Unit 6 Section Ⅲ Grammar（Word教参）-【精讲精练】2025-2026学年高中英语必修第二册（北师大版）

Section Ⅲ　Grammar [对应学生用书P94] 介词＋关系代词引导的定语从句、同(近)义词和反义词 项目一　介词＋关系代词引导的定语从句 一、基本概念 1．关系代词在定语从句中作介词的宾语时，从句常由 “介词＋which/whom” 引导。 2．若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指物时只能用which；关系代词指人时只能用whom。 二、语法规则 (一)“介词＋which/whom”中介词的确定 1．根据先行词与介词的搭配习惯来确定。 I still remember the day on which I joined the army. 我仍然记得我参军的那一天。(表示具体的“在哪一天”，用介词on) 2．根据定语从句中的谓语动词或形容词确定介词。该动词或形容词常与某些介词构成固定搭配。 He is the man for whom I'm waiting for a long time. 他是我等了很久的那个人。(wait for等待，为固定搭配) He is a famous singer of whom we are proud. 他是一位我们引以为豪的著名歌唱家。(be proud of以……而自豪，为固定搭配) 3．根据句子的意思确定介词。有些句子中，定语从句中谓语动词也不是固定的动词短语。这时，需要根据句子所要表达的意思选用不同的介词。 This is the book without which I can't pass the exam. 这是一本没有它我就不能通过考试的书。(根据句意判定) [即学活用1]　单句语法填空 ①I wanted to find someone with whom I could discuss books and music. ②I'll never forget the day on which she said goodbye to me. ③He referred me to some books with which I am not very familiar. ④The tower from which people can have a good view is on the hill. ⑤The man to whom I spoke on the phone last night is very good at wrestling. ⑥In our class all the fifty students，only one of whom didn't pass the exam，had taken part in the final exam. ⑦The way in which one student studies might be quite different from that of another student. ⑧Can you see the desk on which there is a book and two pens? ⑨The man with whom I share the room is a young teacher from college. ⑩He works in a factory，at the back of which there is a river. (二)“介词＋关系代词”的特殊用法 有时“介词＋关系代词” 前会出现不定代词(all，both，none，neither，many，few，the rest 等)、数词(分数、百分数等) 及“the＋最高级/比较级”等，用来表示部分、数目等意义。 I live in the room，the windows of which (of which the windows/whose windows) face south. 我住在一个窗户朝南的房间里。 Last week，only two people came to look at the house，neither of whom wanted to buy it. 上周只有两个人来看了房子，但是没有一个想要买的。 The football team has 15 members，the oldest of whom is 25 years old. 这支足球队有15名队员，其中最大的25岁。 在 “the＋名词＋of＋关系代词” 或 “of＋关系代词＋the＋名词” 中一定不能漏掉冠词the; 在“whose＋名词”结构中一定不能加上冠词 the。 [即学活用2]　单句语法填空 ①That includes cups，bottles，and bags，most of which are only good for one use.(2022·北京卷) ②The workers，some of whom stayed for four years，came from different countries. ③The committee is made up of 20 members，5 of whom are women. ④The book contains 50 poems，most of which were written in the 1930s. ⑤There are two left，one of which is almost finished，and the other of which is not. ⑥The settlement is home to nearly 1，000 people，many of whom left their village homes for a better life in the city. ⑦Do you like the book from which she learned a lot? ⑧He bought a nice computer，of which the price is not so high as expected. ⑨On the second floor there are two rooms，the larger of which is used as a meeting room. ⑩Soon children in the camp had many new friends，with whom they shared food，stories and projects. 项目二　同(近)义词和反义词 一、基本概念 同(近)义词是指在意义上相同或相近的词汇；反义词是指在意义上相反或相异的词汇。 二、语法规则 (一)同(近)义词 1．同(近)义词是意义几乎相同的一组词语，它们词性相同。如look与see；ambition与hope，dream等。同(近)义词虽然意义相同或相近，但由于语义、感情色彩、语体色彩、词的搭配和位置分布的不同，有些同(近)义词是有差异的，在不同场合要注意它们的运用。 例如：statesman和politician在字面上都是“政治家”的意思，但是，后者往往用其贬义，表示“政客”的意思。 2．从语体角度来讲，不同的同(近)义词出现在不同的语体中，带有语体色彩。 3．在写作上，很多时候同(近)义词在从句和一些并列的语句中应用比较多，起解释说明的作用。 She is a vocalist，singer working in the CCTV.(这里的singer是对前面的名词的解释。英语中常有一些这样的句子，我们可能不一定知道第一个名词的意思，但是紧跟其后的名词我们一定学过。) 4．此外，同(近)义词也经常用在一些谚语中。 A single spark can start a prairie fire. 星星之火，可以燎原。 [即学活用3]　写出下列词语的同(近)义词 ①big—large ②beautiful—pretty ③photo—picture ④quick—fast ⑤be good at—do well in ⑥take a walk—go for a walk ⑦homeland—motherland ⑧scared—frightened ⑨smart—clever/bright/wise ⑩flee—escape ⑪drawing—painting ⑫dish—plate ⑬tale—story ⑭travel—trip ⑮view—opinion ⑯error—mistake ⑰present—gift ⑱test—examination ⑲shore—beach ⑳a moment ago—just now (二)反义词 语义相对或者相反的词叫作反义词。和同(近)义词一样，它们词性相同。 1．换位反义词 换位反义词就是指一种对立统一的关系，一方的存在以另一方的存在为前提，双方形成一个对立的统一体。 If A sells a watch to B，B buys a watch from A. If A gives a pen to B，B receives a pen from A. 英语中有一词多义的特征，所以反义词可能有不止一个，所以在不同的场合要注意反义词的使用。 2．固定搭配中的反义词 英语中有许多由一对反义词构成的固定搭配。例如：here and there，now and then，day and night，up and down，etc. 3．反义词在谚语中的使用 通常用对偶句，它们结构相似，意思相反。 A white lie is better than a black lie. 一个善意的谎言总比一个恶意的谎言要好。 As long as the mind is enslaved，the body can never be free. 只要思想被奴役，身体就永远不能自由。 Pain past is pleasure.苦尽甘来。 East or west，home is best. 东好西好，还是家里最好。 4．词根加上前缀/后缀形成反义词 前缀有im­， in­， un­等，后缀有­less等。在英语里，如果两个词语的意思相同或相近，那么它们就被称作同义词(synonyms)，而意思相反的词语叫作反义词(antonyms)。同义词在英语文章中的显现能够证明学习者词汇量的大小，而反义词在写作中尤为重要，俗语或者谚语以及对偶句的应用往往使文章出彩，甚至起到强调警示的作用，令人印象深刻。当然，它们也有场合的差异，色彩的不同，甚至不同的人选词也会不尽相同。 [即学活用4]　写出下列词语的反义词/用反义词完成下列句子 ①beautiful—ugly ②cry—laugh ③clever—stupid ④different—same ⑤difficult—easy ⑥dirty—clean ⑦early—late ⑧fast—slow ⑨inside—outside ⑩tight—loose ⑪Actions speak louder than words． ⑫Every white has its black, and every sweet has its sour. ⑬All things are difficult before they are easy． ⑭Misfortunes tell us what fortune is. ⑮Failure is the mother of success． ⑯Every advantage has its disadvantage． ⑰He who has never hoped can never despair． ⑱Man struggles upwards；water flows downwards． ⑲A friend is easier lost than found． ⑳A good beginning makes a good ending． [对应学生用书P97] Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．Many people who had seen the film were afraid to go to the forest when they remembered the scenes in which people were eaten by the tiger. 2．I had my primary education in this school，behind which is a hill. 3．The man to whom you spoke is a teacher. 4．The little girl is reading a book，in which there are many cartoons. 5．I still remember the day on which I came here. 6．He was educated at a local grammar school，after which he went on to Cambridge. 7．Gun control is a subject about which Americans have argued for a long time. 8．There are many teenagers for the summer jobs，most of whom have just graduated from high school. 9．John invited about 40 people to his wedding，most of whom are family members. 10．Many children，whose parents are away working in big cities，are taken good care of in the village. Ⅱ.用提示词的反义词或同(近)义词填空 1．Joan still keeps in touch with her former (latter) friends. 2．I found the noise made by the children really unbearable (bearable). 3．The reason for the cultural difference is complex (simple) for me to understand. 4．Whether the project will be a great success is still uncertain (certain). 5．After spending four months in foreign countries，the soldier felt every minute at home was valuable (precious). 6．It was difficult to measure the precise (exact) influence of this strike. 7．He was absent from school because of the severe (serious) flu. 8．The children are eager (keen) to know what the new teacher looks like. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $