必修第一册 Unit 2 Exploring English（教师用书Word）-【正禾一本通】2026年新高考英语高三一轮总复习高效讲义（外研版）

该高中英语高考复习讲义聚焦词汇句式运用与写作能力提升，按“阅读词汇-拓展变形-核心应用”逻辑梳理高频考点，涵盖likely、reflect等核心词汇及not only...but also...等经典句式，通过语境识意、变形规律总结（如ion名词后缀-ive形容词后缀）、真题例句（2024新课标卷）解析等环节，帮助学生构建知识网络，突破词义辨析与句式转换难点。 讲义创新采用“词汇-句式-语篇-写作”四维训练模式，如在核心词汇复习中结合读后续写微点练（用astonished等词描写惊讶场景），应用文写作增分练（咨询信中运用aware、intend等单元词汇），培养学生语言能力与思维品质。设置基础巩固（语境填空）、能力提升（真题难句翻译）分层练习，配合即时反馈，确保学生在有限时间内高效掌握考点，为教师把控复习节奏、提升学生应考能力提供实用指导。

Part 1　单元词汇…………………………分类自测 阅读词汇——语境识意 1.highway maintenance　　　公路养护 2.gas leak 汽油泄漏 3.elevator buttons 电梯按钮 4.get seasick/airsick/carsick 晕船/晕飞机/晕车 5.broad motorways 宽阔的高速公路 6.capitalized letters 大写字母 7.a light spacious apartment/flat 宽敞明亮的公寓 8.travel on the subway　　坐地铁出行 9.online forum 在线论坛 10.a series of misadventures 一连串的事故 11.have a sore throat 喉咙痛 12.take off boots 脱下靴子 13.a wicked witch 邪恶的女巫 14.odd behavior 古怪的行为 拓展词汇——变形拼写 第一组：动词变形 1.elevate v．提拔，提升；抬起→elevation n．高度，海拔；提拔→elevator n．电梯，升降机 2.create vt.创造；创作→creation n．创造；创作→creative adj.创造(性)的→creativity n．创造性，创造力 3.reflect v．显示，反映→reflection n．反射；映像；反映→reflective adj.反射的，反光的；沉思的 4.enter v．进入→entrance n．大门(口)，入口(处)→entry n．进入；参赛；条目 5.confuse vt.使迷惑；混淆，弄错→confusing adj.令人困惑的→confused adj.困惑的；混乱的→confusion n．混同；混淆 6.behave vi.表现；举止得体→behavior n．举止，行为 7.base v．以……为基础→based adj.(以某事)为基础的→basic adj.基础的；基本的→basically adv.基本上→basis n．基础；准则 8.oppose v．反对→opposing adj.(观点、意见等)相反的，相对立的→opposed adj.反对的→opposite adj.对面的；相反的 prep.在……对面 n．对立面 9.recognise v．认识，辨认出→recognition n．认识；承认 10.intend v．计划，打算→intention n．打算；意图；目的 11.remind v．提醒，使……想起→reminder n．提醒人的事物 第二组：形容词和名词变形 12.visible adj.看得见的，可见的→(反义词) invisible adj.看不见的 13.aware adj.意识到的，明白的→(反义词) unaware adj.未察觉的，不知道的→awareness n．认识；意识 14.informal adj.(书写或言谈)非正式的→(反义词) formal adj.正式的→formally adv.正式地 15.type n．类型，种类→typical adj.典型的，有代表性的→typically adv.典型地，有代表性地 16.actual adj.真实的；实际的→actually adv.事实上，实际上 17.likely adj.可能的，可能发生的→(反义词) unlikely adj.难以相信的；不大可能发生的 18.addition n．增加物，添加物→additional adj.另外的，额外的→additionally adv.此外，另外 19.familiar adj.熟悉的→(反义词) unfamiliar adj.不熟悉的，不了解的→familiarity n．通晓；熟悉 20.capital n．资金；首都，省会；大写字母→capitalize v．用大写字母书写；把……首字母大写→capitalized adj.大写的 学生用书第15页 ­ion多为名词后缀，其相应形容词后缀可能是­ive。 ①creation n．创造，创建；作品→creative adj.创造(性)的，创作的；有创造力的　②expression n．表达，表示；表情→expressive adj.富于表情的，富于表现力的；表现的　③communication n．交流，沟通→communicative adj.爱说话的，健谈的；交际的　　 核心词汇——单句应用 1.(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)In addition，I have an old two­volume copy of the Shorter Oxford Dictionary，picked up a few years ago in a bookshop sale for just 99 pence. 2.(2024·全国甲卷)We look forward to welcoming you as we showcase the creativity (creative) of the Harvard arts community through performances，art exhibitions and art­making activities. 3.(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)I thought my pronunciation was the problem，so I explained again more slowly，but he still looked confused (confuse). 4.(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)Those cultural elements have increased Stratford's international visibility (visible)，said Edmondson，adding that visitors walking through the Birthplace Garden were often amazed to find the connection between the two great writers. 5.(2024·浙江1月卷)You can also find students on the class discussion board to organize (organization) a study group，or schedule in­person meetings with your professor to discuss course concepts. 6.It's believed that wealth can be created (create) through hard work. 7.I have already completed the project，and additionally (additional)，I have prepared a presentation to display our findings. 8.When enough of these errors (error) are averaged together，they cancel each other out，resulting in a more accurate estimate. 9.Each ARTS FIRST festival is a unique annual celebration of the Harvard community's artistic creativity (create). 10.In a follow­up study with 100 university students，the researchers tried to get a better sense of what the group members actually (actual) did in their discussion. 11.With the intention (intend) of becoming famous and rich，some ordinary people are preparing to take part in some TV shows. 12.When I stayed in the hotel，I felt very bored so I wound (wind) up the watch and listened to it tick. 13.Basically，his income only meets basic living expenses.So he just chooses a simple lifestyle based on his limited salary.(base) 14.He joined the organization which was organized by the great leader as soon as it was set up.(organize) 15.The child behaved so well in class that the teacher praised his good behavior in front of others.(behave) 学生用书第16页 Part 2　短语句式……………………………教材精选 Ⅰ.选择合适的短语并用其正确形式填空 be short for，be used as，go off，be made up of，calm down，be referred to as，burn up/down，be aware of，fill in/out，wind up，come across，come up with，have a frog in one's throat，to one's astonishment，wonder at，speak o 1．The term “Dr.Tom” is short for “Doctor Thomas”， which is how he is formally addressed in the medical field. 2．When the spaceship re­entered the Earth's atmosphere，it started to burn up/down due to the intense heat and friction. 3．The chemical compound known as H2O is commonly referred to as water in everyday language. 4．Before signing the contract，it's important to be aware of all the terms and conditions to avoid any surprises later. 5．Speaking of my class，I have to say that I can't stand some classmates' selfishness. 6．She says these activities at bedtime can get kids all excited and make it hard for them to calm down and sleep. 7．So she went off about 1，200 miles away from home，to train with a coach from China. 8．Register online or fill out/in a Group Play Registration Form with multiple date and start time options. 9．When you wind up something such as the window of a car，you make it move upwards by turning a handle. 10．See if you can rework your schedule and come up with practical ways to reduce the number of hours you're on call. Ⅱ.根据所给汉语和要求完成下面的句子 1．(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷应用文写作)我们这些学生不仅获得了一些实践经验，而且还培养了我们对艺术和自然的兴趣！(not only...but also；倒装句) Not only did we students get some hands­on experience，but we also developed our interest in both art and nature! 2．(2023·全国乙卷应用文写作)这就是我在五一期间学习烹饪的原因。(why引导的表语从句) That is why I learned how to cook during the May Day holiday. 3．就在那时，我意识到了我应承担的责任。(be aware of) It was at that moment that I became/was aware of the responsibility I was supposed to shoulder. Part 1　核心词汇……………………………多维练透 likely (教材义) adj.可能的，可能发生的；(补充义) adv.大概，很可能 (1)sb/sth is likely/unlikely to do sth某人/某物很可能/不可能做某事 (2)It is likely/unlikely that...可能/不可能…… ①As young as age six，girls are less likely than boys to say (say) that members of their gender are “really，really smart”． ②In some cases，students are more likely to be influenced (influence) by the friends around them than their teachers. ③[读后续写之主旨升华] 一个表达关爱的小小举动可能会融化人们内心的孤单。 It is likely that a small gesture of care will melt people's loneliness. ④(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)What worked on a veterinarian seemed likely to work on his patients (似乎对他的病人很有效). 学生用书第17页 reflect (教材义) v．显示，反映；(补充义) v．反射(光、热或声音)；深思，反省；深思后认为，深思后说 (1)be reflected in sth某物反映出…… (2)reflect on/upon sth思考某事；回忆某事 (3)reflection n.反射；反映；映像；沉思，深思 be lost in reflection 陷入深思中 ①Don't be afraid of mistakes.You have to learn by reflecting on/upon them. ②[读后续写之动作描写] 听到我的话，他低下了头，陷入沉思中。 Hearing my words，he hung his head，lost in deep reflection． ③(2024· 新课标Ⅰ卷)However，for maximizing learning where mental focus and reflection (reflect) are called for，educators shouldn't assume all media are the same，even when they contain identical words.　　　　　　　 remind v．提醒，使……想起 (1)remind sb of sth提醒某人某事；使某人想起某事 (2)remind sb to do sth提醒某人做某事 (3)remind(sb) that/how/what...提醒(某人)…… (4)reminder n.提醒物；引起回忆的事物 ①Those tomatoes had taste that reminded (remind) me of the ones my uncle used to grow when I was a child. ②Jenna reminded Jeff to put (put) the card they had made on the breakfast tray. ③[读后续写之主旨升华] 它提醒我们，善良、慷慨的帮助和爱会影响他人并得到回报。 It serves as a reminder/ It reminds us that kindness，generous help and love will influence others and be rewarded. ④(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)Neighbors will bring me freshly made cheese and will come to my door to remind (remind) me to close the window in my car when rain is coming. intend(教材义) v．计划，打算；(补充义) v．意指，意思是；准备，预留(作某种用途或给某人用) (1)intend doing/to do sth打算做某事 (2)intend sb to do sth打算让某人做某事 (3)intended adj.打算的，计划的 be intended for/to do...专为……而设计；专供……使用的 (4)intention n．打算；意图 with an/the intention of...打算…… have no intention to do sth无意做某事 ①Behind the simple style，however，is a serious message intended (intend) for everyone. ②I benefit a lot from the column intended for teenagers interested in western cultures. ③[读后续写之心理描写] 我愣住了，拒绝会毁了我们的友谊，不是吗？诚实第一，但我无意拒绝他。 I froze.It would ruin our friendship to say “No”，wouldn't it? Honesty comes first，but I have no intention to refuse him． ④(2024·浙江1月卷)The last time I used a phone box for its intended (intend) purpose was...2006. recognise(教材义) v．认识，辨认出；(补充义) v．承认，意识到；(正式或在法律上)认可；赞赏，公认；表扬，表彰 (1)be recognised to be/as...被认为是…… (2)It is(generally) recognised that...人们公认…… (3)recognition n．认识；承认 beyond/out of (all) recognition认不出来 ①He is universally recognised as one of the greatest scientists in the world. ②A sudden smile of recognition (recognise) flashed across his face. 学生用书第18页 ③[读后续写之主旨升华] 不要等到别人对你微笑你才对人友善，不要等到孤独才明白朋友的价值。 Don't wait for a smile to be nice，and don't wait to be lonely to recognise the value of a friend． ④(2024·全国甲卷)Your cat will likely smell your face and store the smell in its memory and use it to recognize (recognize) you in the future. be aware of 意识到，察觉到 (1)be/become aware of/that...很清楚…… (2)awareness n．意识 raise/develop/arouse an awareness of...提高/培养/唤醒……的意识 ①We're all well aware of how dressing up in different ways can make us feel more attractive，sporty or professional. ②It is important that students develop an awareness (aware) of how the Internet can be used. ③(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)This is why Campbell has set out to raise awareness (aware) of AI and its future now—several decades before these developments are expected to take place. Part 2　经典句式……………………………写作迁移 句型公式：not only...but also...不仅……而且…… (1)用于连接两个并列的句子或者句子并列成分，其中also可省略。 (2)not only置于句首时，not only后面的句子要部分倒装。 (3)若连接的两个成分作主语，其谓语动词的数通常与最近的主语保持一致。 ①(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)此外，它不仅会提高我们的英语沟通能力，而且还会建立我们的信心。 Moreover，not only will it improve our English communication skills，but it will also /but it will build our confidence. ②[读后续写之场景和感受描写] 早晨的阳光照进来，不仅照亮了我的房间，也温暖了我的心。 The morning sunlight flooded in，which not only lit up my room，but also warmed my heart． ③(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)这节特殊的美术课不仅让我沉浸在大自然的美丽中，而且让我有机会用画笔在画布上捕捉它。 Not only did this special art class allow me to immerse myself in the beauty of nature but also provided me with an opportunity to capture it on the canvas with my paintbrushes. Part 3　语境辨义……………………………举一反三 Ⅰ.熟词生义(写出句中加黑词汇的词性及汉语意思) 1．(2024·浙江1月卷)Then, when you use one section, the other stays fresh.n.部分 2．(2024·全国甲卷)For 10 months every year, the train stops at about eight stations over two weeks, before returning to the regional capital to refuel and restock (补给).n.首府 3．(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)The garden also contains a winding path that guides visitors through the twelve regions of the Silk Road.adj.弯曲的，蜿蜒的 学生用书第19页 4．(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷) You can also bike along lovely landscapes outside of Amsterdam.vi.骑自行车 5．(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷) MacBike has been around for almost 30 years and is the biggest bicycle rental company in Amsterdam.adv.出现；可用 6．(2022·全国甲卷) The more time you spend in any given country, the more comfortable you'll begin to feel with its foreign cultural practices.adj.特定的 7．It was bronchitis(支气管炎) that finished her, helped by a week of November fog and Cressley's industrial dirt and smoke.vt.结束(生命) 8．I said with some heat，“Look here, Nabin, ...”n.激动 Ⅱ.一词多义(选出下列单词在句中的正确释义) 1．reflect A．v.显示，反映 B．v.映照 C．v.深思 D．v.反 ①The quality of the work reflects the skill of the craftsman. A ②The sun's rays are reflected off the surface of the water. D ③After the argument，she reflected on her own behavior. C 2．aim A．n.目的 B．v.瞄准 C．v.旨在 D．v.力求达 ①The new policy aims to reduce carbon emissions. C ②I was aiming at the tree but hit the car by mistake. B ③She aimed to finish the project before the deadline. D Ⅰ.语篇语境综合练(语境创新——词汇再练) Learning English can be an exciting journey.One of the first things you notice is the wide range of words with different meanings.Some words have opposing definitions，which can be 1.confusing (confuse) at first.But this is what makes English unique. When you start a new day of learning，you might set an alarm to wake up early.This is a great way 2.to reflect (reflect) on your daily schedule.English helps improve your 3.creativity (creative) by letting you play with words and sentences. There are many 4.types (type) of English words and phrases，and their organization can be tricky.It's 5.likely (like) that you will find some grammar rules confusing at first.6.In addition，English idioms might be puzzling.For example，“breaking the ice” has nothing to do with actual ice! Reminding yourself to practice daily can help a lot.7.Oddly (odd)，sometimes making mistakes can increase your 8.awareness (aware) of the language.Language learning is based on regular practice and exposure.Words are not just 9.intended (intend) to communicate；they actually help you understand culture，history，and thoughts of people.Keep 10.exploring (explore) English，and enjoy every step of this wonderful journey! Ⅱ.真题难句拓展练(剖析长句——精准翻译) 1．(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)In the wrong hands，such a book could prove as complicated to process as the computer code (代码) that powers AI but，thankfully，Campbell has more than two decades' professional experience translating the heady into the understandable. [剖析]　本句为but连接的并列复合句。but前面的分句是主从复合句，句子主干为主系表结构 a book could prove as complicated，句中使用了such... 学生用书第20页 as...结构，且包含一个定语从句that powers AI，修饰the computer code。but后面的分句是简单句，为主谓宾结构 Campbell has more than two decades' professional experience，其后为动词­ing形式短语作定语。 [翻译]　这本书如果落入不当之手，处理起来可能会像驱动人工智能的计算机代码一样复杂，但值得庆幸的是，Campbell拥有二十多年的专业经验，可以将枯燥的内容转化为通俗易懂的内容。 2．(2024·全国甲卷)He suggested I think about the difference between endings that I wanted for the characters and endings that were right for the characters，endings that satisfied the story even if they didn't have a traditionally positive outcome. [剖析]　本句是一个主从复合句。句子主干为主谓宾结构 He suggested...outcome，其宾语为从句，省略了引导词that。该从句的主干也是主谓宾结构 I think about the difference，think前省略了should；其后between...and...结构作定语，修饰the difference；后面的that引导定语从句，均修饰前面的endings。even if引导让步状语从句。 [翻译]　他建议我思考我想要的角色结局和适合角色的结局之间的区别，即满足故事需要的结局，即使这些结局不是传统意义上的美满结局。 3．(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)Naming each nature experience creates a usable language，which helps people recognize and take part in the activities that are most satisfying and meaningful to them. [剖析]　本句是一个主从复合句。句子主干为主谓宾结构 Naming each nature experience creates a usable language，其中主语是动词­ing形式短语Naming each nature experience；which引导定语从句，修饰a usable language；that引导定语从句，修饰activities。 [翻译]　命名每一种自然体验创造了一种可用的语言，这有助于人们认识并参与到对他们来说最令人满意和最有意义的活动中。 Ⅰ.应用文写作增分练——语言学习(咨询如何学好英语) 结合本单元话题，用单元词汇、经典句型完成下面的应用文写作，并背诵。 [基础语料] 单元词汇 confusing，aware，actually，intend，remind；in addition 经典句型 be aware that...; find ＋宾语＋宾语补足语；强调谓语 [情境呈现] 假定你是李华，请你给你的英国笔友Henry写一封邮件，谈谈你对英语学习的困惑并寻求建议。 [思路点拨] 人称 第一和第二人称 时态 一般现在时 内容要点线索 首段点明写信目的→中段提出自己的困惑并请求帮助→末段结语 [写作输出] Dear Henry， How are you doing ? I am writing to ask you to do me a favor to help improve my English. Recently(1)I find some English grammar and idioms a little confusing(我发现一些英语语法和习语有点令人困惑；confusing; find复合结构) to understand.(2)Although I am aware that (尽管我意识到；aware; 状语从句)there are many differences between American English and British English，(3)I have no idea which to follow(我不知道遵循哪一种；no idea；疑问词＋动词不定式).(4)In addition，some people remind me to watch some English movies(此外，有些人提醒我看一些英语电影；in addition，remind) or TV programs，but does it matter? (5)Actually，I do intend to improve my English (事实上，我确实想提高我的英语水平；actually；intend；强调谓语)so I hope I can get some help from you as soon as possible. Looking forward to your early reply. Yours， Li Hua 学生用书第21页 [变式表达] 用it形式宾语句型改写句(1)。 I find it a little confusing to understand some English grammar and idioms. Ⅱ.读后续写微点练——学校英语写作比赛 (惊讶震惊) [基础语料] 词汇 astonished 　　　　　　　惊讶的 shocked 震惊的 stunned 惊呆了的 amazed 惊奇的 dumbfounded 惊讶得说不出话来的 disbelief n. 不信，怀疑 be struck dumb 哑口无言 hard to take in 让人难以接受 at a loss for words 惊讶得说不出话来 stare at sb/sth in disbelief 难以置信地盯着某人/某物看 句式 with复合结构；can't wait to 细节描写 1.Her eyes widened in astonishment when she saw the amount on the paycheck.当她看到工资单上的数字时，惊讶地睁大了眼睛。 2.The audience was stunned into silence by the magician's final trick.魔术师的最后一个把戏让观众们惊讶得鸦雀无声。 3.I was dumbfounded by the complexity of the problem.问题之复杂让我目瞪口呆。 4.The sudden noise made him jump in surprise. 突如其来的噪音让他惊讶地跳了起来。 5.She was taken aback by his immediate response. 他直截了当的回答让她大吃一惊。 [情境呈现] (2023·新课标Ⅰ卷·读后续写) “我”来自巴西，英语是“我”的第二语言→“我”不喜欢写作→老师鼓励“我”参加写作比赛→“我”一遍又一遍地写文章，终于完成了比赛→…… [思路点拨] 文体：记叙文 人称：第一人称 时态：过去时为主 续写思路：根据第一段首句A few weeks later，when I almost forgot the contest，there came the news.可知，接下来主要写“我”获奖的消息以及感受等。 [写作输出] A few weeks later，when I almost forgot the contest，there came the news. I won first place and was invited to attend the award presentation.That was the first time in my chatty life (1)I was struck dumb，in any language(不管用什么语言，我都惊呆了).Even I myself didn't believe the news.(2)My classmates stared at me in disbelief(同学们难以置信地盯着我).(3)I was thrilled with the result，with a horse running in my heart(我对这个结果激动不已，心中有一匹骏马在奔跑；with复合结构).(4)I couldn't wait to tell the good news to my social studies teacher(我迫不及待地想和我的社会学老师分享这个好消息； can't wait to). [变式表达] 用be eager，share改写句(4)。 I was eager to share the good news with my social studies teacher. 单元测评2　Unit 2　Exploring English (时间：30分钟　　满分：35分) (本栏目内容在学生用书中以活页形式分册装订！) Ⅰ.阅读理解(本题共8个小题，每小题2.5分，共20分) A (2025·江苏省南京市协同体联考) The way different languages sound may depend on the geography of the landscape on which they're spoken, new research suggests. A study of more than 550 languages around the world found that tongues spoken in high­altitude regions contain more sounds called “ejective consonants”， sounds made with a burst of air, than languages closer to sea level. “Ejectives may be more common in these regions because the sounds are easier to produce there, or possibly because they minimize water loss from the mouth in dry, high­altitude environments，” said study author Caleb Everett, an anthropological (人类学的) linguist at the University of Miami. Traditionally, linguists have assumed that geography doesn't play a role in shaping languages, with the exception of vocabulary specific to certain environments or wildlife.A handful of small studies have suggested that languages in warm climates use more vowels than languages in cold climates, but the findings are controversial. Everett set out to investigate how other aspects of geography, namely altitude, might be linked to certain sounds in a language—specifically, ejectives.Everett suspected that ejectives might be more common at high altitudes, where the lower air pressure would make them easier to produce. To test this hypothesis (假说), Everett analyzed phoneme data on 567 languages from the World Atlas of Linguistic Structures Online.He compared the data to the altitudes where the languages were spoken, obtained using geographic mapping software.Languages containing ejective sounds were found to occur at or near five of the six major inhabited high­altitude regions, including in North and South America, southern Africa and Eurasia, Everett found. He theorized that languages at high altitudes may have evolved to have ejective sounds because less effort is required to produce these bursts of air in thinner atmospheres.Alternatively, speaking in ejectives might expel (排出) less water vapor from the mouth, allowing water to be conserved in typically dry high­altitude environments.Everett's findings were based on basic calculations of the air pressure needed to make these sounds. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇科学报道。文章探讨了高海拔地区语言中喷气音较多的现象，可能与空气稀薄和水分保持有关。 1．What did Everett's study focus on? A．The effects of warm climates on language. B．The impact of high altitudes on human speech. C．The evolution of ejective consonants. D．The link between geography and language sounds. 答案：D 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段内容可知，该项研究的作者Everett的研究聚焦于地理环境，第二段内容开始强调特别是海拔高度与语言中特定声音(即“ejective consonants”)之间的联系。研究探讨了不同地理环境下语言声音的差异，因此，选项D正确。 2．What might be the reasons for more ejective consonants in languages spoken in high­altitude regions? A．They are easier to hear in thin air. B．They are related to certain wildlife. C．They help reduce water loss in the mouth. D．They are easier to produce in thick atmospheres. 答案：C 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中“because they minimize water loss from the mouth in dry, high­altitude environments...”可知，高海拔地区的语言中ejective consonants更常见可能是因为这些声音在稀薄的空气中更容易产生，或者因为它们在干燥的高海拔环境中最小化了口腔水分的流失。因此，选项C正确。 3．What is Paragraph 6 mainly about? A．The controversy surrounding Everett's hypothesis. B.The scientific basis for Everett's research. C．The distribution of ejective sounds. D．The research methods and findings. 答案：D 解析：段落大意题。根据第六段内容可知，本段主要描述了Everett的研究方法和发现。他分析了来自世界语言结构在线图谱的567种语言的音素数据，并将其与这些语言被使用地区的海拔高度进行比较。 4．Where is the text most probably taken from? A.A geography textbook. B．A linguistic research paper. C．An experiment report. D．A cultural magazine. 答案：B 解析：文章出处题。通读全文可知，本文讨论了语言、地理和人类学之间的关系，这是语言学研究论文的典型主题。它包含了研究假设、方法、数据分析和结论，这些都是学术论文的常见组成部分。 B (2024·广州高三综测) My father started learning French at 57, drawn by the potential benefits of bilingualism in delaying dementia(痴呆症).Now, 20 years later, he's on his third teacher.Many people, like my father, have attempted to pick up a new language.But can this really boost brain health? According to experts, regularly using a new language brings cognitive (认知的) benefits.If you're trying to recall the right words in another language, your brain is forced to inhibit your mother tongue.This process, called cognitive inhibition, helps improve your brain function.Repeating this process makes your brain more resistant to diseases like dementia.The more you challenge your brain, the better it functions, even if your brain health starts to decline. However, evidence for the benefits of learning a second language in your 60s is weaker.Research by Dr.Leo Antoniou found that older Italians who took English lessons for four months didn't see any difference in their cognition scores, but people who didn't saw their scores decline.Prof.Diana Smith's 2023 studies found similar results. Researchers offered a few potential explanations for their disappointing results.One is that the participants were highly motivated volunteers, probably of high cognitive level for their age, making it hard to see any improvements.“When choosing participants, we have to be careful.Are they really representative of the population？” said Dr.Judith Ware.Another is that the language interventions were perhaps too short. “These studies have used language lessons that were very different in their length and frequency，” said Prof.Laura Grossman. To Dr.Antoniou, the limited findings are not entirely surprising.No one would say that learning a new language for six months would be the same as having used two languages for your entire life.But he does think that language lessons can provide cognitive benefits by being cognitively stimulating. Perhaps more importantly, Prof.Grossman said, learning another language offers other potential advantages, like traveling or connecting with new communities.My father, for example, has remained pen friends with his first teacher and traveled to France numerous times.And at 76, he's as sharp as ever. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇议论文。文章通过讲述作者的父亲在57岁时开始学习法语的故事，探究了学习新语言对老年人大脑健康的潜在益处，包括改善认知能力和可能延缓痴呆症。研究结果显示效果有限，但学习语言也有其他的益处。 5．What happens in the process of “cognitive inhibition” ? A．Memory improves. B．Native languages are held back. C．Dementia is cured. D．Brain health worsens. 答案：B 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的 “If you're trying to recall the right words in another language, your brain is forced to inhibit your mother tongue.This process, called cognitive inhibition” 可知，在使用新语言时，大脑被迫抑制母语的使用，这个过程被称为 “cognitive inhibition (认知抑制)”。由此可知，在 “认知抑制” 的过程中，母语会被抑制。故选B。 6．Which is a possible explanation for the disappointing research results? A．The intervention of the first language. B．The great length of the language course. C．The poor choice of research participants. D．The age difference of the research subjects. 答案：C 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的 “One is that the participants were highly motivated volunteers, probably of high cognitive level for their age, making it hard to see any improvements.” 可知，参与者都是非常积极的志愿者，就他们的年龄而言，他们的认知水平可能很高，因此很难让人看到任何改善迹象。由此可知，研究结果令人失望的可能解释之一是研究的参与者不具有代表性。故选C。 7．Whose opinion does the author support by mentioning his father's experience? A．Leo Antoniou's. B．Diana Smith's. C．Judith Ware's. D．Laura Grossman's. 答案：D 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的 “Perhaps more importantly, Prof.Grossman said, learning another language offers other potential advantages, like traveling or connecting with new communities.” 可知， Laura Grossman教授的观点是学习另一种语言提供了其他潜在的好处，比如旅行或与新的社群建立联系。由此可推知，作者提到自己的父亲学习法语后与他的第一个老师保持笔友关系并多次前往法国旅行，以此来例证 Laura Grossman的观点。故选D。 8．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text? A．Is it never too late to learn a new language? B．Can learning a new language delay dementia? C．Why did my father start learning a new language? D．How does learning a new language benefit the aging brain? 答案：B 解析：标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文通过讲述作者的父亲在57岁时开始学习法语的故事，探究学习新语言是否能够对大脑健康产生积极影响，尤其是能否推迟痴呆症的发生。但人们关于老年人学习新语言对认知功能提升效果的研究结果并不一致。所以B项(学习一门新语言能延缓痴呆症吗？)适合作为本文的最佳标题。故选B。 Ⅱ.完形填空(本题共15个小题，每小题1分，共15分) (2025·长沙适应) When working in person, most of us have a natural understanding of non­verbal(非语言的) signals.That is to say, all the ways in which we 1 work out without words. 2 ， in the digital workspace, this kind of communication can seem less 3 ．Many work 4 now happen via online chats, and even video meetings can go ahead with cameras off. Parts of non­verbal communication have always 5 outside face­to­face interaction, of course.For example, these unnoticeable 6 could begin with a profile picture on your CV; even deciding whether or not to add an emoji(表情符号) in a work group chat can change the 7 of the interaction. Yet the new workplace shift in where and how we work has 8 the world of non­verbal communication greatly.For instance, in video calls, backgrounds can give all sorts of non­verbal 9 about co­workers' lifestyles, 10 and level of professionalism.Let's say if a co­worker positions the camera below the chin, 11 others to look up, you begin to dislike him or her, almost 12 ．Indeed, data have shown that during video calls, factors like camera angles, distance from the camera and ability to make eye contact all 13 how likeable people are noticed to be. In a new world where 14 working is rapidly developing, being willing to engage non­verbally makes it 15 to understand others and to be understood. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章说明了面对面工作时，我们大多数人对非语言信号有一种自然的理解，但是在远程工作迅速发展的时代，这种交流似乎不那么重要了，但是愿意以非语言的方式参与会让你更容易理解别人，也更容易被别人理解。 1．A.unite B．communicate C．recognize D．cooperate 答案：B 解析：根据下文的“this kind of communication” 可知，此处应该指的是 “沟通方式”，且从空后的“without words” 也可以获得提示。故选B。 2．A.Besides B．However C．Otherwise D．Therefore 答案：B 解析：根据上下文语境可知，此处与上文构成一种转折关系。however意为“然而”。故选B。 3．A.important B．separable C．adventurous D．flexible 答案：A 解析：根据下文“and even video meetings can go ahead with cameras off” 可知，此处是指在数字工作场所中这种非语言交流似乎不那么重要了。important意为“重要的”。故选A。 4．A.conditions B．conversations C．seats D．paces 答案：B 解析：根据下文“online chats” 可知，此处是指许多工作对话(work conversations)。故选B。 5．A.survived B．proved C．transformed D．existed 答案：D 解析：根据上文的“ Parts of non­verbal communication” 和下文的“outside face­to­face interaction” 可知，此处指部分非语言交流一直存在于面对面的互动之外。exist 意为“存在”。故选D。 6．A.signals B．maps C．journeys D．articles 答案：A 解析：上文说部分非语言交流一直存在于面对面的互动之外。空处所在句举例说明，这些不明显的信号可以从简历中的个人资料图片开始。signal意为“信号”。故选A。 7．A.milestone B．analysis C．feel D．study 答案：C 解析：根据上文的“whether or not to add an emoji (表情符号) in a work group chat” 可知，在工作群聊时加入表情符号能够 “改变互动的气氛”。feel意为“气氛”。故选C。 8．A.quit B．expanded C．failed D．reduced 答案：B 解析：根据Yet 和上文 “Parts of non­verbal communication have always outside face­to­face interaction, of course.” 可知，此处指工作地点的转变极大地扩展了非语言交流的世界。expand意为“扩大”。故选B。 9．A.information B．change C．application D．concern 答案：A 解析：根据下文的“about co­workers' lifestyles” 可知，此处指提供各种非语言信息。information意为“信息”。故选A。 10．A.meetings B．suggestions C．interests D．videos 答案：C 解析：根据上文的backgrounds和下文内容可知，背景可以透露同事的生活方式和兴趣。interest意为“兴趣”。故选C。 11．A.inspiring B．forcing C．permitting D．warning 答案：B 解析：根据上文的“ if a co­worker positions the camera below the chin” 可知，此处是指迫使其他人往上看。force意为“迫使”。故选B。 12．A.continuously B．willingly C．carefully D．instantly 答案：D 解析：根据上文的“you begin to dislike him or her” 可知，此处指你几乎立刻就会开始讨厌他或她。instantly意为“立刻”。故选D。 13．A.impact B．accomplish C．report D．harm 答案：A 解析：根据上文的“factors like camera angles, distance from the camera and ability to make eye contact all” 可知，此处指这些因素会影响人们的受欢迎程度。impact意为“影响”。故选A。 14．A.specific B．general C．remote D．abstract 答案：C 解析：根据上文的“In a new world” 和“now happen via online chats, and even video meetings can go ahead with cameras off” 可知，此处指在一个远程工作迅速发展的新世界里。remote意为“远程的”。故选C。 15．A.easier B．harder C．more traditional D．more exciting 答案：A 解析：根据上文的“being willing to engage non­verbally” 可知，此处指愿意以非语言的方式与人交流有助于理解他人和被他人理解。easy意为“容易的”。故选A。 学生用书第22页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $