, file sharing, plagiarism (抄袭), and fair use have all been ___35___ in the world of digital forms of media. Stephanie discusses how companies have attempted to create service agreements that place the responsibility for copyright clearance (版权许可) on the person posting information, not the company ___36___ the message. She further explains how the legal agreements are complicated, and difficult to enforce, probably doomed to ___37___. She also discusses digital rights management and attempts to protect copyright, which have not served their purpose as well as one might hope. The positions taken for this tricky issue raise many more questions as well. If it does become increasingly difficult to protect one's creative products, there can be a ___38___ effect on innovation, or will different structures of payment or control of the product have to be considered? Who does any copyright violation actually hurt? Can the current definition of fair use be ___39___ to a greater number of media forms, or uses of content? At this time in history, ____40____ newer technologies, like digital forms, are challenging older laws and practices that had been created to protect earlier forms of media, how might industries change in the future, if the economic base of copyright is gradually ____41____? What other laws, regulations, and practices could also be challenged by the growth of user-friendly, low-cost digital technologies? The answers to these questions are put into ____42____ by Professor Vaidhyanathan, who ____43____ us that "the copyright system will help determine the richness and strength of democracy in the twenty-first century." One of the most difficult aspects about copyright is that depending on how the law is enforced, the result can be a form of censorship (审查制度). The challenge, then, is to find the ____44____ of protecting original work that truly belongs to an author who justifiably can claim credit for the work it took to produce something, against creating an ____45____ that either does not compensate (补偿) an author, or shifts all work into public domain. 31. A. supervision B. evaluation C. treatment D. conduct 32. A. emerge B. collapse C. slip D. shape 33. A. monitor B. restrict C. adjust D. argue 34. A. reinforced B. upgraded C. exhibited D. challenged 35. A. made clear B. mixed up C. given away D. accounted for 36. A. distributing B. creating C. revising D. copying 37. A. boom B. extinction C. expansion D. preference 38. A. chilling B. stimulating C. revolutionary D. temporary 39. A. extended B. disposed C. calculated D. changed 40. A. even if B. given that C. as long as D. in case 41. A. boosted B. restored C. limited D. damaged 42. A. theory B. concern C. perspective D. effect 43. A. assumes B. maintains C. reminds D. persuades 44. A. location B. awareness C. initiative D. balance 45. A. atmosphere B. adjustment C. advantage D. establishment 【答案】31. C 32. B 33. A 34. D 35. B 36. A 37. B 38. A 39. A 40. B 41. D 42. C 43. C 44. D 45. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章探讨了自1886年《伯尔尼公约》确立版权原则以来，版权法如何随着科技的发展而面临新的挑战，并提出了对版权保护和使用公平性的问题。 【31题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：1886年，《伯恩公约》为全球大多数国家制定了版权原则，确立了对科学和创意努力成果的原作者进行公平对待的原则。A. supervision监督；B. evaluation评估；C. treatment对待；D. conduct行为。根据下文“original authors of products resulting from scientific and creative endeavors”可知，下文说的是科学和创意努力成果的原作者，可推理出这里指的是对原作者的公平对待原则，故选C项。 【32题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：一旦数字技术开始使复制媒体内容变得容易，旧版版权法的基础就开始崩溃。A. emerge出现；B. collapse崩溃；C. slip滑落；D. shape塑造。根据下文“when it is possible for someone to record, edit, and rearrange material into a new form, like that often posted on MySpace or YouTube”可知下文说的是当一个人有能力录制、编辑和重新安排材料，形成一种新的形式时，就像经常在MySpace或YouTube上发布的内容那样，可推理出上文说的是旧版权法的基础开始崩溃，故选B项。 【33题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当有人可以记录、编辑和重新排列材料形成一种新的形式时，就像经常出现在MySpace或YouTube上的那样，确定原始材料的所有权就变得越来越困难。A. monitor监控；B. restrict限制；C. adjust调整；D. argue争论。根据下文“the ownership of the original material”可知下文说的是原始材料的所有权，可推理出这里指的是监控和确认原创作品的所有权变得困难，故选A项。 【34题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这些选择的作者提供了一些例子来展示版权法是如何以多种方式被挑战的。A. reinforced加强；B. upgraded升级；C. exhibited展览；D. challenged挑战。根据上文“when it is possible for someone to record, edit, and rearrange material into a new form, like that often posted on MySpace or YouTube”可知上文说的是当一个人有能力录制、编辑和重新安排材料，形成一种新的形式时，就像经常在MySpace或YouTube上发布的内容那样，可推理出此处说的是版权法正面临着各种挑战，所以选D项。 【35题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：Siva Vaidhyanathan专注于传统印刷媒体向电子形式的转变，并讨论了版权、文件共享、抄袭和公平使用在数字媒体世界中都被混淆了。A. made clear澄清；B. mixed up混淆；C. given away泄露；D. accounted for解释。根据上文“copyright, file sharing, plagiarism (抄袭)”可知，上文提到了版权、文件共享、抄袭，可推理出这里指的是一些概念在数字媒体中被混淆了，因此选B项。 【36题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：Stephanie讨论了公司试图创建的服务协议，将版权许可的责任放在发布信息的人身上，而不是分发消息的公司。A. distributing分发；B. creating创造；C. revising修订；D. copying复制。根据下文“the message”可知下文说的是信息，可推理出是分发消息的公司，因此选A项。 【37题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：她进一步解释说，法律协议复杂且难以执行，可能注定要灭绝。A. boom繁荣；B. extinction灭绝；C. expansion扩展；D. preference偏好。根据上文“the legal agreements are complicated, and difficult to enforce”可知上文提到了法律协议复杂且难以执行，可推理出此处说的是这类协议可能最终会消失，故选B项。 【38题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：如果保护个人创意产品的难度确实增加，那么可能会对创新产生寒蝉效应，或者是否需要考虑不同形式的支付结构或产品控制？A. chilling寒冷的；B. stimulating刺激；C. revolutionary革命性的；D. temporary暂时的。根据上文“increasingly difficult to protect one's creative products”可知，上文说的是保护个人创意产品的难度确实增加，可推理出这可能导致创作者因为害怕侵权而不愿意分享或公开自己的作品，即寒蝉效应。chilling effect为固定短语，含义为“寒蝉效应”，故选A项。 【39题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当前的公平使用定义能否扩展到更多的媒体形式或内容使用方式？A. extended延伸，扩大；B. disposed处理；C. calculated计算；D. changed改变。根据下文“a greater number of media forms”可知，下文说的是大量的媒体形式，可推理出这里指的是公平使用的定义是否能扩大应用范围，故选A项。 【40题详解】 考查连词词义辨析。句意：鉴于较新的技术（如数字形式）正在挑战旨在保护早期媒体形式的老法律和实践，在未来如果版权的经济基础逐渐受到损害，行业将会发生怎样的变化？A. even if即使；B. given that鉴于；C. as long as只要；D. in case万一。根据“newer technologies, like digital forms, are challenging older laws and practices”可知下文说的是较新的技术（如数字形式）正在挑战旨在保护早期媒体形式的老法律和实践，可推理出这里是在说明背景条件，故选B项。 【41题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上题。A. boosted提升；B. restored恢复；C. limited限制；D. damaged损害。根据上文“newer technologies, like digital forms, are challenging older laws”可知上文说的是较新的技术（如数字形式）正在挑战老法律，可推理出这里指的是版权的经济基础可能受到损害，故选D项。 【42题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些问题的答案由Vaidhyanathan教授从一个视角给出，他提醒我们“版权系统将帮助决定二十一世纪民主的丰富性和强度”。A. theory理论；B. concern关心；C. perspective视角；D. effect影响。根据下文“the copyright system will help determine the richness and strength of democracy in the twenty-first century”可知，下文说的是版权系统将帮助决定二十一世纪民主的丰富性和强度，可推理出这里指的是从某种角度来看待问题，故选C项。 【43题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上题。A. assumes假设；B. maintains保持；C. reminds提醒；D. persuades说服。根据下文“the copyright system will help determine the richness and strength of democracy in the twenty-first century”可知，这是Vaidhyanathan教授说的话，可推理出这里指的是Vaidhyanathan教授提醒大家版权的重要性，故选C项。 【44题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：然后，挑战在于找到保护真正属于作者的原创作品的平衡，而不是创建一个不补偿作者或将所有工作都移入公共领域的环境。A. location地点；B. awareness意识；C. initiative主动；D. balance平衡。根据下文“protecting original work that truly belongs to an author”可知，下文说的是保护真正属于作者的原创作品，可推理出这里指的是找到保护与开放之间的平衡点，故选D项。 【45题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上题。A. atmosphere氛围；B. adjustment调整；C. advantage优势；D. establishment建立。根据下文“either does not compensate (补偿) an author, or shifts all work into public domain”可知下文说的是不补偿作者或将所有工作都移入公共领域，可推理出这里指的是避免创建一种不利于作者权益保护的氛围，故选A项。 Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. A After retirement from the medical center, my wife and I built our home in a gated community surrounded by swimming clubs and golf courses on Hilton Head Island. But when I left for the other side of the island, I was traveling on unpaved roads lined with leaky cottages. The “lifestyle” of many of the native islanders stood in sharp contrast to my comfortable existence. By talking to the local folks, I discovered that the vast majority of the maids, gardeners, waitresses and construction workers who make this island work had little or no access to medical care. It seemed shocking to me. I wondered why someone didn’t do something about that. Then my father’s words, which he had asked his children daily when they were young, rang in my head again: “What did you do for someone today?” Even though my father had died several years before, I guess I still didn’t want to disappoint him. So I started working on a solution. The island was full of retired doctors. If I could persuade them to spend a few hours a week volunteering their services, we could provide free primary health care to those so desperately in need of it. Most of the doctors I approached liked the idea, so long as they could be re-licensed without troubles. It took one year and plenty of persistence, but I was able to persuade the state legislators (议员) to create a special license for doctors volunteering in not-for-profit clinics. The town donated land, local residents contributed office and medical equipment and some of the potential patients volunteered their weekends decorating the building that would become the clinic. We named it Volunteers in Medicine and we opened its doors in 2015, fully staffed by retired physicians, nurses and dentists as well as nearly 150 nonprofessional volunteers. That year we had 5,000 patient visits; last year we had 16,000. Somehow word of what we were doing got around. Soon we were receiving phone calls from retired physicians all over the country, asking for help in starting VIM clinics in their communities. We did the best we could — there are now 15 other clinics operating — but we couldn’t keep up with the need. Yet last month I think my father’s words found their way up north to McNeil Consumer Healthcare, the maker of Tylen71. A major grant from McNeil will allow us to respond to these requests and help establish other free clinics in communities around the country. 46. What is the passage mainly about? A. The contrast between the rich and the poor on an island. B. The story of a man and his wife who likes to help others. C. The inspiration of a father’s words. D. The life and work of a retired physician. 47. The purpose of Volunteers in Medicine is to ________. A help retired medical workers improve their incomes B. provide free medical services to those who need them C. urge the government to set up non-profit clinics D. make the dream of the author’s father come true 48. Which of the following has been done by the author himself? A. Buying the medical equipment. B. Finding the land and the office. C. Furnishing the building that could be put to use for the clinic. D. Getting a special license for the retired doctors. 49. In the last paragraph, “I think my father’s words found their way up north to McNeill” implies that ________. A. my father’s words finally spread to McNeil B. McNeil decided to do something for the needy people C. my father’s words had a great influence over McNeil D. McNeil was badly in need of professional advice from retired doctors 【答案】46. C 47. B 48. D 49. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。本文讲述了作者退休后，在发现海岛上许多劳动者无法享受医疗保障后，最终创办了一家由退休医务人员和非专业志愿者组成的免费诊所Volunteers in Medicine。随着该诊所的影响力扩大，最终得以在其他社区建立更多的免费诊所。 【46题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第二段中“By talking to the local folks, I discovered that the vast majority of the maids, gardeners, waitresses and construction workers who make this island work had little or no access to medical care. It seemed shocking to me. I wondered why someone didn’t do something about that. Then my father’s words, which he had asked his children daily when they were young, rang in my head again: “What did you do for someone today?”(通过与当地人交谈，我发现绝大多数为这个岛工作女佣、园丁、女服务员和建筑工人很少或根本没有医疗保健。这对我来说似乎很震惊。我想知道为什么没有人做点什么。父亲小时候每天问孩子们的那句话再次在我的脑海里响起：“你今天为别人做了什么？”)”等内容并通读全文可知，文章主要讲述了作者退休后，在发现海岛居民医疗条件匮乏后，受到父亲话语的启发，开始着手解决问题，最终成功创办了一家免费诊所，并影响了更多人。因此，文章主旨是讲述父亲话语的启发对作者的影响，选项C“The inspiration of a father’s words.(父亲话语的启发)”最符合文章主旨。故选C。 【47题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第三段中“If I could persuade them to spend a few hours a week volunteering their services, we could provide free primary health care to those so desperately in need of it.(如果我能说服他们每周花几个小时志愿提供服务，我们就可以为那些迫切需要的人提供免费的基本医疗保健。)”以及第四段中“We named it Volunteers in Medicine and we opened its doors in 2015, fully staffed by retired physicians, nurses and dentists as well as nearly 150 nonprofessional volunteers. (我们将其命名为Volunteers in Medicine，并于2015年开业，员工全部由退休医生、护士和牙医以及近150名非专业志愿者组成。)”可知，作者起初倡议建立该医院的目的是可以为那些迫切需要的人提供免费的基本医疗保健，由此最终Volunteers in Medicine建立而成，全部由退休医生、护士和牙医以及近150名非专业志愿者组成，因此其目的是为有需要的人提供免费医疗服务。故选B。 【48题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第三段中“It took one year and plenty of persistence, but I was able to persuade the state legislators (议员) to create a special license for doctors volunteering in not-for-profit clinics.(我花了一年时间和大量的毅力，但终于说服了州议员为在非营利性诊所志愿服务的医生颁发特别执照。)”可知，是作者自己为退休医生争取到了特别行医执照。故选D。 【49题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中“Yet last month I think my father’s words found their way up north to McNeil Consumer Healthcare, the maker of Tylen71. A major grant from McNeil will allow us to respond to these requests and help establish other free clinics in communities around the country. (然而，上个月，我认为父亲的话传到了北方，传到了Tylen71的制造商McNeil Consumer Healthcare。来自McNeil的一笔主要赠款将使我们能够响应这些请求，并帮助在全国各地的社区建立其他免费诊所。)”可知，作者认为父亲的话传到了北方，传到了Tylen71的制造商麦克尼尔消费者医疗保健公司，此处是一种隐喻，即作者父亲生前的教导或理念，在某种程度上影响或传达到了McNeil Consumer Healthcare，由此McNeil公司决定为有需要的人做点事情，因此提供了资助,，帮助在全国各地的社区建立其他免费诊所。故选B。 B How to pack your luggage for your flight Security control rules for cosmetics, foods and alcohol √Liquids may only be taken into the cabin in containers of less than 100 milliliters each. All liquids must fit into a single transparent, resealable plastic bag with a maximum volume of one liter. √Any larger containers of liquid must be placed in your checked hold baggage. √In addition to drinks and other fluids, nearly all cosmetics and a variety of foods are liquids. Liquids include toothpastes, canned fruit, fish and meat, frozen foods, butters, cream cheeses, yoghurts, etc. √A good rule of thumb is that if you can spread it, it’s liquid. √Liquid baby food formula milk and special dietary products are an exception to the above. You may carry the amount you will need during the flight in your hand baggage. A baby is considered to be a child under 2 years of age who travels with a so-called infant ticket and does not have its own seating. √Medications with a prescription may be taken into the cabin in their original packaging which has the passenger’s name on it. On international flights, be sure to check the rules applicable in the country of destination. √Note! Hairspray containers of more than 500 ml are prohibited on the aircraft and may not be carried as hand baggage or checked hold baggage. √Pack any alcoholic beverages into your hold baggage except those purchased at airports or on aircraft. Please note that alcohol in excess of 70% is not allowed on aircraft. Remember to check the customs regulations of each country before your flight. √Duty free liquids purchased at airports and on aircraft may be taken into the cabin of the aircraft. Transfer passengers may carry duty-free products through the security control. The products must be packed in a sealed, transparent security bag and the receipt must be clearly visible. Carrying electronic equipment and batteries √Consumer devices, such as watches, calculators, cameras, telephones and computers may be carried either as hand baggage or as checked hold baggage. We recommend packing them in your hand baggage. √Spare batteries and power banks may only be carried in hand baggage. How to pack fishing, camping, hunting and skiing equipment √Skis and ice hockey sticks are stored in the cargo hold during the flight. The packing instructions for ice skates and golf clubs vary according to carrier. Some carriers allow transporting them as hand baggage, some do not. We recommend checking this with your carrier before your flight. 50. You are Not Allowed to take ________ into the cabin. A. the 200ml facial cream bought in a duty-free shop B. traditional Chinese medicine with the doctor’s prescription C. homemade 53% white wine D. toothpastes in a transparent sealed plastic bag 51. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A. You can take the ice hockey sticks to the cabin. B. It is advisable to put the charger in your checked hold baggage. C. The parents should share the seat with their infant. D. Extra batteries must be packed in the hold luggage. 52. Where can you read this instruction? A. The airport notice board. B. On the website of an airline. C. In a scientific magazine. D. The advertisement of a travel agency. 【答案】50. C 51. C 52. A 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章是一则关于乘坐飞机行李携带违禁物品的有关规定。 【50题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一部分中“√Pack any alcoholic beverages into your hold baggage, except those purchased at airports or on aircraft. Please note that alcohol in excess of 70% is not allowed on aircraft. Remember to check the customs regulations of each country before your flight.(禁止在手提行李中携带任何酒精饮料，但在机场或飞机上购买的除外。请注意，飞机上不允许携带酒精含量超过70%的物品。乘飞机前记得查一下每个国家的海关规定)”可知，不允许携带自制的53%白葡萄酒进入客舱。故选C。 【51题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一部分中“A baby is considered to be a child under 2 years of age who travels with a so-called infant ticket and does not have its own seating.(婴儿被认为是2岁以下的儿童，使用所谓的婴儿票旅行，没有自己的座位)”可知，C选项“父母应该和他们的婴儿共用一个座位”正确。故选C。 【52题详解】 推理判断题。根据标题“How to pack your luggage for your flight(如何为你的航班打包行李)”、“Security control rules for cosmetics, foods and alcohol(化妆品、食品和酒精安全控制规定)”以及最后一段“We recommend checking this with your carrier before your flight.(我们建议您在登机前向航空公司查询)”结合文章是一则关于乘坐飞机行李携带违禁物品的有关规定。可知，文章选自机场布告栏。故选A。 C Commuter trains are often crowded, and they frequently fail to run on time. As if that were not bad enough, physicist Hondou published a paper in 2002 that gave commuters yet another reason to feel uncomfortable. Dr. Hondou examined mobile phone usage in enclosed spaces such as railway carriages, buses and lifts all of which are metal boxes. His model predicted that a large number of passengers crowded together, all talking, sending text messages, or browsing the web on their phones, could produce levels of electromagnetic radiation that exceed international safety standards. That is because the radio waves produced by each phone are reflected off the metal walls of the carriage, bus or lift. Enough radiation escapes to allow the phone to communicate with the network, but the rest fills the inside of the carriage with bouncing microwaves. This sounds worrying. However, in a paper published recently, Jaime Ferrer and Lucas Fernandez-Seivane from the University of Oviedo in Spain, question the truth of Dr. Hondon's findings. They conclude that the level of radiation is safe after all. In their opinion, while each phone produces radiation that bounces around the car, the passengers absorb some of it, which has the effect of reducing the overall intensity. Dr Hondou's model, in short, was logical only in the case of a single passenger sitting in an empty carriage with an active mobile phone on every seat. According to Dr. Ferrer and his colleagues, Dr. Hondon overestimated the level of electromagnetic radiation. When one is sitting on a train, they found, the most important sources of radiation are one's own phone, and those of one's immediate neighbours. The radiation from these sources far exceeds that from other phones or from waves bouncing around the carriage. And all these sources together produce a level of radiation within the limits defined by the ICNIRP, the international body that regulates such matters. People concerned about the effects of mobile-phone radiation are unlikely to take much comfort from Dr. Ferrer's results. Indeed, Dr. Ferrer says he is surprised at how little research has been done in this area. Yet both Dr. Hondon's results and Dr. Ferrer's are based on mathematical models. Their models make assumptions about the physical properties of train carriages and their passengers, and both assume that the radiation is regularly distributed rather than gathered into “hot spots”. But if the debate about the safety of mobile phone is to be resolved, there must be less focus on models, and more emphasis on physical experimental data. 53. The paper published by Dr. Hondon make the commuters worried because _________. A. he argues that commuter trains do not meet international radiation safety standards B. he thinks that the radiation from mobile phones bouncing around in enclosed spaces is harmful C. commuters fear that the metal walls of the railway carriage will threaten their health D. commuters are afraid that a ban on the use of mobile phones on trains is approaching 54. What is the commuters' reaction after learning about the new research by Dr. Ferrer and his colleagues? A. They don't worry about the safety of mobile phone any more. B. They expect Dr. Ferrer to carry out more researches in this area. C. They still have concerns over the mobile-phone radiation. D. They find the results of all the researches boring. 55. Dr. Hondon's research and that of Dr. Ferrer share the following similarities EXCEPT _________. A. their findings are developed from mathematical model B. they focus on a single passenger in the empty railway carriage C. the models assume certain physical properties of train carriages and the passengers D. their models are built in a way that the radiation in the enclosed spaces is regularly distributed 56. What is the author's attitude toward the research on the effects of mobile-phone radiation? A. He is surprised that too little research has been carried out in this area. B. He thinks that the most important thing for the researcher is to perfect their models. C. He is quite satisfied with the progress made so far. D. He thinks researchers have to depend more on physical experiments. 【答案】53. B 54. C 55. B 56. D 【解析】 【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了科学家们对封闭空间里使用手机时的辐射进行了研究，其结果各不相同；科学家们也给出了其原因。 【53题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“His model predicted that a large number of passengers crowded together, all talking, sending text messages, or browsing the web on their phones, could produce levels of electromagnetic radiation that exceed international safety standards.(他的模型预测，大量乘客挤在一起，所有人都在说话、发短信或用手机浏览网页，可能产生超过国际安全标准的电磁辐射水平)”可知，他认为在密闭空间里，使用手机所带来的辐射远超国际安全标准。故选B项。 【54题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第六段“People concerned about the effects of mobile-phone radiation are unlikely to take much comfort from Dr. Ferrer's results. (担心手机辐射影响的人们不太可能从费勒博士的研究结果中得到多少安慰)”可知，大家对于手机所带来的辐射仍然心存担忧。故选C项。 【55题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Dr. Hondou examined mobile phone usage in enclosed spaces such as railway carriages, buses and lifts all of which are metal boxes.(Hondou博士研究了铁路车厢、公共汽车和电梯等封闭空间的手机使用情况，这些空间都是金属盒子)”以及第五段“When one is sitting on a train, they found, the most important sources of radiation are one's own phone, and those of one's immediate neighbours. The radiation from these sources far exceeds that from other phones or from waves bouncing around the carriage.(他们发现，当一个人坐在火车上时，最重要的辐射源是自己的手机，以及邻座的手机。 这些辐射源的辐射远远超过了其他手机的辐射，也超过了车厢周围反射的电波的辐射)”可知，Dr. Hondou和Dr.Ferrer两人的研究都是以大量的人为对象，而不是在一节空车厢里的一个人。故选B项。 【56题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“But if the debate about the safety of mobile phone is to be resolved, there must be less focus on models, and more emphasis on physical experimental data.(但如果要解决关于手机安全性的争论，就必须少关注模型，多关注物理实验数据)”可知，作者认为关于手机辐射影响的研究应该更多的关注于物理实验研究。故选D项。 【点睛】细节理解题做题关键就在于抓住关键词，再带着问题及关键词仔细地阅读有关内容，认真地思考答案。比如本篇第2题关键词为“Dr. Ferrer and his colleagues”和“commuters' reaction”，带着关键词，我们可以判断信息应该在第六段当中寻找，最后我们定位到信息在“People concerned about the effects of mobile-phone radiation are unlikely to take much comfort from Dr. Ferrer's results.”故此题选择C项。 Section C Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Don’t be stingy with compliments It’s strange how careful we are about praising. Perhaps it’s because few of us know how to accept compliments gracefully. Instead, we are embarrassed and shrug off the words we are really so glad to hear. ___57___ That is why some of the most valued pats on the back are those which come to us indirectly, in a letter or passed on by a friend. When one thinks of the speed with which spiteful remarks are conveyed, it seems a pity that there isn’t more effort to relay pleasing and flattering comments. ___58___ An artist gets complimented for a glorious picture, a cook for a perfect meal. But do you ever tell your laundry manager how pleased you are when the shirts are done just right? Do you ever praise your paper boy for getting the paper to you on time 365 days a year? Praise is particularly appreciated by those doing routine jobs: gas-station attendants, waitresses — even housewives. Do you ever go into a house and say, “What a tidy room”? ___59___ That’s why housework is considered such a dreary grind (苦差事). Comment is often made about activities which are relatively easy and satisfying, like arranging flowers; but not about jobs which are hard and dirty, like scrubbing floors. Shakespeare said, “Our praises are our wages.” Since so often praise is the only wage a housewife receives, surely she of all people should get her measure. Mothers know instinctively that for children an ounce of praise is worth a pound of scolding. ___60___ One day I was criticizing my children for squabbling. “Can you never play peacefully?” I shouted. Susanna looked at me quizzically. “Of course we can,” she said. “But you don’t notice us when we do.” A. Hardly anybody does. B. So, let’s be alert to the small excellences around us — and comment on them. C. Still, we’re not always as perceptive (感觉灵敏的) as we might be about applying the rule. D. It’s especially rewarding to give praise in areas in which effort generally goes unnoticed or unmentioned. E. “I can live for two months on a good compliment,” said Mark Twain. F. Because of this defensive reaction, direct compliments are surprisingly difficult to give. 【答案】57. F 58. D 59. A 60. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了赞美的好处，建议人们赞美他人。 【57题详解】 根据上文“It’s strange how careful we are about praising. Perhaps it’s because few of us know how to accept compliments gracefully. Instead, we are embarrassed and shrug off the words we are really so glad to hear.(奇怪的是，我们对表扬有多小心。也许是因为我们中很少有人知道如何优雅地接受赞美。相反，我们很尴尬，对我们真的很高兴听到的话不屑一顾)”可知，上文提到对赞美感到尴尬，说明接受赞美存在困难，本句解释原因。故F选项“由于这种自我防卫的反应，直接的赞美是非常困难的”符合语境，故选F。 【58题详解】 根据后文“An artist gets complimented for a glorious picture, a cook for a perfect meal. But do you ever tell your laundry manager how pleased you are when the shirts are done just right? Do you ever praise your paper boy for getting the paper to you on time 365 days a year?(一位艺术家因一幅辉煌的画作而受到称赞，一位厨师因一顿完美的饭菜而受到称赞。但是你有没有告诉过你的洗衣店经理，当衬衫洗得恰到好处时，你有多高兴？你有没有赞美过你的报童，因为他一年365天都能准时把报纸交给你？)”可知，后文主要列举了日常生活中一些日常活动的赞美，说明是在建议给予不被人注意的领域给予赞美。故D选项“在努力通常不被注意或不被提及的领域给予表扬是特别有益的”符合语境，故选D。 【59题详解】 根据上文“Praise is particularly appreciated by those doing routine jobs: gas-station attendants, waitresses — even housewives. Do you ever go into a house and say, “What a tidy room”?( 那些做常规工作的人尤其喜欢表扬：加油站服务员、女服务员——甚至家庭主妇。你曾经走进一所房子说：“多么整洁的房间啊”吗？)”以及后文“That’s why housework is considered such a dreary grind (苦差事). Comment is often made about activities which are relatively easy and satisfying, like arranging flowers; but not about jobs which are hard and dirty, like scrubbing floors. Shakespeare said, “Our praises are our wages.” Since so often praise is the only wage a housewife receives, surely she of all people should get her measure.(这就是为什么家务被认为是一件沉闷的苦差事。评论通常是针对相对容易和令人满意的活动，比如插花；但对那些又硬又脏的工作，比如擦地板，就不适用了。莎士比亚说过：“我们的赞美就是我们的工资。”既然称赞常常是家庭主妇得到的唯一报酬，那么在所有人中，她当然应该得到应有的报酬)”可知，后文提到家务被认为沉闷，推测上文提出的赞美房子整洁的问题给出的是否定的回答，没有人去赞美，所以沉闷。故A选项“几乎没有人这么做”符合语境，故选A。 【60题详解】 根据上文“Mothers know instinctively that for children an ounce of praise is worth a pound of scolding.(母亲本能地知道，对孩子来说，一盎司的表扬抵得上一磅的责骂)”以及后文“One day I was criticizing my children for squabbling. “Can you never play peacefully?” I shouted. Susanna looked at me quizzically. “Of course we can,” she said. “But you don’t notice us when we do.”(一天，我在批评孩子们的争吵。“你就不能安安静静地玩吗？”我叫道。苏珊娜疑惑地看着我。“当然可以，”她说。“但你没有注意到我们。”)”可知，后文作者孩子的例子表明，虽然知道孩子应该赞美，但是在实际应用的时候，父母往往会忽略这一点。故C选项“不过，在应用规则方面，我们并不总是那么敏锐”符合语境，故选C。 III. Productive Grammar (10分) Directions: After reading the passage below fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Tuvalu plans for its own disappearance Is a country still a country if it sinks? For over three decades the Pacific island country of Tuvalu has begged industrialized countries ___61___ (cut) their greenhouse-gas emissions. For over three decades global temperatures have ticked up. Tuvalu’s government warns that its territory could slip underwater by the end of the century. “It’s a matter of disappearing from the surface of this Earth,” Kausea Natano, the prime minister, said in September. So Tuvalu is now asking a different question: ___62___ can it continue existing if that happens? Mr Natano’s government ___63___ (correct) the constitution to assert that the country will exist “forever” even if its landmass does not. The new wording, which came into effect on October 1st, will not on its own change very much. ___64___ international law, a country must have a physical territory and permanent population. But no one has considered ___65___ happens if climate change removes a state of those qualities, says Bal Kama, a lawyer who advised the government on its constitutional changes. Tuvalu hopes that if other vulnerable countries follow its lead, international law could change. The government talks about turning Tuvalu into a “digital nation” that could provide services and preserve cultural traditions online even if its people were dispersed to other countries. It considers ___66___ (create) a 3D version of its islands that web users could wander around. All these plans raise more questions than answers. The government is especially keen to make explicit that it would expect to retain its claim on the waters ___67___ (surround) present-day Tuvalu. Combine the “exclusive economic zones” (EEZs) that stretch 200 nautical miles (370km) from their coasts, and Pacific island countries have rights ___68___ (fish) and mine an area of ocean bigger than Africa (see map). Leaders fear that they will lose those rights - and a tuna industry worth billions - if any or all of the islands ___69___ make up their territories disappear. So Tuvalu’s constitutional change states that its maritime boundaries would endure with its statehood. The government wants neighbors to accept that its EEZ will exist forever. Other Pacific governments have also mapped their maritime zones and passed laws asserting that rising sea levels will not affect their EEZs. It is not yet certain that Tuvalu will go under. But its government ____70____ (ready) the rafts. 【答案】61. to cut 62. how 63. has corrected 64. Under##By 65. what 66. creating 67. surrounding 68. to fish 69. that 70. is readying 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了图瓦卢因气候变化导致的海平面上升而面临消失的风险，该国政府为此采取了一系列应对措施，包括修改宪法、计划成为“数字国家”以及明确其对周边海域的主权等，以期在国际法上寻求改变，保留国家的存在和相关权益。 【61题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：三十多年来，太平洋岛国图瓦卢一直恳求工业化国家削减温室气体排放。beg sb. to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“恳求某人做某事”。故填to cut。 【62题详解】 考查连接词。句意：所以图瓦卢现在提出了一个不同的问题：如果发生这种情况，它将如何继续存在？根据句意，此处构成特殊疑问句，表示“如何”应用特殊疑问词how。故填how。 【63题详解】 考查动词时态。句意：纳塔诺先生的政府已经修改了宪法，宣称即使该国的陆地面积不存在，该国也将“永远”存在。设空处应填谓语动词，结合句意可知，“修改宪法”这一动作发生在过去，且对现在造成了一定影响，应用现在完成时，主语为单数名词government，助动词应用has。故填has corrected。 【64题详解】 考查介词。句意：根据国际法，一个国家必须有领土和永久人口。under/by international law为固定短语，构成介词短语作状语，意为“根据国际法”。同时该空置于句首，开头单词首字母大写。故填Under/By。 【65题详解】 考查连接词。句意：为政府宪法改革提供咨询的律师巴尔·卡马说，但没有人考虑到，如果气候变化消除了这些特性中的一个国家会发生什么。设空处引导宾语从句，从句缺少主语，指物，应用连接代词what引导。故填what。 【66题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：它考虑制作一个3D版本的岛屿，让网民可以在上面漫步。设空处应填非谓语动词作宾语，consider doing sth.为固定搭配，意为“考虑做某事”，故应用动名词作宾语。故填creating。 【67题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：政府尤其热衷于明确表示，它希望保留对今天图瓦卢周围水域的主权。句中would expect为谓语动词，设空处应填非谓语动词，waters和surround为逻辑上的主动关系，应用现在分词作后置定语。故填surrounding。 【68题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：把从海岸延伸200海里（370公里）的“专属经济区”（EEZs）结合起来，太平洋岛国有权在比非洲还大的海域捕鱼和采矿（见地图）。have rights to do sth为固定短语，表示“去做……的权利”，使用不定式结构作后置定语。故填to fish。 【69题详解】 考查关系代词。句意： 领导人担心，如果构成他们领土的任何一个或全部岛屿消失，他们将失去这些权利，以及价值数十亿美元的金枪鱼产业。设空处引导定语从句，先行词为the islands，关系词在从句中作主语，同时先行词由 any和all限定，故应用关系代词that引导。故填that。 【70题详解】 考查动词时态。句意：但其政府正在准备木筏。设空处应填谓语动词，根据上文“It is not yet certain that Tuvalu will go under.”可知，目前还不确定图瓦卢是否会破产，但是该政府目前正在积极准备木筏。由此可知句子表述动作现在正在发生，应该使用现在进行时，表示“正在准备木筏”。主语为单数名词government，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填is readying。 IV. Translation (3+3+4+5=15分) Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 71. 照片里的情景和我在梦中看到的情景惊人地相似。(similar) (汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The scene in the picture was surprisingly similar to what I saw in my dream. 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词，副词，时态和宾语从句。句子主语“照片里的情景”可译为the scene in the picture，句首单词首字母大写，“和……相似”用短语be similar to，句子陈述过去发生的事情，时态为一般过去时，主语为单数，be动词用was，“惊人地”可用副词surprisingly修饰形容词similar，“我在梦中看到的情景”译为宾语从句，作介词to的宾语，从句主语“我”用代词I，“看到”用动词see的过去式saw，“在梦中”译为in my dream，从句中缺少宾语，引用what引导从句并作从句中saw的宾语。故翻译为The scene in the picture was surprisingly similar to what I saw in my dream. 72. 相关人员必须通力合作，才能在这个问题上达成协议。(concern) (汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】All those concerned must work together in order that agreement can be reached on the issue. 【解析】 【详解】考查动词、名词和短语。根据句意可知，本句时态可用一般现在时来表示经常性的动作。表示“相关人员”可用短语all those concerned作主语，且位于句首的单词首字母要大写；表示“必须通力合作”可用短语must work together；本句中的“才能”相当于“为了”可以用短语in order that引导从句；表示“在这个问题上”可用短语on the issue；表示“达成协议”可用被动句式agreement can be reached，构成从句。故翻译为All those concerned must work together in order that agreement can be reached on the issue. 73. 这幅画是一位年轻的视觉艺术家所画，他在20世纪80年代末因对于色彩的独特手法而崭露头角。(emerge, approach) (汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The picture was painted by a young visual artist, who emerged in the late 1980s for his/her unique approach to colors. 【解析】 【详解】考查短语和定语从句。此处“这幅画”为the picture，作主语；表示“绘画”应用动词paint，与主语构成被动关系，且发生在过去用一般过去时的被动语态；表示“一位年轻的视觉艺术家”为a young visual artist，引导非限制性定语从句修饰先行词a young visual artist，在从句作主语，指人，应用who；表示“崭露头角”为动词emerge；表示“在20世纪80年代末”为in the late 1980s；表示“因对于色彩的独特手法”翻译为for his/her unique approach to colors，为一般过去时。故翻译为The picture was painted by a young visual artist, who emerged in the late 1980s for his/her unique approach to colors. 74. 这家动物园致力于保护濒危物种，它也是公认的动物教育基地，让游客在富有教育意义的环境中领略动物王国的物种多样性。(conservation, appreciate) (汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The zoo is committed to the conservation of endangered species and recognized as an animal education base, allowing visitors to appreciate the diversity of the animal kingdom in an educational setting. 【解析】 【详解】考查固定搭配，非谓语和时态。根据所给中文句子，“这家动物园”作主语，译为“the zoo”，“致力于”可用固定搭配：be committed to，描述客观事实，用一般现在时，“保护”根据题干要求，用conservation，所以用固定搭配：the conservation of，“濒危物种”作宾语，译为“endangered species”，“它也是公认的”可用and连接的并列句，用固定搭配：be recognized as作并列谓语，前已有be动词，此处直接用过去分词即可，“动物教育基地”译为“an animal education base”，“让游客在富有教育意义的环境中领略动物王国的物种多样性”可用固定搭配：allow sb. to do sth.，allow和逻辑主语zoo之间是主动关系，此处用现在分词作状语，“领略”用动词appreciate，“动物王国的物种多样性”译为“the diversity of the animal kingdom”，“在富有教育意义的环境中”译为“in an educational setting”。故译为：The zoo is committed to the conservation of endangered species and recognized as an animal education base, allowing visitors to appreciate the diversity of the animal kingdom in an educational setting. V. Guided Writing (15分) 75. Directions: Write an English composition in 120 – 150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 当今社会，许多电影和名著浓缩版短视频变得非常流行，比如三分钟解读一部电影，五分钟讲完一部名著等。有些人从这些视频中获益良多，但有些人对此持反对意见并表示担忧。 请就此现象表明态度（填写“for”或“against”），并围绕论点展开议论并给出结论，续写120—150词左右。作文首段已给出，如下： Nowadays, an abundance of book summaries and movie recaps go viral on various platforms. Some people are drawn to these condensed versions (浓缩版本) of classic books and movies in the form of short videos and actually benefit from them, while others are concerned and have begun to voice objections. With respect to the phenomenon, I am ________ (for/against) these kinds of short videos. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】One possible version: Nowadays, an abundance of book summaries and movie recaps go viral on various platforms. Some people are drawn to these condensed versions (浓缩版本) of classic books and movies in the form of short videos and actually benefit from them, while others are concerned and have begun to voice objections. With respect to the phenomenon, I am against these kinds of short videos. These short videos can undermine the original charm and depth of books and movies. By reducing complex stories and profound ideas into brief snippets, they fail to convey the full emotional impact and artistic value. Viewers may then develop a superficial understanding and miss out on the detailed exploration and personal reflection that the original works offer. Furthermore, relying too much on such summaries may lead to a decline in people’s patience and concentration for in-depth reading or viewing. In the long run, it’s not conducive to the cultivation of a genuine appreciation for art and literature. In conclusion, while these short videos may seem convenient, they do more harm than good. We should encourage experiencing the original works to truly understand and cherish their value. 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于开放性作文。题目要求学生就电影和名著浓缩版短视频变得非常流行这一现象发表个人观点，需首先表明支持或反对的态度，然后就该论点展开论述，给出具体的支撑论据，最后给出结论。 【详解】1. 词汇积累 削弱：undermine→weaken 依赖：rely on→depend on 导致：lead to→cause, bring about, give rise to 总之：in conclusion→to conclude, to sum up, in summary 2. 句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：By reducing complex stories and profound ideas into brief snippets, they fail to convey the full emotional impact and artistic value. 拓展句：They reduce complex stories and profound ideas into brief snippets, which leads to their failure to convey the full emotional impact and artistic value. 【点睛】[高分句型1] Viewers may then develop a superficial understanding and miss out on the detailed exploration and personal reflection that the original works offer. (运用了that引导限制性定语从句) [高分句型2] Furthermore, relying too much on such summaries may lead to a decline in people’s patience and concentration for in-depth reading or viewing. (运用了动名词短语作主语) [高分句型3] In conclusion, while these short videos may seem convenient, they do more harm than good. (运用了while引导让步状语从句) 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$