必修第三册 Unit 4 Scientists who changed the world（教师用书Word）-【正禾一本通】2026年新高考英语高三一轮总复习高效讲义（译林版）

该高中英语高考复习资料全面覆盖词汇、语法、阅读、写作等核心考点，按“阅读/多义/核心词汇分层梳理-短语句式情境应用-语篇串记整合-题型实战演练”逻辑架构，通过“背诵过关测+核心词句学表达+真题分层训练”教学环节，帮助学生构建从基础积累到综合应用的能力体系，突破高考高频难点。 资料突出“语篇驱动+素养导向”特色，如“语篇词汇串记”以科学主题故事整合survive、benefit等拓展词汇，“句式遮挡背诵”强化强调句型等复杂结构运用，培养语言能力与思维品质；设置单词过关测、短语填空、应用文写作等分层练习，配合A/B卷真题演练即时反馈，助力教师精准把控复习节奏，高效提升学生应试能力。

任务(一)　词汇、句式、语篇背诵 单词多维背诵 阅读单词 1．malaria n．疟疾 2．extract n．提取物；选录 vt．提取；选录；取出；设法得到 3．mould(AmE mold) n．霉菌；模具；类型 vt．浇铸；塑造 4．bacteria n．(sing．bacterium)细菌 5．lightning n．闪电[联想：thunderstorm and lightning电闪雷鸣] 6．ribbon n．带子，丝带；带状物 7．atomic adj．原子能的；原子的 8．intellectual adj．脑力的；有才智的，智力发达的 n．知识分子，脑力劳动者 9．mystery n．神秘，神秘的人(或事物)；悬疑作品 10．evolution n．进化；演变，发展 11．metal n．金属 12．trial n．试用，试验；审讯，审判；考验 vi．& vt．测试，试验[联想：trial and error反复试验] 13．error n．错误，差错 14．sufficient adj．足够的，充足的 15．data n．数据，资料，材料 16．bomb n．炸弹；核武器 vt．轰炸 17．authority n．权威，权力；官方[联想：author n．作家] 多义单词 [熟词生义] 1．apply [熟义]vt．& vi．应用；申请→[生义]vt．涂；涂抹 2．favour [熟义]n．帮助；恩惠；赞同，支持→[生义]vt．偏爱，喜欢 3．moral [熟义]adj．道德的；道义上的；品行端正的 n．品行，道德→[生义]n．寓意，教益 4．household [熟义]adj．家庭的，家用的，家务的→[生义]n．一家人，家庭 [一词多义] 5．charge ①vt．充电 ②vt．& vi．收费 ③vt．控告 ④vt．谴责；使……承担责任 ⑤vt．使充满 ⑥n．收费 ⑦n．控告 ⑧n．谴责 ⑨n．掌管 6．evil ①n．罪恶，罪行 ②n．害处，坏处 ③adj．恶毒的 ④adj．有害的 ⑤adj．恶魔的 7．credit ①n．赞扬，认可 ②n．信用 ③n．学分 ④vt．存入金额 ⑤vt．把……归于 ⑥vt．相信，信任 核心单词 [围绕话题——科学精神] 1．deadly consequences 致命后果 2．postpone experiments 推迟实验 3．conduct an experiment 进行实验 4．apply theory to practice将理论应用于实践 5．be involved in the activity 参与到这项活动中 6．declare findings 宣布研究结果 7．publish results 公布结果 拓展单词 1．survive vi．&vt．　　 活下来；幸存；幸免于；从……中逃生；比……活得长 survival n． 生存，存活；残存物，幸存事物 survivor n． 幸存者 2．broad adj． 广泛的；宽阔的，广阔的；概括的；开阔的 broadly adv． 广泛地 broaden vt． 变宽，扩大……的范围 3．intend vi．& vt． 想要，计划；意指 intention n．　　目的；意图；打算 4．limit n．& vt． 限制 limited adj． 有限的 limitation n． 限制；局限；极限 5．contain vt． 包含 container n． 容器；集装箱，货柜 6．wise adj． 明智的；聪明的；博学的 wisely adv． 明智地；聪明地；精明地 wisdom n． 智慧，知识，学问；才智；明智 7．benefit n．　 　　　益处 vt． 对……有益处 vi． 得益于 beneficial adj． 有益的，有用的 8．illustrate vt． 说明，解释；加插图于 illustration n． 图解，图示 9．surround vt． 围绕，环绕；包围；与……紧密相关 surrounding adj． 周围的 surroundings n． 周围的环境 10．indicate vt． 表明；暗示；提及；指出 indication n． 表明；暗示 11．accident n． 意外，偶然的事；事故，意外遭遇 accidental adj． 意外的；偶然的 accidentally adj． 意外地；偶然地 12．intelligent adj． 有才智的，聪明的；有智力的 intelligence n． 才智 13．favour vt． 较喜欢；偏袒；有助于 n． 帮助，好事；赞同；偏袒 favourable adj． 赞同的；支持的；有利的 favourite adj． 最喜爱的 n． 特别喜爱(欢)的东西 14．politics n． 政治(学) political adj． 政治的 politician n． 政治家，从政者；投机钻营者 15．science n．　 　　科学 scientist n． 科学家 scientific adj． 科学的，关于科学的；细致严谨的 16．moral adj． 道德的；道义上的；品行端正的 n． 品行，道德；寓意 immoral adj． 不道德的 17．apply vt．& vi． 应用；申请；涂；有关 applicant n． 申请人 application n． 申请；申请书；适用 18．ignore vt． 忽视；不理睬 ignorant adj． 不了解的，无知的；无礼的 ignorance n． 无知 19．free adj． 自由的；免费的 freely adv． 自由地 freedom n． 自由 20．permit vt．& vi． 允许，准许，许可；使有可能 n． 许可证 permission n． 允许，许可 21．responsible adj． 负责的 responsibility n． 责任，负责；职责，义务 22．nation n． 国家；民族 national adj． 国家的；全国的；民族的 nationality n． 国籍；民族 23．marry vt．& vi． 结婚 marriage n． 结婚，婚姻；已婚状态 短语巧学助记 1．refer to 查阅，参考；提到，谈及[对比：refer．．．to．．．把……提交给……] 2．speed up (使)加速 3．pay off 成功，奏效，达到目的[对比：pay sth off 付清，偿清；pay sb off付清工资后解雇；遣散] 4．by accident 偶然，意外地[反义：on purpose 故意；有意地] 5．let sb down 使某人失望 6．as to 关于，至于[同义：in/with regard to；as regards] 7．take it for granted 想当然地认为，认为……是理所当然 8．put forward 提议，建议，提出[近义：come up with] 9．make a difference 有影响，起作用 10．thanks to 幸亏；由于[同义：owing to；due to；as a result/consequence of] 11．far from the truth 根本不是事实 12．work out 计算出；理解[对比：workout n．锻炼] 句式遮挡背诵 1．Tu Youyou has become the first female scientist of the People's Republic of China to receive a Nobel Prize，awarded for her contribution to the fight against malaria，one of the deadliest diseases in human history．(动词不定式作后置定语) 2．Inspired by an over 1，600­year­old text about preparing qinghao extract with cold water，Tu redesigned the experiments and tried extracting the herb at a low temperature in order not to damage its effective part．(过去分词短语作状语) 3．However，it was not until the 1970s that Tu succeeded in discovering qinghaosu，after many failed experiments．(It was not until．．．that．．．强调句型) 4．Without her broad knowledge of both traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine，Tu might never have discovered qinghaosu．(含蓄虚拟条件句) 5．Now，we scientists take it for granted that it is perfectly possible to live and not know．(it作形式宾语) [遮住左栏尝试背诵] 1．屠呦呦成为中华人民共和国首位获得诺贝尔奖的女科学家。她获奖是因为她为抗击疟疾所做出的贡献——疟疾是人类历史上最致命的疾病之一。 2．在一本1 600多年前的典籍中，关于用冷水制备青蒿提取物的记载给了屠呦呦启发，她重新设计了试验，并尝试在低温下对这种草药进行提取，以不损害其有效成分。 3．然而，直到20世纪70年代，屠呦呦才在多次试验失败之后发现了青蒿素。 4．如果没有丰富的中西医知识，屠呦呦可能永远也不会发现青蒿素。 5．如今，我们科学家理所当然地认为，生而有所不知是完全有可能的。 语篇词汇串记 　　Once upon a time，there was a man who was admired by many people for his great scientific achievements．Since he was young，he had been interested in traditional Chinese medicine，intending to be a famous doctor．But because of poverty，he dropped out of school．He didn't give up though．He continued to learn by himself． Once some people in his village developed a deadly disease．To cure them，he referred to many books and eventually used some herbs to save them．Their survival encouraged him so greatly that he began to do more scientific experiments，exploring a broader world．At that time equipment was limited and he couldn't get sufficient data，but he overcame these difficulties．A few years later，his efforts paid off！He edited a nicely illustrated book and had it published．He also gave lectures in different provinces，encouraging others to further explore the treasure house of traditional Chinese medicine，which can be beneficial to global health care． [遮住左栏，忆加黑词汇] 从前，有一个人因其伟大的科学成就而受到很多人的钦佩。他从小就对中医感兴趣，想成为一名著名的医生。但由于贫穷，他辍学了。但他并没有放弃。他继续自学。 曾经，他村里的一些人患上了一种致命的疾病。为了治愈他们，他查阅了许多书，最终用一些草药挽回了他们的生命。他们的幸存极大地鼓励了他，以至于他开始做更多的科学实验，探索一个更广阔的世界。当时的设备有限，他无法获得充足的数据，但他克服了这些困难。几年后，他的努力得到了回报！他编辑了一本插图精美的书，并将其出版了。他还在不同省份举办讲座，鼓励其他人进一步探索中医药宝库，这有利于全球医疗保健事业。 任务(二)　背诵过关测＋练 (一)单词过关测＋练 阅读单词知意 1．malaria 　　n．疟疾 2．extract n．提取物；选录 vt．提取；选录；取出；设法得到 3．mould(AmE mold) n．霉菌；模具；类型 vt．浇铸；塑造 4．bacteria n．(sing．bacterium)细菌 5．lightning n．闪电 6．ribbon n．带子，丝带；带状物 7．atomic adj．原子能的；原子的 8．intellectual adj．脑力的；有才智的，智力发达的 n．知识分子，脑力劳动者 9．mystery　　 　　n．神秘，神秘的人(或事物)；悬疑作品 10．evolution n．进化；演变，发展 11．metal n．金属 12．trial n．试用，试验；审讯，审判；考验 vi．& vt．测试，试验 13．error n．错误，差错 14．sufficient adj．足够的，充足的 15．data n．数据，资料，材料 16．bomb n．炸弹；核武器 vt．轰炸 17．authority n．权威，权力；官方 核心单词练通 1．involve　　　 vt．包含；需要；牵涉；影响；涉及；使参加(卷入)…… 2．theory n．学说，论；原理；看法，意见 3．thunderstorm n．雷雨，雷暴 4．province n．省，省份 5．deadly adj．致命的；十足的，彻底的 6．experiment n．实验，试验；尝试，实践 vi．做试验，进行实验；尝试 7．evil n．罪恶，罪行；害处，坏处adj．恶毒的 8．charge vt．& vi．充电；收费；控告；谴责；使……承担责任；使充满 n．收费；控告；谴责；掌管 结合语境拼写单词 9．Owing to the bad weather，we decided to postpone (延迟) leaving． 10．To test the effect of social influence on eating habits，the researchers conducted (进行) two experiments． 11．On August 5，our headmaster declared (宣布) the sports meet open． 12．To her delight，her first love story was published (出版) and distributed by a press，and her work appealed to thousands of readers． 13．To their credit (赞扬，认可)，the four countries do work together in some aspects and have a good relationship with each other． 拓展单词悉变 1．intend vi．& vt．想要，计划；意指→intention n．目的；意图；打算 2．accident n．意外，偶然的事；事故，意外遭遇→accidental adj．意外的；偶然的→accidentally adj．意外地；偶然地 3．benefit n．益处 vt．对……有益处 vi．得益于→beneficial adj．有益的，有用的 4．illustrate vt．说明，解释；加插图于→illustration n．图解，图示 5．indicate vt．表明；暗示；提及；指出→indication n．表明；暗示 6．intelligent adj．有才智的，聪明的；有智力的→intelligence n．才智 7．permit vt．& vi．允许，准许，许可；使有可能 n．许可证→permission n．允许，许可 8．limit n．& vt．限制→limited adj．有限的→limitation n．限制；局限；极限 9．free adj．自由的；免费的→freely adv．自由地→freedom n．自由 10．apply vt．& vi．应用；申请；涂；有关→applicant n．申请人→application n．申请；申请书；应用 利用语境串记单词 11．We'll be responsible for your safety and you need to take responsibility for your actions．(responsible) 12．Britain is a developed nation and its national flower is rose．Many people dream of having British nationality．(nation) 13．His experience in the college not only gave him broad knowledge but also broadened his horizons．(broad) 14．Eventually，my friend Tom married his girlfriend Jane and many of us envied their happy marriage．(marry) 15．It is indeed an honor for China's scientific research and Chinese medicine to be spread across the world，which also encourages more scientists to devote themselves to their careers．(science) 16．Surrounded by the forest，the village has beautiful surroundings，which attract many visitors from surrounding areas．(surround) (二)短语过关测＋练 1．refer to　　　　查阅，参考；提到，谈及 2．speed up (使)加速 3．pay off 成功，奏效，达到目的 4．by accident 偶然，意外地 5．let sb down 使某人失望 6．as to 关于，至于 7．take it for granted　想当然地认为，认为……是理所当然 8．put forward 提议，建议，提出 9．make a difference 有影响，起作用 10．thanks to 幸亏；由于 11．far from the truth 根本不是事实 12．work out 计算出；理解 根据语境选词填空 13．I took it for granted that he is a native Italian because he speaks Italian so well． 14．At last，his years of hard work paid off and he was admitted into Peking University． 15．She arrived just as we were leaving，but I'm not sure whether this was by accident or by design． 16．The scientist referred to the discovery as the most exciting new development in this field． 17．If we speed up our work，we can finish it before 6 p．m． 18．As for the problem you put forward in your last letter，I think it is a wise choice for you to buy an e­dictionary． (三)句式迁移练 1．句式：强调句型 正是当我到达电影院后我才意识到我把电影票忘在家里了。 It was when I arrived at the cinema that I realized I had left my film ticket at home． 2．句式：不定式作后置定语 她是在第29届奥运会上第一位获得金牌的运动员。 She was the first athlete to win the gold medal in the 29th Olympic Games． 3．句式：分词短语作状语 他有点害怕，一动不动地站着。 A bit frightened，he stood motionless． Part 1　核心词句——学表达 intend vi．& vt．打算；计划；想要→intended adj．打算的；计划的→intention n．打算；目的；意图 【语境运用】　单句填空/完成句子 ①(2023·全国甲卷)Behind the simple style，however，is a serious message intended (intend) for everyone． ②(2024·浙江1月卷)该活动旨在促进团队合作，提高我们的整体健康和健身水平。 The event is intended to promote teamwork and improve our overall health and fitness levels． ③这个中国夏令营是为国际学生准备的，今年暑假将在我们学校举行。 The Chinese Summer Camp, which is intended for international students, is going to be held in our school this summer vacation． ④(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)我打算表达我的感激之情，并分享他的善良对我产生了多大的影响。 I intended to express my gratitude and share how much his kindness had impacted me． 【用法归纳】 ◎intend doing/to do sth打算做某事 ◎intend sb to do sth打算让某人做某事 ◎had intended to do sth/intended to have done sth本来打算做某事 ◎be intended to do sth/for sth为……打算(或设计)的 ◎with an/the intention of抱有……的目的 【写作语料】 ◎be intended for the Chinese learners针对汉语学习者而设计的 ◎with the intention of improving your oral English为了提高你的英语口语水平 surround vt．围绕；包围→surrounding adj．周围的；附近的→surroundings n．周围的事物；环境 【语境运用】　单句填空/完成句子 ①I felt more creative and relaxed in the natural surroundings (surround) compared to the usual classroom environment． ②(2023·浙江1月卷)In the Ming Dynasty，the center was the Forbidden City，surrounded (surround) in concentric (同心的) circles by the Inner City and Outer City． ③(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)我们被大自然的声音包围，这使得美术课更加愉快。 We were surrounded by the sounds of nature, which made the art class even more enjoyable． 【用法归纳】 ◎surround．．．with．．．用……包围/围绕…… ◎be surrounded by/with．．．被……包围 【写作语料】 ◎be surrounded by beautiful scenery 被美丽的风景围绕 ◎peaceful surrounding area 很宁静的周围区域 ◎Natural surroundings inspire creativity．自然环境激发创意。 favour vt．较喜欢；选择；有利于n．帮助；恩惠；赞同→favourable adj．赞成的；有利的→favourite adj．最喜爱的n．最喜爱的人或物 【语境运用】　单句填空/词汇升级/完成句子 ①(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)His actions leaving a favourable (favour)impression on me, I knew that I would never forget this experience． ②I was wondering if you could help me by guiding us to revise a short play．[应用文写作之求助信] →I was wondering if you could do me a favour by guiding us to revise a short play． ③当听到大多数人不赞成他的意见时，他勃然大怒。[读后续写之情绪描写] He boiled with anger when hearing that most of them weren't in favour of his opinion． ④我写这封信是希望您能够在即将到来的面试中帮助我。[应用文写作之求助信] I'm writing this letter，hoping that you can do me a favour/do a favour for me with my coming interview． 【用法归纳】 ◎ask sb a favour＝ask a favour of sb 请某人帮忙 ◎do sb a favour＝give sb a hand 帮某人一个忙 ◎in favour of 同意；支持；赞成 ◎in one's favour 有利于某人；对……有利 【写作语料】 ◎win/gain/earn favour 赢得好感 ◎create a favourable learning environment 创造一个良好的学习环境 ◎view/look upon something with favour 赞许地看待某事 charge vt．& vi．充电；收费；控告；谴责；使……承担责任；使充满 n．收费；控告；谴责；掌管 【语境运用】　完成句子/语段填空 ①(2021·全国甲卷)我将负责一个主题班会，旨在向外国人介绍中国传统文化。 I will be in charge of/take charge of a theme class meeting designed to introduce traditional Chinese cultures to foreigners． ②汤姆负责组织学校博览会。他决定自己负责售票工作。这次活动对学生们是免费的，但他们向家长收取入场费。一切都很顺利，直到他被指控盗窃。经过调查，发现钱放错了地方，并没有被偷。 Tom was in charge of organizing the school fair．He decided to take charge of the ticket sales himself．The event was free of charge for students, but they charged parents for entry．Everything was going smoothly until someone charged him with theft．After an investigation, it was found that the money was misplaced, not stolen． 【用法归纳】 ◎charge sb with (doing) sth＝accuse sb of (doing) sth指控某人犯……罪 ◎charge sb for sth因某事/某物向某人收费 ◎free of charge＝for free免费 ◎take charge of掌管(表动作) ◎in charge of掌管(表状态) ◎in the charge of被……掌管；由……负责 【语用点拨】 in charge of 多以人作主语，指“某人负责/主管某事”；in the charge of 多以物作主语，指“某物由某人掌管”。类似的短语还有：in possession of，in the possession of；in control of，in the control of。 involve vt．包含；需要；涉及；影响；(使)参加→involved adj．参与的；卷入的→involvement n．参与；卷入；牵连 【语境运用】　完成句子 ①(2023·天津6月卷)我非常高兴能参加即将举办的旨在促进中英文化交流的中文研讨会。 I am more than delighted to get involved in/involve myself in the upcoming Chinese Workshop，which is aimed at promoting cultural exchange between China and the UK． ②我参加了一个工作涉及照顾老人的活动。[应用文写作之告知信] I participated in the activity where my work involved caring for the elderly． ③每个对它感兴趣的人都可以报名参加，我们期待着您的积极参与。[应用文写作之通知] Everyone who is interested can sign up for it and we are looking forward to your active involvement． 【用法归纳】 ◎involve sb in (doing) sth使某人卷入(做)某事 ◎involve doing．．．包括/需要做…… ◎be/get involved in参与；卷入；专注于…… 【写作语料】 ◎get actively involved in the cross­country running race积极参加越野赛跑 ◎encourage community involvement 鼓励社区参与 permit vt．& vi．(permitted，permitted，permitting)允许；准许；使有可能→permission n．准许；许可；批准；许可证；通行证 【语境运用】　单句填空/一句多译 ①Before the emergency can be controlled, no one will be permitted to leave (leave) the community without permission (permit)． ②如果时间允许，最好是回答学生们提出的一些相关问题。 →Time permitting, it would be better to answer some relevant questions raised by the students．(独立主格) →If time permits, it would be better to answer some relevant questions raised by the students．(条件状语从句) 【用法归纳】 ◎permit sb to do sth 允许某人做某事 ◎permit (doing) sth允许(做)某事 ◎with/without one's permission 经/未经某人允许 ◎ask for/request permission 请求许可 【写作语料】 ◎give/refuse sb permission to do sth 准许/拒绝某人做某事 ◎permit her to attend the summer camp允许她参加夏令营 ◎weather permitting天气允许的话 declare vt．表明；宣称；公布→declaration n．公告；宣言 【语境运用】　单句填空/完成句子/翻译句子 ①The politician declared strongly against the policy put forward at the conference，which made the others present unhappy． ②在经过全面检查之后，让我们非常高兴的是，我们被宣布为获胜者。 After all our things were checked, to our great joy, we were declared (to be) the winners． ③据宣布，新的交通法将于下个月开始生效。[应用文写作之通知] It is declared that the new traffic law will come into effect next month． 【用法归纳】 ◎declare．．．to be/as．．．宣布……为…… ◎declare war on/against．．．向……宣战 ◎declare for/against表示赞成/反对 ◎It is declared that．．．据宣布…… 【写作语料】 ◎declare for garbage sorting赞成垃圾分类 ◎declare independence 宣布独立 ◎declare a meeting open 宣布会议开始 put forward 提议，提出，建议；推荐；将……提前；拨快(钟表) 【语境运用】　用put短语的适当形式填空 ①It is wise to put away/aside some money for retirement． ②A week before Earth Day，posters were put up around our school，calling upon us to join in the actions for a greener earth． ③We will put off the picnic until next week，when the weather may be better． ④I can't make sense of the theory put forward by a famous scholar．Do me a favour to explain it，please． ⑤As long as we put aside our cellphones and get down to spending time with our family，we will never let our family down． ⑥Friends have to learn to put up with annoying habits and to tolerate differences of opinions． 【用法归纳】 ◎put aside 把……放到一边；储存 ◎put off推迟；延期 ◎put up with忍受；容忍 ◎put away 把……收拾好；整理；储蓄 ◎put on穿上；上演；增加 ◎put up搭建；张贴；举起；为……提供住宿 ◎put down 放下；写下；镇压 【写作语料】 ◎put up with minor inconvenience忍受些小的不便 ◎put forward a suggestion提个建议 句式：强调句型 【教材原句】　However，it was not until the 1970s that Tu succeeded in discovering qinghaosu，after many failed experiments．然而，直到20世纪70年代，屠呦呦经过多次失败的实验，才成功地发现了青蒿素。 ◎强调句型的基本结构：It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who．．． ◎强调句型的一般疑问句： Is/Was it＋被强调部分＋that/who．．． ◎强调句型的特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词＋is/was it＋that．．． ◎not until 的强调句型：It is/was not until＋被强调部分＋that．．． 【佳句背诵】　 ①Was it because you participated in the campaign that you realized the importance of environmental protection？[应用文写作之环境保护] 是因为你参与了这次活动你才意识到环保的重要性吗？ ②(2021·全国乙卷)It is for this reason that we should make strict demands on ourselves while learning online． 正是因为这个原因，我们应该在在线学习时严格要求自己。 ③There are always some ups and downs in our lives，but it is the suffering that makes us stronger．[读后续写之主旨升华] 生活中总有一些起起伏伏，但是正是苦难让我们更加坚强。 【仿写借鉴】 ①I didn't realize a small act of care can melt people's loneliness until I experienced the event．[读后续写之主旨升华] →Not until I experienced the event did I realize a small act of care can melt people's loneliness．(倒装) →It was not until I experienced the event that I realized a small act of care can melt people's loneliness．(强调句型) ②正是在我的同学的帮助下，我最终克服了害羞，增强了自信。 It was with the help of my classmates that I eventually overcame my shyness and built up confidence． Part 2　阅读词汇——善辨义 1．credit A．n．赞扬，认可　B．vt．相信，信任　C．n．信用(额度)　D．n．学分 ①Giving public credit to someone who has earned it is the best leadership technique in the world． A ②When you have obtained at least 40 credits，you may qualify for the job． D ③It was hard to credit some of the stories we heard about her． B ④What's the credit limit on your credit card？ C 2．pay off A.还清(债务) B.取得成功，获得好的结果 C.解雇，遣散 ①He studied hard before the examination，and it paid off．He made an A． B ②Over 1，000 workers will be paid off if this factory closes． C ③We paid off our mortgage after years of hard work． A 3．refer to A.查阅，参 B.谈到，提及 C.指的是 ①I knew the lady was referring to Bill when she spoke of a bright young man． C ②Why not refer to a dictionary to check the spelling of the word？ A ③The scientist referred to global warming at least three times in his speech． B 4．猜测句中加黑部分的词性和汉语意思 ①(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)Instead，he applied some medicine to Jeff's hand，and then set out to help them clean up the mess．vt．涂；涂抹 ②There are traditional proverbs which express a moral or a piece of advice．n．寓意，教益 ③At home，my dad said，“A job's a big step to growing up．I'm glad you will be contributing to the household．” n．一家人；家庭 巧借词根tract推测词义 词根tract：意思是“拉、拖、引”。 本单元：ex (向外)＋tract(拉，拖)→extract vt．提取；抽出 1．(2023·全国甲卷)If people remove food and attractants from their yards and campsites，grizzlies will typically pass by without trouble． [词义]attract(吸引)＋ant(名词后缀，表示人或者物)→attractant n．(对动物等的)诱食剂，引诱剂 2．(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)That is partly because people are driving more，but Mark Rosekind，the chief of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration，said distracted driving was “only increasing，unfortunately”． [词义]dis(否定前缀)＋tract(引)→distract vt．分散(注意力)；使分心 3．(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)The French take their 35­hour workweek seriously—so seriously that some labor unions recently struck a deal with a group of companies limiting the number of hours that independent contractors can be on call． [词义]contract(合同)＋or(名词后缀，表示人或者物)→contractor n．订约人；承包商 4．(2020·浙江7月卷)I've been farming sheep on a hillside for 54 years．I use a small tractor to get about．My dog Don always sits beside me in the passenger seat． [词义]tract(拖)＋or(名词后缀，表示人或者物)→tractor n．拖拉机 5．(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)Which of the following best describes newspapers in America before the 1830s? A．Academic．　　　　B．Unattractive． C．Inexpensive． D．Confidential． [词义]un (否定前缀)＋attract(吸引)＋ive (形容词后缀)→unattractive adj．不吸引人的 6．After realizing the mistake, she chose to retract her previous statement to avoid confusion． [词义]re(再，回)＋tract (拉)→retract vt．撤回；收回 单句语法填空 1．Helen is so busy with her work that she takes her neglect of her family for granted． 2．Somehow，our teacher declared Tom，a naughty boy to be (be) our monitor． 3．I would appreciate it if you could speed up so that I should reach the airport in time． 4．I'm in favour of your opinion that we should donate the food and tents to the people in disaster areas without delay． 5．The professor wants to find an assistant who is worth depending on and won't let him down． 6．To create cleaner surroundings (surround)，everyone should cut back on the carbon footprint． 7．Time permitting (permit), we will set off for the warehouse for some bargains． 8．It is said that the seats in front are intended for honored guests． 9．If you want to know more with reference to the arrangements of the meeting，call me please． 10．To her credit，her father quit smoking at her request． (一)应用文写作[科学精神] 假定你是李华，近日你校举办了以“科学之美(The Beauty of Science)”为主题的首届校园科学节。请你给校英文报写一篇报道，内容包括： 1．举办时间；2．活动内容；3．师生反响。 用本单元知识和右栏词块翻译句子 1．为了提高学生的科学意识，以“科学之美”为主题的科学节于上周在我校举行。 Intended to raise students' awareness of science，the science festival with the theme of “The Beauty of Science” was launched/held in our school last week． 2．一位专家被邀请教我们如何制作机器人，之后学生们参与了丰富多彩的活动，比如编程机器人和设计机器人。(“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句) An expert was invited to teach us how to make robots，after which the students involved themselves in the colourful activities，such as programming robots and designing robots． 3．关于其他活动，在不同的时间安排了有关先进技术的科学知识测验和讲座。 As to other activities，scientific knowledge quizzes and lectures about advanced technologies were arranged at different time． 4．在这个节日上，我们还在现场欣赏了各种各样的装置，这些装置对我们的日常生活有很大的好处。(非限制性定语从句) At this festival，we also appreciated various devices on the spot，which are of great benefit to our daily life． 5．最令人印象深刻的是这个节日让我们学生意识到追求科学是没有极限的。(what引导主语从句，that引导表语从句，there is no limit to．．．) What was most impressive was that the festival made us students realize there is no limit to pursuing science． 6．这个节日不仅激励我们投身于科学，也提高了我们的创新意识。(部分倒装) Not only did the festival motivate us to apply ourselves to science but it also raised our awareness of innovation．,[构建话题语义场] 1．科学家及科学精神 ①be best known for以……出名 ②be determined to find out决心要发现 ③through his tireless efforts通过他的不懈努力 ④her outstanding contribution 她的杰出贡献 ⑤devote all his life to the cause 把他的一生都奉献给这项事业 2．科技发明及影响 ⑥scientific invention科学发明 ⑦technological breakthrough技术突破 ⑧raise students' awareness of science提高学生的科学意识 ⑨lectures about advanced technologies有关先进技术的讲座 beyond one's expectations超出预期 ⑪a significant leap重大飞跃 ⑫mark a turning point in标志着……的转折点 ⑬have a far­reaching impact on．．．对……产生深远的影响 ⑭pave the way for the future development为未来的发展铺平道路 ⑮lay a solid foundation for．．．为……打下良好的基础 ⑯make people's life easier使人们生活更方便 ⑰be of great benefit to our daily life对我们的日常生活有很大的好处 ⑱pursue science追求科学 ⑲motivate us to apply ourselves to science激励我们投身于科学 ⑳raise our awareness of innovation提高我们的创新意识(二)读后续写[科学＋情感细节描写之失望与遗憾] Ⅰ．教材语料积累 词汇 [动作描写]　surround vt．围绕，环绕；包围；与……紧密相关　let sb down使某人失望　permit vt．& vi．允许，准许，许可；使有可能　put forward提出，提议，建议 [环境描写]　lightning n．闪电　thunderstorm n．雷雨，雷暴　bang n．突然的巨响；猛敲，猛击 佳句 1．Tu Youyou has become the first female scientist of the People's Republic of China to receive a Nobel Prize，awarded for her contribution to the fight against malaria，one of the deadliest diseases in human history．(人物描写) 2．They worked day and night and their health began to suffer because of the poor conditions，but they never gave up．(人物描写) 3．When we look at any question deeply enough，we feel the excitement and mystery coming to us again and again．(情感描写) 4．It is our responsibility as scientists，knowing the great progress that is the fruit of freedom of thought，to declare the value of this freedom; to teach how doubt is not to be feared but to be welcomed and discussed; and to demand this freedom as our duty to all coming generations．(排比句式，主旨升华) Ⅱ．拓展语料背诵 单词 1．disappoint v．使失望→disappointing adj．令人失望的→disappointed adj．失望的→disappointment n．失望；扫兴；令人失望的人/事 2．regret v．后悔，对……感到遗憾/抱歉 n．遗憾，失望→regretful adj．后悔的；失望的 3．sorry adj．遗憾的 词块 1．feel extremely disappointed感到失望极了 2．weep bitter tears of disappointment失望地痛哭流涕 3．hide one's disappointment掩饰某人的失望 4．a look of disappointment/loneliness flashed across/spread over one's face某人脸上露出失望/孤独的表情 5．be overcome/consumed with disappointment＝be overwhelmed by disappointment非常失望 6．to one's disappointment令某人失望的是 7．a ripple of regret welled up inside sb某人心中泛起了一阵遗憾的涟漪 8．tears of regret run/stream down one's cheeks后悔的眼泪顺着某人的脸颊流下来 句型 1．Overcome with bitter disappointment at his failing to win a prize，he locked himself up in his room．他对未能获奖感到极度失望，于是把自己锁在房间里。(分词作状语) 2．His heart sank when he heard the news that he failed to win a prize． 当得知没有获奖时，他的心一沉。 3．The news that he didn't win a prize immediately threw him into low spirits． 他没有获奖的消息立刻使他精神不振。 4．Seeing the disappointing result，he was extremely disappointed，tears of regret running/streaming down his cheeks．看到不尽人意的结果后，他非常失望，遗憾的眼泪顺着脸颊流下来。(独立主格结构) 5．It was at that moment that a ripple of regret welled up inside me．How I wished I hadn't said those words！就在那时，我的心中泛起了一阵遗憾的涟漪。我真希望我没有说那些话！(强调句式，无灵主语句) Ⅲ．语料综合运用 　　伊迪丝热衷于科学和发明。当她听说有一个关于发明和创新的比赛时，她毫不犹豫地报名参加了。伊迪丝不遗余力地为此做准备，她相信每个人都会对她的发明感到惊讶。然而，在比赛中，当伊迪丝慢慢地打开机器时，它并没有像预期的那样运行。由于没能成功发明这台机器，她感到极度失望。当她环顾四周时，她发现一些评委的脸上掠过失望的表情。她低下头，沮丧极了，心中泛起一阵遗憾的涟漪。她正要离开时，一位评委走过来，用温柔的声音安慰她：“亲爱的，别灰心。失败是成功之母。记住，成功属于那些永不放弃的人。” 　　Edith is keen on science and invention．When she heard there was going to be a competition about invention and innovation，she ①signed up for it without hesitation．Edith spared no effort to prepare for it and she was sure ②everyone would be amazed at her invention．However，during the competition，when Edith slowly turned on the machine，it didn't work as expected．③She was overcome with bitter disappointment at her failing to invent the machine．When she looked around，④she found a look of disappointment flashing across/spreading over some of the judges' faces (动词＋宾语＋宾语补足语)．Lowering her head，she was extremely frustrated，⑤a ripple of regret welling up inside her (独立主格)．She was about to leave when a judge approached her and ⑥comforted her in a gentle voice，“Don't lose heart，honey．Failure is the mother of success．Bear in mind that ⑦success belongs to those who never give up (定语从句)．” A卷 (时间：25分钟　满分：30分) Ⅰ．阅读理解(共7小题，每小题2．5分，共17．5分) A (2025·安徽六校入学素质测试) Big Thinkers Series The 2024 Big Thinkers series from New Scientist events features four online talks，covering a wide range of topics by world­class scientist speakers and experts．If you are curious about your planet or your universe，then this series is your place to hear the latest research． Save ￡20 off the standard ticket price by purchasing a series ticket to all four talks in the Big Thinkers series (available on­demand) or purchase single tickets for just ￡ 13 per lecture (available by early booking)． Reality ＋：From the Matrix to the Metaverse with David Chalmers In this talk，philosopher David Chalmers argues that Metaverse­style virtual worlds experienced through headsets are also genuine and meaningful realities and we can live a meaningful life in VR． What we don't know about gravity? with Claudia de Rham We are all familiar with the concept of gravity．In this talk，Professor Claudia de Rham will explore how much we actually know about gravity and how much more there is left to uncover． A Brief History of Timekeeping with Chad Orzel From Stonehenge to atomic clocks，here is the 5，000­year history of how science is used to mark time．Chad Orzel，the internationally bestselling author of How to Teach Quantum Physics to Your Dog，offers us a witty journey through scientific theories and quirky (反常的) historical details． Physics at the End of the Universe with Katie Mack The Big Bang theory tells the story of the beginning of the universe for the last 13．8 billion years．But how does the story end？Join astrophysicist Katie Mack as she shares what modern astrophysics tells us about the final fate of the universe． [语篇解读]本文是应用文。文章介绍了四个与科学相关的讲座。 1．How much does a series ticket cost? A．￡13． B．￡20． C．￡ 30． D．￡32． D　[细节理解题。题目问“一个系列的票价是多少？”。根据第二段中的“Save ￡20 off the standard ticket price by purchasing a series ticket．．．or purchase single tickets for just ￡13 per lecture (available by early booking)”可知，购买Big Thinkers系列中四场讲座的系列门票可以在标准票价的基础上节省20英镑，而每场讲座的标准单人票票价是13英镑。因此买一个系列的票价是4×13－20＝32(英镑)。故选 D。] 2．What will Chad Orzel lecture in? A．The genuine reality． B．The secrets of gravity． C．The history of time marking． D．The final fate of the universe． C　[细节理解题。根据题干中的Chad Orzel可以将答案定位在第五段。根据该段中的“From Stonehenge to atomic clocks，here is the 5，000­year history of how science is used to mark time”可知，Chad Orzel 讲的是人们是如何利用科学标记时间的，故选C。] 3．What do the four talks have in common? A．They are all aimed at science lovers． B．They are all concerned with gravity． C．They will all be given by bestselling authors． D．They will all be given by excellent physicists． A　[细节理解题。文章第一段总述Big Thinkers系列的四个线上讲座活动，第二段介绍了票价信息，下面四段分别介绍四个讲座的相关信息。所以根据第一段中的“If you are curious about your planet or your universe, then this series is your place to hear the latest research (如果你对你的星球或宇宙感到好奇，那么这个系列是你聆听最新研究的地方)”可知，这四个讲座的共同之处是它们都是针对科学爱好者的，故选A。选项中的“science lovers”是对文中的“you are curious about your planet or your universe”的同义转换。] B (2025·江西省新高三摸底考)Going into my Ph．D．program, I knew I loved to communicate science to the public as much as I liked conducting scientific research．But research soon consumed most of my time．Gradually, I felt I was losing touch with the bigger picture of why science matters． To escape, I spent a weekend with some friends．They were excited to share stories about the latest books they'd consumed．But I couldn't remember the last book I had read for fun．And I found myself mostly talking about my research．As I struggled to convey its broader relevance, I noticed the enthusiasm in my voice disappeared．“Is my Ph．D．killing my love of science？” I thought．I knew I had been living in a scientific bubble (泡泡), but that bubble seemed to grow smaller and smaller as the weekend progressed． When I returned home．I resolved to read more for pleasure．I was recommended a science fiction book, so I started with that．It was like nothing I had ever read before．I was really into it．I was blown away by the scientifically reasonable technologies and scenes．It was refreshing to think about science in a new way． I kept reading science fiction in the years after I finished my Ph．D．But I still hadn't gotten back to communicating science to the public．Then, one night I found myself in a conversation with my new colleagues about science fiction concepts．One invited me to speak at the pop culture lecture． When the day came．I felt nervous until I saw the eager attendees．After I finished, I was surrounded with enthusiastic audience．It suddenly occurred to me that this was my path back to science communication．Since then, I've given more than 20 talks, exploring concepts like genetic engineering and brain­machine interfaces． For young researchers, it's easy to slide into a scientific bubble．I'm glad science fiction gave me a way to break out．It not only provided something fun to do in my spare time．It also helped me professionally, fueling my ability to communicate the wonders of science to the public． [语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文。作者因从事科研一直忙于实验室工作，无法向大众普及科学知识，后来他成功地通过结合科幻小说来向大众普及科学知识，重拾了对科学的热情。 4．What did the author realize at that weekend? A．He couldn't fit into a new environment． B．His memory was declining with time． C．He lost passion for science communication． D．His knowledge was only a scientific bubble． C　[细节理解题。根据第二段中“As I struggled to convey its broader relevance, I noticed the enthusiasm in my voice disappeared．‘Is my Ph．D．killing my love of science？’ I thought．”可知，当作者向朋友们讲述科学话题时，他进行科普的热情消失了。故选C项。] 5．Why did the author like science fiction? A．He wanted to find inspirations from it． B．He wanted to put his knowledge to use． C．It could explain many physical phenomena． D．It offered him a new angle to look at science． D　[细节理解题。根据第三段末句“It was refreshing to think about science in a new way．”可知，作者认为科幻小说能够让他以一种新的方式思考科学，这是令人耳目一新的。也就是他能够从另一个角度来看科学。故选D项。] 6．Which word can be used to describe the lecture? A．Successful． B．Unique． C．Classic． D．Common． A　[推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“After I finished, I was surrounded with enthusiastic audience．It suddenly occurred to me that this was my path back to science communication．”可知，在作者演讲完成后，热情的观众围住他，他从此萌生了利用这种方式普及科学知识的想法，由此推断这次讲座是成功的，所以他才受到激励。故选A项。] 7．What is the aim of this passage? A．To introduce science fiction． B．To prove how important science is． C．To emphasize the author's love for science． D．To show how science fiction helped the author． D　[写作意图题。根据最后一段“It not only provided something fun to do in my spare time．It also helped me professionally, fueling my ability to communicate the wonders of science to the public．”可知在接触科幻小说后，他向大众普及科学知识的愿望实现了，由此推断作者的写作目的是讲述科幻小说对他的影响和帮助。故选D项。] Ⅱ．阅读七选五(共5小题，每小题2．5分，共12．5分) (2025·广东莞佛大联考)Olympic medals are among the most respected honors in the sporting world, symbolizing not only athletic victory, but also the rich history, fine craftsmanship, and longstanding traditions of the Games．1( ) Are they made entirely of gold, silver, and bronze? And what makes the Paris 2024 Olympic medals special? Originally, Olympic winners in 776 BCE were honored with olive wreaths (橄榄花环) rather than medals．The concept of medals as we know them today first emerged at the 1896 Athens Games．However, solid gold medals were no longer awarded after 1912．2( ) As a result, the International Olympic Committee later updated the regulations regarding medal composition and design． Modern gold medals are primarily composed of 92．5% silver with a six­gram gold plating for appearance．3( ) They contain at least 92．5% pure silver, and bronze medals consist of 95% copper and 5% zinc (锌)．This mixture ensures the medals' longevity and makes them cheaper．An Olympic gold medal may be worth over ￡500, but its value to athletes goes beyond its financial worth． 4( ) For instance, the 2012 London Olympics medals featured the River Thames and London skyline．Rio 2016 focused on sustainability by using leftover mirrors and X­ray plates．Tokyo 2020 medals, made from recycled electronics, emphasized technological innovation． For the Paris 2024 Olympics, the medals are particularly distinctive．Each features a hexagon (六边形) with the Paris 2024 logo on one side and Nike, the Greek goddess of victory, in front of the Eiffel Tower on the other．5( ) As Thierry Reboul, creative director of Paris 2024, stated, “These medals offer athletes a physical piece of Paris to take home．” A．Pure gold is soft and easily damaged． B．When were these medals first introduced? C．Who is responsible for designing the medals? D．Silver medals, by contrast, live up to their names． E．With these symbols, they honor the history of the Olympics． F．Unique to this year, the medals use metal from the old building materials of the Eiffel Tower． G．The design of medals reflects the host city's distinct style and values． [语篇解读]本文为一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了奥运会奖牌的历史、材质以及2024届伦敦奥运会奖牌的特点。 1．B　[后文提出了与奥运奖牌相关的问题，故此空应与后文排比，同样设问，且根据文章第二段内容“奖牌的概念首先出现在1896年雅典奥运会。”可知，文章第二段在解释此空提出的问题，故B项“这些奖牌什么时候首次引入的呢？”符合，故选B项。] 2．A　[空前提到不再颁发纯金牌，空后又提出了关于金牌成分和设计规则的改变，故A项“纯金很软，容易损坏。”承接前文不再颁发纯金牌的原因，又引出空后修改金牌的成分和设计的规则，故选A项。] 3．D　[空前解释了金牌的成分，且根据空后“它们含有至少92．5%的纯银。”可知，空后提出了银的成分，故D项“相比之下，银牌是名副其实的。”与前文构成对比，金牌由 92．5%的银和六克镀金组成，相比之下，银牌是名副其实的，它们含有至少92．5%的纯银，且空后的They指代D项中的Silver medals，故选D项。] 4．G　[空后举例说明了每届奥运会奖牌的不同的设计，故G项“奖牌的设计反映了主办城市的风格和价值观”符合，位于本段句首，是主题句，目的是引出后文，故选G项。] 5．F　[空前提到了伦敦奥运会的奖牌，故此空F项“今年的独特之处在于，奖牌使用的金属来自埃菲尔铁塔的旧建材”符合，进一步介绍巴黎 2024 年奥运会奖牌的特点，故选F项。] B卷 (时间：30分钟　满分：40分) Ⅰ．阅读理解(共4小题，每小题2．5分，共10分) (2025·吉林高中毕业年级第一次模拟测试)China is likely to become the first country to bring Martian soil back to Earth in an ambitious science and engineering attempt．The nation plans to collect Martian samples and then bring them back to Earth around 2030 via a historic mission named Tianwen 3． If everything goes according to plan, the samples could become the first to be returned to Earth from Mars, and will help scientists look for traces of life on Mars, learn more about the planet's geology(地质学)and inner structures, and understand its atmospheric cycles． Yang Yuguang, a senior space industry observer and vice­chair of the International Astronautical Federation's Space Transportation Committee, said on Friday that no one has ever attempted to bring samples back from Mars because it would be an extremely sophisticated procedure． “First, anyone who wishes to get back Martian soil needs to, in the first place, take to the planet a craft which can lift off from the Martian surface to send samples to Martian orbit, and that means such a craft must be large enough to contain engines and propellants (推进剂)．” “And landing a large craft safely on the Martian surface would be exceptionally challenging, considering the fact that landing on Mars is far more difficult than a lunar landing due to the complex atmosphere surrounding Mars，” he said． Even if the craft could land on Mars and it could lift off, Yang said that a new challenge would follow—how to guide it to carry out an accurate meeting and docking with the orbiter(轨道飞行器)flying around the planet to wait for samples． “In our lunar sample­return missions, the most complicated part was the in­orbit meeting and docking between the sample­carrying craft and the orbiter, and that operation at least had Earth­based telemetry (遥控技术) and other types of technical support．By comparison, there will be virtually no technical assistance in the same process taking place in Martian orbit due to the very long distance，” the expert explained． [语篇解读]本文是说明文。文章介绍了中国计划通过天问三号任务在2030年前后将火星土壤样本带回地球。这将是首次实现从火星带回土壤样本，能够帮助科学家研究火星生命迹象、地质结构和大气循环。文章还解释了这一任务所面临的挑战。 1．What do we know about the Martian mission named Tianwen 3? A．It is the third space mission of China． B．Its main goal is to bring Martian soil back to Earth． C．The samples can help reveal the Earth's geology． D．No country will bring samples back from Mars before it． B　[细节理解题。根据题干将答案定位在第一段。根据第一段“China is likely．．．to bring Martian soil back to Earth．．．The nation plans to collect Martian samples．．．Tianwen 3”可知，天问三号的主要任务是收集火星土壤样本，并将其带回地球。故选B项。] 2．What does the underlined word “sophisticated” mean in Paragraph 3? A．Experienced． B．Threatening． C．Astonishing． D．Complicated． D　[词义猜测题。根据画线词前的“no one has ever attempted to bring samples back from Mars”可知，到目前为止没有任何人试图把火星土壤样本带回地球。第四段的“that means such a craft must be large enough to contain engines and propellants(推进剂)”提出了这一任务面临的第一个问题，即飞行器必须要足够大能装得下发动机和推进剂。第五段的“landing a large craft safely on the Martian surface would be exceptionally challenging”介绍了让一个巨大的飞行器在火星表面安全着陆非常具有挑战性。这是面临的第二个问题。再根据第六段的“a new challenge would follow．．．an accurate meeting and docking with the orbiter(轨道飞行器)flying around the planet to wait for samples”可知，即使飞行器能在火星表面安全着陆和起飞，这一任务还面临着新的挑战——如何引导它与轨道飞行器进行精确的交会。由此可知，从火星带回土壤样本是一个复杂的过程，画线词意为“复杂的”，complicated与其意思接近。故选D项。] 3．According to the passage, which of the following about the mission is true? A．A large craft is needed to send samples to Earth． B．Safe landing on Mars is difficult due to lack of air． C．The in­orbit meeting and docking is the most challenging part． D．Technical support is available to reduce its difficulty． C　[推理判断题。根据第七段的“In our lunar sample­return missions, the most complicated part was．．．in the same process taking place in Martian orbit due to the very long distance”可知，在月壤取样的任务中，最复杂的部分是携带样本的飞行器与轨道飞行器的在轨交会。而且这样的操作至少有地面的遥控技术和其他的技术支持。相比之下，由于距离太远，在火星轨道上进行同样的过程几乎没有技术援助。由此可推知，在火星上取样最具有挑战性的部分是在轨交会。故选C项。] 4．Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A．China Plans Mission to Bring Martian Soil to Earth B．China Brought Samples Back via a Historic Mission “Tianwen 3” C．The Complexity of Bringing Martian Samples Back to Earth D．The Technical Support Taking Place in Martian Orbit A　[标题归纳题。通读全文可知，文章介绍了中国计划通过天问三号任务在2030年前后将火星土壤样本带回地球。A项“中国计划将火星土壤带回地球”；B项“中国通过历史上重要的任务‘天问三号’带回了样本”；C项“将火星上的样本带回地球的复杂性”；D项“在火星轨道上发生的技术支持”。故选A项。] Ⅱ．完形填空(共15小题，每小题1分，共15分) (2025·杭州市高三质量检测)“You're a corner person? I'm a corner person, too！” my friend said with a grin as he 1 my corner­house driveway．While many people avoid corner lots, I actually 2 the idea of a corner house． You can enrich the lives of neighbors and passers­by by creating 3 ．Over the years, I've grown many different herbs(香草), in pots and containers at the edge of my driveway． 4 walk by and stop to take a few for their dinner plans, and later they may 5 give me a serving of the 6 product．The herb idea has led to many 7 as well as gifts． I also began a newspaper 8 out the front years ago．After reading the papers myself, I put them out on a little table with a 9 ， “Help yourself to a newspaper．” Many come for the papers．I've even heard people 10 at what time my papers will be out on the table． Every New Year's Eve, my “corner person” friend would create a magical 11 window in his neighborhood, which includes a slide show of the season's favorite music videos．As people walk by his corner in the 12 ， their lives are brightened by this creative display of 13 ． Cities can bring people together, and the corner lot person 14 this beautifully．Do you now 15 to be a corner person? Let's meet at my corner to discuss further! [语篇解读]本文是议论文。本文主要讲述了作者作为“街角人”的经历与感受。作者喜欢住在街角房子，并在车道边缘种上香草与他人分享。作者还开展了报纸分享项目。这种城市中的角落交流很好地证明了城市能把人聚在一起的特点。 1．A．turned off B．pulled into C．checked out D．zoomed past B　[根据上文中作者朋友和作者说话，以及空后的“my corner­house driveway”(我街角房子的车道)，并结合道路安全常识可知，作者的朋友把车驶入了作者家的车道并停下来和作者说话，故选B，pull into“使驶入停下”。turn off“拐弯，驶离”；check out“调查，检查”；zoom past“疾驰而过，飞速而过”。] 2．A．welcome B．doubt C．review D．invent A　[上文讲到了“While many people avoid corner lots”(许多人会避开角落的地段)，While表示对比，所以可以推测，作者与许多人喜好不同，由此可见，作者乐意接受街角的房子，故选A，welcome“乐意接纳，欣然接受”。doubt“怀疑”；review“复查，重新考虑”；invent“发明”。] 3．A．imaginations B．sales C．connections D．responsibilities C　[根据下文中的“I've grown many different herbs(香草)．．．stop to take a few for their dinner plans, and later they may 5 give me a serving of the 6 product”可知，作者通过在车道边缘种香草，与他人之间建立了联系(connections)，进而丰富了邻居和路人的生活，故选C。imagination“想象力，想象”；responsibility“责任”。] 4．A．Friends B．Hosts C．Relatives D．Neighbors D　[根据上文中的“You can enrich the lives of neighbors and passers­by”(你可以丰富邻居和路人的生活)可知，此处讲到的路过并停下来拿香草的应该是邻居(neighbors)。host“主人，节目主持人”；relative“亲戚，亲属”。] 5．A．even B．never C．always D．sometimes A　[根据上文中的“walk by and stop to take a few for their dinner plans”(路过并停下来拿香草去做晚饭)和下文中的“give me a serving of the 6 product”可知，前后句之间形成了递进关系，应用even。句意：邻居们路过，并停下来为晚餐拿一些香草，之后他们甚至可能会给我一份做好的成品。] 6．A．labeled B．delivered C．finished D．diversified C　[根据上文中的“take a few for their dinner plans”和“give me a serving”可以推断，邻居拿香草之后，会回馈以作者一份做好的晚饭，故用finished。label“贴标签于，用标签标明”；deliver“递送，传送”；diversify“(使)多样化，变化，不同”。] 7．A．acts B．jokes C．pictures D．conversations D　[根据上文可知，作者和邻居间建立了联系，他们总是礼尚往来，空处与gifts并列，因此可推断，香草给作者带来了很多对话(conversations)和礼物。] 8．A．job B．story C．project D．experiment C　[上文讲到作者通过香草拉近了和邻居间的关系。根据下文中的“Help yourself to a newspaper”(请自取报纸)并结合选项可知，这是作者自香草之后，另一个拉近邻里关系的项目(project)，故选C。experiment“试验”。空后的out the front表示“在门外”。] 9．A．warning B．sign C．suggestion D．poster B　[空处指的是空后的“Help yourself to a newspaper”，这是作者用来提示别人的指示牌(sign)，故选B。warning“警告，警示”；poster“海报”。] 10．A．laugh B．estimate C．quarrel D．complain B　[根据空后的“at what time my papers will be out on the table”(我的报纸什么时候会放到外面的桌子上)可知，这是想要自取报纸的人在推测，故选B。estimate“估计”；quarrel“争吵”；complain“抱怨，埋怨，发牢骚”。] 11．A．shop B．holiday C．car D．back B　[根据上文中的“Every New Year's Eve”和下文中的“which includes a slide show of the season's favorite music videos”(其中包括当季最受喜爱的音乐视频的幻灯片)可推测，每个除夕夜，作者的街角朋友都会装扮一个神奇的节日(holiday)窗户。] 12．A．morning B．afternoon C．darkness D．daylight C　[根据上文中的“Every New Year's Eve”和下文中的“are brightened”可知，人们在黑暗(darkness)中经过街角。] 13．A．joy B．generosity C．colors D．decorations A　[根据上文中的“Every New Year's．．．a magical 11 window”可知，朋友营造出了节日氛围，因此这里是说，走过黑暗街角的人们的生活会被富有创意的欢乐(joy)展示而点亮。generosity“慷慨，大方，宽宏大量”；decoration“装饰品”。] 14．A．paints B．remembers C．considers D．illustrates D　[根据上文的描述可知，作者通过展示自己在街角融洽愉快的生活，很好地证明(illustrates)了城市让人们走到一起这一点。] 15．A．desire B．vote C．need D．volunteer A　[上文描述了作者美好的街角生活，结合空后热情洋溢的“Let's meet at my corner to discuss further！”(让我们在我的街角见面进一步讨论)可知，此处询问“你现在渴望(desire)成为街角人吗？”，故选A。vote“投票”；volunteer“自愿做”。] Ⅲ．语法填空(共10个空，每空1．5分，共15分) (2025·南昌市高三摸底测试)In a testament to the incredible speed of construction in China, the ruins of two historic stone structures on Zhejiang's Dahuanglong Island have been reborn as a stylish bed­and­breakfast in less than 40 days． As part of the popular Chinese reality television show Beautiful House, a Beijing­based studio Evolution Design 1 (give)a budget for construction and interior(内部的)design last fall, as well as just two months to complete the transformation．Impressively, the architects finished the project 2 (slight)under budget and in just a total of 31 days． When the architecture firm first saw the site, the two 3 (exist)structures had fallen into severe ruin with caved­in roofs and weather­beaten walls．Since the television program celebrates adaptive reuse and a back­to­nature conception, the architects restored the two buildings and 4 (add) modern elements，including ample glazing and a new 5 (extend) to better embrace sea views． The refreshed buildings are used 6 (house) the bedrooms, while the new expansion comprises the combined spaces as well as a rooftop deck and a flight of stairs 7 lessens the site's approximate 13­foot change in height． 8 (complete) late last year, the adaptive reuse project covers 9 area of 2，900 square feet and was mainly constructed from locally sourced granite，concrete, and steel．The minimalist interiors are dressed 10 modern furnishings and natural materials． [语篇解读]本文是说明文。本文介绍了浙江大黄龙岛上两座历史悠久的石头建筑遗址在不到40天的时间里重生为一家时尚的住宿加早餐酒店，这证明了中国建设的惊人速度。 1．was given　[考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。本句主语a Beijing­based studio Evolution Design 为第三人称单数，和give是被动关系，且句中的时间状语last fall指过去的时间。故填was given。句意：去年秋天，作为中国热门电视真人秀《漂亮的房子》的一部分，空间进化(北京)建筑设计工作室被给了一份建筑和室内设计的预算，并被要求仅在两个月内完成改造。] 2．slightly　[考查副词。空处修饰介词短语 under budget，应用slight的副词形式slightly。句意：令人印象深刻的是，建筑师在仅31天内就以略低于预算的成本完成了该项目。] 3．existing　[考查形容词。分析句子结构可知，该空在句中作定语，修饰structures，表示“现存的”，故填existing。句意：当建筑公司第一次看到这个场地时，这两座现存的建筑已经严重毁坏，屋顶塌陷，墙壁饱受风吹日晒。] 4．added　[考查动词时态。分析句子结构可知，空处和上文的“restored”并列作谓语，由语境可知此处表示发生在过去的动作，故填added。句意：由于电视节目赞扬适应性再利用和回归自然的概念，建筑师修复了两栋建筑，并添加了现代元素，包括充足的玻璃和一个新扩建部分，以更好地拥抱海景。] 5．extension　[考查名词。根据前面的“a new”可知，此处使用extend的名词形式extension(扩建部分)。故填extension。] 6．to house　[考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处应用动词不定式充当目的状语，故填to house。此处house是熟词生义的用法，意思是“给……提供场地”。故填to house。句意：翻新后的建筑用于容纳卧室，而新的扩建包括组合空间、屋顶露台和一段楼梯，该段楼梯减少了场地大约13英尺的高度变化。] 7．that/which　[考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处应用关系代词引导定语从句，修饰先行词a flight of stairs，先行词指物，且空处在定语从句中作主语。故填that/which。] 8．Completed/Having been completed　[考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，“the adaptive reuse project．．．”是句子的主干，所以此处用非谓语动词作状语。句子主语 the adaptive reuse project 和complete是逻辑上的动宾关系，根据时间状语last year可知，此处表示发生在过去的动作，也可强调在过去某一时间已经完成的动作。故填Completed/Having been completed。句意：该适应性再利用项目于去年年底完成，占地2 900平方英尺，主要由当地的花岗岩、混凝土和钢材建造而成。] 9．an　[考查冠词。此处 cover an area of．．．是固定搭配，意为“占地……”。area的发音以元音音素开头，故填an。] 10．in　[考查介词。be dressed in是固定搭配，意为“用……装饰”。句中的dress是熟词生义的用法，意为“装饰，布置”。句意：简约主义的室内装饰采用现代家具和天然材料。] 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $