必修第三册 Unit 3 The world of science（教师用书Word）-【正禾一本通】2026年新高考英语高三一轮总复习高效讲义（外研版）

Part 1　单元词汇…………………………分类自测 阅读词汇——语境识意 1.field research 实地研究，实地调研 2.virtual reality 虚拟现实 3.natural selection 自然选择 4.an endangered species 濒危物种 5.compute scores 计算得分 6.a research chemist 从事研究工作的化学家 7.a young astronomer 一个年轻的天文学家 8.a car battery　　　　　　　　汽车蓄电池9.wearable tech 可穿戴技术 10.the law of gravity 万有引力定律 11.mountain streams 山间小溪 12.distinguish fact from fiction 区分真实和虚构的事 13.a map and compass 地图和指南针 拓展词汇——变形拼写 第一组：动词变形 1.declare v．声明→declaration n．声明，宣告 2.conduct v．传导(热、电)→conductor n．导体；售票员→conductive adj.导电(或热等)的→conduction n．传导 3.attach v．系，绑；贴→attachment n．附件；依恋→attached adj.附属于；爱慕的 4.press v．按→pressing adj.紧迫的；迫切的→pressure n．压力；强迫 5.prove v．证明；证实→proof n．证明，证据 6.injure v．使受伤，弄伤→injured adj.受伤的，有伤的→injury n．伤，损害 7.compute v．计算→computer n．计算机→computation n．计算 第二组：名词和形容词变形 8.minor adj.小的→(反义词) major adj.主要的，大的→minority n．少数民族，少数派 9.entire adj.全部的；整个的；完全的→entirely adv.完全地，彻底地 10.mental adj.精神的；精神健康的→mentally adv.精神上 11.significant adj.重要的，影响深远的→significance n．重要性；意义→significantly adv.明显地；有重大意义地 12.passive adj.被动的→(反义词) active adj.主动的→passively adv.被动地 13.virtual adj.虚拟的，模拟的→virtually adv.事实上；实际上 14.flexible adj.易弯曲的，柔韧的→flexibly adv.灵活地；有弹性地→flexibility n．灵活性；适应性 15.capable adj.有能力的→capability n．能力→capably adv.能干地；有能力地 16.biology n．生物学→biologist n．生物学家→biological adj.生物学的；生物的 17.extraordinary adj.非凡的，出色的→extraordinarily adv.极其，极端地 18.astronomer n．天文学家→astronomy n．天文学 19.chemistry n．化学→chemist n．化学家→chemical adj.化学的 n．化学物质 20.theory n．学说，理论→theoretical adj.理论上的 21.accurate adj.精确的→accurately adv.精确地；准确地→accuracy n．精确(性) 22.science n．科学；技术→scientific adj.科学(上)的→scientist n．科学家 学生用书第118页 形容词后缀­ous 表示“具有……性质的；充满……的”。 ①infect 使感染；传染→infectious传染性的　②humor幽默→humorous 幽默的　③courage勇气→courageous 勇敢的　④caution 谨慎；小心→cautious 谨慎的；小心的　⑤continue 继续→continuous 持续的　⑥fame 名声→famous 著名的；出名的　⑦danger 危险→dangerous 危险的　⑧harmony 融洽；和睦→harmonious和睦的；融洽的　⑨anxiety焦虑→anxious 焦虑的　⑩envy 嫉妒；羡慕→envious 嫉妒的；羡慕的　　 核心词汇——单句应用 1.(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)Here are some tips on making wise decisions to minimize pressure (press) on the places we visit and improve our experience. 2.(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)You'll find yourself virtually (virtual) alone，or close to it. 3.(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)As we soon come to learn from AI by Design，AI is already super­smart and will become more capable (capability). 4.(2024·浙江1 月卷)“In 1999，I personally saw significant (significance) tornadoes (龙卷风) form from a seeded storm cell in Kansas，” Dr. Doswell says. 5.(2024·浙江1 月卷)Then I noticed folk conducting (conduct) spring cleans dropping boxes of voluminous books on various subjects there. 6.(2024·全国甲卷)Born just before WWⅡ，my grandmother experienced an entirely (entire) different childhood lifestyle from mine. 7.Meaning emerges through a process of social interaction，not of computation (compute)，interaction that shapes the content of the symbols in our heads. 8.If for whatever reasons，people's errors become correlated or dependent，the accuracy (accurate) of the estimate will go down. 9.“Grizzly bears are re­occupying large areas of their former range，” says bear biologist (biology) Chris Servheen. 10.In my opinion，more importance should be attached (attach) to developing students' ability to solve problems. 11.Don't put so much pressure (press) on the children.It's harmful to their health. 12.It's reported that the astronauts will carry out a series of scientific (science)experiments in space. 13.Rescuers said the injured were taken to a nearby hospital，but fortunately the injury was not serious，not life threatening.(injure) 14.The significant discovery of new gas field in South China Sea is of great significance to our country's economy.(significant) 15.It's declared that the two countries agree to stop the conflict.They must obey the declaration forever.(declare) 16.The entire village was destroyed.It now looks entirely different from the previous one.(entire) Part 2　短语句式……………………………教材精选 Ⅰ.选择合适的短语并用其正确形式填空 be capable of，find out，be named after，be recognized as，thanks to，never say never，die from，in terms of，the majority of，focus on，in addition 1．There is，in addition，one further point to make. 2．Thanks to the groups of brave young men，a family was saved from the fire. 3．The majority of students were in favour of the suggestion that they go on a picnic the next day. 4．He made such a great contribution to the university that the new library was named after him. 5．All of us are amazed by the fact that so many people die from diseases related to smoking. 6．That scientist is recognized as one of the leading early canal engineers. 学生用书第119页 7．To be frank，she is smart enough to be capable of handling difficult situations. Ⅱ.根据所给汉语和要求完成下面的句子 1．(2023·新课标卷读后续写)我被这个消息惊呆了，当我的同学们胜利地举手时，我激动得说不出话来。(while引导状语从句) Stunned by the news，I was choked with emotion while my classmates were raising their hands in triumph． 2．到目前为止，不出所料，不止一个男孩读过这本小说。(more than one作主语) So far more than one boy has ever read this novel as is expected. Part 1　核心词汇……………………………多维练透 press (教材义) v．按；(补充义) v．压，挤，推，贴；挤着走；敦促，逼迫；坚持，竭力要求； n．新闻工作者，新闻界，报刊(the press)；新闻报道；新闻舆论，媒体评论；出版社，印刷厂 (1)press a button/switch 按下按钮/开关 press sth into... 把……塞入/按入…… (2)press sth against... 把……贴在…… (3)press sb to do sth 敦促某人做某事 (4)pressure n．压力 under pressure 在压力之下 ①(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)The best way to ease pressure (press) on over­touristed destinations is to go somewhere else. ②To our shock，the manager was pressed (press) to take immediate action at the press conference last week. ③[读后续写之动作描写] 他把鼻子贴在窗户上，眯起眼睛往下看了一眼人行道。 He pressed his nose against the window，narrowed his eyes and glanced down at the pavement. ④在技艺娴熟的厨师灵巧的手中，每个饺子被小心地按压和折起，形成一个完美的形状。 Under the flexible hands of the skilled chef，each dumpling was carefully pressed and folded，creating a perfect shape. desire (教材义) n．渴望，欲望；(补充义) v．渴望，要求，请求；被……吸引 (1)desire to do sth渴望做某事 desire sb to do sth 想要某人做某事 (2)desire that...(should) do sth 渴望……做某事 (3)have a strong desire to do sth/for sth 迫切要做某事/急于得到某物 have no desire to do sth 不想做某事 (4)desirable adj. 令人向往的；值得拥有的 ①(2023·全国甲卷)Bangkok is a highly desirable (desire) destination for food lovers. ②The disappointed twins desired (desire) their father to tell them how to make sandwiches，and he nodded. ③[应用文写作之建议信] 得知你很想学好汉语，我想给你一些建议。 Knowing you have a strong desire to learn Chinese well，I'd like to offer you some suggestions. ④此外，这门课激发了我对文学的新热情，激励我在广阔的英国文学世界中进一步探索。 Moreover，the class has sparked a newfound passion for literature within me，stimulating my desire to explore further in the vast world of English literature. injure (教材义) v．使受伤，弄伤；(补充义) v．损害，伤害(名誉、自尊等) (1)be/get seriously/slightly injured 受重伤/轻伤 (2)the injured 伤员 (3)injury n．伤，损害 do sb/oneself an injury/do an injury to sb/oneself 伤害某人/自己 ①I was wearing a seat belt，without which I would have been injured (injure). ②They removed the injured (injure) with such great skill and were so cool in the emergency. ③Race walking shares many fitness benefits with running，research shows，while most likely contributing to fewer injuries (injure). 学生用书第120页 ④[读后续写之动作描写] 那个足球运动员在地上打滚，好像一条腿受了重伤。 The football player was rolling on the ground as if badly injured in one of his legs． attach (教材义) v．系，绑；贴；(补充义) v．认为……具有；附带(条件)；附属，依附；与……有关联 (1)attach...to... 把……系/贴/附在……之上 (2)be attached to sb/sth 依恋；附属于；爱慕某人/某物 (3)attach importance/significance to... 重视；认为……有意义 ①Handwriting is of such great importance that everyone should attach great importance to it. ②Her child was attached (attach) to screens to the point where she was able to say “chocolate” into his ear without getting a response. ③[读后续写之场景描写] 她发现桌子上放着一个盒子，盒子上贴着一张卡片，上面写着“生日快乐”。 She found a box lying on the table with a card attached to it，saying “Happy birthday”． ④(2023·新课标Ⅰ/Ⅱ卷)I slipped in and gently set the prize cup on my teacher's desk with a note attached (attach). Part 2　经典句式……………………………写作迁移 句型公式：while 引导状语从句 (1)表示“虽然；尽管”，引导让步状语从句(从句常置于句首)表示转折，不能与but 连用，但可与yet/still 连用。 (2)表示“当……的时候；在……时”，引导时间状语从句，状语从句的省略形式为while doing/done，表“当做/被做……时”。 (3)表示“而，然而”，表示前后分句的对比。 ①(2024·全国甲卷应用文写作)在为我们强大的国家感到自豪的同时，让我们承担起责任，为我们国家的繁荣而共同努力。 While taking pride in our powerful country，let's take on our responsibilities and work together for our country's prosperity. ②汤姆很擅长理科，而他的兄弟绝对是不可救药。 While Tom's very good at science, his brother is absolutely hopeless. ③(2023·浙江1月卷读后续写)虽然我有点沮丧，但我仍然希望在离开之前看到蜂鸟。 While I was a little upset，I still hoped to see the hummingbird before I left. ④[中国元素] 尽管中国传统戏曲服装的各种色彩让观众迷惑，但熟练的表演者通过他们优雅的动作和有力的声音却能将古老的故事带入生活。 While the various colors of the traditional Chinese opera costumes confused the audience，the skilled performers brought ancient tales to life through their graceful movements and powerful voices. Part 3　语境辨义……………………………举一反三 Ⅰ.熟词生义(写出句中加黑词汇的词性及汉语意思) 1．(2024·浙江1 月卷)This unbeatable price­point encouraged me to experiment with dozens of titles that I would never normally consider buying.v.尝试 2．(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)I flashed him an apologetic smile as I pulled out my Portuguese bankcard.v.突然显露 3．(2024·浙江1月卷)I was conducting auditions (试演) for my play in my tiny old shared house in London.v. 进行 4．(2021·全国甲卷)The wall is 12 meters high and from here you can see streams of people moving inside and outside the City Wall.n.人(流) 学生用书第121页 5．All the drawers were stuffed full of letters and papers.v.塞满，装满 6．(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)However, psychologists have demonstrated that when adults read news stories, they remember more of the content than if they listen to or view identical pieces.n.文章，报道 7．I had a whole box of chocolates and pigged the lot！v.吃得过量 8．He's got me foxed.v.使上当 9．Malloy always talked hard, but he had a soft, womanish face.adv.严厉地 10．(2024·新 课标Ⅰ卷)These plants included modern Western favourites such as rosemary, lavender and fennel.n. 最喜欢的东西 Ⅱ.一词多义(选出下列单词在句中的正确释义) 1．shoot A．n.新芽　B．v.拍摄　C．v.射击　D．v.喷涌出 ①Oil was shooting out of the pipe. D ②The film crew was shooting a scene in the park. B ③The garden is full of new shoots in spring. A 2．account A．n.账户 B．n.叙述 C．v.解释 D．v.占(一定数量或比例) ①I need to check the balance in my bank account. A ②The wide appeal of movie stars could also account for the increase. C ③She gave the police a full account of the incident. B Ⅰ.语篇语境综合练(语境创新——词汇再练) Augmented Reality (AR) is a technology that puts a layer of information over what people see in real life.AR is 1.capable (capacity) of putting labels on stuff，or even 2.entirely (entire) changing the way something looks. Now the US Army is developing AR goggles for dogs.There is 3.proof (prove) that the army already works with dogs in various ways，4.for instance，helping track people down.5.Usually (usual) soldiers control the dogs by moving their hands or pointing to things with a laser(激光器).So why would the army desire 6.to attach (attach) AR goggles to dogs? That is because AR goggles allow dogs to travel farther away without staying close to a trainer.The dog's goggles give the trainer an 7.accurate (accuracy) account of 8.what the dog is seeing and hearing.The 9.trainer (train) can then send a command to the dog through the goggles，10.telling (tell) it what to do next. Ⅱ.真题难句拓展练(剖析长句——精准翻译) 1．(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)“We wanted to do something where we do a call to artists in the Bay Area to submit stories for a contest，” Trost says. [剖析]　本句是一个主从复合句。句子主干是主谓宾结构 We wanted to do something。where 引导定语从句。动词不定式短语to submit stories for a contest 作目的状语。 [翻译]　“我们想要做一些事情，即向湾区的艺术家发起呼吁，让他们提交故事参加比赛，” 特罗斯特说。 2．(2023·全国乙卷)But for all its ancient buildings，Beijing is also a place that welcomes the fast­paced development of modern life，with 21st­century architectural wonders standing side by side with historical buildings of the past. 学生用书第122页 [剖析]　本句是一个复合句。句子主干是主系表结构 Beijing is also a place。其后that引导定语从句，修饰a place；with...wonders standing...复合结构作状语。 [翻译]　但除了古建筑，北京也是一个接受现代生活快节奏发展的地方，使得21世纪的建筑奇迹与过去的历史建筑并存。 3．(2022·全国乙卷)So for them to move to Elkhead，Colo.to instruct the children whose shoes were held together with string was a surprise. [剖析]　本句是一个主从复合句。主句为 for them to move to Elkhead，Colo.to instruct the children was a surprise。此句中包含一个定语从句whose shoes were held together with string，对名词the children进行修饰和限定。 [翻译]　所以对她们来说，前往科罗拉多州埃尔克黑德去教授那些鞋子都是用绳子绑起来的孩子是一个惊喜。 Ⅰ.应用文写作增分练——科技发明(“科技与学习”的主题活动) 结合本单元话题，用单元词汇、经典句型完成下面的应用文写作并背诵。 [基础语料] 单元词汇 in addition，capable，attach，instance，significant，beyond，accurate，injure，brilliant，entirely，scientific 经典句型 how引导宾语从句；extending动词­ing形式作状语；“介词＋which”引导的定语从句 [情境呈现] 假定你是李华，你校即将举办“科技与学习”的主题活动，计划邀请姊妹学校Highgate School进行线上互动。请你写一封信，沟通相关事宜。 [思路点拨] 人称 以第一人称为主 时态 以一般现在时为主 内容要点线索 第一段引出主题(写信目的)→第二段介绍活动细节→结尾提出更多相关信息。 [写作输出] Dear Highgate School Contact， I hope this message finds you well.(1)I am writing on behalf of our school to discuss the details(我代表我们学校写信讨论一些细节) of our upcoming significant event themed “Technology and Learning”． The event is scheduled for Sept.10th at the stadium.(2)We aim to demonstrate how technology can be a capable tool for learning(我们的目标是展示技术如何成为一种有能力的学习工具； capable；how引导宾语从句)，(3)extending their capabilities beyond traditional classroom settings(将它们的能力扩展到传统课堂环境之外；extending动词­ing形式作状语；beyond).Also we will discuss about (4)the brilliant ways in which technology can be used to make complex scientific concepts more accessible and accurate(利用技术使复杂的科学概念更易于理解和准确的绝妙方法；brilliant；accurate；scientific; “介词＋which”引导的定语从句).(5)In addition to the main discussion points，we would like to attach a detailed agenda for your review(除了主要的讨论要点外，我们还想附上一份详细的议程，供你们审阅；in addition；attach). Please find attached the preliminary agenda and some resources for your consideration. Best regards， Li Hua [变式表达] 用“动词不定式作定语修饰ways”和其他近义表达改写句(4)。 Additionally，we will discuss the brilliant ways to use technology for making complex scientific concepts more accessible and accurate. 学生用书第123页 Ⅱ.读后续写微点练——参加航空滑翔机发明制作比赛 (比喻描写) [基础语料] 词汇 like　　　　　　　像 as 正如，就像(引导从句) symbol 象征 represent 代表 as if/though 好像 similar to 与……相似 compared to 与……相比 draw a parallel 画一条平行线 in comparison 相比之下 句式 ensuring动词­ing形式作状语；as引导状语从句 细节描写 1.Her smile was like sunshine breaking through the clouds. 她的笑容就像云层中透出的阳光。 2.He fought the waves as a lion would fight its prey. 他像狮子搏斗猎物一样与海浪搏斗。 3.His heart was as heavy as a stone. 他的心像石头一样沉重。 4.The night sky was a vast canvas of stars. 夜空是一幅布满星星的巨大画布。 5.He ran as if the wind was at his heels. 他跑得好像风在背后追赶他。 [情境呈现] 老师宣布了一个全国性的STEM挑战，主人公对此很感兴趣→主人公选择了航空滑翔机挑战，和两个朋友组成了一个团队，开始制作滑翔机和发射器→他们设计了滑翔机和发射器，并在制作过程中享受了乐趣，并成功晋级到全国赛→他们飞到亚利桑那州参加全国比赛→比赛过程中，有些滑翔机表现很好，有些则在空中解体→…… [思路点拨] 文体：记叙文 人称：第一人称 时态：一般过去时为主 续写思路：根据所给首句It was finally our turn.可知，接下来要写我们的心情以及飞行前的准备活动或比赛场景等。 [写作输出] It was finally our turn.(1)A mix of excitement and nerves filled our hearts(我们心里既兴奋又紧张).(2)We carefully placed our glider in the launcher，ensuring everything was set for the vital moment(我们小心翼翼地把滑翔机放在发射装置里，确保在关键时刻一切准备就绪； ensuring动词­ing形式作状语).With a deep breath，we launched our glider.(3)It glided gracefully through the air，its wings cutting through the wind like a well­aimed arrow(它优雅地在空中滑翔，它的翅膀像一支瞄得很准的箭一样穿行风中)! (4)Everyone got quiet as the glider came to a stop(当滑翔机停下来时，每个人都安静了下来；as引导状语从句).Then the result came out.Our glider landed less than 3 inches from the target! (5)Our performance received loud applause(我们的表演赢得了热烈的掌声). [变式表达] 用“when引导时间状语从句和showing＋宾语从句”将下面语段合并成一个主从复合句。 Then the result came out.Our glider landed less than 3 inches from the target! Our performance received loud applause. →Our performance received loud applause when the result came out，showing that our glider had landed less than 3 inches from the target. 单元测评15　Unit 3　The world of science (时间：30分钟　　满分：32.5分) (本栏目内容在学生用书中以活页形式分册装订！) Ⅰ.阅读理解(本题共8个小题，每小题2.5分，共20分) A (2025·深圳一调) Each year, the world loses about 10 million hectares of forest—an area about the size of Iceland—because of cutting down trees.At that rate, some scientists predict the world's forests could disappear in 100 to 200 years.To handle it, now researchers at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)have pioneered a technique to generate wood­like plant materials in a lab.This makes it possible to “grow” a wooden product without cutting down trees. In the lab, the researchers first take cells from the leaves of a young plant.These cells are cultured in a liquid medium for two days, then moved to another medium that contains nutrients and two different hormones(激素).By adjusting the hormone levels, the researchers can tune the physical and mechanical qualities of the cells.Next, the researchers use a 3D printer to shape the cell­based material, and let the shaped material grow in the dark for three months.Finally, the researchers dehydrate(使脱水) the material, and then evaluate its qualities. They found that lower hormone levels lead to plant materials with more rounded, open cells of lower density, while higher hormone levels contribute to the growth of plant materials with smaller but denser cell structures.Lower or higher density of cell structures makes the plant materials softer or more rigid, helping the materials grow with different wood­like characteristics.What's more, it's to be noted that the research process is about 100 times faster than the time it takes for a tree to grow to maturity! Research of this kind is ground­breaking.“This work demonstrates the great power of technology，” says lead researcher, Jeffrey Berenstain.“The real opportunity here is to be at its best with what you use and how you use it.This technology can be tuned to meet the requirements you give about shapes, sizes, rigidity, and forms.It enables us to ‘grow’ any wooden product in a way that traditional agricultural methods can't achieve.” 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了为了避免砍伐树木，麻省理工学院的研究人员开创了一种技术，在实验室里生产类似木材的植物材料。 1．Why do researchers at MIT conduct the research? A．To grow more trees. B．To protect plant diversity. C．To reduce tree losses. D．To predict forest disappearance. 答案：C 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段 “Each year, the world loses about 10 million hectares of forest...To handle it, now researchers at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)have pioneered a technique” 可知，麻省理工学院的研究人员进行这项研究是为了减少树木损失。故选C。 2．What does Paragraph 2 mainly tell us about the lab research? A．Its theoretical basis. B．Its key procedures. C．Its scientific evidence. D．Its usual difficulties. 答案：B 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的 first, then, Next, Finally等词可知，第二段主要说的是实验室研究的关键步骤。故选B。 3．What does the finding suggest about the plant materials? A．The hormone levels affect their rigidity. B．They are better than naturally grown plants. C．Their cells' shapes mainly rely on their density. D．Their growth speed determines their characteristics. 答案：A 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“They found that lower hormone levels...smaller but denser cell structures” 可知，较低的激素水平会导致植物材料的密度更低，而较高的激素水平会导致植物材料的密度更高。细胞结构密度的高或低，影响着植物材料是更柔软还是更坚硬。故选A。 4．Why is the research ground­breaking according to Berenstain? A．It uses new biological materials in lab experiments. B．It revolutionizes the way to make wooden products. C．It challenges traditional scientific theories in forestry. D．It has a significant impact on worldwide plant growth. 答案：B 解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中的 “This technology can be tuned to meet the requirements...that traditional agricultural methods can't achieve.” 可知， Berenstain 认为这项研究具有开创性， 因为它革新了木制品的制作方法。故选B。 B (2025·八省适应性考试) Want to learn a new language or get A's in college exams? Previous studies have shown that exercise can help stimulate the areas of the brain that convert (转换) new information into long­term memory.A new study has taken this information one step further and found the best time when exercise can help maximize learning. Building upon past research that found exercise releases biochemicals that improve mental function, scientists at Radboud University and the University of Edinburgh conducted a study to determine when exercise was most beneficial to learning. Participants—72 healthy male and female adults—were first asked to perform a computer test that challenged their visual and spatial learning.After the test, all of the subjects watched nature documentaries, but two­thirds of them also exercised.Half of the exercisers did circuit training on an exercise bike for 35 minutes immediately after the test.The other half did the same exercise but not until four hours after they had been tested. Two days later, all of the participants returned to the lab for a recall test, and they were connected to MRI (磁共振成像) machines to assess their brain activity.The participants who exercised four hours after taking the computer test were able to recall what they had learned most accurately.Their brainwaves also showed more consistent levels of activity, indicating that their brains were less taxed to remember what they had learned. According to this research, the best time to exercise to improve learning is four hours after studying.But why? That's one question the researchers have yet to answer.Another question left unanswered is the level of exercise that might best improve learning.I've run enough marathons to prove the fact that my brain is anything but sharp during or after a tough workout.But the researchers noted that light workouts might not give the brain enough of a biochemical boost to improve learning. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项新研究。研究表明，学习后过 4 小时再运动可以最大程度地提高记忆力。 5．What did the new study aim to explore? A．When exercise is best for learning. B．What biochemicals are good for health. C．How brainwaves should be measured. D．Which area of the brain is the most active. 答案：A 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“found the best time when exercise can help maximize learning”及第二段中的“conducted a study to determine when exercise was most beneficial to learning”可知，该项研究的目的是想确定什么时间运动对学习最有益。 6．What were all the participants asked to do during the experiment? A．Train on bicycles. B．Do mathematics exercises. C．Play computer games. D．Watch films about nature. 答案：D 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段“After the test, all of the subjects watched nature documentaries”可知，在试验过程中全部受试者都需要观看一部自然纪录片，也就是看一部关于自然的电影。 7．Why did the participants return to the lab two days later? A．To do a medical examination. B．To have their memory tested. C．To get their workouts recorded. D．To finish their previous tasks. 答案：B 解析：推理判断题。根据第四段“Two days later, all of the participants returned to the lab for a recall test ...were able to recall what they had learned most accurately.”可知，两天后受试者回到实验室是为了测试他们的记忆力。 8．What might the author's marathon running prove? A．The findings of the study are reliable. B．Long­distance runners are often smart. C．Studies on the marathon are not enough. D．Hard exercise may not sharpen the brain. 答案：D 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段“I've run enough marathons to prove the fact that my brain is anything but sharp during or after a tough workout.”可知，研究人员指出轻度运动可能并不能有助于大脑学习，而作者跑过多次马拉松，在艰苦的马拉松锻炼后作者认为自己的大脑并没有变得更敏锐，因此作者是想用自己的马拉松跑步训练说明强度大的运动也可能不会使大脑敏锐。 Ⅱ.阅读七选五(本题共5个小题，每小题2.5分，共12.5分) (2024·武汉高三二调) After building some standard cargo bikes, 1 ， this time with something very special.I wanted to build an ideal cargo bike combining the stability of a three­wheeler with the possibility to change directions like being on two wheels. The first step was to do extensive research. 2 .An incredible source of technical inspiration was the online Tilting Group.Although primarily concerned with tilting concepts of engine driven constructions, the group is surely the best place to find information about constructing a tilter. After researching and outlining a few ideas, I grabbed some parts and started with a very simple prototype.Building such a vehicle needs a high degree of accuracy, which was not the case with my prototype. 3 ．So I made a few more sketches, which led to an improved version of the driving and tilting mechanism. Then I started building the tricycle.Building the structure was quite straightforward.As usual, I took an old bike apart for the back triangle and then added the front part.After adding a cargo basket to the structure, 4 ． Now came the hard part: the driving mechanism.I started with the usual design used for two­wheeled cargo bikes, but it took me quite some time to figure out how to pass the driving force to both wheels without allowing the whole thing to lock itself in any angle. 5 ， but I'm sure I can use the knowledge I gained one way or another. A．The project was demanding B．I decided to get my hands dirty again C．I fell in love with three­wheeler bikes D．I put all the parts together for the first time E．It took me quite some time to understand the ideas behind it F．The engine driven constructions were always the most difficult to fix G．The consequence was that the driving mechanism locked itself occasionally 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者设计和制造的一款独特三轮货运自行车的过程。 1．答案：B 解析：根据上文 “After building some standard cargo bikes” 并结合下文 “I wanted to build an ideal cargo bike” 可知，作者在制造了一些标准的货运自行车之后，又有了新的制造想法，B 项 “I decided to get my hands dirty again” 不仅衔接上文，说明作者决定再次尝试，而且引出下文新的制造想法，符合语境。故选B。 2．答案：E 解析：空前 “The first step was to do extensive research.” 说明了作者制造的第一步是做研究，空处应该围绕研究来讲。E 项 “It took me quite some time to understand the ideas behind it” 衔接上文，进一步说明作者在研究阶段花费了大量的时间，符合语境。故选E。 3．答案：G 解析：空前内容说明作者在研究之后，制造了原型机；由下文中的led to an improved version 可知，空处应是指出缺点。G项衔接上文，说明作者的原型机由于精度不高会出现偶尔锁死的问题，符合语境。故选G。 4．答案：D 解析：根据上文 “As usual, I took an old bike apart for the back triangle and then added the front part.After adding a cargo basket to the structure” 可知，此处在描写作者组装自行车的过程，且由上文中的part 可知，空处应该是把所有部分组装完成。D项说明了作者组装完成，符合语境。故选D。 5．答案：A 解析：根据下文 “but I'm sure I can use the knowledge I gained one way or another” 可知，上下文之间是转折关系，所以空处应是承上启下，既总结了前面的难度，又衔接了下句的对自己充满信心。A 项 “The project was demanding” 符合语境，表示虽然项目要求高，但作者可以学以致用。故选A。 学生用书第124页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $