主题语境 太空探索 专项训练-2026届高三英语一轮复习

主题语境——太空探索 专项训练 训练1 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 Ⅰ 阅读理解 A A small device no bigger than a toaster has generated oxygen on the surface of Mars, bringing the chances of surviving on the red planet a step closer. The Mars Oxygen In-Situ Resource Utilization Experiment, better known as MOXIE, has been generating oxygen from the atmosphere on Mars, as part of NASA’s Perseverance rover (漫游者) mission. MOXIE produced breathable oxygen in seven hour-long tests conducted in various weather and atmosphere conditions since landing. During each test, the device produced six grams of oxygen, about the same as a small tree and enough to sustain an astronaut for 15 minutes. It’s also found that even in extreme temperatures and after a Martian dust storm, MOXIE continued to produce high-purity oxygen. “This is the first demonstration of actually using resources on the surface of another planet and transforming them chemically into something that would be useful for a human mission,” said Jeff Hoffinan, a retired astronaut and professor at MIT. NASA and the MIT team are planning to build a bigger version of MOXIE, as they hope advanced models will produce enough oxygen to support a crewed mission to Mars. “We have to bring a lot of stuff from Earth to support a human mission, but oxygen is a big problem. If you can make it there, go for it and you’re way ahead of the game,” Hoffinan said. The device uses pumps that absorb in carbon dioxide which is heated to 800℃ and processed to separate the carbon and oxygen. Carbon monoxide(一氧化碳)is emitted as waste while the pure oxygen is left behind. Expanding the device to support a human mission to Mars presents challenges. It is needed to run continuously for 400 days, a leap from the one-hour tests and its inner temperature should be controlled stably. MOXIE has proved to endure the extreme conditions on Mars, however, and the team plans to assess the machine’s limits in the coming months when atmosphere is thick and carbon dioxide levels are high. They say they just want to set everything as high as they dare and make as much oxygen as they can. (　)1.What can we learn about MOXIE? A.It works well in a series of tests. B.It aims to purify breathable oxygen. C.It is stopped by extreme conditions. D.It produces oxygen enough for a team. (　)2.By quoting Hoffinan’s words in Paragraph 5, the author intends to 　　　　.  A.present a plan to further explore Mars B.demonstrate NASA’s ambition to win the game C.show the plentiful and useful resources on Mars D.highlight the significance of making oxygen on Mars (　)3.Which of the following best describes the team according to the last paragraph? A.Cautious and ambitious. B.Confident and intelligent. C.Practical and independent. D.Courageous and imaginative. (　)4.What can be a suitable title for the text? A.A NASA Mars rover landed successfully B.Challenges for a human mission to Mars C.Human survives with oxygen made on Mars D.A little oxygen on Mars, a great leap forward B A school science project by a group of students in Canada has led to an important discovery: EpiPens might cease to function normally in space. EpiPens,the auto-injectors(自动注射器)that deliver life-saving medicine called epinephrine, help with severe allergic (过敏) reactions. The epinephrine opens up airways, maintains heat function and blood pressure and calms the allergic reaction so the person can breathe. The students working on Programme for Gifted Learners (PGL), were curious about how radiation in space would affect the molecular (分子) structure of epinephrine. As part of a NASA initiative called “Cubes in Space,” which launches science experiments students come up with, they sent two cubes with samples of both pure epinephrine and EpiPen solution into space, one on a rocket and the other on a balloon. With the cubes too small to hold an entire EpiPen, the students had consulted with Paul Mayer, a chemist at University of Ottawa and eventually figured out a way to get the EpiPen solution into a specially-made bottle. The samples were analysed in a lab before and after returning to Earth. The team found the pure epinephrine samples only returned 87 percent pure—the other 13 percent had turned into poisonous chemicals. And no epinephrine was found in the EpiPen solution samples. Mayer was sceptical at first that the samples would show any signs of decomposition, but he was blown away by the “dramatic” results. “It’s brilliant,” he tells Global News. “The first part of doing science is asking the right questions, and they asked a fantastic question.” The students’ findings could have real-world implications for space travel and astronauts’ safety. Excited to have made such a groundbreaking discovery, the students plan to do the experiment again to check their results. They’re also working on designing a capsule to protect the EpiPen solution in space. “You feel like you’re making a real change,” says student Benjamin Sum, who wants to build rockets when he grows up.“It feels like it’s just adults. But kids can actually be involved.” (　)5.What can EpiPens do for human allergic reaction? A.Cure it for good. B.Detect its early signs. C.Stimulate it in time. D.Relieve it temporarily. (　)6.Why were the samples of pure epinephrine and EpiPen solution launched into space? A.To break down the epinephrine. B.To test epinephrine’s effectiveness. C.To integrate innovation into clinical study. D.To confirm they can stand space environments. (　)7.What quality of the students impresses Mayer most? A.Their spirit of commitment. B.Their unity and teamwork. C.Their spirit of scientific inquiry. D.Their sincerity and integrity. (　)8.What can be the best title for the text? A.Kids find out EpiPens may not work in space B.PGL: a programme devoted to astronomy research C.Scientists team up with pupils for space exploration D.EpiPens: an advanced device applied to save lives Ⅱ 阅读七选五 You don’t need to be an astronomer with a giant telescope to enjoy a simple but spellbinding activity: stargazing. 1.　　　　 It’s so interesting to discover what’s going on.  There is plenty to take in using just your eyes but some people use a telescope for a more detailed look. For the best results, choose a clear night when the moon is not very bright. 2.　　　  It can be harder to see the stars in towns and cities.The best places for stargazing are open, hilly areas or the coast. 3.　　　　 It is our home galaxy stretching across the night sky and is best seen in summer and fall evening skies. If the full moon is up, it will be hard to see. Try going for a night hike instead! Let your eyes adjust to the moonlight and keep your flashlight turned off.   4.　　　　 That is camping in a national park under a star-filled sky. Many national parks offer various night sky programmes, from telescope astronomy events to full moon walks with rangers. Besides, national parks are also great places to know about the animals that are awake at night and asleep during the day. Sit quietly and listen for these creatures.  When you head out at night, always go with an adult. Dress warmly and take a blanket or a chair to sit on, plus a hot drink to warm you up. You might want to take a camera with you as well, so you can take a photo if you see something amazing in the sky. A whole new world comes alive at night and is waiting to be explored. 5.　　　  A.Get prepared for the wonder above. B.Just go outside at night and look up. C.You are supposed to avoid the full moon. D.It also matters which direction you observe. E.In these places, you can look for the Milky Way. F.What is a better way to experience the great wonder? G.Where do you prefer to have a stargazing trip at night? Ⅲ 应用文写作 当前,太空探险是一个热门话题。有人赞成,有人反对。某英语阅读交流平台开设的“Opinions”栏目欢迎读者就此话题发表观点。请你写一篇短文发表自己的看法。内容包括以下要点: 赞同理由 反对理由 你的观点 　　注意:1. 词数80个左右; 2. 题目已给出,不计入总词数。 Outer space explorations, yes or no?           训练2 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 Ⅰ 完形填空 Bend, a small town in Oregon, is called “moon country”. Before the astronauts ever 　1　 it to the moon, they trained in Bend. When Jim Irwin came to Bend for 　2　, he made friends with Floyd Watson, a(n) 　3　 resident, who was the building inspector for the city. Five years later, Irwin was 　4　 for the Apollo 15 moon landing.  When the news that his old friend would go to the moon came to Watson’s　5　, he chose a piece of lava rock(火山岩), near Devil’s Lake, and 　6　 it in paper. Then he posted it to Irwin with a letter where he 　7　 him and made a request, “I am sending you a 　8　 piece of Central Oregon lava, which I hope you will be able to　9　 to the moon for me.” Off went the letter, and Watson thought 　10　 of it. A few months later, on July 26, 1971, Irwin　11　 to the moon with David Scott and Alfred Worden.  And a few weeks after their 　12　, Watson got an unexpected letter from Irwin. “I did carry your piece of lava to the moon and left it there,” Irwin wrote and enclosed(附上) a 　13　 of it, with the small piece of Oregon lava 　14　with an arrow and the words “Oregon lava on the moon!” For Watson the letter and the picture were 　15　. And, of course, he never looked at the moon the same way again.   1.A.did B.made C.took D.grasped 2.A.adventure B.research C.amusement D.practice 3.A.local B.aggressive C.gifted D.academic 4.A.carried out B.picked out C.ruled out D.checked out 5.A.sense B.rescue C.knowledge D.assistance 6.A.enveloped B.measured C.designed D.transformed 7.A.thanked B.welcomed C.congratulated D.followed 8.A.huge B.valuable C.unique D.tiny 9.A.fly B.deliver C.orbit D.float 10.A.much B.highly C.little D.low 11.A.escaped B.rushed C.wandered D.journeyed 12.A.arrival B.return C.application D.campaign 13.A.postcard B.drawing C.photo D.note 14.A.equipped B.decorated C.covered D.marked 15.A.reliable B.precious C.permanent D.realistic Ⅱ 语法填空 China is developing a new-generation launch vehicle 1.　　　　　　(send) astronauts to the moon, which will be completed by 2030.  The new rocket will be 90 metres tall, and able to lift 27 tonnes of payload(有效载荷)to the lunar orbit, CGTN learned from the Airshow China 2.　　　　　　(hold) in South China’s Zhuhai City earlier this month, during which a model of the rocket 3.　　　　　　(display). The diameter(直径)of 4.　　　　　　(it) core will be similar to that of the Long March-5 heavy-lift rocket, which is five metres. The Long March-5 is China’s most 5.　　　　　　(power) launch vehicle currently in operational service, 6.　　　　　　 a maximum payload capacity of 25 tonnes to low Earth orbit(LEO). It has been used to send China’s three space station modules, 7.　　　　　　(weigh) about 66 tonnes, into LEO.  In addition to 8.　　　　　　 new rocket for manned missions, China is also developing a new crewed capsule and a lunar lander, 9.　　　　　　 will be able to send three astronauts to the lunar orbit and allow two of them to land on the moon.  Meanwhile, China is also working on a series of reusable space launch and transport systems that will 10.　　　　　　(significant) boost its space shuttle capability, lowering costs and empowering future development in this area.  Ⅲ 读后续写 阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。 My father’s son It’s hard being an astronaut’s son. I often wonder how my father ever had a son like me. I mean he’s so special and so good at everything he does. But I’m just an average eleven-year-old kid. Nowadays I dream about being a famous writer, but I used to dream about doing something spectacular to impress my father and make him proud of me—something like rescuing a child from a burning building or chasing a robber away from an old lady. I was daydreaming in school one morning. I was daydreaming about being some kind of hero when my friend Ellen reminded me of my English teacher’s announcement about a Father’s Day essay contest. “I hope we have a winner right here in my English class,” she said. “There are three prizes for each of you.” When I got home, I kissed my mum quickly. Then I went upstairs to my room and sat down with a pen and a pad of paper. I started to think about what I would write. How did I see my father? Hmm. I saw him teaching me how to use a bat and how to throw a baseball. I remembered how he hugged me for hours when my dog Spotty was hit and killed by a car. And I remembered how he sat and tried to explain death to me when Grandpa Bob died. These were the things I was going to write about my dad. To me, he wasn’t just a world-famous astronaut. He was my dad. I wrote about all these memories and put them in my essay. I handed it in the next day and was surprised to find out that the winning essays would be read in the auditorium on Thursday night. All the parents and students were invited. My parents and I went to school on Thursday night. One of our neighbours said, “I bet you’ll win the contest, David. I bet you wrote what it’s like to be the son of an astronaut, and you’re the only one in town who could write about that.” 注意:续写词数应为150个左右。 Paragraph 1: I shrugged and then the first prize winner—Ellen was announced.            Paragraph 2: Surprised and thrilled, I went up to the stage.                答案 训练1 ⅠA 文章大意： 本文是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了设备MOXIE,它能产生氧气,使人类在火星上生存的机会更大了。 1.A　细节理解题。根据第三段中“MOXIE produced breathable oxygen in seven hour-long tests conducted in various weather and atmosphere conditions since landing. During each test, the device produced six grams of oxygen, about the same as a small tree and enough to sustain an astronaut for 15 minutes.”可知,MOXIE在各项实验中表现得很好。故选A。 2.D　推理判断题。根据第五段中“We have to bring a lot of stuff from Earth to support a human mission, but oxygen is a big problem. If you can make it there, go for it and you’re way ahead of the game…”可知,本段主要强调的是在火星上制造氧气的重要性。故选D。 3.A　推理判断题。根据最后一段中“It is needed to run continuously for 400 days, a leap from the one-hour tests and its inner temperature should be controlled stably.”可知,研究团队需要花费大量时间进行测试,保证内部温度稳定,体现出了研究团队的严谨;同时根据本段中“MOXIE has proved to endure the extreme conditions on Mars, however, and the team plans to assess the machine’s limits in the coming months when atmosphere is thick and carbon dioxide levels are high.”可知,MOXIE已经被证明能忍受火星上的极端条件,但是研究小组继续坚持突破极限,这是有抱负的体现。故选A。 4.D　主旨大意题。根据第三段中“MOXIE produced breathable oxygen in seven hour-long tests conducted in various weather and atmosphere conditions since landing.”以及第一段中“A small device no bigger than a toaster has generated oxygen on the surface of Mars, bringing the chances of surviving on the red planet a step closer.”可知,本文主要介绍了设备MOXIE,它能产生氧气,使人类在火星上生存的机会更大了。D选项“A little oxygen on Mars, a great leap forward”(火星上的一点氧气,一个巨大的飞跃)可以概括全文。故选D。 B 文章大意： 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一群加拿大学生在一个学校科学项目中做出了一个重要发现:EpiPens(肾上腺素自动注射器)可能在太空中停止正常工作。 5.D　 细节理解题。根据第二段中“EpiPens,the auto-injectors(自动注射器) that deliver life-saving medicine called epinephrine, help with severe allergic (过敏) reactions.”(EpiPens是自动注射器,可以传送名为肾上腺素的救命药物,有助于缓解严重的过敏反应。)可知,EpiPens对人类的过敏反应有暂时缓解的作用,故选D项。 6.B　 推理判断题。根据第四段中“The samples were analysed in a lab before and after returning to Earth. The team found the pure epinephrine samples only returned 87 percent pure—the other 13 percent had turned into poisonous chemicals. And no epinephrine was found in the EpiPen solution samples.”(这些样本在返回地球之前和之后在实验室中被分析了。研究小组发现,返回的纯肾上腺素样本的纯度仅为87%,其余13%已转化为有毒化学物质。EpiPen溶液样本中没有发现肾上腺素。)可推知,把纯肾上腺素和EpiPen溶液样本发射到太空的目的是测试肾上腺素的有效性。故选B项。 7.C　 推理判断题。根据第五段中“The first part of doing science is asking the right questions, and they asked a fantastic question.”(做科学的第一部分是问正确的问题,他们问了一个很棒的问题。)可知,学生们善于思考和提出问题,这说明学生有探究精神。由此可推知,Mayer对学生们印象最深的是他们的科学探究精神,故选C项。 8.A　主旨大意题。根据第一段中“A school science project by a group of students in Canada has led to an important discovery: EpiPens might cease to function normally in space.”(一群加拿大学生在一个学校科学项目中做出了一个重要发现:EpiPens可能在太空中停止正常工作。)、第四段中“The samples were analysed in a lab before and after returning to Earth. The team found the pure epinephrine samples only returned 87 percent pure—the other 13 percent had turned into poisonous chemicals. And no epinephrine was found in the EpiPen solution samples.”以及第五段中“The first part of doing science is asking the right questions, and they asked a fantastic question.”可知,本文第一段提出了话题:一群加拿大学生做出了一项重要发现:EpiPens可能在太空中停止正常工作,后续段落对这一发现进行了详细描述,并对这些学生的科学精神进行了赞扬,所以本文最佳标题应为“孩子们发现EpiPens在太空中可能不起作用”,故选A项。 Ⅱ文章大意： 本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了观星这一简单但引人入胜的活动,并就如何更好地观星给出建议。 1.B　上文“You don’t need to be an astronomer with a giant telescope to enjoy a simple but spellbinding activity: stargazing.”说明想要享受观星这一活动不需要有巨大的望远镜,它很简单。B项“只要晚上出去抬头看看。”介绍简单的观星方法,承接上文,符合题意。故选B。 2.C　上文“For the best results, choose a clear night when the moon is not very bright.”说明观星时,月亮不要太亮。C项“你应该避开满月。”承接上文,符合题意。故选C。 3.E　上文“The best places for stargazing are open, hilly areas or the coast.”说明了观星的最佳地点。下文“It is our home galaxy stretching across the night sky and is best seen in summer and fall evening skies.”介绍了银河系的相关信息。E项中的the Milky Way表示“银河系”,是关键词。E项“在这些地方,你可以寻找银河系。”承上启下,these places代指上文提到的open, hilly areas or the coast。故选E。 4.F　下文“That is camping in a national park under a star-filled sky.”说明体验观星的更好的方式就是在星空下的国家公园里露营。F项“体验这一伟大奇迹的更好的方式是什么?”提出问题,引出下文的答案,符合题意,和下文构成一问一答。故选F。 5.A　上文“You might want to take a camera with you as well, so you can take a photo if you see something amazing in the sky. A whole new world comes alive at night and is waiting to be explored.”介绍为观星这一活动所做的准备。A项中的prepared是关键词,A项“为上空的奇迹做好准备。”承接上文,符合题意。故选A。 ⅢOne possible version: Outer space explorations, yes or no? Outer space explorations have been a heated discussion, about which different people have different opinions. Some think it important to research the outer space. First of all, people can get a better understanding of the outer space through their exploration. Second, new resources can be found there for human beings. Third, these explorations can possibly discover new living space for humans in the near future. However, others are strongly against it, believing that it takes so much money to do this kind of exploration, which is not worth the value. Besides, it is very dangerous for astronauts to do such work in the outer space. In my opinion, people should be pioneers, and therefore explorations of the outer space are worth trying. 训练2 Ⅰ文章大意： 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了宇航员Irwin在登上月球时携带着朋友寄来的火山岩并把它放在了月球上的故事。 1.B　 根据上下文语境可知,在宇航员成功登上月球之前,他们在Bend接受训练。make it (to…)为固定短语,意为“获得成功,到达”,符合句意。故选B。 2.D　 根据上文的“Before the astronauts ever…it to the moon, they trained in Bend.”及下文的“…Irwin was…for the Apollo 15 moon landing.”可知,Jim Irwin是一名宇航员,来到Bend接受登月训练。故选D。adventure冒险; research研究;amusement消遣; practice练习,训练。 3.A　 根据下文的“…who was the building inspector for the city.”可以推断Floyd Watson应该是当地居民。故选A。local当地的; aggressive好斗的,有进取心的; gifted有天赋的; academic学术的。 4.B　 根据下文的“When the news that his old friend would go to the moon came to Watson’s…”可知,Irwin被选去执行登月任务。故选B。carry out实施; pick out挑选出; rule out排除,阻止; check out核实,查证。 5.C　 根据下文Watson给好朋友写信及信的内容可知,此处表示Watson得知了这一消息。come to one’s knowledge意为“被某人知道”。故选C。sense感觉; rescue营救; knowledge知识,知晓; assistance援助。 6.A　 根据空后的in paper及下文“Then he posted it to Irwin with a letter…”可推测出是用纸将火山岩包起来。故选A。envelop包住,裹住; measure测量; design设计; transform改变。 7.C　 根据上文“When the news that his old friend would go to the moon came to Watson’s…”可知,Watson写信提出请求的同时应该是祝贺Irwin。故选C。thank感谢; welcome欢迎; congratulate祝贺; follow跟着。 8.D　 根据上文“…near Devil’s Lake, and…it in paper.”可知,火山岩能被包在纸里,体积一定不大。最后一段的with the small piece of Oregon lava也是提示。故选D。huge巨大的; valuable有价值的; unique独特的; tiny小的。 9.B　 根据空后的to the moon及下文的“I did carry your piece of lava to the moon and left it there…”可知,应是将火山岩运送到月球上去。故选B。fly飞; deliver运送; orbit沿轨道运行; float浮动。 10.C　 根据下文的“…Watson got an unexpected letter from Irwin.”可知,Watson对这件事并没有太在意。think little of意为“不在意”。故选C。 11.D　 根据语境可知,Irwin和其他两人前往月球。故选D。escape逃脱; rush冲; wander闲逛; journey(尤指长途)旅行。 12.B　 根据上文“A few months later, on July 26, 1971, Irwin…to the moon with David Scott and Alfred Worden.”可知,Irwin和其他两个人去了月球,结合后文“…Watson got an unexpected letter…”可知,此处是指从月球上回来了。故选B。arrival到达; return返回; application应用; campaign运动。 13.C　 根据下文中的the letter and the picture可知,Irwin 随信还附了一张有火山岩的照片。故选C。postcard明信片; drawing图画; photo照片; note笔记。 14.D　 mark在此处是动词,意为“做标记,做记号”,be marked with意为“用……标注”。此处指用箭头和文字标注火山岩。故选D。 15.B　结合上文内容Watson让Irwin把火山岩带到月球上和下文的“And, of course, he never looked at the moon the same way again.”可知,对Watson来说信和照片是非常珍贵的。故选B。reliable可靠的; precious珍贵的; permanent永久的; realistic实际的。 Ⅱ文章大意： 本文是一篇新闻报道,报道了中国正在研制新一代运载火箭,以便将宇航员送上月球,该项目将于2030年完成。 1.to send 　考查非谓语动词。本空在句中作目的状语,故应用动词不定式形式。 2.held　考查非谓语动词。本空在句中作定语,动词hold和被修饰词Airshow China之间为被动关系,故本空应用过去分词形式。 3.was displayed 　考查动词时态及语态。本句描述的是过去的事情,且句子主语a model of the rocket和动词display之间是被动关系,故本空应用一般过去时的被动语态。 4.its 　考查代词。本空修饰名词core,故应用形容词性物主代词作定语。 5.powerful　考查形容词。本空修饰名词launch vehicle,故应用形容词作定语。 6.with 　考查介词。根据句子结构和意思可知,此处使用了with的复合结构,补充说明运载火箭的相关情况。故填with。 7.weighing　考查非谓语动词。本空在句中作定语,被修饰名词three space station modules和动词weigh之间为主动关系,故本空应用现在分词形式。 8.the 　考查冠词。空后名词new rocket for manned missions表示特指,故本空应用定冠词the。 9.which 　考查定语从句。本空引导非限制性定语从句,先行词是a new crewed capsule and a lunar lander,本空在从句中作主语、指物,故本空应用关系代词which。 10.significantly 　考查副词。本空修饰动词boost,故应用副词significantly。 Ⅲ 详解 1.段落续写: ①由第一段首句内容“我耸耸肩,然后(听到)宣布艾伦获得了一等奖。”和第二段首句内容“我既惊讶又激动地走上舞台。”可知,第一段可描写艾伦获得一等奖,在艾伦读自己的作文时,父母被感动了,以及作者获得了二等奖。 ②由第二段首句内容“我既惊讶又激动地走上舞台。”可知,第二段可描写作者走上舞台读自己的作文,爸爸很感动,作者也感悟到做父亲的儿子就已经足够了。 2.续写线索:宣布艾伦获得一等奖—艾伦读作文—父母感动—作者感觉自己没获奖让父母失望了—宣布作者获得二等奖—作者上台读作文—爸爸感动—作者感悟 One possible version: I shrugged and then the first prize winner—Ellen was announced. Though deep down, I didn’t want to win just because my father was an astronaut, I was relieved and disappointed at the same time at the news. When Ellen read to the end(时间状语从句), I heard a chorus of praise and saw tears running down my parents’ face(see+宾语+宾补结构). Somehow, a mixed feeling welled up in me. Will Dad feel disappointed? Maybe I should have written about being the son of an astronaut. Then the second prize winner was announced. To my amazement, it was me! Surprised and thrilled, I went up to the stage. Taking a deep breath(现在分词短语作状语), I started to read my essay “My father’s son” . “He is a great astronaut. But more importantly, he is a great father to me.” Upon my finishing reading, the auditorium thundered with applause. When I went back to my seat(时间状语从句), Dad put his hand on my shoulder. “Son, this is the proudest moment of my life,” he almost sobbed. It was the proudest moment of my life, too. Maybe I’ll never be a great hero, but just then, it was enough just to be my father’s son(it作形式主语). 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $