Unit 5 Section Ⅳ Lesson 2（Word教参）-【精讲精练】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第二册（北师大版）

本高中英语讲义聚焦重点词汇、短语及句式三大核心知识点，系统梳理33个核心与拓展词汇（含词形变化如critical→critically）、5个重点短语及why引导表语从句，通过“即学活用”模块衔接词汇用法与高考真题实例，构建从基础积累到语境应用的学习支架。 该资料以语境化教学为特色，通过经典佳句与高考真题例句（如2024全国甲卷书面表达）帮助学生在真实情境中理解词汇，提升语言能力。“句式转换”“语法填空”等练习设计，培养学生分析与应用的思维品质，课中辅助教师高效授课，课后助力学生自主查漏补缺，强化学习能力。

Section Ⅳ　Lesson 2 [对应学生用书P68] Ⅰ.重点词汇 ◎核心单词 1．objective n.目的，目标 adj.客观的 2．gain vt.获得，赢得，取得；受益 3．well­rounded adj.多面的，全面的 4．pursue vt.追求 5．cognition n.认识，认知 6．core adj.核心的 7．insight n.洞察力；顿悟 8．civil adj.文明的，有礼貌的；公民的 9．integrity n.正直，诚实；完整 10．moral adj.道德(上)的 11．economics n.经济学 12．regardless (of) adv.不管；不顾 13．circumstance n.境况，状况；情况，情形 14．citizen n.公民 15．initiative n.主动性 16．brilliant adj.聪颖的，才华横溢的 ◎拓展单词 17．critical adj.批评的；批判的→critically adv.危急地；严重地→uncritical adj.不批评的；不加批评的→uncritically adv.无鉴别力地；不加批评地 18．acquire vt.获得；取得→acquisition n.获得，习得 19．contribute vi.&vt.奉献，捐献→contribution n.贡献；捐献 20．finance n.金融；财政→financial adj.金融的；财政的 21．expose vt.使接触；使体验；使暴露；揭露→exposed adj.暴露的；无掩蔽的→exposure n.暴露；揭露 22．surround vt.包围；环绕→surrounding adj.四周的，附近的→surroundings n.环境 23．judge vt.断定；判断→judgement n.判断力；意见，评价；判决 24．behave vi.表现→behavior n.行为；举止 25．conclude vt.&vi.推断出；结束→conclusion n.结论 26．define vt.定义；解释→definition n.定义，释义 27．respective adj.分别的；各自的→respectively adv.各自地 28．responsible adj.有责任的；负责的→responsibility n.责任 29．prior adj.优先的；在前的→priority n.优先处理的事；优先权 30．stimulate vt.刺激，促使，促进→stimulation n.刺激；激励；鼓舞 31．autonomy n.自治；自治权；自主→autonomous adj.自主的；自治的 32．demonstrate vt.展示；说明→demonstration n.示范；表达；实证 33．assess vt.评价→assessment n.评价；评估；评定 Ⅱ.重点短语 1．contribute to 促成 2．be exposed to 裸露于 3．regardless of 不管，不顾 4．in conclusion 最后 5．have the responsibility to 有责任…… Ⅲ.句式语境 why引导表语从句 That's why students need to have clear learning goals for themselves and to learn how to analyse，compare and evaluate what is taught. 这就是为什么学生需要为自己制定明确的学习目标，并学习如何分析、比较和评估所教的内容。 [对应学生用书P69] [重点词汇] 1．contribute vi.& vt.奉献，捐献 (1)contribute...to...　向……捐赠/投稿…… contribute to　对……做出贡献；促成；　有助于(to是介词) (2)contributor n.　投稿者；捐助者 (3)contribution n.　贡献，捐献，捐助；稿件 　 make a contribution to (doing)...　为……做出贡献(to是介词) [经典佳句]　 And I will also try my best to make a contribution/contributions to the society.I firmly believe that a bright future is waiting for us.(应用文之演讲稿) 我也会尽我最大的努力为社会作出贡献。我坚信一个美好的未来正在等待着我们。 [即学活用]　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①Zheng remarked that during her stay in Wuhan，Yu was the coach who contributed most significantly to her progress. ②(2024·浙江1月卷)Be sure to schedule set times to watch your lectures，read materials and contribute to online discussion boards. ③Tu Youyou has become the first female scientist of the People's Republic of China to receive a Nobel Prize，awarded for her contribution(contribute) to the fight against malaria，one of the deadliest diseases in human history.(译林必修三U4) ④(2024·全国甲卷，书面表达)因此，我们需要努力学习，为交通运输的进一步发展做出贡献。 Therefore，we need to study hard and make a contribution to the further development of transportation． 2．expose vt.使接触；使体验；使暴露；揭露 (1)expose sb to sth　使某人接触/体验某事物 expose sth/sb/oneself to＝be exposed to...　使面临/遭受(危险或不快) (2)exposure n.　暴露；揭露 [经典佳句]　 When you come to China，you can be exposed to the Chinese language and the Chinese culture. 当你来到中国时，你可以接触到中国语言和中国文化。 [即学活用] 单句语法填空/句式转换 ①The engineers are also trying to develop an on and off “switch” where the glow would fade when exposed(expose) to daylight. ②In the circumstances，it's time for a spacewalk.First，we put on our spacesuits，which allow us to breathe in space and protect us from exposure(expose) to the cold and radiation.(译林选必三U2) ③If you expose yourself to the sunlight for a long time in summer，you will get sunburnt. →Exposing yourself to the sunlight for a long time in summer, you will get sunburnt.(现在分词短语作状语) →Exposed to the sunlight for a long time in summer，you will get sunburnt.(过去分词短语作状语) 3．surrounding adj.四周的，附近的 (1)surround vt.　包围，围绕 surround sb/sth with sb/sth　某人/某物被某人/某物围绕/包围 be surrounded by/with...　被……包围；周围是…… (2)surroundings n.　环境(常用复数) [经典佳句]　 It attracts travellers to come over to cycle and walk through the surrounding forests. 它吸引游客来这里骑自行车和步行穿过周围的森林。 [即学活用]　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①(2023·浙江1月卷)In the Ming Dynasty，the center was the Forbidden City，surrounded (surround) in concentric (同心的) circles by the Inner City and Outer City. ②(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷) In addition，there's no need for pesticides and other chemicals that pollute traditional farms and the surrounding(surround) environment. ③(2023·全国甲卷)There was once a town in the heart of America where all life seemed to enjoy peaceful co­existence with its surroundings (surround). ④当他看到从河里升起的薄雾和环绕山顶的轻云时，他不禁泪流满面。(读后续写之情感描写) When he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds surrounding the mountain tops，he was reduced to tears. 4．judgement n.判断力；意见，评价；判决 (1)judge n.　法官；审判员；裁判员 　 　vt.　判断；审判；裁判 as far as I can judge　据我判断；我认为 judge that...　断定…… judge sb to be...　认为某人是…… (2)judging from/by...　根据……来判断 [经典佳句]　 Judging from/by the story，it is only shallow people who judge a person from/by his appearance.(读后续写之主旨升华) 从这个故事判断，只有肤浅的人才会以貌取人。 [即学活用]　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①Judging (judge) from the above story，we can draw the conclusion that we shouldn't judge a man by/from his looks.(读后续写之主旨升华) ②Though journalists are committed to presenting the truth，it is better to use our own judgement(judge) than rely entirely on news reports.(译林选必二U1) ③我写信邀请您担任6月15日在我们学校举办的英语演讲比赛的评委。 (应用文之邀请信) I'm writing to invite you to be a judge at our English Speech Contest to be held in our school on 15 June. 5．behave vi.表现 (1)behave well/badly　行为规矩/不规矩；表现好/不好 behave oneself　守规矩；表现得体 (2)well­behaved/badly­behaved adj.　表现好/差的 (3)behaviour n.　举止；行为 [经典佳句]　 People believing in freedom are those who behave within the laws and value systems. 信仰自由的人是那些行为以法律和价值体系为准则的人。 [即学活用]　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①The child behaved so well in class that the teacher praised his good behaviour in front of the class.(behave) ②规矩点，你应该为你妹妹树立一个好榜样。 Behave yourself．You should be setting your little sister a good example. ③强烈建议你参加晚宴时要举止得体。作为一位举止得体的客人，你不应该把筷子插在食物里，或者用筷子指着其他人。 (应用文之传统习俗) It is highly recommended that you (should) behave yourself when attending feasts.As a well­behaved guest，you shouldn't stick your chopsticks in the food or point them at others. [重点句型] (教材原句)That's why students need to have clear learning goals for themselves and to learn how to analyse，compare and evaluate what is taught. 这就是为什么学生需要为自己制定明确的学习目标，并学习如何分析、比较和评估所教的内容。 (1)That's because...那是因为……(because从句表示原因) (2)The reason why...is/was that...……的原因是……(表语从句常用that引导，而不用because) [句式分析]　This/That is why...为表语从句的常用句型结构，意为“这/那就是……的原因”，用来表示结果。 [即学活用]　单句语法填空/一句多译 ①(2024·全国甲卷)Your cat will likely smell your face and store the smell in its memory and use it to recognize you in the future.That's why most pet cats are able to tell immediately if their owners were around any other cats，which they don't usually like. ②From space，the earth looks blue.This is because about seventy­one percent of its surface is covered by water. ③The reason why he has been so successful is that he never gives up. ④(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷，读后续写)我没对这次比赛做充分的准备，这是我不想参加比赛的原因。 a．The reason why I am unwilling to take part is that you haven't made full preparations for this writing contest. b．You haven't made full preparations for this writing contest,that's why I am unwilling to take part． c．You are unwilling to take part，that's because you haven't made full preparations for this writing contest. [对应学生用书P72] Ⅰ.单词拼写 1．In 1967，the Chinese government formed a team of scientists with the objective (目标)of discovering a new treatment for malaria，and Tu Youyou was among the first researchers chosen.(人教选必一U1) 2．(2025·全国二卷)I really enjoy my work here.I put in effort for 5 years to gain(获得) more experience，but there seems no hope of being promoted. 3．I got a taste of victory and learned to pursue(追求) my dream with perseverance，whatever difficulties might arise.(读后续写之主旨感悟) 4．I'm also grateful for your showing me around the town，which has given me a deeper insight(深入的了解) into the local culture and history. 5．(2024·全国甲卷，听力)—I know you can watch movies on the space station.What's your favorite space movie? Some people asked. —Apollo 13 is probably my top one.My sons love Blue Earth.It was brilliant (很好的)watching the new movie on board the space station. 6．The concept took off，and today Guangzhou's restaurants stimulate(刺激) customers' appetite with over a thousand offerings，each more delicate and delicious than the last.(译林选必一U1) 7．(2023·全国甲卷)So many of us have the belief that being comfortable is the only state we will tolerate，and when we experience something outside of our comfort zone，we get impatient about the circumstances (境遇). 8．These updates should assess (评估) the impact of new information and events. 9．(2025·浙江1月卷)Allowing kids to eat what they want also exposes (使暴露)them to the natural consequences of their decisions. 10．The surrounding (周围的)villages have been absorbed into the growing city. Ⅱ.单句语法填空 1．But now，I'm wondering what you think is the most critical(critic) part of journalism. 2．We are asked to put great emphasis on the acquisition (acquire) of practical skills. 3．He had been hanging around aimlessly in the surrounding (surround) town for the whole day. 4．A graduate with a sound judgement (judge) is more competitive in the future job market. 5．(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)Taking responsibility (responsible) for mistakes is a positive step，but don't beat yourself up about them. 6．The two boys have taken the opposite directions respectively (respective) for exploring the right path to the exit. 7．(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷) It should give you a precise definition(define) of each word，thus differentiating it from other words whose meanings are similar，but not identical. 8．(2025·浙江1月卷)“People are stereotyping (形成刻板印象) their gendered objects in very traditional ways，” says Ashley Martin，a Stanford associate professor of organizational behavior(behave). 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $