专题02 限制性定语从句（期末复习讲义）高一英语上学期译林版

专题02 限制性定语从句（期末复习讲义） 年份 卷别 考点 考情分析 2024 新高考I卷 限制性定语从句that/which 【考向透视】 1.聚焦关系词运用：重点考查关系代词(如that、which、who、whom、whose )和关系副词(where、when、why)的选择，依据先行词特性及在从句中充当的成分来判断 。 2.重视特殊结构：“介词+关系代词”结构，以及“介词+关系代词”中如何选介词。 3.结合语境考查：将定语从句融入语篇，如语法填空、短文改错，需结合上下文判断引导词，对学生的语境理解和语法运用能力要求更高。 4.与其他语法综合：常与强调句、名词性从句、状语从句结合考查，学生需准确区分不同从句类型和引导词的用法。 【复习目标】 1.掌握核心语法：牢记关系词的基本用法、适用情形，能精准判断先行词，明确其在从句中的语法功能。 2.突破难点易错点：攻克“介词+关系代词”结构、定语从句和状语从句,名词性从句的辨析。 3.提升语境运用能力：在不同语境中快速分析句子结构，准确填写定语从句引导词，提高语法填空的准确率。 4.写作运用：在书面表达中，灵活、准确运用定语从句，丰富句式，提升作文的语言质量。 1月浙江卷 限制性定语从句that/which 2023 全国乙卷 限制性定语从句which/that 2022 新高考I卷 限制性定语从句that ( 限制性定语从句 ) 知识点01 关系代词的用法 关系代词 先行词 在从句中的作用 who 人 主语、宾语 whom 人 宾语 which 物 主语、宾语 that 人或物 主语、宾语、表语 whose 人或物 定语 as 人或物 主语、宾语 1.who 指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。 That is the teacher who teaches us physics. 那就是教我们物理的老师。 2.whom 指人，在定语从句中做宾语，常可省略，在口语或非正式文体中常可用who 来代替。 Li Ming is just the boy (whom) I want to see. 李明正是我想要见的男孩。 3.which 指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语，做宾语时常可省略。 Football is a game which is liked by most boys. 足球是大多数男孩所喜欢的运动。 This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday. 这是他昨天买的钢笔。 4.that 指人时，相当于who 或whom；指物时，相当于which.。在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时常可省略。 He is the man that/who lives next door. 他就是住在隔壁的那个人。 Where is the man (that/whom) I saw this morning? 我今天早上看到的那个人在哪儿？ I don’t like stories that/which have unhappy endings. 我不喜欢结尾悲伤的故事。 The dress (that/which) Ann bought doesn’t fit her very well. 安买的衣服不太合身。 5.whose 指人、物皆可，与后面的名词有所属关系，在定语从句中做定语。 He has a friend whose father is a doctor. 他有一个爸爸当医生的朋友。 I once lived in the house whose roof has fallen in. 我曾经住在那幢屋顶已经倒塌了的房子里。 注意：指物时，常用以下结构来代替： The house whose windows are broken is empty. =The house the windows of which are broken is empty. =The house of which the windows are broken is empty. 注意：whose+n.=the+n.+of which=of which+the+n. 6.as 当先行词受so, such, the same 修饰时使用。 如： I’ve never heard such stories as he tells. 我从未听过像他讲的这样的故事。 He is not such a fool as he looks. 他可不像他看上去的那样傻。 This is the same dictionary as I lost last week. 这部词典跟我上星期丢失的一样。 注意：当先行词受the same 修饰时，偶尔也用 that引导定语从句，但与as引导的定语从句意思有区别。 如： She wore the same dress that she wore at Mary’s wedding. 她穿着她在玛丽婚礼上穿过的同一条连衣裙。 She wore the same dress as her younger sister wore. 她穿着跟她妹妹所穿的一样的连衣裙。 因此，the same...as... 指同一类或相似的事物 the same...that... 指同一个事物 【即时检测】 用关系代词合并为定语从句. 1．The city is very beautiful. I visited the city last summer. 【答案】The city which I visited last summer is very beautiful.//The city that I visited last summer is very beautiful./The city I visited last summer is very beautiful. 【详解】考查定语从句。原句句意：这座城市非常美丽。我去年夏天参观了这座城市。改写后句意：我去年夏天参观的这座城市非常美丽。确定先行词：在两个简单句中，共同描述的对象是The city，所以The city是合并后句子中定语从句的先行词。将第二句改为定语从句，先行词The city指物，关系词代替先行词在定语从句中作visited的宾语，关系代词可以用that或which，也可以省略关系代词。故答案为：The city that/which (或无关系词) I visited last summer is very beautiful. 2．The black pen writes well. I like the black pen very much. 【答案】The black pen that/which (或无关系词) I like very much writes well. 【详解】考查定语从句。原句句意：这支黑钢笔写得很好。我非常喜欢那支黑色钢笔。改写后句意：我非常喜欢的那支黑色钢笔写得很好。确定先行词：在两个简单句中，共同描述的对象是the black pen，所以the black pen是合并后句子中定语从句的先行词。将第二句改为定语从句，先行词the black pen指物，关系词代替先行词在定语从句中作宾语，关系代词可以用that或which，也可以省略关系代词。故答案为：The black pen that/which (或无关系词) I like very much writes well. 3．The cute girl has long hair. The cute girl is my classmate. 【答案】The cute girl who has long hair is my classmate./The cute girl that has long hair is my classmate. 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这个可爱的女孩有长头发。这个可爱的女孩是我的同学。两个句子有着相同的主语，可将第一句处理为限制性定语从句，修饰第二句主语The cute girl，即先行词，指人，关系词将其代入从句中作主语，用关系代词who或that引导从句，其他部分不变。故填The cute girl who/that has long hair is my classmate. 4．The book is very interesting. I bought the book yesterday. 【答案】The book which I bought yesterday is very interesting./The book that I bought yesterday is very interesting./The book I bought yesterday is very interesting. 【详解】考查定语从句。原句句意：这本书非常有趣。我昨天买了这本书。改写后句意：我昨天买的那本书非常有趣。确定先行词：在两个简单句中，共同描述的对象是the book，所以the book是合并后句子中定语从句的先行词。将第二句改为定语从句，先行词the book指物，代替先行词在定语从句中作bought的宾语，可用关系代词that或which，也可以省略关系代词。故答案为：The book which/that (或无关系词) I bought yesterday is very interesting. 5．The little boy is playing football. The little boy is my brother. 【答案】The little boy who/that is playing football is my brother. 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：正在踢足球的那个小男孩是我哥哥。原句是两个简单句，均含有The little boy，第一个句子可改写为限定性定语从句，修饰先行词The little boy，关系词在从句中作主语，先行词指人，应用关系代词who或that引导，故答案是The little boy who/that is playing football is my brother. 6．The novelist will attend the literary festival next month. The novelist’s latest book explores themes of peace and freedom. 【答案】The novelist whose latest book explores themes of peace and freedom will attend the literary festival next month. 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这位小说家将于下月出席文学节。这位小说家的最新著作探讨了和平与自由的主题。第一个简单句作为主句，第二个简单句作为定语从句，将the novelist作为先行词，与latest book为所属关系，需使用关系代词whose引导从句，替代原句中的所有格the novelist’s。故答案是：The novelist whose latest book explores themes of peace and freedom will attend the literary festival next month. 7．The doctor can treat rare diseases. The doctor was awarded the National Medical Prize last year. 【答案】The doctor who/that was awarded the National Medical Prize last year can treat rare diseases. /The doctor who/that can treat rare diseases was awarded the National Medical Prize last year. 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：去年获得国家医学奖的那位医生能治疗罕见疾病。/能治疗罕见疾病的那位医生去年获得了国家医学奖。先行词是“the doctor”（医生），指人，在两个句子中分别承担不同角色。以第一个句子为主句时，第二个句子中“the doctor”作主语，可用关系代词“who”或“that”引导定语从句“who/that was awarded the National Medical Prize last year”，在句中作定语修饰“the doctor”，表明是去年获得国家医学奖的那位医生能治疗罕见疾病；以第二个句子为主句时，第一个句子中“the doctor”作主语，同样用“who”或“that”引导定语从句“who/that can treat rare diseases”，在句中作定语修饰“the doctor”，即能治疗罕见疾病的那位医生去年获得了国家医学奖。故填The doctor who/that was awarded the National Medical Prize last year can treat rare diseases. /The doctor who/that can treat rare diseases was awarded the National Medical Prize last year. 8．This restaurant has an inviting, homelike atmosphere. Many others are short of the atmosphere. 【答案】This restaurant has an inviting, homelike atmosphere that many others are short of./This restaurant has an inviting, homelike atmosphere which/many others are short of./This restaurant has an inviting, homelike atmosphere many others are short of. 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这家餐厅有着诱人的、如家一般的氛围。其他许多餐厅都缺乏这种氛围。改写成定语从句，将第一个简单句作为主句，第二个简单句作为定语从句，先行词atmosphere，指物，在定语从句中作宾语，需用关系代词that/which引导，或者将关系代词省略。故答案是：This restaurant has an inviting, homelike atmosphere that/which/或无关系代词 many others are short of.。 易｜错｜点｜拨 一. 限制性定语从句中只能用that 引导的情况 1.当先行词为all, much, little, something, everything, anything, nothing, none, few, the one等词时或者被这些词修饰的时候。 Everything that he said was true. 2.当先行词被the very(恰恰，正好), the only，any，few，little，no，all修饰时。 This is the very grammar book (that) I want to buy. The only thing that is constant is change. There was little that we could do to help her. 3.当先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时。 This is the best that has been used against pollution. This is the most interesting film that I've ever seen. 4.当先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰时。 The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben. What is the first American film that you have seen? 5.当主句的主语是疑问词who或which时。(避免引导词的重复出现) Who that has common sense will believe such nonsense? Which is the T-shirt that fits me most? 6.当先行词既有人又有物时。 Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about? 7.先行词在定语从句中做表语，而关系代词在从句中也做表语时。 She is no longer the sweet girl (that) she used to be. He is not the man (that) he seems. 二. 限制性定语从句只用which的情况 1.引导限定性定语从句(不用逗号分隔),先行词指物，对句子意思的表达起着关键作用。 You should select the option which best suits your requirements. 你要挑选最符合你需求的选项。 2.用于“介词 + which”结构，这种结构较为正式，常见于书面语中。 The city in which I was born is located in the southern part of the country.我出生的城市位于这个国家的南部。 3.先行词本身是that, 宜用which What’s that which she is looking at? 三. 限制性定语从句只用who的情况 在定语从句中who和that指代人时常可以通用，但在下列情况中只能用who，而不能用that。 1.先行词是one, ones和anyone时，宜用who。 One who has nothing to fear for oneself dares to tell the truth. The ones who flatter me don’t please me. Anyone who fails to finish the task given should be criticized. 2.先行词是those时，宜用who。 No words are strong enough to express our thanks to those who worked hard to rescue survivors in the earthquake. 3.当先行词有较长的后置定语时，宜用who。 I met a girl in the street yesterday who grew up in western Yunnan province. 4.一个句子带有两个定语从句时，其中一个定语从句的关系代词是that, 另一个宜用who。 The boy that you met last night is the group leader who studies very hard. 知识点02 关系副词的用法 1.when 指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。 I still remember the day when I first came to this school. 我仍然记得我第一次来到这所学校的那一天。 October 1, 1949 was the day when the People’s Republic of China was founded. 1949年10月1日是中华人民共和国成立的日子。 2.where 指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。 注意先行词还可以是抽象的地点名词，如：case, point, situation, circumstance, activity… Shanghai is the city where I was born. 上海是我出生的城市。 I visited the farm where a lot of cows were raised. 我参观了那个饲养了许多奶牛的农场。 He’s got himself into a dangerous situation where he is likely to lose control over the plane. 3.why 指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语。 Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane. 请告诉我你误机的原因。 The reason why he was punished is unknown to us. 他受惩罚的原因我们都不知道。 注意：关系副词引导的定语从句经常可以用“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句来表示。如： I’ll never forget the day when/on which I first met you. 我永远不会忘记第一次见你的那天。 Great changes are taking place in the city where/in which they live. 他们生活的城市正发生巨大的变化。 The reason why/for which he refused the invitation is quite clear. 他为什么拒绝接受邀请的原因是十分明了的。 【即时检测】 用关系副词合并为定语从句. 1．She is always kind and helpful. That is why everyone likes her.（用The reason why...is that..改写） 【答案】The reason why everyone likes her is that she is always kind and helpful. 【详解】考查固定句式。句意：她总是善良且乐于助人，这就是为什么每个人都喜欢她。原句中前半句“She is always kind and helpful”是“每个人喜欢她的原因”，后半句“That is why everyone likes her”解释结果，用“The reason why...is that...”结构改写时，“why”引导定语从句修饰先行词“The reason”，从句需体现结果“everyone likes her”，“is ”后接that引导的表语从句，陈述原因“she is always kind and helpful”，同时注意调整语序使逻辑通顺。故改写为The reason why everyone likes her is that she is always kind and helpful. 2．The park is crowded today. We often take a walk in the park. 【答案】The park where/in which we often take a walk is crowded today. 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我们经常去散步的那个公园今天很拥挤。原句是两个简单句，第二个句子可改写为定语从句，修饰先行词park，结合“in the park”可知，关系词在从句中作地点状语，可用where或in which引导，故答案是The park where/in which we often take a walk is crowded today. 3．The big house looks beautiful. Tom lives in the big house. 【答案】The big house where Tom lives looks beautiful./The big house in which Tom lives looks beautiful. 【详解】考查定语从句。 句意：汤姆居住的那座大房子看起来很漂亮。两个句子的相同部分是big house，所以用它作为先行词，代替先行词在从句中作地点状语，关系副词“where”或者“in which”引导定语从句。故填The big house where/in which Tom lives looks beautiful. 4．The film brought the hours back to me. I was taken good care of in that small village during the hours. 【答案】The film brought the hours back to me when I was taken good care of in that small village. 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这部电影把那些时光带回了我的脑海中。在那些时光里，我在那个小村庄得到了很好的照顾。改写成定语从句，将第一个简单句作为主句，第二个简单句作为定语从句，先行词是the hours，关系词在定语从句中作时间状语，需用关系代词when引导。故答案是The film brought the hours back to me when I was taken good care of in that small village. 5．Many countries are now setting up national parks. Animals and plants can be protected in the national parks. 【答案】Many countries are now setting up national parks where animals and plants can be protected. 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：许多国家如今正在建立国家公园，在这些国家公园里动植物能够得到保护。先行词是“national parks”，在第二个句子“Animals and plants can be protected in the national parks”中，“national parks”作地点状语，所以用关系副词“where”引导定语从句，“where animals and plants can be protected”在合并后的句子中作定语。故填Many countries are now setting up national parks where animals and plants can be protected. 6．He went to a big city. Many of his friends work in the city. → 【答案】He went to a big city in which many of his friends work./He went to a big city where many of his friends work. 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：他去了一个大城市，他的许多朋友都在这个城市工作。两个句子含有共同部分“city”，结合题目要求“改写定语从句”，可以用a big city作先行词，指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语，所以需用关系副词where或介词in+关系代词which引导定语从句，替代in the city。故填：He went to a big city in which/where many of his friends work. 7．Earlier risers are less likely to get depressed. The reason seems to be linked to getting more light exposure during the day. 【答案】The reason why earlier risers are less likely to get depressed seems to be linked to getting more light exposure during the day. 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：早起的人不太容易抑郁的原因似乎与白天接触更多的阳光有关。原句是两个简单句，第一个句子可改写为定语从句，先行词是reason，关系词在从句中作原因状语，使用why引导，故答案是The reason why earlier risers are less likely to get depressed seems to be linked to getting more light exposure during the day. 8．Mary left a note under the mailbox. She and her friend used to exchange small gifts there when they were children. 【答案】Mary left a note under the mailbox where she and her friend used to exchange small gifts when they were children. 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：玛丽在邮筒下面留了一张纸条。她和她的朋友小时候经常在那里交换小礼物。分析可知第二个句子中的there指代第一个句子中的the mailbox，表地点，所以可以用the mailbox作为先行词，用关系副词where引导定语从句修饰the mailbox。故改写为Mary left a note under the mailbox where she and her friend used to exchange small gifts when they were children. 解｜题｜技｜巧 1.定语从句是形容词性的，它用来修饰名词或代词； 2.掌握定语从句的分类(限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句)和引导词的特点(关系代词作成分、关系副词只能充当状语)及引导词的使用限定； 3.在选择引导词时，遵循三字原则(断：断句，划分好主句和从句；找：找准先行词；放：将引导词放入从句中，同时要看好从句是否缺少成分，再选择引导词的类别 知识点03 “介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句 1. “介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句时，介词的宾语只能用which或whom，且不能省略。 Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon which school education depends. 一些专家认为阅读是学校教育所依赖的基本技能。 Wu Dong, with whom I went to the concert, enjoyed it very much. 和我一起去听音乐会的吴东，非常喜欢这次音乐会。 注：在这种结构中，介词与先行词组成短语，在从句中充当句子成分，因此介词的选用时受到一定限制的，仍然根据先行词与介词的搭配关系而定。 2. “不定代词/数词/形容词比较级或最高级＋of which/whom”引导的定语从句，表示部分与整体关系。如：some, any, none, all, both, neither, many, most, each, few等代词或者数词或分数，百分比加上of which或of whom来修饰或限定先行词。 He loves his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him. In the basket there are quite many apples, some of which have gone bad. Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears，none of which has been proved. 科学家们提出了很多关于人类为什么哭泣时流泪的理论，这些理论尚未得到证实。 Many young people，most of whom were well­educated，headed for remote regions to chase their dreams. 很多年轻人都去了偏远地区追求自己的梦想，他们中大部分都受过良好的教育。 3. 在定语从句中，whose修饰物时可以换为“the＋名词＋of which”；修饰人时，可以换为“the＋名词＋of whom”。 The newly­built café, whose walls (＝the walls of which) are painted light green，is really a peaceful place for us，especially after hard work. 这家新建成的咖啡馆，墙被刷成了浅绿色，对我们来说，真是一个安静的地方，特别是在辛苦工作后。 I live next door to a couple whose children (＝the children of whom) often make a lot of noise. 我住在一对夫妻的隔壁，他们的孩子经常制造噪音。 【即时检测】 用介词+关系代词合并为定语从句. 1．In the past three years I have taken part in many activities. I performed well and gained rich experience in those activities. 【答案】In the past three years I have taken part in many activities in which I performed well and gained rich experience. 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：在过去三年里，我参加了许多活动，并且在其中表现出色，积累了丰富的经验。此处改为介词+关系代词结构定语从句，修饰先行词activities，表示“在其中”用介词in，作介词的宾语，先行词指物，故用which，此处“in which”表示“在这些活动中”。故改为In the past three years I have taken part in many activities in which I performed well and gained rich experience. 2．The ancient town has a unique atmosphere. In the atmosphere, people can experience the traditional culture deeply. 【答案】The ancient town has a unique atmosphere in which people can experience the traditional culture deeply./The ancient town has a unique atmosphere where people can experience the traditional culture deeply.【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这个古镇有一种独特的氛围，人们可以在那里深刻地体验传统文化。根据原句句意以及要求提示可知，原句可转换为定语从句从而合并句子，先行词是“a unique atmosphere”（独特的氛围），关系词替代先行词在从句中作地点状语（“在这种氛围中”），因此可以用“in which”或关系副词“where”引导限制性定语从句。合并后句子结构为：先行词 + 定语从句（in which/where + 从句剩余部分），使两句话逻辑更紧密，符合语法规则。故答案是：The ancient town has a unique atmosphere in which/where people can experience the traditional culture deeply. 3．We explored a historical museum. We learned about ancient objects and Chinese dynasties there. 【答案】We explored a historical museum where we learned about ancient objects and Chinese dynasties. / We explored a historical museum in which we learned about ancient objects and Chinese dynasties. 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我们参观了一个历史博物馆，在那里我们了解了古代文物和中国朝代。两个句子的共同部分是“a historical museum”，可将其作为先行词，因其在定语从句中作地点状语，所以可用关系副词where或“介词 + 关系代词”即in which引导定语从句来进行改写，说明“了解古代文物和中国朝代”的地点是“历史博物馆”。故改写为：We explored a historical museum where/in which we learned about ancient objects and Chinese dynasties. 4．I will never forget those days.I was brought up in the countryside then. 【答案】I will never forget those days, when I was brought up in the countryside. I will never forget those days, on which I was brought up in the countryside. 【详解】考查定语从句，句意：我永远不会忘记那些日子。那时我在乡下长大。先行词为those days，在定语从句作时间状语，关系副词为when或者on which。第二个句子中的then去掉，故填I will never forget those days, when I was brought up in the countryside./ I will never forget those days, on which I was brought up in the countryside. 5．The child is going through a difficult phase. More care and guidance are needed in this phase. 【答案】The child is going through a difficult phase when more care and guidance are needed./The child is going through a difficult phase in which more care and guidance are needed. 【详解】考查限制性定语从句。原句句意：这个孩子正在经历一个困难的阶段。在这个阶段需要更多的关心和指导。第二句中的this phase指代前一句中的a difficult phase，可将a difficult phase作为先行词，用限制性定语从句加以修饰，可将先行词作为定语从句中的时间状语，用关系副词when引导，或将先行词作为从句中介词in的宾语，用关系代词which引导。故答案为：The child is going through a difficult phase when more care and guidance are needed./The child is going through a difficult phase in which more care and guidance are needed. 6．The colorless gas is called oxygen. We can’t live without the gas. 【答案】The colorless gas is called oxygen without which we can’t live. 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这种无色的气体被称为氧气。没有这种气体我们就无法生存。可以将第二个句子改变为定语从句，先行词是The colorless gas，关系词代替先行词在从句中作without的宾语，可用“介词without+关系代词which”引导定语从句，去掉第二句中的the gas。故答案为The colorless gas is called oxygen without which we can’t live. 7．The wonderful days will be forever treasured. We studied together in the days. 【答案】The wonderful days when we studied together will be forever treasured./The wonderful days in which we studied together will be forever treasured. 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：那些美好的日子将永远被珍藏。在那些日子里我们一起学习。先行词是days，关系词指代先行词可以在定语从句中作时间状语，用关系副词when引导，或者用in which引导。故填The wonderful days when/in which we studied together will be forever treasured。 8．Water is the natural medium. The fish live in it. 【答案】Water is the natural medium in which the fish live. 【详解】考查“介词+which”引导的定语从句。句意：水是鱼类生活的自然介质。将两个句子合并，先行词是medium，用关系代词which替代it，在定语从句中作介词in的宾语，所以合并时需要把介词in放在关系代词which之前。故填Water is the natural medium in which the fish live. 易｜错｜点｜拨 1.含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开，介词仍放在短语动词的后面。如：look for, look after, take care of 等。 This is the watch (which/that) I am looking for. (正) This is the watch for which I am looking. (误) 2.介词后的关系代词不可用that和who，若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时只可用whom，指物时只可用which；关系代词是所有格时用whose。 The man with whom you talked just now is my neighbour. (正) The man with that/who you talked just now is my neighbour. (误) 基础通关（测试时间：10分钟） 一、单项选择 1．The second book ________ I want to read was written by Luxun. A．that B．which C．what D．as 【答案】A 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我想要阅读的第二本书是鲁迅所著。定语从句修饰先行词book，且由序数词修饰，只能用that引导。故选A。 2．The teacher was satisfied with all the homework ________ had been finished by us. A．whose B．who C．what D．that 【答案】D 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：老师对我们完成的所有作业都感到满意。定语从句修饰先行词homework，在从句中作主语，且由all修饰，只能用that引导。故选D。 3．The man ________ you talked to just now is a worker. A．who B．whose C．whom D．which 【答案】C 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：刚才和你说话的那个人是个工人。此处为关系词引导的定语从句，先行词The man指人，且从句中缺少介词to的宾语，需用关系代词whom引导，在口语或非正式语境中可省略，也可用who，但whom更正式且明确作宾语。故选C项。 4．The talk between the two countries on joint space exploration, ________ is reported in today’s Science Journal, is making groundbreaking progress ________ could redefine our understanding of Mars. A．as; what B．which; what C．as; that D．which; which 【答案】C 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：据今天的《科学杂志》报道，两国关于联合太空探索的谈判正在取得突破性进展，这些进展可能会重新定义我们对火星的理解。“____ is reported in today’s Science Journal”为非限制性定语从句，修饰整个主句内容，关系词在从句中作主语，表示“正如”，所以应用关系代词as引导该从句；“____ could redefine our understanding of Mars”为限制性定语从句，修饰先行词progress，关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，指物，用关系代词that或which引导。故选C。 5．There is a taxi in the bus station ________we can hire to explore the island with ease and great joy daily. A．where B．when C．which D．why 【答案】C 【详解】考查定语从句关系词。句意：汽车站有一辆出租车，我们可以租这辆出租车每天轻松愉快地探索这个岛屿。“____ we can hire to explore the island with ease and great joy daily”是限制性定语从句，先行词是a taxi，指物，在从句中作hire的宾语，所以用关系代词which/that。故选C。 6．The students were so involved in discussing such complex math problems ________ they couldn’t figure out at all ________ they didn’t notice their English teacher was approaching. A．as; when B．as; that C．that; while D．that; that 【答案】B 【详解】考查定语从句和状语从句。句意：学生们沉浸在讨论这些复杂的数学问题中，他们根本无法解决这样的问题，以至于没有注意到他们的英语老师正在走近。第一空引导定语从句，先行词是math problems，关系词在从句中作宾语，且先行词前有such修饰，应用关系代词as引导，构成“such...as”结构；第二空和前面的so构成so...that引导结果状语从句，意为“如此……以至于……”，故选B。 7．The thieves, ________ were dressed as construction workers, scaled the ladder and cut through a window in the Apollo Gallery, just a few rooms away from the exhibition hall ________ the “Mona Lisa” is displayed. A．two of whom; which B．two of them; which C．two of them; where D．of whom two; where 【答案】D 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这些小偷中有两人装扮成建筑工人，他们爬上梯子，切开了阿波罗画廊的一扇窗户，这里距离《蒙娜丽莎》展出的展厅只有几个房间的距离。第一空引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是The thieves，指人，关系词作介词of的宾语，表示“他们中的两个”应用two of whom；第二空引导限制性定语从句，先行词是the exhibition hall，在从句the ‘Mona Lisa’ is displayed中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导从句。故选D。 8．The reason ________ he gave me for not submitting his homework was ________ he had left it in his dorm. A．why; because B．why; that C．that; because D．that; that 【答案】D 【详解】考查定语从句与表语从句。句意：他给我解释没交作业的原因是他把作业落在宿舍了。第一个空，“____ he gave me for not submitting his homework”是定语从句，先行词是the reason，在从句中作gave的宾语，所以用关系代词that；第二个空，“____ he had left it in his dorm”是表语从句，从句结构完整，不缺成分，用that引导，the reason is that...是固定句型，意为“原因是……” 。故填that; that。 9．I take out a banana ________ is from Brazil. The banana came here by boat, the carbon footprint of ________ is small. A．that, which B．where, that C．which, it D．what, which 【答案】A 【详解】考查定语从句。 句意：我拿出一根来自巴西的香蕉。这根香蕉是乘船来到这里的，它的碳足迹很小。第一个空格处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为a banana，是物，关系词在定语从句作主语，需用关系代词that或which引导定语从句。第二个空格处引导非限制性定语从句，指代前文整个事件，且关系词在定语从句中作宾语，所以用关系代词which引导该从句。故选A。 10．— Have you ever been to Xi’an? — No, but that’s the city ________. A．where I most like to visit B．I’d most like to visit it C．which I like to visit most D．where I’d like most to visit 【答案】C 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：——你去过西安吗？——没有，但那是我最想去参观的城市。设空处是限制性定语从句，修饰先行词city，结合句意和选项可知，定语从句中有及物动词visit，先行词city在定语从句中作宾语，表示“参观城市”，应用关系代词which引导从句。故选C项。 重难突破（测试时间：10分钟） 一、语法填空 1．She is the only person can successfully solve this tough problem. 【答案】that/who 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：她是唯一能成功解决这个难题的人。空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词“the only person”，指人，关系代词在定语从句中充当主语，使用关系代词that/who引导从句。故填that/who。 2．Can you see the mountain top is covered with snow? 【答案】whose 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：你能看见那座山顶被雪覆盖的山吗？空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词the mountain，指物，在定语从句中作定语，需用关系代词whose引导。故填whose。 3．While living in Saudi Arabia, I had opportunities to travel to a few countries I had unique experiences. 【答案】where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：在沙特阿拉伯生活期间，我有机会去一些国家旅行，在那里我有了独特的经历。此处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为countries，在从句中作地点状语，用where引导，故填where。 4．The professor talked about the famous writers and novels have far-reaching effects on modern American literature. 【答案】that 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：教授谈到了对现代美国文学有深远影响的著名作家和小说。空格处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the famous writers and novels，既有人又有物，且在从句中作主语，应用关系代词that引导定语从句。故填that。 5．The reason I had a fight with Kim was that she cheated! 【答案】why 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我和金吵架的原因是她作弊！“___ I had a fight with Kim”为定语从句，先行词是reason，关系词代替先行词在从句中作原因状语，应用关系副词why引导。故填why。 6．She is one of those women always make the worst of their troubles. 【答案】who 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：她是那种总是把麻烦事情往最糟糕方面想的女人。定语从句修饰先行词women，在从句作主语，指人，故填who。 7．She described in her diary the people and the places impressed her most. 【答案】that 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：她在日记中描述了给她印象最深的人和地方。本空引导限制性定语从句，先行词是the people and the places，既有人又有物，关系词指代先行词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词that引导。故填that。 8．The new CRH train between Beijing and Shanghai speed can reach about 380 km/h will benefit people a lot. 【答案】whose 【详解】考查定语从句关系词。句意：北京和上海之间的新型和谐号列车，其速度可达约380公里每小时，这将使人们受益匪浅。先行词“the new CRH train”，在定语从句中作定语，关系代词为whose 。故填whose。 9．I will stamp my golden stay in Paris on my heart I led a happy and fruitful life. 【答案】when 【详解】考查定语从句关系词。句意：我会将在巴黎那段美好的时光深深印在心里，在那段时间里我过着快乐且充实的生活。英文句子中“____ I led a happy and fruitful life”为定语从句，修饰先行词“stay”，先行词在从句中作时间状语，所以用关系副词“when”。故填when。 10．Every artist’s dream is to create something expresses an idea. 【答案】that 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：每个艺术家的梦想都是创造出能表达一种想法的东西。空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词something，先行词为复合不定代词，指物，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词that引导。故填that。 易混易错（测试时间：10分钟） 一、用关系代词that或which填空 1. An exhibition at the Jiushi Art Museum in Shanghai is featuring artwork inspired by Go, or weiqi in Chinese, ________ originated in China more than 4,000 years ago. 2. Tanya is also looking beyond special-occasion dresses to less formal clothing, ________ she plans to package as capsule wardrobes and offer to travellers, such as those headed to weddings abroad, with a longer-term rental period. 3. Of course, shops are not charities-they price goods in the way ________ will make them the most money. 4. He called it a pollutant ________ threatens nocturnal animals and affects plants and microorganisms. 5. But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place ________ welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life, with 21st-century architectural wonders standing side by side with historical buildings of the past. 【答案】1. which 2. which 3. which/that 4. that/which 5. that/which 【解析】 1. 考查定语从句关系词。句意：上海久事美术馆正在举办一场展览，展出以Go(或者中文称作围棋)为灵感创作的艺术品，这种棋类运动起源于4000多年前的中国。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是Go，指物，关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which作引导词。故填which。 2. 考查定语从句关系词。句意：坦尼娅也在将目光从特殊场合着装投向更休闲的服饰，她计划把这类服饰打包成“胶囊衣橱”，提供给旅客(比如那些要去国外参加婚礼的人)，且租赁期限更长。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是less formal clothing，指物，关系词替代先行词在从句中作package的宾语，应用关系代词which作引导词。故填which。 3. 考查定语从句关系词。句意：当然，商店不是慈善机构——他们给商品定价的方式会让他们最赚钱。空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词是the way，指物，关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which或that作引导词。故填which或that。 4. 考查定语从句关系词。句意：他称它是一种污染物，它会威胁夜行动物，影响植物和微生物。空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词是a pollutant，指物，关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词that或which作引导词。故填that或which。 5. 考查定语从句关系词。句意：但尽管拥有众多古建筑，北京仍是一座拥抱现代生活快节奏发展的城市 —— 这里，21 世纪的建筑奇迹与过去的历史建筑并肩而立。空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词是a place，关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词that或which作引导词。故填that或which。 二.用关系代词who，whom，that，whose或as填空 6. Now I have become a senior high school student and this means I have an opportunity to become a different person ________ can be better prepared for my future life. 7. So the very thing ________ once saved us may now be killing us. 8. Chinese cultural elements commemorating (纪念) Tang Xianzu, ________ is known as “the Shakespeare of Asia,” add an international character to Stratford-upon-Avon, William Shakespeare’s hometown. 9. Kate, ________ sister I shared a room with when we were at college, has gone to work in Australia. 10. He is such a lovely student ________ everyone likes. 【答案】6. who/that 7. that 8. who 9. whose 10. as 【解析】 6. 考查定语从句。句意：现在我已经是一名高中生了，这意味着我有机会成为一个不一样的人——一个能为未来生活做好更充分准备的人。空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词是person，指人，代替先行词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who或that引导。故填who或that。 7. 考查定语从句。句意：所以曾经拯救我们的东西现在可能正在杀死我们。空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词是thing，从句缺少主语，且先行词被the very修饰，此时只能用关系代词that引导。故填that。 8. 考查定语从句关系词。句意：纪念被誉为“亚洲莎士比亚”的汤显祖的中国文化元素，为威廉·莎士比亚的故乡埃文河畔斯特拉特福德增添了国际化的色彩。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是Tang Xianzu，指人，代替先行词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who作引导词。故填who。 9. 考查定语从句。句意：凯特已经去澳大利亚工作了，我们上大学时，她的妹妹和我住在一个房间里。空出应引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是Kate，代替先行词在从句作定语，表所属关系，应用关系代词whose引导。故填whose。 10. 考查定语从句。句意：他是一个人人都喜欢的可爱的学生。空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词是a lovely student，从句缺少主语，且先行词被such修饰，此时只能用关系代词as作引导词。故填as。 链接高考（测试时间：15分钟） 单句语法填空 1. (2025新课标Ⅱ卷)The shape creates a perfect market __________ goods could be shipped and received using the river as a highway. 【答案】where 【详解】考查定语从句关系词用法。空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词market，先行词指物，关系词在定语从句中作地点状语，用关系代词where引导从句。故填where。 2. (2025新课标Ⅱ卷)And in the process, I’ve experienced things _________ really surprise me at times. 【答案】that/which 【详解】考查定语从句关系代词用法。空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词things，先行词指物，关系词在定语从句中作主语，用关系代词which或that引导从句。故填which/that。 3. (2025北京卷)These core features are built in with our memories to create a personal story through _______ we understand our lives. 【答案】which 【详解】考查定语从句关系代词用法。空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词story，先行词指物，关系词在定语从句中作宾语，用关系代词which引导从句。故填which/。 4.(2024新课标I卷)The Glasshouse stands as a great achievement in contemporary design, to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing (追溯) the steps along the Silk Route ________ brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the richness of gardening in England. 【答案】 which/that 【详解】考查定语从句关系代词用法。句意：Mark Woodruff补充说：“这是当代设计的最高成就，在丝绸之路的尽头，中国亚热带西南部的植物群从温带的欧洲穿过山脉、干旱的土地和高山牧场，这些植物从亚洲的原生栖息地带到英国，定义了英国园艺的丰富和荣耀。”空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词design，先行词指物，关系词在定语从句中作主语，用关系代词which或that引导从句。故填which/that。 5.(2024浙江1月卷)Of course, shops are not charities — they price goods in the way ________ will make them the most money. 【答案】that/which。 【详解】考查定语从句关系代词用法。句意：当然，商店不是慈善机构——他们以最赚钱的方式给商品定价。在定语从句中缺少主语，且先行词为way，所以应用关系代词that或which。故填that/which。 6.(2023全国乙卷)But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place ________ welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life, with 21st-century architectural wonders standing side by side with historical buildings of the past. 【答案】which/that 【详解】考查定语从句关系代词用法。句意：但是，除了古建筑，北京也是一个欢迎现代生活快节奏发展的地方，21世纪的建筑奇迹与过去的历史建筑并存。这里为定语从句的关系代词，先行词为“a place”，在定语从句中担当主语，所以用关系代词which或that引导。故填which/that。 7.(2023上海春考)Young Enterprise primarily meets the needs of young people ________ are still at school, giving them an understanding of industry and the opportunities it may offer them in the future. 【答案】who/that 【解析】考查定语从句。这里使用关系代词作为介绍young people的定语从句，修饰"young people"，指代"young people"，做主语，指人，可以使用"who/that"。 8.(2022新课标I卷)The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species ________ live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area. 【答案】that 【详解】考查定语从句关系代词用法。句意：该计划旨在为生活在Giant Panda Range的所有物种提供更有力的保护，并显著改善该地区的生态系统健康。设空处为关系词引导限制性定语从句，先行词等于关系词，设空处在从句中作指物的主语，先行词为species，且先行词前为all修饰，只能用关系代词that。故填that。 9.(2021新课标II卷)I decided that if I learned of a company ________ used a lot of plastic, I'd send it an email urging it to cut back. 【答案】which或that 【详解】考查定语从句关系代词用法。句意：我决定，如果我知道有哪家公司大量使用塑料，我就给它发邮件，敦促它减少使用塑料。分析句子结构，_________ used a lot of plastic是一个定语从句，修饰先行词a company，关系词在从句中作主语，指物，用which或that引导该从句，所以填which或that。 10.(2021北京卷)When you sleep, your brain sorts through everything ________ happened during the day, trying to link new experiences to old memories. 【答案】 that 【详解】考查定语从句关系代词用法。句意：当你睡觉时，你的大脑会整理白天发生的一切，试图将新经历与旧记忆联系起来。分析句子结构可知，空处需用连接词引导定语从句，先行词是不定代词everything，关系词在定语从句中作主语，所以此处需用关系代词that引导定语从句。故填that。 11. (2021浙江1月卷)BMI is an internationally recognized measurement tool ________ gives an indication of whether someone is a healthy weight. 【答案】that/which 【详解】考查定语从句关系代词用法。根据句意和句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，并在定语从句中作主语，而先行词tool为物，故此处要填关系代词that或which。 British Museum，关系词在从句中做主语，应使用关系代词which/that引导。故填which/that。 12..(2023全国乙卷)The color she chose came in a box which had a picture of a woman ________ hair color looked just perfect. 【答案】whose。 【详解】考查定语从句关系代词用法。句意：她选的颜色装在一个盒子里，盒子里有一张女人的照片，她的头发颜色看起来非常完美。此处是限定性定语从句，先行词是woman，关系词在从句中作hair的定语，应用关系代词whose引导。故填whose。 13.(2022浙江1月卷)Kim Cobb, a professor at the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta, is one of a small but growing minority of academics ________ are cutting back on their air travel because of climate change. 【答案】that/who 【详解】考查定语从句关系代词用法。句意：亚特兰大佐治亚科技研究院的教授Kim Cobb是一个少数但是不断增加的少数学者中的一员，因为气候变化，他们正在削减他们的飞机旅行。名词academics后为定语从句且在从句中作主语，应使用关系代词替代，故填that/who。 17 / 21 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题02 限制性定语从句（期末复习讲义） 年份 卷别 考点 考情分析 2024 新高考I卷 限制性定语从句that/which 【考向透视】 1.聚焦关系词运用：重点考查关系代词(如that、which、who、whom、whose )和关系副词(where、when、why)的选择，依据先行词特性及在从句中充当的成分来判断 。 2.重视特殊结构：“介词+关系代词”结构，以及“介词+关系代词”中如何选介词。 3.结合语境考查：将定语从句融入语篇，如语法填空、短文改错，需结合上下文判断引导词，对学生的语境理解和语法运用能力要求更高。 4.与其他语法综合：常与强调句、名词性从句、状语从句结合考查，学生需准确区分不同从句类型和引导词的用法。 【复习目标】 1.掌握核心语法：牢记关系词的基本用法、适用情形，能精准判断先行词，明确其在从句中的语法功能。 2.突破难点易错点：攻克“介词+关系代词”结构、定语从句和状语从句,名词性从句的辨析。 3.提升语境运用能力：在不同语境中快速分析句子结构，准确填写定语从句引导词，提高语法填空的准确率。 4.写作运用：在书面表达中，灵活、准确运用定语从句，丰富句式，提升作文的语言质量。 1月浙江卷 限制性定语从句that/which 2023 全国乙卷 限制性定语从句which/that 2022 新高考I卷 限制性定语从句that ( 限制性定语从句 ) 知识点01 关系代词的用法 关系代词 先行词 在从句中的作用 who 人 主语、宾语 whom 人 宾语 which 物 主语、宾语 that 人或物 主语、宾语、表语 whose 人或物 定语 as 人或物 主语、宾语 1.who 指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。 That is the teacher who teaches us physics. 那就是教我们物理的老师。 2.whom 指人，在定语从句中做宾语，常可省略，在口语或非正式文体中常可用who 来代替。 Li Ming is just the boy (whom) I want to see. 李明正是我想要见的男孩。 3.which 指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语，做宾语时常可省略。 Football is a game which is liked by most boys. 足球是大多数男孩所喜欢的运动。 This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday. 这是他昨天买的钢笔。 4.that 指人时，相当于who 或whom；指物时，相当于which.。在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时常可省略。 He is the man that/who lives next door. 他就是住在隔壁的那个人。 Where is the man (that/whom) I saw this morning? 我今天早上看到的那个人在哪儿？ I don’t like stories that/which have unhappy endings. 我不喜欢结尾悲伤的故事。 The dress (that/which) Ann bought doesn’t fit her very well. 安买的衣服不太合身。 5.whose 指人、物皆可，与后面的名词有所属关系，在定语从句中做定语。 He has a friend whose father is a doctor. 他有一个爸爸当医生的朋友。 I once lived in the house whose roof has fallen in. 我曾经住在那幢屋顶已经倒塌了的房子里。 注意：指物时，常用以下结构来代替： The house whose windows are broken is empty. =The house the windows of which are broken is empty. =The house of which the windows are broken is empty. 注意：whose+n.=the+n.+of which=of which+the+n. 6.as 当先行词受so, such, the same 修饰时使用。 如： I’ve never heard such stories as he tells. 我从未听过像他讲的这样的故事。 He is not such a fool as he looks. 他可不像他看上去的那样傻。 This is the same dictionary as I lost last week. 这部词典跟我上星期丢失的一样。 注意：当先行词受the same 修饰时，偶尔也用 that引导定语从句，但与as引导的定语从句意思有区别。 如： She wore the same dress that she wore at Mary’s wedding. 她穿着她在玛丽婚礼上穿过的同一条连衣裙。 She wore the same dress as her younger sister wore. 她穿着跟她妹妹所穿的一样的连衣裙。 因此，the same...as... 指同一类或相似的事物 the same...that... 指同一个事物 【即时检测】 用关系代词合并为定语从句. 1．The city is very beautiful. I visited the city last summer. 2．The black pen writes well. I like the black pen very much. 3．The cute girl has long hair. The cute girl is my classmate. 4．The book is very interesting. I bought the book yesterday. 5．The little boy is playing football. The little boy is my brother. 6．The novelist will attend the literary festival next month. The novelist’s latest book explores themes of peace and freedom. 7．The doctor can treat rare diseases. The doctor was awarded the National Medical Prize last year. 8．This restaurant has an inviting, homelike atmosphere. Many others are short of the atmosphere. 易｜错｜点｜拨 一. 限制性定语从句中只能用that 引导的情况 1.当先行词为all, much, little, something, everything, anything, nothing, none, few, the one等词时或者被这些词修饰的时候。 Everything that he said was true. 2.当先行词被the very(恰恰，正好), the only，any，few，little，no，all修饰时。 This is the very grammar book (that) I want to buy. The only thing that is constant is change. There was little that we could do to help her. 3.当先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时。 This is the best that has been used against pollution. This is the most interesting film that I've ever seen. 4.当先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰时。 The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben. What is the first American film that you have seen? 5.当主句的主语是疑问词who或which时。(避免引导词的重复出现) Who that has common sense will believe such nonsense? Which is the T-shirt that fits me most? 6.当先行词既有人又有物时。 Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about? 7.先行词在定语从句中做表语，而关系代词在从句中也做表语时。 She is no longer the sweet girl (that) she used to be. He is not the man (that) he seems. 二. 限制性定语从句只用which的情况 1.引导限定性定语从句(不用逗号分隔),先行词指物，对句子意思的表达起着关键作用。 You should select the option which best suits your requirements. 你要挑选最符合你需求的选项。 2.用于“介词 + which”结构，这种结构较为正式，常见于书面语中。 The city in which I was born is located in the southern part of the country.我出生的城市位于这个国家的南部。 3.先行词本身是that, 宜用which What’s that which she is looking at? 三. 限制性定语从句只用who的情况 在定语从句中who和that指代人时常可以通用，但在下列情况中只能用who，而不能用that。 1.先行词是one, ones和anyone时，宜用who。 One who has nothing to fear for oneself dares to tell the truth. The ones who flatter me don’t please me. Anyone who fails to finish the task given should be criticized. 2.先行词是those时，宜用who。 No words are strong enough to express our thanks to those who worked hard to rescue survivors in the earthquake. 3.当先行词有较长的后置定语时，宜用who。 I met a girl in the street yesterday who grew up in western Yunnan province. 4.一个句子带有两个定语从句时，其中一个定语从句的关系代词是that, 另一个宜用who。 The boy that you met last night is the group leader who studies very hard. 知识点02 关系副词的用法 关系副词 先行词 在从句中的作用 when 时间名词 时间状语 where 地点名词 地点状语 why 原因名词 原因状语 1.when 指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。 I still remember the day when I first came to this school. 我仍然记得我第一次来到这所学校的那一天。 October 1, 1949 was the day when the People’s Republic of China was founded. 1949年10月1日是中华人民共和国成立的日子。 2.where 指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。 注意先行词还可以是抽象的地点名词，如：case, point, situation, circumstance, activity… Shanghai is the city where I was born. 上海是我出生的城市。 I visited the farm where a lot of cows were raised. 我参观了那个饲养了许多奶牛的农场。 He’s got himself into a dangerous situation where he is likely to lose control over the plane. 3.why 指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语。 Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane. 请告诉我你误机的原因。 The reason why he was punished is unknown to us. 他受惩罚的原因我们都不知道。 注意：关系副词引导的定语从句经常可以用“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句来表示。如： I’ll never forget the day when/on which I first met you. 我永远不会忘记第一次见你的那天。 Great changes are taking place in the city where/in which they live. 他们生活的城市正发生巨大的变化。 The reason why/for which he refused the invitation is quite clear. 他为什么拒绝接受邀请的原因是十分明了的。 【即时检测】 用关系副词合并为定语从句. 1．She is always kind and helpful. That is why everyone likes her.（用The reason why...is that..改写） 2．The park is crowded today. We often take a walk in the park. 3．The big house looks beautiful. Tom lives in the big house. 4．The film brought the hours back to me. I was taken good care of in that small village during the hours. 5．Many countries are now setting up national parks. Animals and plants can be protected in the national parks. 6．He went to a big city. Many of his friends work in the city. → 7．Earlier risers are less likely to get depressed. The reason seems to be linked to getting more light exposure during the day. 8．Mary left a note under the mailbox. She and her friend used to exchange small gifts there when they were children. 解｜题｜技｜巧 1.定语从句是形容词性的，它用来修饰名词或代词； 2.掌握定语从句的分类(限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句)和引导词的特点(关系代词作成分、关系副词只能充当状语)及引导词的使用限定； 3.在选择引导词时，遵循三字原则(断：断句，划分好主句和从句；找：找准先行词；放：将引导词放入从句中，同时要看好从句是否缺少成分，再选择引导词的类别 知识点03 “介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句 1. “介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句时，介词的宾语只能用which或whom，且不能省略。 Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon which school education depends. 一些专家认为阅读是学校教育所依赖的基本技能。 Wu Dong, with whom I went to the concert, enjoyed it very much. 和我一起去听音乐会的吴东，非常喜欢这次音乐会。 注：在这种结构中，介词与先行词组成短语，在从句中充当句子成分，因此介词的选用时受到一定限制的，仍然根据先行词与介词的搭配关系而定。 2. “不定代词/数词/形容词比较级或最高级＋of which/whom”引导的定语从句，表示部分与整体关系。如：some, any, none, all, both, neither, many, most, each, few等代词或者数词或分数，百分比加上of which或of whom来修饰或限定先行词。 He loves his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him. In the basket there are quite many apples, some of which have gone bad. Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears，none of which has been proved. 科学家们提出了很多关于人类为什么哭泣时流泪的理论，这些理论尚未得到证实。 Many young people，most of whom were well­educated，headed for remote regions to chase their dreams. 很多年轻人都去了偏远地区追求自己的梦想，他们中大部分都受过良好的教育。 3. 在定语从句中，whose修饰物时可以换为“the＋名词＋of which”；修饰人时，可以换为“the＋名词＋of whom”。 The newly­built café, whose walls (＝the walls of which) are painted light green，is really a peaceful place for us，especially after hard work. 这家新建成的咖啡馆，墙被刷成了浅绿色，对我们来说，真是一个安静的地方，特别是在辛苦工作后。 I live next door to a couple whose children (＝the children of whom) often make a lot of noise. 我住在一对夫妻的隔壁，他们的孩子经常制造噪音。 【即时检测】 用介词+关系代词合并为定语从句. 1．In the past three years I have taken part in many activities. I performed well and gained rich experience in those activities. 2．The ancient town has a unique atmosphere. In the atmosphere, people can experience the traditional culture deeply. 3．We explored a historical museum. We learned about ancient objects and Chinese dynasties there. 4．I will never forget those days.I was brought up in the countryside then. 5．The child is going through a difficult phase. More care and guidance are needed in this phase. 6．The colorless gas is called oxygen. We can’t live without the gas. 7．The wonderful days will be forever treasured. We studied together in the days. 8．Water is the natural medium. The fish live in it. 易｜错｜点｜拨 1.含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开，介词仍放在短语动词的后面。如：look for, look after, take care of 等。 This is the watch (which/that) I am looking for. (正) This is the watch for which I am looking. (误) 2.介词后的关系代词不可用that和who，若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时只可用whom，指物时只可用which；关系代词是所有格时用whose。 The man with whom you talked just now is my neighbour. (正) The man with that/who you talked just now is my neighbour. (误) 基础通关（测试时间：10分钟） 一、单项选择 1．The second book ________ I want to read was written by Luxun. A．that B．which C．what D．as 2．The teacher was satisfied with all the homework ________ had been finished by us. A．whose B．who C．what D．that 3．The man ________ you talked to just now is a worker. A．who B．whose C．whom D．which 4．The talk between the two countries on joint space exploration, ________ is reported in today’s Science Journal, is making groundbreaking progress ________ could redefine our understanding of Mars. A．as; what B．which; what C．as; that D．which; which 5．There is a taxi in the bus station ________we can hire to explore the island with ease and great joy daily. A．where B．when C．which D．why 6．The students were so involved in discussing such complex math problems ________ they couldn’t figure out at all ________ they didn’t notice their English teacher was approaching. A．as; when B．as; that C．that; while D．that; that 7．The thieves, ________ were dressed as construction workers, scaled the ladder and cut through a window in the Apollo Gallery, just a few rooms away from the exhibition hall ________ the “Mona Lisa” is displayed. A．two of whom; which B．two of them; which C．two of them; where D．of whom two; where 8．The reason ________ he gave me for not submitting his homework was ________ he had left it in his dorm. A．why; because B．why; that C．that; because D．that; that 9．I take out a banana ________ is from Brazil. The banana came here by boat, the carbon footprint of ________ is small. A．that, which B．where, that C．which, it D．what, which 10．— Have you ever been to Xi’an? — No, but that’s the city ________. A．where I most like to visit B．I’d most like to visit it C．which I like to visit most D．where I’d like most to visit 重难突破（测试时间：10分钟） 一、语法填空 1．She is the only person can successfully solve this tough problem. 2．Can you see the mountain top is covered with snow? 3．While living in Saudi Arabia, I had opportunities to travel to a few countries I had unique experiences. 4．The professor talked about the famous writers and novels have far-reaching effects on modern American literature. 5．The reason I had a fight with Kim was that she cheated! 6．She is one of those women always make the worst of their troubles. 7．She described in her diary the people and the places impressed her most. 8．The new CRH train between Beijing and Shanghai speed can reach about 380 km/h will benefit people a lot. 9．I will stamp my golden stay in Paris on my heart I led a happy and fruitful life. 10．Every artist’s dream is to create something expresses an idea. 易混易错（测试时间：10分钟） 一、用关系代词that或which填空 1. An exhibition at the Jiushi Art Museum in Shanghai is featuring artwork inspired by Go, or weiqi in Chinese, ________ originated in China more than 4,000 years ago. 2. Tanya is also looking beyond special-occasion dresses to less formal clothing, ________ she plans to package as capsule wardrobes and offer to travellers, such as those headed to weddings abroad, with a longer-term rental period. 3. Of course, shops are not charities-they price goods in the way ________ will make them the most money. 4. He called it a pollutant ________ threatens nocturnal animals and affects plants and microorganisms. 5. But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place ________ welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life, with 21st-century architectural wonders standing side by side with historical buildings of the past. 二.用关系代词who，whom，that，whose或as填空 6. Now I have become a senior high school student and this means I have an opportunity to become a different person ________ can be better prepared for my future life. 7. So the very thing ________ once saved us may now be killing us. 8. Chinese cultural elements commemorating (纪念) Tang Xianzu, ________ is known as “the Shakespeare of Asia,” add an international character to Stratford-upon-Avon, William Shakespeare’s hometown. 9. Kate, ________ sister I shared a room with when we were at college, has gone to work in Australia. 10. He is such a lovely student ________ everyone likes. 链接高考（测试时间：15分钟） 单句语法填空 1. (2025新课标Ⅱ卷)The shape creates a perfect market __________ goods could be shipped and received using the river as a highway. 2. (2025新课标Ⅱ卷)And in the process, I’ve experienced things _________ really surprise me at times. 3. (2025北京卷)These core features are built in with our memories to create a personal story through _______ we understand our lives. 4.(2024新课标I卷)The Glasshouse stands as a great achievement in contemporary design, to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing (追溯) the steps along the Silk Route ________ brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the richness of gardening in England. 5.(2024浙江1月卷)Of course, shops are not charities — they price goods in the way ________ will make them the most money. 6.(2023全国乙卷)But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place ________ welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life, with 21st-century architectural wonders standing side by side with historical buildings of the past. 7.(2023上海春考)Young Enterprise primarily meets the needs of young people ________ are still at school, giving them an understanding of industry and the opportunities it may offer them in the future. 8.(2022新课标I卷)The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species ________ live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area. 9.(2021新课标II卷)I decided that if I learned of a company ________ used a lot of plastic, I'd send it an email urging it to cut back. 10.(2021北京卷)When you sleep, your brain sorts through everything ________ happened during the day, trying to link new experiences to old memories. 11. (2021浙江1月卷)BMI is an internationally recognized measurement tool ________ gives an indication of whether someone is a healthy weight. 12..(2023全国乙卷)The color she chose came in a box which had a picture of a woman ________ hair color looked just perfect. 13.(2022浙江1月卷)Kim Cobb, a professor at the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta, is one of a small but growing minority of academics ________ are cutting back on their air travel because of climate change. 7 / 11 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $