选修4 Unit 2 Understanding each other（教师用书Word）-【金版新学案】2026年高考英语高三总复习大一轮复习讲义（译林版）

该高中英语讲义围绕高考核心考点，系统整合词汇（阅读/多义/核心/拓展分层）、短语、句式及语篇知识，按“词汇积累-句式运用-语篇构建”逻辑递进。通过考点梳理（如熟词生义辨析）、方法指导（前缀en-/em-推测词义）、真题训练（2024全国甲卷实例）等环节，帮助学生构建完整知识网络，突破词汇语境运用与写作逻辑难点。 讲义创新采用“三维联动”复习法，以语言能力培养为核心，结合思维品质提升，如读后续写头部动作词块训练（drop/lower head等）强化动作描写，应用文话题语义场构建（沟通技巧/社交活动）深化语用能力。设置基础巩固与能力提升分层练习，配合即时反馈，确保高效突破考点，为教师精准把控复习节奏、提升学生应考能力提供有力支持。

任务(一)　词汇、句式、语篇背诵 单词多维背诵 阅读单词 1．encode vt.把……编码；把……译成电码(或密码) 2．decode vt.解(码)，破译(尤指密码) 3．enterprise n．公司，企业；规划，事业 4．empathy n．同感，共鸣，同情 5．empathize vi.有同感，产生共鸣 6．kindergarten n．学前班；幼儿园 7．integrate vt.& vi.(使)合并；(使)加入 8．bilingual adj.会说两种语言的；用两种语言(写)的[前缀：bi­表示“两个，两”] 9．intervention n．干涉行为，干预 10．tribe n．部落 11．linguist n．语言学家，通晓数国语言的人 12．canteen n．食堂，餐厅 13．feedback n．反馈的意见(或信息)[合成词：feed＋back] 14．friction n．争执；摩擦；摩擦力 15．straightforward adj.坦诚的；简单的[合成词：straight＋forward] 多义单词 [熟词生义] 1．contest [熟义]n.比赛，竞赛；争夺，竞争vt.争取赢得→[生义]vt.就……提出异议 2．react [熟义]vi.(对……)作出反应；起化学反应→[生义]vi.过敏 3．gesture [熟义]n.手势，姿势；姿态，表示→[生义]vt.& vi.做手势，用手势示意 4.accent [熟义]n.口音，腔调；重音；着重点，强调→[生义] vt.着重，强调，突出 5．gain [熟义]vt.& vi.获得；增进，增长；(从……中)受益→[生义]n.好处，利益 [一词多义] 6．correspond ①vi.类似于 ②vi.相一致，符合 ③vi.通信 核心单词 [围绕话题——沟通与交际] 1．obtain a very clear result得到一个非常明确的结果 2．with arms folded双臂交叉 3．a knowledgeable teacher 一名知识渊博的老师 4．make adjustments to your own tone调整一下你自己的语气 5．enlarge your vocabulary扩大词汇量 6．recite Tang poems背诵唐诗 7．improve our handwriting 使书写更加美观 8．welcome you to China warmly and sincerely热情而真诚地欢迎您来到中国 拓展单词 1． react vi.　　　　 (对……)作出反应；起化学反应；有不良反应，过敏 reaction n. 反应，回应；副作用 2． gentle adj. 温柔的；温和的；柔和的 gently adv. 温柔地；温和地 3． competent adj. 足以胜任的，有能力的；称职的 competence n. 能力；胜任 4． suit vt. 满足需要；相配，合身 n. 套装，西装，西服 suitable adj. 合适的；适宜的 5． negotiate vt.& vi. 谈判；商定，达成(协议) negotiation n. 谈判；磋商；协商 6． clarify vt. 使更清晰易懂，阐明 clarification n. 说(阐)明；解释 7． sympathy n. 同情；赞同 sympathetic adj. 同情的，有同情心的 8． approve vt.& vi. 赞成；批准，通过(计划、要求等) approval n. 赞成；同意；批准；通过 disapprove vt.& vi. 不赞成；不同意 disapproval n. 不赞成；反对 9． precise adj.　 　 　 准确的；确切的；精确的 precisely adv. 准确地，恰好地；细心地；正是，确实 10．prefer vt. 更喜欢；选择某事物(而不选择其他事物) preference n. 偏爱；偏爱的事物 11．embarrass vt. 使窘迫，使尴尬；使困惑；使为难 embarrassed adj. 窘迫的，尴尬的；拮据的 embarrassing adj. 令人尴尬的；令人害羞的 embarrassment n. 窘迫，难堪；使人为难的人或事物；拮据 12．intend vt. 计划；打算 intention n. 意图，计划 13．behave vt.& vi. 表现得体，有礼貌；表现 behaviour n. 行为；举止；习性 14.tolerate vt. 　 容许，允许；忍受，容忍；能经受 tolerance n. 容忍；忍受 tolerant adj. 宽容的；容忍的 15．fluent adj. (尤指外语)流利的，熟练的 fluently adv. 流利地；流畅地 fluency n. 流利；流畅 16．oppose vt. 反对，抵制；与……对垒 opposed adj. 反对的；对立的 opposition n. 反对，反抗 17．reject vt. 拒绝接受，不予考虑；不录用；排斥，排异 rejection n. 拒绝，摈弃 18．tend vi. 趋向，倾向 tendency n. 趋势，趋向；倾向，偏好 短语巧学助记 1．put yourself in sb′s shoes 处于某人的境地，设身处地 2．account for sth 是……的说明(或原因)；(数量上、比例上)占 3．approve of 赞成，赞同[近义：agree with] 4．broaden one′s mind 拓宽视野，开阔眼界[同义：broaden one′s horizons] 5．function as 起……的作用 6．in response 作为回答，作为反应 7．refer to 指的是；参考；查阅[近义：look up] 8．be based on 以……为基础 9．share...with...与……分享…… 10．under this circumstance 在这种情况下 11．out of style 过时的[反义：in fashion 流行的] 12．for instance 例如[同义：for example] 句式遮挡背诵 1．When spoken by a stranger，they can function as a means of attracting your attention.(状语从句的省略) 2．Much of what we communicate is dependent not only on the words we use，but also on how we use them.(not only...but also...) 3．Once you have obtained this information，you can use it to determine how best to communicate with them.(once引导条件状语从句) 4．While being knowledgeable about body language is vital，the value of empathy should not be understated.(while引导让步状语从句) 5．No sooner had I begun to understand how British people communicate than it was time to head back home.(no sooner...than...) 6．It is also through those words that novel ideas are spread and different beliefs are exchanged more conveniently and quickly.(强调句型) [遮住左栏尝试背诵] 1．如果说这句话的是一个陌生人，这可以作为引起你注意的一种方式。 2．我们交流的大部分内容不仅取决于我们使用的词语，还取决于我们如何使用它们。 3．一旦你获得了这一信息，你就可以用它来决定如何最好地与他们沟通。 4．虽然了解肢体语言很重要，但同情心的价值也不应该被低估。 5．我刚开始了解英国人的沟通方式就到要回家的时候了。 6．也正是通过那些词，新思想的传播、不同观点的交流得以更加便捷。 语篇词汇串记 　　Last Saturday，we attended a lecture given by a knowledgeable linguist on how to be a competent communicator. Firstly，we should figure out the whole procedure of communication which involves the encoding，decoding and feedback of information.Besides，obtain as much as others′ information so that we can choose the best communication channel that suits the situation.For example，when we negotiate with a large enterprise，we should talk in a straightforward way.In addition，proper body language can help us avoid friction．Lastly，the value of empathy should be accented．In other words，it is important that we should put ourselves in their shoes．While we may not approve of others′ ideas，we could try to see what influences their emotions and empathize with them as well as adjust our tone． In a word，from the lecture，we have gained much knowledge about effective communication and broadened our minds！ [遮住左栏，忆加黑词汇] 上周六，我们参加了由一位知识渊博的语言学家讲授的关于如何成为一名出色的沟通者的讲座。 首先，我们应该找出涉及信息的编码、解码、反馈的整个沟通过程。此外，获取尽可能多的他人信息，这样我们就可以选择最适合实际情况的沟通渠道。例如，当我们与大型企业谈判时，我们应该以一种直接的方式交谈。此外，正确的肢体语言可以帮助我们避免摩擦。最后，应该重视同理心的价值。换句话说，换位思考很重要。虽然我们可能不赞成别人的想法，但我们可以试图看看是什么影响了他们的情绪，然后施以同情，并调整我们的语气。 总之，从讲座中，我们获得了很多关于有效沟通的知识，也拓宽了我们的视野！ Part 1　核心词句——学表达 react vi.(对……)作出反应；有不良反应，过敏；起化学反应→reaction n．反应 【用法归纳】 ◎react to 对……作出反应 ◎react with 与……起(化学)反应 ◎react against 反对；反抗；反叛 ◎in reaction to 对……作出反应/以应对…… 【写作语料】 ◎how to react to the matter如何应对这件事 ◎react to emergency应对紧急情况 ◎encouraged by the positive reaction of the audience被观众的积极反应所鼓舞 【语境运用】　词义辨析/单句填空/完成句子 ①The study shows that someone allergic to milk is likely to react badly to cheese.词义：过敏 ②As the knowledgeable expert says，children tend to react against their parents by going against their wishes. ③The experiment shows how iron reacts with air and water，from which we gain a lot. ④我们别无选择，只能用喷雾剂来应对熊的攻击。 We have no choice but to use the spray in reaction to the bear′s attack． approve vi.赞成；同意 vt.批准；通过→approval n．赞成；通过；同意；批准→approving adj.赞许的；许可的 【用法归纳】 ◎approve sth批准某事 ◎approve of赞成；同意 ◎in approval赞同地 ◎give one′s approval to赞同，批准 ◎gain/get/win one′s approval得到某人的同意；赢得某人的赞同 【写作语料】 ◎meet with approval 得到赞同 ◎approve our proposal批准我们的提议 ◎persuade him to approve of my plan 说服他同意我的计划 【语境运用】　单句填空/完成句子/一句多译 ①(2024·全国甲卷)The rapid expansion of high­speed rail networks has met with widespread public approval (approve) in China. ②听到提议后，在场的人都从椅子上站起来鼓掌，点头赞同。[读后续写之动作描写] Having heard the proposal，all people present arose from their chairs and applauded，nodding in approval． ③如果您能批准我们筹集资金的提议，我将不胜感激。[应用文写作之感谢信] →I would appreciate it if you could approve our proposal to raise money．(approve) →I would be grateful if you could give your approval to our proposal to raise money．(approval) correspond vi.相一致；符合；相当于；通信→correspondence n．来往信件；通信联系 【用法归纳】 ◎correspond to/with sth 与……相一致 ◎correspond with sb 与……通信 ◎in correspondence with sb 与某人通信联系 【写作语料】 ◎correspond closely 紧密相符 ◎maintain correspondence 保持通信 ◎the correspondence address 通信地址 【语境运用】　完成句子/一句多译 ①我发现我的经历与其他人相符，他们也分享了类似的挑战与胜利。 I found that my experiences corresponded with those of others, who shared similar challenges and triumphs. ②只有当你言行一致时，你才能和其他人建立更好的关系。 →You can make better relationships with others only when what you do corresponds with what you say． →Only when what you do corresponds with what you say can you make better relationships with others.(倒装句) behave vi.& vt.表现得体，有礼貌；表现→behavio(u)r n．行为；举止；习性 【用法归纳】 ◎behave oneself行为规矩；表现得体 ◎behave well/badly to/towards sb对待某人好/差 ◎well­behaved/badly­behaved adj.表现好/差的 【写作语料】 ◎behave in a polite manner 以礼貌的方式行事 【语境运用】　单句填空/完成句子 ①Believe it or not，your brother′s behavio(u)r (behave) on the stage really broadened my mind. ②建议你参加宴会时，应该举止得体。作为举止得体的客人，你不应把筷子插在食物里，或者用筷子指着其他人。[应用文写作之传统习俗] It is suggested that you (should) behave yourself when attending feasts.As a well­behaved guest，you shouldn′t stick your chopsticks in the food or point at others with them. embarrassed adj.窘迫的，尴尬的；拮据的→embarrass vt.使窘迫，使尴尬；使困惑；使为难→embarrassing adj.令人害羞的；令人尴尬的→embarrassment n．尴尬；难堪；令人为难 【用法归纳】 ◎be embarrassed at/about因……感到尴尬 ◎to one′s embarrassment令某人尴尬的是 ◎with/in embarrassment尴尬地，窘迫地 【写作语料】 读后续写之心理描写——尴尬与羞愧 ◎burn/blush/flush with embarrassment/shame因尴尬/羞愧而脸上发烫/发红 ◎in an embarrassed voice/tone用一种尴尬的声音/语气 ◎an awkward/embarrassed silence/moment/pause尴尬的沉默/瞬间/停顿 ◎feel terribly embarrassed感到非常尴尬 【语境运用】　完成句子 ①让她特别尴尬的是，她意识到大家都在盯着她看。 Much to her embarrassment，she realized that everyone was staring at her. ②那女孩感到羞愧和尴尬，她低下头盯着地面。 So ashamed and embarrassed was the girl that she lowered her head and stared at the ground. ③这篇帖子深深地触动了我的灵魂，我为自己的愚蠢行为感到羞愧，尴尬得脸都红了。 The post touched my soul so much that I felt ashamed of my foolish behavior，with my face burning with embarrassment． ④我依偎在他的肩膀上，用尴尬的声音喃喃自语：“从现在开始，我要把精力集中在我们的现实生活，而不是虚拟世界。” I snuggled up against his shoulder，murmuring in an embarrassed voice/tone，“I will focus on our real life instead of the virtual world from now on.” tendency n．倾向；偏好；趋势，趋向→tend vi.往往，趋向 vt.& vi.照看，护理；照料 【用法归纳】 ◎have a tendency to do sth 有做某事的倾向 ◎tend to do...倾向于做……；往往会…… ◎tend (to) sb 照顾某人 【写作语料】 ◎have a tendency to cross arms in front of his chest倾向于在胸前交叉双臂 【语境运用】　单句填空/句式转换 ①As is often the case，most of us have a tendency (tend) to be nervous in speech contests. ②It is reported that in some big cities housing prices tend to go (go) down. ③Children tend to behave well in the presence of strangers. →Children have a tendency to behave well in the presence of strangers.(tendency) 句式：no sooner...than... 【教材原句】　No sooner had I begun to understand how British people communicate than it was time to head back home.我刚开始了解英国人的沟通方式就到要回家的时候了。 【用法归纳】 ◎no sooner...than...“刚……就……；一……就……”引导时间状语从句，主句通常用过去完成时，从句通常用一般过去时。 ◎no sooner位于句首时，主句要部分倒装，而than引导的从句不倒装。有类似用法的还有hardly...when...。 ◎常见的表示“一……就……”的词汇还有：as soon as，the moment/minute/instant，immediately/instantly/directly，on/upon＋n./动词­ing形式 【佳句背诵】　 ①No sooner had he arrived in Beijing than he came to visit us，which accounted for my appreciation. 他一到达北京，就来拜访我们，这是我感激他的原因。 ②(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)Hardly had David arrived at the finish line when all the teachers and classmates cheered for him. 大卫刚到达终点线，所有的老师和同学就都为他欢呼喝彩。 【仿写借鉴】 (2020·浙江7月卷)一看到可怕的熊，我就屏住了呼吸，一动也不敢动。[读后续写之恐惧心理描写] ①No sooner had I seen a frightening bear than I held my breath，not daring to make a movement.(no sooner...than...；倒装) ②Hardly had I seen a frightening bear when I held my breath，not daring to make a movement.(hardly...when...；倒装) ③On/Upon seeing a frightening bear，I held my breath，not daring to make a movement.(On/Upon doing...) Part 2　阅读词汇——善辨义 1．suit A．n.(一套)衣服 B.vt.对某人方便;合......的意 ①I was stopped by an old man in a blue suit at the gate of the factory. A ②If you want to go to the bookstore next weekend，that suits me fine. B 2．more than A．不仅仅;不止 B.超过 C.非常 ①Researchers from the University of Leipzig in Germany gathered more than 1，000 retired workers. B ②(2020·天津5月卷)It wasn′t the fact that he′d won；it was more than that. A ③The store is more than happy to deliver goods to your home. C 3．account for A．占....(比例) B.是...的说明(或原因) ①Sarah was bullied at school, which might account for her behaviour now. B ②Lighting accounts for about 7% of the total electricity consumed in the US. A 4．猜测句中加黑部分的词性和汉语意思 ①He made no answer but walked on, gesturing for me to follow.v.做手势；用手示意 ②It was strange that the divorce was not contested.v.就……提出异议 ③In all our products the accent is on quality.n.着重点 ④I told him about the many activities in which I was involved.And I went into a speech about how hard I worked and the gains I was making.n.好处 巧借前缀en­/em­推测词义 前缀en­/em­：意思是“使……进入状态，置于……之中”。 本单元：en (使)＋code(编码)→encode vt.编码；加密 1．The artist engraved a beautiful design on the surface of the metal plate. [词义]en(使)＋grav(重)＋e→engrave vt.雕刻，铭刻 2．The government enacted new laws to improve public safety. [词义]en(使)＋act(行动)→enact vt.制定，颁布(法律) 3．The parents tried to enlighten their children about the importance of education. [词义]en(使)＋light(光明)＋en(动词后缀，使变得)→enlighten vt.启发，开导 4．The new project will empower employees to take on more responsibilities. [词义]em(使)＋power(力量)→empower vt.授权，使能够 5．The government plans to enforce stricter regulations to protect the environment. [词义]en(使)＋force(迫使某人做某事)→enforce vt.强制实施，强制执行 6．The company decided to entitle all employees to additional health benefits. [词义]en(使)＋title(头衔，权利)→entitle vt.使有权，赋予权利 单句语法填空 1．Her parents′ reaction (react) to the news was surprisingly calm. 2．Bruce often corresponds with his friends after graduation. 3．Behave yourself (you); don′t make a fool of yourself. 4．He has gained rich experience from his part­time jobs in these years. 5．In general, what you give tends to get (get) back from the world around you. 6．At the election I voted for the man whom I believed to be the most suitable (suit). 7．They take environmental issues into account wherever possible. 8．I must remind you that at no time will the school tolerate cheating (cheat) in exams. 9．Two hundred people attended the meeting, as opposed (oppose) to three hundred the previous year. 10．Mr.Baker preferred to stay (stay) at home with his children rather than go out for Christmas. (一)应用文写作[沟通与交际] 人们对于学生网上交友持不同意见。请你用英语写一篇关于学生网上交友的短文，介绍人们的不同观点，并表达自己的看法。内容包括： 1．赞成的理由；2．反对的理由；3.你的看法。 用本单元知识和右栏词块翻译句子 1．对于学生是否应该在网上交友，不同的人有不同的反应。(whether 引导宾语从句) Different people react differently to whether students should make friends online. 2．有些人支持它，他们认为通过在线聊天，学生可以更自由地表达自己的感受和意见，甚至可以在外语学习上获得帮助。(现在分词短语作状语) Some people approve of it，believing that through chatting online，students are able to express their feelings and opinions more freely and even get help with their foreign language learning. 3．其他反对此观点的人认为网上交友没有好处。(who引导定语从句) Others who oppose it think it is no good making friends online. 4．他们说，在网上交朋友是浪费时间，这会使学生沉迷于虚拟的世界。 (which 引导非限制性定语从句) They say making friends online is a waste of time，which can make students abandon themselves to the virtual world. 5．我认为，我们学生应该利用互联网来开阔我们的眼界，并把我们的学习、健康和安全放在网络上的诱惑之上。(同位语从句) I hold the belief that we students should use Internet to broaden our minds and place our study，health and safety above the temptations on the Internet. 6．至于友谊，我更喜欢在我的同学和我周围的人身上找到它。 As for friendship，I prefer to find it in my classmates and other people around me. [构建话题语义场] 1．沟通技巧 ①express ideas clearly 清晰表达想法 ②listen actively 积极倾听 ③engage in conversation 参与对话 ④give feedback 提供反馈 ⑤maintain eye contact 保持眼神交流 ⑥use body language effectively 有效运用肢体语言 ⑦express their feelings and opinions more freely更自由地表达自己的感受和意见 2．社交活动 ⑧network with peers 与同龄人建立联系 ⑨make friends online在网上交友 ⑩attend social events 参加社交活动 ⑪join group discussions 参与小组讨论 ⑫participate in team­building activities 参加团队建设活动 ⑬share experiences 分享经历 ⑭volunteer for community service 志愿参与社区服务 ⑮organize a workshop 组织研讨会 ⑯abandon themselves to the virtual world沉迷于虚拟的世界 3．跨文化交流 ⑰understand cultural differences 理解文化差异 ⑱respect diverse perspectives 尊重不同的观点 ⑲participate in cultural exchange programs 参与文化交流项目 ⑳share cultural traditions 分享文化传统 ㉑foster inclusivity 促进包容性 ㉒appreciate different customs 了解不同的习俗 ㉓build cross­cultural relationships 建立跨文化关系 (二)读后续写[沟通与交际＋动作细节描写之头部动作] Ⅰ.教材语料积累 词汇 [情感描写]　gentle adj.温柔的；温和的；柔和的　empathy n．同感，共鸣，同情→empathize vi.有同感，产生共鸣　sympathy n．同情；赞同　embarrassed adj.窘迫的，尴尬的；拮据的　tolerate vt.容许；容忍　pessimistic adj.悲观的，悲观主义的　sincerely adv.真诚地，诚实地 [动作描写]　react vi.(对……)作出反应　obtain vt.获得，赢得　fold vt.折叠　gain vt.& vi.获得；增进，增长；(从……中)受益　gesture vt.& vi.做手势，用手势表示　recite vt.吟诵；列举　slip vi.滑倒；滑落；溜；陷入 佳句 1．For example, if you are a business person negotiating with a large enterprise about a deal，you should do it face to face，using formal language in a straightforward manner.(场景描写) 2．A smile shows you are attentive to the issues being discussed，while looking away with your arms folded can indicate disinterest and create distrust or friction.(动作描写) 3．If someone looks at you with a confused expression，this could indicate that they have not completely understood your point.(心理描写) 4．Seek to understand the other person′s emotions，by putting yourself in their shoes and looking at the situation from their perspective.(主旨升华) Ⅱ.拓展语料背诵 词块 1．drop/lower/bend/bow/hang one′s head低头 2．put/hold/bury one′s head in one′s hands 双手抱头 3．nod/shake one′s head点/摇头 4．rest one′s head on/against把头靠在……上面 5．scratch one′s head 挠头 6．head for/towards 朝……走去 7．raise one′s head 抬头 8．throw one′s head back 把头往后仰 句型 1．When he got home，he buried his head under the quilt，quickly falling asleep. 他回到家，把头埋在被子里，很快就睡着了。 2．Her mother stopped her housework，raising her head with worry in her eyes. 她母亲停下家务活，抬起头，眼里流露出忧虑。(现在分词短语作状语) 3．I rose，sat close to my mother，rested my head on her shoulder and could hardly resist weeping. 我站起来，坐在母亲身边，把头靠在她的肩膀上，忍不住哭了起来。(动作链描写) 4．I walked slowly to the bus，my head down，tears in my eyes. 我慢慢地向公共汽车走去，低着头，眼里含着泪水。(独立主格) Ⅲ.语料综合运用 　　被朋友误解了，索菲感到很尴尬，她挠了挠头，想冲出教室。就在这时，她感到有人轻轻地碰了一下她的胳膊。她抬头一看，原来是张老师在向她点头微笑。虽然她心情不好，但她低下头强作掩饰，勉强挤出一个微笑。得知原因后，张老师安慰并鼓励她与朋友沟通。索菲鼓起勇气，朝她朋友坐的地方走去。 　　Misunderstood by her friend，Sophie was so embarrassed that ①she scratched her head and felt an urge to dash out of the classroom.Just at that moment，she felt a gentle touch on her arm.②Raising her head (现在分词短语作状语)，she saw it was Miss Zhang who ③nodded and smiled at her/smiled at her with a nod．Though she was in a bad mood，she ④dropped/hung/lowered her head to hide it and managed a smile.After knowing the reason，Miss Zhang comforted and encouraged her to communicate with her friend.Gathering her courage，Sophie ⑤headed for/towards where her friend sat. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $