必修第二册 Unit 4 Exploring literature（教师用书Word）-【正禾一本通】2026年新高考英语高三一轮总复习高效讲义（译林版）

该高中英语讲义聚焦高考核心考点，整合词汇（阅读、多义、核心、拓展）、短语、句式（倒装、with复合结构等）及语篇知识，按“基础积累—能力提升—综合应用”逻辑架构，通过考点梳理（构词法、熟词生义）、方法指导（句式迁移、语境串记）、真题训练（阅读、完形、语法填空）等环节，帮助学生构建知识网络，突破难点，体现复习系统性和针对性。 资料采用多维记忆法（词汇遮挡背诵、语篇串记）和分层训练策略，如通过“句式遮挡背诵”强化句型应用，构建应用文“文学名著”话题语义场提升写作能力，培养语言能力与思维品质。设置单词、短语、句式过关测及基础、提升、综合练习，配合即时反馈，保障复习效率，助力学生提升应考能力，为教师把控复习节奏提供清晰路径。

任务(一)　词汇、句式、语篇背诵 单词多维背诵 阅 读 单 词 1.earnest adj.非常认真的；诚实的，真诚的 2．butterfly n．蝴蝶 3．shell n．贝壳；壳 4．turkey n．火鸡；火鸡肉 5．chapter n．章节；篇章 6．autobiography n．自传 [构词法：前缀auto­＋biography] 7．strain n．用劲，使力；压力，拉力；重负 8.weave vi.& vt.(weaved，weaved)迂回行进，穿行；(wove，woven)编 9．mushy adj.糊状的，软而稠的 10．literature n．文学，文学作品 11．element n．要素，基本部分 12．universal adj.普遍的，共同的； 普遍存在的[构词法：universe＋形容词后缀­al] 13．section n．部分，部门；部件，散件 多 义 单 词 [熟词生义] 1．issue [熟义] n．重要议题，争论的问题；问题，担忧；(报刊)一期→[生义] vt.宣布，公布 2．novel [熟义] n．(长篇)小说→[生义]adj.新颖的，珍奇的 3．stage [熟义] n．舞台；阶段；步骤→[生义] vt.上演，举办 4．contain [熟义]vt.包含，含有；容纳→[生义]vt.控制；抑制 [一词多义] 5．launch ①vt.使(船)下水 ②vt.开始从事，发动 ③n.上市 ④vt.发射，发起 6．mean ①adj.吝啬的，小气的 ②adj.不善良的；刻薄的 ③vt.意欲；打算 ④vt.意味着 7．appeal ①vi.呼吁，恳请 ②vi.有吸引力 ③n.吸引力 ④vi.上诉，申诉 核 心 单 词 [围绕话题——文学著作] 1．sensitive themes 敏感主题 2．the soul of the story 故事的灵魂 3．the feature of the novel这本小说的特点 4．a specific topic一个特定的话题 5.destroy the valuable painting 损坏了这幅贵重的画 6．defeat adversity 战胜逆境 7．at the first attempt 第一次尝试 8．flash of inspiration 灵感闪现 拓 展 单 词 1.devote vt.　　致力于；献身 devoted adj. 忠实的，忠诚的；挚爱的 devotion n. 奉献；挚爱；忠诚 2．appeal vi. 有吸引力；有感染力；申诉；呼吁 n. 吸引力；申诉；呼吁 appealing adj. 吸引人的；恳求的 3.determine vt.　 　 确定；支配；决心 vi. 决心 determination n. 决心；坚定 determined adj. 坚决的；下定决心的 4．significant adj. 有重要意义的，显著的 significance n. 意义；含义 significantly adv. 显著地；意味深长地 5.describe vt.　 　　 描述 description n. 描述，形容，说明 6．reflect vt.& vi. 反映，显示，映出(影像)；反射(声、光、热等)；沉思 reflection n. 倒影；反映；映像；思考 7．awake adj. 醒着的 awaken vt.& vi. 唤起，被唤起；(使) 醒来 8．permanent adj. 长久的；永久的；永恒的 permanence n. 永久；持久性 9．summary n. 总结，概括，概要 summarise vt.& vi. 总结，概括；概述 10．particular adj. 特别的，格外的；特指的；挑剔的 particularly adv. 特别，尤其 11．collect vt. 收集，聚集，募捐 collection n. (同类)收藏品；作品集；募捐 12.transport vt. 　　运输，运送 n. 交通运输系统；交通车辆；运输 transportation n. 运输；交通工具，运输工具 13．generous adj. 慷慨的；大方的；丰富的 generously adv. 慷慨地；大方地 generosity n. 慷慨，大方，宽宏大量 14．poet n. 诗人 poem n. 诗；韵文 poetry n. 诗集，诗歌(总称) 15．extreme adj.& n． 极端(的)；极度(的) extremely adv. 极其，非常，极端 16．confuse vt. 使混乱；使困惑；使糊涂 confusing adj. 令人困惑的；难懂的 confused adj. 糊涂的；迷惑的；不清楚的；混乱的 confusion n. 困惑；混乱 短语巧学助记 1.devote oneself to 致力，专心，献身[点拨：to是介词，后跟动词­ing形式] 2．in store (for sb) 即将发生(在某人身上)，等待着(某人) 3．in summary 总的来说[同义：in short] 4．ought to 应该，应当 5．in particular 尤其，特别[同义：particularly] 6．clear up (头脑)清醒；使整洁，清理 7．be on the point of doing sth 正要做某事 8.appeal to 对……有吸引力；向……呼吁 9．be capable of 有能力；能够 10．lie in 在于 11．pull on 拉动 12．hold on 坚持；抓住 13．take on 呈现；承担 14．get over 克服 15．come across (偶然)遇见[同义：encounter，run across，meet with] 句式遮挡背诵 1.A child and a man were walking on the beach when the child found a shell and held it to his ear.(be doing...when...正在做……这时……) 2．What amazed the child was not a new world，but the unnoticed music of the old.(what引导主语从句) 3．Behind every book is a man，behind the man is the race，and behind the race are the natural and social environments.(全部倒装) 4．In a word，we have now reached a point where we wish to enjoy and understand literature.(where 引导定语从句，修饰一个表示抽象地点的名词) 5．Never have I seen a greater，or more beautiful，or a calmer or more noble thing than you，brother.(否定词位于句首的部分倒装) 6．The fish righted himself and swam off again slowly with the great tail weaving in the air.(with复合结构) [遮住左栏尝试背诵] 1．一个孩子和一名男子正在海滩上散步，这时孩子发现了一枚贝壳，把它放到了耳边。 2．让孩子为之惊奇的其实不是一个新世界，而是旧世界那被人忽视的乐音。 3．每本书背后都有一个人，此人身后是一个族群，这个族群背后是自然和社会环境。 4．总之，我们现在已经到了想要欣赏和理解文学的阶段。 5．我从来没有见过比你更伟大、更美丽、更冷静或更高贵的家伙，兄弟。 6．鱼正正身子，又慢慢地游开，大尾巴在海面上绕来绕去。 语篇词汇串记 　　There are many respectable people around us.They may be our teachers，parents or one of our elders.As for me，my uncle Marin is the person I respect most.Now，I give you a brief introduction about him. Marin is a noble man belonging to the upper class.He devotes himself to literature and has made significant achievements.He has a large collection of books，containing some famous classic novels which have been donated to the local libraries.So people in our town respect him for his generosity.Besides，he has a sensitive soul and often shows sympathy for the old.I remember he once told me that no one knows what life has in store for us.He also appeals to some authors to donate some of their books to the libraries.Because of his kindness and generosity，some suggest that a biography should be written for him.It reflects their earnest respect for my uncle. [遮住左栏，忆加黑词汇] 我们周围有很多值得尊敬的人。他们可能是我们的老师、父母，也可能是我们的长辈之一。至于我，我的叔叔马林是我最尊敬的人。现在，我给你简要介绍一下他。 马林是一个属于上层阶级的贵族。他致力于文学事业，取得了重大成就。他收藏了大量的书籍，其中包括一些已捐赠给当地图书馆的著名经典小说。所以我们镇上的人们都因他的慷慨而尊重他。此外，他有一个敏感的灵魂，经常对老人表示同情。我记得他曾经告诉我，没有人知道生活即将发生什么。他还呼吁一些作家将他们的书捐赠给图书馆。由于他的善良和慷慨，一些人建议应该为他写一本传记。这反映了他们对我叔叔的诚挚的敬意。 任务(二)　背诵过关测＋练 (一)单词过关测＋练 阅 读 单 词 知 意 1.earnest 　 　　 adj.非常认真的； 诚实的，真诚的 2．butterfly n．蝴蝶 3．shell n．贝壳；壳 4．turkey n．火鸡；火鸡肉 5．chapter n．章节；篇章 6．autobiography n．自传 7.strain 　　　　n．用劲，使力；压力，拉力；重负 8．weave vi.& vt.迂回行进，穿行；编 9．mushy adj.糊状的，软而稠的 10．literature n．文学，文学作品 11．element n．要素，基本部分 12．universal adj.普遍的，共同的；普遍存在的 13．section n．部分，部门；部件，散件 核心单词练通 1.soul　　　 n．灵魂；心性，内心 2．attempt vt.& n．努力，尝试，试图 3．issue n．重要议题，争论的问题；问题，担忧；(报刊)一期 vt.宣布，公布 4．novel n．(长篇)小说 5．specific adj.特定的；明确的，具体的 6.topic　　　n．话题；题目；标题 7．stage n．舞台；阶段；步骤 vt.上演，举办 8．flash n.闪光；闪现 vt.& vi.(使)闪光；(使)闪现 9．sensitive adj.感觉敏锐的；体贴的；敏感的；灵敏的 结合语境拼写单词 10．The government will never be able to bridge the gap (差距) between the rich and poor. 11．The film was banned because it contained (包含) a number of extremely violent scenes. 12．The main feature (特征) of the author's works is the use of his own experience. 13．Hemingway is extremely good at describing the adventures of tough men who he believes “can be destroyed (摧毁) but not defeated (战胜)”． 拓 展 单 词 悉 变 1．appeal vi.有吸引力；申诉 n．吸引力；申诉；呼吁→appealing adj.吸引人的 2．extreme adj.& n．极端(的)；极度(的)→extremely adv.极其，非常，极端 3．permanent adj.长久的；永久的；永恒的→permanence n．永久；持久性 4．summary n．总结，概括，概要→summarise vt.& vi.总结，概括；概述 5．devote vt.致力于；献身→devoted adj.忠实的，忠诚的；挚爱的→devotion n．奉献；挚爱；忠诚 6．reflect vt.& vi.反映，显示，映出(影像)；反射(声、光、热等)；沉思→reflection n．倒影；反映 7．poet n．诗人→poem n．诗；韵文→poetry n．诗集，诗歌(总称) 8．significant adj.有重要意义的，显著的→significance n．意义；含义→significantly adv.显著的；意味深长地 利用语境串记单词 9．Uncle Wang is a kind and generous old man and he generously contributed a lot of money to the primary school last week.His generosity is worth admiring.(generous) 10．From the determined expression on his face，we knew that he was determined to take up the job，which needed great patience and determination．(determine) 11．I was in confusion after you told me such a confusing story.Tom said he also felt confused．(confuse) 12．This girl described what she had seen and heard，giving a vivid description of the event as if she had attended it herself.(describe) (二)短语过关测＋练 1．devote oneself to　　致力，专心，献身 2．in store (for sb) 即将发生(在某人身上)，等待着(某人) 3．in summary 总的来说 4．ought to 应该，应当 5．in particular 尤其，特别 6．clear up (头脑)清醒；使整洁，清理 7．be on the point of doing sth 正要做某事 8．.appeal to　　 对……有吸引力；向……呼吁 9．be capable of 有能力；能够 10．lie in 在于 11．pull on 拉动 12．hold on 坚持；抓住 13．take on 呈现；承担 14．get over 克服 15．come across (偶然)遇见 根据语境选词填空 16．I don't mind you using the kitchen as long as you clear up afterwards. 17．Developed countries，in particular，should bear the responsibility for environmental problems. 18．I am writing to ask some advice from you on what kind of Chinese traditional culture appeals to the foreigners like you most. 19．Don't refer to a dictionary every time you come across an unknown word. 20．Keep in mind that we are capable of overcoming our weaknesses，as long as we determine to. (三)句式迁移练 1．句式：全部倒装 正站在教室外的是一个男孩，他低着头，静静地哭着。[读后续写之动作描写] Standing outside the classroom is a boy，lowering his head and crying silently. 2．句式：be doing...when... 当琼斯女士正在给孩子们分发糖果时，一个男孩突然哭了起来。[读后续写之情绪描写] Ms Jones was distributing the sweets among the children when a boy burst out crying. 3．句式：with复合结构 看到孩子们为她做的早餐，这位母亲既高兴又感动，泪水涌出了眼眶。 At the sight of the breakfast her children made for her，the mother felt happy and moved with tears welling up in her eyes． Part 1　核心词句——学表达 devote vt.把……献(给)；把……专用于；专心于→devoted adj.深爱的；忠诚的→devotion n．奉献；忠诚；挚爱 【语境运用】完成句子 ①他把所有的空闲时间都用于阅读和写作，希望有朝一日能成为一名成功的作家。 He devoted all his spare time to reading and writing, hoping to become a successful author one day. ②因为对中国文化感兴趣，所以长期以来我一直致力于书法，向大师学习并且每天练习。 Interested in Chinese culture, I have long been devoted to Calligraphy, learning from masters and keeping practicing every day. ③她致力于帮助贫困儿童的事业，不懈地努力为他们提供教育和日常用品。 She devoted herself to the cause of helping underprivileged children, working tirelessly to provide them with education and daily necessities. 【用法归纳】 ◎devote...to (doing)... 把……奉献给……；把……专注于…… ◎devote oneself to (doing) sth致力于/献身于/专心于(做)某事 ◎be devoted to (doing) sth 专心于/致力于(做)某事 【写作语料】 ◎devote one's life to serving others 奉献一生服务他人 ◎a teacher devoted to her students 一位为学生尽心尽力的老师 ◎show devotion to one's family 表现出对家人的挚爱 appeal vi.有吸引力；呼吁；恳求；上诉 n．吸引力；呼吁；上诉；请求→appealing adj.有吸引力的；恳求的 【语境运用】完成句子/一句多译 ①这部电影的情节对各个年龄段的观众都有吸引力，因为它探讨了普遍的主题。 The film's plot appeals to audiences of all ages because it explores universal themes. ②(2022·全国甲卷)海洋对我们人类来说非常重要，所以我呼吁每个人来保护它们。 [应用文写作之倡议书] →Oceans are quite significant to us humans，so I appeal to everyone to protect them．(appeal vi.) →Oceans are of quite significance to us humans，so I make an appeal to everyone to protect them．(appeal n．) 【用法归纳】 ◎appeal to sb 吸引某人，使某人感兴趣 ◎appeal to sb for sth 为某事呼吁/恳求某人 ◎appeal to sb to do sth 呼吁/恳求某人做某事 ◎make an appeal to sb for sth/to do sth为某事呼吁/恳求某人；恳求/呼吁某人做某事 【写作语料】 ◎appeal to the crowd to donate money to children 呼吁人们为孩子们捐款 determine vt.确定；支配；决心 vi.决心→determined adj.坚决的，下定决心的→determination n．坚定；决心 【语境运用】完成句子 ①(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)完成我的绘画后，我有一种深深的满足感，决心在我未来的作品中探索不同的风格。 After completing my painting, I felt a deep sense of satisfaction and was determined to explore different styles in my future works． 【用法归纳】 ◎determine to do sth决心做某事(表动作) ◎determine on/upon (doing) sth决定(做)某事 ◎be determined to do sth决心做某事(表状态) ②(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)受到我的话的激励，大卫决心成为一个意志坚强的人。他非常坚定地跑到了起跑线上。看着他那坚定的表情，我被他内心的勇气感动了。 Inspired by my words，David was determined to be a strong­willed person．With great determination，he ran to the starting line.Looking at his determined face，I was touched by his inner courage. 【写作语料】 ◎be determined to put all my heart into baseball 决心全身心投入棒球 ◎face difficulties with determination 坚定地面对困难 reflect vt.& vi.反映，显示；映出(影像)；反射(声、光、热等)；沉思→reflection n．反射；反映；映像；思考 【语境运用】单句填空/完成句子 ①In summary，don't be afraid of mistakes，you have to learn by reflecting on/upon them. ②中国文化传统体现在各种各样的中秋节庆祝活动中。[应用文写作之传统文化] Chinese cultural traditions are reflected in various Mid­Autumn Festival celebrations． ③我无意中听到父母为家庭开支而争吵，再三思考之后，我拿出钱给了我爸爸。 I overheard my parents quarreling about family expenses，and on/upon reflection，I took out the money and presented it to my dad. 【用法归纳】 ◎reflect...in...在……中映出……的影像 ◎be reflected in 倒映在；反映在 ◎reflect on/upon sth 反省/认真思考某事 ◎on/upon reflection 再三考虑 【写作语料】 ◎reflect on one's behavior反思自己的行为 ◎reflect the current situation反映现状 ◎be lost in deep reflection陷入沉思 particular adj.特别的，格外的；特指的；挑剔的→particularly adv.特别，尤其 【语境运用】　完成句子/一句多译 ①(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)然而，我所想的就是尽快和一个特别的人分享我的奖杯。 However, all I had in mind was to share my trophy as soon as possible with one person in particular． ②只有讲究饮食，我们才能保持身体健康。 →We can keep physically healthy only when we are particular about/over food． →Only when we are particular about/over food can we keep physically healthy.(倒装句) 【用法归纳】 ◎be particular about/over 对……很讲究/挑剔 ◎in particular＝particularly 特别；尤其 【写作语料】 ◎be directed at particular people针对特定的人 ◎particularly pay attention to your table manners尤其要注意你的餐桌礼仪 attempt n．& vt.企图；试图；尝试→attempted adj.企图的；未遂的 【语境运用】　完成句子 ①(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)为了提高我们的绘画技巧，上周我们在公园里举办了一门艺术课。 In an attempt to improve our painting skills, we had an art class in the park last week. ②(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)大卫在中途摔倒了，他试图挣扎着站起来。第一次尝试时他失败了。然而，经过几次尝试，他成功了！ David fell over halfway, he attempted/made an attempt to struggle to his feet．He failed at the first attempt．However, after several attempts, he made it！ 【用法归纳】 ◎attempt to do...尝试(试图)做…… ◎make an attempt to do/at doing...尝试做…… ◎in an attempt to do为了…… ◎at the first attempt第一次尝试 【写作语料】 ◎in an attempt to escape企图逃跑 ◎make an attempt to contact a friend试图联系一位朋友 ◎attempt to enhance our oral English尝试提高我们的英语口语 confused adj.糊涂的，迷惑的；不清楚的；混乱的→confuse vt.使糊涂；使迷惑；使更难于理解；混淆；弄错→confusing adj.令人困惑的；难懂的→confusion n．不确定，困惑；混淆 【语境运用】词义辨析/完成句子 ①To further confuse the issue in the experiment，there is an enormous variation in the amount of sleep people feel happy with.词义：使更难于理解 ②(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)他困惑地盯着我，显然不知道该怎么做。 He stared at me in confusion, clearly unsure of how to proceed. ③他对目前的情况感到困惑，所以不知道下一步该怎么办。 Confused about the present situation，he was at a loss what to do next.(形容词短语作状语) 【用法归纳】 ◎confuse...with...把……和……混淆 ◎be/get confused about对……感到困惑 ◎in confusion迷惑地；困惑地 【写作语料】 ◎his face wearing a confused expression 他脸上流露出困惑的表情 ◎look at him in confusion困惑地看着他 ◎a confusing experience for first­time visitors对首次访问者来说是一次令人困惑的经历 come across (偶然)遇见；碰见；被理解；被弄懂 【语境运用】　语段填空 昨天我在街上碰见一位老朋友。他说他的新书下个月出版。我们还谈到了那天发生的事故。我们想出了一个主意帮助那名司机，他来自一个贫穷的家庭。 I ①came across an old friend in the street yesterday.He said his new book ②would come out next month.We also talked about the accident that ③came about that day.We ④came up with an idea to help the driver，who came from a poor family. 【用法归纳】 ◎come about 发生(无被动形式) ◎come out出版；结果是；(花)开放 ◎come up长出地面；(太阳)升起；发生；被提及；被讨论(无被动形式) ◎come up with 找到(答案)，拿出 【写作语料】 ◎come across some problems 遇到一些问题 ◎come across unfamiliar words遇到不熟悉的单词 句式：be doing...when...正在做……这时突然…… 【教材原句】　A child and a man were walking on the beach when the child found a shell and held it to his ear.一个孩子和一名男子正在海滩上散步，这时孩子发现了一枚贝壳，把它放到了他的耳边。 when为并列连词的类似句型： ◎be doing...when...正在做……这时(突然)…… ◎be about to do/be on the point of doing...when...正要做……这时(突然)…… ◎Hardly had sb done...when...刚做了……这时(突然)…… 【续写片段】　 手里拿着罐子，我正匆忙上楼梯，突然我光着的一只脚卡在了一节台阶上。失去了平衡，我努力使自己稳定下来，但是没用。罐子从我指尖滑落，摔在了坚硬的泥土地上。我刚要去捡起地上的玻璃碎片，就听到妈妈的声音传来：“发生了什么事？” With the jar in my hand，I was walking upstairs in a hurry when one of my bare feet got stuck on the step.Losing balance，I tried to steady myself，but in vain.The jar slipping through my fingers，it smashed on the hard­as­rock mud floor.I was about to pick up/was on the point of picking up the pieces of glass when I heard my mom's voice，“What's happening？” 【仿写借鉴】 ①我正在看电视，这时灯突然灭了。 I was watching television when suddenly the lights went out. ②我正要放弃，这时我最好的朋友鼓励我继续下去。 I was about to give up/on the point of giving up when my best friend encouraged me to go on. ③我刚刚从着火的房子里逃出来，这时房子塌了。 →I had just escaped from the burning house when it fell to the ground. →Hardly had I escaped from the burning house when it fell to the ground.(部分倒装) Part 2　阅读词汇——善辨义 1．contain ①Hearing the disappointing news，he was too sad to contain himself. C ②It contains a lot of pictures taken during my childhood.It keeps a record of my birth at the hospital，my first smile and my first walk. A ③The new stadium being constructed now can contain 2，000 people. B 2．mean A.adj.自私的；吝啬的　 B．adj.卑鄙的　 C．vt.表示……的意思；打算　D．vt.意味着 ①(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)I bit back my frustration(懊恼).I knew the coach meant well—he thought he was doing the right thing. C ②(2020·天津7月卷)Even though it is not your style，that doesn't mean it is bad. D ③Though she is wealthy，she's always been mean with money. A ④It's generally believed that it is mean to speak ill of others. B 3．猜测句中加黑部分的词性和汉语意思 ①The government issued a warning that the strikers should end their action or face dismissal. vt.宣布，公布 ②The criteria are so strict that it is difficult to get new ideas accepted unless they are truly novel .adj.新颖的，珍奇的 ③The local theatre group is staging a production of Hamlet. vt.上演，举办 巧借前缀uni­推测词义 uni­前缀，源自拉丁语，意为“一”或“单一” 本单元：uni (单一)＋vers(转)＋al(形容词后缀)→universal adj.普遍的，共同的；普遍存在的 1．The company adopted a uniform policy to ensure all employees dressed professionally. [词义]uni(单一)＋form(形式)→uniform adj.统一的 2．The unicycle requires great balance and skill to ride effectively. [词义]uni(单一)＋cycle(自行车)→unicycle n．单轮车 3．The unidirectional flow of traffic ensures safety and reduces congestion on busy roads. [词义]uni(单一)＋directional(方向的)→unidirectional adj.单向的 4．The uniformity of the design ensures consistency across all products in the series. [词义]uni(单一)＋form(形状)＋ity(名词后缀)→uniformity n．一致性 5．The unicorn is a mythical creature often depicted as a horse with a single horn. [词义]uni(单一)＋corn(角)→unicorn n．独角兽 6．The unilateral decision made by the manager caused dissatisfaction among the team members. [词义]uni(单一)＋later(边)＋al(形容词后缀)→unilateral adj.单方面的 单句语法填空 1．We had just got into the helicopter when the bear tore down the fence. 2．Fish is a cold­blooded animal and therefore is very sensitive to water temperature. 3．I'm trying to persuade him to give up the attempt to earn (earn) his living by writing. 4．Capable of speaking fluent English，I have no difficulty introducing our traditions to these foreign visitors. 5．The young man，tired of poor life，was determined to go (go) to the big city to try his fortune. 6．I don't like to make friends with those who are particular about foods and clothes. 7．The scientist devotes himself to his research work—observing the behavior of gorilla. 8．Before going abroad，learning about that country's tradition is of great significance. 9．We have reached a stage where we have to settle the conflict with violence. 10．With so many problems to settle (settle)，I can't go out to see a film with you. (一)应用文写作[文学名著] 假定你是李华，你的新西兰朋友Terry对中国四大名著非常感兴趣，发邮件请你推荐一部进行阅读。请你用英文回复一封邮件，内容包括： 1．乐于推荐；2.推荐的作品及理由。 用本单元知识和右栏词块翻译句子 1．我很高兴收到你的电子邮件，并得知你对中国文学的四大名著有浓厚的兴趣。 I'm so glad to receive your email and learn that you have a strong interest in Four Great Classical Novels of Chinese literature. 2．我写信推荐《红楼梦》，这是一部吸引国内外读者的小说。(同位语＋定语从句) I'm writing to recommend Dream of the Red Chamber，a novel that appeals to readers both at home and abroad. 3．这部小说出自清朝著名小说家曹雪芹之手，在中国文学中具有重要意义。(过去分词短语作状语) Written by the famous novelist Cao Xueqin in the Qing Dynasty，the novel is of great significance in Chinese literature. 4．它的语言简单而有意义，特别包含了许多优美的中国古典诗歌，我相信这对你的汉语学习有益。(非限制性定语从句) It is simple and meaningful in language and contains many graceful classical Chinese poems in particular，which I believe will be beneficial to your Chinese learning. 5．阅读这部反映中国古代生活的小说一定会有助于加深你对中国文化的理解。(动名词短语作主语，非限制性定语从句) Reading the novel，which reflects the life in ancient China，will definitely help to deepen your understanding of Chinese culture. 6．总之，我真诚地希望你喜欢读这本小说，并能与我分享你的感受和观点。 In summary，I sincerely hope that you enjoy reading this novel and can share your feelings and opinions with me. [构建话题语义场] 1．文学作品 ①Four Great Classical Novels of Chinese literature中国文学的四大名著 ②Dream of the Red Chamber 《红楼梦》 ③graceful classical Chinese poems优美的中国古典诗歌 ④appreciate the writing style 欣赏写作风格 ⑤explore character development 探索人物发展 ⑥discuss the plot 讨论情节 ⑦be captivated by the story 被故事吸引 2．文学分析 ⑧participate in a literature discussion 参加文学讨论 ⑨be inspired by great authors 受到伟大作家的启发 ⑩appreciate different perspectives 欣赏不同的视角 ⑪deepen your understanding of Chinese culture加深你对中国文化的理解 3．文学活动 ⑫share our favorite quotes 分享我们喜欢的名言 ⑬join a book club 加入读书俱乐部 ⑭attend a literary festival 参加文学节 ⑮win the first prize in writing competition 获得写作比赛一等奖 ⑯deliver a book review 进行书评 ⑰volunteer for a literary charity 志愿为文学慈善活动服务 ⑱apply to publish our work 申请发表我们的作品 ⑲enrich our understanding of literature 丰富我们对文学的理解 ⑳capture the essence of the story 捕捉故事的本质 (二)读后续写[文学作品＋情感细节描写之惊讶] Ⅰ.教材语料积累 词 汇 [情感描写]　sensitive adj.感觉敏锐的；体贴的；敏感的；灵敏的　mean adj.吝啬的，小气的；不善良的，刻薄的　generosity n．慷慨，大方，宽宏大量　confused adj.糊涂的，迷惑的；不清楚的，混乱的 [动作描写]　devote oneself to致力，专心，献身　determine vt.确定；支配；决心 vi.决心　awaken vt.& vi.唤起，被唤起；(使)醒来　draw on凭借，利用　destroy vt.摧毁，毁灭，破坏　attempt vt.& n．努力，尝试，试图　accomplish vt.完成 佳句 1．A child and a man were walking on the beach when the child found a shell and held it to his ear.(环境描写) 2．Behind every book is a man，behind the man is the race，and behind the race are the natural and social environments.(排比句式) 3．A hundred men may pass a field and see only dead grass；but a poet stops，looks deeper，sees truth and beauty，and writes，“Yesterday's flowers am I．”(动作描写) 4．The fish was coming in on his circle now calm and beautiful looking and only his great tail moving.(外貌描写) 5．But when he put all of his effort on，starting it well out before the fish came alongside and pulling with all his strength，the fish pulled part way over and then righted himself and swam away.(动作＋环境描写) 6．The fish righted himself and swam off again slowly with the great tail weaving in the air.(动作描写) Ⅱ.拓展语料背诵 单词 1.shock n．震惊，打击；令人震惊的事 v．使震惊→shocked adj.惊愕的，感到震惊的→shocking adj.令人震惊的 2．astonish v．使吃惊，使惊讶→astonished adj.感到惊讶的；十分惊奇的→astonishing adj.令人惊讶的→astonishment n．惊讶 3．surprise n．意想不到(或突然)的事，令人惊奇的事；惊奇 v．使惊奇→surprised adj.惊讶的→surprising adj.令人吃惊的→surprisingly adv.惊人地，出人意料地 4．amaze v．使惊奇；使惊愕→amazed adj.惊愕的，惊异的→amazing adj.惊人的，了不起的；令人诧异的→amazement n．惊奇 5．stunned adj.(因惊讶、震惊而) 目瞪口呆的 6．astounding adj.令人震惊的 7．speechless adj.(因惊愕)一时语塞的 8．dumbfounded adj.惊呆了的 词块 1．to one's shock/astonishment/surprise/amazement 令某人震惊/吃惊/惊异的是 2．in astonishment/surprise/shock/amazement 吃惊地/震惊地/惊异地 3． It amazes/astonishes me that... 令我惊讶的是…… 4． What amazes/astonishes me most is... 最让我吃惊的是…… 5．gasp in astonishment 惊讶得倒吸一口气 6．be dominated by an overwhelming sense of excitement 被一种强烈的兴奋感所支配 7．beyond one's expectations 出乎意料 8．raise the eyebrows/frown in surprise 惊讶地挑眉/皱眉 9．widen the eyes/eyes grow wide in great surprise/astonishment 非常吃惊地睁大了双眼 10．freeze/stand still/stop dead/be numb with shock 惊呆了 11．speechless with shock 惊讶得说不出话来 12． jaw almost dropped/ fell in astonishment 惊掉了下巴 13．a spark of surprise flashed/passed across one's eyes眼中闪过一丝震惊 14．be seized by shock震惊 15． throw sb into astonishment使某人震惊 句型 1．A look of surprise spread over/across her face.她的脸上满是惊愕。(无灵主语) 2．Seeing the astonishing scene，he was thrown into astonishment. 看到这惊人的场面，他大吃一惊。(分词短语作状语) 3．My jaw dropped in astonishment when I saw the size of the audience. 当我看到这么多观众时，我惊掉了下巴。 4．Hearing the unexpected news，Mary was numb with shock，as if rooted to the ground. 听到这个意外的消息，玛丽惊呆了，动弹不得。(状语从句的省略) 5．The moment I opened the box，my eyes grew wide in great surprise/astonishment. 我一打开盒子，就惊奇地睁大了眼睛。 6．Frozen/Speechless with shock，we approached and found the driver of the car was a young boy. 我们靠近时发现车子的司机是一个小男孩，所有人都惊呆了/惊得说不出话来。(形容词短语作状语) 7．With our jaws dropping to the ground，all the on­lookers glued their eyes to us，and then burst into thunderous applause. 我们都惊呆了，所有的旁观者都目不转睛地盯着我们，然后爆发出雷鸣般的掌声。(with复合结构) Ⅲ.语料综合运用 　　我还记得那是一个星期一的早晨，老师把我叫到他的办公室，告诉我，我在写作比赛中得了第一名。听到他的话，我被一种强烈的兴奋和自豪感淹没，只是目瞪口呆地站在那里，我的脚就像扎根在地上一样，一动也不能动。第二天，我在典礼上被授予了奖项。 颁奖典礼后，我去了老师的办公室。他的脸上洋溢着灿烂的笑容，他告诉我，他为我的精彩表现感到骄傲。我惊得说不出话来，向老师鞠躬表示感谢。从那时起，我写了许多优秀作品，而现在我是一个著名的作家。我把我的成功归功于我的老师，他是我写作道路上的灯塔。 　　I still remember it was a Monday morning，when my teacher called me to his office，①telling me that I had taken first place in the writing contest (现在分词短语作状语).②Dominated by an overwhelming sense of excitement and pride (过去分词短语作状语) at his words，I simply stood there dumbfounded，and my feet，③as if rooted to the ground (状语从句的省略)，couldn't move a bit.The next day，I was presented with my award at the ceremony.I went to my teacher's office after the award presentation.④With a broad smile spreading over/across his face (with复合结构)，he told me that he was proud of my wonderful performance.⑤Speechless with shock (形容词短语作状语)，I bowed to my teacher to show my thanks to him.Since then，I have written many good works and now I am a famous writer.I ⑥owe my success to my teacher who is a beacon in my life on the road to writing. A卷 (时间：25分钟　满分：32.5分) Ⅰ.阅读理解(共8小题，每小题2.5分，共20分) A You have probably heard of the Fermi Paradox (费米悖论).Given the high probability that alien (外星人) life exists out there in the universe, why has nobody got in touch yet? Answers to the paradox range from the optimistic to the downright frightening.It could be that we simply haven't sent out our own traceable signatures for aliens to find us yet.Or it could be that no aliens will ever make it to the point where they are able to make contact with other species. In The Three­Body Problem, Liu Cixin's science fiction, he describes the universe as a dark forest, where each alien society is like a fearful, armed hunter cautiously moving forth.If that hunter finds other life, he is left with the safest course of action: to wipe out any other life forms before they can do the same to him. Being fearful contributes to humans' development.Our caution may save our lives when facing a genuine threat.“Take the initiative in the competition, and you may sleep more securely while getting extra resources，” says Seth Shostak, a senior astronomer. Thankfully, the Dark Forest has lots of issues that are difficult to resolve—the most obvious being that it's extremely difficult to hide a technologically advanced world.“We've never given the slightest thought to turning off all the radars (雷达) and going completely silent because it might be dangerous，” says Shostak. The forest theory also falls apart when you consider the true nature of the universe.“The distances between planets are likely to be so vast that the idea that they would feel the need to attack one another seems odd.Even if they fear each other, the expanse means that they wouldn't likely need to compete for the near­limitless resources，” says Shostak. That doesn't necessarily mean that the Dark Forest theory is a nonstarter.Addressing the holes in the theory requires adding to the terror factor.Suppose that a technological civilization is going from star to star destroying any sign of life whenever planets with life or technology are found.We don't see them because they're not there.That's the really scary thing. [语篇解读]本文是说明文。文章以费米悖论引出对科幻小说《三体》中描述的黑暗森林理论的探讨，说明了该理论存在的问题以及可行性。 1．What do we know about the Fermi Paradox? A．It denies aliens' existence. B．It is studied thoroughly. C．Its answers vary considerably. D．Its answers are similar. C　[细节理解题。第一段引入费米悖论，即考虑到宇宙中存在外星生命的可能性很高，为什么我们还没有与他们取得联系呢？根据第二段首句“Answers to the paradox range from the optimistic to the downright frightening”可知，对这个悖论的回答，从乐观的到令人极度害怕的都有，即回答大不相同，故选C。C项中的“vary considerably”与文中的“range from...to...”是同义转换。] 2．What can be inferred from Shostak's words in Paragraph 4? A．Fear is deadly. B．Attacks are risky. C．Fear dominates humans' development. D．Attacks have survival value. D　[推理判断题。根据第四段Shostak的话“Take the initiative in the competition, and you may sleep more securely while getting extra resources”可知，Shostak认为，在竞争中掌握主动性，你可能在获得额外资源的同时，睡得更加安稳。由此可推知，Shostak认为主动攻击具有生存价值。故选D。D项中的“Attacks”与文中的“Take the initiative”是同义转换，“survival value”是对文中“sleep more securely while getting extra resources”的总结。] 3．Which factor challenges the Dark Forest theory according to Shostak? A．Aliens may not understand human culture. B．The vastness of space makes conflicts less likely. C．Advanced civilizations tend to compete for survival. D．Competition for resources could become more serious. B　[细节理解题。根据第六段Shostak的话可知，行星之间的距离可能会非常大，以至于他们需要相互攻击的想法似乎很奇怪。即使他们彼此害怕，广阔的空间也意味着他们不太可能需要为了几乎无限的资源而竞争，故选B。B项中的“The vastness of space”与文中的“The distances between planets are likely to be so vast”是同义转换，“less likely”与文中的“seems odd”以及“wouldn't likely need”是同义转换。] 4．Why does the author make the assumption in the last paragraph? A．To prove aliens are scary. B．To find holes in the theory. C．To add to horrible atmosphere. D．To warn us of the potential threat. D　[推理判断题。最后一段前两句说这并不一定意味着黑暗森林理论是不可能成功的，要弥补这个理论的漏洞，就需要增强恐怖因素。然后作者提出一个假设，即一个技术先进的文明正在从一个恒星到另一个恒星摧毁任何生命迹象，我们看不见他们，因为他们不在那里，这才是真正可怕的事情。由此可知，作者提出这个假设是为了佐证黑暗森林理论可能存在，即警告人们可能存在潜在的威胁，故选D。] B (2025·广东六校二联)The book has a unique status as a symbol of human culture and civilization.It is a vehicle for sharing stories, spreading knowledge, examining the nature of our extraordinary species and imagining what lies beyond our familiar world.As Carlyle suggests, books ultimately provide an invaluable and comprehensive record of what it means to be human. This volume (书册) takes a list of fifty of the most influential books of all time, putting each into its historical context.From ancient game­changers like the Epic of Gilgamesh and The Iliad, through sacred texts and works of philosophical reflection by the likes of Confucius and Plato, via scientific essays, historic “firsts” and cultural works of enduring impact, these are volumes that are at once both products of their societies and vital texts in influencing those same civilizations. What this selection isn't is a celebration of the literary canon(精品)，a reaffirmation of the “best” books from the past.You will find no Austen or Dickens here, nor Dostoyevsky or García Márquez.There is Shakespeare and Cervantes and Tolstoy, but not because they are somehow “better” than those others.Rather, this collection aims to select books that reflect the passage of human history.Most not only reflect, though, but themselves changed how we think and live.By definition, they are “important” works and, in broad critical terms, “great” works too.But this book is not concerned with which works are the greatest of all—there are plenty of other volumes that try to figure that out, and good luck to them. Unavoidably, making a selection such as this is highly subjective.In selecting fifty titles, we can only hope to dip our toe into the vast pool of literature from ages gone by.In doing so, it is foolish to make any claim for definiteness (确定性).Instead，we are playing a literary game.Which of the fifty choices are undeniable? Which are taking a place better deserved by some other works? Everyone will have their own ideas.In the end, it matters little that we all agree.More important is that by turning our minds to the question in the first place, we might meet some unfamiliar works, revisit some old favorites and gain some insight and pleasure in the process. [语篇解读]本文是说明文。本文主要介绍了一本书集，该书集列出了50本有史以来最具影响力的书，这些书反映人类历史进程，改变我们的思考方式和生活方式。 5．What is the first paragraph mainly about? A．Criteria for selecting important books. B．The types of books included in the list. C．The role of influential books in history. D．Books as a record of human civilization. D　[段落大意题。第一段讲书籍作为人类文化和文明的象征，具有独特的地位。它是一种分享故事、传播知识、研究人类本质、想象我们熟悉的世界之外的东西的媒介，书籍最终提供了一份关于何以为人的宝贵而全面的记录。由此可知，第一段主要介绍了书记录人类文明。] 6．What accounts for the 50 books being selected for the volume? A．Their high literary quality and awards. B．Their popularity and widespread influence. C．Their reflection of human history and impact. D．Their inclusion in traditional literary collections. C　[细节理解题。根据第三段的“this collection aims to select books that reflect the passage of human history.Most not only reflect, though, but themselves changed how we think and live”可知，该书集旨在挑选那些反映人类历史进程且改变了我们的思考方式和生活方式的书籍。故选C。] 7．What can be inferred from Paragraph 4? A.The appreciation of literature is a game for us. B．Literature is too complicated for us to explore. C．The selecting process is subjective and flexible. D．Literary works selection is based on definite claims. C　[推理判断题。根据第四段第一句话可知，不可避免地，做出这样的选择是非常主观的。再根据“it is foolish to make any claim for definiteness(确定性)...Which are taking a place better deserved by some other works？”可知，作者认为作出任何确定性的断言都是愚蠢的，可以对选出的50本书再次进行讨论，即选择的过程也是灵活的。故选C。] 8．What is the ultimate goal of presenting the list of 50 books? A．To seek agreement on literature. B．To encourage literary exploration. C．To determine the most influential books. D．To observe a specific literary tradition. B　[推理判断题。根据最后一段的“More important is that...gain some insight and pleasure in the process”可知，更重要的是，通过首先将我们的思想转向这个问题，我们可能会遇到一些不熟悉的作品，重温一些旧的最爱的作品，并在这个过程中获得一些洞察力和乐趣。由此可推知，列出这50本书的最终目的是鼓励文学探索，故选B。] Ⅱ.阅读七选五(共5小题，每小题2.5分，共12.5分) (2025·安徽合肥适应性联考)Stanford researchers have found that students from middle school to college are struggling to assess the credibility of the online articles.Here are a few practices recommended by the researchers. 1( )．Established news organizations usually have standard addresses that you are probably familiar with.So addresses with such strange endings like www.xxcom.com should put you on your guard.2( ).This is necessary even when the pages on the websites look familiar and professional. Look at the quotes in a story.Or rather, look at the lack of quotes.Most reliable publications quote multiple sources who are professionals in the fields they talk about.3( )． Search for the images in the story.Pictures should be accurate in illustrating what the story is about.However, this often doesn't happen.If people who write the news story don't even leave their homes or interview anyone for the story, it's unlikely that they take their own pictures.4( )．You can do this by right­clicking on the images and choosing to search for them.If the pictures appear in a lot of stories about many different topics, there's a good chance that the story is unreliable. Stop the spreading of misinformation.If you see your friends sharing obviously unreliable information, kindly tell them it's not real.5( )．Everyone should help fix the misinformation problem. A．Check your articles B.Pay attention to the spelling of the website address C．Then you need to dig around more to see if they can be trusted D．If you do these steps, you're helping yourself and the publisher E．Do a little detective work and search for the photos in a search engine F．If it's a serious issue, they are usually supported by more reliable sources G．Don't shy away from these warnings even if they might be uncomfortable [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了几个辨别网络文章可靠性的方法。 1．B　[根据空后“Established news organizations usually have standard addresses that you are probably familiar with.So addresses with...”及其他细节可知，这一段主要是建议读者留意网址拼写是否合规，故B项“注意网站地址的拼写”适合作主题句。故选B。] 2．C　[上文提到了奇怪结尾的网址，后文提到了某种做法是必要的，可知本句是在说明具体做法。故C项“你还得深入研究一下这些网站是否值得信赖”符合语境。故选C。] 3．F　[本段主要建议通过引用来判断，F选项中sources对应上文sources。故F项“如果文章讨论的问题很重要，文章会引用更多、更可靠的信息来源”符合语境。故选F。] 4．E　[本段主要建议搜索图片，且后文提到了搜索方法，E选项中search for the photos对应search for them。故E项“做一点侦查工作，在搜索引擎上搜索这些照片”符合语境。故选E。] 5．G　[上文谈到发现朋友传播明显不可靠的信息时要及时阻止，空后“Everyone should help fix the misinformation problem.”则说我们每个人都有义务阻止不可靠信息的传播。故G项“尽管这种谈话会让人不痛快，我们也得提醒”正好起到了过渡作用。故选G。] B卷 (时间：30分钟　满分：40分) Ⅰ.阅读理解(共4小题，每小题2.5分，共10分) (2025·四川成都三诊考试)Almost 40% of all global employment may be affected by AI, according to analysis by the International Monetary Fund.But don't be alarmed.That doesn't mean 40% jobs will disappear altogether.Instead, we're talking about humans working alongside AI tools, not being replaced by them. Speaking at the 2023 World Economic Forum's Growth Summit, economist Richard Baldwin said, “AI won't take your job.It's somebody using AI that will take your job.” This means that if you don't know how to work with AI, you're in a much riskier position—certainly compared to someone who knows how to use it to improve their job efficiency. So, consider how you could start integrating AI into your everyday work.Can you use it to polish an email, for example? Can you use it as a productivity tool...If not, try your best to get to grips with it.There are tons of free (and paid) courses out there that can help you. However, just knowing how to work effectively with AI is far from enough.It's also important to position yourself in the organization in line with the things that AIs can't do.Basically, think about how you can take on more responsibilities in the areas where human skills are still needed and will always be needed—areas like creativity, complex decision making, interpersonal relationships and so on.These are the areas where humans will continue to have the edge over machines.Anyone who wants to gain future workplace success should develop the relevant skills. It's not surprising that change is uncomfortable.But today's workplaces are full of rapid and near­constant change.So, if change is something you struggle with, now is a good time to embrace and address that. [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讨论了AI对全球就业的影响，并指出虽然AI可能会影响到许多工作，但并不意味着这些工作会完全消失，相反，人们将和AI工具一起工作。文章建议人们要学习如何与AI有效合作，并思考如何在需要人类技能的领域承担更多责任，以保持在职场中的竞争力。 1．How may AI influence global employment in the future? A．It may cause severe job loss. B．It may threaten people's safety. C．It may change the way we work. D．It may lessen peer competition. C　[推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Almost 40% of all global employment may be affected by AI, according to analysis by the International Monetary Fund.But don't be alarmed.That doesn't mean 40% jobs will disappear altogether.Instead, we're talking about humans working alongside AI tools, not being replaced by them.”可推知，人工智能可能会改变我们的工作方式。故选C。] 2．What can we infer from Paragraph 4? A．AI helps us become more creative. B．AI can hardly replace us in some areas. C．AI is much less effective than we think. D．AI is able to make complicated decisions. B　[推理判断题。根据文章第四段“These are the areas where humans will continue to have the edge over machines.Anyone who wants to gain future workplace success should develop the relevant skills.”我们可以推断出人工智能在某些领域很难取代我们。故选B。] 3．What is the writer's attitude towards the challenges caused by AI? A．Positive. B．Doubtful. C．Disappointed. D．Unconcerned. A　[推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“So, if change is something you struggle with, now is a good time to embrace and address that.”可推知，作者对人工智能带来的挑战持积极态度。故选A。] 4．What is the purpose of the text? A．To share experience of using AI in work. B．To advise us to stay relevant in the age of AI. C．To introduce different functions of generative AI. D.To explain why we should improve our productivity. B　[推理判断题。文章主要讨论了AI对全球就业的影响，并指出虽然AI可能会影响到许多工作，但并不意味着这些工作会完全消失，相反，人们将和AI工具一起工作。文章建议人们要学习如何与AI有效合作，并思考如何在需要人类技能的领域承担更多责任，以保持在职场中的竞争力。因此，文章的主要目的是建议我们在AI时代保持相关性。故选B。] Ⅱ.完形填空(共15小题，每小题1分，共15分) (2025·湖北省高三起点考试)When I moved to a new school, my grades began to slip, and a once outgoing personality faded into the background. One day, after I handed in yet another 1 done assignment, Mr.Thompson, the math teacher asked me to stay after class.In the afternoon the class was 2 ，leaving just the two of us in the classroom. “Alex, is everything alright？” Mr.Thompson asked, his voice filled with 3 ． When I 4 my troubles, Mr.Thompson listened with patience, nodding 5 ．He then shared a story about his own 6 when he was younger—moving frequently due to his father's military career. “That must have been 7 ，”I said，feeling a connection for the first time in weeks.Mr.Thompson 8 ，“It was.But I learned that seeking help and finding supportive people made a 9 ．How about we work on a plan to get you back on track？” With that, Mr.Thompson became a lifeline for me.He set up weekly meetings to 10 what I had learnt and discuss strategies to improve my academic performance.He also 11 me to join the school's debate team, knowing it would be a good way for me to meet new friends and 12 confidence. As months passed, I made rapid progress.The 13 with Mr.Thompson grew stronger.At that moment, the realization 14 me：even in the darkest times，the 15 of others could light the way. [语篇解读]本文是记叙文。作者来到新学校，成绩下滑，性格转变。Thompson先生不仅在学习上给予作者关心和帮助，还鼓励作者参加学校辩论队，最终作者成绩提高、重获信心，这让作者意识到即使在最黑暗的时刻，他人的善举也会照亮前方的路。 1．A.neatly B．poorly C．properly D．briefly B　[根据上文的“my grades began to slip”和下文的“Mr.Thompson, the math teacher asked me to stay after class”可知，作者成绩下滑，在一次交了一份写得很差(poorly)的作业后，Thompson先生要求作者课后留下来。neatly“整洁地”；properly“适当地”；briefly“简要地”。] 2．A.dismissed B．organized C．informed D．grouped A　[根据上文的“the math teacher asked me to stay after class”和下文的“leaving just the two of us in the classroom”可知，下午放学后，教室里仅剩下作者和Thompson先生两个人。故选A。dismiss“解散”；organize“组织，筹备”；inform“知会，通知”；group“(使)成群，成组，聚集”。] 3．A.surprise B．certainty C．concern D．relief C　[根据上文的“Alex，is everything alright？”和下文描述的Thompson先生对作者的善意帮助可知，Thompson先生应是表达对作者的关心。故选C。concern“忧虑，担心，关切”；surprise“惊奇”；certainty“确信，确实”；relief“宽慰”。] 4．A.suffered from B．asked for C．dealt with D．poured out D　[根据空后的“Mr.Thompson listened with patience”可知，当作者倾诉(poured out)烦恼时，Thompson 先生耐心地听着。故选D。suffer from“遭受”；ask for“要求”；deal with“处理”。] 5．A.gratefully B．thoughtfully C．casually D．hopefully B　[此处表示Thompson先生耐心地听作者倾诉，还若有所思地(thoughtfully)点点头。gratefully“感激地”；casually“不经意地”；hopefully“有希望地”。] 6．A.struggles B．failures C．choices D．dreams A　[根据空后的“when he was younger—moving frequently due to his father's military career”和第五段的“seeking help”可知，此处Thompson先生给作者讲他年幼时由于经常搬家遇到的困难(struggles)，故选A。failure“失败”；choice“选择”；dream“梦想”。] 7．A.rare B．strange C．tough D．unique C　[根据下文的“feeling a connection”可知，作者对Thompson先生幼年的遭遇感同身受，确信那是一段艰难的(tough)时光。故选C。rare“罕见的”；strange“奇怪的”；unique“独特的”。] 8．A.choked B．signed C．nodded D．stared C　[根据空后Thompson先生的回答“It was”可知，Thompson先生应是点头(nodded)表示认同。choke “哽咽着说”；sign“示意，打手势”；stare“凝视，注视”。] 9．A.difference B．promise C．decision D．point A　[根据空后的“How about we work on a plan to get you back on track？”可知，Thompson先生认为寻求帮助和找到支持自己的人会有作用。make a difference“有影响，起作用”，故选A。promise“许诺，承诺”；decision“抉择”；point“观点，见解”。] 10．A.quote B．review C．prove D．exchange B　[上文提到作者成绩下滑，根据空后的“what I had learnt and discuss strategies to improve my academic performance”可知，Thompson先生每周与作者见面，帮作者复习(review)学过的内容，讨论提高学习成绩的策略。quote“引用，引述”；prove“证明，证实”；exchange“交流”。] 11．A.ordered B．appointed C．encouraged D．elected C　[根据下文的“knowing it would be a good way for me to meet new friends and 12 confidence”可知，Thompson 先生还鼓励(encouraged)作者加入学校的辩论队。故选C。order“命令，要求”；appoint“指定”；elect“选举，推选”。] 12．A.affect B．convey C．maintain D．regain D　[第一段讲作者来到新学校，成绩下滑，曾经外向的个性也已不在，由此可推知，作者对自己失去信心。再根据空前的“join the school's debate team, knowing it would be a good way for me to meet new friends”可知，Thompson 先生知道，对作者来说，加入学校辩论队是结交新朋友和重获(regain)信心的一个好方法。affect“影响”；convey“表达，传递”；maintain“保持”。] 13．A.bond B．similarity C．competition D．cooperation A　[上文讲Thompson先生每周都帮助作者复习，并给予作者鼓励。故此处表示几个月过去了，作者取得巨大进步，与Thompson先生的关系(bond)也越来越亲密了。similarity “相似处”；competition“比赛，竞争”；cooperation“合作，协作”。] 14．A.escaped B．hit C．upset D．shocked B　[根据下文的“even in the darkest times, the 15 of others could light the way”可知，此处描述的是作者的认识。hit在此作动词，意为“使突然想起”，属于熟词生义的用法。realization hits sb “某人认识到”。escape“摆脱”；upset“使烦恼”；shock“使震惊”。] 15．A.confidence B．wisdom C．patience D．kindness D　[文章描述了Thompson先生在学习上给予作者关心和帮助，并鼓励作者参加学校辩论队，重获信心。这些都是Thompson先生的善举，照亮了作者前进的道路。故选D。kindness“善举”；confidence“信心”；wisdom“智慧”；patience“耐心”。] Ⅲ.语法填空(共10个空，每空1.5分，共15分) (2025·福州市高三年级第一次质量检测)The term “Xuan paper” first appeared in On Famous Paintings Through the Ages, a book written by the Tang Dynasty scholar Zhang Yanyuan, 1 he described Xuan paper as an ideal carrier for calligraphy and painting.Handmade Xuan paper from Jingxian county, East China's Anhui Province, 2 (list) as a gift to the imperial court then for its supreme quality. During the Qing Dynasty Xuan paper reached its peak of 3 (popular) and quality.The traditional craft (工艺) of making Xuan paper is extremely 4 (demand).The bark of sandalwood, a plant native to southern China, 5 (go) through 108 procedures over the course of three years before it can transform into fine Xuan paper. The flow of ink determines the output of Chinese art, and Xuan paper outshines others with its excellent ability 6 (give) full play to ink.Different proportions (比例) of bark to straw during the paper­making process can create different canvases (画布) best suited 7 artistic expression in freehand ink paintings or calligraphy.The unique quality of Xuan paper is 8 (high) valued in the world of Chinese calligraphy and painting. Xuan paper is very resistant to the damage brought by time.It is this durability 9 has made the preservation of many valuable works from ancient China possible.The long history, unique craftsmanship, and high quality of Xuan paper have made it a 10 (treasure) cultural heritage of China. [语篇解读]本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了宣纸因其独特的制作工艺和卓越的品质，发展成为书画的理想载体，并因其耐久性和悠久的历史等成为中国珍贵的文化遗产。 1．where　[考查定语从句。本句中“a book written by the Tang Dynasty scholar Zhang Yanyuan”是“On Famous Paintings Through the Ages”的同位语，空后的句子结构完整，空处考虑用并列连词或从属连词。根据语境可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是On Famous Paintings Through the Ages，故用where，相当于in which。句意：“宣纸”一词最早出现在唐代学者张彦远所著的《历代名画记》一书中，在书中他将宣纸描述为书画的理想载体。] 2．was listed　[考查动词的时态和语态。本句的主语是Handmade Xuan paper，句中缺少谓语，主语和动词list之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，be listed as“被列为，被列入……中”。根据句中的“a gift to the imperial court then”可知，此处描述的是发生在过去的事，应用过去时，故填was listed。句意：来自中国东部安徽省泾县的手工宣纸，当时因其卓越的品质被列为朝廷贡品。] 3．popularity　[考查名词。根据空前的of和空后的“and quality”可知，空处应用名词，和quality并列作宾语，故填popularity。句意：清朝时期，宣纸的流行程度和质量达到了顶峰。] 4．demanding　[考查形容词。分析句子结构可知，空处作表语，应用形容词，故填demanding“要求高的，需要技能的”。句意：制作宣纸的传统工艺要求极高。] 5．goes　[考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句中的“a plant native to southern China”是sandalwood的同位语，主语The bark“树皮”表单数意义，句中缺少谓语动词，此处描述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时，故填goes。句意：檀香树是一种原产于中国南方的植物，其树皮要在三年的时间里经过108道工序才能转化为优质的宣纸。] 6．to give　[考查非谓语动词。句中的determines是谓语动词，空处应用非谓语动词形式。根据语境可知，此处意为“……的能力”，应用不定式作后置定语。ability to do sth “做某事的能力”。句意：墨水的流动决定了中国艺术的表现力，而宣纸以其出色的发挥墨水的能力在各类纸张中脱颖而出。] 7．for/to　[考查介词。best suited for/to sth 是固定用法，意为“非常适合做某事，具备做某事的特质”，故填for/to。句意：在纸张制作过程中，不同比例的树皮和稻草可以创造出不同的最适合写意水墨画或书法艺术表达的画布。] 8．highly　[考查副词。分析句子结构可知，空处修饰动词valued，应用副词highly。句意：宣纸的独特品质在中国书画界受到高度重视。] 9．that　[考查强调句型。此处考查强调句型“it is/was＋被强调部分＋that...”，句中的“this durability”是被强调部分，故填that。句意：正是这种耐久性使许多珍贵的古代中国作品得以保存。] 10．treasured　[考查非谓语动词。句中的“cultural heritage of China”“中国文化遗产”与动词treasure“珍视”之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词作前置定语。句意：宣纸的悠久历史、独特的工艺和高品质使其成为中国珍贵的文化遗产。] 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $