单元综合检测5 Unit 5 Humans and Nature（Word练习）-【精讲精练】2025-2026学年高中英语必修第二册（北师大版）

[本卷满分120分，考试用时100分钟] 第一部分　阅读(共两节，满分50分) 第一节　(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A A Day Away from the Stress of City Life! A perfect experience for nature lovers! Our One­Day tour will take you to see the most beautiful sunset and sunrise at the top of Mt.Huangshan (Yellow Mountain). Schedule Early in the morning: take the cable car to the top of the mountain to see the breathtaking sunrise at Cloud Dispelling Pavilion. Late in the morning: visit such famous places as the Sixinfeng Peak，the Black Tiger pine tree，the Writing Brush Peak or the Xihai Scenic Area. At noon: have a traditional Chinese lunch at a hotel on the top of the mountain. In the afternoon: go to the city centre of Huangshan and take a walk along Tunxi Old Street，where traditional old buildings line the quiet street. In the evening : return to the Cloud Dispel­ling Pavilion to enjoy the sunset. Price: $327 What's included Professional and friendly English­speaking tour guide; Breakfast，lunch，dinner; All en­trance fees; Cable car fees to and from the Cloud Dispelling Pavilion; Two nights at Beihai Hotel or similar standard hotels; Hotel pickup and drop­off. What' s not included Expenses to and from Mt.Huangshan； Local Chinese­speaking tour guide； Other attractions not included in the schedule. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了黄山一日游旅行，包括日程安排和费用包含项目。 1．Where should the tourists go to see the sunset and sunrise? A．Sixinfeng Peak. B．Xihai Scenic Area. C．Cloud Dispelling Pavilion. D．Writing Brush Peak. 解析　C　细节理解题。根据Schedule部分中第一段和最后一段可知，游客应该去排云亭看日出日落。故选C。 2．When will the tourists go to Tunxi Old Street? A．In the morning. B．At noon. C．In the afternoon. D．In the evening. 解析　C　细节理解题。根据Schedule部分中“In the afternoon...line the quiet street.”可知，游客们下午会去屯溪老街。故选C。 3．This One­Day tour is most probably suitable for ． A．the British B．the Chinese C．the Dutch D．the Germans 解析　A　推理判断题。根据What's included部分中“Professional and friendly English­speaking tour guide”可知，这种一日游提供英语导游，结合选项可知最适合英国人。故选A。 B (2024·浙江1月卷)On September 7，1991，the costliest hailstorm(雹暴)in Canadian history hit Calgary's southern suburbs.As a result，since 1996 a group of insurance companies have spent about $2 million per year on the Alberta Hail Suppression Project.Airplanes seed threatening storm cells with a chemical to make small ice crystals fall as rain before they can grow into dangerous hailstones.But farmers in east­central Alberta — downwind of the hail project flights — worry that precious moisture(水分)is being stolen from their thirsty land by the cloud seeding. Norman Stienwand，who farms in that area，has been addressing public meetings on this issue for years.“Basically，the provincial government is letting the insurance companies protect the Calgary­Edmonton urban area from hail，”Mr.Stienwand says，“but they're increasing drought risk as far east as Saskatchewan.” The Alberta hail project is managed by Terry Krauss，a cloud physicist who works for Weather Modification Inc.of Fargo，North Dakota.“We affect only a very small percentage of the total moisture in the air，so we cannot be causing drought，”Dr.Krauss says.“In fact，we may be helping increase the moisture downwind by creating wetter ground.” One doubter about the safety of cloud seeding is Chuck Doswell，a research scientist who just retired from the University of Oklahoma.“In 1999，I personally saw significant tornadoes(龙卷风)form from a seeded storm cell in Kansas，”Dr.Doswell says.“Does cloud seeding create killer storms or reduce moisture downwind？No one really knows，of course，but the seeding goes on.” Given the degree of doubt，Mr.Stienwand suggests，“it would be wise to stop cloud seeding.”In practice，doubt has had the opposite effect.Due to the lack of scientific proof concerning their impacts，no one has succeeded in winning a lawsuit against cloud­seeding companies.Hence，private climate engineering can proceed in relative legal safety. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。本文介绍了加拿大艾伯塔地区的防雹干预计划，以及不同相关方对该计划的不同态度。 4．What does the project aim to do? A．Conserve moisture in the soil. B．Prevent the formation of hailstones. C．Forecast disastrous hailstorms. D．Investigate chemical use in farming. 解析　B　细节理解题。题干中的“the project”指的就是第一段中所提到的“Alberta Hail Suppression Project”，因此根据第一段中的“Airplanes seed threatening storm cells with a chemical to make small ice crystals fall as rain before they can grow into dangerous hailstones.”可知，飞机通过向有威胁性的风暴体播撒一种化学物质，使得小冰晶在变成危险的冰雹之前先变成雨落下。由此可知，这一计划旨在防止冰雹的形成，A项“保存土壤水分”；C项“预报灾难性雹暴”；D项“调查农业中化学品的使用”。故选B。 5．Who are opposed to the project? A．Farmers in east­central Alberta. B．Managers of insurance companies. C．Provincial government officials. D．Residents of Calgary and Edmonton. 解析　A　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“But farmers in east­central Alberta...worry that precious moisture(水分)is being stolen from their thirsty land by the cloud seeding.”可知，Alberta 中东部的农民担心人工降雨会带走他们干旱土地中的宝贵水分。由此可知，这些农民是反对这个计划的，故选A。 6．Why does Dr.Doswell mention the tornadoes he saw in 1999? A．To compare different kinds of seeding methods. B．To illustrate the development of big hailstorms. C．To indicate a possible danger of cloud seeding. D．To show the link between storms and moisture. 解析　C　写作目的题。根据第四段中的“One doubter about the safety of cloud seeding is Chuck Doswell”可知，Doswell博士对人工降雨的安全性持怀疑态度。接着他提到1999年亲眼目睹的一个已经被播撒了化学物质的风暴单体形成的重大龙卷风。随后他又提出疑问“Does cloud seeding create killer storms or reduce moisture downwind？”，怀疑人工降雨会产生致命的风暴或是减少下风处的水分。由此可推断出，Doswell博士提到他看到的1999 年的龙卷风是为了表明人工降雨存在可能的风险，A项“为了比较不同的播撒方式”；B项“为了说明大雹暴的形成”；C项“为了表明人工降雨可能存在的风险”；D项“为了说明风暴和水分之间的关系”。故选C。 7．What can we infer from the last paragraph? A．Scientific studies have proved Stienwand right. B．Private climate engineering is illegal in Canada. C．The doubt about cloud seeding has disappeared. D．Cloud­seeding companies will continue to exist. 解析　D　推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句“Hence，private climate engineering can proceed in relative legal safety.”可知，私营的气候工程公司可以在相对合法的安全环境中继续进行下去，也就是这些公司会继续存在下去，A项“科学研究证明了 Stienwand 是对的”；B项“私营的气候工程公司在加拿大是非法的”；C项“关于人工降雨的疑虑已经消失了”；D项“人工降雨公司会继续存在下去”。故选D。 C (2025·湖南长沙高一上阶段练习)We always use both parts of our brains，no matter what our personalities and talents are.Our brain has two symmetrical hemispheres.The important parts for thinking，moving，feeling and seeing are in both of these halves.Some people say that those who are more creative use the right side of the brain more，and those who are more logical use the left side.This idea about how the brain works was very popular.But it's not right. This theory emerged in the 1950s.A neuroscientist named Roger Sperry wanted to know how the two halves of the brain worked with each other.He studied the corpus callosum (胼胝体) connecting the two halves of the brain.Cutting it could help treat very bad epilepsy (癫痫) without hurting the normal work of the brain too much.Sperry's “split­brain” study found that language ability is mainly in the left brain.The places of Broca's area and Wernicke's area showed this.Sperry won the 1981 Nobel Prize.But the idea of right­brain and left­brain skills caught people's imaginations.An article published in the New York Times Magazine in 1973 took ideas from Sperry's findings，claiming skills such as musical ability were controlled entirely by the right brain. Now，we have brain­imaging tools like fMRI.It can follow the blood flow in the brain to show which parts are working.New research has come out.In 2013，scientists scanned more than 1000 young people.They found that although some functions like language are more related to one side of the brain，most of the brain networks use both halves.This disproved ideas like only the right hemisphere being for music or art.Scientists agree that the old theory about one side of the brain controlling general traits is outdated. Different parts of the brain work together.The networks can change，especially when the brain is hurt.Things like creativity and logic are too complicated to be only in one part of the brain.Both sides of the brain work together for everything we do. [语篇解读]　这是一篇说明文。本文纠正了大脑左右半球分工理论，阐释了大脑双侧协同工作机制。 8．What does “This theory” in paragraph 2 refer to? A．The brain's hemispheres can't work together. B．The brain's hemispheres have similar key structures. C．Personalities and talents depend on which brain hemisphere is used more. D．Creative people use the right hemisphere and logical people use the left hemisphere. 解析　D　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Some people say that those who are more creative use the right side of the brain more，and those who are more logical use the left side.(有人说，那些更有创造力的人更多地使用右脑，而那些更有逻辑的人则更多地使用左脑。)”可知，第二段中的“This theory”指的是有创造力的人使用右半球，有逻辑的人使用左半球。故选D。 9．Which of the following is true about Roger Sperry's research? A．He was the first to propose the right­left brain theory. B．His research was connected to the brain's language area. C．He focused on epilepsy's influence on brain hemispheres. D．He found corpus callosum had no impact on normal brain function. 解析　B　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Sperry's ‘split­brain’ study found that language ability is mainly in the left brain.(斯佩里的‘裂脑’研究发现，语言能力主要在左脑。)”可知，他的研究与大脑的语言区有关。故选B。 10．What did the scans of over 1，000 young people in 2013 reveal? A．Most brain networks involve both hemispheres. B．All brain functions are mainly located in the left brain. C．The right hemisphere is mainly responsible for language. D．fMRI is the only brain­imaging tool in the new research. 解析　A　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“In 2013，scientists scanned more than 1000 young people.They found that although some functions like language are more related to one side of the brain，most of the brain networks use both halves.This disproved ideas like only the right hemisphere being for music or art.Scientists agree that the old theory about one side of the brain controlling general traits is outdated.(2013年，科学家对1000多名年轻人进行了扫描。他们发现，虽然语言等一些功能更多地与大脑的一侧有关，但大多数大脑网络都使用两个半球。这反驳了只有右半球负责音乐或艺术的观点。科学家们一致认为，关于大脑一侧控制一般特征的旧理论已经过时了。)”可知，2013年对1000多名年轻人的扫描显示大多数大脑网络涉及两个半球。故选A。 11．What is the main purpose of this passage? A．To correct left­right brain theory misconception. B．To introduce Sperry's discovery of corpus callosum. C．To discuss the impact of brain­imaging tools on brain study. D．To explain functions of left and right brain hemispheres in detail. 解析　A　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Different parts of the brain work together.The networks can change，especially when the brain is hurt.Things like creativity and logic are too complicated to be only in one part of the brain.Both sides of the brain work together for everything we do.(大脑的不同部分协同工作。神经网络会发生变化，尤其是当大脑受到伤害时。像创造力和逻辑这样的东西太复杂了，不可能只存在于大脑的一个部分。我们所做的每件事都是左右脑共同作用的。)”结合本文纠正了大脑左右半球分工理论，阐释了大脑双侧协同工作机制。可知，文章的主要目的是纠正对左右脑理论的误解，说明大脑的两个半球是协同工作的。故选A。 D (2025·重庆高一上检测)It is hardly surprising that rivers have been an important part of human history: They provide food，freshwater，and rich land for growing crops.While water is crucial to life，it can be a destructive force，too.When rivers flood，the effects can be destructive.Flooding is one of the most common types of natural disasters，and it is often fatal (灾难性的). While floods bring damage，they also bring nutrients and essential components for life.Seasonal floods can renew ecosystems，providing life­giving waters in more ways than one.Floods transport vital nutrients to the surrounding land.When the water flows away，it leaves nutrients behind on the floodplain.This rich，natural fertilizer improves soil quality and has a positive effect on plant growth，thus increasing productivity in the ecosystem.Ancient civilizations first arose along the deltas (三角洲) of seasonally flooded rivers，such as the Nile in Egypt，because they provided rich soil for farmlands. Floods can supply underground water sources.Floodwater gets absorbed into the ground，and then percolates through layers of soil and rock，eventually reaching underground aquifers (含水层).These aquifers supply clean freshwater to springs，wells，lakes，and rivers.Ecosystems rely heavily on groundwater during dry spells when it may be the only supply of freshwater available.A good supply of groundwater has a great impact on soil health and leads to more productive crop and pasture lands. Floods are a force of nature，and their results，both positive and negative，are strongly felt by affected ecosystems.Floods can be destructive to humans and the natural environment，but they also help to drive biodiversity and are essential to the functioning of many ecosystems.Whether you consider floods to be good or bad，one thing is for certain: The world would be a very different place without them. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了洪水对生态系统的破坏和复兴作用。 12．What directly causes the Nile to be one of the birthplaces of ancient civilizations? A．The nutrients on the floodplain. B．The plant growth on the farmland. C．The soil quality improved by fertilizer. D．The groundwater sources in the ecosystem. 解析　C　推理判断题。根据第二段中“Ancient civilizations first arose along the deltas (三角洲) of seasonally flooded rivers，such as the Nile in Egypt，because they provided rich soil for farmlands.(古代文明最早出现在季节性洪水泛滥河流的三角洲，比如埃及的尼罗河，因为它们为农田提供了肥沃的土壤。)”可知，导致尼罗河成为古代文明发祥地的直接原因是土壤质量。故选C。 13．What does the underlined word “percolates” mean in paragraph 3? A．Lifts up. B．Flows into. C．Runs over. D．Breaks down. 解析　B　词句猜测题。根据画线词上文“Floodwater gets absorbed into the ground，and then(洪水被吸收到地下，然后)”及下文“through layers of soil and rock，eventually reaching underground aquifers (含水层).(通过土壤和岩石层，最终到达地下含水层。)”可知，洪水要透过土壤和岩石层，最终到达地下蓄水层。由此可知，画线词percolates与flows into“流入”意思接近。故选B。 14．What is the author's attitude towards floods? A．Doubtful. B．Indifferent. C．Objective. D．Agreeing. 解析　C　推理判断题。根据第一段“Flooding is one of the most common types of natural disasters，and it is often fatal(灾难性的).(洪水是最常见的自然灾害之一，往往是致命的。)”以及第二段“While floods bring damage，they also bring nutrients and essential components for life.(虽然洪水带来破坏，也带来了生命所需的营养和基本成分。)”可推知，作者提到了洪水的破坏和好处，说明对洪水的态度是客观的。故选C。 15．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．The Results of Floods on Agriculture B．The History of Flooding in Ecosystems C．Rivers: A Source of Natural Environment D．Floods: A Force for Destruction and Renewal 解析　D　主旨大意题。根据第一段中“It is hardly surprising that rivers have been an important part of human history: They provide food，freshwater，and rich land for growing crops.While water is crucial to life，it can be a destructive force，too.(河流在人类历史中一直扮演重要角色，这并不令人惊讶：它们提供食物、淡水和肥沃的耕地。虽然水对生命至关重要，却也可能成为一种破坏力量。)”可知，文章主要说明了洪水会带来破坏，但同时带来了生命所需的营养和基本成分，可以带来肥沃土壤以及提供地下水源。由此可知，Floods: A Force for Destruction and Renewal(洪水：破坏与复兴的力量)适合作本文最佳标题。故选D。 第二节　(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分) 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 (2025·河北张家口高一上检测)For outdoor lovers，it is important to be prepared for any kind of natural disasters in the open air.That means having a disaster response plan. 16 ．And it also should include what resources should be taken on your trip. Different types of disasters are likely to occur in different areas.Desert areas are more likely to be affected by droughts; coastal regions are more likely to see hurricanes; avalanches may occur in mountainous areas in winter and landslides in summer. 17 ．This can help you find the right survival ways in different conditions. 18 ．Any disaster that may separate you from other people for a period of time will require you to provide your own food，water，and shelter for at least a few days.It's also a good idea to bring light sources.For disasters that may wet your equipment，flameless light sources are a must.What you bring should be suited to the disaster you might face. Once you complete your survival plan，it's better to review it periodically.When a natural disaster strikes，you probably won't have time to go over a document or go online to seek advice. 19 ． If a natural disaster strikes while you are in the wild，you should put your survival plan into effect immediately.First of all，stay calm，act decisively，and begin working to keep yourself alive. 20 ．Do not wait around to see if the disaster is really that serious，do not panic，and do not easily abandon your plan. A．Then contact others for help B．It includes the types of disasters that may occur C．Therefore，always do some research ahead of time D．So，revising it frequently is strongly recommended E．But you can turn to some experts for help in person F．These disasters can lead to extremely serious consequences G．While planning，the most important thing to consider is what to pack [语篇解读]　这是一篇说明文。文章就在自然灾害到来之前制定生存计划提出一些建议。 16．解析　B　根据上文“That means having a disaster response plan.(这意味着要有一个灾难应对计划。)”和下文“And it also should include what resources should be taken on your trip.(它还应该包括你在旅行中应该带什么资源。)”可知，空处承上启下，说明灾难应对计划的具体内容。故B选项“它包括可能发生的灾害类型”符合语境，故选B。 17．解析　C　根据上文“Desert areas are more likely to be affected by droughts; coastal regions are more likely to see hurricanes; avalanches may occur in mountainous areas in winter and landslides in summer.(沙漠地区更容易受到干旱的影响；沿海地区更容易出现飓风；山区冬季可能发生雪崩，夏季可能发生滑坡。)”可知，不同地区会发生不同的灾害，因此一定要提前做一些研究。后文中“This”代词指代C内容，故C选项“因此，一定要提前做一些研究”符合语境，故选C。 18．解析　G　根据下文“Any disaster that may separate you from other people for a period of time will require you to provide your own food，water，and shelter for at least a few days.It's also a good idea to bring light sources.For disasters that may wet your equipment，flameless light sources are a must.What you bring should be suited to the disaster you might face.(任何可能让你和其他人分开一段时间的灾难都需要你自己提供至少几天的食物、水和住所。带光源也是个好主意。对于可能弄湿设备的灾难，无焰光源是必须的。你带来的东西应该适合你可能面临的灾难。)”可知，本段主要讨论在规划时，最重要的是要考虑打包什么。故G选项“在做计划时，最重要的是要考虑打包什么”符合语境，故选G。 19．解析　D　根据上文“Once you complete your survival plan，it's better to review it periodically.When a natural disaster strikes，you probably won't have time to go over a document or go online to seek advice.(一旦你完成了生存计划，最好定期回顾一下。当自然灾害来袭时，你可能没有时间浏览文件或上网寻求建议。)”可知，空处和上文形成因果关系，因为完成生存计划以后可能没有时间浏览文件或寻求建议，空处引出结果措施。故D选项“因此，强烈建议经常修改它”符合语境，故选D。 20．解析　A　根据上文“First of all，stay calm，act decisively，and begin working to keep yourself alive.(首先，保持冷静，果断行动，开始努力让自己活下去。)”可知，上文提到首先保持冷静，果断行动，开始努力让自己活下去，空处承接上文，说明接下来该怎么办。故A选项“然后联系其他人寻求帮助”符合语境。故选A。 第二部分　语言运用(共两节，满分30分) 第一节　(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 (2025·河北邯郸高一上检测)Last night my husband and I were walking when we saw a man bending (弯腰) over on the ground，crushing (碾碎) something with a rock.He was so focused on his 21 that he didn't look up at anyone passing by.We kept noticing him and 22 what he could be doing.I thought he was crushing stones to make sand，but why would he do that? 23 ，we decided to go up and ask him.He was crushing pieces of left­over bread that he had 24 to prepare food for the birds that come there early morning.The large pieces of bread would be 25 for the birds to eat so he crushed them into powder.Every 26 ，after coming home from his job as a tailor，he goes 27 the villa (乡间别墅)，collecting left­over bread from all his neighbors.He then eats a quick meal and comes here，and spends the next 1－2 hours carefully crushing each piece and makes a neat pile for the birds.He has been doing this for the last 3－4 years，which 28 us a lot.When we told him that we took an interest in this，he felt 29 ，since for him it wasn't a big 30 ． When we asked him what encouraged him to do this act of 31 ，he said，“It's just something 32 I do，so that the left­over bread doesn't go into the rubbish and the birds get food.” We 33 his story with the hope that it would 34 us to be aware of leftovers too and that it might 35 someone to start something similar in their own area. [语篇解读]　这是一篇记叙文。文章主要记叙了作者和丈夫外出散步时，发现一个男人正把收集来的剩下的面包碾碎，喂给鸟儿，作者他们非常受感动，于是决定分享他的故事，希望提醒他人剩菜剩饭问题以及鼓励其他人也做类似的好事。 21．A.idea B．task C．hand D．food 解析　B　考查名词词义辨析。句意：他全神贯注于自己的任务，没有抬头看任何路过的人。A.idea想法；B.task任务；C.hand手；D.food食物。根据上文“crushing (碾碎) something with a rock”以及下文“crushing pieces of left­over bread”可推知，此处指男人专注于将面包用石头碾碎这一任务。故选B。 22．A.discovered B．learned C．realized D．wondered 解析　D　考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们一直注意着他，想知道他在干什么。A.discovered发现；B.learned学习；C.realized意识到；D.wondered想知道。根据上文“We kept noticing him”和下文“what he could be doing”可推知，作者和丈夫注视着这个男人是因为想知道他在干什么。故选D。 23．A.Finally B．Suddenly C．Immediately D．Instead 解析　A　考查副词词义辨析。句意：最后我们决定上去问问他。A.Finally终于；B.Suddenly突然；C.Immediately立即；D.Instead相反。根据下文“we decided to go up and ask him”可推知，之前作者他们只是好奇观看，最后决定上去问问这个人到底在干什么。故选A。 24．A.bought B．saved C．made D．collected 解析　D　考查动词词义辨析。句意：他正在把捡来的面包碎片碾碎，准备给清晨飞来的鸟儿做食物。A.bought购买；B.saved拯救；C.made制作；D.collected收集。结合上文“pieces of left­over bread that he had”以及下文的“collecting left­over bread”可推知，这个男人碾碎的是他收集来的剩下的面包。故选D。 25．A.necessary B．difficult C．welcome D．possible 解析　B　考查形容词词义辨析。句意：大块的面包对鸟儿来说吃起来很困难，所以他把它们碾成粉末。A.necessary必要的；B.difficult困难的；C.welcome受欢迎的；D.possible可能的。根据下文“so he crushed them into powder”可知，这人把面包碾碎是因为大块的面包鸟儿吃起来困难。故选B。 26．A.morning B．noon C．night D．afternoon 解析　D　考查名词词义辨析。句意：每天下午，当他结束裁缝的工作回到家后，他就在别墅转一圈，从所有邻居那里收集剩下的面包。A.morning早上；B.noon中午；C.night夜晚；D.afternoon下午。根据下文“after coming home from his job”可推知，这个男人是在下午下班回家的时候去收集面包。故选D。 27．A.around B．by C．through D．into 解析　A　考查介词词义辨析。句意：每天下午，当他结束裁缝的工作回到家后，他就在别墅转一圈，从所有邻居那里收集剩下的面包。A.around围绕；B.by被；C.through通过；D.into进入。根据下文“the villa (乡间别墅)，collecting left­over bread from all his neighbors”可知，当他结束裁缝的工作回到家后，他会围绕着别墅转一圈，从所有邻居那里收集剩下的面包。故选A。 28．A.pleased B．satisfied C．moved D．puzzled 解析　C　考查动词词义辨析。句意：在过去的3—4年里，他一直在这样做，这让我们非常感动。A.pleased使满意；B.satisfied使满足；C.moved使感动；D.puzzled使困惑。根据上文“He has been doing this for the last 3－4 years”以及下文“since for him it wasn't a big 30 ”可推知，这个男人用剩下的面包碾碎喂鸟的行为感动了作者和丈夫。故选C。 29．A.annoyed B．amazed C．afraid D．anxious 解析　B　考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当我们告诉他我们对此很感兴趣时，他感到很惊讶，因为对他来说这没什么大不了的。A.annoyed生气的；B.amazed惊讶的；C.afraid害怕的；D.anxious焦虑的。结合下文“since for him it wasn't a big 30 ”可推知，此处指男人觉得喂鸟没什么大不了的，但作者夫妇却对此感兴趣，男人因此觉得惊讶。故选B。 30．A.deal B．present C．dream D．debate 解析　A　考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我们告诉他我们对此很感兴趣时，他感到很惊讶，因为对他来说这没什么大不了的。A.deal交易；B.present礼物；C.dream梦想；D.debate辩论。结合上文“When we told him that we took an interest in this，he felt 29 ”可推知，此处指男人觉得给鸟儿碾碎面包喂食只是一件小事，没什么大不了的。“not a big deal”意为“没什么大不了”。故选A。 31．A.bravery B．honesty C．suggestion D．service 解析　D　考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我们问他是什么鼓励他这一服务时，他说：“这只是我做的一件小事，这样剩下的面包就不会变成垃圾，鸟也有食物了。”A.bravery勇敢；B.honesty诚实；C.suggestion建议；D.service服务。结合上文“carefully crushing each piece and makes a neat pile for the birds”可知，男人收集剩下的面包碾碎了喂鸟，从而推知，这是一种为鸟儿服务的行为。故选D。 32．A.curious B．great C．small D．boring 解析　C　考查形容词词义辨析。句意同上。A.curious好奇的；B.great伟大的；C.small小的；D.boring无聊的。结合上文“since for him it wasn't a big 30 ”可知，他认为这只是一件小事。故选C。 33．A.shared B．created C．believed D．heard 解析　A　考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们分享了他的故事，希望它能提醒我们也要注意剩饭剩菜，并鼓励人们在自己的地区开始类似的事情。A.shared分享；B.created创造；C.believed相信；D.heard听见。根据后文“his story with the hope”可知，作者他们分享了这个男人的故事。故选A。 34．A.invite B．remind C．warn D．require 解析　B　考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们分享了他的故事，希望它能提醒我们也要注意剩饭剩菜，并鼓励人们在自己的地区开始类似的事情。A.invite邀请；B.remind提醒；C.warn警告；D.require要求。根据下文“us to be aware of leftovers too”可推知，作者夫妇分享男人的故事是希望能提醒人们注意剩菜剩饭问题。故选B。 35．A.force B．persuade C．encourage D．train 解析　C　考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们分享了他的故事，希望它能提醒我们也要注意剩饭剩菜，并鼓励人们在自己的地区开始类似的事情。A.force迫使；B.persuade说服；C.encourage鼓励；D.train训练。根据下文“someone to start something similar in their own area”可推知，作者夫妇分享了男人的故事，也是希望可以鼓舞其他人做类似的事情。故选C。 第二节　(共10小题，每小题1.5分，共15分) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 (2025·福建龙岩高一上阶段练习)Among natural disasters，like tornados，droughts，landslides，tsunamis，floods，typhoons，hurricanes and volcanic eruptions，which often cause terrible damage and a lot of deaths，earthquakes tend to be the most 36. (destroy). The earthquake that 37. (strike) Tangshan on 18 July 1976，nearly put the city in ruins.People were shocked 38. (find) the walls cracked，the railway tracks became useless pieces of mental，and over 75 percent of the buildings fell down，39. (cover) the ground with broken bricks. People who 40. (trap) or buried tapped on pipes or whistled for help.Before long，rescue teams spared no effort to dig 41. (they) out，and the 42. (survive) were settled in shelters that were put up in an open air，43. electricity and fresh water could be supplied. 44． (slow)，the city began to breathe and revive itself.With strong support from the government and the 45. (tired) efforts of the city's people，a new Tangshan was built upon the earthquake ruins. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了1976年爆发的唐山大地震。 36．解析　destructive　考查形容词。句意：在自然灾害中，如龙卷风、干旱、山体滑坡、海啸、洪水、台风、飓风和火山爆发，这些灾害经常造成可怕的破坏和大量的死亡，地震往往是最具破坏性的。根据上文the most以及be动词，可知用形容词destructive，作表语。故填destructive。 37．解析　struck　考查时态。句意：1976年7月18日发生在唐山的地震几乎把这座城市夷为平地。根据后文on 18 July 1976可知为一般过去时。故填struck。 38．解析　to find　考查非谓语动词。句意：人们震惊地发现，墙壁裂开了，铁轨变成了无用的碎片，超过75%的建筑物倒塌了，地上铺满了碎砖。此处为短语be shocked to do sth表示“震惊于……”。故填to find。 39．解析　covering　考查非谓语动词。句意：人们震惊地发现，墙壁裂开了，铁轨变成了无用的碎片，超过75%的建筑物倒塌了，地上铺满了碎砖。空处需填非谓语动词，此处cover与上文构成主动关系，故用现在分词作状语。故填covering。 40．解析　were trapped　考查时态语态。句意：被困或被埋的人敲打管道或吹口哨求救。定语从句修饰先行词People，在从句作主语，与谓语构成被动关系，且发生在过去用一般过去时的被动语态，谓语用复数。故填were trapped。 41．解析　them　考查代词。句意：没过多久，救援队就不遗余力地把他们挖出来，幸存者被安置在露天搭建的庇护所里，那里有电力和淡水供应。空处作宾语，用宾格形式them。故填them。 42．解析　survivors　考查名词的数。句意：没过多久，救援队就不遗余力地把他们挖出来，幸存者被安置在露天搭建的庇护所里，那里有电力和淡水供应。空处作主语，表示“幸存者”应用名词survivor，根据后文were可知为复数。故填survivors。 43．解析　where　考查定语从句。句意：没过多久，救援队就不遗余力地把他们挖出来，幸存者被安置在露天搭建的庇护所里，那里有电力和淡水供应。非限制性定语从句修饰先行词shelters，在从句作地点状语，故填where。 44．解析　Slowly　考查副词。句意：慢慢地，这座城市开始恢复活力。修饰后文句子用副词slowly，首字母大写。故填Slowly。 45．解析　tireless　考查形容词。句意：在政府的大力支持和人民的不懈努力下，一个新的唐山在地震废墟上建立起来了。修饰名词efforts，表示“不懈的”用形容词tireless。故填tireless。 第三部分　写作(共两节，满分40分) 第一节　(满分15分) (2025·河北张家口高一上模拟)假定你是李华，在全国防灾减灾日 (National Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Day)即将到来之际，你校将举办一场以防灾减灾为主题的讲座，请你写封邮件邀请你的外国朋友Tom参加，内容包括： 1．邮件的目的； 2．讲座的主要内容； 3．讲座的时间和地点。 注意：1.写作词数应为80左右； 2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 Dear Tom， Yours， Li Hua One possible version： Dear Tom， As the National Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Day is approaching，our school will hold a lecture with the theme of disaster prevention and mitigation.I'm writing to invite you to attend the lecture. The lecture will cover various disasters like earthquakes and floods.What's more，it will introduce practical and effective prevention tips and crucial self­rescue methods.It will be held in the school hall at 3 p.m.this Friday. I'm truly eager for your presence.Looking forward to your reply. Yours， Li Hua 第二节　(满分25分) 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 Located halfway up the Italy's Apennine Mountain，about 100 miles northeast of Rome，the Hotel Rigopiano has never been easy to reach.But its isolation (隔绝) only adds to its appeal，attracting a great number of tourists. Snow began to fall across the Apennines in January and lasted for days.From his home in the Rome suburbs，Matrone watched the weather with concern.He and his wife，Cicioni，had planned an overnight getaway to the hotel.But now he wondered whether they should go.After phoning the hotel，they decided to make the trip.By the time they neared the hotel six hours later，they were battling a snowstorm.When they finally arrived，they were both cold and exhausted.They checked into their room and went to bed early. As they awoke the next day，they discovered that their difficulty had worsened overnight.The cars in the parking lot were invisible.The phone and power lines were down.They were having breakfast when the hotel began to shake.An earthquake with a magnitude (震级) of 5.7 had struck the mountain.“Get out of here！”Matrone shouted to his wife.They headed quickly to the parking lot，where others were digging their cars.Fifteen minutes after the first earthquake，another quake hit，this one measuring 5.6. With a dozen vehicles freed by noon，the guests set off down the driveway.But when they reached the main road，the path was blocked by a six­foot­high wall of snow.Matrone climbed out of his car and investigated it.There was no road in sight，“We're trapped！” he told his wife.So they had no choice but to make their way back to the hotel. As it was getting dark，they managed to be back.That was when the snow on the mountain began to slide.They heard the avalanche (雪崩) before they saw it.The avalanche gathered speed and size，grabbing rocks and trees and anything else in its way down the mountain，tearing the hotel from its foundation.When the avalanche came to a stop，those caught inside the hotel were left buried in the icy rocks and ruins. 注意：1.续写词数应为150左右。 2．请按如下格式作答。 When Matrone came to himself，he was stuck in the darkness. It was not until the next morning that the rescuers finally arrived. One possible version： When Matrone came to himself，he was stuck in the darkness. Lying on his stomach，he realised with horror that he was under something heavy and couldn't move at all.“Cicioni! Cicioni！” he called，but there was no response.He could hear nothing of what was happening at the surface.The whole world was dead still.What he had to face was a terrible reality—they were buried alive.Despair washed over him.He asked himself again and again，“Who is going to save us？” It was not until the next morning that the rescuers finally arrived. Without any hesitation，they got down to detecting the remains of the hotel and they were delighted to discover there was sign of life beneath.With great efforts they removed the thick snow and began cutting the roof.Then they carefully lowered themselves through the hole they'd made.Suddenly，they heard someone crying for help in a weak voice.It was Matrone.Later all the survivors were rescued including Matrone's wife.The couple felt really lucky to be still alive! 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $