UNIT 5 EDUCATION Section Ⅴ Lesson 3-【正禾一本通】2025-2026学年高二英语选择性必修2同步课堂高效讲义配套课件（北师大版）

UNIT 5　 EDUCATION 主题语境：人与社会——教育 Section Ⅴ Lesson 3 内容索引 语基讲练　提能力 4 语篇研读　细梳理 1 语篇助解　释疑难 2 语基自查　固根基 3 课时测评 5 语篇研读　细梳理 返回 Step One：Pre-reading Look at the picture and answer the following question. Which of the following may help you acquire knowledge more effectively？ ·to be interested in the topic ·to ask questions ·to discuss topics with friends ·to be relaxed and happy ·to have time to think about what you have learnt ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ With the development of science and technology，there are many ways for a person to acquire knowledge.Of course，I believe that the effective acquisition of knowledge requires the following ways：to be interested in the topic；to ask questions；to have time to think about what you have learnt. Step Two：While-reading √ Ⅰ.Read for the main idea What’s the main idea of the text？ A．Francis Bacon was going against the views of his day. B．Galileo Galilei was great to prove the Earth is not the centre of the universe. C．The Earth is not the centre of the universe and it doesn’t move round the sun in a perfect circle，either. D．People should question more because great men，even Aristotle and Galilei，might make mistakes. Ⅱ.Match the main idea with each paragraph Para.1 A．Some great men in history using this type of thinking were not supported，but punished. Para.2 B．We should thank the great men of the past for their wisdom. Para.3 C．A type of analysis. Para.4 D．Why people didn’t approve of this type of thinking？ Para.5 E．Our understanding of the world around us is constantly growing and changing. Ⅲ.Read for the structure acquire observe consider analysis religion ignore unwilling respected vital beneficial Ⅳ.Read for details 1．How do we tend to gain the answer to a question nowadays？ A．By thinking about the questions. B．By testing each question. C．By searching the Internet. D．By studying the facts. 2．Galileo Galilei is mentioned in Paragraph 2 to show us that people at that time ． A．believed more in the church than in facts B．hated to gain knowledge like Francis Bacon C．disliked working in King James’ royal court of England D．challenged what they had always comfortably believed √ √ 3．Why was Galileo Galilei put in prison？ A．Because he was seen as the father of astronomy. B．Because he proved the Earth is the centre of the universe. C．Because he inspired many great scientists and philosophers. D．Because he proved Aristotle wrong，which made people angry. 4．What do Bacon and Galilei have in common？ A．Both contributed a lot to the world. B．Both worked in the royal court of England. C．Neither went against the conventional thought. D．Neither fought for knowledge and understanding. √ √ Ⅰ.难句解构 1．教材原句：At that time，people believed more in the church than in facts，and people like Galileo Galilei(1564—1642)，who proved the idea that “the Earth is not the centre of the universe”，were often punished by the church with no one coming to their defence. 结构分析：此句为_____句，由and连接两个_____句。其中who引导_____________从句。 汉语翻译：______________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ Step Three：Post-reading 复合 并列 非限制性定语 那时人们相信教会胜过相信事实，像伽利略·伽利莱(1564－1642)那样证明了“地球不是宇宙中心”的人，往往会被教会惩罚，也没有人会为他们辩护。 2．教材原句：It is not surprising that people wanted to believe these primitive ideas as they had been put forward by the great philosopher Aristotle (384—322 BCE). 结构分析：此句为_____句。其中that引导_____从句，as引导_________从句。 汉语翻译：______________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ 复合 主语 原因状语 人们愿意相信那些陈旧的观点一点也不奇怪，因为那是伟大的哲学家亚里士多德(公元前384—公元前322)提出的。 Ⅱ.佳句仿写 1．教材佳句　At first，people approved of his studies and urged him to continue，but later when he proved Aristotle wrong，they grew angry and put him in prison.(动作、心理描写) 学后仿写　比尔看着查理，满怀羞愧地低下了头。 Looking at Charlie，______________________________. 2．教材佳句　In other words，we learn more every day and none of us can ever sit back and say，“We know it all.”(语言描写) 学后仿写　“这是玛雅的秘密，”希尔达大笑着说。 “____________________，” Hilda said with a big smile. Bill lowered his head full of shame This is Maya’s secret Ⅲ.品质升华 1．What do you think the last sentence of the text means？(Critical Thinking批判性思维) _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2．What is your opinion about the way to acquire knowledge？(Creative Thinking创造性思维) _________________________________________________________________________________________ Compared with all the money in the world，knowledge and understanding of the world benefit individuals and all mankind. It is a good way because this process makes the acquisition of knowledge easier and more manageable. 返回 语篇助解　释疑难 返回 ①obvious/'ɒbviəs/adj.显然的，明显的；易理解的 It is obvious that...……是显而易见的；易理解的 ②be used to (doing)...习惯于(做)……(to是介词) 原文呈现 名师圈点 Understanding Who questions much，shall learn much，and remember much. —Francis Bacon It seems obvious① now how we acquire knowledge and understanding.[1]To start with，we need questions.Then，to find answers，we observe the world around us and study the facts.After that，we consider possible answers and test each to find the right ones.Although today we are more used to② ③analysis/ə'nælɪsɪs/n.分析 原文呈现 名师圈点 typing a few key words into a search engine and waiting for the Internet to give us an answer，modern scientists and thinkers are still solving the world’s problems with this type of analysis③—luckily for us. [1] It作形式主语，how引导的从句是真正的主语。 ④suggest在本句中意为“表明”，其后的宾语从句用陈述语气。但如果suggest在句中意为“建议”，其后的宾语从句要用虚拟语气，即谓语动词用“(should＋)动词原形”形式。 ⑤go against违反，违背 ⑥hold an important rank占据重要的地位 rank/ræŋk/n.等级 ⑦royal court宫廷 royal/'rɔɪəl/adj.皇家的；王室的 ⑧day-to-day adj.日常的，每天的 相当于daily 原文呈现 名师圈点 However，in the 17th century when Francis Bacon (1561—1626) suggested④ that this type of thinking was the way to gain knowledge，he was going against⑤ the views of the day.Although Bacon held an important rank⑥ in King James’ royal court⑦ of England，his true interest was not the day-to-day ⑧ ， slow and ⑨inefficient/ˌɪnɪ'fɪʃənt/adj.效率低的 [派生词]in-(否定前缀，表示“不，无，非”)＋efficient(adj.效率高的)→inefficient ⑩worthy/'wɜːði/adj.有价值的；值得尊敬的 universe/'juːnɪvɜːs/n.宇宙 原文呈现 名师圈点 inefficient⑨ working style of the government，but the worthy⑩ search for knowledge.This was certainly not the interest of most people in his days. At that time，people believed more in the church than in facts，and people like Galileo Galilei (1564—1642)，who proved the idea that “the Earth is not the centre of the universe” [2]，were often punished by the church with no one [2]who引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Galileo Galilei；that引导同位语从句，解释名词idea的内容。 come to one's defence为某人辩护 tend to do sth往往会做某事 原文呈现 名师圈点 coming to their defence [3].The church and many people tended to ignore the facts and didn’t want to challenge what they had always comfortably believed.In fact，when Galilei proved that the Earth was not the centre of the universe，instead of believing him，people chose to believe views that were almost 2，000 years old! [3]此处是with复合结构，在句中作状语。no one与come之间是逻辑上的主谓关系。 primitive/'prɪmətɪv/adj.原始的 put forward提出 BCE(before Common Era)公元前 approve/ə'pruːv/vt.赞成；赞许；批准 approve of...赞同…… urge/ɜːdʒ/vt.强烈要求；敦促 urge sb to do sth敦促某人做某事 原文呈现 名师圈点 It is not surprising that people wanted to believe these primitive ideas[4] as they had been put forward by the great philosopher Aristotle (384—322 BCE).He said that the Earth must be the centre of the universe because it felt like the Earth was standing still. Galilei disagreed. At first，people approved of his studies and urged him to continue，but later when he proved Aristotle wrong，they grew angry and put him in [4]It 是形式主语，that引导的从句是真正的主语。 prison/'prɪzən/n.监狱 put sb into/in prison把某人送进监狱 abandon/ə'bændən/vt.放弃；抛弃 assumption/ə'sʌmpʃən/n.假定，假设 make the assumption that...作出……假设 make assumptions about...对……作出假设 assume vt.假设 respected/rɪ'spektɪd/adj.受尊敬的，受敬重的 原文呈现 名师圈点 prison. They didn’t want to abandon what they’d always thought as true. And this is still often true today. People make the assumption that if someone important and respected says that something is right，then it must be so. [5] But even [5]本句是主从复合句。第一个that引导同位语从句，说明assumption的具体内容；第二个that引导宾语从句，作动词says的宾语 at times有时，偶尔 astronomy/ə'strɒnəmi/n.天文学 astronomer n．天文学家 原文呈现 名师圈点 though Aristotle was a great man who inspired many great scientists and philosophers after him，he was wrong at times. And Galilei also made mistakes. He is now known as the father of astronomy but he believed that the Earth moved round the sun in a perfect circle. He was wrong. in other words换句话说(相当于to put it differently) wisdom/'wɪzdəm/n.智慧 原文呈现 名师圈点 Therefore，our understanding of the world around us is constantly growing and changing.In other words ，we learn more every day and none of us can ever sit back and say，“We know it all.” We need to thank the great men of the past for their wisdom.They understood that we don’t know everything and probably never will，for that would mean a world without questions. owe/əʊ/vt.有……是由于；把……归功于 owe...to...把……归功于…… shadow/'ʃædəʊ/n.阴影 conventional/kən'venʃənəl/adj.守旧的；传统的 conventional thought传统思想 kingdom/'kɪŋdəm/n.王国 civilisation/ˌsɪvəlaɪ'zeɪʃən/n.文明 原文呈现 名师圈点 We owe so much of our knowledge and understanding of the world to people like Bacon and Galilei，who were brave enough to step out from the shadows of conventional thought in order to find the kingdom of knowledge that today’s civilisation is built upon.These men knew that knowledge and understanding are things to fight for； more vital/'vaɪtl/adj.极其重要的，必不可少的 beneficial/ˌbenɪ'fɪʃəl/adj.有利的，有帮助的 be beneficial to...对……有利 mankind/ˌmæn'kaɪnd/n.人类 原文呈现 名师圈点 vital to a man，and more beneficial to mankind ，some might say，than all the money in the world. All truths are easy to understand once they are discovered；the point is to discover them. —Galileo Galilei 理解 多问，多学，多得。 ——弗朗西斯·培根 今天，如何获取知识与理解，人人皆知。首先，我们需要问题。然后，为了寻找答案，我们观察周围的世界并研究相关事实。之后，我们思考可能的答案并逐个验证，以找到正确答案。尽管我们现在更习惯于在搜索引擎中敲几个关键词，等待互联网为我们提供答案，但当代科学家、思想家仍采用这种分析方式来解决问题——我们应该为此感到庆幸。 译文参考 然而，17世纪时，弗朗西斯·培根(1561—1626)表明这种思考方式是获取知识的途径时，他的观点却与当时的观念背道而驰。尽管培根在英国国王詹姆斯的宫廷中位高权重，但他真正感兴趣的不是政府日复一日、拖拉、低效的工作作风，而是那些值得探索的知识。当然，探索知识并不是他那个时代大多数人的兴趣所在。那时人们相信教会胜过相信事实，像伽利略·伽利莱(1564—1642)那样证明了“地球不是宇宙中心”的人，往往会被教会惩罚，也没有人会为他们辩护。教会和许多人往往忽视事实，不愿意去挑战他们一直以来安逸相信的东西。事实上，当伽利莱证明地球不是宇宙的中心时，人们没有选择相信他，而是选择相信2 000年前的陈旧观点！ 人们愿意相信那些陈旧的观点一点也不奇怪，因为那是伟大的哲学家亚里士多德(公元前384—公元前322)提出的。亚里士多德认为地球必定是宇宙的中心，因为人们感觉地球是静止不动的。伽利莱不同意。起初，人们认可他的研究成果，催促他继续研究，但是后来当他证实亚里士多德有错时，他们生气了，并把他送进了监狱。他们并不想放弃自己一直认为正确的知识。如今这种现象也很常见。人们认为，如果一个重要的、受人尊敬的人说某件事是对的，那么这件事一定是对的。但即使是亚里士多德这样曾鼓舞了许多后继的伟大科学家和哲学家的伟大人物，有时也会犯错。伽利莱自己也犯过错。虽然他现在被称为天文学之父，但他认为地球绕太阳旋转的轨迹是一个正圆。他错了。 因此，我们对周围世界的认识在不断地增长、变化。换句话说，我们每天都在学习更多的知识，谁也不能停止学习并且说：“我们什么都知道了。”我们需要感谢先辈伟人的智慧。他们早就知道，人不可能什么都懂，而且或许永远都不会知道所有的事情，也就是说世界总是充满问题的。 我们对世界的认识和理解，很大程度上要归功于像培根和伽利莱这样的人，正是他们足够勇敢地走出了传统思想的阴影，才找到了构建当今文明的知识王国。这些伟人懂得，知识和(对世界的)认识才是值得追求的；一些人可能会说，和全世界的金钱相比，这些对个人而言更重要，对全人类而言更有益。 所有的真理一旦被发现，都很容易理解。最难的是发现真理。 ——伽利略·伽利莱 返回 语基自查　固根基 返回 阅读单词——识记 1．a church tower　　　　　 ____________ 2．primitive beliefs ____________ 3．be released from prison ____________ 4．the history of mankind ____________ 5．the United Kingdom ____________ 教堂塔楼 原始的信仰 被释放出狱 人类的历史 联合王国 核心单词——练通 1．officers of senior _____ 高级军阶的军官 2．the ______ Society for the Protection of Birds 皇家鸟类保护协会 3．_____ Congress to approve plans 敦促国会批准计划 4．____ his success to hard work　　 他的成功归功于勤奋工作 5．cast a ________ on the water　　　　 在水面上投下一片影子 6．___________ morality 传统的道德规范 7．the technology of modern __________ 现代文明的技术 8．play a ____ role in our society 在我们的社会中起着极其重要 的作用 rank Royal urge owe shadow conventional civilisation vital 拓展单词——用活 1．________ adj.显然的，明显的；易理解的 →obviously adv.明显地 2．________ n．分析 →analyse vt.分析 3．__________ adj.效率低的 →efficient adj.效率高的 4．________ vt.批准；赞成；赞许 →approval n．赞成；批准 5．________ vt.强烈要求；敦促 →urgent adj.紧急的；急迫的 →urgency n．紧急；催促 obvious analysis inefficient approve urge 6．________ vt.放弃；抛弃 →abandoned adj.被抛弃的 7．__________ n．假定，假设 →assume vt.假定；设想 8．_________ adj.受尊敬的，受敬重的 →respect n.&vt.尊重；尊敬 9．________ n．智慧 →wise adj.明智的，充满智慧的 10．_________ adj.有利的，有帮助的 →benefit n．益处；好处 abandon assumption respected wisdom beneficial 规律方法 1．规律：动词后跟-al变成名词 approve vt.批准；赞成；赞许＋-al →approval n．赞成；批准 例如：arrival n．到达，抵达 revival n．复兴，复活 survival n．幸存，生存 refusal n．拒绝 规律方法 2．规律：名词后跟-cial/-tial变成形容词 benefit n．益处；好处＋-cial →beneficial adj.有利的，有帮助的 例如：influential adj.有影响力的 financial adj.财政的，金融的official adj.官方的，正式的 racial adj.种族的，人种的　　 重点短语——再现 第一组　汉译英 1．违背　　　　　　　　　 ____________ 2．提出 ____________ 3．同意…… ____________ 4．把……归功于…… ____________ 5．对……有好处 ______________ 6．对……极其重要 ____________ go against put forward approve of owe...to... be beneficial to be vital to 第二组　英译汉 7．to start with ____________ 8．come to one’s defence ____________ 9．put...into prison _______________ 10．at times ____________ 11．sit back _________________ 12．fight for... ____________ 休息；不采取行动 为……而战 首先，第一 为某人辩护 把……送进监狱 有时 典型句式——默背 1．句型公式　with复合结构 教材原句　At that time，people believed more in the church than in facts，and people like Galileo Galilei (1564－1642)，who proved the idea that “the Earth is not the centre of the universe”，were often punished by the church ______________________________ (没有人会为他们辩护). 2．句型公式　It is not surprising that...“……不足为奇” 教材原句　____________________ (这一点并不奇怪)people wanted to believe these primitive ideas as they had been put forward by the great philosopher Aristotle (384－322 BCE). with no one coming to their defence It is not surprising that 3．句型公式　that引导同位语从句 教材原句　People make the assumption _____________________________ _______________________________________________ (如果一个重要的、受人尊敬的人说某件事是对的，那么这件事一定是对的). 返回 that if someone important and respected says that something is right，then it must be so 语基讲练　提能力 返回 Ⅰ. 核心词汇练全 worthy adj.有价值的；值得尊敬的 (教材原句)Although Bacon held an important rank in King James’ royal court of England，his true interest was not the day-to-day，slow and inefficient working style of the government，but the worthy search for knowledge.尽管培根在英国国王詹姆斯的宫廷中位高权重，但他真正感兴趣的不是政府日复一日、拖拉、低效的工作作风，而是那些值得探索的知识。 1 归 纳 (1)be worthy of being done/to be done …… 值得做 (2)worth adj. 值得；有价值 be worth＋钱数/名词 值得……，值…… be (well)worth doing (很)值得做(主动形式表示被动意义) (3)worthwhile adj. 值得花时间/金钱/精力的 It’s worthwhile to do/doing 做……是值得的　　 单句语法填空/选词填空/一句多译 ①From our point of view， it is well worthwhile ________________ (attend) this lecture to learn more about the latest scientific research. ②This article is well ______ reading，but it is not _______of being translated. So I feel that all your effort isn’t __________.(worthy/worth/worthwhile) to attend/attending worth worthy worthwhile ③毫无疑问，这个展览真的是一场视觉盛宴，非常值得参观。 →Undoubtedly，the exhibition is really a great feast for the eyes and ________________．(worth) →Undoubtedly，the exhibition is really a great feast for the eyes and __________________________________．(worthy) →Undoubtedly，the exhibition is really a great feast for the eyes and ________________________．(worthwhile) well worth visiting well worthy to be visited/of being visited worthwhile visiting/to visit 归 纳 approve vt.赞成；赞许；批准 (教材原句) At first，people approved of his studies and urged him to continue，but later when he proved Aristotle wrong，they grew angry and put him in prison.起初，人们认可他的研究成果，催促他继续研究，但是后来当他证实亚里士多德有错时，他们生气了，并把他送进了监狱。 (1)approve sth　　 批准某事 approve of (doing) sth 赞成/同意(做)某事 (2)approval n. 赞成；同意；批准 get one’s approval 　 得到某人的同意　　 2 单句语法填空/一句多译 ①I would appreciate it if you could provide me with your report and ________ (approve). ②Most of the employees don’t approve ____ the new policy of reducing vacation time. ③She approves of his ________(study) abroad to further his education， but hopes he will keep in touch regularly. approval of studying ④她满脸通红，生气地喊道，“我不同意你今年离开学校。” →She blushed and shouted angrily，“I don’t _________________________ this year.”(approve of sb/one’s doing sth ) →She blushed and shouted angrily，“I don’t ________________________ _______ this year.”(give approval to ...) →She blushed and shouted angrily，“I don’t ________________________ ___________ this year.”(meet with sb’s approval) 温馨提示　“赞成/同意某人做某事”不可说成approve sb to do sth，因为approve用作“同意；赞成”时是不及物动词，所以应该用approve of sb/one’s doing sth，其中介词of后是动词-ing形式的复合结构。 approve of your leaving school give approval to your leaving meet with your approval to school leave school urge vt.强烈要求；敦促 (教材原句) At first，people approved of his studies and urged him to continue，but later when he proved Aristotle wrong，they grew angry and put him in prison.起初，人们认可他的研究成果，催促他继续研究，但是后来当他证实亚里士多德有错时，他们生气了，并把他送进了监狱。 3 归 纳 (1)urge sb to do sth　 催促某人做某事 urge that...(should) do sth 极力主张……做某事 (2)urge n. 强烈的欲望，冲动 have an urge to do sth 渴望做某事 (3)urgent adj. 紧急的；迫切的 It is urgent that...(should) do sth 极力主张……做某事 (4)urgency n. 紧急；催促　　 单句语法填空/一句多译 ①At that ______ (urge) moment， a police car sped towards the crime scene. ②Immediate action is required to cope with the _______(urgent) of food shortage. ③Hearing the beautiful melody， she felt so touched that she had an urge ______(sing) along. urgent urgency to sing ④随着考试的来临，老师敦促我们努力学习。 →Our teacher ____________________ with the exam drawing near.(urge sb to do sth ) →Our teacher ___________________________ with the exam drawing near. (urge that) 温馨提示　urge后跟that从句时或在句型It is urged that ...中，that从句中谓语动词用虚拟语气，即“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略。 urges us to study hard urges that we (should)study hard 归 纳 abandon vt.放弃；抛弃 (教材原句)They didn’t want to abandon what they’d always thought as true. 他们并不想放弃自己一直认为正确的知识。 (1)abandon doing sth　 放弃做某事 abandon oneself to doing sth 沉湎于做某事；放纵(感情)于做某事 (2)with abandon 纵情；放任地 (3)abandoned adj. 废弃的；放纵的 be abandoned to... 沉湎于……　　 4 单句语法填空/完成句子 ①When she returned to her hometown， she found that the old school was dilapidated and __________ (abandon). ②They can swim and dive _____ abandon in the clear sea water， leaving behind all the stress from work. ③I will never abandon __________(improve) my English skills because I hope to communicate freely with foreigners. ④那些自暴自弃的人无法成功。 Those who ____________________ despair can not succeed. abandoned with improving abandon themselves to 归 纳 assumption n．假定，假设 (教材原句)People make the assumption that if someone important and respected says that something is right，then it must be so.人们认为，如果一个重要的且受人尊敬的人说某件事是对的，那么这件事一定是对的。 (1)assume vt.　　　 假定，假设；认为 assume ...to be ... 认为……是…… assume (that) ... 认为…… It is (generally) assumed that ... 人们(普遍)认为…… (2)make an assumption 　 认为，假定 on the assumption that ... 假定……，假设…… (3)assuming (that) ... 　 假定……　　 5 单句语法填空/句式升级 ①We should assume her _____ (be) reliable until we find evidence to the contrary. ②___ is commonly assumed that a healthy diet is essential for maintaining good health. ③Many students make the __________ (assume) that getting good grades is the only way to prove their abilities. ④_________ (assume) it was a friend coming to surprise me， I prepared a big smile and opened the door excitedly. ⑤People assume that what they do has little effect on the environment. →_________________________________________________________(it作形式主语) to be It assumption Assuming It is assumed that what people do has little effect on the environment. owe vt.有……是由于；把……归功于 (教材原句)We owe so much of our knowledge and understanding of the world to people like Bacon and Galilei，who were brave enough to step out from the shadows of conventional thought in order to find the kingdom of knowledge that today’s civilisation is built upon.我们对世界的认识和理解，很大程度上要归功于像培根和伽利莱这样的人，正是他们足够勇敢地走出了传统思想的阴影，才找到了构建当今文明的知识王国。 6 归 纳 (1)owe sb an apology 欠某人一个道歉 owe sb sth＝owe sth to sb 欠某人某物 (2)owe...to... 把……归功于…… owe it to sb that... 多亏某人…… (3)owing to 因为；由于　　 单句语法填空/完成句子 ①Wherever we are today，we owe ____ to our parents who have given and taught us so much. ②Upon receiving the championship trophy， he said he owed the victory ___ his coach and teammates. ③_______(owe) to a technical problem， the concert had to be postponed until next week. ④斯蒂芬吃了面条，觉得自己欠了店主一些东西。(动作、心理描写) Stephen ate the noodles，feeling that he _____________________________. ⑤“我知道，”她说，“但我欠你一个道歉。”(语言描写) “I know，” she said，“But it was I that ___________________.” it to Owing owed something to the shop owner owed you an apology beneficial adj.有利的，有帮助的 (教材原句)These men knew that knowledge and understanding are things to fight for；more vital to a man，and more beneficial to mankind，some might say，than all the money in the world.这些伟人懂得，知识和(对世界的)认识才是值得追求的；正如一些人所言，和全世界的金钱相比，这些对个人而言更重要，对全人类而言更有益。 7 归 纳 (1)be beneficial to... 对……有益(to为介词) (2)benefit v. 有利于，对……有益 n. 益处，好处 benefit from... 从……中获益；得益于 be of benefit to... 对……有益(to 为介词) for the benefit of sb＝ for one’s benefit 为了某人的利益　　 单句语法填空/一句多译 ①As is known to all， experiences are the stepping stones to success， _____ which we benefit greatly during our growth. ②Actually， outdoor activities are _________ (benefit) and relaxing for office workers. ③As we all realize， learning a foreign language is beneficial _____ communicating with people from different countries. from beneficial to ④此外，了解唐朝的历史将对你了解中国文化大有裨益。 →In addition，knowing the history of the Tang Dynasty ______________ _________________________ of Chinese culture.(benefit n．) →In addition，knowing the history of the Tang Dynasty __________________ _________________ of Chinese culture.(benefit v．) →In addition，knowing the history of the Tang Dynasty _______________ ___________________________ of Chinese culture.(beneficial) 词汇助记 It is of great benefit to share your feelings with someone you trust，which is also beneficial to your mental health.与你信任的人分享你的感受是非常有益的，这也有利于你的心理健康。 will be of great benefit to your understanding will greatly benefit your understanding will be greatly beneficial to your understanding 认知深化 1．一词多义——approve A．v.批准，通过(计划、要求等)　B．v.赞成，赞许 ①I told my mother I wanted to leave school but she didn’t approve. ____ ②The committee unanimously approved the plan. ____ 2．熟词生义 ①The tasks have been ranked in order of difficulty. _________ ②He had an urge to open a shop of his own. ___________________　　 B A v.分等级 n.冲动；强烈的欲望 Ⅱ.典型句式讲透 句型公式：with复合结构 (教材原句)At that time，people believed more in the church than in facts，and people like Galileo Galilei (1564－1642)，who proved the idea that“the Earth is not the centre of the universe”，were often punished by the church with no one coming to their defence. 那时人们相信教会胜过相信事实，像伽利略·伽利莱(1564—1642)那样证明了“地球不是宇宙中心”的人，往往会被教会惩罚，也没有人会为他们辩护。 归 纳 “with no one coming to their defence”是with 复合结构，在句中作状语。 with复合结构如下： (1)with＋宾语＋doing(表主动或正在进行的动作) (2)with＋宾语＋done(表被动或已完成的动作) (3)with＋宾语＋to do(表示将来的动作) (4)with＋宾语＋介词短语/形容词/副词　　 单句语法填空/完成句子 ①With the door ______ (lock) tightly， she couldn’t get into the room. ②With so many guests __________(entertain)， the host was quite busy in the kitchen. ③在一些路人的帮助下，我们设法把它搬走了。 ____________________________，we managed to remove it. ④我父亲含着泪珠回忆起和我祖父一起度过的快乐时光。 My father recalled the happy years spent with my grandfather _____________ _____． locked to entertain With some passers-by helping us with tears in his 返回 eyes 课时测评 返回 语境基础练 维度一　根据汉语意思及首字母提示填入单词的适当形式(每小题1分，共10分) 1．I am interested in reading books about ancient __________ (文明). 2．Her father’s illness cast a _______ (阴影) over her wedding ceremony. 3．The findings are arranged in _____ (等级) order according to performance. 4．These disasters made everyone sad and disappointed，but the desire to explore the ________ (宇宙) never died. 5．There is no doubt that the castle belonging to the _____ (皇家的) family has witnessed too much coming and going in history. civilisations shadow rank universe royal 6．The tourists climbed up to the top of the _______(教堂) tower to get a better view of the entire city. 7．We should arouse the awareness of people that the ocean resources are very _____(极其重要的) to us. 8．The new era sees China moving closer to center stage and making greater contributions to ________ (人类). 9．This problem is w______ to be considered by all. 10．Despite some difficulties，they’re not going to a_______ the plan. church vital mankind orthy bandon 维度二　单句语法填空(每小题1分，共5分) 1．We all study hard，fighting ____ a better future. 2．His parents didn’t approve ___ his going abroad alone. 3．He urged his teammates _______ (carry) out the plan as soon as possible. 4．_________ (obvious)，his advice is of great help to our study. 5．Mr.Wang gave us a complete ________ (analyse) of the world situation in the scientific field. for of to carry Obviously analysis 维度三　完成句子(每小题5分，共10分) 1．显而易见，你生活中所有的不同部分都是紧密相连的。 _____________________ all the different parts of your life are deeply connected.(it作形式主语) 2．我们相信，通过这次比赛，你一定能发挥出你的才能。 We hold the belief _____________________________________ through this contest. (that引导同位语从句) It seems/is obvious that that you may display your wonderful talents 维度四　教材知识迁移(每小题1分，共10分) 阅读下面新情景，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 1．___ seems obvious now how we acquire knowledge and understanding. 2．_______(start) with，we need questions.Then，3．_______(find) answers，we observe the world around us and study the facts.After that，we consider possible answers and test each to find the right 4．______ (one). Modern scientists and thinkers are still solving the world’s problems 5．_____ this type of analysis. It To start to find ones with Our understanding of the world around us is 6．_________ (constant) growing and changing.In other words，we learn more every day.We need to thank the great men of the past for 7．_____(they) wisdom.They understood that we don’t know everything and probably never will，as this would mean a world with questions.We owe so much of our knowledge and understanding of the world 8．___ people like Bacon and Galilei，who were brave enough to step out from the shadows of 9．___________ (convention) thought in order to find the kingdom of knowledge that today’s civilisation 10．_______(build) upon. constantly their to conventional is built Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题5分，共35分) A (2025·天津和平高二上期末) I’m standing in a class of wild 14-year-old girls as they throw paper and howl (大声喊叫) with laughter. They won’t listen to me. I was 22 and I didn’t know what I was doing. I never wanted to teach. I wanted to be a writer. But when I arrived in London， they were short of teachers. My efforts at teaching were hopeless. When the bell finally rang， I rushed to the staff room， red with anger. The other teachers weren’t surprised. “That’s 4B， the worst class in school，” one said. 素能提升练 I dreaded our next meeting， but I couldn’t give up. I needed the job. So， I abandoned formal lessons. Instead， I brought topics for class discussions. One of the liveliest talks was about the arguments they had with their parents. They paid attention and shared about their lives. I was fascinated (入迷的). So I had them write about themselves. Most wrote about families with little money and big problems. As time went on， their essays became a bridge between us. I admired their humor， toughness (坚韧) and insight， and I think they appreciated my interest in their lives. The musical My Fair Lady was playing in the West End， but they had never seen a live stage performance. They lived just a few subway stops from the West End， but none had ever been. I asked if they’d like to see the musical. They thought I was joking. No teacher had ever suggested taking them out. A few weeks later， 4B and I were sitting in a theater. They loved the music， the costumes and the characters. It was the highlight of their year， and they talked about it for days. Near the end of the semester， someone knocked on the door of the staff room. The two most rebellious (叛逆的) girls in 4B were there — with flowers. I was proud to know I had touched their lives， but they had also touched mine. I enjoyed teaching and getting along with teenagers. When I returned to Australia several years later， I still wanted to be a writer. For the first time in my life， I stopped dreaming and started writing. My first story was titled My Fair Ladies. Teaching wasn’t the end of my writing career； it was the beginning. 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者22岁时因伦敦缺教师而从教，起初在4B班的教学一团糟，后来通过改变教学方式，作者与学生建立了联系，带学生去看音乐剧，学期末还收到了学生送的花。几年后作者回国开始写作，这段教学经历成为其写作生涯的开端。 1．How was the author’s first class in 4B at the beginning？ A．It was a complete mess. B．It was quite boring. C．It was lively and interesting. D．It was full of discussions. √ 细节理解题。根据第一段“I’m standing in a class of wild 14-year-old girls as they throw paper and howl (大声喊叫) with laughter. They won’t listen to me.”可知，一开始作者的课堂非常混乱，学生们不守纪律。故选A项。 2．What happened after the students began to write essays？ A．They had fewer arguments with their parents. B．They gradually learned to do argumentative writing. C．Their writing skills improved with the author’s help. D．The author’s relationship with her students improved. √ 细节理解题。根据第六段中“As time went on， their essays became a bridge between us. I admired their humor， toughness (坚韧) and insight， and I think they appreciated my interest in their lives.”可知，学生们开始写文章后，作者与她们的关系逐渐改善。故选D项。 3．What can we infer from the last three paragraphs？ A．The author was popular with the students’ parents. B．The author has become a famous writer. C．The author started to write because she was bored with teaching. D．The author’s teaching experiences benefited her writing. √ 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“For the first time in my life， I stopped dreaming and started writing. My first story was titled My Fair Ladies. Teaching wasn’t the end of my writing career； it was the beginning.”可知，作者首次写作的内容是关于这群自己教过的学生的，这开启了她的写作生涯。由此可知，作者的教学经历使她的写作受益匪浅。故选D项。 B (2025·河北秦皇岛高二期末) Since our earliest school days，we generally accept the idea that some people learn faster than others.However，according to a new study，we actually learn at very similar rates given the same opportunities. Researchers looked at 1.3 million “student interactions” across a variety of learning software tools used by 6，946 learners，ranging from late elementary students to college students.The gathered statistics covered a variety of learning tasks. The data showed that academic performance gaps come from differences in the starting point of learning，the learning opportunity and access to such opportunity，rather than any learning rate.“This further confirms that educational technologies can provide favorable learning conditions that make it easier to learn something new，like a second language，” says Ken Koedinger，a psychologist at Carnegie Mellon University in Pennsylvania. “We have all seen cases where somebody gets to a learning outcome sooner than a peer，” says Koedinger.“But what we don’t usually track is where they started.Our results are not contradicting that people end up in different places，but accounting for the fact that where students are starting from can tell us a lot about where they will end up.” The team suggests that our brains can take different “mental routes” to learn something，which means our learning rates aren’t too different.Given the same opportunities，we can all get to the same point in the way that best suits our experiences and knowledge. This is useful in figuring out the best ways to pass on knowledge.Though many factors work together when it comes to learning，the researchers want to emphasize that we’re all capable of learning. “No matter who you are，you can make it，”says scientist Paulo Carvalho from Carnegie Mellon University.“You might have had fewer prior opportunities in your life，so it may be harder at first than it is for other people.But you will make just as much progress as anyone else as long as you hold on to your learning.” 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项新的研究，该研究表明，人们在相同的学习机会下，学习速度非常相似。 4．How did the researchers carry out their study？ A．By doing online surveys. B．By introducing a concept. C．By collecting data on learners. D．By conducting experiments. √ 推理判断题。根据第二段内容可知，该研究的开展是通过收集学习者的数据的方式开展的。故选C。 5．What causes academic performance gaps according to the study？ A．The learning rate. B．The learning outcome. C．The learning task. D．The learning opportunity. √ 细节理解题。根据第三段中“The data showed that academic performance gaps...rather than any learning rate.”可知，研究表明，学习机会导致学业成绩差距。故选D。 6．What are we supposed to do according to the new study？ A．Stick to our learning goals wherever we start. B．Take different routes to learn something new. C．Try every means to increase our learning rate. D．Seek learning opportunities at a very young age. √ 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“You might have had fewer prior opportunities...anyone else as long as you hold on to your learning.”可知，新研究建议无论我们从哪里开始，都要坚持我们的学习目标，就会取得和别人一样大的进步。故选A。 7．What is the best title for the text？ A．How Can You Learn Something Faster？ B．What Is Behind Your Learning Progress？ C．Why Is The Achievement Gap Growing？ D．Where Is Our Starting Point Of Learning？ √ 标题归纳题。通读全文，尤其根据第三段中“The data showed that academic performance gaps...rather than any learning rate.”可知，文章介绍了一项新的研究，该研究表明，人们在相同的学习机会下，学习速度非常相似。研究人员通过观察学习软件工具的130万个学生互动情况，发现学术表现差距主要来自学习起点和学习机会的差异，而不是学习速度。因此，研究人员强调，无论你是谁，你都有能力学习。只要坚持学习，你将取得与他人一样的进步。由此B选项“你学习进步的背后是什么？”最适合作文章标题，故选B。 Ⅱ.阅读七选五(每小题2分，共10分) (2025·河北石家庄一中期末) Do you remember what it is like to be a kid？ 1 Wake up.Get dressed.Brush your teeth.Eat your breakfast.Get in the car.Go to school.Sometimes kids listen to the instructions，but sometimes they don’t.And when they don’t，that can be very depressing for parents.So how can parents get their kids to act accordingly？ One strategy widely recommended by children’s health professionals is to engage your child in “special time”．For at least 5 minutes a day，join your child in activities like playing with dolls—anything that doesn’t have a right or wrong way to play.Don’t ask questions or give commands. 2 It gives your child a chance to interact with you without the stress of having to follow directions，which in turn strengthens the bond between you. Research has shown that this kind of playtime can be helpful in treating disruptive (捣乱的) conduct in children.According to a 2017 review of literature，special time has long been regarded as an “effective prevention for many emotional and behavioral difficulties” since it was developed in the 1970s. 3 If you’re ready to try special time with your child，keep these in your mind.Repeat back some of what they say.If they say “and it crashes，” you’re going to say “and it crashes.” The repetition shows your child you understand them and that you’re listening. 4 Rather than saying “good job，” because kids hear that all day long，say “I love the way you stack (堆) those blocks high.” 5 But give it a week or two，and you’ll find that your child won’t want it to end.The best way to find out if something is good or successful is to test it yourself. A．This is your child’s time to be in charge. B．So much of the day is directed by adults. C．Show enthusiasm while playing with your child. D．The practice often feels awkward for adults at first. E．Give your child specific praise as you play together. F．It increases the closeness between your child and you. G．It’s also been shown to boost concentration and social skills in children. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了几种父母可以让孩子按照指令采取相应的行动的方法。 Do you remember what it is like to be a kid？_______________________ _________________ Wake up.Get dressed.Brush your teeth.Eat your breakfast. Get in the car.Go to school.Sometimes kids listen to the instructions，but sometimes they don’t.And when they don’t，that can be very depressing for parents.So how can parents get their kids to act accordingly？ 上文“Do you remember what it is like to be a kid？”为问句；下文“Wake up.Get dressed...but sometimes they don’t.”讲述了作为孩子，一天中按照指示所做的具体事项。B项“一天中的大部分时间都是由成年人指挥的。”既是对上文问句的回答，又呼应下文的“Sometimes kids listen to the instructions，but sometimes they don’t.”。故选B。 B．So much of the day is directed by adults. One strategy widely recommended by children’s health professionals is to engage your child in “special time”．For at least 5 minutes a day，join your child in activities like playing with dolls—anything that doesn’t have a right or wrong way to play.Don’t ask questions or give commands. ____________ _____________________________ It gives your child a chance to interact with you without the stress of having to follow directions，which in turn strengthens the bond between you. A．This is your child’s time to be in charge. 上文“For at least 5 minutes a day...Don’t ask questions or give commands.”为祈使句，是建议；下文“It gives your child a chance...strengthens the bond between you.”为上文建议的意义和好处。A项“这是你孩子做主的时候了。”中This指代上文的建议，且与下文同为意义和好处。故选A。 Research has shown that this kind of playtime can be helpful in treating disruptive (捣乱的) conduct in children.According to a 2017 review of literature，special time has long been regarded as an “effective prevention for many emotional and behavioral difficulties” since it was developed in the 1970s. __________________________________________________________ ________ 上文“Research has shown that this kind of playtime can be helpful in treating disruptive (捣乱的) conduct in children.”为研究结果，说明这种游戏时间的好处。G项“它还被证明可以提高儿童的注意力和社交能力。”中It指代上文中的“this kind of playtime”，且also进一步说明另一研究结果：还可以提高儿童的注意力和社交能力。故选G。 G．It’s also been shown to boost concentration and social skills in children. If you’re ready to try special time with your child，keep these in your mind.Repeat back some of what they say.If they say “and it crashes，” you’re going to say “and it crashes.” The repetition shows your child you understand them and that you’re listening. ___________________________ _______________________ Rather than saying “good job，” because kids hear that all day long，say “I love the way you stack (堆) those blocks high.” 下文“Rather than saying ‘good job，’ because kids hear that all day long，say ‘I love the way you stack (堆) those blocks high.’”为举例说明具体的建议。E项“当你们一起玩的时候，给孩子具体明确的表扬。”为作者给出的建议。故选E。 E．Give your child specific praise as you play together. _____________________________________________But give it a week or two，and you’ll find that your child won’t want it to end.The best way to find out if something is good or successful is to test it yourself. 上文“Rather than saying ‘good job，’ because kids hear that all day long，say ‘I love the way you stack (堆) those blocks high.’”为作者给出的建议；下文“But give it a week or two，and you’ll find that your child won’t want it to end.”为转折句，孩子不想结束，说明是成功的。D项“一开始，这种做法通常会让成年人感到尴尬。”中The practice指代上文的建议，且说明缺点，照应下文的转折句，即使成年人一开始会尴尬，但是孩子喜欢。故选D。 D．The practice often feels awkward for adults at first. Ⅲ.语法填空(每小题2分，共20分) (2025·吉林高二上期中) A research team led by Guo Songtao， professor at the Northwest University in China， is developing 1．______ is called “Tri-AI”， a system with facial recognition and other technologies 2．__________(identify) golden snub-nosed monkeys (川金丝猴)，which are a protected species living in the Qinling Mountains in Northwest China. Now， the system can detect， track and recognize individual animals from videos and images，3．________(make) all-time monitoring animals possible. “In the past few years， machine learning 4．_________________ (employ) to recognize species， but accurate individual recognition is the first step to do in animal behavior analysis and animal protection，” Guo told Global Times，noting the system enables researchers to achieve this goal. what to identify making has been employed Early 5．___， to monitor and track a particular animal， researchers usually used radio collars (无线电项圈) to mark 6．___. But this method often injures the animal or is easy to be bothered by bad weather， leaving the researchers with the challenge of 7．________ (tackle) the task of identifying the one they want to track among a group of animals in the wild. With the facial recognition technology 8．_______(adopt) on animals， it may be 9．_________(incredible) easier to ensure the 10．________(secure) of animals than 10 years ago. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国西北大学教授郭松涛领导的一个研究小组正在开发一个利用面部识别和其他技术来识别川金丝猴的系统。 on it tackling adopted incredibly security 1．答案：what 2．答案：to identify 考查宾语从句。空处引导宾语从句。从句中缺少主语，表示“……的东西”，所以用what引导该从句。故填what。 考查非谓语动词。空处需要动词不定式作目的状语，表示“为了识别生活在西北秦岭山脉的川金丝猴”。故填to identify。 3．答案：making 4．答案：has been employed 考查非谓语动词。空处需要用动词-ing形式作结果状语，表示自然而然的结果。故填making。 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。空处为句子的谓语动词。根据时间状语“In the past few years”可知，句子为现在完成时态，主语和该动词之间为被动关系，应用现在完成时的被动语态，且主语为machine learning，谓语动词用单数形式。故填has been employed。 5．答案：on 6．答案：it 考查介词。early on“在早期”，为固定搭配。故填on。 考查代词。此处应用代词it，指代上文提到的a particular animal，作宾语。故填it。 7．答案：tackling 8．答案：adopted 考查非谓语动词。空处需要动词-ing形式作介词of的宾语。故填tackling。 考查非谓语动词。本题考查with复合结构，即“with＋宾语＋宾语补足语”，在句中作状语。所以空处需要用非谓语动词作宾语补足语，该动词和宾语之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词作宾语补足语。故填adopted。 9．答案：incredibly 10．答案：security 考查副词。空处需要用副词修饰后面的形容词easier 。故填incredibly。 考查名词。根据空前的the可知，空处需要用名词作宾语。secure的名词形式security“安全”。故填security。 返回 谢 谢 观 看 UNIT 5　 EDUCATION 返回 $