Unit 5 Section Ⅲ Grammar（Word练习）-【精讲精练】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第二册（北师大版）

[对应知能达标训练P19] Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．I'll have my bike repaired (repair) tomorrow. 2．The teacher got the students to look (look) up all the words they didn't know. 3．Mom，I don't have anything to do (do) right now.Do you have anything to be typed (type)? 4．I'll get my hair cut (cut) tomorrow. 5．It's bad for you to leave the water running (run) when you brush teeth. 6．The guest left most of the dishes untouched (touch). 7．I can't make myself understood (understand). 8．You must get the work done (do) by Friday. 9．He got his fingers caught (catch) in the door. 10．Yesterday I got stuck (stick) in the traffic jam. 11．I had my washing machine fixed (fix). 12．I have had my room cleaned (clean). 13．Please get someone to repair the washing machine.I want to get it repaired as soon as possible.(repaire) 14．Mary can have her body checked (check) in the hospital. 15．Let the work be done (do) immediately. Ⅱ.语段语法填空 The other day，Thomas，my husband，told me that he would buy an old Army truck. “Don't you ever want to do normal things like other men? Play golf on Saturdays，and...” “That's no fun.Life's too short to live like everybody else.Besides，the truck will be a great advertisement.I'll get the business name and our phone number 1.printed (print) on the side.” At five o'clock in the afternoon，I heard a low thunder.I looked out of the window.The Army truck was much 2.worse (bad) than I'd imagined.I was speechless. Thomas invited me for a ride.I didn't have it in me 3.to say (say) no.Thomas turned right onto a main road，having us 4.exposed (expose) to the curious expressions of onlookers.I didn't blame them.We were silly.I 5.looked (look) for something I could crawl under.But then though the truck made a terrible thunder，neighbours smiled and waved.Nobody laughed at us.Just the opposite，I could see excitement shining in their eyes.This truck was something different and interesting.With new 6.appreciation (appreciate) for my man and our Army truck，I sat taller and waved to our neighbours 7.proudly (proud). 8．If he were just like me — reserved — imagine how dull our lives would be! Ⅰ.阅读理解 A (2024·浙江1月卷)The Stanford marshmallow (棉花糖) test was originally conducted by psychologist Walter Mischel in the late 1960s.Children aged four to six at a nursery school were placed in a room.A single sugary treat，selected by the child，was placed on a table.Each child was told if they waited for 15 minutes before eating the treat，they would be given a second treat.Then they were left alone in the room.Follow­up studies with the children later in life showed a connection between an ability to wait long enough to obtain a second treat and various forms of success. As adults we face a version of the marshmallow test every day.We're not tempted(诱惑)by sugary treats，but by our computers，phones，and tablets—all the devices that connect us to the global delivery system for various types of information that do to us what marshmallows do to preschoolers. We are tempted by sugary treats because our ancestors lived in a calorie­poor world，and our brains developed a response mechanism to these treats that reflected their value—a feeling of reward and satisfaction.But as we've reshaped the world around us，dramatically reducing the cost and effort involved in obtaining calories，we still have the same brains we had thousands of years ago，and this mismatch is at the heart of why so many of us struggle to resist tempting foods that we know we shouldn't eat. A similar process is at work in our response to information.Our formative environment as a species was information­poor，so our brains developed a mechanism that prized new information.But global connectivity has greatly changed our information environment.We are now ceaselessly bombarded(轰炸)with new information.Therefore，just as we need to be more thoughtful about our caloric consumption，we also need to be more thoughtful about our information consumption，resisting the temptation of the mental “junk food” in order to manage our time most effectively. [语篇解读]　这是一篇议论文。文章通过20世纪60年代一项针对孩子的棉花糖实验引出作者观点——身处网络时代，我们每天都受到大量信息的诱惑，要学会做有选择的信息消费者。 1．What did the children need to do to get a second treat in Mischel's test? A．Take an examination alone. B．Show respect for the researchers. C．Share their treats with others. D．Delay eating for fifteen minutes. 解析：D　细节理解题。根据第一段对Mischel的棉花糖实验的介绍中的“Each child was told if they waited for 15 minutes before eating the treat，they would be given a second treat.”可知，孩子们如果等待15分钟再吃糖，就会得到第二份奖励，故选D。 2．According to paragraph 3，there is a mismatch between ． A．the calorie­poor world and our good appetites B．the shortage of sugar and our nutritional needs C．the rich food supply and our unchanged brains D．the tempting foods and our efforts to keep fit 解析：C　细节理解题。根据题干中“mismatch”这一关键词将答案定位在第三段的最后一句话“But as we've reshaped the world around us，dramatically reducing the cost and effort involved in obtaining calories，we still have the same brains we had thousands of years ago，and this mismatch is at the heart...we shouldn't eat.”由此句可知，我们获取热量所需付出的成本和努力大大减少，也就是说现在我们能够轻易获取充足的食物了，但是我们的大脑仍然和数千年前一样，因此这两者之间是不匹配的，A项“热量匮乏的世界和我们的好胃口”；B项“糖分的缺乏和我们的营养需求”；C项“充足的食物供应和我们一成不变的大脑”；D项“诱人的食物和我们为保持健康所做的努力”。故选C。 3．What does the author suggest readers do? A．Absorb new information readily. B．Be selective information consumers. C．Use diverse information sources. D．Protect the information environment. 解析：B　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Therefore...we also need to be more thoughtful about our information consumption，resisting the temptation of the mental‘junk food’ in order to manage our time most effectively.”可知，作者建议我们要谨慎地对待信息消费，抵制那些对我们的精神健康有害的信息诱惑，以达到高效管理时间的目的。因此可推断出，作者建议读者要做有选择的信息消费者，A项“欣然接受新信息”；C项“使用多样化的信息源”；D项“保护信息环境”。故选B。 4．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．Eat Less，Read More B．The Bitter Truth about Early Humans C．The Later，the Better D．The Marshmallow Test for Grown­ups 解析：D　文章主旨大义题。本文围绕棉花糖实验展开，从最初针对幼儿园孩子的测试引入，说明棉花糖对孩子的影响，再类比到成人身上，阐述了在充斥着各类信息的信息大环境下，我们成年人也应该要学会抵制不良信息带来的诱惑，做一个有选择的信息消费者，因此文章重点介绍了成人面临的“棉花糖实验”，故选D。 B (2025·湖南高二上期中)Sara Thompson showed great effort in getting a degree in teaching，something that not many students can do.She was very happy when she finished school at the State University of New York at Buffalo，and she was the first in her big family to get a college degree. Sara grew up with eight other brothers and sisters on a farm in Buffalo，New York.Her dad had a job that wasn't on the farm，and her mom took care of the farm with the kids.Upon graduating from high school，Sara went to a school close by to learn skills，and she worked part­time to pay for her classes because her family didn't have extra money for college.After she finished that school，she kept working to help her younger brothers and sisters pay for their education. Now，Sara is married and has three kids.She decided to go back to school to get a better job and to help her family better，while doing something she really likes: teaching.She chose the program at the State University of New York at Buffalo because it was close to her home.She could drive to her classes and be back home in the evening to take care of her kids.Sara's family helped her a lot while she was studying: her husband worked extra jobs to pay for things，and her mom，who was 65，sometimes looked after the kids. Even though it was hard，she did well in school and graduated with good grades.Sara had to give up some things to reach her goal，like spending time with her kids and attending important family events.“There were nights when it was very hard to choose between being with my kids and studying for tests or writing papers，” she says.But her kids learned a lot from seeing their mom get her degree.Sara is the first in her family to graduate from college，and she is a great example for her family — she shows that you can do anything if you work hard. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Sara Thompson通过自身努力获得教学学位，成为家族中第一个大学毕业生，并为了家庭和孩子选择就近上学，最终成功毕业且给家人树立了榜样的故事。 5．What did Sara do after high school? A．She worked with her dad. B．She funded her own education. C．She managed the farm alone. D．She taught her brothers and sisters. 解析：B　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Upon graduating from high school，Sara went to a school close by to learn skills，and she worked part­time to pay for her classes because her family didn't have extra money for college.(高中毕业后，Sara去附近的一所学校学习技能，她兼职支付学费，因为她的家庭没有多余的钱供她上大学。)”可知，Sara高中毕业后自己支付学费。故选B。 6．Why did Sara choose the Buffalo program? A．To save money for her family. B．To learn from top teachers. C．To find a high­paying job. D．To care for her kids easily. 解析：D　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“She chose the program at the State University of New York at Buffalo because it was close to her home.She could drive to her classes and be back home in the evening to take care of her kids.(她选择了纽约州立大学布法罗分校的课程，因为它离她家很近。她可以开车去上课，晚上回家照顾孩子)”可知，Sara选择布法罗分校是为了方便照顾孩子。故选D。 7．What did Sara give up for her studies? A．Her health. B．Her social life. C．Her family time. D．Her career chances. 解析：C　细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Sara had to give up some things to reach her goal，like spending time with her kids and attending important family events.(Sara为了达成目标不得不放弃一些东西，比如和孩子相处以及参加重要的家庭活动。)”可知，Sara为了学习放弃的是和家人相处的时间。故选C。 8．What's the lesson we can learn from Sara's story? A．Effort brings rewards. B．Time equals money. C．Love overcomes all. D．Schooling is key to success. 解析：A　推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中的“But her kids learned a lot from seeing their mom get her degree.Sara is the first in her family to graduate from college，and she is a great example for her family — she shows that you can do anything if you work hard.(但她的孩子们从看到妈妈获得学位中学到了很多。Sara是家族中第一个大学毕业生，她是家人的好榜样——她表明，如果你努力，你可以做任何事。)”可推知，从Sara的故事中我们可以学到努力就会带来回报。故选A。 Ⅱ.七选五 (2025·贵州高二上期中)Chinese are very generous when it comes to educating their children.Not caring about the money，parents often want to send their children to the best schools or even abroad to England，the United States and Australia. 1 The Chinese believe that the more expensive an education is，the better it is.So parents will spend an unreasonable amount of money on education. 2 However，what most parents fail to see is that the best early education given to their children is usually very cheap. 3 Some children are very skilled in some areas while poor in others.What most parents fail to realize though，is that today's children are badly off for self­respect and self­confidence.The problem is that parents are only educating their children on how to take multiple­choice tests and how to study well，but parents are not teaching them the most important skills that they need to be confident，happy and clever. 4 For example，teaching a child to cook will improve many of the skills that he will need later in life.Cooking requires patience and time.It is an enjoyable but difficult experience.A good cook always tries to improve his cooking，so he will learn to work hard and gradually finish his job successfully step by step.The result，a well­cooked dinner，will give him much satisfaction and lots of self­confidence. Some old machines，such as a broken radio or TV set that you give your child to play with will make him curious and arouse his interest.He will spend hours looking at them，trying to repair them. 5 These activities are not only teaching a child to read a book，but rather to think，to use his mind.And that is more important. A．Parents can see that their children's skills differ. B．Parents can achieve this by teaching practical skills. C．The more cost in education，the better the result will be. D．Your child might become an engineer when he grows up. E．Thus，parents usually think computers are more convenient for kids' learning. F.For instance，even poor couples will buy a computer for their son or daughter. G．They also want their children to take extra­course activities to get a head start in life. [语篇解读]　这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国人教育的特点以及建议。 1．解析：G　根据上文“Chinese are very generous when it comes to educating their children.Not caring about the money，parents often want to send their children to the best schools or even abroad to England，the United States and Australia.(中国人在教育孩子方面非常慷慨。父母往往不关心钱，想把孩子送到最好的学校，甚至出国去英国、美国和澳大利亚。)”以及后文“The Chinese believe that the more expensive an education is，the better it is.So parents will spend an unreasonable amount of money on education.(中国人认为教育越贵越好。所以父母会在教育上花费不合理的钱。)”可知，本句与前后并列，都是在说明中国人教育孩子的做法。故G选项“他们还希望他们的孩子参加课外活动，以便在生活中取得领先地位”符合语境，故选G。 2．解析：F　根据上文“The Chinese believe that the more expensive an education is，the better it is.So parents will spend an unreasonable amount of money on education.(中国人认为教育越贵越好。所以父母会在教育上花费不合理的钱。)”可知，本句承接上文，举例说明中国父母在教育上不合理花费的例子。故F选项“例如，即使是贫穷的夫妇也会给他们的儿子或女儿买一台电脑”符合语境，故选F。 3．解析：A　根据后文“Some children are very skilled in some areas while poor in others.What most parents fail to realize though，is that today's children are badly off for self­respect and self­confidence.The problem is that parents are only educating their children on how to take multiple­choice tests and how to study well，but parents are not teaching them the most important skills that they need to be confident，happy and clever.(有些孩子在某些方面很熟练，而在其他方面很差。然而，大多数父母没有意识到的是，如今的孩子缺乏自尊和自信。问题是，父母只教育孩子如何参加选择题考试和如何学好，而没有教他们自信、快乐和聪明所需要的最重要的技能。)”可知，后文提到了有些孩子在某些方面很熟练，而在其他方面很差，说明父母需要看到孩子的技能所在。故A选项“父母可以看出孩子们的技能不同”符合语境，故选A。 4．解析：B　根据后文“For example，teaching a child to cook will improve many of the skills that he will need later in life.Cooking requires patience and time.It is an enjoyable but difficult experience.A good cook always tries to improve his cooking，so he will learn to work hard and gradually finish his job successfully step by step.The result，a well­cooked dinner，will give him much satisfaction and lots of self­confidence.(例如，教孩子做饭会提高他以后生活中需要的许多技能。烹饪需要耐心和时间。这是一种愉快而又艰难的经历。一个好的厨师总是试图提高他的烹饪，所以他会学会努力工作，逐步成功地完成他的工作。结果，一顿煮得很好的晚餐，会给他带来很大的满足感和自信心。)”可知，后文给出了做饭的例子，做饭属于生活中的实用技能。故B选项“父母可以通过传授实用技能来达到这个目的”符合语境，故选B。 5．解析：D　根据上文“Some old machines，such as a broken radio or TV set that you give your child to play with will make him curious and arouse his interest.He will spend hours looking at them，trying to repair them.(一些旧的机器，如坏了的收音机或电视机，你给你的孩子玩会使他好奇，引起他的兴趣。他会花几个小时看着它们，试图修复它们。)”可知，上文提到孩子喜欢修理机器，推测本句是在预测孩子未来可以从事的职业。故D选项“你的孩子长大后可能成为一名工程师”符合语境，故选D。 Ⅲ.语法填空 (2023·全国甲卷)For thousands of years，people have told fables (寓言) 1. (teach) a lesson or to pass on wisdom.Fables were part of the oral tradition of many early cultures，and the well­known Aesop's fables date to the 2. (six) century B．C.Yetthe form of the fable still has values today，3. Rachel Carson says in “A Fable for Tomorrow.” Carson uses a simpledirect style common to fables.In fact，her style and tone (口吻) are seemingly directed at children.“There was once a town in the heart of America，4. all life seemed to enjoy peaceful co­existence with its surroundings，” her fable begins，5. (borrow) some familiar words from many age­old fables.Behind the simple style，however，is a serious message 6. (intend) for everyone. 7． (difference) from traditional fables，Carson's story ends with an accusation instead of a moral.She warns of the environmental dangers facing society，and she teaches that people must take responsibility 8. saving their environment. The themes of traditional fables often deal with simple truths about everyday life.However，Carson's theme is a more weighty 9. (warn) about environmental destruction.Carson proves that a simple literary form that has been passed down through the ages can still 10. (employ) today to draw attention to important truths. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。本文介绍了卡森借助传统寓言的风格，但是却传递严肃的教育意义，教导人们承担起拯救环境的责任。 1．to teach　考查非谓语动词。句意：几千年来，人们讲述寓言，目的是教训人或传递智慧。此处不定式作目的状语，所以空处填to teach。注意：后面的“or to pass”也是提示。 2．sixth　考查序数词。句意：著名的伊索寓言可以追溯到公元前6世纪。空前有定冠词the，空后是名词century，所以空处填序数词sixth。 3．as　考查定语从句。句意：然而，正如蕾切尔·卡森在《明天的寓言》中所说的那样，这种寓言形式今天仍然有价值。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，从句缺少宾语，且先行词是前面的整个主句，此处表示“正如”，所以空处填as。 4．where　考查定语从句。句意：在美国的中心地带曾经有一个小镇，那里所有的生命似乎都享受着与周围环境的和平共处。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是表示地点的名词，关系词在从句中作地点状语，故填where。 5．borrowing　考查非谓语动词。句意：她的寓言这样开始，借用了许多古老寓言中的一些熟悉的词语。分析句子结构可知，begins是句子的谓语动词，空处为非谓语，与逻辑主语her fable之间是主谓关系，所以空处填现在分词borrowing。 6．intended　考查非谓语动词。句意：然而，在简单的风格背后，却是一个为每个人提供的严肃信息。分析句子结构可知，is是句子谓语动词，空处为非谓语作后置定语。be intended for是固定用法，所以空处填过去分词intended。 7．Different　考查形容词。句意：与传统寓言不同，卡森的故事以指控而非寓意结尾。be different from“与……不同”，是固定短语，此处作状语，去掉be动词，且空处位于句首，单词首字母要大写，故填Different。 8．for　考查介词。句意：她警告社会面临的环境危险，并教导人们必须承担起拯救环境的责任。take responsibility for“对……负责”，是固定短语。 9．warning　考查名词。句意：然而，卡森的主题是一个更有分量的关于环境破坏的警告。分析句子结构可知，空前有冠词和形容词修饰，故空处应填名词warning。 10．be employed　考查语态。句意：卡森证明了一种流传千古的简单的文学形式今天仍然可以被用来引起人们对重要真理的注意。分析句子结构可知，空处是谓语动词。主语a simple literary form和动词employ“运用”之间是被动关系，故用被动语态。空前是情态动词，故填be employed。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $