选择性必修第四册 Unit 2 Understanding each other（教师用书Word）-【正禾一本通】2026年新高考英语高三一轮总复习高效讲义（译林版）

任务(一)　词汇、句式、语篇背诵 单词多维背诵 阅读单词 1．encode vt.把……编码；把……译成电码(或密码) 2．decode vt.解(码)，破译(尤指密码) 3．enterprise n．公司，企业；规划，事业 4．empathy n．同感，共鸣，同情 5．empathize vi.有同感，产生共鸣 6．kindergarten n．学前班；幼儿园 7．integrate vt.& vi.(使)合并；(使)加入 8．bilingual adj.会说两种语言的；用两种语言(写)的[前缀：bi­表示“两个，两”] 9．intervention n．干涉行为，干预 10．tribe n．部落 11．linguist n．语言学家，通晓数国语言的人 12．canteen n．食堂，餐厅 13．feedback n．反馈的意见(或信息)[合成词：feed＋back] 14．friction n．争执；摩擦；摩擦力 15．straightforward adj.坦诚的；简单的[合成词：straight＋forward] 多义单词 [熟词生义] 1．contest [熟义]n.比赛，竞赛；争夺，竞争vt.争取赢得→[生义]vt.就……提出异议 2．react [熟义]vi.(对……)作出反应；起化学反应→[生义]vi.过敏 3．gesture [熟义]n.手势，姿势；姿态，表示→[生义]vt.& vi.做手势，用手势示意 4.accent [熟义]n.口音，腔调；重音；着重点，强调→[生义] vt.着重，强调，突出 5．gain [熟义]vt.& vi.获得；增进，增长；(从……中)受益→[生义]n.好处，利益 [一词多义] 6．correspond ①vi.类似于 ②vi.相一致，符合 ③vi.通信 核心单词 [围绕话题——沟通与交际] 1．obtain a very clear result得到一个非常明确的结果 2．with arms folded双臂交叉 3．a knowledgeable teacher 一名知识渊博的老师 4．make adjustments to your own tone调整一下你自己的语气 5．enlarge your vocabulary扩大词汇量 6．recite Tang poems背诵唐诗 7．improve our handwriting 使书写更加美观 8．welcome you to China warmly and sincerely热情而真诚地欢迎您来到中国 拓展单词 1． react vi.　　　　 (对……)作出反应；起化学反应；有不良反应，过敏 reaction n. 反应，回应；副作用 2． gentle adj. 温柔的；温和的；柔和的 gently adv. 温柔地；温和地 3． competent adj. 足以胜任的，有能力的；称职的 competence n. 能力；胜任 4． suit vt. 满足需要；相配，合身 n. 套装，西装，西服 suitable adj. 合适的；适宜的 5． negotiate vt.& vi. 谈判；商定，达成(协议) negotiation n. 谈判；磋商；协商 6． clarify vt. 使更清晰易懂，阐明 clarification n. 说(阐)明；解释 7． sympathy n. 同情；赞同 sympathetic adj. 同情的，有同情心的 8． approve vt.& vi. 赞成；批准，通过(计划、要求等) approval n. 赞成；同意；批准；通过 disapprove vt.& vi. 不赞成；不同意 disapproval n. 不赞成；反对 9． precise adj.　 　 　 准确的；确切的；精确的 precisely adv. 准确地，恰好地；细心地；正是，确实 10．prefer vt. 更喜欢；选择某事物(而不选择其他事物) preference n. 偏爱；偏爱的事物 11．embarrass vt. 使窘迫，使尴尬；使困惑；使为难 embarrassed adj. 窘迫的，尴尬的；拮据的 embarrassing adj. 令人尴尬的；令人害羞的 embarrassment n. 窘迫，难堪；使人为难的人或事物；拮据 12．intend vt. 计划；打算 intention n. 意图，计划 13．behave vt.& vi. 表现得体，有礼貌；表现 behaviour n. 行为；举止；习性 14.tolerate vt. 　 容许，允许；忍受，容忍；能经受 tolerance n. 容忍；忍受 tolerant adj. 宽容的；容忍的 15．fluent adj. (尤指外语)流利的，熟练的 fluently adv. 流利地；流畅地 fluency n. 流利；流畅 16．oppose vt. 反对，抵制；与……对垒 opposed adj. 反对的；对立的 opposition n. 反对，反抗 17．reject vt. 拒绝接受，不予考虑；不录用；排斥，排异 rejection n. 拒绝，摈弃 18．tend vi. 趋向，倾向 tendency n. 趋势，趋向；倾向，偏好 短语巧学助记 1．put yourself in sb′s shoes 处于某人的境地，设身处地 2．account for sth 是……的说明(或原因)；(数量上、比例上)占 3．approve of 赞成，赞同[近义：agree with] 4．broaden one′s mind 拓宽视野，开阔眼界[同义：broaden one′s horizons] 5．function as 起……的作用 6．in response 作为回答，作为反应 7．refer to 指的是；参考；查阅[近义：look up] 8．be based on 以……为基础 9．share...with...与……分享…… 10．under this circumstance 在这种情况下 11．out of style 过时的[反义：in fashion 流行的] 12．for instance 例如[同义：for example] 句式遮挡背诵 1．When spoken by a stranger，they can function as a means of attracting your attention.(状语从句的省略) 2．Much of what we communicate is dependent not only on the words we use，but also on how we use them.(not only...but also...) 3．Once you have obtained this information，you can use it to determine how best to communicate with them.(once引导条件状语从句) 4．While being knowledgeable about body language is vital，the value of empathy should not be understated.(while引导让步状语从句) 5．No sooner had I begun to understand how British people communicate than it was time to head back home.(no sooner...than...) 6．It is also through those words that novel ideas are spread and different beliefs are exchanged more conveniently and quickly.(强调句型) [遮住左栏尝试背诵] 1．如果说这句话的是一个陌生人，这可以作为引起你注意的一种方式。 2．我们交流的大部分内容不仅取决于我们使用的词语，还取决于我们如何使用它们。 3．一旦你获得了这一信息，你就可以用它来决定如何最好地与他们沟通。 4．虽然了解肢体语言很重要，但同情心的价值也不应该被低估。 5．我刚开始了解英国人的沟通方式就到要回家的时候了。 6．也正是通过那些词，新思想的传播、不同观点的交流得以更加便捷。 语篇词汇串记 　　Last Saturday，we attended a lecture given by a knowledgeable linguist on how to be a competent communicator. Firstly，we should figure out the whole procedure of communication which involves the encoding，decoding and feedback of information.Besides，obtain as much as others′ information so that we can choose the best communication channel that suits the situation.For example，when we negotiate with a large enterprise，we should talk in a straightforward way.In addition，proper body language can help us avoid friction．Lastly，the value of empathy should be accented．In other words，it is important that we should put ourselves in their shoes．While we may not approve of others′ ideas，we could try to see what influences their emotions and empathize with them as well as adjust our tone． In a word，from the lecture，we have gained much knowledge about effective communication and broadened our minds！ [遮住左栏，忆加黑词汇] 上周六，我们参加了由一位知识渊博的语言学家讲授的关于如何成为一名出色的沟通者的讲座。 首先，我们应该找出涉及信息的编码、解码、反馈的整个沟通过程。此外，获取尽可能多的他人信息，这样我们就可以选择最适合实际情况的沟通渠道。例如，当我们与大型企业谈判时，我们应该以一种直接的方式交谈。此外，正确的肢体语言可以帮助我们避免摩擦。最后，应该重视同理心的价值。换句话说，换位思考很重要。虽然我们可能不赞成别人的想法，但我们可以试图看看是什么影响了他们的情绪，然后施以同情，并调整我们的语气。 总之，从讲座中，我们获得了很多关于有效沟通的知识，也拓宽了我们的视野！ 任务(二)　背诵过关测＋练 (一)单词过关测＋练 阅读单词知意 1．encode 　 　 vt.把……编码；把……译成电码(或密码) 2．decode vt.解(码)，破译(尤指密码) 3．enterprise n．公司，企业；规划，事业 4．empathy n．同感，共鸣，同情 5．empathize vi.有同感，产生共鸣 6．kindergarten n．学前班；幼儿园 7．integrate vt.& vi.(使)合并；(使)加入 8．bilingual 　　　　 adj.会说两种语言的；用两种语言(写)的 9．intervention n．干涉行为，干预 10．tribe n．部落 11．linguist n．语言学家，通晓数国语言的人 12．canteen n．食堂，餐厅 13．feedback n．反馈的意见(或信息) 14．friction n．争执；摩擦；摩擦力 15．straightforward adj.坦诚的；简单的 核心单词练通 1．obtain　　　　 vt.获得，赢得 2．knowledgeable adj.博学的，有见识的 3．tone n．语气，腔调；风格，特色 4．gesture n．手势，姿势；姿态，表示 vt.& vi.做手势，用手势表示 5．somewhat 　 adv.有点，有几分，稍微 6．handwriting n．手写，书写；笔迹，书法 7．contest n．比赛，竞赛；争夺，竞争 vt.争取赢得；争辩，就……提出异议 结合语境拼写单词 8．The photographer slipped (滑) downstairs，tiptoed out of the house and disappeared into the darkness. 9．Standing with your arms folded (折叠) can send out a signal that you are being defensive. 10．There is nothing to be gained (获得) from delaying the decision. 11．You should enlarge your vocabulary (词汇量)，which can help you effectively communicate with others. 12．I sincerely (真诚地) hope you can follow my advice，which will surely benefit you. 拓展单词悉变 1．gentle adj.温柔的；温和的；柔和的→gently adv.温柔地；温和地 2．competent adj.足以胜任的，有能力的→competence n．能力；胜任 3．suit vt.满足需要；相配，合身 n．套装，西装，西服→suitable adj.合适的；适宜的 4．clarify vt.使更清晰易懂，阐明→clarification n．说(阐)明；解释 5．reject vt.拒绝接受，不予考虑；不录用；排斥，排异→rejection n．拒绝，摈弃 6．sympathy n．同情；赞同→sympathetic adj.同情的，有同情心的 7．tend vi.趋向，倾向→tendency n．趋势，趋向；倾向，偏好 8．intend vt.计划；打算→intention n．意图，计划 利用语境串记单词 9．What you did was embarrassing，making the guest very embarrassed and it also embarrassed me.(embarrass) 10．I am fluent in English.That is to say，I speak English fluently．Others admire my fluency in English.(fluent) 11．Behave yourself or you will be laughed at by others because of your bad behavio(u)r．(behave) 12．I admire you for your tolerance，because you can tolerate things which can be intolerable．(tolerate) 13．In the past，I had a preference for physics.In other words，I preferred to study it.(prefer) 14．If you want to win your parents′ approval，you could try to do well at school instead of disapproving of them.(approve) (二)短语过关测＋练 1．put yourself in sb′s shoes　 处于某人的境地，设身处地 2．account for sth 是……的说明(或原因)；(数量上、比例上)占 3．approve of 赞成，赞同 4．broaden one′s mind 拓宽视野，开阔眼界 5．function as 起……的作用 6．in response 作为回答，作为反应 7．refer to　　　　 　 指的是；参考；查阅 8．be based on 以……为基础 9．share...with... 与……分享…… 10．under this circumstance 在这种情况下 11．out of style 过时的 12．for instance 例如 根据语境选词填空 13．It is reported that he referred to global warming for many times in his speech. 14．Own­label products now account for more than 20% of sales in some European supermarkets. 15．His story is based on his own experience when he was studying in Harvard University. 16．In response to the audience′s great demand，the play will be put on in the theatre twice a week. 17．I approve of your accompanying him to Beijing，but please do be careful. (三)句式迁移练 1．句式：not only...but also... (2021·天津3月卷)此外，北京不仅是我国的政治中心，也是我国的经济中心。 Besides，Beijing is not only the political center but also the economic center of our country． 2．句式：强调句型 在我看来，正是她母亲的鼓励帮助她建立了信心并做出了改变。 From my point of view，it was her mother′s encouragement that helped her build up the confidence and make a change. 3．句式：no sooner...than... (2022·浙江1月卷)我们一制定计划，就投入行动。 No sooner had we worked out our plan than we plunged ourselves into action. Part 1　核心词句——学表达 react vi.(对……)作出反应；有不良反应，过敏；起化学反应→reaction n．反应 【用法归纳】 ◎react to 对……作出反应 ◎react with 与……起(化学)反应 ◎react against 反对；反抗；反叛 ◎in reaction to 对……作出反应/以应对…… 【写作语料】 ◎how to react to the matter如何应对这件事 ◎react to emergency应对紧急情况 ◎encouraged by the positive reaction of the audience被观众的积极反应所鼓舞 【语境运用】　词义辨析/单句填空/完成句子 ①The study shows that someone allergic to milk is likely to react badly to cheese.词义：过敏 ②As the knowledgeable expert says，children tend to react against their parents by going against their wishes. ③The experiment shows how iron reacts with air and water，from which we gain a lot. ④我们别无选择，只能用喷雾剂来应对熊的攻击。 We have no choice but to use the spray in reaction to the bear′s attack． approve vi.赞成；同意 vt.批准；通过→approval n．赞成；通过；同意；批准→approving adj.赞许的；许可的 【用法归纳】 ◎approve sth批准某事 ◎approve of赞成；同意 ◎in approval赞同地 ◎give one′s approval to赞同，批准 ◎gain/get/win one′s approval得到某人的同意；赢得某人的赞同 【写作语料】 ◎meet with approval 得到赞同 ◎approve our proposal批准我们的提议 ◎persuade him to approve of my plan 说服他同意我的计划 【语境运用】　单句填空/完成句子/一句多译 ①(2024·全国甲卷)The rapid expansion of high­speed rail networks has met with widespread public approval (approve) in China. ②听到提议后，在场的人都从椅子上站起来鼓掌，点头赞同。[读后续写之动作描写] Having heard the proposal，all people present arose from their chairs and applauded，nodding in approval． ③如果您能批准我们筹集资金的提议，我将不胜感激。[应用文写作之感谢信] →I would appreciate it if you could approve our proposal to raise money．(approve) →I would be grateful if you could give your approval to our proposal to raise money．(approval) correspond vi.相一致；符合；相当于；通信→correspondence n．来往信件；通信联系 【用法归纳】 ◎correspond to/with sth 与……相一致 ◎correspond with sb 与……通信 ◎in correspondence with sb 与某人通信联系 【写作语料】 ◎correspond closely 紧密相符 ◎maintain correspondence 保持通信 ◎the correspondence address 通信地址 【语境运用】　完成句子/一句多译 ①我发现我的经历与其他人相符，他们也分享了类似的挑战与胜利。 I found that my experiences corresponded with those of others, who shared similar challenges and triumphs. ②只有当你言行一致时，你才能和其他人建立更好的关系。 →You can make better relationships with others only when what you do corresponds with what you say． →Only when what you do corresponds with what you say can you make better relationships with others.(倒装句) behave vi.& vt.表现得体，有礼貌；表现→behavio(u)r n．行为；举止；习性 【用法归纳】 ◎behave oneself行为规矩；表现得体 ◎behave well/badly to/towards sb对待某人好/差 ◎well­behaved/badly­behaved adj.表现好/差的 【写作语料】 ◎behave in a polite manner 以礼貌的方式行事 【语境运用】　单句填空/完成句子 ①Believe it or not，your brother′s behavio(u)r (behave) on the stage really broadened my mind. ②建议你参加宴会时，应该举止得体。作为举止得体的客人，你不应把筷子插在食物里，或者用筷子指着其他人。[应用文写作之传统习俗] It is suggested that you (should) behave yourself when attending feasts.As a well­behaved guest，you shouldn′t stick your chopsticks in the food or point at others with them. embarrassed adj.窘迫的，尴尬的；拮据的→embarrass vt.使窘迫，使尴尬；使困惑；使为难→embarrassing adj.令人害羞的；令人尴尬的→embarrassment n．尴尬；难堪；令人为难 【用法归纳】 ◎be embarrassed at/about因……感到尴尬 ◎to one′s embarrassment令某人尴尬的是 ◎with/in embarrassment尴尬地，窘迫地 【写作语料】 读后续写之心理描写——尴尬与羞愧 ◎burn/blush/flush with embarrassment/shame因尴尬/羞愧而脸上发烫/发红 ◎in an embarrassed voice/tone用一种尴尬的声音/语气 ◎an awkward/embarrassed silence/moment/pause尴尬的沉默/瞬间/停顿 ◎feel terribly embarrassed感到非常尴尬 【语境运用】　完成句子 ①让她特别尴尬的是，她意识到大家都在盯着她看。 Much to her embarrassment，she realized that everyone was staring at her. ②那女孩感到羞愧和尴尬，她低下头盯着地面。 So ashamed and embarrassed was the girl that she lowered her head and stared at the ground. ③这篇帖子深深地触动了我的灵魂，我为自己的愚蠢行为感到羞愧，尴尬得脸都红了。 The post touched my soul so much that I felt ashamed of my foolish behavior，with my face burning with embarrassment． ④我依偎在他的肩膀上，用尴尬的声音喃喃自语：“从现在开始，我要把精力集中在我们的现实生活，而不是虚拟世界。” I snuggled up against his shoulder，murmuring in an embarrassed voice/tone，“I will focus on our real life instead of the virtual world from now on.” tendency n．倾向；偏好；趋势，趋向→tend vi.往往，趋向 vt.& vi.照看，护理；照料 【用法归纳】 ◎have a tendency to do sth 有做某事的倾向 ◎tend to do...倾向于做……；往往会…… ◎tend (to) sb 照顾某人 【写作语料】 ◎have a tendency to cross arms in front of his chest倾向于在胸前交叉双臂 【语境运用】　单句填空/句式转换 ①As is often the case，most of us have a tendency (tend) to be nervous in speech contests. ②It is reported that in some big cities housing prices tend to go (go) down. ③Children tend to behave well in the presence of strangers. →Children have a tendency to behave well in the presence of strangers.(tendency) 句式：no sooner...than... 【教材原句】　No sooner had I begun to understand how British people communicate than it was time to head back home.我刚开始了解英国人的沟通方式就到要回家的时候了。 【用法归纳】 ◎no sooner...than...“刚……就……；一……就……”引导时间状语从句，主句通常用过去完成时，从句通常用一般过去时。 ◎no sooner位于句首时，主句要部分倒装，而than引导的从句不倒装。有类似用法的还有hardly...when...。 ◎常见的表示“一……就……”的词汇还有：as soon as，the moment/minute/instant，immediately/instantly/directly，on/upon＋n./动词­ing形式 【佳句背诵】　 ①No sooner had he arrived in Beijing than he came to visit us，which accounted for my appreciation. 他一到达北京，就来拜访我们，这是我感激他的原因。 ②(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)Hardly had David arrived at the finish line when all the teachers and classmates cheered for him. 大卫刚到达终点线，所有的老师和同学就都为他欢呼喝彩。 【仿写借鉴】 (2020·浙江7月卷)一看到可怕的熊，我就屏住了呼吸，一动也不敢动。[读后续写之恐惧心理描写] ①No sooner had I seen a frightening bear than I held my breath，not daring to make a movement.(no sooner...than...；倒装) ②Hardly had I seen a frightening bear when I held my breath，not daring to make a movement.(hardly...when...；倒装) ③On/Upon seeing a frightening bear，I held my breath，not daring to make a movement.(On/Upon doing...) Part 2　阅读词汇——善辨义 1．suit A．n.(一套)衣服 B.vt.对某人方便;合......的意 ①I was stopped by an old man in a blue suit at the gate of the factory. A ②If you want to go to the bookstore next weekend，that suits me fine. B 2．more than A．不仅仅;不止 B.超过 C.非常 ①Researchers from the University of Leipzig in Germany gathered more than 1，000 retired workers. B ②(2020·天津5月卷)It wasn′t the fact that he′d won；it was more than that. A ③The store is more than happy to deliver goods to your home. C 3．account for A．占....(比例) B.是...的说明(或原因) ①Sarah was bullied at school, which might account for her behaviour now. B ②Lighting accounts for about 7% of the total electricity consumed in the US. A 4．猜测句中加黑部分的词性和汉语意思 ①He made no answer but walked on, gesturing for me to follow.v.做手势；用手示意 ②It was strange that the divorce was not contested.v.就……提出异议 ③In all our products the accent is on quality.n.着重点 ④I told him about the many activities in which I was involved.And I went into a speech about how hard I worked and the gains I was making.n.好处 巧借前缀en­/em­推测词义 前缀en­/em­：意思是“使……进入状态，置于……之中”。 本单元：en (使)＋code(编码)→encode vt.编码；加密 1．The artist engraved a beautiful design on the surface of the metal plate. [词义]en(使)＋grav(重)＋e→engrave vt.雕刻，铭刻 2．The government enacted new laws to improve public safety. [词义]en(使)＋act(行动)→enact vt.制定，颁布(法律) 3．The parents tried to enlighten their children about the importance of education. [词义]en(使)＋light(光明)＋en(动词后缀，使变得)→enlighten vt.启发，开导 4．The new project will empower employees to take on more responsibilities. [词义]em(使)＋power(力量)→empower vt.授权，使能够 5．The government plans to enforce stricter regulations to protect the environment. [词义]en(使)＋force(迫使某人做某事)→enforce vt.强制实施，强制执行 6．The company decided to entitle all employees to additional health benefits. [词义]en(使)＋title(头衔，权利)→entitle vt.使有权，赋予权利 单句语法填空 1．Her parents′ reaction (react) to the news was surprisingly calm. 2．Bruce often corresponds with his friends after graduation. 3．Behave yourself (you); don′t make a fool of yourself. 4．He has gained rich experience from his part­time jobs in these years. 5．In general, what you give tends to get (get) back from the world around you. 6．At the election I voted for the man whom I believed to be the most suitable (suit). 7．They take environmental issues into account wherever possible. 8．I must remind you that at no time will the school tolerate cheating (cheat) in exams. 9．Two hundred people attended the meeting, as opposed (oppose) to three hundred the previous year. 10．Mr.Baker preferred to stay (stay) at home with his children rather than go out for Christmas. (一)应用文写作[沟通与交际] 人们对于学生网上交友持不同意见。请你用英语写一篇关于学生网上交友的短文，介绍人们的不同观点，并表达自己的看法。内容包括： 1．赞成的理由；2．反对的理由；3.你的看法。 用本单元知识和右栏词块翻译句子 1．对于学生是否应该在网上交友，不同的人有不同的反应。(whether 引导宾语从句) Different people react differently to whether students should make friends online. 2．有些人支持它，他们认为通过在线聊天，学生可以更自由地表达自己的感受和意见，甚至可以在外语学习上获得帮助。(现在分词短语作状语) Some people approve of it，believing that through chatting online，students are able to express their feelings and opinions more freely and even get help with their foreign language learning. 3．其他反对此观点的人认为网上交友没有好处。(who引导定语从句) Others who oppose it think it is no good making friends online. 4．他们说，在网上交朋友是浪费时间，这会使学生沉迷于虚拟的世界。 (which 引导非限制性定语从句) They say making friends online is a waste of time，which can make students abandon themselves to the virtual world. 5．我认为，我们学生应该利用互联网来开阔我们的眼界，并把我们的学习、健康和安全放在网络上的诱惑之上。(同位语从句) I hold the belief that we students should use Internet to broaden our minds and place our study，health and safety above the temptations on the Internet. 6．至于友谊，我更喜欢在我的同学和我周围的人身上找到它。 As for friendship，I prefer to find it in my classmates and other people around me. [构建话题语义场] 1．沟通技巧 ①express ideas clearly 清晰表达想法 ②listen actively 积极倾听 ③engage in conversation 参与对话 ④give feedback 提供反馈 ⑤maintain eye contact 保持眼神交流 ⑥use body language effectively 有效运用肢体语言 ⑦express their feelings and opinions more freely更自由地表达自己的感受和意见 2．社交活动 ⑧network with peers 与同龄人建立联系 ⑨make friends online在网上交友 ⑩attend social events 参加社交活动 ⑪join group discussions 参与小组讨论 ⑫participate in team­building activities 参加团队建设活动 ⑬share experiences 分享经历 ⑭volunteer for community service 志愿参与社区服务 ⑮organize a workshop 组织研讨会 ⑯abandon themselves to the virtual world沉迷于虚拟的世界 3．跨文化交流 ⑰understand cultural differences 理解文化差异 ⑱respect diverse perspectives 尊重不同的观点 ⑲participate in cultural exchange programs 参与文化交流项目 ⑳share cultural traditions 分享文化传统 ㉑foster inclusivity 促进包容性 ㉒appreciate different customs 了解不同的习俗 ㉓build cross­cultural relationships 建立跨文化关系 (二)读后续写[沟通与交际＋动作细节描写之头部动作] Ⅰ.教材语料积累 词汇 [情感描写]　gentle adj.温柔的；温和的；柔和的　empathy n．同感，共鸣，同情→empathize vi.有同感，产生共鸣　sympathy n．同情；赞同　embarrassed adj.窘迫的，尴尬的；拮据的　tolerate vt.容许；容忍　pessimistic adj.悲观的，悲观主义的　sincerely adv.真诚地，诚实地 [动作描写]　react vi.(对……)作出反应　obtain vt.获得，赢得　fold vt.折叠　gain vt.& vi.获得；增进，增长；(从……中)受益　gesture vt.& vi.做手势，用手势表示　recite vt.吟诵；列举　slip vi.滑倒；滑落；溜；陷入 佳句 1．For example, if you are a business person negotiating with a large enterprise about a deal，you should do it face to face，using formal language in a straightforward manner.(场景描写) 2．A smile shows you are attentive to the issues being discussed，while looking away with your arms folded can indicate disinterest and create distrust or friction.(动作描写) 3．If someone looks at you with a confused expression，this could indicate that they have not completely understood your point.(心理描写) 4．Seek to understand the other person′s emotions，by putting yourself in their shoes and looking at the situation from their perspective.(主旨升华) Ⅱ.拓展语料背诵 词块 1．drop/lower/bend/bow/hang one′s head低头 2．put/hold/bury one′s head in one′s hands 双手抱头 3．nod/shake one′s head点/摇头 4．rest one′s head on/against把头靠在……上面 5．scratch one′s head 挠头 6．head for/towards 朝……走去 7．raise one′s head 抬头 8．throw one′s head back 把头往后仰 句型 1．When he got home，he buried his head under the quilt，quickly falling asleep. 他回到家，把头埋在被子里，很快就睡着了。 2．Her mother stopped her housework，raising her head with worry in her eyes. 她母亲停下家务活，抬起头，眼里流露出忧虑。(现在分词短语作状语) 3．I rose，sat close to my mother，rested my head on her shoulder and could hardly resist weeping. 我站起来，坐在母亲身边，把头靠在她的肩膀上，忍不住哭了起来。(动作链描写) 4．I walked slowly to the bus，my head down，tears in my eyes. 我慢慢地向公共汽车走去，低着头，眼里含着泪水。(独立主格) Ⅲ.语料综合运用 　　被朋友误解了，索菲感到很尴尬，她挠了挠头，想冲出教室。就在这时，她感到有人轻轻地碰了一下她的胳膊。她抬头一看，原来是张老师在向她点头微笑。虽然她心情不好，但她低下头强作掩饰，勉强挤出一个微笑。得知原因后，张老师安慰并鼓励她与朋友沟通。索菲鼓起勇气，朝她朋友坐的地方走去。 　　Misunderstood by her friend，Sophie was so embarrassed that ①she scratched her head and felt an urge to dash out of the classroom.Just at that moment，she felt a gentle touch on her arm.②Raising her head (现在分词短语作状语)，she saw it was Miss Zhang who ③nodded and smiled at her/smiled at her with a nod．Though she was in a bad mood，she ④dropped/hung/lowered her head to hide it and managed a smile.After knowing the reason，Miss Zhang comforted and encouraged her to communicate with her friend.Gathering her courage，Sophie ⑤headed for/towards where her friend sat. A卷 (时间：25分钟　满分：32．5分) Ⅰ.阅读理解(共8小题，每小题2．5分，共20分) A (2025·济南市高中三年级摸底考试)Are you an open book, your face broadcasting every passing emotion, or more of a poker face, not showing what you are feeling? Scientists at Nottingham Trent University say that wearing your heart on your face, could actually give you a significant social advantage. The study, led by Eithne Kavanagh, a research fellow at NTU′s School of Social Sciences, involving over 1，300 participants, noticed striking variations in how much people moved their faces during conversations．Importantly, this expressiveness emerged as a stable individual quality.People displayed similar levels of facial expressiveness across different contexts, with different social partners, and even over time periods up to four months. The researchers say that facial expressiveness is linked to personality, with more agreeable individuals displaying more lively faces.Facial expressiveness can also translate into concrete social benefits.In a negotiation task, more expressive individuals are more likely to secure a larger slice of a reward.The researchers suggest that for agreeable folks, dynamic facial expressions may serve as a tool for building good relationships and smoothing over conflicts.Across the board, the results point to facial expressiveness serving an “affiliative(有亲和力的) function”， or a social glue that develops liking and smoother interactions. Expressiveness is also linked to being seen as more “readable”， suggesting that a lively face makes one′s intentions and mental states easier for others to decipher．Beyond frequency of facial movements, people who employ facial expressions more strategically to suit social goals, such as looking friendly in a greeting, are also more well­liked. The findings challenge the “poker face” common belief that a still and unemotional appearance is always most advantageous.Instead, they suggest that for most people, allowing one′s face to mirror inner states and intentions can invite warmer reactions.As the researchers conclude, “Being facially expressive is socially advantageous.” So, next time you catch yourself making lines on your forehead, or flashing a smile, know that your face just might be working overtime on your behalf. [语篇解读]本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了研究发现面部表情部反映一个人的内心世界，能给别人带来更温暖的回应，面部表情丰富的人的社交优势更明显。 1．What does Paragraph 2 mainly talk about concerning the study? A．Its impact. B．Its findings. C．Its limitations. D．Its significance. B　[段落大意题。根据第二段内容可知，这项研究涉及1 300多名参与者，研究发现人们在对话中面部表情的变化具有显著差异。重要的是，这种表情表达被认为是一种稳定的个体特质。在不同的情境中，与不同的社交伙伴交流时，甚至在长达四个月的时间段内，人们表现出相似程度的面部表情丰富性。所以该段在讲述研究的结果，故选B。] 2．What may facial expressiveness serve as in negotiation settings? A．A way to frighten competitors. B．A method to hide personality. C．A tool to show personal quality. D．A strategy to settle disagreement. D　[推理判断题。根据第三段的“In a negotiation task...secure a larger slice of a reward...smoothing over conflicts”可知，在谈判任务中，更具有表现力的人更有可能获得更大份额的奖励。研究人员表明，对于那些和蔼可亲的人，有活力的面部表情也许能够成为构建良好关系和缓和冲突的工具。故选D。D项中的“strategy”是对文中“tool”的同义转换；“settle disagreement”是对文中“smoothing over conflicts”的同义转换。] 3．What does the underlined word “decipher” in Paragraph 4 probably mean? A．Copy. B．Overlook. C．Remember. D．Interpret. D　[词义猜测题。根据第四段，尤其是“Expressiveness is also linked to being seen as more ′readable′…for others to decipher”可知，面部表情丰富也被认为是更可读懂的，表明一张活跃热情的脸能让一个人的目的和精神状态更容易被其他人知晓。故选D。D项的“Interpret”是对文中“readable”的同义转换。] 4．What may the author advise based on the findings of the study? A．Always wearing a still face. B．Learning to be an open book. C．Speaking out inner emotions. D．Forcing a smile through tears. B　[推理判断题。根据第五段内容可知，基于研究结果，科学家表示，对于大多数人来说，让面部反映内心状态和意图可以引来更温暖的反应。研究者总结说，面部表情丰富在社交中是有利的。故基于研究结果，作者可能会建议大家让自己表情外露，让自己容易被人了解。故选B。] B (2025·福州市高三年级第一次质量检测)In a digital, global world where thinking critically and generating new ideas count, a cradle­to­career approach to educating children must be mindful of how children learn to learn, not just what they learn.The Intellectual Lives of Children allows readers to look into the minds of kids as they explore and learn in everyday moments, emphasizing what constitutes real learning. Children are born with playful curiosity.They ask questions about everything—Why does a tree have leaves? Why does the Sun come up? These questions help children discover the causal relationships among things—all with the guidance of adults. Yet explorations take time.As Engel writes，“when children are allowed to dive into a topic thoroughly, they connect unrelated facts and generate new ideas.” The real mental work takes place as they play—when a child builds a platform of chairs to get cookies from an out­of­reach cookie box.Hidden in these moments are strengthened curiosity and innovation.Hurried parents often lack the ability to allow that time, fearing that their children might be late for their next scheduled activity. “It becomes clear that the educational system in the U．S.does not concern itself with children′s intellectual lives，”warns Engel in the book.Instead, she hopes to reimagine schools as “idea factories” built on inspiring curiosity：Imagine assessing students′ progress under some new headings: pose interesting questions...and spend time solving them. In one lovely example, Engel describes a teacher who challenged her students to construct a record­breaking straw chain measuring 3.8 miles.“Winning would be fun, but the cognitive (认知的) benefits would be far­reaching，” explains the teacher, whose goal was to help the children better understand the depth of the Mariana Trench. With scientific insight and vivid examples, Engel′s book offers tips for how to make the learning more apparent.She encourages parents to see children as active thinkers and suggests that by asking open­ended questions and letting them explore, children will be better prepared for a complex and ever­changing world. [语篇解读]本文是说明文。文章通过介绍The Intellectual Lives of Children一书，探讨了如何将孩子爱玩的好奇心转变成真正的学习，即激发孩子的好奇心，通过玩耍让孩子充分探索、积极思考。 5．How will children′s playful curiosity become real learning? A．By giving kids a time limit. B．By planning out extra activities. C．By remembering casual facts. D．By allowing kids to fully explore. D　[细节理解题。根据第一段的“The Intellectual Lives of Children allows readers to look into the minds of kids as they explore and learn in everyday moments, emphasizing what constitutes real learning”可知，The Intellectual Lives of Children一书让读者在孩子日常探索和学习时了解他们的想法，强调什么是真正的学习。第二段讲孩子天生就有爱玩的好奇心。根据第三段的“when children are allowed to dive into a topic thoroughly, they connect unrelated facts and generate new ideas”“The real mental work takes place as they play”可知，当孩子被允许深入研究一个话题时，他们会把不相关的事实联系起来，产生新的想法，真正的脑力劳动发生在他们玩耍的时候。第一段的“real learning”与第三段的“The real mental work”是同义表达，第一段的“explore and learn in everyday moments”与第三段的“dive into a topic”“play”均是孩子的“explorations”。由此可知，当孩子被允许充分探索时，他们爱玩的好奇心就会变成真正的学习。故选D。D项中的“fully”与第三段的“thoroughly”是同义表达。A项“通过给孩子一个时间限制”；B项“通过计划额外的活动”；C项“通过记住偶然的事实”。] 6．What′s Engel′s attitude toward American educational system? A．Critical. B．Unclear. C．Unconcerned. D．Tolerant. A　[观点态度题。根据第四段的“′It becomes clear that the educational system in the U．S.does not concern itself with children′s intellectual lives，′warns Engel in the book.Instead，she hopes to reimagine schools as ′idea factories′ built on inspiring curiosity”可知，Engel在书中警告说，很明显，美国的教育系统并不关心孩子们的智力生活。相反，她希望将学校重新想象成建立在激发好奇心基础上的“创意工厂”。由此可知，Engel对美国的教育系统持批判态度，故选A。unclear“不确定的”；unconcerned“不关心的”；tolerant“容忍的”。] 7．What is special about Engel′s book? A．It presents a complicated world. B．It promotes scheduled activities. C．It combines science and practice. D．It features open­ended questions. C　[细节理解题。根据最后一段的第一句话“With scientific insight and vivid examples, Engel′s book offers tips for how to make the learning more apparent”可知，通过科学的见解和生动的例子，Engel的书提供了如何使学习更加明显的建议。由此可知，Engel的书结合了科学和实践。故选C。A项“它呈现一个复杂的世界”；B项“它促进预先安排的活动”；D项“它的特点是无确定答案的问题”。] 8．What is the best title for the text? A．Fun Inspires Kids′ Curiosity B．Play Develops Better Thinkers C．Learning Feeds Young Minds D．Hurried Parents Teach Kids Well B　[标题归纳题。本文通过介绍The Intellectual Lives of Children一书强调通过玩耍让孩子充分探索，促使其真正学习，积极思考。A项“乐趣激发孩子的好奇心”；B项“玩耍培养更好的思考者”；C项“学习滋养年轻人的思想”；D项“匆忙的父母教好孩子”。故B项最适合作本文的标题。] Ⅱ.阅读七选五(共5小题，每小题2．5分，共12．5分) (2025·广东六校二联)Here are the do′s and don′ts of showing your support for your friends when they′re having a hard time. 1( ) There are two problematic kinds of helpers: enthusiasts and fretters.Enthusiasts tend to push their advice—to insist on fixing or overcoming the problem.Fretters are so worried about their friend′s challenges that they are constantly concerned about whether they are doing enough to help.Try to keep those behaviors in check.No one should have to manage you when they′re going through a tragedy. Don′t minimize the pain and stay away from statistics.For example, if a friend failed the college entrance exam, don′t tell him that 70% of students end in failure.Remember that it doesn′t mean less pain just because it happens to a lot of people.2( ) Keep the focus on your friends.When your friends are talking to you, it′s easy for you to share a similar story in an effort to relate and connect.3( ) They might feel that you′ve made their pain about you.If you do feel that your experience might be helpful to them, let them know that you went through something similar but allow them to decide if they want to hear about it at the moment. Showing up isn′t a one­time thing.Remember grief (悲伤) is so complex and that your friends might go through several stages of sorrow.4( ) It means a lot if your friends know that you are thinking about them all the time. Ask your friends how you can best help.5( ) Just ask. A．Don′t let them stay alone. B．But it′s not always welcome. C．Try not to be over­enthusiastic or over­worried. D．Keep in touch with them and see if they need your support. E．Share it with them immediately to show them they are not alone. F．You don′t need to automatically know what kind of help they want. G．Instead, feel with your friend the bigness of what they′re going through. [语篇解读]本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了支持处于困难中的朋友时的注意事项。 1．C　[根据文本结构可知，空处考查段落主旨句。下文提到了两种存在问题的帮助者，即倾向于推进他们建议的“enthusiasts”和过度担心的“fretters”，所以本段主要建议不要过于热情或过于担心，故选C。] 2．G　[空前举例说明要远离统计数据，空处应具体讲我们应该怎样做。再结合选项意思可知，G项“相反，和你的朋友一起感受他们正在经历的问题的沉重”给出了正确的做法，符合语境。] 3．B　[本段建议把注意力放在你的朋友身上。空前讲当你的朋友和你说话时，为了获得认同和建立联系，你很容易分享一个相似的故事。空后讲他们可能会觉得你把他们的痛苦变成了你的。故空处应表示不支持空前的那种做法。B项“但它并不总是受欢迎的”符合语境，选项中的it指代空前的行为。] 4．D　[空前讲悲伤是非常复杂的，你的朋友可能会经历几个阶段的悲伤。空后讲如果你的朋友知道你每时每刻都在想着他们，这对他们来说意义重大。故空处应该有关让朋友知道你时刻在想他们的具体做法，D项“与他们保持联系，看看他们是否需要你的支持”符合语境，选项中的them和they指代空前的“your friends”。] 5．F　[本段建议问问你的朋友如何以最好的方式给予帮助，F项“你不需要自动知道他们想要什么样的帮助”，即建议询问，符合本段主旨。] B卷 (时间：30分钟　满分：40分) Ⅰ.阅读理解(共4小题，每小题2．5分，共10分) (2025·鄂豫皖五十三校联考)Aleksey Vasiliev is a photographer based in the remote Russian region of Yakutia, a freezing place where temperatures can get as low as－58 degrees Fahrenheit (－50 degrees Celsius).He is known for capturing the daily lives of Yakutians, and his photos are both fascinating and a little eerie. In a recent interview with us, the photographer admitted that he used to be an alcoholic in the past, and when he finally decided to stop drinking, he needed something to fill the void that quitting left.That′s when he got into photography.Aleksey says that he′s inspired by Yakutia, even though he used to dream of traveling the world.“Yakutia seemed to me like a hole, an icy desert，” said the photographer. Until 2018, photography was nothing more than a hobby for Aleksey.But then he won a grant and went on to study documentary photography at the DocDocDoc photography school in St.Petersburg. The photographer explained that Yakutia has long and freezing winters, where the temperatures can drop all the way down to－50 or even－60 degrees Celsius (－58 Fahrenheit to－76 Fahrenheit).“This winter was really cold, so we had to live in－60 Celsius for a while，” said Aleksey.“If it were not for the daily need to go out, people would prefer to stay at home all the time, drink hot tea and wait for spring.In winter, life practically stops; a dense fog during severe frosts obscures the sunlight for several weeks or months.” However, despite that, Aleksey welcomes people to visit Yakutia: “You will never forget this trip in your life.I promise you.” [语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了俄罗斯雅库特地区摄影师Aleksey Vasiliev的故事。他通过摄影记录雅库特人的日常生活，尽管该地区气候寒冷，但他仍鼓励人们参观雅库特。 1．What does the underlined word “void” in Paragraph 2 refer to? A．Gap. B．Form. C．Emptiness. D．Anger. C　[词义猜测题。根据第二段中的“he used to be an alcoholic in the past, and when he finally decided to stop drinking, he needed something to fill the...that quitting left.”可知，当他最终决定戒酒时，他需要一些东西来填补戒酒留下的空虚。所以“void”在这里指的是“空虚”。故选C项。] 2．What do we know about Aleksey Vasiliev? A．He has been an alcoholic in Russian region of Yakutia. B．He travelled to an icy desert named Yakutia. C．He began to take photography as a hobby in 2018． D.He took up photography thanks to the inspiration from Yakutia. D　[细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Aleksey says that he′s inspired by Yakutia, even though he used to dream of traveling the world.”可知，他是受到雅库特的启发而开始摄影的。故选D项。] 3．What can we learn about Yakutia? A．People there tend to stay at home unless they want daily necessities. B．The temperature ranges from－50 Fahrenheit to －60 Fahrenheit. C．The life there runs smoothly all year round. D．The sunlight time in winter remains long. A　[细节理解题。根据第四段中的“If it were not for the daily need to go out, people would prefer to stay at home all the time, drink hot tea and wait for spring.”可知，除非他们需要日常必需品，否则那里的人们倾向于一直待在家里。故选A项。] 4．What words can best describe Aleksey Vasiliev? A．Mean and alcoholic. B．Brave and enthusiastic. C．Honest and modest. D．Kind and emotional. B　[推理判断题。根据第二段可知，尽管 Aleksey曾经认为Yakutia是一个“冰冷的沙漠”，但他仍然从中找到了灵感，并专注于拍摄这个地方，这体现了他对摄影的热情；再根据最后一段中的“However, despite that, Aleksey welcomes people to visit Yakutia: ′You will never forget this trip in your life.I promise you′”可知，尽管雅库特地区气候寒冷，但Aleksey仍然欢迎人们参观雅库特，他克服了挑战并且找到了新的生活方向，这体现了他的勇气。故选B项。] Ⅱ.完形填空(共15小题，每小题1分，共15分) (2025·杭州市高三教学质检)Gang (团伙) tensions were rising at Southwood High School.Some community activists held a(n) 1 meeting with parents and the principal.A group of the fathers 2 decided it was time to make their 3 known on campus. That′s how Dads on Duty was born with its goal—make sure the kids are 4 ．Around 40 men were organized into six­person shifts, with two shifts on campus every day.They 5 the day after the meeting.These people 6 their own schedules and arrangement without complaint.Some of them are fathers of kids at the school, while others are not but expect the youth in their community to know they have a(n) 7 village behind them. Now, anyone who wants to enter the school with 8 will have to avoid energetic papa bears, big smiles and many dad jokes.It′s hard to be a tough guy when somebody′s uncle has just 9 you into checking your shoelaces for countless times, only to find that they are not, in fact, untied. Since Dads on Duty arrived on campus, gang battles have 10 declined.“The school has been 11 ．You can feel it，” said one student.Another told The Washington Post, “They 12 all the kids like we′re their own children.” The dads aren′t meant to 13 security guards.If they do see a(n) 14 is about to occur, they will get security on the scene as soon as possible.Their presence is meant to be more 15 than reactionary. [语篇解读]本文是记叙文。在一所高中校园里，有一个值班的队伍由父亲们组成，被称为值班父亲团。他们的存在让校园的帮派现象变少，让校园欢快起来。 1． A．regular B．difficult C．emergency D．scheduled C　[根据上文的“Gang (团伙) tensions were rising at Southwood High School”可知，因为帮派现象愈演愈烈，所以一些社区活跃分子和父母、校长举行了一次紧急会议。emergency“突发事件”；scheduled“计划好的”。] 2． A．on duty B．in attendance C．at work D．under guard B　[根据上文的“Some community activists held a(n) 1 meeting with parents and the principal”可知，父母参与了会议，所以此处应是出席的父亲们。on duty值班，值勤；in attendance“出席”；at work“在工作”；under guard“在看守下”。] 3． A．voice B．status C．effort D．presence D　[根据下文的“known on campus”并结合上文内容可知，应是让大家知道他们的存在。句意：出席的父亲们决定，是时候让人们知道他们在校园里的存在了。status“地位”；presence“在场，出席”。] 4． A．safe B．hardworking C．healthy D．equal A　[根据上文的“Gang (团伙) tensions were rising...and the principal”可知，因为校园里帮派关系逐渐紧张，父亲们才参与会议，故可推知此处是说目的是确保校园内孩子们的安全。hardworking“努力的”；equal“平等的”。] 5． A．practiced B．started C．gathered D．prepared B　[根据上文的“Around 40 men were organized into six­person shifts, with two shifts on campus every day”可知，父亲们开始分工，大约40名男子组成6人值班组，每天校园两班。之后父亲们就开始值班。gather“聚集”。] 6． A．check B．maintain C．sacrifice D．arrange C　[根据后面的“without complaint”可知，父亲们个个毫无抱怨主动牺牲自己的时间和安排。maintain“保持”；sacrifice“牺牲”。] 7． A．large B．wild C．entire D．local C　[根据上文的“expect the youth in their community to know”以及下文的“village behind them”并结合选项可知，此处表达“他们背后有全村的支持”。] 8． A．confusion B．anger C．fright D．shock B　[根据下文的“will have to avoid energetic papa bears, big smiles and many dad jokes”可知，需要避开父亲们的笑容和玩笑。结合选项可知，应是带着愤怒的人需要避开父亲们，故选B。anger与空后big smiles相对应。] 9． A．tricked B．persuaded C．forced D．scared A　[根据下文的“checking your shoelaces for countless times, only to find that they are not, in fact, untied”可知，无数次检查你的鞋带，却发现它们实际上并没有松开，所以应是骗你检查。trick“欺骗”；persuade“说服”；force“强迫”；scare“惊吓”。] 10．A．never B．unexpectedly C．further D．dramatically D　[根据语境和常识可知，自从父亲们进入校园开始值班，校园帮派斗争明显减少了。unexpectedly“意外地”；dramatically“显著地”。] 11．A．happy B．curious C．cautious D．innovative A　[根据语境可知，校园帮派斗争明显减少，校园不再令人恐惧，学生们有安全感，校园变得欢乐起来。curious“好奇的”；cautious“小心的”；innovative“创新的”。] 12．A．yell at B．interact with C．make fun of D．look up to B　[根据语境“像我们是他们的孩子一样”可知，此处描述的是父亲们和孩子们之间的交往方式。yell at“对……大声叫喊”；interact with“与……互动”；make fun of“嘲笑”；look up to“仰慕”。] 13．A．change B．post C．replace D．criticize C　[根据下文的“they will get security on the scene as soon as possible”可知，父亲们会呼叫保安，所以不是来替代(replace)他们的。] 14．A．debate B．theft C．fight D．instance C　[根据语境并结合选项可知，当父亲们确定看到可能出现校园打斗现象时，他们会尽快呼叫保安。] 15．A．practical B．extraordinary C．temporary D．preventive D　[根据上文的“If they do see a(n) 14 is about to occur, they will get security on the scene as soon as possible”可知，看到可能发生打斗就会尽快呼叫保安，提前预防，所以他们的存在更多的是预防性质的。practical“实际的”；extraordinary“非同寻常的”；temporary“临时的”；preventive“预防性的”。] Ⅲ.语法填空(共10个空，每空1．5分，共15分) (2025·鄂东南联盟学校模拟)Shenzhen University offered pillows as a graduation gift to graduates last Sunday 1 the hope of reminding them of the importance of sleep and pursuing their dreams. At the graduation ceremony, president of the university Mao Junfa encouraged the young graduates 2 (attach) importance to their health and avoid staying up late.He warned them not to wait until sleep becomes 3 luxury.The front of the pillow features four different designs that contain iconic buildings 4 (represent) Shenzhen and the university.On the back, a message from the university 5 (read), “Look up at the starry sky at night to dream, 6 step solidly on the ground during the day to chase dreams.” Mao said that instead of 7 (wake) up by an alarm clock in the morning, it is the problems they need to solve and the dreams they desire to achieve 8 get them out of bed. In previous years, the university gifted graduates items such as umbrellas with the meaning of breaking a path through troubles and backpacks symbolizing 9 (adventure) spirit. In addition to the customized pillows, the university also prepared commemorative test tubes of soil and 10 (branch) from the university′s lychee garden.The materials were carefully selected, collected and sterilized for graduates to take away as part of their memories of the school. [语篇解读]本文是一篇新闻报道。主要报道了上周日，深圳大学向毕业生们赠送了枕头作为礼物，希望以此提醒他们睡眠和追求梦想的重要性。 1．in/with　[考查固定短语。句意：上周日，深圳大学向毕业生们赠送了枕头作为礼物，希望以此提醒他们睡眠和追求梦想的重要性。此处为固定短语in/with the hope of“带着希望”，满足句意要求。故填in/with。] 2．to attach　[考查固定短语。句意：在毕业典礼上，该校校长毛军发鼓励年轻毕业生重视健康，避免熬夜。此处为固定短语encourage sb. to do sth.“鼓励某人做某事”。故填to attach。] 3．a　[考查冠词。句意：他警告他们不要等到睡觉变成一种奢侈的事。根据句意以及空后luxury为单数名词可知，此处为表示泛指“一种奢侈的事”为泛指概念，结合luxury首音节为辅音音素，所以填入不定冠词a，故填a。] 4．representing　[考查非谓语动词。句意：枕头的正面有四种不同的设计，包含代表深圳和深圳大学的标志性建筑。分析句子可知，此处为非谓语动词作后置定语修饰buildings，buildings和represent为主动关系，所以为现在分词形式。故填representing。] 5．reads　[考查动词时态。句意：背面是学校的留言：“晚上仰望星空做梦，白天脚踏实地追梦。”此处为谓语动词的填入，根据句意可知，此处为陈述客观事实，为一般现在时，结合主语a message为单数名词，所以为动词三单形式。故填reads。] 6．and　[考查连词。句意：背面是学校的留言：“晚上仰望星空做梦，白天脚踏实地追梦。”根据句意可知，此处为连词and表示“以及，并且”，连接前后两个动词Look up和step。故填and。] 7．being woken　[考查动名词的被动结构。句意：毛校长说，叫醒他们的不是早上的闹钟，而是他们需要解决的问题和想要实现的梦想。由空前instead of可知，此处为动名词形式，结合wake up和逻辑主语they为被动关系，所以为动名词的被动结构。故填being woken。] 8．that　[考查强调句型。句意：毛校长说，叫醒他们的不是早上的闹钟，而是他们需要解决的问题和想要实现的梦想。分析句子可知，该句为it is...that/who...的强调句型，被强调部分为句子主语the problems they need to solve and the dreams they desire to achieve。故填that。] 9．adventurous　[考查形容词。句意：前几年，该校曾向毕业生赠送象征着破除困难的雨伞和象征着冒险精神的背包等礼物，由空后spirit为名词可知，此处为形容词adventurous“冒险的”作定语修饰该名词，满足句意要求。故填adventurous。] 10．branches　[考查名词复数。句意：除了定制的枕头，学校还准备了“纪念试管”，里面装有土壤和学校荔枝园的树枝。branch“树枝”为可数名词，根据句意可知，此处应为名词复数形式，满足句意要求。故填branches。] 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $