Unit 4 Section Ⅱ Lesson 1（Word教参）-【精讲精练】2025-2026学年高中英语必修第二册（北师大版）

本高中英语讲义围绕“虚拟形象（avatars）”主题，系统梳理其定义、历史发展（20世纪80年代起源、90年代末用于网络聊天）、用途（表达个性、多场景使用）及社会影响。通过词汇注释（如image, identity）、语法解析（时间状语从句、定语从句等）、阅读理解与结构分析题，构建从词汇、语法到语篇理解的完整学习支架。 资料特色在于融合语言能力与思维品质培养，通过核心词汇（如variety, selection）拓展及派生词讲解提升词汇运用能力，借助文本结构表格填空引导学生分析逻辑层次。课后练习题（单词拼写、句型转换）助力学生主动查漏补缺，课中语法解析辅助教师高效授课，实现语言知识与思维能力的协同发展。

Section Ⅱ　Lesson 1 [对应学生用书P7] The avatar you choose says a lot about you.The article will help you understand your choice of avatars better. [1]When you are online，you can be anyone or anything.You can create your own image① and a new personality②.These digital identities③，[2]known as avatars，are a key④ part of how people use the Internet to communicate and express themselves. [1]本句中When引导时间状语从句，意为“当……的时候”。 [2]此处为过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰名词identities。 The first simple 2D⑤ avatars appeared in role­playing⑥ computer games in the 1980s.Yet，very few people knew [3]that future avatars would have such a wide variety⑦ of forms and uses．By the late 1990s，they had been used in web chats. [3]本句中that引导宾语从句，作knew的宾语。 [4]When people started creating their own avatars，they discovered that they were going to have the power⑧ to create new identities that did not look or act like their real selves at all. They could dress their avatars in fancy⑨ clothes，or they could try being someone of the opposite sex⑩，and call themselves “Andy” instead of⑪“Anna”！[5]When Internet users realised that their avatars would be seen by many people，not just their friends，they started having more than one avatar：a sensible⑫ one for work；a friendly，good­looking⑬ one for meeting people; and a silly one for having fun.Avatars let you express yourself and they give you lots of room for creativity⑭. [4]本句中When引导时间状语从句，意为“当……的时候”；第一个that引导宾语从句；第二个that引导定语从句，修饰先行词identities。 [5]本句中When引导时间状语从句，意为“当……的时候”；that引导宾语从句。 Of course，the avatar you choose says a lot about your personality.If your blog⑮ avatar is a picture of a cute cat，your message is “I like relaxing⑯ and having fun”．Well­known cartoon characters or laughing monkeys say “I'm a really funny⑰ person”．Most people create avatars [6]that have similar features⑱ to their personalities and that look more or less like them and act like them．However，nearly all avatars are tall，young and nice­looking，so people obviously⑲ make their avatars look better than they do in real life.They also experiment⑳ with things like different hairstyles㉑—[7]which says a lot，perhaps，about what they want to look like． [6]本句中两个that都引导定语从句，都修饰先行词avatars。 [7]本句中which引导定语从句，修饰先行词hairstyles; what引导宾语从句。 Nowadays㉒，avatars are everywhere.In most web chats，people choose an avatar from a selection㉓ of ready­made images，or create their own images.You can also use avatars [8]that move around㉔ and talk when you type㉕ in your message．The avatars in online worlds can talk，walk and fly around，meet people，go shopping and attend classes. [8]本句中that引导定语从句，修饰先行词avatars；when引导时间状语从句，意为“当……的时候”。 The use of avatars has also caused a few concerns㉖.Some users worry[9]that they are spending so much time in virtual㉗ worlds that they are becoming afraid of meeting people in the real world．The use of several avatars can also be a risk㉘，[10]as people can use avatars to cheat㉙ others online．However，other users view㉚ avatars in a more positive light.They look forward to a time [11]when their avatar will act like a real person and travel around bigger，more exciting virtual worlds． [9]本句中that引导宾语从句；so...that...引导结果状语从句，意为“如此……以至于……”。 [10]本句中as引导原因状语从句，意为“因为”。 [11]本句中when引导定语从句，修饰先行词a time。 ①image n.图像；形象 ②personality n.个性，性格 ③identity n.身份；特征 ④key adj.关键的；最重要的 ⑤2D(2­dimensional) adj.二维的 ⑥role­playing n.角色扮演，角色模仿 ⑦variety n.多样化，变化 a variety of各种各样的 ⑧power n.力量，能力；电力；政权，势力 ⑨fancy adj.花哨的；别致的 ⑩sex n.性别 ⑪instead of代替；而不是…… ⑫sensible adj.朴素实用的；明智的，合理的 ⑬good­looking adj.好看的；美貌的 ⑭creativity n.创造力；独创性 ⑮blog n.博客；网络日志 vt.发表博客 ⑯relaxing adj.令人放松的 ⑰funny adj.有趣的 ⑱feature n.特色，特征；特写或专题节目；vt.特写；以……为特色 ⑲obviously adv.显而易见地，明显地 ⑳experiment vi.&vt.做实验，进行试验；n.实验 ㉑hairstyle n.发型，发式 ㉒nowadays adv.现今，现时 ㉓selection n.供选择的同类物品；选择 ㉔move around走来走去；绕着……来回转 ㉕type vi.&vt.打；打字 n.类型，种类 ㉖concern n.担忧，忧虑 vt.与……有关；使担心 ㉗virtual adj.虚拟的；模拟的 ㉘risk n.风险；危险；冒险 vt.冒……的危险 ㉙cheat vt.欺骗；欺诈 ㉚view vt.看，把……视为 你选择的虚拟形象能透露出你的很多信息。这篇文章将帮助你更好地理解关于虚拟形象的选择。 当你上网时，你可以是任何人或任何事物。你可以创设自己的形象，并且拥有新的个性。这些数字身份，被称作“虚拟形象”，这是人们利用互联网进行交流和表达自己的关键部分。 二维虚拟形象最早出现在20世纪80年代的角色扮演电脑游戏中，然而，很少有人知道虚拟形象后来会有如此广泛的形式和用途。20世纪90年代末，虚拟形象已被用于网络聊天。 人们开始创设自己的虚拟形象时，他们发现自己将有能力创设一种新的身份，这种身份在相貌和行为上可以与真正的自我完全不同。他们可以给自己的虚拟形象穿上华丽的衣服，或者尝试换个性别，可以给自己取名为“安迪”，而不是“安娜”！当互联网用户意识到很多人会看到他们的虚拟形象，而不仅仅是他们的朋友时，他们开始使用不止一个虚拟形象：一个朴素实用的虚拟形象用于工作；一个友好的、好看的虚拟形象用于交友；一个傻乎乎的虚拟形象用于取乐。虚拟形象让你可以表达自己，还给你很多创造空间。 当然，你所选择的虚拟形象会在很大程度上显露你的个性。如果你的博客头像是一只可爱的猫，你传递的信息是“我喜欢放松和享受”。知名的卡通角色或微笑的猴子传递的信息是“我是个很有趣的人”。大多数人创设的虚拟形象与他们的个性有着相似的特征，看起来或多或少像他们，在行为上也像他们。然而，几乎所有的虚拟形象都个头高挑、样貌年轻、面容姣好，所以人们显然想让他们的虚拟形象看起来比现实生活中更好。人们还进行新的尝试，例如换上不同的发型，这可能从很大程度上透露了他们希望自己看起来是什么样子。 现在，虚拟形象无处不在。在大多数网络聊天中，人们都是从现成的图片中选择一个作为虚拟形象，或者创建自己的图片。当你输入信息时，你也可以让虚拟形象活动起来或说话。网络世界中的虚拟形象可以交谈、走路、飞行，还可以结识他人、购物和上课。 虚拟形象的使用也引起了一些担忧。一些用户担心他们在虚拟世界中花费了太多时间，以至于开始害怕在现实世界中与人见面。使用多个虚拟形象也可能会带来风险，因为有人可能会在网上使用虚拟形象来欺骗他人。但是，其他用户则以更为积极的态度看待虚拟形象。他们期待着有朝一日，自己的虚拟形象会像真人一样去环游更广阔、更精彩的虚拟世界。 [对应学生用书P9] Ⅰ.重点单词 核心单词 1．image n.图像；形象 2．fancy adj.花哨的；别致的 3．trick vt.欺骗，诱骗，哄骗 4．identity n.身份；特征 5．experiment vi.& vt.做实验；进行实验　n.实验 6．nowadays adv.现今，现时 7．type vi.&vt.打；打字　n.类型，种类 8．virtual adj.虚拟的；模拟的 9．cheat vt.欺骗；欺诈 10．view vt.看；把……视为 拓展单词 11．sensible adj.朴素实用的；明智的，合理的→sense n.感觉；理智 v．感觉到，意识到 12．creativity n.创造力；独创性→creative adj.有创作力的，创新的→create v．创造 13．variety n.多样化，变化→various adj.不同的；各种各样的→ vary vt.&vi.使多样化；变化 14．obviously adv.显而易见地，明显地→ obvious adj.显然的，显而易见的 15．selection n.选择；供选择的同类物品→ select vt.挑选；选择 16．concern n.担忧，忧虑　vt.与……有关；使担心→concerned adj.关切的，关心的→concerning prep.关于 Ⅱ.重点短语 1．look like 看起来像 2．more or less 或多或少 3．be afraid of doing sth 害怕做某事 4．in a more positive light 从更积极的角度来看 5．experiment with 用……做实验 6．look forward to 盼望，期待 7．agree with 同意，和……意见一致 8．instead of 代替；而不是…… 9．a variety of 各种各样的…… Ⅲ.句式语境 1．what引导的名词性从句 They also experiment with things like different hairstyles—which says a lot，perhaps，about what they want to look like. 他们也会尝试像不同的发型这样的事情，这很可能会体现他们理想中的样子。 2．so...that句型，that引导结果状语从句 Some users worry that they are spending so much time in virtual worlds that they are becoming afraid of meeting people in the real world. 一些网民开始担心自己在虚拟世界沉溺太久，以至于开始害怕在现实中与人交往。 [对应学生用书P9] Ⅰ.Read the text carefully and choose the best answers. 1．When were avatars being used in web chats like instant messenger? A．In the 1980s. B．By the late 1990s. C．Nowadays. D．In the 1970s. 2．What does a picture of a cute cat mean? A．I like relaxing and having fun. B．I'm a really funny person. C．I'm tall，young and nice­looking. D．I like being creative. 3．Who could see your avatars? A．Only your friends. B．Many people. C．No one. D．Only your family. 4．What people can use avatars do? A．Act just like a real person. B．Travel around bigger，more exciting virtual worlds. C．Help others online. D．Cheat others online. 5．What is the purpose of the text? A．To introduce some information about avatars. B．To express yourself using pictures. C．To introduce the history of avatars. D．To introduce definition of avatars. 答案　1－5　BABDA Ⅱ.Understand the structure of the text. Avatars The definition of an avatar Avatars are digital 1.images that you use to represent yourself online. The history of avatars The first simple 2D avatars appeared in role­playing computer games 2.in the 1980s and by the late 1990s they had been used in online chats. The purposes of using avatars People started creating their own avatars to express themselves and they gave them lots of room for 3.creativity．Most people create avatars that have similar features to their personalities and that look 4.more or less like them and act like them.They can choose an avatar from a 5.selection of ready­made images，or create their own images. The views about avatars Some are worried that they are spending so much time in 6.virtual worlds that they are becoming afraid of meeting people in the real world.The use of several avatars can also be a risk，as people can use avatars 7.to cheat(cheat) others online.However，many people see avatars 8.in a more positive light. Ⅲ.教材对接高考：续写微技能——情绪变化 1．标出句中含有情绪变化的词汇。 ①I am sensible of the fact that mathematics is not a popular subject. ②Little Tom is addicted to the Internet，which causes the parents a lot of concern. ③The brave girl never feels afraid of great challenges. 2．在文中找出含有情绪变化的语句。 ①They discovered that they were not going to have power to create new identities. ②If your blog avatar is a picture of a cute cat，your message is “I like relaxing and having fun”． [重点词汇] [对应学生用书P10] 1．a variety of各种各样的 (1)＝various 　种类繁多的…… (2)vary vi.& vt.　变化，(使)不同 vary with sth　随……而变化 vary from...to...　从……到……不同；在……到……之间变动 (3)various adj.　不同的，各种各样的 [经典佳句] There are different kinds of fruit trees as well as a variety of animals. 有不同种类的果树还有各种动物。 Varieties of flowers are sold in the market. 市场上出售各种花卉。 [即学活用]　单句语法填空/一句多译 ①She used the shadows to navigate the school hallways，find her classes，and even locate the school's various(vary) facilities.(2024·浙江1月卷) ②Many parents want to give their children chances to experience a variety of situations. ③Varieties of after­class activities will be held，varying from the English corner to the Literature club.So we students can get various experiences.(vary) ④Ocean colour varies from green to blue，depending on the type and concentration of phytoplankton. ⑤我家有各种各样的书。 a．I have a variety of books in my home. b．I have varieties of books in my home. 2．more than　多于；超出 (1)more than＋数词＝over　比……多 more than＋形容词/副词＝very　十分，非常 more than＋名词＝not only　不仅仅 (2)no more than　仅仅；只不过 (3)not more than　至多，　不超过 [经典佳句] Every day we are required to spend more than an hour doing exercise. 我们被要求每天要花费超过一个小时进行锻炼。 [即学活用]　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①There was nothing she feared more than having(have) to run a whole mile.(2024·浙江1月卷) ②Professor North said there should be no more than(仅仅) four people in each group.(2024·全国甲卷) ③办公室里的人不超过五个。 There are not more than five people in the office. 3．selection n.选择；供选择的同类物品 (1)select v.　挑选 select...from...　从……中挑选出…… select...as...　选定……为…… select...for...　为……挑选…… select sb to do sth　挑选某人做某事 (2)selective adj.　选择性的 [经典佳句] The 4 selections presented above are typical examples. 以上四个选择是典型的例子。 [即学活用]　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①It seems obvious that evolution should select for larger brains. ②It seems obvious that evolution should select from larger brains. ③There are plenty of materials you can choose from; the problem now is how to make your selection (select). ④You will have to be selective(select)about which information to include in the report. ⑤高中时期最精彩的部分是我被选为优秀团支部书记。 The highlight of my high school days is that I was selected as an excellent League branch secretary． 4．fancy adj.花哨的，别致的 fancy v.　认为；想象；想要；爱好 fancy doing sth　想做某事 fancy oneself as/to be...　认为是……，把自己想象成…… [经典佳句] The young female teacher always wears fancy dresses，which makes her popular among students. 这位年轻的女教师总是穿着精致的衣服，因此她很受学生欢迎。 [即学活用]　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①So you fancy yourself (you) as the boss someday. ②She didn't fancy going (go) home in the dark. ③She fancies herself (as) (认为自己是) a famous actress. ④Would you like to fancy a break/rest (想休息一会)? 5．concern n.担忧，忧虑vt.与……有关；使担心 (1)show concern for 　对……表示关心 (2)concerned adj.　焦虑的，担忧的；有牵连的 be concerned about/for　关心/挂念…… be concerned with/in　与……有关/有牵连 as/so far as...be concerned　就……而言 (3)concerning prep.　关于，涉及 [经典佳句] She showed great concern for her son's illness. 她非常担心儿子的病情。 She is concerned about how little food I eat. 她见我吃得那么少，很是担忧。 [即学活用]　用concern的适当形式填空/完成句子 ①Scientists in Louisiana were so concerned that they decided to pay hunters $5 a tail. ②As far as I am concerned，parents show too much concern about the future of their children.In other words，they are too concerned about their children's future. ③Many teenagers are interested in the novels concerning the Second World War. ④As is known to all，her latest documentary is concerned with (与……有关) unemployment. ⑤I once believed that he was concerned in (和……有牵连) all those matters you mentioned. ⑥在我看来，过于依赖数字设备可能会产生负面影响。(应用文之征文投稿) As far as I'm concerned，relying too much on digital devices may have negative effects. 6．cheat vt.欺骗；欺诈 n.骗子 (1)cheat sb into doing sth 　骗某人(做)某事 cheat sb out of sth　骗取某人某物 cheat in an exam　在考试中作弊 (2)cheater n.　骗子，欺诈者 [经典佳句] He is nothing but a cheat. 他只不过是个骗子。 The salesman cheated her into buying a fake. 那个推销员骗她买了件赝品。 [即学活用]　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①The young man tried to cheat the students into joining (join)the illegal organization. ②Two young men cheated the old lady out of her necklace and then got away. ③It prevents people who are cut off from society falling victim to cheaters(cheat). ④汤姆在考试中作弊，受到了老师的惩罚。 Tom was caught cheating in the exam and was punished by the teacher. 7．instead of代替，作为……的替换 (1)instead of 表示“代替，作为……的替换”，为介词短语，其后常接名词、代词或v.­ing作宾语。 (2)instead 副词，意为“代替，顶替”，单独使用。 [经典佳句] Instead of going to Qingdao，I'm going to Dalian this year. 今年我将去大连，而不去青岛。 Mr.Wang is ill, I will take his class instead. 王老师病了，我将替他上课。 [即学活用]　选词填空(instead/instead of)/同义句转换 ①I'd rather not work with numbers.Instead，I want to switch to a creative field，like literature. ②I want to fly to Beijing instead of taking a train. ③He didn't answer me；instead，he asked me another question. →He asked me another question instead of answering me. [重点句型] [对应学生用书P13] (教材原文)They also experiment with things like different hairstyles—which says a lot，perhaps，about what they want to look like．人们还进行新的尝试，例如换上不同的发型，这可能从很大程度上透露了他们希望自己看起来是什么样子。 [句式分析]　what they want to look like 为名词性从句，作about的宾语；what引导名词性从句时，在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语。 [经典佳句] They've done what they can to help her. 他们已经尽力帮助她了。 [即学活用]　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①He saves what he earns. ②He is what is generally called a traitor. ③The number of the students in our school is ten times what it was before liberation. ④我不知道应该做什么来阻止污染。 I don't know what should be done to stop pollution. ⑤在过去是市场的地方，正在建起几座现代化的楼房。 Several modern buildings are being built in what used to be a market． [对应学生用书P13] Ⅰ.教材语块必备 1．a collection of books　一堆/一套书籍 2．have fun　玩得开心 3．cause a concern　引起担心 4．store information　储存信息 5．in the recent study　在最近的调查中 6．as a result of the Internet　作为互联网的结果 7．check one's email　查看电子邮件 8．ignore one's family and friends　忽视家人和朋友 Ⅱ.单词拼写/完成句子 1．The final team selection(挑选；选拔) will be made tomorrow. 2．(2024·全国甲卷)We look forward to welcoming you as we showcase the creativity(创造力)of the Harvard arts community through performances，art exhibitions and art­making activities. 3. (译林选必三U2)The most challenging work takes place when we need to perform tasks outside the space station，such as testing new equipment，monitoring scientific experiments (实验)or repairing the space station. 4．(译林选必一U1) Nowadays(当今，现今)，people eat salted duck all year round and it is estimated that tens of thousands of ducks are consumed every day in Nanjing! 5．A variety of plants (各种各样的植物) have been planted in our school yard. 6．By the 1999 (到1999年为止)，we had set up 10 new schools (建设了10所新校) for children from the countryside. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $