专题01 句子成分与句子结构；简单句，并列句和主从复合句（期末复习讲义）高一英语上学期译林版

该高中英语期末复习讲义以考情分析为导向，通过表格梳理2023-2025年高考各卷别考点分布，明确句子成分、基本结构及句式类型的考查重点。采用分点框架结合典型例句的方式，系统呈现主语、谓语等7种句子成分和8种基本句型，清晰展现知识内在逻辑与重难点分布。 讲义亮点在于分层练习设计与思维品质培养，如即时检测通过句子成分选择题夯实基础，链接高考模块融入语法填空真题实例，引导学生运用“先找主干再析修饰”的长难句分析法提升语言理解能力。易错点拨针对形式主语、存现句等难点，配合“判断复合宾语与双宾语”等解题技巧，助力不同层次学生突破薄弱点，也为教师实施精准复习提供清晰路径。

专题01 句子成分与句子结构; 简单句,并列句和主从复合句（期末复习讲义） 年份 卷别 考点 考情分析 2025 北京卷 名词性从句；定语从句 【考向透视】 分析近年高考真题可知，高考对句子种类考查全面。在听力中对句子功用考查居多。在阅读理解、七选五和完形填空中，熟练掌握句子结构和种类是迅速读懂文章的基本保证。长难句中对并列句和复合句的综合考查也呈上升趋势。语法填空中对并列句和复合句的考查几乎每年都会涉及到。写作中读懂原文，熟练写出符合逻辑且结构正确的句子也是得得分的必备保障。 【复习目标】 1. 掌握句子成分、句子的基本结构和类型。 2.熟练运用表示不同逻辑关系的并列连词。 3..强化在复杂语境中理解长难句的能力。 新高考I卷 定语从句；and 新高考II卷 定语从句 浙江卷 定语从句 2024 新高考II卷 and ；定语从句 新高考I卷 名词性从句 浙江卷 名词性从句；定语从句 全国甲卷 定语从句 2023 新高考I卷 or 新高考II卷 and;名词性从句 浙江卷 名词性从句 全国乙卷 and; but；定语从句 句子成分01 主语(subject) 句子的描述对象即为句子的主语。主语通常位于句子前面(部分)，常由名词、代词、动名词、不定式及从句充当。 Failure is the mother of success. 失败乃成功之母。 He will take you to the hospital. 他会带你去医院。 Smoking is not allowed in public places. 公共场所不允许吸烟。 Whether or not they will come depends on the weather. 他们来不来取决于天气。 句子成分02 谓语(verb) 谓语，对主语进行描述，通常位于句子后面(部分)，谓语部分的核心词必须由动词充当，必须体现为某一时态形式。 Action speaks louder than words. 行动胜于言语。 He will come next week. 他下星期来。 Mary has been working at the dress shop since 1994. 玛丽自1994年以来一直在那家服装店工作。 句子成分03宾语(object) 宾语表示动作的对象，是动作的承受者。故宾语一般放在及物动词之后。另外，介词后也会跟宾语。宾语通常由名词、代词、动名词、不定式及从句等充当。 Do you mind opening the window? 你介意打开窗户吗？ He wants to dream a nice dream. 他想做个好梦。 We need to know what others are doing. 我们需要知道其他人在做什么。 句子成分04表语(predicative) 表语在系动词之后，是用来说明主语的。表语通常由形容词、名词、代词、介词短语、不定式、分词(短语)及从句等充当。 Everything here is expensive. 这里的一切东西都很贵。 The match became very exciting. 比赛变得非常激烈。 This map may be of great help. 这张地图可能有很大帮助。 His plan is to seek work in the city. 他的计划是到城里找工作。 My first idea was that you should hide your feelings. 我的第一个想法是你应该隐藏你的感情。 句子成分05定语(attributive) 定语是用来修饰名词、代词的，常译为“……的”。单个词汇作定语时通常放在它所修饰的名词之前，故称之为前置定语；短语和从句作定语时则放在它所修饰的名词之后，故称之为后置定语。定语通常由形容词、名词、代词、介词短语、不定式、分词(短语)及从句等充当。 They are women workers. 她们是女工。 Mary is a beautiful girl. 玛丽是一个漂亮的女孩。 China is a developing country. 中国是一个发展中国家。 I have nothing to eat. 我没有东西吃。 Those who want to go to Tibet are to sign their names here. 想去西藏的人在这里签名。 句子成分06补语(complement) 补语分为主语补语和宾语补语，用来补充说明主语或宾语的特征或情况。通常由形容词、名词、不定式、分词及介词短语充当。 He is made chairman of the club. 他被任命为俱乐部主席。 They elected me captain of the team. 他们选我当队长。 We try to make our country strong. 我们努力使我们的国家强大。 We found everything in good order. 我们发现一切都井井有条。 I should advise you to get the chance. 我劝你争取这个机会。 I saw him go upstairs. 我看见他上楼去了。 句子成分07状语(adverbial) 状语表示谓语行为的地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、伴随情况等。通常由副词、介词短语、分词短语、不定式、状语从句等充当。 I left the village five years ago. 我五年前离开了这个村庄。 I arrived late because of the traffic jam. 因为交通堵塞，我迟到了。 We'll have to get up early to catch the train. 我们得早起去赶火车。 The students came into the classroom, singing and dancing. 学生们边唱歌边跳舞，走进了教室。 Though he is a child, he knows a lot. 虽然他是个孩子，但他懂得很多。 【即时检测】 请从方框内的选项中选出下列句子划线部分的句子成分，选项可以重复使用。 A．主语     B．谓语     C． 宾语     D．表语     E. 定语     F. 状语     G. 补语 1．I told them to stop, but they wouldn’t. 2．As a result, all flights were cancelled. 3．He always wonders how space stations work. 4．The space pen worked in space, under water, even on ice. 5．Watching films and listening to songs are great ways to learn English. 易｜错｜点｜拨 1. 形式主语和形式宾语 形式主语(形式上的主语)和真正主语(真正的主语)常用作形式主语的是代词it。当主语过长时，可以先用代词it作为形式上的主语，而把真正的主语放在句子尾部，避免句子“头重脚轻”，影响平衡美感。 形式宾语 不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)、名词性从句作宾语，常用it作形式宾语，则把真正的宾语放在句后。 It is no good for oneself pretending to work hard in front of others. Some students find it difficult to study English. 2.形容词作状语 形容词作状语一般位于句首或者句末, 用来表示主语或宾语的特征或状态。 The tourists came back, safe and sound. 游客们安然无恙地回来了。 3.同位语 若两个语法单位指同一个人或事物, 并且语法功能也一样, 那么后一项称为前一项的同位语。 I’m Li Hua, chairman of the Students’ Union. 我是李华, 学生会主席。(名词) I have the confidence that you’ll have a joyful day. 我有信心你会度过快乐的一天。(同位语从句) ( 句子结构 ) 结构01 主谓: 主语＋谓语(SV)（谓语动词为不及物动词，不能接宾语，但能表达完整的意义） The door closed.门关了。 The sun was shining. 太阳在照耀着。 The animal disappeared. 动物消失了。 结构02主谓宾: 主语＋谓语＋宾语(SVO)（谓语动词为及物动词或相当于及物动词的短语动词，它必须跟一个宾语） We teach English. 我们教英语。 Who knows the man? 谁知道这个人？ 结构03 主系表: 主语＋连系动词＋表语(SVP)（谓语动词是系动词） This is an English Chinese dictionary. 这是本英汉辞典。 The flower smells sweet. 这朵花闻起来很香。 Her face turned red. 她的脸红了。 终止类系动词:: prove; turn out ; 变化类动词：become/ grow/ run/ get/ fail 结构04 主谓宾宾: 主语＋谓语＋间接宾语＋直接宾语(SVOO)（谓语动词带两个宾语(双宾语)，前一个为间接宾语(通常指人)，后一个为直接宾语(通常指物)）（句子结构可以是: “主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾”或“主＋谓＋直宾＋to/for＋间宾”。） Mr. Smith lent me his car.＝Mr. Smith lent his car to me.史密斯先生把他的车借给了我。 Mr. Smith gave me some advice and lent me an English dictionary.＝Mr. Smith gave some advice to me and lent an English dictionary to me.史密斯先生给了我一些建议并且借了本英文词典给我。 结构05 主谓宾补: 主语＋谓语＋宾语＋宾语补语(SVOC)（谓语动词是可以带复合宾语的及物动词） The news made us surprised. 这消息使我们很吃惊。 We saw him out. 我们看见他出去了。 He asked me to come back soon. 他要我早点回来。 What makes him think so? 他怎么会这样想？ I saw them getting on the bus. 我看见他们上了那辆公共汽车。 结构06 主谓状: 主语＋谓语＋状语(SVA)（谓语动词也为不及物动词，但其后必须带有状语，否则结构不全，意义不完整。） They lived in Beijing. 他们住在北京。 The girl disappeared in the distance. 女孩在远处消失了。 结构07 主谓宾状: 主语＋谓语＋宾语＋状语(SVOA)（谓语动词是及物动词，其后不但必须有宾语，而且宾语之后必须带状语）。 She covered her face with her hands. 她用手蒙住了脸。 She put all the books on the desk.她把所有的书都放在桌上了。 结构08 存现句: 引导词there引导的句子（there为引导词，无词义；be为谓语动词，根据情况可以有单复数的变化，也可以有不同的时态变化。there be后面的名词为句子主语。） [名师点津]there在该结构中是个引导词，本身无词义。动词be是谓语，有时态变化，也可与情态动词连用。动词be要和后面的就近的主语在单复数方面保持一致。 There is a small pool at the foot of the mountain. 山脚下有一个小池塘。 There lived a temple on the hill. 在山上有座庙宇。 【即时检测】 请从方框内的选项中选出下列句子的基本句型，选项可以重复使用。 A．S+V     B．S+V+O     C． S+V+P    D．S+V+IO+DO     E. S+V+O+OC     F. There be . . . 1．The tiger lives in Asia. 2．Vienna is the capital city of Austria. 3．A friendly waiter taught me a few words of Italian. 4．This course can help you develop your speaking skills. 5．The prince started a three- day visit to India last Thursday. 易｜错｜点｜拨 1. there 的存现句 there在该结构中是个引导词，本身无词义。动词be是谓语，有时态变化，也可与情态动词连用。动词be要和后面的就近的主语在单复数方面保持一致。 2. 在语法填空中主谓一致的考查种：注意主语和谓语的单复数匹配。非谓语动词考查种：根据句子结构判断动词形式(如-ed/-ing)。 3. 阅读理解中，长难句分析：先读主干，再处理分隔部分(如定语从句)。注意逻辑关系：关注转折、因果等连接词，理解段落结构(总分/对比) 解｜题｜技｜巧 1. 如何判断复合宾语还是双宾语 可用下面方法来判断一个及物动词所带的是双宾语还是复合宾语: 如果宾语与其后的成分之间存在着逻辑上的主谓或主表关系，则该动词接的是复合宾语，否则就是双宾语。 2. 句子成分划分 第一步，找主语：先通读句子，找出句子所要描述的对象，通常是句首的名词、代词、动名词、不定式或从句等。 第二步，找谓语：在主语之后，寻找能表达主语动作、状态或特征的动词或动词短语，注意区分谓语动词和非谓语动词(不定式、分词、动名词)，谓语动词会有时态、语态和人称变化。 第三步，判断是否有宾语：若谓语动词是及物动词，后面通常会接宾语，找出动作的承受者；若谓语动词是不及物动词，则无宾语。 第四步，判断是否有表语：若谓语动词是系动词，后面接的成分就是表语，用于说明主语的性质、状态等。 第五步，寻找定语和状语：定语修饰名词或代词，前置定语在被修饰词前，后置定语在被修饰词后；状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，根据其表达的意义(时间、地点、原因、方式等)判断。 第六步，判断是否有宾语补足语和同位语：若宾语后面的成分补充说明宾语的性质、状态或动作，且与宾语存在逻辑主谓关系，则为宾语补足语；若某个成分与前面的名词或代词所指内容相同，用于解释说明，则为同位语。 ( 简单句，并列句和主从复合句 ) 句型01 并列句 1. 联合关系 由并列连词and或not only...but also...连接的两个分句。 I turned on the TV and we sat down and watched it. 我开了电视机后，我们就坐下来看电视节目。 It not only gave us a chance to get close to nature, but also gave us relaxation from our study.它不仅给了我们接近大自然的机会，而且能让我们在学习之余得到放松。 2. 转折关系 多用连词but，yet，while等连接两个分句。 It rained heavily, but I still went to school.虽然天下着雨，但是我还是去上学了。 Good habits always lead to high efficiency, while bad ones lead to the opposite.好的习惯经常使得效率增高，而不好的习惯效果恰恰相反。 3. 选择关系 主要由连词or (或者；否则)，either...or...(要么……要么……)，not...but...(不是……而是……)等连词连接。 You may go with us, or you may stay at home.你既可以跟我们一起去也可以待在家里。 4. 因果关系 多用连词so或for连接。 He told me to do it, so I did it.他让我这样做，于是我就这样做了。 5. 时间关系 由并列连词when连接两个分句，表示“就在这时突然……”。 Last Monday，I was walking in the street when I suddenly saw an old man fall off his bicycle.上周一，我正在街上散步，这时突然看到一位老人从自行车上摔了下来。 [名师点津] (1)“祈使句+and/or (otherwise)+简单句”也是并列句的一种，or在此意为“否则”。 Give me one more minute or I won't be able to finish it. 再多给我一分钟，否则我不能完成它。 (2)并列句有时也可不用并列连词连接，而用分号(；)连接。 The future is bright; the road is tortuous.前途是光明的，道路是曲折的。 (3)so和because不能连用。 The manager was ill so I went to the press conference in his place. 经理病了，所以我代他去参加新闻发布会。 句型02 主从复合句 1. 名词性从句(相当于名词，可作句子的主语、表语、宾语和同位语) When the plane is to take off has not been announced.(主语从句) 飞机何时起飞尚未宣布。 That is why he did not come to school yesterday.(表语从句) 那就是昨天他没来上学的原因。 He said that some teenagers didn’t work hard.(宾语从句) 他说有些青少年不努力学习。 We heard the news that our team had won.(同位语从句) 我们听到了我们球队获胜的消息。 2. 定语从句(相当于一个形容词，用来修饰一个名词或代词，在主句中作定语) The man who was full of anger was Mike’s father. 那个非常生气的人是迈克的父亲。 I won’t forget the day when I had an argument with him. 我忘不了和他吵架的那一天。 3. 状语从句(相当于副词，修饰谓语动词，或整个主句。根据表达的意思分为：时间、地点、条件、原因、目的、结果、方式、让步等) When I saw him，I found him under great stress. 我看见他时，觉得他压力很大。 I will meet my friend where I met my teacher last time. 我会在上次遇到我老师的地方见我的朋友。 If you want to keep peace，you’d better be patient. 如果你想保持和平，你最好耐心一些。 He was punished because he was late. 他受到了惩罚，因为他迟到了。 Let’s get up early so that we can catch the early bus. 我们早点起床吧，以便我们能赶上早班车。 He made so inspiring a speech that everyone got excited. 他发表了如此鼓舞人心的演讲，以至于大家都很激动。 Please do as you are told. 请按照你被告知的去做。 Although/Though he tried his best，he still missed the target. 虽然他尽力了，但仍然没有打中目标。 [注意]　although/though不能和but连用，但可以和yet，still连用。 【即时检测】 判断句子结构——简单句、并列句和复合句 1．She was aged six when she first went to school.                                         2．I asked him to come with me and he agreed.                                              3．While there is life there is hope.                                                       4．I have never met Carl before, nor have I heard of him.                                      5．You weren’t at the meeting yesterday to hear what other people thought about this problem.     6．You can either write to me or call me in my office.                                      7．We must hurry, or we’ll be late for class.                                              8．A man familiar with the subject can quickly catch the main idea of the lecture.                  9．You can’t count on him for help: he is such a busy man.                                  10．Bill often sleeps late and has no time for breakfast.                                          基础通关（测试时间：10分钟） 一、单项选择 1．I have heard that this museum is known as a “Chinese treasure house”! 这个句子的基本句型是________. A．主语+谓语 B．主语+谓语+宾语 C．主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语 D．主语+谓语+主语+谓语 2．It is a great pleasure to talk with you.(该句所属句子基本类型) A．主谓 B．主谓宾 C．主系表 D．主谓双宾 3．To master a foreign language in three months is challenging. What sentence element is the underlined part? A．Subject. B．Adverbial. C．Verb. D．Complement. 4．The company considers it necessary to invest more money in research and development. What sentence element is the underlined part? A．Attributive. B．Adverbial. C．Complement. D．Predicative. 5．After the long hike, the climbers felt extremely tired and thirsty. What sentence element is the underlined part? A．Adverbial. B．Predicative. C．Object. D．Attributive. 6．Have you decided where we should go for our summer vacation? What sentence element is the underlined part? A．Adverbial. B．Complement. C．Attributive. D．Object. 7．The number of online shoppers in this area has increased by 30% this year. What sentence element is the underlined part? A．Attributive. B．Adverbial. C．Predicative. D．Complement. 8．The unexpected death of her father in the accident and the suffering________ caused affected the little girl greatly. A．that B．it C．what D．which 9．What is the sentence structure of “She found a wallet lying on the ground when she walked home.”? A．SVOC． B．SVP. C．SVOO. D．SVA． 10．What is the sentence structure of “The company offered the talented graduate a well-paid job immediately after graduation.”? A．SVO. B．SVOC． C．SVOA． D．SVOO. 11．Lose one hour in the morning and you will be looking for it for the rest of the day. A．简单句 B．并列复合句 C．主从复合句 12．She heard the exciting news. A．简单句 B．并列复合句 C．主从复合句 13．Scientists developed a new method based on this theory to solve the long-standing problem.判断句子类型 A．并列句 B．简单句 C．复合句 D．并列主从复合句 14．The farm which I visited last year is a nice place. A．简单句 B．并列复合句 C．主从复合句 15．What is the sentence structure of “Whether online education can fully replace traditional classroom teaching in the long run remains a controversial topic.”? A．SVO. B．SVP. C．SVA． D．SV. 二、请写出下列句子的句子基本类型以及划线部分的句子成分。 Sentence 1: In recent years, researchers from diverse fields have agreed that short-termism is now a significant problem in our society. Sentence 2: What is also very different is that students in the same class can have different class schedules. 1．Sentence 1的句子基本类型 2．Sentence 1中划线部分的句子成分 3．Sentence 2的句子基本类型 4．Sentence 2中划线部分的句子成分 重难突破（测试时间：10分钟） 一、用简单句的基本句型结构完成下列语篇 I went to school early 1 (今天早上). Classmates 2 (互相打招呼) warmly. 3 (有) seven lessons today. My deskmate sent me 4 (一份礼物). And I want to 5 (交朋友) him. The campus 6 (美丽的). I 7 (喜欢) my school. 二、阅读下面短文，分析并写出画线句子的基本句型 When 1 I first entered the senior high school, I was afraid that no one would make friends with me. 2 There were all strangers around me and I was afraid of speaking in front of my new teachers and classmates. What if I couldn’t do well in my studies? Would they laugh at me? 3 I became worried and 4 I thought a lot. Later, I realized that I should change my mind. So I set goals for myself and tried my best to realize them. Besides, 5 I took part in ex-curricular activities actively. Finally I got on well with my classmates and became confident. 6 I found my senior high school life really colourful. 易混易错（测试时间：10分钟） 阅读下面短文，然后写出画线部分属于哪种基本句型。 ① High school can be a difficult time. However, ② clubs and other activities can make it much easier. No matter how well you may fit in, joining clubs, sports, or other after-school activities will be good for you. Here is why. Firstly, ③ after-school activities will help you develop your time-management skills. Because you have to plan ahead of time when to finish homework, achieve extracurricular ( 课外的) activities goals, and organise your social life, etc. Secondly, ④ they can also teach you how to work with other people. As you gain more experience, ⑤ you can take on more duties and even an important role. Becoming a club leader is a great way to help you stand out when you apply for a college. ⑥ In short, taking part in activities counts. If you can’t find any club that attracts you, don’t worry. ⑦ You can start a new one! This will allow you to create something suitable for your interests, and a community of students who share the same interests. 1． 2． 3． 4． 5． 6． 7． 链接高考（测试时间：15分钟） 一. 写出下列句子的基本句型 S+V+A  S+V+O   S+V   S+V+IO+DO  S+V+O+C  There be…  S+P  S+V+O+A 1. (2025全国II卷)English market towns come in many shapes and sizes. ________ 2. (2025全国II卷) She loves the library because she loves books. ________ 3.(2022全国乙)Well, they wanted to do something useful. ________ 4.(2019全国III)This development did not take place overnight. ________ 5.(2019全国I)I was the queen of the playground. ________ 6.(2020浙江)Don had somehow made the vehicle move. ________ 7.(2019全国I)It gives us a great feeling of peace. ________ 8.(2021全国新高考I)My husband and I just spent a week in Paris. ________ 二、单句语法填空 1. (2025浙江1月卷) Customers today look past the fact that something is secondhand and focus instead on the fact that they have something unique to wear are not overstuffing their own wardrobes (衣柜) or contributing to landfill. 2.（2025全国一卷）An exhibition at the Jiushi Art Museum in Shanghai is featuring artwork inspired by Go, or weiqi in Chinese, originated in China more than 4,000 years ago. 3.（2025浙江1月卷）Tanya is also looking beyond special-occasion dresses to less formal clothing, __ she plans to package as capsule wardrobes and offer to travellers, such as those headed to weddings abroad, with a longer-term rental period. 4.（2025北京卷）However, according to a report by the World Wildlife Fund, tourists _ (leave) over 1.3 billion tons of food waste last year, __ accounted for about 8% of the total global gas release in 2024. 5.（2024新课标I卷）The Glasshouse stands as a great achievement in contemporary design, to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing (追溯) the steps along the Silk Route __ brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the richness of gardening in England. 6.（2023年天津6月卷）_________ you are old enough to make your own judgement, you should start to pursue your career. A．Even if B．As though C．Ever since D．Now that 7.（2023新课标II卷）It’s been an honor to watch the panda programme develop __ to see the pandas settle into their new home. 8.（2022新课标II卷）He hung on for a few minutes _________ screamed for his father, but his father didn't hear him. 9.（2022全国乙卷）The “First International Tea Day Tea Road Cooperative Initiative” issued (发布) at the ceremony calls for people working in the tea industry to come together to promote international cooperation _________ cultural exchanges. 10.（2021全国I卷）Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain, still it highlights the whole adventure _________offers a place where you can sit down to rest your aching legs. 三、语法填空 （注意分析空格处所充当的句子成分） （2021全国I卷） Going to Mount Huangshan reminds me of the popular Beatles’ song“The Long and Winding Road”.56is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes. The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we 1  (human) are. The hot spring at the foot of the mountain is something you must try after the climb. It will 2 (undoubted) help you get refreshed! The amazing thing about the spring is that the colder the temperature gets, the 3  (hot) the spring! Strange, isn’t it? But that’s how nature is — always leaving us 4 (astonish). What comes next is the endless series of steps. You can’t help wondering how hard it ___5____ (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place. Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain, still it highlights the whole adventure 6 offers a place where you can sit down to rest your7  (ache) legs. As the song goes, this long and winding road “will never disappear”, and it will always stick in the visitor’s memory. It sure does in 8 (I).While you’re in China, Mount Huangshan is 9  must to visit! 1 / 13 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题01 句子成分与句子结构; 简单句,并列句和主从复合句（期末复习讲义） 年份 卷别 考点 考情分析 2025 北京卷 名词性从句；定语从句 【考向透视】 分析近年高考真题可知，高考对句子种类考查全面。在听力中对句子功用考查居多。在阅读理解、七选五和完形填空中，熟练掌握句子结构和种类是迅速读懂文章的基本保证。长难句中对并列句和复合句的综合考查也呈上升趋势。语法填空中对并列句和复合句的考查几乎每年都会涉及到。写作中读懂原文，熟练写出符合逻辑且结构正确的句子也是得得分的必备保障。 【复习目标】 1. 掌握句子成分、句子的基本结构和类型。 2.熟练运用表示不同逻辑关系的并列连词。 3..强化在复杂语境中理解长难句的能力。 新高考I卷 定语从句；and 新高考II卷 定语从句 浙江卷 定语从句 2024 新高考II卷 and ；定语从句 新高考I卷 名词性从句 浙江卷 名词性从句；定语从句 全国甲卷 定语从句 2023 新高考I卷 or 新高考II卷 and;名词性从句 浙江卷 名词性从句 全国乙卷 and; but；定语从句 ( 句子成分 ) 句子成分01 主语(subject) 句子的描述对象即为句子的主语。主语通常位于句子前面(部分)，常由名词、代词、动名词、不定式及从句充当。 Failure is the mother of success. 失败乃成功之母。 He will take you to the hospital. 他会带你去医院。 Smoking is not allowed in public places. 公共场所不允许吸烟。 Whether or not they will come depends on the weather. 他们来不来取决于天气。 句子成分02 谓语(verb) 谓语，对主语进行描述，通常位于句子后面(部分)，谓语部分的核心词必须由动词充当，必须体现为某一时态形式。 Action speaks louder than words. 行动胜于言语。 He will come next week. 他下星期来。 Mary has been working at the dress shop since 1994. 玛丽自1994年以来一直在那家服装店工作。 句子成分03宾语(object) 宾语表示动作的对象，是动作的承受者。故宾语一般放在及物动词之后。另外，介词后也会跟宾语。宾语通常由名词、代词、动名词、不定式及从句等充当。 Do you mind opening the window? 你介意打开窗户吗？ He wants to dream a nice dream. 他想做个好梦。 We need to know what others are doing. 我们需要知道其他人在做什么。 句子成分04表语(predicative) 表语在系动词之后，是用来说明主语的。表语通常由形容词、名词、代词、介词短语、不定式、分词(短语)及从句等充当。 Everything here is expensive. 这里的一切东西都很贵。 The match became very exciting. 比赛变得非常激烈。 This map may be of great help. 这张地图可能有很大帮助。 His plan is to seek work in the city. 他的计划是到城里找工作。 My first idea was that you should hide your feelings. 我的第一个想法是你应该隐藏你的感情。 句子成分05定语(attributive) 定语是用来修饰名词、代词的，常译为“……的”。单个词汇作定语时通常放在它所修饰的名词之前，故称之为前置定语；短语和从句作定语时则放在它所修饰的名词之后，故称之为后置定语。定语通常由形容词、名词、代词、介词短语、不定式、分词(短语)及从句等充当。 They are women workers. 她们是女工。 Mary is a beautiful girl. 玛丽是一个漂亮的女孩。 China is a developing country. 中国是一个发展中国家。 I have nothing to eat. 我没有东西吃。 Those who want to go to Tibet are to sign their names here. 想去西藏的人在这里签名。 句子成分06补语(complement) 补语分为主语补语和宾语补语，用来补充说明主语或宾语的特征或情况。通常由形容词、名词、不定式、分词及介词短语充当。 He is made chairman of the club. 他被任命为俱乐部主席。 They elected me captain of the team. 他们选我当队长。 We try to make our country strong. 我们努力使我们的国家强大。 We found everything in good order. 我们发现一切都井井有条。 I should advise you to get the chance. 我劝你争取这个机会。 I saw him go upstairs. 我看见他上楼去了。 句子成分07状语(adverbial) 状语表示谓语行为的地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、伴随情况等。通常由副词、介词短语、分词短语、不定式、状语从句等充当。 I left the village five years ago. 我五年前离开了这个村庄。 I arrived late because of the traffic jam. 因为交通堵塞，我迟到了。 We'll have to get up early to catch the train. 我们得早起去赶火车。 The students came into the classroom, singing and dancing. 学生们边唱歌边跳舞，走进了教室。 Though he is a child, he knows a lot. 虽然他是个孩子，但他懂得很多。 【即时检测】 请从方框内的选项中选出下列句子划线部分的句子成分，选项可以重复使用。 A．主语     B．谓语     C． 宾语     D．表语     E. 定语     F. 状语     G. 补语 1．I told them to stop, but they wouldn’t. 2．As a result, all flights were cancelled. 3．He always wonders how space stations work. 4．The space pen worked in space, under water, even on ice. 5．Watching films and listening to songs are great ways to learn English. 【答案】1．G 2．B 3．C 4．F 5．A 【解析】1．考查句子成分分析。句意：我让他们停下来，但他们不肯。固定短语tell sb. to do sth.，动词不定式是补语，所以，这里的to stop是补语。故选G。 2．考查句子成分分析。句意：结果，所有航班都取消了。分析句子结构可知，all flights是主语，were cancelled是一般过去时的被动语态的谓语形式。故选B。 3．考查句子成分分析。句意：他总是想知道空间站是如何工作的。wonders是谓语动词，how space stations work是它的宾语从句。故选C。 4．考查句子成分分析。句意：太空笔可以在太空、水下甚至冰上工作。worked是不及物动词，所以介词短语in space, under water, even on ice是作状语。故选F。 5．考查句子成分分析。句意：看电影和听歌曲是学习英语的好方法。are是系动词，所以动名词短语Watching films and listening to songs是主语。故选A。 易｜错｜点｜拨 1. 形式主语和形式宾语 形式主语(形式上的主语)和真正主语(真正的主语)常用作形式主语的是代词it。当主语过长时，可以先用代词it作为形式上的主语，而把真正的主语放在句子尾部，避免句子“头重脚轻”，影响平衡美感。 形式宾语 不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)、名词性从句作宾语，常用it作形式宾语，则把真正的宾语放在句后。 It is no good for oneself pretending to work hard in front of others. Some students find it difficult to study English. 2.形容词作状语 形容词作状语一般位于句首或者句末, 用来表示主语或宾语的特征或状态。 The tourists came back, safe and sound. 游客们安然无恙地回来了。 3.同位语 若两个语法单位指同一个人或事物, 并且语法功能也一样, 那么后一项称为前一项的同位语。 I’m Li Hua, chairman of the Students’ Union. 我是李华, 学生会主席。(名词) I have the confidence that you’ll have a joyful day. 我有信心你会度过快乐的一天。(同位语从句) ( 句子结构 ) 句子结构01 主谓: 主语＋谓语(SV)（谓语动词为不及物动词，不能接宾语，但能表达完整的意义） The door closed.门关了。 The sun was shining. 太阳在照耀着。 The animal disappeared. 动物消失了。 句子结构02主谓宾: 主语＋谓语＋宾语(SVO)（谓语动词为及物动词或相当于及物动词的短语动词，它必须跟一个宾语） We teach English. 我们教英语。 Who knows the man? 谁知道这个人？ 句子结构03 主系表: 主语＋连系动词＋表语(SVP)（谓语动词是系动词） This is an EnglishChinese dictionary. 这是本英汉辞典。 The flower smells sweet. 这朵花闻起来很香。 Her face turned red. 她的脸红了。 终止类系动词:: prove; turn out ; 变化类动词：become/ grow/ run/ get/ fail 句子结构04 主谓宾宾: 主语＋谓语＋间接宾语＋直接宾语(SVOO)（谓语动词带两个宾语(双宾语)，前一个为间接宾语(通常指人)，后一个为直接宾语(通常指物)）（句子结构可以是: “主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾”或“主＋谓＋直宾＋to/for＋间宾”。） Mr. Smith lent me his car.＝Mr. Smith lent his car to me.史密斯先生把他的车借给了我。 Mr. Smith gave me some advice and lent me an English dictionary.＝Mr. Smith gave some advice to me and lent an English dictionary to me.史密斯先生给了我一些建议并且借了本英文词典给我。 句子结构05 主谓宾补: 主语＋谓语＋宾语＋宾语补语(SVOC)（谓语动词是可以带复合宾语的及物动词） The news made us surprised. 这消息使我们很吃惊。 We saw him out. 我们看见他出去了。 He asked me to come back soon. 他要我早点回来。 What makes him think so? 他怎么会这样想？ I saw them getting on the bus. 我看见他们上了那辆公共汽车。 句子结构06 主谓状: 主语＋谓语＋状语(SVA)（谓语动词也为不及物动词，但其后必须带有状语，否则结构不全，意义不完整。） They lived in Beijing. 他们住在北京。 The girl disappeared in the distance. 女孩在远处消失了。 句子结构07 主谓宾状: 主语＋谓语＋宾语＋状语(SVOA)（谓语动词是及物动词，其后不但必须有宾语，而且宾语之后必须带状语）。 She covered her face with her hands. 她用手蒙住了脸。 She put all the books on the desk.她把所有的书都放在桌上了。 句子结构08 存现句: 引导词there引导的句子（there为引导词，无词义；be为谓语动词，根据情况可以有单复数的变化，也可以有不同的时态变化。there be后面的名词为句子主语。） [名师点津]there在该结构中是个引导词，本身无词义。动词be是谓语，有时态变化，也可与情态动词连用。动词be要和后面的就近的主语在单复数方面保持一致。 There is a small pool at the foot of the mountain. 山脚下有一个小池塘。 There lived a temple on the hill. 在山上有座庙宇。 【即时检测】 请从方框内的选项中选出下列句子的基本句型，选项可以重复使用。 A．S+V     B．S+V+O     C． S+V+P    D．S+V+IO+DO     E. S+V+O+OC     F. There be . . . 1．The tiger lives in Asia. 2．Vienna is the capital city of Austria. 3．A friendly waiter taught me a few words of Italian. 4．This course can help you develop your speaking skills. 5．The prince started a three- day visit to India last Thursday. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．D 4．E 5．B 【解析】1．考查基本句型。句意：老虎生活在亚洲。The tiger是主语；lives是谓语；in Asia是地点状语；所以句子的结构是：主语+谓语。故选A。 2．考查基本句型。句意：维也纳是奥地利的首都。Vienna是主语，is是系动词；the capital city of Austria.是表语；所以句子的结构是：主语+系动词+表语。故选C。 3．考查基本句型。句意：一位友好的服务员教了我几句意大利语。A friendly waiter是主语；taught是谓语；me是间接宾语；a few words of Italian是直接宾语；所以句子的结构是：主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语。故选D。 4．考查基本句型。句意：本课程可以帮助你提高口语能力。This course是主语；can help是谓语；you是宾语；develop your speaking skills是宾语补足语；所以句子的结构是：主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语。故选E。 5．考查基本句型。句意：上周四，这位王子开始了对印度的为期三天的访问。The prince是主语；started是谓语；a three- day visit to India是宾语；last Thursday是时间状语；所以句子的结构是：主语+谓语+宾语。故选B。 易｜错｜点｜拨 1. there 的存现句 there在该结构中是个引导词，本身无词义。动词be是谓语，有时态变化，也可与情态动词连用。动词be要和后面的就近的主语在单复数方面保持一致。 2. 在语法填空中主谓一致的考查种：注意主语和谓语的单复数匹配。非谓语动词考查种：根据句子结构判断动词形式(如-ed/-ing)。 3. 阅读理解中，长难句分析：先读主干，再处理分隔部分(如定语从句)。注意逻辑关系：关注转折、因果等连接词，理解段落结构(总分/对比) 解｜题｜技｜巧 1. 如何判断复合宾语还是双宾语 可用下面方法来判断一个及物动词所带的是双宾语还是复合宾语: 如果宾语与其后的成分之间存在着逻辑上的主谓或主表关系，则该动词接的是复合宾语，否则就是双宾语。 2. 句子成分划分 第一步，找主语：先通读句子，找出句子所要描述的对象，通常是句首的名词、代词、动名词、不定式或从句等。 第二步，找谓语：在主语之后，寻找能表达主语动作、状态或特征的动词或动词短语，注意区分谓语动词和非谓语动词(不定式、分词、动名词)，谓语动词会有时态、语态和人称变化。 第三步，判断是否有宾语：若谓语动词是及物动词，后面通常会接宾语，找出动作的承受者；若谓语动词是不及物动词，则无宾语。 第四步，判断是否有表语：若谓语动词是系动词，后面接的成分就是表语，用于说明主语的性质、状态等。 第五步，寻找定语和状语：定语修饰名词或代词，前置定语在被修饰词前，后置定语在被修饰词后；状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，根据其表达的意义(时间、地点、原因、方式等)判断。 第六步，判断是否有宾语补足语和同位语：若宾语后面的成分补充说明宾语的性质、状态或动作，且与宾语存在逻辑主谓关系，则为宾语补足语；若某个成分与前面的名词或代词所指内容相同，用于解释说明，则为同位语。 ( 简单句，并列句和主从复合句 ) 句型01 并列句 1. 联合关系 由并列连词and或not only...but also...连接的两个分句。 I turned on the TV and we sat down and watched it. 我开了电视机后，我们就坐下来看电视节目。 It not only gave us a chance to get close to nature, but also gave us relaxation from our study.它不仅给了我们接近大自然的机会，而且能让我们在学习之余得到放松。 2. 转折关系 多用连词but，yet，while等连接两个分句。 It rained heavily, but I still went to school.虽然天下着雨，但是我还是去上学了。 Good habits always lead to high efficiency, while bad ones lead to the opposite.好的习惯经常使得效率增高，而不好的习惯效果恰恰相反。 3. 选择关系 主要由连词or (或者；否则)，either...or...(要么……要么……)，not...but...(不是……而是……)等连词连接。 You may go with us, or you may stay at home.你既可以跟我们一起去也可以待在家里。 4. 因果关系 多用连词so或for连接。 He told me to do it, so I did it.他让我这样做，于是我就这样做了。 5. 时间关系 由并列连词when连接两个分句，表示“就在这时突然……”。 Last Monday，I was walking in the street when I suddenly saw an old man fall off his bicycle.上周一，我正在街上散步，这时突然看到一位老人从自行车上摔了下来。 [名师点津] (1)“祈使句+and/or (otherwise)+简单句”也是并列句的一种，or在此意为“否则”。 Give me one more minute or I won't be able to finish it. 再多给我一分钟，否则我不能完成它。 (2)并列句有时也可不用并列连词连接，而用分号(；)连接。 The future is bright; the road is tortuous.前途是光明的，道路是曲折的。 (3)so和because不能连用。 The manager was ill so I went to the press conference in his place. 经理病了，所以我代他去参加新闻发布会。 句型02 主从复合句 1. 名词性从句(相当于名词，可作句子的主语、表语、宾语和同位语) When the plane is to take off has not been announced.(主语从句) 飞机何时起飞尚未宣布。 That is why he did not come to school yesterday.(表语从句) 那就是昨天他没来上学的原因。 He said that some teenagers didn’t work hard.(宾语从句) 他说有些青少年不努力学习。 We heard the news that our team had won.(同位语从句) 我们听到了我们球队获胜的消息。 2. 定语从句(相当于一个形容词，用来修饰一个名词或代词，在主句中作定语) The man who was full of anger was Mike’s father. 那个非常生气的人是迈克的父亲。 I won’t forget the day when I had an argument with him. 我忘不了和他吵架的那一天。 3. 状语从句(相当于副词，修饰谓语动词，或整个主句。根据表达的意思分为：时间、地点、条件、原因、目的、结果、方式、让步等) When I saw him，I found him under great stress. 我看见他时，觉得他压力很大。 I will meet my friend where I met my teacher last time. 我会在上次遇到我老师的地方见我的朋友。 If you want to keep peace，you’d better be patient. 如果你想保持和平，你最好耐心一些。 He was punished because he was late. 他受到了惩罚，因为他迟到了。 Let’s get up early so that we can catch the early bus. 我们早点起床吧，以便我们能赶上早班车。 He made so inspiring a speech that everyone got excited. 他发表了如此鼓舞人心的演讲，以至于大家都很激动。 Please do as you are told. 请按照你被告知的去做。 Although/Though he tried his best，he still missed the target. 虽然他尽力了，但仍然没有打中目标。 [注意]　although/though不能和but连用，但可以和yet，still连用。 【即时检测】 判断句子结构——简单句、并列句和复合句 1．She was aged six when she first went to school.                                         2．I asked him to come with me and he agreed.                                              3．While there is life there is hope.                                                       4．I have never met Carl before, nor have I heard of him.                                      5．You weren’t at the meeting yesterday to hear what other people thought about this problem.     6．You can either write to me or call me in my office.                                      7．We must hurry, or we’ll be late for class.                                              8．A man familiar with the subject can quickly catch the main idea of the lecture.                  9．You can’t count on him for help: he is such a busy man.                                  10．Bill often sleeps late and has no time for breakfast.                                          【答案】 1．复合句 2．并列句 3．复合句 4．并列句 5．复合句 6．并列句 7．并列句 8．简单句 9．并列句 10．简单句 【解析】 1．考查句子结构判断。句意：她第一次上学时只有六岁。分析句子结构可知，此处为when引导的状语从句，为复合句。故填：复合句。 2．考查句子结构判断。句意：我请他和我一起来，他同意了。分析句子结构可知，此处为and连接的并列句。故填：并列句。 3．考查句子结构判断。句意：有生命就有希望。分析句子结构可知，此处为while引导条件状语从句，为复合句。故填：复合句。 4．考查句子结构判断。句意：我以前从未见过卡尔，也没有听说过他。分析句子结构可知，nor用来连接否定的并列成分，放在 not, no, never 等否定词后，表示“也不”，与 or 的用法类似，连接并列句。故填：并列句。 5．考查句子结构判断。句意：昨天的会议上，你没有听取别人对这个问题的看法。分析句子结构可知，hear后跟宾语从句，此处为复合句。故填：复合句。 6．考查句子结构判断。句意：你可以写信给我，也可以打电话到我的办公室。分析句子结构可知，either…or…表示“要么……要么”，连接并列句。故填：并列句。 7．考查句子结构判断。句意：我们必须快点，否则上课就迟到了。分析句子结构可知，or表示“或者”连接并列句。故填：并列句。 8．考查句子结构判断。句意：熟悉这一主题的人能很快抓住讲座的主要内容。分析句子结构可知，句子主语为A man，谓语为catch，宾语为the main idea，此处为“主谓宾”结构，为简单句。故填：简单句。 9．考查句子结构判断。句意：你不能指望他帮忙，他是个大忙人。分析句子结构可知，冒号的主要作用是表示同位关系，此处为并列句。故填：并列句。 10．考查句子结构判断。句意：比尔经常睡得很晚，没有时间吃早餐。分析句子结构可知，句子主语为Bill，谓语动词为sleep和has，宾语为time，为“主谓宾”结构，是简单句。故填：简单句。 基础通关（测试时间：10分钟） 一、单项选择 1．I have heard that this museum is known as a “Chinese treasure house”! 这个句子的基本句型是________. A．主语+谓语 B．主语+谓语+宾语 C．主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语 D．主语+谓语+主语+谓语 【答案】B 【详解】考查基本句型。句意：我听说这个博物馆被称为“中国的宝库”！分析句子结构可知，I“我”是句子主语；have heard“听说”为句子谓语；that this museum is known as a “Chinese treasure house”!“这个博物馆被称为“中国的宝库”！” 为that引导的宾语从句。故这个句子的基本句型是：主语+谓语+宾语。故选B。 2．It is a great pleasure to talk with you.(该句所属句子基本类型) A．主谓 B．主谓宾 C．主系表 D．主谓双宾 【答案】C 【详解】考查句子基本类型。句意：很高兴和你谈话。it为形式主语，be动词为is，a great pleasure 为表语，to talk with you是真正的主语。所以本句为主系表结构。故选C项。 3．To master a foreign language in three months is challenging. What sentence element is the underlined part? A．Subject. B．Adverbial. C．Verb. D．Complement. 【答案】A 【详解】考查句子成分。句意：要在三个月内掌握一门外语是有挑战性的。划线部分（To master a foreign language in three months）是什么句子成分？A.Subject.主语；B. Adverbial.状语；C. Verb.（谓语）动词；D. Complement.补语。“To master a foreign language in three months”是不定式短语，在句中充当主语（Subject），是句子描述的核心对象；“is”为系动词（Verb），用于连接主语和表语；“challenging (有挑战性的)”为表语（Predicative），用于说明主语的性质。因此，划线部分的句子成分为主语。故选A项。 4．The company considers it necessary to invest more money in research and development. What sentence element is the underlined part? A．Attributive. B．Adverbial. C．Complement. D．Predicative. 【答案】C 【详解】考查句子成分。句意：该公司认为有必要在研发上投入更多资金。划线部分（necessary）是什么句子成分？A.Attributive.定语；B.Adverbial. 状语；C.Complement. 补语；D.Predicative.表语。句子主干为“主谓宾宾补”结构，其中“The company”是主语，“considers”是谓语，“it”是形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的不定式短语“to invest more money in research and development”，划线部分“necessary”用于补充说明形式宾语“it”的性质和特征，充当宾语补足语。故选C项。 5．After the long hike, the climbers felt extremely tired and thirsty. What sentence element is the underlined part? A．Adverbial. B．Predicative. C．Object. D．Attributive. 【答案】B 【详解】考查句子成分。句意：“After the long hike, the climbers felt extremely tired and thirsty. (长途徒步后，登山者们感到极度疲惫和口渴。)”中划线部分（extremely tired and thirsty）是什么句子成分？分析句子“After the long hike, the climbers felt extremely tired and thirsty.”可知，“the climbers”是主语，“felt”是系动词，“After the long hike”为状语，划线部分“extremely tired and thirsty”用于说明主语“the climbers”的身体状态和感受，为表语。故选B项。 6．Have you decided where we should go for our summer vacation? What sentence element is the underlined part? A．Adverbial. B．Complement. C．Attributive. D．Object. 【答案】D 【详解】考查句子成分。句意：你已经决定我们暑假该去哪里了吗？划线部分是什么句子成分？A. Adverbial状语；B. Complement补语；C. Attributive定语；D. Object宾语。该句中“decided”是谓语动词，划线部分“where we should go for our summer vacation”是动词decided的宾语，属于宾语从句。故选D。 7．The number of online shoppers in this area has increased by 30% this year. What sentence element is the underlined part? A．Attributive. B．Adverbial. C．Predicative. D．Complement. 【答案】A 【详解】考查句子成分。句意：今年该地区的网购者的数量增加了30%。划线部分是什么句子成分？A. Attributive定语；B. Adverbial状语；C. Predicative表语；D. Complment补语。该句中“in this area”修饰“online shoppers”，此处为介词短语作后置定语。故选A。 8．The unexpected death of her father in the accident and the suffering________ caused affected the little girl greatly. A．that B．it C．what D．which 【答案】B 【详解】考查代词。句意：她父亲在事故中的意外死亡及其造成的痛苦极大地影响了这个小女孩。分析可知，“________ caused”为之前“the suffering”的定语从句，先行词在从句中作动词“caused”的宾语，关系代词“that/which”被省略。因此可将从句还原为“_____ caused the suffering”，分析得知，从句缺少主语，且指代前文“The unexpected death of her father in the accident(她父亲在那次事故中意外身亡)”，用it指代。故选B项。 9．What is the sentence structure of “She found a wallet lying on the ground when she walked home.”? A．SVOC． B．SVP. C．SVOO. D．SVA． 【答案】A 【详解】考查句子结构。句意：她回家时发现地上有一个钱包。分析句子结构可知，She是主语，found是谓语动词，a wallet是宾语，lying on the ground是宾语补足语，用来补充说明宾语a wallet的状态，when she walked home是时间状语从句，所以本句的句子结构为“主谓宾补”。故选A。 10．What is the sentence structure of “The company offered the talented graduate a well-paid job immediately after graduation.”? A．SVO. B．SVOC． C．SVOA． D．SVOO. 【答案】D 【详解】考查句子成分。句意：“The company offered the talented graduate a well-paid job immediately after graduation.”的句子结构是什么？A. SVO主谓宾；B. SVOC主谓宾补；C. SVOA主谓宾状；D. SVOO主谓间宾直宾。在该句中，“The company”是主语，“offered”是谓语，“the talented graduate”是间接宾语，“a well-paid job”是直接宾语，“immediately after graduation”是时间状语，但句子的核心结构是“主语 + 谓语 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语”，也就是SVOO结构。故选D。 11．Lose one hour in the morning and you will be looking for it for the rest of the day. A．简单句 B．并列复合句 C．主从复合句 【答案】B 【详解】考查句子结构。句意：在早上浪费一个小时，你就会在这一天的其余时间里寻找它。分析句子可知，该句由并列连词“and”连接两个独立的简单句（“Lose one hour in the morning”和“you will be looking for it for the rest of the day”），两个分句在语法上地位平等，无主从关系，符合并列复合句的定义。这是典型的“祈使句 + and + 陈述句”结构，表示条件与结果的逻辑关系。故选B项。 12．She heard the exciting news. A．简单句 B．并列复合句 C．主从复合句 【答案】A 【详解】考查句子结构。句意：她听到了这个激动人心的消息。该句中She“她”是主语；heard“听到”是谓语；the exciting news“这个激动人心的消息”是宾语，整个句子只有一个主谓结构，所以是简单句。故选A。 13．Scientists developed a new method based on this theory to solve the long-standing problem.判断句子类型 A．并列句 B．简单句 C．复合句 D．并列主从复合句 【答案】B 【详解】考查句子类型。句意：科学家们基于这一理论开发了一种新方法来解决这个长期存在的问题。该句包含一个主语“Scientists”、一个谓语“developed”，以及宾语“a new method”，后续“based on this theory”是过去分词短语作定语，“to solve the long-standing problem”是不定式作目的状语，整个句子仅包含一套主谓结构，没有出现并列连词连接两个或多个分句，也没有包含从句，所以，该句为简单句。故选B项。 14．The farm which I visited last year is a nice place. A．简单句 B．并列复合句 C．主从复合句 【答案】C 【详解】考查句子结构。句意：我去年参观过的那个农场是个好地方。分析句子结构可知，本句主句为The farm is a nice place，为主系表结构，主语The farm、系动词is、表语a nice place；which I visited last year为定语从句，修饰先行词The farm，综上所述，这是一个主从复合句。故选C项。 15．What is the sentence structure of “Whether online education can fully replace traditional classroom teaching in the long run remains a controversial topic.”? A．SVO. B．SVP. C．SVA． D．SV. 【答案】B 【详解】考查句子结构。句意：“Whether online education can fully replace traditional classroom teaching in the long run remains a controversial topic.(从长远来看，在线教育能否完全取代传统课堂教学仍是一个有争议的话题。)”这句话的句子结构是什么？分析句子“Whether online education can fully replace traditional classroom teaching in the long run remains a controversial topic.”可知，“Whether online education can fully replace traditional classroom teaching in the long run (从长远来看在线教育能否完全取代传统课堂教学)”为主语从句（S），是句子描述的核心对象；“remains (仍然是)”，为系动词（V），用于连接主语和表语；“a controversial topic (一个有争议的话题)”为表语（P），用于说明主语的性质、身份和状态。因此，该句为“主语 + 系动词 + 表语”结构，即SVP。故选B项。 二、请写出下列句子的句子基本类型以及划线部分的句子成分。 Sentence 1: In recent years, researchers from diverse fields have agreed that short-termism is now a significant problem in our society. Sentence 2: What is also very different is that students in the same class can have different class schedules. 1．Sentence 1的句子基本类型 2．Sentence 1中划线部分的句子成分 3．Sentence 2的句子基本类型 4．Sentence 2中划线部分的句子成分 【答案】1．主谓宾 2．状语 3．主系表 4．定语 【解析】1．考查句子成分。句意：近年来，来自不同领域的研究人员一致认为，短期主义现在是我们社会中的一个重大问题。分析句子可知，本句中researchers from diverse fields (来自不同领域的研究人员)，为主语；have agreed(已一致认为)，为谓语； that short-termism is now a significant problem in our society(短期主义现在是我们社会的一个严重问题)，为宾语从句作宾语。故填：主谓宾。 2．考查句子成分。句意：近年来，来自不同领域的研究人员一致认为，短期主义现在是我们社会中的一个重大问题。分析句子可知，in our society(在我们的社会中)，为介词短语作状语。故填：状语。 3．考查句子成分。句意：同样非常不同的是，同一班的学生可以有不同的上课时间表。分析句子可知，What is also very different(同样非常不同的)，为主语从句作主语；is(是)，为系动词； that students in the same class can have different class schedules(同一班的学生可以有不同的上课时间表)，为表语从句作表语。故填：主系表。 4．考查句子成分。句意：同样非常不同的是，同一班的学生可以有不同的上课时间表。分析句子可知， in the same class(在同一班的)，为介词短语作定语，修饰前面名词students。故填：定语。 重难突破（测试时间：10分钟） 一、用简单句的基本句型结构完成下列语篇 I went to school early 1 (今天早上). Classmates 2 (互相打招呼) warmly. 3 (有) seven lessons today. My deskmate sent me 4 (一份礼物). And I want to 5 (交朋友) him. The campus 6 (美丽的). I 7 (喜欢) my school. 【答案】1．this morning 2．greeted each other 3．There were 4．a gift 5．make friends with 6．is beautiful 7．Love 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要描述了作者在学校的生活。 1．考查短语。句意：今天早上我很早就去学校了。根据汉语提示“今天早上”可知应填this morning，故填this morning。 2．考查短语。句意：同学们热情地互相打招呼。根据汉语提示“互相打招呼”可知应填greet each other，发生在过去用一般过去时。故填greeted each other。 3．考查句型。句意：今天有七节课。根据汉语提示“有”可知为句型there be，发生在过去用一般过去时，主语为seven lessons，谓语用复数。故填There were。 4．考查名词。句意：我的同桌送了我一份礼物。根据汉语提示“一份礼物”可知应填a gift，作宾语。故填a gift。 5．考查短语。句意：我想和他交朋友。根据汉语提示“交朋友”可知应填make friends with，此处为不定式作宾语。故填make friends with。 6．考查形容词。句意：校园很美。根据汉语提示“美丽的”可知应填形容词beautiful，作表语，陈述事实用一般现在时，主语为单数名词，谓语用单数。故填is beautiful。 7．考查动词。句意：我爱我的学校。根据汉语提示“喜欢”可知应填动词love，陈述事实用一般现在时，主语为I，谓语用原形。故填love。 二、阅读下面短文，分析并写出画线句子的基本句型 When 1 I first entered the senior high school, I was afraid that no one would make friends with me. 2 There were all strangers around me and I was afraid of speaking in front of my new teachers and classmates. What if I couldn’t do well in my studies? Would they laugh at me? 3 I became worried and 4 I thought a lot. Later, I realized that I should change my mind. So I set goals for myself and tried my best to realize them. Besides, 5 I took part in ex-curricular activities actively. Finally I got on well with my classmates and became confident. 6 I found my senior high school life really colourful. 【答案】1．主语＋谓语＋宾语 2．there be句型 3．主语＋系动词＋表语 4．主语＋谓语＋宾语 5．主语＋谓语＋宾语＋状语 16．主语＋谓语＋宾语＋宾补 【解析】1．考查句子结构。分析句子可知，这是主谓宾结构，I“我”是主语，entered “进入”是谓语，the senior high school“高中”是宾语。所以，这个句子的结构是：主语＋谓语＋宾语。 2．考查句子结构。分析句子可知，这是there be句型结构，all strangers“所有的陌生人”是主语，There were“有”是谓语，around me“在我周围”是状语。所以，这个句子的结构是：there be句型。 3．考查句子结构。分析句子可知，这是主系表结构，I“我”是主语，became “变得”是系动词，worried“担心的”是表语。所以，这个句子的结构是：主语＋系动词＋表语。 4．考查句子结构。分析句子可知，这是主谓宾结构，I“我”是主语，thought“想”是谓语，a lot“许多”是宾语。所以，这个句子的结构是：主语＋谓语＋宾语。 5．考查句子结构。分析句子可知，这是主谓宾状结构，I“我”是主语，took part in“参加”是谓语，ex-curricular activities“课外活动”是宾语，actively“积极地”是状语。所以，这个句子的结构是：主语＋谓语＋宾语＋状语。 6．考查句子结构。分析句子可知，这是主谓宾宾补结构，I“我”是主语，found“发现”是谓语，my senior high school life“我的高中生活”是宾语，really colourful“真丰富多彩”是宾补。所以，这个句子的结构是：主语＋谓语＋宾语＋宾补。 易混易错（测试时间：10分钟） 阅读下面短文，然后写出画线部分属于哪种基本句型。 ① High school can be a difficult time. However, ② clubs and other activities can make it much easier. No matter how well you may fit in, joining clubs, sports, or other after-school activities will be good for you. Here is why. Firstly, ③ after-school activities will help you develop your time-management skills. Because you have to plan ahead of time when to finish homework, achieve extracurricular ( 课外的) activities goals, and organise your social life, etc. Secondly, ④ they can also teach you how to work with other people. As you gain more experience, ⑤ you can take on more duties and even an important role. Becoming a club leader is a great way to help you stand out when you apply for a college. ⑥ In short, taking part in activities counts. If you can’t find any club that attracts you, don’t worry. ⑦ You can start a new one! This will allow you to create something suitable for your interests, and a community of students who share the same interests. 1． 2． 3． 4． 5． 6． 7． 【答案】1．主系表 2．主谓宾补 3．主谓宾补 4．主谓宾宾 5．主谓宾 6．主谓 7．主谓宾 【解析】1．考查句型分析。句意：高中可能是一段艰难的时期。分析句子结构可知，High school是主语，be是系动词，a difficult time是表语，所以这句话是主系表的结构。故答案是：主系表。 2．考查句型分析。句意：俱乐部和其他活动可以让它变得更容易。分析句子结构可知，clubs and other activities是主语，can make是谓语，it是宾语，much easier是宾补，所以这句话是主谓宾补的结构。故答案是：主谓宾补。 3．考查句型分析。句意：课后活动将帮助你发展时间管理技能。分析句子结构可知，after-school activities是主语，will help是谓语，you是宾语，develop your time-management skills是宾补，所以这句话是主谓宾补的结构。故答案是：主谓宾补。 4．考查句型分析。句意：他们还可以教你如何与他人合作。分析句子结构可知，they是主语，can teach是谓语，you是间接宾语，how to work with other people是直接宾语，所以这句话是主谓宾宾的结构。故答案是：主谓宾宾。 5．考查句型分析。句意：你可以承担更多的职责，甚至扮演一个重要的角色。分析句子结构可知，you是主语，can take on是谓语，on是介词，more duties and even an important role是介词的宾语，所以这句话是主谓宾的结构。故答案是：主谓宾。 6．考查句型分析。句意：参加活动很重要。分析句子结构可知，taking part in activities是主语，counts是谓语，count是不及物动词，所以这句话是主谓的结构。故答案是：主谓。 7．考查句型分析。句意：你可以开始一个新的！分析句子结构可知，You是主语，can start是谓语，a new one是宾语，所以这句话是主谓宾的结构。故答案是：主谓宾。 链接高考（测试时间：15分钟） 一. 写出下列句子的基本句型 S+V+A  S+V+O   S+V   S+V+IO+DO  S+V+O+C  There be…  S+P  S+V+O+A 1. (2025全国II卷)English market towns come in many shapes and sizes. ________ 2. (2025全国II卷) She loves the library because she loves books. ________ 3.(2022全国乙)Well, they wanted to do something useful. ________ 4.(2019全国III)This development did not take place overnight. ________ 5.(2019全国I)I was the queen of the playground. ________ 6.(2020浙江)Don had somehow made the vehicle move. ________ 7.(2019全国I)It gives us a great feeling of peace. ________ 8.(2021全国新高考I)My husband and I just spent a week in Paris. ________ 【答案】 1. S+V+A 2. S+V+O+A 3. S+V+O 4. S+V+A 5. S+P 6. S+V+O+C 7. S+V+IO+DO 8. S+V+O+A 【解析】 1. 考查句子类型。句意：英国集镇的形状和规模各不相同。English market towns为主语；come为谓语；in many shapes and sizes为状语。故填S+V+A。 2. 考查句子结构。句意：她喜欢图书馆，因为她喜欢书。“She”为句子的主语，“loves”为句子的谓语，“the library”为句子的宾语，“because she loves books”为原因状语从句。故为：主语+谓语+宾语+状语（S+V+O+A）。 3. 考查句子类型。句意：他们想做一些有用的事情。主语为they；wanted to为谓语；do something为宾语。故填S+V+O。 4. 考查句子类型。句意：这一发展不是一夜之间发生的。This development为主语；did not take place为谓语；overnight为状语。故填S+V+A。 5. 考查句子类型。句意：我是操场上的女王。I为主语；was为系动词；the queen of the playground为表语。故填S+P。 6. 考查句子类型。句意：唐不知怎么地使汽车动了起来。Don为主语；had made为谓语；the vehicle为宾语；move为宾补。故填S+V+O+C。 7. 考查句子类型。句意：它给我们一种和平的感觉。It为主语；gives为谓语；us为间接宾语；a great feeling of peace为直接宾语。故填S+V+IO+DO。 8. 考查句子类型。句意：我丈夫和我刚在巴黎待了一周。My husband and I为主语；spent为谓语；a week为宾语；in Paris为状语。故填S+V+O+A。 二、单句语法填空 1. (2025浙江1月卷) Customers today look past the fact that something is secondhand and focus instead on the fact that they have something unique to wear are not overstuffing their own wardrobes (衣柜) or contributing to landfill. 【答案】and 【解析】考查并列连词。句意为：如今的顾客不再在意衣物是否二手，而是关注这样的事实：他们有独特的衣服穿，同时还不会让自己的衣柜过于拥挤，也不会为垃圾填埋场制造垃圾。结合句意及分析句子结构可知，空白处缺少连词连接两个并列成分have和are not overstuffing，故填and。 2.（2025全国一卷）An exhibition at the Jiushi Art Museum in Shanghai is featuring artwork inspired by Go, or weiqi in Chinese, originated in China more than 4,000 years ago. 【答案】which 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：上海久事美术馆正在举办一场展览，展出的艺术品灵感来自围棋（中文称为“围棋”），它起源4000多年前的中国。本空引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词为Go, or weiqi in Chinese，指物，且关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，所以用关系代词which引导。故填which。 3.（2025浙江1月卷）Tanya is also looking beyond special-occasion dresses to less formal clothing, __ she plans to package as capsule wardrobes and offer to travellers, such as those headed to weddings abroad, with a longer-term rental period. 【答案】 which 【解析】考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，此处是一个非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词clothing，并在从句中作package和offer的宾语，故填which。 4.（2025北京卷）However, according to a report by the World Wildlife Fund, tourists _ (leave) over 1.3 billion tons of food waste last year, __ accounted for about 8% of the total global gas release in 2024. 【答案】 which 【解析】考查定语从句关系代词。句意：然而，根据世界野生动物基金会的一份报告，去年游客留下了超过13亿吨的食物垃圾，约占2024年全球气体排放总量的8%。此句为非限制性定语从句，先行词是“1.3 billion tons of food waste”，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，用which引导。故填which。 5.（2024新课标I卷）The Glasshouse stands as a great achievement in contemporary design, to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing (追溯) the steps along the Silk Route __ brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the richness of gardening in England. 【答案】which/that 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：Mark Woodruff补充说：“这是当代设计的最高成就，在丝绸之路的尽头，中国亚热带西南部的植物群从温带的欧洲穿过山脉、干旱的土地和高山牧场，这些植物从亚洲的原生栖息地带到英国，定义了英国园艺的丰富和荣耀。”空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词design，先行词指物，关系词在定语从句中作主语，用关系代词which或that引导从句。故填which/that。 6.（2023年天津6月卷）_________ you are old enough to make your own judgement, you should start to pursue your career. A．Even if B．As though C．Ever since D．Now that 【答案】D 【解析】考查原因状语从句。句意：既然你已经长大了，可以自己做判断了，你应该开始追求你的事业了。A. Even if即使；B. As though好像；C. Ever since自从；D. Now that既然。根据“you should start to pursue your career.”可知，主从句之间为因果关系，所以此处使用“既然”符合逻辑，表示“既然你已经长大，有能力自己做判断”，故选D项。 7.（2023新课标II卷）It’s been an honor to watch the panda programme develop __ to see the pandas settle into their new home. 【答案】 and 【解析】考查并列连词。句意：我很荣幸能看到熊猫项目的发展，看到熊猫们在新家安顿下来。分析句子结构可知，“to watch the panda programme develop”和“to see the pandas settle into their new home”两者是并列关系，应该用and连接。故填and。 8.（2022新课标II卷）He hung on for a few minutes _________ screamed for his father, but his father didn't hear him. 【答案】and 【解析】考查并列连词。句意：他坚持了几分钟，尖叫喊着他的父亲，但他的父亲没有听到他。根据句子结构，设空处应该填写连词，连接hung和screamed两个动作。根据句意，此处表示并列关系。故填and。 9.（2022全国乙卷）The “First International Tea Day Tea Road Cooperative Initiative” issued (发布) at the ceremony calls for people working in the tea industry to come together to promote international cooperation _________ cultural exchanges. 【答案】and 【解析】考查并列连词。句意：仪式上发布的“首个国际茶日万里茶道合作倡议”呼吁茶业人士团结起来，促进国际合作和文化交流。名词international cooperation和cultural exchanges为并列成分，作动词promote的宾语。故填and。 10.（2021全国I卷）Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain, still it highlights the whole adventure _________offers a place where you can sit down to rest your aching legs. 【答案】 and 【解析】考查并列连词。句意为：虽然这是你上山途中唯一不自然的事情,但它仍然突出了整个冒险,并提供了一个地方,你可以坐下来休息你疼痛的腿。前后是并列关系,所以用and连接,故填and. 三、语法填空 （注意分析空格处所充当的句子成分） （2021全国I卷） Going to Mount Huangshan reminds me of the popular Beatles’ song“The Long and Winding Road”.56is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes. The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we 1  (human) are. The hot spring at the foot of the mountain is something you must try after the climb. It will 2 (undoubted) help you get refreshed! The amazing thing about the spring is that the colder the temperature gets, the 3  (hot) the spring! Strange, isn’t it? But that’s how nature is — always leaving us 4 (astonish). What comes next is the endless series of steps. You can’t help wondering how hard it ___5____ (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place. Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain, still it highlights the whole adventure 6 offers a place where you can sit down to rest your7  (ache) legs. As the song goes, this long and winding road “will never disappear”, and it will always stick in the visitor’s memory. It sure does in 8 (I).While you’re in China, Mount Huangshan is 9  must to visit! 【答案与解析】 What 句意：这次经历的惊人之处在于这世界之外的景色。此处是主语从句，从句缺乏主语，应用what引导，指代“经历的事情”。故填What。 2.humans 句意：当你站在黄山山顶看见波涛汹涌般的云海，你会想到我们人类是多么的渺小。human是we的同位语，we为复数，应用human的复数形式。故填humans。 3.undoubtedly 句意：它无疑会帮助你恢复精神！修饰动词help，应用副词undoubtedly“毫无疑问地”，作状语。故填undoubtedly。 4.hotter 句意：关于黄山温泉让人惊讶的是，气温越低，温泉越暖和。此处是固定结构“the +比较级，the+比较级”，意为“越……，越……”。故填hotter，在句中作表语，与the colder并列。 5.astonished 句意：但大自然就是这样—总是让我们惊讶。此处是“leave +宾语+宾语补足语”，补充说明宾语us的感受，应用-ed结尾形容词。故填astonished。 6.was 句意：你不禁会想，对当时的人们来说，把这些石头都安置好有多难。分析句子可知，“how hard it 61 (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place”作wonder的宾语，it是从句的形式主语，不定式为真正主语，谓语动词用单数形式，安置台阶的石头为陈述过去的事情，应用一般过去时。故填was。 7.and 句意：虽然在上山的路上，这是唯一不自然的事情，但它仍然突出了整个冒险，并且提供了一个你可以坐下来休息你疼痛的双腿的地方。分析句子可知，“highlights the whole adventure”与“offers a place”部分为并列关系，都是作it的谓语，故用并列连词and。 8.aching 句意：虽然在上山的路上，这是唯一不自然的事情，但它仍然突出了整个冒险，并且提供了一个你可以坐下来休息你疼痛的双腿的地方。分析句子及语境可知，此处应用形容词aching“疼痛的”修饰名词legs，作定语，意为“疼痛的双腿”。故填aching。 9.mine 句意：正如歌中所唱，这条漫长而曲折的道路“永远不会消失”，它将永远留在游客的记忆中。对我来说确实如此。根据前一句“it will always stick in the visitor's memory”可知，本句为does指代前一句的stick，本句缺乏宾语，应用名词性物主代词mine指代my memory。故填mine。 10.a：当你在中国的时候，黄山是一个你一定要去的地方。must作名词时，意为“绝对必要的事物”，为可数名词，此处泛指“一个必须去的地方”，应用不定冠词，must是以辅音音素开头的词，应用a。故填a。 16 / 23 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $