必修第一册 Unit 4 Friends forever（教师用书Word）-【正禾一本通】2026年新高考英语高三一轮总复习高效讲义（外研版）

该高中英语高考复习讲义围绕词汇、短语句式、语篇理解及写作等核心考点，按“阅读词汇—拓展变形—核心应用—语境辨义”的逻辑层次组织知识点，通过考点梳理（如形容词词尾-ent变名词规律）、方法指导（如句式公式What if...）、真题训练（2024新课标卷例句）等环节，帮助学生系统构建知识网络，突破词汇变形、句式应用等难点。 资料采用语境化词汇教学和分层写作训练，如核心词汇“prefer”通过归纳搭配用法结合真题例句与读后续写句子，培养学生语言能力和思维品质。设置语篇综合练、真题难句剖析及应用文/读后续写增分练，配合变式表达设计，确保有限时间内提升词汇应用与写作输出能力，为教师精准把控复习节奏、提升学生应考效率提供有力支持。

Part 1　单元词汇…………………………分类自测 阅读词汇——语境识意 1.a gram of sugar 　　　　一克糖 2.a pack of gum 一盒口香糖 3.a scar on his head 他头上有一道伤疤 4.bathwater effect 洗澡水效应 5.flow diagram 流程图 6.pots and pans 锅碗瓢盆 7.digital camera 数码相机 8.click on the link　　　　　点击链接 9.punish criminals 惩罚罪犯 10.a slice of bread 一片面包 11.a reasonable sort of chap 一个理智的家伙 12.a plain but elegant dress 朴素淡雅的连衣裙 13.master your own destiny 掌握你自己的命运 14.excerpts from a novel 一部小说的摘录 拓展词汇——变形拼写 第一组：动词变形 1.deliver v．递送，传送→delivery n．递送，传送 2.correspond v．通信→correspondence n．通信；信件 3.tend v．易于做某事，往往会发生某事→tendency n．倾向，趋势 4.acquire v．获得，得到→acquisition n．获得，习得 5.prefer v．更喜欢→(过去式/过去分词) preferred→(动词­ing形式) preferring→preference n．偏爱 6.prove v．证明，证实→proof n．证明；证据 7.fold v．折叠→(反义词) unfold v．(卷着的东西)展开，打开 8.appoint v．任命；约定→appointed adj.约定的，指定的→appointment n．约会；任命 9.dine v．进餐→dinner n．正餐；宴会 10.inspire vt.鼓舞，激励；赋予灵感→inspiring adj.鼓舞人心的，启发灵感的→inspired adj.能力卓越的，受……影响的→inspiration n．灵感；启发灵感的人(或事物) 11.illustrate v．(举例)说明，阐明→illustration n．图解，插图 12.surround v．包围，围绕，环绕→surrounding adj.周围的；附近的→surroundings n．周围的事物，环境 13.locate v．把……安置在；找出……的准确位置→location n．地点，位置 第二组：名词变形 14.scene n．场景→scenic adj.风景优美的；观光的→scenery n．风景，景色 15.adventure n．历险(经历)，奇遇→adventurer n．冒险家→adventurous adj.有冒险精神的 16.pack n．小盒，小包→package n．包裹 17.fortune n．大笔的钱，巨款→fortunate adj.幸运的→(反义词) unfortunate adj.不幸的→fortunately adv.幸运地 18.patience n．耐心→patient adj.耐心的→(反义词) impatient adj.不耐烦的；没有耐心的→patiently adv.耐心地 19.humour n．幽默感→humorous adj.幽默的 20.comfort n．安慰，慰藉→(反义词) discomfort n．不适 vt.使不安→comfortable adj.舒适的→(反义词) uncomfortable adj.感到不舒服的→comfortably adv.舒适地；自在地 21.digit n．数字→digital adj.数字的，数码的 22.teenager n．青少年，十几岁的孩子(13到19岁之间的孩子)→teenage adj.青少年的；十几岁的 n．青少年时期→teen n．十几岁，青少年时期 23.advance n．进步，进展→advanced adj.高级的；高等的；先进的 学生用书第32页 24.passion n．强烈的情感，激情→passionate adj.热诚的；狂热的 25.crime n．罪行→criminal n．罪犯 26.personality n．个性，性格→personal adj.个人的，私人的→personally adv.亲自；就本人而言 27.shame n．羞耻；惭愧；让人遗憾的事→shameful adj.可耻的；丢脸的→ashamed adj.感到不好意思的，难为情的 第三组：形容词变形 28.plain adj.简单的，朴素的→plainly adv.明白地；坦率地；平坦地；朴素地→plainness n．简单；朴素，平常 29.unusual adj.异常的，不平常的→(反义词) usual adj.通常的；往常的→usually adv.通常；经常 30.anxious adj.焦虑的，不安的→anxiously adv.焦虑地，不安地→anxiety n．焦虑，不安 31.generous adj.慷慨的；大方的→generosity n．慷慨，大方→generously adv.慷慨地；大方地 32.significant adj.重大的，显著的→significantly adv.重大地，显著地→significance n．意义；重要性 33.bitter adj.痛苦的→bitterly adv.痛苦地，愤恨地→bitterness n．苦味；苦难 34.ordinary adj.普通的，平常的→ordinarily adv.普通地，平常地 形容词词尾­ent 变名词时词尾可能是­ence。 ①innocent天真的→innocence天真　②intelligent 有才智的→intelligence智力　③absent 缺席的→absence 缺席；缺乏　④evident 明显的→evidence 证据　⑤patient 耐心的→patience 耐心　⑥convenient方便的→convenience 方便　⑦silent 沉默的→silence 沉默　　 核心词汇——单句应用 1.(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)“To make dictionaries is dull (乏味) work，” wrote Johnson，illustrating (illustrate) one definition of “dull”． 2.(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)Two years later，a six­meter­tall pavilion，inspired (inspire) by The Peony Pavilion，was built at the Firs Garden，just ten minutes' walk from Shakespeare's birthplace. 3.(2024·浙江1月卷)We're not tempted (诱惑) by sugary treats，but by our computers，phones，and tablets—all the devices that connect us to the global delivery (deliver) system for various types of information that do to us what marshmallows do to preschoolers. 4.These small studies provide inspiration (inspire) and may be a springboard for more complex works in the future. 5.I tend to travel with a few of my friends to state parks or to the countryside to go on adventures (adventure) and take photos along the way. 6.However，research suggests that if we practiced patience (patient)，we'd be a whole lot better off. 7.They don't have to be world­changing，just aspects of your personality (personal) that you're proud of. 8.Mexicans consider it inappropriate to eat with utensils，instead preferring (prefer) to use their hands. 9.Someone's qualities (quality) are the good characteristics that they have which are part of their nature. 10.With the help of the advanced technology，we can complete the task in advance．(advance) 11.The scientists think his invention is of great significance，because it is significant to cure the patients of the cholera.(significant) 12.He was appointed as manager of the company.But to everyone's surprise，he didn't accept the appointment．(appoint) 13.The man is always distant towards his neighbours，so his neighbours often keep him at a distance．(distant) 学生用书第33页 Part 2　短语句式……………………………教材精选 Ⅰ.选择合适的短语并用其正确形式填空 stay in touch with，be up to sth，keep in mind，pour...into...，ought to，work out，be set in，make one's fortune，thanks to，lose track of，hear from，be ashamed of，come up with，turn up，throw the baby out with the bathwater，be worth it，long fo 1．I could tell this was hard for him，having to leave his dog to a stranger and trust that everything would work out． 2．It's thanks to these TV chefs rather than any advertising campaign that Britons are turning away from meat­and­two­veg and ready­made meals. 3．It's up to you to decide whether to accept the job offer or not. 4．With all the emails coming in，I've lost track of which ones I've responded to. 5．Given the potential harm of the situation，we ought to take immediate action. 6．He made his fortune in the tech industry and now donates a lot of money to charities. 7．I need to come up with a creative solution to this problem by tomorrow. 8．Keep in mind that the deadline for the project is next Friday. 9．The job involves a lot of hard work but it is worth it． 10．After years of living in the city，she longed for the harmony of the countryside. Ⅱ.根据所给汉语和要求完成下面的句子 1．她热爱科学的一切，从它使用事实和公式的方式，到它如何揭示事物的基本性质。(way跟定语从句) She loved everything about science, from the way it used facts and formulas to how it revealed the basic nature of things. 2．如果我们从不同的角度来处理这个问题会怎样？这可能会揭示出我们之前未曾考虑过的新的解决方案。(what if) What if we approached this problem from a different perspective? It might reveal new solutions we hadn't considered before. 3．突然，我灵光一闪，知道该为奶奶做些什么了。(strike) Suddenly, an idea struck me like lightning and I knew exactly what I wanted to do for Grandma. Part 1　核心词汇……………………………多维练透 prefer(教材义) v．更喜欢；(补充义) v．宁可 (1)prefer (doing) sth to (doing) sth 比起(做)某事，更喜欢(做)某事 (2)prefer (sb/sth) to do sth更希望(某人/某物)做某事 (3)prefer to do sth rather than do sth宁愿做某事而不愿做某事 (4)preference n．喜爱；偏爱 have a preference for...偏爱……；喜爱…… in preference to相较于 give preference to 优先考虑 ①As you have a preference (prefer) for traditional Chinese culture，your suggestions will be greatly helpful to us. ②We prefer to describe/describing (describe)emotional intelligence as a specific set of skills that can be used for either good or bad purposes. ③[读后续写之动作描写] 虽然我们非常害怕，但我们宁愿抓起蒜蓉面包扔给熊，也不愿开枪。 Though very frightened，we preferred to grab the garlic bread and throw it at the bear rather than shoot it. 学生用书第34页 ④(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)Of course，these days there are plenty of online dictionaries and thesauruses，but I'm old­fashioned enough to prefer (prefer) a hard cover and pages I can leaf through with my fingers. advance(教材义)n.进步，进展；(补充义) v．(使)前进；发展，进步；预付；提前，提早；促进，推动；提出(想法或理论) (1)in advance (of...)预先/提前(于……) (2)make advances in...在……方面取得进步 (3)advance on/upon/towards/through朝……前进 (4)advanced adj.高级的 ①(2023·浙江1月卷)But no matter when you travel，it's a good idea to make your reservations at least 90 days in advance. ②She decided to go back to college to advance (advance) her career and to be able to better support her family while doing something she loves：nursing. ③[应用文写作之报道总结] 讲座提高了我们对艺术的认识。 The lecture has done much to advance our understanding of art． ④(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)The Carlow Autumn Walking Festival is a great opportunity for the beginner，experienced or advanced (advance) walker to enjoy the challenges of Carlow's mountain hikes or the peace of its woodland walks. prove(教材义) v．证明，证实；(补充义) v．结果是；显示(才干或勇气) (1)prove(to be)＋名词/形容词证明是；结果是 (2)prove sb/sth (to be)＋ 形容词/名词　证明某人/某 物…… (3)prove (to sb) that/wh­ (向某人)证明…… It is proved that...据证明…… (4)proof n．证据 ①Though not known to use tools in the wild，the birds have proved skilled/skillful (skill) at tool use while kept in the cage. ②(2023·全国乙卷)At least one thing proved true (证明是对的)：the color wouldn't wash out. ③[读后续写之主旨升华] 这次事故向我证明了生命最珍贵。 The accident proved to me that nothing is more precious than life. ④(2024·浙江1月卷)Due to the lack of scientific proof (prove) concerning their impacts，no one has succeeded in winning a lawsuit against cloud­seeding companies. comfort (教材义)n.安慰，慰藉；(补充义) n．令人感到安慰的人(或事物)；舒适的设施(或条件) v．安慰，抚慰 (1)be a comfort(to sb)(对某人)是个安慰 (2)be/feel comfortable with sb/(doing)sth和某人在一起很自在/对某物运用自如 (3)in comfort/in the comfort of舒适地；放松地 (4)comfortable adj.舒适的 (5)comfortably adv.舒服地 ①(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)Share your work if you feel comfortable (comfort) doing so. ②“It's OK，” Mama said，comforting (comfort) me with a sweet smile. ③[应用文写作之感谢信] 你所做的一切都是为了让我在使用电脑时运用自如，对此我十分感激。 You have done everything to make me feel comfortable with the computer，for which I appreciate a lot. ④(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)And Priscilla Dewing reports that her horse，Nappy，“moves more easily and rides more comfortably (comfortable)”after a chiropractic adjustment. 学生用书第35页 anxious(教材义)adj.焦虑的，不安的；(补充义) adj.渴望的，急切的；(时间或局势)紧张的，令人焦虑的 (1)be anxious about/for...为……担心/担忧 (2)be anxious to do sth急于做某事 (3)anxiety n．焦虑 with anxiety＝anxiously焦急地 ①The twins were anxious (anxiety) to get the breakfast done. ②Very few people are so bothered by anxiety (anxious) that they are unable to proceed with the speech. ③[读后续写之情感细节描写] 天色渐暗，他感到一阵不安。 As the sky gradually darkened，a wave of anxiety seized/flooded over/swept over him． ④[中国元素] 参观中国的长城一直是我的梦想，我渴望沉浸在这个标志性的地标所提供的丰富的历史和令人叹为观止的景色中。 Visiting the Great Wall of China has always been a dream of mine，and I am anxious to immerse myself in the rich history and breathtaking views that this iconic landmark offers. strike(教材义)v.划(火柴)；(补充义) v．击，撞；打；罢工；突然想到；袭击，进攻；(疾病、灾难等)侵袭；(时钟)敲响； n．罢工，罢市；袭击，攻击 (1)strike vt.给……以……印象 vi.罢工 be struck by/with...被……击中；被……打动 (2)It strikes sb that...某人突然想起…… (3)strike sb as (being)...给某人的印象是…… (4)be/go on strike在/举行罢工 ①But Smith was struck (strike) mainly by the fact that she didn't truly grasp any of the skills the author described. ②What strikes me as interesting is how much we judge other people by the clothes they wear. ③[应用文写作之邀请信] 我对你的音乐天赋印象深刻，我迫不及待地想邀请你参加音乐节。 Struck by your talent for music，I can hardly wait to invite you to the music festival. ④(2023·浙江1月卷)After his vivid introduction，the idea that it is definitely Yuan Longping's intense efforts that feed so many people on Earth struck me deeply (深深地打动了我). turn up(教材义)(意外地或终于)出现；(补充义)被发现，被找到；调高；翻起 turn on打开；开启 turn off关掉 turn down调小；拒绝 turn to求助于 turn over翻转 turn in上交；退还 turn out结果是；生产；制造 写出①－④句中turn up的含义 ①He promised that he would come，but he hasn't turned up yet.出现 ②Turn up the radio so that I can hear the program.调高 ③As the weather was too cold in the street，he turned up the collar of his coat.翻起 ④Don't worry.I'm sure your missing glasses will turn up sooner or later.被发现 ⑤[应用文写作之道歉信] 我很抱歉不能接受本周末和你一起外出的邀请，因为我刚被告知我有一个很重要的会议要参加。 I'm sorry I have to turn down your invitation to go out with you this weekend，because I've just been told that I have an important meeting to attend. ⑥[中国元素] 在面对各种挑战后，他决定从中国丰富的文化遗产中寻找灵感。 After facing various challenges，he decided to turn to the rich cultural heritage of China for inspiration. 学生用书第36页 Part 2　经典句式……………………………写作迁移 句型公式：What if...要是……怎么办？ (1)意为“如果……将怎么办？”，可以看作是“What will happen if...？”的省略形式； (2)还可表示“即使……又有什么关系？”，可以看作是“What does it matter if...？”的省略形式。 ①What if (如果……怎么办)anything should happen to the child? ②So what if sometimes they stayed rather late (即便有时他们熬夜到很晚又有什么关系)? It doesn't mean anything. ③[读后续写之情感心理活动] 我变得焦虑起来。如果她没收到我的短信怎么办？如果她迷路了怎么办？ I grew anxious.What if she didn't receive my message ? What if she got lost ? ④[中国元素] 如果一幅中国山水画的精致之美能够因其朦胧的山脉和优美的河流中活起来呢？ What if the delicate beauty of a Chinese landscape painting could come alive，with its misty mountains and graceful rivers? 句型公式：way 作先行词，后接定语从句 (1)way 表“方式；方法”，在定语从句中作先行词时，定语从句中缺少方式状语，其后用in which/that 引导定语从句，也可省略关系词，此时关系词在从句中作状语。 (2)way 后接定语从句时，如关系词在从句中作主语或宾语，则用关系代词that/which，关系代词在从句中作宾语时可省略。 ①Many students are interested in the way(that) the teacher gives his/her lessons (老师讲课的方式). ②What surprised me was not what he said but the way he said it (他说这件事的方式). ③[读后续写之情感描写] 我的社会学老师鼓励我参加写作比赛的方式出乎我的意料。他说他喜欢我表达想法的方式，所以我决定试一试。 The way that my social studies teacher encouraged me to participate in a writing contest was unexpected.He said that he liked the way in which I expressed my ideas and thoughts so I decided to have a try. Part 3　语境辨义……………………………举一反三 Ⅰ.熟词生义(写出句中加黑词汇的词性及汉语意思) 1．The plastic bag contained all his worldly goodsn.私人财产 2．(2023·全国甲卷)Bo.lan has been making waves in Bangkok's culinary scene since it opened in 2009.n.圈子；界 3．The British job of Lecturer corresponds roughly to the US Associate Professor.v.相当于；类似于 4．He was back in the office, updating the work schedule on the computer.v.更新 5．Charlotte found herself operating on damaged limbs and setting broken bones, in addition to delivering all the babies in the area.v.接生 6．You don't need any special skills for this job, just plain common sense.adj.极普通的 7．(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷) He developed a green­house­like facility that treated sewage (污水) from 1，600 homes in South Burlington.vt.开发 8．(2022·全国甲卷) The next week we walked our dogs together.vt.遛，牵着(动物)走 9．The girl pictured the suffering of the poor in the story.v.描述 10．As he spoke of this a light came into his eyes, and a faint smile appeared on his lips.n.闪亮 学生用书第37页 Ⅱ.一词多义(选出下列单词在句中的正确释义) 1．advance A.v.提出　B．v.前进　C．adj.提前的　D．n.进展 ①The general gave the order to advance. B ②We need advance notice of the numbers involved. C ③A new advance has been made in the control of malaria. D 2．strike A．v.罢工 B．v.(时钟)敲响 C．v.突然想到 D．v.(疾病、灾难等)侵袭 ①I struck upon a brilliant idea while taking a walk. C ②The city was struck by a powerful earthquake. D ③The workers struck for better working conditions. A Ⅰ.语篇语境综合练(语境创新——词汇再练) Lena and Mark have been friends forever.They met in a familiar school yard and had countless 1.adventures (adventure)together.Lena always 2.preferred (prefer)outdoor games while Mark loved books.They 3.significantly (significant) influenced each other's hobbies.Mark started enjoying hiking thanks 4.to Lena，and she found reading equally 5.inspiring (inspire). One day，Mark had a delivery to Lena's house.She felt 6.anxious (anxiety) because she lived a great 7.distance (distant) away.However，Mark proved his generosity by walking all the way.The 8.appointed (appoint) location was unfamiliar to him，but his 9.humorous (humour) personality made the journey enjoyable. Over time，they grew more 10.comfortable (comfort) in each other's surroundings.Their friendship showed that true friends can adapt to each other's needs，making every moment special. Ⅱ.真题难句拓展练(剖析长句——精准翻译) 1．(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)He's one of a small but growing number of American veterinarians (兽医) now practicing “holistic” medicine—combining traditional Western treatments with acupuncture，chiropractic (按摩疗法) and herbal medicine. [剖析]　本句是一个简单句，句子主干为主系表结构 He's one of a small but growing number of American veterinarians (兽医)。practicing “holistic” medicine为非谓语动词短语作定语；破折号后的动词­ing形式短语起解释说明作用。 [翻译]　他是少数但越来越多的美国兽医之一，他们现在正在实践“整体”医学——将传统的西方治疗方法与针灸、按摩疗法和草药相结合。 2．(2023·全国甲卷)So many of us have the belief that being comfortable is the only state we will tolerate，and when we experience something outside of our comfort zone，we get impatient about the circumstances. [剖析]　本句是and连接的并列句。前面分句的句子主干为主谓宾结构 many of us have the belief；that引导同位语从句。后面分句的句子主干为主系表结构we get impatient；when引导时间状语从句。 [翻译]　我们中的许多人都认为舒适是我们唯一能容忍的状态。而且当我们经历舒适区之外的事情时，我们会对环境失去耐心。 学生用书第38页 3．(2022·全国乙卷)Today's figures，according to one government official，show the positive influence the sugar tax is having by raising millions of pounds for sports facilities (设施) and healthier eating in schools. [剖析]　本句是一个主从复合句。句子主干为主谓宾结构 Today's figures...show the positive influence。according to one government official 为状语；the sugar tax is having为定语从句，省略了引导词that/which，修饰influence；by raising millions of pounds...为方式状语。 [翻译]　现如今政府官方数据显示，糖税筹集数千万英镑用于学校运动设施和更健康的饮食，产生了积极的影响。 Ⅰ.应用文写作增分练——友情(介绍你最好的朋友) 结合本单元话题，用单元词汇、经典句型完成下面的应用文写作，并背诵。 [基础语料] 单元词汇 prefer，advance，prove，comfort，anxious，strike，postpone，update，deliver，inspire，surround，patient; turn up，what if，correspond to，lose track of 经典句型 make复合结构； whenever引导状语从句；surrounding动词­ing形式短语作主语 [情境呈现] 请你以My best friend为题写一篇短文以便给你校英语报投稿，描述你最好的朋友Alex是如何激励你的，以及为什么你相信你们的友谊会天长地久，利用目标词汇来有效地表达你的想法。 [思路点拨] 人称 以第一、三人称为主 时态 以现在时和将来时为主 内容要点线索 第一段引出主题(介绍你最好的朋友)→第二段描述朋友的优点并简评→总结这份友谊 [写作输出] My best friend My best friend，Alex，always inspires me when I need it most. (1)He comforts me whenever I feel anxious(每当我感到焦虑时，他就安慰我；comfort; whenever引导状语从句) and strikes the perfect balance between being there for me and giving me space.(2)He delivers great advice and prefers to listen first before speaking(他能提供很好的建议，而且喜欢先听后说；deliver，prefer).We enjoy many activities together and often lose track of time.I believe Alex will (3)have the patience to settle any problems with me(有耐心和我一起解决问题；patience，settle).(4)Surrounding myself with someone like Alex makes me confident about advancing in life(和Alex这样的人在一起让我对生活的进步充满信心；advance；surrounding动词­ing形式短语作主语；make复合结构). Our bond keeps getting stronger，and (5)I feel lucky to have him in my life(生活中有他，我感到很幸运). [变式表达] 根据句(4)结构和意义在句中填入适当的词。 Having Alex around gives me the confidence to move forward in life. Ⅱ.读后续写微点练——为班级新同学准备礼物 (宽慰释怀) [基础语料] 词汇 relief　　　　　　　　　宽慰 reassurance 保证 composure 镇定 ease 轻松 gratification 满足 alleviation 缓和 lift weight 卸下重压 relaxed 放松的 句式 省略that/which的定语从句；sitting动词­ing形式短语作状语 学生用书第39页 细节描写 1.He let out a deep sigh as the weight of worry was finally lifted from his shoulders. 当他终于卸下了担忧的重担时，深深地松了一口气。 2.The moment she heard the good news，a wave of relief washed over her. 听到好消息的那一刻，她如释重负。 3.When the doctor declared him cancer­free，it was as if a ton of bricks had been removed from his chest. 当医生宣布他没有癌症时，他感觉就像胸口的砖块被搬走了一样。 4.She felt a sudden sense of relief when she realized the deadline had been extended. 当她意识到截止日期被延长时，突然感到如释重负。 5.When the judge announced a not guilty verdict，it was as if the world had been taken off his back. 当法官宣布无罪判决时，他感觉好像整个世界都从他背上卸下来了。 [情境呈现] (2025·武汉调研·读后续写) Chase为班级同学准备了新年礼物→新同学Eva加入班级，Chase主动帮助她适应新环境→Chase意识到没有为Eva准备礼物，感到难过→午餐时，Chase想到可以送糖果心形卡片作为礼物→Chase和同学们商量后，决定为Eva准备特别的礼物→…… [思路点拨] 文体：记叙文 人称：第三人称 时态：过去时为主 续写思路：根据所给首句“Meanwhile，her new classmates were busy working on something.”可知，同学们在为给Eva制作的礼物做准备，所以接下来写准备的过程。 [写作输出] Meanwhile，her new classmates were busy working on something.They were going to give Eva their“hearts”．Quickly but quietly，Ms.Robins，(1)with an exquisite paper bag she fetched from her office(带着从办公室拿来的一个精美的纸袋； 省略that/which的定语从句)，was walking around the classroom to collect the candy hearts.(2)The heavy paper bag was filled with gifts from the students as a welcome for their new classmate(学生们用装满礼物的纸袋来欢迎他们的新同学).(3)Sitting next to Eva，Chase felt his heart racing and palms sweating(Chase坐在Eva身边，感到心跳加速，手心冒汗；sitting动词­ing形式短语作状语).(4)In order not to ruin the new year surprise for Eva(为了不破坏给Eva的新年惊喜)，he pretended to be discussing math problems with her to occupy her attention.(5)The weight on his heart was finally lifted(他心头的重负终于卸下了) when Ms. Robins tiptoed toward him and placed the paper bag on his hands. [变式表达] 用relief改写句(5)中的表达。 A sense of relief finally washed over him when Ms. Robins tiptoed toward him and placed the paper bag on his hands. 单元测评4　Unit 4　Friends forever (时间：30分钟　　满分：32.5分) (本栏目内容在学生用书中以活页形式分册装订！) Ⅰ.阅读理解(本题共8个小题，每小题2.5分，共20分) A (2024·河北高三下适应测试) Making it to 100 years old is a big achievement on its own, but being active at that age is absolutely worthy of praise and admiration.Jayne Burns, who just turned 101 years old, still has a part­time job at a craft store in Ohio, drives herself to work, and simply doesn't see herself retiring anytime soon.Not only does she seem to love keeping busy, but she credits it as one of her secrets to living a long life. Burns first caught the Internet's attention on TikTok.There, her coworker Maggie HusVar told her followers about her then 98­year­old friend.Maggie then asked Burns to share a piece of advice with her new fans, to whom Burns said, “Keep moving.” The senior woman recently celebrated her 101st birthday, and she certainly hasn't changed her mind about slowing down.Burns took the job in 1997 after her husband died, and has expressed that she enjoys what she does, so she wants to keep doing it “I'll work for as long as I can or as long as they'll have me，” she said. In celebration of her milestone birthday, Burns recently shared some more tips for a long life.“I was always active all my life doing things.So I think that has helped more than anything.” As a cancer survivor, she said she used to watch her sugar intake, but she doesn't anymore, as she loves sweets.Despite her age, she still follows a beauty routine.“I use a moisturizer(保湿霜) and makeup.I figured I did it all my life, so I'm not going to stop now，” she says. Overall, her top secret for a long life is to make friends and find happiness in the company of others.“It's important to find people who are friendly and kind，” she says, “I enjoy talking to everybody I work with, and meeting the customers who are very nice, even if some of them are surprised to see me at the cutting table.” 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一位101岁高龄但仍然活跃的女性Jayne Burns的故事——她在一家手工艺术品店做兼职工作，并且热爱忙碌的生活。她认为长寿的秘诀是交朋友，并在他人的陪伴中找到快乐。 1．Why does Jayne Burns still work part­time? A．To keep herself busy. B．To make more money. C．To meet more people. D．To win praise and admiration. 答案：A 解析：细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的 “Not only does she seem to love keeping busy, but she credits it as one of her secrets to living a long life.” 可知， Jayne Burns 之所以还在做兼职工作，是为了让自己保持忙碌。故选A。 2．What can we know about Jayne Burns? A．She goes to work by bus. B．She puts on makeup daily. C．She likes nothing but sweets. D．She gets along well with her boss. 答案：B 解析：推理判断题。根据文章第四段中的 “Despite her age, she still follows a beauty routine.” 和 “I use a moisturizer(保湿霜) and makeup.” 可知，尽管年事已高，但她坚持例行美容——用保湿霜和(其他)化妆品。由此可推知， Jayne Burns 每天都化妆。故选B。 3．What does Jayne Burns think is the key to enjoying a healthy and long life? A．Eating what you love. B．Doing exercise regularly. C．Having a part­time job. D．Making friends and being happy. 答案：D 解析：细节理解题。根据文章最后一段中的 “Overall, her top secret for a long life is to make friends and find happiness in the company of others.” 可知， Jayne Burns 认为长寿的秘诀是交朋友并在他人的陪伴中找到快乐。故选D。 4．What's the best title for the text? A．Living a Busy Life B．A Successful Woman C．Keeping Active Forever D．Secrets to a Woman's Long Life 答案：D 解析：标题归纳题。通读全文，尤其根据文章第一段中的 “Making it to 100 years old is a big achievement on its own” 和最后一段的 “Overall, her top secret for a long life” 可知，文章主要讲述的是一位女性的长寿秘诀。故选D。 B (2024·金丽衢十二校联考) In February 2024, I began learning Chinese.Almost a year later, I found myself in Beijing, the capital of China.Before coming here, I had attended Chinese classes, and I could sense my progress in the language, albeit modest.As you might expect, studying for just one year wasn't sufficient to claim fluency, and to be honest, I'm not there yet.But full proficiency in the language is not necessary to immerse yourself in and enjoy many attractions of life in China. The one thing that truly makes me feel comfortable and alleviates loneliness is making friends and engaging in conversation.At Tsinghua University, where I pursued my studies in China, I made friends with many Chinese young people and relished spending time with them, be it for meals or leisure activities.I've been delighted to sing Chinese songs with my friends.I would also sing well­known Japanese songs, such as Lemon, which is very popular in China.I felt that connecting with my Chinese peers through a shared passion, such as singing, was incredibly enjoyable and beautiful.It transcended language barriers and fostered a sense of unity and joy that was truly special. During breaks from study, I frequently embarked on solo journeys across China.Although I have experienced traveling on overnight trains for over 12 hours several times and explored unfamiliar cities, I never felt fearful or unwelcome as a foreigner.Chinese people are consistently warm and welcoming to foreigners, and eager to engage in conversation. I once participated in community activities in north­west China's Gansu Province to gain a deeper understanding of China's rural areas and contribute to the development of local communities and education.As a volunteer teacher at a local school, I shared contemporary and traditional Japanese culture such as anime, architecture, pop music and languages with the students.Since Japanese kanji originated in China, there are many similarities between the Japanese and Chinese languages. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者来中国学习、旅行和工作的经历，期间结交了很多中国朋友，并讲述了其所见、所闻、所感。 5．What is necessary for the author to enjoy attractions of life in China? A．Having proficiency in Chinese. B．Befriending foreign tourists. C．Setting out on solo journeys alone. D．Communicating with Chinese locals. 答案：D 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的 “The one thing that truly...making friends and engaging in conversation.” 可知，真正让作者感到舒适和减轻孤独的一件事是交朋友并参与到交谈之中。文中的 “feel comfortable” 与题干中的 “enjoy attractions of life” 表达意思吻合，由此可知，与中国当地人交流是作者享受中国生活魅力的必要条件。故选D。 6．What does the underlined word “relished” in Paragraph 2 mean? A．Advocated. B．Enjoyed. C．Postponed. D．Avoided. 答案：B 解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词上文的 “I made friends with many Chinese young people and” 以及下文 “spending time with them, be it for meals or leisure activities” 可知，作者结交了许多中国的年轻朋友，并花时间与他们在一起，无论是吃饭还是进行休闲活动，由此可推知，作者应该是开心、享受的。故画线词意为 “享受”，与B 项意思一致。 7．How did the author develop the text? A．By listing numbers. B．By giving examples. C．By making comparison. D．By setting questions. 答案：B 解析：推理判断题。通读文章可知，作者通过分享自己在中国学习、旅行的经历，以及在中国甘肃社区活动中的具体例子来展开论述。由此可推知，作者通过举例来展开文章。故选B。 8．What is the author's impression of Chinese people? A．Hospitable. B．Cautious. C．Punctual. D．Smart. 答案：A 解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的 “Chinese people are consistently warm and welcoming to foreigners, and eager to engage in conversation.”可知，作者对中国人的印象是好客的。故选A。 Ⅱ.阅读七选五(本题共5个小题，每小题2.5分，共12.5分) (2025·青岛高三检测) When you think of your closest friends, who will come to your mind? Perhaps your college roommates or the neighbor you played with as a child.Regardless of how you met these people, they most likely have one key thing in common： 1 A 2023 study found that, for those aged 21 to 30, over 80 percent in their social circles were born within five years of them.Moreover, nearly 63 percent of adults have no close friends 15 years older or younger than them. Spending our time with such a narrow group of people can fuel age segregation and increase our loneliness.These limitations also keep us from other generations' mindsets and potentially surprising points of connection. 2 Of course, the ones that are older might offer a brief look into the coming years. A program that runs schools out of senior centers has said a lot about it. 3 Dawn Carr, a sociology professor, said most older people get much from practical help—with new technology, for instance—their younger friends offered. 4 Having fun with someone decades younger definitely takes off their pressure to “act their age”． 5 Lila, aged 75, was proud that her life experiences prepared her to give advice to her young friend with depression, for which the young was grateful.Also, older friends offer more examples of what growing up can look like.If someone's parents are the only older people they know well, they might fail to picture other possibilities.A greater pool of older friends can help young people create their own blueprint. A．You befriend those who live around. B．They're all roughly the same age as you. C．Others might find joy in exposure to new ideas. D．Brought closer, both see more than one benefit. E．Younger friends can be a reminder of past selves. F．Forming these kinds of friendship is particularly hard today. G．Indeed, intergenerational relationship is never a one­way street. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了老年人和年轻人交朋友时双方都会得到好处。 1．答案：B 解析：根据上文中的“they most likely have one key thing in common” 和下文中的 “...were born within five years of them.” 可知，空处主要说明亲密的朋友的共同点是什么——这些人都与自己的年纪接近。B 项 “他们都和你差不多大。” 符合语境，故选B。 2．答案：E 解析：根据下文中的 “Of course, the ones that are older might offer a brief look into the coming years.” 可知，老年人朋友会让人了解未来。E 项 “年轻人朋友可以让人想起过去的自己。”符合语境，其中的Younger 呼应了下文中的older，past呼应了下文中的the coming years。故选E。 3．答案：D 解析：根据下文 “...most older people get much from practical help—with new technology, for instance—their younger friends offered.” 以及 “Having fun with someone decades younger definitely takes off their pressure to ‘act their age’．” 可知，空处主要说明老年人和年轻人在相处时都会得到好处。D 项 “距离一旦拉近，两者都看到了不止一个好处。” 符合语境。下文中的 get much from practical help和takes off their pressure 解释了D 项中的 more than one benefit。故选D。 4．答案：C 解析：根据下文 “Having fun with someone decades younger definitely takes off their pressure to‘act their age’．” 可知，年纪大的人和比自己小几十岁的人玩得开心，会减轻心理压力，因此空处应提及心理层面的受益。C项 “其他人可能会从接触新想法中找到乐趣。” 引出下文，符合语境，故选C。 5．答案：G 解析：文章的前面几段说的是在与年轻人交朋友时，老年人会得到的好处。根据下文中的 “Lila, aged 75, was proud that her life experiences prepared her to give advice to her young friend with depression, for which the young was grateful.” 和 “A greater pool of older friends can help young people create their own blueprint.” 可知，本段说明了年轻人在和老年人相处时也会得到好处。G项 “其实，代际关系从来不是单行道。” 符合语境，故选G。 学生用书第40页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $