Unit 5 Section Ⅲ Grammar（Word教参）-【精讲精练】2025-2026学年高中英语必修第二册（北师大版）

本高中英语讲义聚焦关系副词引导的定语从句与后缀构词法两大核心知识点。从基本概念切入，系统讲解when/where/why的先行词特征、从句状语功能及“介词+which”替换规则，结合高考真题例句；后缀部分按词性分类梳理名词/动词/形容词等后缀规律，配套即学活用练习，搭建“概念-规则-应用”学习支架。 资料亮点在于融合高考真题提升语言能力，如2024新课标Ⅰ卷例句增强语境真实感；分类梳理后缀培养思维品质，通过词性对比明晰构词逻辑；分层练习设计强化学习能力。课中辅助教师高效授课，课后学生可借助练习巩固，查漏补缺，提升语法与词汇应用能力。

Section Ⅲ　Grammar [对应学生用书P54] (关系副词引导的)定语从句和后缀 项目一　关系副词引导的定语从句 一、基本概念 关系副词(where，when，why)引导定语从句，分别在定语从句中充当时间、地点、原因状语，不可省略，有时也可以用“介词＋which”代替。 二、语法规则 1．when引导的定语从句 先行词是指时间的名词，如：time，day，year，month，moment，week，hour，minute，occasion，age等，when在从句中作时间状语。 I still remember the day when we met for the first time. 我仍然记得我们第一次相遇的那一天。 (2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)He became interested in alternative treatments 20 years ago when he suffered from terrible back pain. 20年前，当他严重背痛时，他开始对替代疗法产生了兴趣。 [即学活用1]　单句语法填空 ①I can never forget the day when I first saw you. ②He came at the time when we needed him most. ③I'll never forget the days that/which we spent together. ④Almost every teenager will experience a period in their life when they aren't satisfied with their parents. ⑤We live in an age when more information is available with greater ease than ever before. 2．where引导的定语从句 (1)先行词是指地点的名词，如：place，factory，farm，station，town，meeting room等，where在从句中作地点状语。 After living in Paris for fifty years he returned to the small town where he grew up as a child. 在巴黎生活了50年后，他回到了儿时成长的那个小镇。 (2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)The roads there went through large valleys where I'd be riding uphill for miles at a time. 那里的道路穿过大山谷，我一次要骑几英里的上坡路。 (2)当先行词表示抽象的地点或带有地点的意味且在从句中充当类似于地点状语的作用时，定语从句用where引导。常见的先行词有：area，atmosphere，point，case，job，stage，situation等。 Today we'll discuss a number of cases where beginners of English fail to use the language properly.(先行词是cases) 今天，我们将讨论一些英语初学者对英语使用不当的例子。 He wants to find a job where his skills can be put to good use.(先行词是job) 他想找一份能将他的技能派上用场的工作。 [即学活用2]　单句语法填空 ①The accident has reached to the point where both their parents are to be called in. ②You would get into a situation where you have to decide immediately. ③Then she concentrated on jogging to the spot where the track curved (拐弯).(2024·浙江1月卷) ④Students should involve themselves in community activities where they can gain experience for growth. 3．why引导的定语从句 先行词是reason时，定语从句的引导词需根据定语从句缺少的成分而定，如果缺少状语，用why；如果缺少主语或宾语，则用that/which。 We didn't know the reason why he refused our help. 我们不知道他拒绝我们帮助的原因。 The mother can't accept the reason that/which the son gives for his absence from school. 这位母亲不能接受儿子为没上学给出的理由。 (1)关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或原因的名词，在从句中作状语。定语从句中的关系副词有三个：when，where和why，它们在定语从句中分别作时间、地点和原因状语。 (2)上述三个关系副词很多情况下都可以用介词＋关系代词来替换。where＝in/at/to＋which；when＝in/on/at＋which；why＝for＋which。 [即学活用3]　单句语法填空 ①Unsuccessful people can always find reasons why they're not doing well. ②I don't believe the reason that/which he gave me for his being late. ③That was the reason that/which he gave for his absence. ④Do you know the reason why he didn't attend the meeting yesterday? 项目二　后缀 一、基本概念 在一个单词前面或后面加上一个词缀，使之变成一个新词，这种构词方法叫作派生法。词缀有前缀和后缀两种。一般情况下，加前缀改变词义，不改变词性；加后缀改变词性，不改变词义。 如：unacceptable中un­是前缀，accept是词根，­able是后缀。后缀词是指在一个词根的后面附加一个或几个字母构成的一个新词。如：snowy中­y就是后缀。 二、语法规则 不同的词汇所加后缀不同，表示的词性不同；相同的词汇加不同的后缀，表示的词性不同。常见的后缀见下表： 分类 举例 名词后缀 ­er/­or(从事……的人)，­ese(某地人)，­ess(雌性)，­ian(……的人)，­ist(专业人员)，­ism(主义)，­ment(性质；状态)，­ness(性质)，­tion/­ation(动作；过程)，­dom(状态；区域) 动词后缀 ­en(多用于形容词和名词之后)，­fy(使……化)，­ize(使……成为) 形容词后缀 ­al，­able，­an，­ble，­ern，­ful，­ive，­less，­like，­ly，­y，­ous，­some 副词后缀 ­ly(用于形容词后表示方式或程度)，­ward(s)(表示方向) 数词后缀 ­teen，­th，­ty 当我们的单词积累到一定词汇量的时候，通过前缀后缀的对比可以帮助我们理解记忆这些单词，比如通过构词法产生的新单词可以帮助背诵基本的单词，从而避免一些记了新单词而忘记旧单词的情况。 [即学活用4]　单句语法填空 ①Graduation (graduate) makes us sad，but the future will be more exciting. ②Physical activity is an important factor in maintaining fitness (fit). ③Not all chemicals normally present in living organism are harmful (harm). ④It only takes one careless (care) driver to cause an accident. ⑤Houses in neighbourhood of Paris are extremely (extreme) expensive. ⑥The Students Union will organize various activities to enrich (rich) our school life. [对应学生用书P56] Ⅰ.用适当的关系词填空 1．Their child is at the stage where she can say individual words but not full sentences. 2．We have entered into an age when dreams have the best chance of coming true. 3．Self­driving is an area where China and the rest of the world are on the same starting line. 4．There was a long wait at the reception desk，where everyone was checking in. 5．We will put off the picnic in the park until next week，when the weather may be better. 6．Opposite is St.Paul's Church，where you can hear some lovely music. 7．The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere where his employees enjoy their work. 8．As the smallest child of his family，Alex is always longing for the time when he should be able to be independent. Ⅱ.给所给单词加上适当的后缀 1．Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires，Asia's biggest building，and fancy new hotels.But for tourists like me，pandas are its top attraction (attract). 2．He is the only survivor (survive) of this earthquake. 3．On a website called No Fly Climate Sci，for example，roughly (rough)200 academics—many of them climate scientists—have promised to fly as little as possible since the effort started two years ago. 4．As natural (nature) architects，the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly how thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days. 5．She is determined to carry on with her education (educate). 6．Cao believes this will make the hiking trip even more meaningful (meaning). 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $