选择性必修第二册 UNIT1 SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS（教师用书Word）-【正禾一本通】2026年新高考英语高三一轮总复习高效讲义（人教版）

该高中英语高考复习讲义围绕“科学”主题，系统整合词汇（核心、多义、阅读、拓展）、句式（so...that..., have+宾补等）、语篇及核心词句（blame, decrease等）考点，按“词汇多维分类—句式用法归纳—语篇串记应用—真题语境迁移”逻辑架构知识，通过考点梳理、方法指导（如熟词生义辨析）、真题训练（2024新高考Ⅰ卷等真题语境运用）等环节，帮助学生构建完整知识网络。 讲义突出语言能力与思维品质培养，创新设计“语篇串记词汇”活动整合核心词汇，“熟词生义与一词多义”辨析突破阅读难点，写作部分构建科学话题语义场并提供读后续写语料库。设置分层练习（核心词句专练、阅读猜词）与即时反馈，助力学生高效提升词汇运用、句式掌握及读写能力，为教师精准把控复习节奏提供系统教学支持。

任务(一)　词汇、句式、语篇背诵 词汇多维背诵(分类识记，各个击破) 核心单词 围绕话题：科学 1．trace the origins of scientific thinking 　　　 追溯科学思维的起源 2．link abstract concepts to concrete examples 将抽象概念与具体示例联系起来 3．Substantial evidence supports the new scientific theory. 大量证据支持新的科学理论。 4．Initial findings cast doubt on previous assumptions. 初步调查结果使人们对先前的假设产生怀疑。 5．severe criticism blamed on flawed experimental design 有缺陷的实验设计招致严厉的批评 6．Brilliant scientists transform our understanding of nature. 杰出的科学家改变我们对自然的理解。 多义单词 词组(一)　熟词生义与词性活用 1．cell [熟义]n.细胞→[生义]n.小房间；单间牢房：a prison cell 监狱牢房 2．concrete [熟义]n.混凝土 adj.混凝土制的→[生义]adj.确实的；具体的：a concrete plan 具体的计划 3．suspect [熟义]vt.& vi.怀疑；疑有；不信任→[生义]n.可疑对象；犯罪嫌疑人：the prime suspect in the murder case 谋杀案的主要嫌疑人 4．defend [熟义]vt.保卫；防守；辩解→[生义]vt.替……辩护：defend the accused in court 在法庭上为被告辩护 5．solid [熟义]adj.固体的；坚实的 n．固体→[生义]adj.可靠的 a solid argument 可靠的论据 6．pump n．泵；抽水机；打气筒→v.快速摇动；快速上下运动；追问；用泵输送[词性活用]：pump water from the well 从井里抽水 词组(二)　一词多义 1．subscribe vi.认购(股份)；定期订购(或订阅)；定期交纳(会费)；定期捐款 ①subscribe to the magazine 订阅杂志 ②subscribe to an animal protection society 定期捐款给一个动物保护协会 ③subscribe to a belief 赞同一种观点 2．shift n．改变；转换；轮班 vi.& vt.转移；挪动；转向；换挡 ①shift the focus to quality 将重点转移到质量上 ②work the night shift 上夜班 ③a shift in public opinion 舆论的转变 3．abstract adj.抽象的；理论上的 v．提取 n．(文献等的)摘要 ①an abstract concept 一个抽象的概念 ②abstract the main points 提取要点 ③read the abstract of the paper 阅读论文的摘要 4．handle vt.处理；搬动；操纵(车辆、动物、工具等) n．把手；拉手；柄 ①handle the situation carefully 小心处理局势 ②learn to handle the machine 学习操作机器 ③turn the handle to open the door 转动把手把门打开 阅读单词 1．cholera　　　 n．霍乱 2．diarrhoea n．腹泻 3．germ n．微生物；细菌；病菌 4．household n．一家人；家庭；同住一所(套)房子的人 5．epidemiology n．流行病学 6．protein n．蛋白质 7．virus n．病毒 8．vaccine n．疫苗 9．framework n．框架；结构 10．rainbow n．彩虹 11．mechanical adj.机械的；发动机的；机器的 12．mechanic n．机械师；机械修理工 13．aviation n．航空制造业；航空；飞行 14．jet n．喷气式飞机 15．missile 　　　 n．导弹 16．astronomer n．天文学家 17．astronomy n．天文学 18．aerospace n．航空航天工业[助记：前缀aero­，表示“空气”] 19．patriotic adj.爱国的[助记：词根patr，表示“父亲、祖国”] 20．raw adj.未煮的；生的；未经处理的；原始的[反义：ripe adj.成熟的] 21．statistic n．统计数字；统计资料；统计学[点拨：常用复数statistics] 22．dehydration n.脱水[助记：de­＋hydr(o)水＋­ation] 23．contradictory adj.相互矛盾的；对立的；不一致的[联想：contrary adj.相反的 n．相反的情况] 拓展单词 1． severe adj.　　　 极为恶劣的；十分严重的；严厉的 severely adv. 极为恶劣地；十分严重地；严厉地 severity n. 严重；严格；严厉 2． frustrate vt. 使懊恼；使沮丧 frustrated adj. 懊恼的；沮丧的；失意的 frustrating adj. 令人懊恼的 frustration n. 沮丧；懊恼；挫败 3． infect vt. 使感染；传染 infection n. 感染；传染 infectious adj. 传染的；有传染性的 4． prove vt. 证明 link v. 证明是 proof n. 证据；证明；检验 5． intervene vi. 干扰；介入 intervention n. 介入；出面；干涉 6． pure adj. 干净的；纯的；纯粹的 purely adv. 仅仅；完全 purify vt. 净化；使纯净 purity n. 纯净，纯洁 7． transform vt. 使改观；使改变形态 vi. 改变；转变 transformation n. 转化；转换；变换；改革 8． think v. 认为；思考 thinking n. 思想；思维；见解 thought n. 思想；想法 9． find v. 发现 finding n. 发现；调查结果；(法律)判决 10．initial adj. 最初的；开始的；第一的 initially adv. 最初地 11．mechanic n. 机械师；机械修理工 mechanical adj. 机械的；发动机的；机器的 12．defend vt. 保卫；防守；辩解 defense/defence n．防御；保卫；保护 13．assist vt. 帮助；协助；援助 assistance n. 帮助；协助 assistant n. 助理；助手 14．gift n. 天赋；天分 gifted adj. 有天赋的；有天才的；天资聪慧的 15．steady adj. 稳定的；平稳的；稳步的 steadily adv. 平稳地；持续地 16．astronomy n. 天文学 astronomer n. 天文学家 17．vivid adj. 生动的；鲜明的；丰富的 vividly adv. 生动地 重点短语 1．once and for all 最终地；彻底地 2．subscribe to 同意；赞同 3．above all 最重要的是；尤其是 4．in time 及时；迟早 5．under one's leadership 在某人的领导下 6．be likely to do sth 很可能做某事 7．break out (战争、打斗等不愉快的事情)突然开始；爆发 8．thanks to 幸亏；由于[近义：owing to；as a result of；due to] 9．in charge of...主管/掌管/照管……[对比：in the charge of在……的管理下] 10．come down with 患(病)；染上(小病) 11．be to blame 对(坏事)负有责任[点拨：用主动表示被动] 12．have an impact on 对……有影响[同义：have an effect/influence on] 单元佳句过关(遮挡背诵，自我检测) 1．He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days.(so...that...) 2．It seemed that the woman liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day.(It seems that...) 3．Accordingly，he had the handle of the pump removed so that it could not be used.(have＋宾语＋宾语补足语) 4．Most people are familiar with images of him in his wheelchair，unable to move and using a computer to talk.(形容词短语作状语) [遮住左栏尝试背诵] 1．他发现这两条街道上的霍乱爆发尤为严重以至于十天内死了500多人。 2．这位妇女似乎非常喜欢从这个泵中抽取的水，以至于每天都要把水运送到家中。 3．所以，他让人把水泵的手柄拆了，这样水泵就不能用了。 4．大多数人都很熟悉他坐在轮椅上无法动弹，只能通过电脑来说话的样子。 语篇串记词汇(背美文，记单词) 　　Since the severe epidemic broke out，many people all over the world have been infected.Outstanding，gifted and patriotic Chinese specialists in epidemiology and their assistants have been in charge of tracing the source of the virus in order to defend more people from being killed.They desired to produce vaccine to handle the deadly disease once and for all.By observing the virus with microscopes，they gathered solid and multiple statistics and mastered the structure of the virus，which gradually transformed their initial contradictory thinking.All the findings made them subscribe to the idea that the virus was not directly linked to their initial guess，which made the brilliant experts frustrated.This also cast a shadow on the experts，so they had to shift towards how to prevent the virus from spreading among people.Above all，the less we go out，the less likely we will come down with the deadly disease.Furthermore，taking in more protein and eating more vegetables are good choices as well.Last but not least，what we should do is that we must wear masks outdoors.Thanks to these interventions，the threat of this epidemic saw a substantial decrease.What we have experienced has taught us to live a healthy life, such as drinking pure or boiled water and avoiding raw foods.In conclusion，under our motherland's leadership，we have achieved steady success. [遮住左栏，忆加黑词汇] 自严重的流行病爆发以来，世界各地都有许多人被感染。中国杰出、有天赋的爱国流行病学专家及其助手一直负责追踪病毒的来源，以保护更多的人免于死去。他们希望生产出疫苗来一劳永逸地治疗这种致命的疾病。通过显微镜观察病毒，他们收集了各种可靠的统计数据，掌握了病毒的结构，这逐渐改变了他们最初与之相矛盾的见解。所有的发现都让他们赞同了病毒与他们最初的猜测没有直接联系这一观点，这让杰出的专家们感到沮丧。这也给专家们蒙上了阴影，所以他们不得不转到如何防止病毒在人群中传播这一方向。最重要的是，我们外出得越少，我们染上这种致命疾病的可能性就越小。此外，摄入更多的蛋白质和吃更多的蔬菜也是不错的选择。最后但同样重要的是，我们应该做的是，必须在户外戴口罩。多亏了这些干预措施，流行病的威胁大幅减少。我们的经历教会了我们要过健康的生活，比如喝纯净水或开水，不食生食。总之，在祖国的领导下，我们取得了稳步的成功。 任务(二)　背诵过关检测 Ⅰ.单词检测 (Ⅰ)英汉互译 1．cholera　　　 n．霍乱 2．dehydration n．脱水 3．germ n．微生物；细菌；病菌 4．household n．一家人；家庭；同住一所(套)房子的人 5．raw adj.未煮的；生的；未经处理的；原始的 6．statistic n．统计数字；统计资料；统计学 7．epidemiology n．流行病学 8．microscope 　 n．显微镜 9．protein n．蛋白质 10．virus n．病毒 11．vaccine n．疫苗 12．framework n．框架；结构 13．concrete n．混凝土 adj.混凝土制的；确实的；具体的 14．patriotic adj.爱国的 15．mechanical adj.机械的；发动机的；机器的 16．mechanic n．机械师；机械修理工 17．missile n．导弹 18．astronomy n．天文学 19．contradictory adj.相互矛盾的；对立的；不一致的 20．pump n．泵；抽水机；打气筒 21．subscribe vi.认购(股份)；定期订购；定期交纳(会费) 22．suspect vt.& vi.怀疑；疑有；不信任 n．犯罪嫌疑人；可疑对象 23．blame vt.把……归咎于；责怪；指责 n．责备；指责 24．link n．联系；纽带 vt.把……连接起来；相关联 25．substantial adj.大量的；价值巨大的；重大的 26．transform vt.使改观；使改变形态 vi.改变；转变 27．initial adj.最初的；开始的；第一的 28．shadow n．阴影；影子；背光处 29．trace vt.追溯；追踪；查出 n．痕迹；遗迹；踪迹 30．outstanding adj.优秀的；杰出的；明显的 31．concept n．概念；观念 32．brilliant adj.聪颖的；绝妙的；明亮的 33．fault n．弱点；过错 (Ⅱ)熟词生义与一词多义 1．a prison cell 　　 　　　　 　 监狱牢房 2．a concrete plan 具体的计划 3．defend the accused in court 在法庭上为被告辩护 4．a solid argument 可靠的论据 5．subscribe to a belief 赞同一种观点 6．work the night shift 上夜班 7．read the abstract of the paper 阅读论文的摘要 8．handle the situation carefully 小心处理局势 (Ⅲ)写出派生或词性、词义 1．severe adj.极为恶劣的；十分严重的；严厉的→severity n．严重；严格；严厉 2．frustrate vt.使懊恼；使沮丧→frustrated adj.懊恼的；沮丧的；失意的→frustrating adj.令人懊恼的→frustration n．沮丧；懊恼；挫败 3．infect vt.使感染；传染→infection n．感染；传染→infectious adj.传染的；有传染性的 4．prove vt.证明 link v．证明是→proof n．证据；证明；检验 5．intervene vi.干扰；介入→intervention n．介入；出面；干涉 6．pure adj.干净的；纯的；纯粹的→purely adv.仅仅；完全→purify vt.净化；使纯净→purity n．纯净，纯洁 7．defend vt.保卫；防守；辩解→defense/defence n．防御；保卫；保护 8．assist vt.帮助；协助；援助→assistance n．帮助；协助→assistant n．助理；助手 9．gift n．天赋；天分→gifted adj.有天赋的；有天才的；天资聪慧的 10．steady adj.稳定的；平稳的；稳步的→steadily adv.平稳地；持续地 Ⅱ.短语英汉互译 1．subscribe to　　　　 同意；赞同 2．above all 最重要的是；尤其是 3．in time 及时；迟早 4．in charge of 主管；掌管 5．be to blame 对(坏事)负有责任 6．have an impact on 对……有影响 7．once and for all 最终地；彻底地 8．break out (战争、打斗等不愉快的事情)突然开始；爆发 9．be likely to do sth 很可能做某事 10．come down with 患(病)；染上(小病) Ⅲ.佳句默写(温馨提示：用衡水体认真书写) 1．他发现这两条街道上的霍乱爆发尤为严重以至于十天内死了500多人。(so...that...) He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days. 2．所以，他让人把水泵的手柄拆了，这样水泵就不能用了。(have＋宾语＋宾语补足语) Accordingly，he had the handle of the pump removed so that it could not be used. 3．大多数人都很熟悉他坐在轮椅上无法动弹，只能通过电脑来说话的样子。(形容词短语作状语) Most people are familiar with images of him in his wheelchair，unable to move and using a computer to talk. Part 1　核心词句——学表达 blame vt.把……归咎于；责怪；指责 n．责备；指责 【高考真题】　(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷读后续写)As we spoke, Gunter never once blamed me for the inconvenience caused by my lack of cash and the malfunctioning card machine.在我们交谈时，冈特从未因我没带现金和取款机故障造成的不便而责怪我。 【用法归纳】 ◎blame sb for sth 因某事责备某人 ◎blame sth on sb/sth 将某事归咎于某人/某物 ◎be to blame (for sth) 对(坏事)负有责任 ◎take/bear the blame for... 承担……的责任(一般是坏事或错事) ◎lay/put/place the blame on sb/sth 归咎于某人/某物 【写作语料】　 ◎blame poor safety standards for the accident 将该事故归咎于安全标准不到位 ◎blame the traffic jam on roadworks把交通堵塞归咎于道路施工 ◎take the blame for his poor academic performance 承担他考出糟糕成绩的责任 【语境运用】　单句填空/完成句子 ①When getting along with others，we shouldn't always blame others for mistakes.After all，many times we are also to blame (blame). ②把自己的错误归咎于他人很容易，但对自己的行为负责是成熟和个人成长的标志。 It is easy to blame others for our own mistakes, but taking responsibility for our actions is a sign of maturity and personal growth. ③(2024·浙江1月卷应用文)有些人可能会将缺乏身体锻炼归咎于繁重的学业负担，但在课间休息时加入跳绳等简单的锻炼可以缓解这个问题。 Some may blame the lack of physical activity on the heavy academic workload, but incorporating simple exercises like rope skipping during breaks can help alleviate this issue. decrease n．减少；降低；减少量 vt.& vi.(使大小、数量等)减少；减小；降低 【高考真题】　(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷读后续写)As the queue for the bus decreased, I felt a growing sense of helplessness, realizing that I might miss my ride to the conference.随着排队等车的人数减少，我的无助感越来越强烈，意识到我可能会错过去参加会议的车。[焦急无助心理描写] 【用法归纳】 ◎on the decrease/decline 在减少；在衰退 ◎on the increase/rise 在上涨；在增长 ◎decrease/increase by... 减少/增加了…… ◎decrease/increase to... 减少/增加到…… 【写作语料】　 ◎decrease the chances of disease infection减少疾病感染的机会 ◎decrease by 25% 减少25% ◎decrease in carbon emissions 碳排放的减少 ◎with the decrease of habitats for animals随着动物栖息地的减少 【语境运用】　语段填空/完成句子 ①The number of people owning private cars is on the increase in China.By the end of last year，the number had increased to 80 million，while the number of people buying Japanese cars had decreased by 20%. ②随着更多的人意识到塑料污染的危害，一次性塑料制品的使用量有望减少。 With more people becoming aware of the dangers of plastic pollution, the use of single­use plastic products is expected to decrease． ③(2024·浙江1月卷)在校期间定期锻炼可以帮助减轻学生的压力，改善整体健康状况。 Regular exercise during school hours can help decrease stress levels and improve overall well­being among students． defend vt.保卫；防守；辩解；替……辩护→defence n．防御；保卫；保护→defensive adj.防御性的；自我保护的 【高考真题】　(2024·浙江1月卷应用文写作)Encouraging students to engage in physical activities like rope skipping can help them build a strong immune system and defend themselves against illnesses.鼓励学生参加跳绳等体育活动可以帮助他们建立强大的免疫系统，抵御疾病。 【用法归纳】 ◎defend...against/from 保护……免受 ◎defend oneself 自卫；为自己辩护 ◎in defence (of) 保护；为了保卫 ◎in one's defence 为某人辩护 【写作语料】　 ◎defend one's position/views 为自己的立场/观点辩护 ◎rush to defend his son like an arrow 像箭一样冲过去保护他的儿子 ◎defend ourselves from/against being attacked保护自己不受攻击 ◎in defence of animals close to extinction 为了保护濒临灭绝的动物 【语境运用】　单句填空/一句多译 ①The team's defensive (defend) strategy proved effective in neutralizing the opponent's attacking players. ②Some people learn martial arts to strengthen their bodies or defend themselves against/from being bullied. ③狼紧紧地追在他后面，他下了自行车，拿起一根棍子保护自己。[手部动作描写] →With the wolf running closely after him，he got off his bike and took up a stick in defence of himself．(defence) →With the wolf running closely after him，he got off his bike and defended himself with a stick．(defend) suspect vt.& vi.怀疑；疑有；不信任 n．犯罪嫌疑人；可疑对象 【高考真题】　(2024·全国甲卷应用文写作)The rapid adoption of shared bicycles in Chinese cities led some people to suspect that they would replace traditional forms of transportation.共享单车在中国城市的快速普及让一些人认为它们会取代传统交通工具。 【用法归纳】 ◎suspect sb of (doing) sth 怀疑某人(做了)某事 ◎suspect sb to be... 怀疑某人是…… ◎suspect that 怀疑……；觉得…… 【语用点拨】　与“suspect sb of sth”结构类似的动词短语还有： ①remind sb of sth提醒某人某事 ②inform sb of sth告知某人某事 ③cure sb of sth治愈某人的某种疾病 ④accuse sb of sth指责/指控某人某事 ⑤convince sb of sth劝服某人相信某事 【语境运用】　单句填空/完成句子 ①He resigned after being suspected of theft. ②这名中年男子因与受害人发生冲突而被怀疑是凶手。 The middle­aged man was suspected to be the murderer because he had a conflict with the victim. ③当我的钱包不见了，我起初怀疑是我的室友拿了它，但后来发现是我自己忘在图书馆了。 When my wallet went missing, I initially suspected that my roommate had taken it, but later discovered that I had left it behind in the library myself. pour vt.倒出；倾泻；斟(饮料)；涌流 【高考真题】　(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷应用文写作)As I poured out my gratitude to Gunter for his exceptional service, he simply smiled and said, “That's what friends are for.”当我向冈特表达我对他卓越服务的感激之情时，他只是微笑着说：“这就是朋友的作用。”[神态描写之笑] 【用法归纳】 ◎pour in/into 　 倒入；涌进 ◎pour down 倾盆而下 ◎pour out 涌出；倾诉 【写作语料】　 ◎pour one's heart out 倾诉衷肠 ◎pour cold water over/on sth 对某事泼冷水 ◎with muddy flood water pouring into the car 浑浊的洪水涌入汽车 ◎complaints pour in 投诉纷至沓来 【语境运用】　完成句子 ①废水流到河里、湖里和田野里会损害农作物，杀死大量的鱼。[环境保护] With the waste water pouring into rivers，lakes and fields，it will harm the crops and kill a large number of fish. ②听到这个令人心碎的消息后，她再也控制不住自己的情绪，眼泪倾泻而下。[情绪描写] Upon hearing the heartbreaking news, she could no longer control her emotions, tears pouring down her face． come down with 染上；得了(……病)；患(病) 【高考真题】　(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷读后续写)Although David came down with a brain disease, he finally finished the race and I felt a swell of pride for him.虽然大卫患了脑病，但他最终完成了比赛，我为他感到无比自豪。[自豪心理描写] 【用法归纳】 ◎come across　　 　 (偶然)遇见；碰见；被理解 ◎come about 发生(无被动形式) ◎come out 出版；结果是；(花)开放 ◎come on 加油；上场；得了吧 ◎come up 走近；上来；被提出 ◎come up with 提出；想出(主意、计划、回答等) ◎when it comes to... 当谈及…… 【写作语料】　 After brainstorming for hours, the team finally came up with a brilliant solution to the problem that had been blocking the project for weeks. 经过几个小时的头脑风暴，团队终于为阻碍该项目数周的问题想出了一个绝妙的解决方案。 【语境运用】　用come的相关短语完成语段/完成句子 ①When it comes to English learning，I have the following practical suggestions to share.Firstly，when you come across unfamiliar words，don't always refer to the dictionary.Furthermore，when teachers' questions come up in class，you should try to come up with answers.Lastly，if you fail，you must say to yourself，“Come on！”[建议信] ②谈到提高汉语听力，我的建议是你应该每天听汉语。[建议信] When it comes to improving Chinese listening ability, my suggestion is that you should listen to Chinese every day. above all 最重要的是；首先；尤其是 【高考真题】　(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷应用文写作)The outdoor class was a unique experience, but above all, it showcased the importance of creativity and self­expression in education.这个户外课程是一种独特的体验，但最重要的是，它展示了创造力和自我表达在教育中的重要性。 【用法归纳】 ◎after all 　　 毕竟；终究 ◎first of all 首先；第一 ◎all in all 整体说来；总而言之 ◎in all 全部；合计 ◎at all (否定句)一点也(不)；完全(不)；(疑问句)到底；究竟 【写作语料】　 My Chinese teacher tried to persuade me to read some classic novels, but those books don't attract me at all. 我的中文老师试图说服我读一些经典小说，但那些书一点也不吸引我。 【语境运用】　完成句子/翻译句子 ①多亏了你及时而慷慨的帮助，我设法成功解决了所有这四个问题。[感谢信] Thanks to your timely and generous help，I managed to handle the four problems in all． ②你完全不应该再依赖你的父母了，毕竟你已经过十八岁了。最重要的是你应该自己挣钱。 You shouldn't depend on your parents at all，since after all you have been over eighteen; above all you should earn money by yourself. ③(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)首先，我要感谢我们的老师在公园里组织了这节精彩的户外艺术课。 First of all, I would like to thank our teacher for organizing this incredible outdoor art lesson in the park. 句式：until 引导时间状语从句 【教材原句】　Cholera used to be one of the most feared diseases in the world，until a British doctor，John Snow，showed how it could be overcome.在英国医生约翰·斯诺向人们展示如何战胜霍乱之前，霍乱曾是世界上最令人恐惧的疾病之一。 【用法归纳】 ◎not...until... 意为“直到……才……”； ◎not until 倒装结构：Not until＋...＋助动词/系动词/情态动词＋主语＋...； ◎not until 强调结构：It is/was not until＋时间状语从句或短语＋that＋主句部分。 【写作佳句】　 ①(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)I did not truly appreciate the beauty of nature until I participated in the outdoor art lesson in the park. 直到我参加了公园里的户外美术课，我才真正欣赏到大自然的美。 ②(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)Not until I saw my completed artwork did I understand the true value of the outdoor art lesson. 直到我看到自己完成的艺术作品，我才明白这节户外美术课的真正价值。 ③(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)It was not until I received praise from my teacher and classmates that I gained confidence in my artistic abilities. 直到我收到老师和同学们的表扬，我才对自己的艺术能力产生信心。 【仿写借鉴】　完成句子/一句多译 ①(2021·浙江6月卷)我将一直在农场工作，直到我挣到足够的钱帮助爸爸买辆新拖拉机。 I would keep working on the farm until I earned enough money to help my father buy a new tractor. ②(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)直到我走出舒适区，尝试新事物，我才发现自己对在大自然中创作艺术的热情。 →I didn't discover my passion for creating art in nature until I stepped out of my comfort zone and tried something new. →Not until I stepped out of my comfort zone and tried something new did I discover my passion for creating art in nature. →It was not until I stepped out of my comfort zone and tried something new that I discovered my passion for creating art in nature. 句式：have＋宾语＋宾语补足语 【教材原句】　Accordingly，he had the handle of the pump removed so that it could not be used.所以，他让人把水泵的手柄拆了，这样水泵就不能用了。 【用法归纳】 ◎have sth done　 　　　 使某事被做 ◎have sb do sth 让某人做某事 ◎have sb/sth doing sth 让某人一直做某事/让某事处于某种状态 ◎can't/couldn't/won't have sb do/doing sth 不能容忍某人做某事 ◎have sth to do 有某事要做 【写作佳句】　 ①(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)Our teacher had us explore different areas of the park to find inspiration for our artwork. 我们的老师让我们探索公园的不同区域，以寻找艺术创作的灵感。 ②(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷) The peaceful atmosphere of the park had me feeling relaxed and focused throughout the art lesson. 公园的宁静氛围让我整节美术课都感到放松和保持专注。 ③I intend to go abroad for further study，through which I can have my horizons broadened. 我打算出国深造，这样可以开阔我的视野。 【仿写借鉴】　完成句子 ①公园里的美术课让我意识到在创作艺术时仔细观察大自然的重要性。 The art lesson in the park had me realize the importance of observing nature closely when creating art. ②我们班主任不能容忍我们浪费时间。即使我们已完成作业，他也总是让我们阅读经典来开阔我们的视野。[人物介绍] Our head teacher can't have us wasting our time．Even if we have finished our homework，he always has us read classics to widen/broaden our horizons． Part 2　阅读词汇——善辨义 1．shift A．n.转移；转变 B．n.轮班；班次 C．v.换挡 ①She works the night shift at the hospital. B ②Remember to shift gears when driving uphill. C ③(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)Though they are useful for detecting shifts in the number and variety of species in an area, a new Stanford study has found that this type of record is not perfect. A 2．abstract A．adj.抽象的 B．v.提取 C．n.摘要 ①The researcher abstracted the key points from the lengthy report. B ②The abstract of the article provides a brief overview of the main ideas. C ③(2024·浙江1月卷)Hmm, your description really teaches me something about appreciating abstract art. A 3．handle A．vt.处理　B．vt.操纵　C．n.把手　 D．vt.(用手)触、碰、拿 ①(2022·全国甲卷)The way you handle chopsticks is important to avoid annoying your companions. D ②Driving a car is not just handling controls but judging speed and distance. B ③Tea in China was traditionally drunk from cups without handles. C ④(2023·浙江1月卷)Consider turning your travel plan over to a travel agent and letting him double­check all the details，make suggestions，and then handle the actual reservations. A 4．subscribe to A．订阅 B．赞成；同意 C．捐助 ①He subscribes to the view that we can tackle the severe problem in this way once and for all. B ②This is the school the outstanding and patriotic scientist subscribed to generously in the past. C ③Using the money I earned in the holiday，I have subscribed to multiple magazines recently. A 巧借前缀micro­推测词义 前缀micro­意为“微小的” [本单元]microscope n．显微镜 [相关词]①microwave n．微波 ②microorganism n．微生物 1．The microplastic particles in the ocean pose a serious threat to marine life. [词义]micro(微小)＋plastic(塑料)→microplastic n．微塑料 2．The microbiologist studied the behavior of bacteria under different environmental conditions. [词义]micro(微小)＋biologist(生物学家)→microbiologist n．微生物学家 3．The microchip in the device allows it to process data at incredible speeds. [词义]micro(微小)＋chip(芯片)→microchip n．微芯片 4．The microprocessor is the brain of the computer, handling all its calculations and operations. [词义]micro(微小)＋processor(处理器)→microprocessor n．微处理器 5．The microeconomics course focuses on the behavior of individuals and businesses in the market. [词义]micro(微小)＋economics(经济学)→microeconomics n．微观经济学 6．The microgravity environment in space affects the way astronauts' bodies function. [词义]micro(微小)＋gravity(重力)→microgravity n．微重力 (一)核心词句专练——单句语法填空 1．(2024·浙江1月卷)Due to the lack of scientific proof (prove) concerning their impacts, no one has succeeded in winning a lawsuit against cloud­seeding companies. 2．(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)David stood at the starting line, helpless and frustrated (frustrate). 3．Blamed (blame) for the failure of the performance，Tim felt seized by a burst of sadness and couldn't help crying bitterly.[情感描写] 4．The number of the patients is on the decrease.Thanks to the government's intervention，the number has decreased by 20%. 5．The outstanding astronomer who devoted himself to his career came down with a severe illness. 6．I was overcome with sadness because I was suspected of stealing his money. 7．Such a mean woman is she that she is always finding fault with others，which really gets us annoyed. 8．Thanks to your generous help and kindness，my first Canada trip was transformed into an unforgettable memory.[感谢信] (二)阅读词汇猜词——熟词生义、派生 1．The prisoner was confined to a small cell with minimal amenities.n.单间牢房 2．The researcher presented concrete evidence to support his groundbreaking theory.adj.具体的 3．The police identified the prime suspect in the robbery case.n.犯罪嫌疑人 4．The skilled lawyer was hired to defend the accused in court.vt.替……辩护 5．The journalist kept pumping the politician for information about the scandal.vt.不停地追问 6．The company has a solid reputation for delivering high­quality products.adj.可靠的 7．The company is committed to developing sustainable business practices that minimize its environmental impact and support long­term economic growth. ◎sus­(在下面)＋tain＋­able (使能够)→sustainable adj.可持续的 (一)应用文写作[电子邮件——科学家的优秀品质] (2025·福州高三质检)假如你是李华，收到笔友John的邮件。John希望自己将来能成为一名科学家，因此向你咨询科学家需要具备哪些品质。请你给他回一封电子邮件告知。要点如下： (1)对John的梦想表示支持； (2)科学家应具备的品质。 选用本单元所学知识和右栏词块翻译句子 第一段：开篇点出写信目的 1．我很高兴收到你的电子邮件，并了解到你想成为一名科学家的愿望。最重要的是，我想表达我对你的梦想的全力支持。 I was delighted to receive your email and learn about your desire to become a scientist.Above all, I want to express my wholehearted support for your dream. 第二段：对John的梦想表示支持和科学家应具备的品质 2．直到我看到你的电子邮件，我才意识到你对科学的热情之深。(倒装句) Not until I came across your email did I realize the depth of your passion for science. 3．要成为一名成功的科学家，一个人必须有一种好奇心以及质疑和探索周围世界的意愿。 To become a successful scientist, one must have a curiosity and a willingness to question and explore the world around them. 4．当面对批评时，科学家也应该有耐心、坚持不懈、不怕为自己的观点辩护。 A scientist should also be patient, persistent, and not be afraid to defend their ideas when faced with criticism. 5．我认为你已经具备了许多这些品质，我鼓励你继续培养它们。 I suspect that you already possess many of these qualities, and I encourage you to continue nurturing them. 第三段：最后提出希望 6．如果你在成为一名科学家的道路上需要任何支持或指导，请毫不犹豫地联系我。我随时准备为你提供帮助。 If you ever need any support or guidance on your path to becoming a scientist, please don't hesitate to reach out.I'm always here to help. [构建语义场——科学] 1．科学研究方法 ①observation 观察 ②hypothesis 假设 ③experiment 实验 ④data collection 数据收集 ⑤data analysis 数据分析 ⑥conclusion 结论 ⑦scientific method 科学方法 ⑧empirical evidence 实证证据 2．科学应用 ⑨medical research 医学研究 ⑩drug development 药物开发 ⑪renewable energy 可再生能源 ⑫space exploration 太空探索 ⑬genetic engineering 基因工程 ⑭sustainable agriculture 可持续农业 ⑮water purification 水净化 ⑯waste management 废物管理 3．科学家素质 ⑰curiosity 好奇心 ⑱critical thinking 批判性思维 ⑲creativity 创造力 ⑳perseverance 毅力 ㉑explore the world 探索世界 ㉒collaboration 合作 ㉓open­mindedness 开放思想 ㉔passion for science 对科学的热情 4．科学的意义 ㉕advance human knowledge 推进人类知识 ㉖solve global challenges 解决全球性挑战 ㉗improve qualities of life 提高生活质量 ㉘drive technological progress 推动技术进步 ㉙foster innovation 促进创新 ㉚promote evidence­based thinking 促进循证思维 ㉛enhance public understanding 增进公众理解 ㉜contribute to human well­being 促进人类福祉 (二)读后续写[科学话题＋好奇心理描写] Ⅰ.教材语料背诵 词汇 [人物描写]　frustrated；gifted；outstanding；brilliant；leadership [动作描写]　suspect；blame；handle；transform；cast；defend；come down with；subscribe to 佳句 1．It seemed that the woman liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day.(情感描写) 2．Born in Shanghai in 1911，Qian attended schools in Beijing and then entered Shanghai Jiao Tong University to study Railway Mechanical Engineering.(人物描写) 3．Besides being brilliant，he was brave，though sometimes careless in what he said or did.(人物描写) 4．He was willing to say what others were afraid to say，and to dream of what others were afraid to dream about.(排比) Ⅱ.拓展语料积累 词汇 curious 好奇的；fascinated 着迷的；captivated 被吸引的；absorbed 专注的；spellbound 着迷的；arouse one's curiosity 激起某人的好奇心；spark one's imagination 激发某人的想象力；capture one's attention 吸引某人的注意力；be eager to learn 渴望学习；have a thirst for knowledge 渴求知识；be consumed by curiosity 充满好奇心；be driven by a desire to know 被求知欲所驱使；be filled with wonder 充满惊奇 佳句 1．Her eyes sparkled with curiosity as she gazed upon the mysterious object. 当她凝视着那个神秘的物体时，她的眼中闪烁着好奇的光芒。 2．The strange noise coming from the attic aroused his curiosity, and he couldn't resist investigating. 阁楼上传来的奇怪声音激起了他的好奇心，他无法抗拒去探查。 3．She was utterly fascinated by the complex workings of the ancient machine, eager to unravel its secrets. 她完全被这台古老机器的复杂工作原理所吸引，渴望揭开它的秘密。 4．The explorer was captivated by the beauty and mystery of the uncharted territory, yearning to discover what lay beyond. 探险家被这片未知领域的美丽和神秘所吸引，渴望发现未知的事物。 5．The scientist was absorbed in her research, driven by an insatiable curiosity to understand the complexities of the universe. 这名科学家专注于她的研究，由永不满足的好奇心驱使着去理解宇宙的复杂性。 Ⅲ.语料综合运用(用上述语料完成续写) [前情提示]　奇普原本不愿上学，但在他的科学老师奥戴尔的影响下，他对科学课产生了浓厚的兴趣。奥戴尔鼓励学生们通过思考而非死记硬背来学习科学，使得奇普开始享受科学课的每一刻，甚至在课外也积极观察和学习自然现象。奇普的变化体现了教育的力量，以及一位优秀老师对学生兴趣和态度的深远影响…… [续写构思]　一到科学课，奇普就充满了活力和热情→被奥戴尔老师说的话所吸引→充满对知识的渴望→被一种对学习和探索的永不满足的欲望所驱使 　　一到科学课，奇普就充满了活力和热情。他的眼睛里闪烁着好奇的光芒，他坐在座位上，身子前倾，被奥戴尔先生说的每一句话所吸引。曾经平凡的教室变成了一个充满探索的迷人世界，奇普的脑海里充满着问题和想法。他不再是那个害怕上学的冷漠的学生；相反，他整个人充满了对知识的渴望，渴望解开宇宙的奥秘。奥戴尔先生对科学的热情点燃了奇普内心的火焰，他发现自己沉浸在自然世界的奇迹之中，被一种对学习和探索的永不满足的欲望所驱使。 　　The minute the lesson turned to science, Chip exploded with energy and enthusiasm.His eyes ①sparkled with curiosity, and he leaned forward in his seat, captivated by Mr.O'Dell's every word.The once mundane classroom ②transformed into a fascinating world of discovery, and Chip's mind raced with questions and ideas.He was no longer the apathetic student who dreaded school; instead, he ③was consumed by a thirst for knowledge, eager to unravel the mysteries of the universe.Mr.O'Dell's passion for science had ignited a flame within Chip, and he ④ found himself absorbed in the wonders of the natural world, driven by an insatiable desire to learn and explore. (时间：30分钟　满分：35分) Ⅰ.阅读理解(共8小题，每小题2.5分，共20分) A (2025·四川新高考教研联盟一模)Born on her family's farm in Ray, North Dakota, Mary Sherman Morgan had been helping her father with farm work before she could attend the small­town schoolhouse.Being a few years behind didn't hold her back and she graduated from high school with honors.Aware of her intelligence, she ran away from Ray to attend Minot State University as a chemistry major, where her skill was evident. The outbreak of World War Ⅱ resulted in a national shortage of chemists and scientists.In spite of the fact that she was still a student and a woman, she was offered a job as a chemical analyst due to her talents, producing explosives(爆炸物)for the wartime effort.She put her degree on hold and moved to Ohio, taking on the dangerous job of analyzing unstable chemicals to produce weapons. After the war ended there was a fall in demand for explosives, so she made a move to the field of aeronautics, moving to California to work for NAA(North American Aviation).The only woman out of 900 engineers, she was soon promoted to a role which involved calculating the performance of rocket propellants (推进剂) and designing speciality fuels to work with different engines.However, never having returned to complete her degree, she was not afforded the rank or higher pay of an engineer, even though she had all the skills and knowledge of one. Her experience with propellants meant that when NAA was tasked to find a fuel capable of lifting the redesigned Redstone missiles into space, Morgan was appointed technical lead on the project.National pride was on the line, so Morgan set about investigating fuels.After countless trails, she finally designed her own mixture, which was named Hydyne. Hydyne tested well with the Redstone missiles and subsequently other aircraft (飞行器), such as Jupiter­C rockets, proving to be a quick solution to getting to space without a total rocket redesign.The fuel made the first successful US satellite launch possible, even if Morgan silently slipped away from her success, retiring to focus on her family and leaving her chemistry career behind. [语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文，文章介绍了科学家Mary Sherman Morgan的生平以及她所做出的贡献。 1．What do we know about Morgan? A．She attended school while helping with farm work. B．She was offered a job as a chemistry analyst after graduation. C．She shifted her working focus as the domestic demand changed. D．She launched the first US satellite before retiring from her career. C　[推理判断题。根据第二段以及第四段的第一、二句“她在推进剂方面的经验意味着，当NAA的任务是找到一种能够将重新设计的Redstone导弹送入太空的燃料时，Morgan被任命为该项目的技术负责人。在这一影响国家荣誉的时刻，Morgan着手研究燃料。”可知Morgan的工作重心是随着国内需求的变化而转移。故选C。] 2．What does the underlined word “aeronautics” probably mean? A．Analyzing chemicals. B．Producing explosives. C．Mixing and saving fuels. D．Designing and building aircraft. D　[词义猜测题。根据第三段“The only woman out of 900 engineers, she was soon promoted to a role which involved calculating the performance of rocket propellants(推进剂) and designing speciality fuels to work with different engines.”以及最后一段第一句可知Morgan进入的是航空航天领域，所以D选项“设计和制造航天器”符合词义。故选D。] 3．What made Morgan the technical lead on the project of NAA? A．Her discovery of Hydyne. B．Her rank as an engineer. C．Her special knowledge in fuels. D．Her sense of national pride. C　[细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“她很快被提升到一个涉及计算火箭推进剂性能和设计用于不同引擎的特殊燃料的职位。”和第四段第一句“她在推进剂方面的经验意味着，当NAA的任务是找到一种能够将重新设计的Redstone导弹送入太空的燃料时，莫根被任命为该项目的技术负责人。”可知是在燃料方面的专业知识让Morgan成为NAA项目的技术负责人。故选C。] 4．Which of the following words can best describe Mary Sherman Morgan? A．Caring and determined. B．Courageous and creative. C．Intelligent but sensitive. D．Accomplished but proud. B　[推理判断题。根据第二段的最后一句“她暂时搁置了学位，搬到了俄亥俄州，从事分析不稳定化学物质以生产武器的危险工作。”和第四段的最后一句“经过无数次的尝试，她终于设计出了自己的混合物，并命名为Hydyne。”可知Morgan勇敢且具有创造性。故选B。] B (2025·南充市高考适应性考试)ChatGPT maker OpenAI from the United States stepped up the global artificial intelligence (AI) race when it published its text­to­video generation tool Sora, which is capable of generating complex scenes with a very high degree of accuracy, including multiple characters, specific types of movements, themes and backgrounds. This made Chinese people think about the gap in AI technology between China and America.A significant question was raised: Will AI become China's new productive force? On Feb.16, Zhou Hongyi, founder of cybersecurity firm 360 Security Technology, said Sora may bring a huge disruption(扰乱)to the advertising industry, movie trailers and the short­video industry；what's more, the realization of generative AI may be shortened from 10 years to one or two years.“Although the development level of large­scale models in China seems to be close to GPT­3.5, there is still an 18­month gap compared to GPT­4.0.Besides,the AI technology in America should still have secret development, whether it is GPT­5.0 or machine self­learning to generate content，” Zhou said, adding that it is worth paying attention to. However, China has a broader market for the application of AI technologies.Or, to put it simply, China needs to apply such technologies to real use, and develop them into productive forces, narrowing the gap between itself and the US. Jia Jiaya，founder of the smart manufacturing(制造业) company SmartMore, said that GPT­4.0 is less efficient in the industrial sector and that's where Chinese companies found opportunities.China is the only country now in the world that has developed all the industrial categories.China's supply and industrial chains offer comprehensive services from raw material supply, component production, distribution, assembly, processing and logistics to final delivery to consumers.It means that any technology will have its best application prospect here in the Chinese market, and without application or commercial use, technology means zero. [语篇解读]本文是议论文。本文讨论了美国OpenAI公司发布的文本到视频生成工具Sora对全球人工智能(AI)竞争的影响，以及中国在AI 技术领域的发展与不足。尽管美国在AI领域似乎领先，但中国在AI技术的应用市场上有更广阔的空间，并且有机会在工业领域找到自己的优势。 5．What does the underlined word “This” refer to in Paragraph 2? A．The appearance of the advanced AI tool, Sora. B．The race of artificial intelligence. C．The generation of complex scenes. D．The high degree of operation accuracy. A　[词句猜测题。根据第一段内容以及画线词所在句可知，美国ChatGPT制造者 OpenAI发布了其文本到视频生成工具Sora，这加剧了全球人工智能的竞争。Sora能够以非常高的精确度生成复杂场景，包括多个角色、特定类型的运动、主题和背景。这使得中国人思考中国与美国在AI技术方面的差距。This指代的是前文提到的“text­to­video generation tool Sora”的出现。故选A项。A项“先进AI工具Sora的出现”；B项“人工智能的竞争”；C项“复杂场景的生成”；D项“高程度的操作精确性”。] 6．What can we learn about the AI development in the US from Paragraph 3? A．Sora may bring a huge disruption to local industries. B．Generative AI has already been put into practical use. C．The AI development in the US is 18 months ahead of China. D．Its development level may be beyond what the world knows. D　[细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Although the development level of large­scale models in China...machine self­learning to generate content”可知，尽管中国的大规模模型发展水平似乎接近GPT­3.5，但与GPT­4.0相比仍有18个月的差距。此外，美国的AI技术应该还有秘密开发，无论是GPT­5.0还是为了生成内容而进行的机器自我学习。这表明美国的AI发展水平可能超出了世界所知。故选D项。] 7．According to Jia Jiaya, why can China find opportunities in the industrial sector? A．China's AI technology is more advanced than America's. B．China can offer the most promising application future. C．China has applied AI technologies to all industrial categories. D．China possesses the largest group of consumers in the world. B　[细节理解题。根据第五段内容可知，Jia Jiaya提到，GPT­4.0在工业领域的效率较低，而中国公司在这一点上找到了机会。中国是世界上唯一一个发展了所有工业类别的国家，其供应链和产业链提供了从原材料供应到最终交付给消费者的全面服务。这意味着任何技术在中国市场上都有其最佳的应用前景。故选B项。] 8．What is the best title for the passage? A．AI: China's New Productive Force B．Sora: A New Step for the World C．Manufacturing: A New World for AI D．ChatGPT­4.0: A Gap Between China and America A　[主旨大意题。文章先提出AI是否会成为中国新生产力这一问题，之后通过引用业界人士的观点，分析了中国在AI技术应用方面的机遇和挑战，并指出中国应真正利用这些技术，将其转化为生产力。因此，最佳标题是“AI：中国的新生产力”。故选A项。] Ⅱ.完形填空(共15小题，每小题1分，共15分) (2025·浙江省新阵地教育联盟高三第一次联考)I was seated in the aisle(过道)seat of a three­seater row on the plane to Portugal.A girl, about 5 years old, sat to my right, and her father 1 the window seat to her right.I noticed the little girl looking at me and the screen in front of me with a 2 expression from time to time.To 3 her, I switched to an animated motion picture.I chose Portuguese subtitles(字幕)to 4 my language skills and in case the little girl wanted to 5 along.It was a good move since the child became 6 on my screen. The little one 7 resting her head on me and hugging my arm.Her father would 8 her toward him whenever he realized what she was doing. 9 ，her restless little body would find its way back to me.After several 10 of this pattern, I motioned that I was OK with the little girl claiming my arm as her personal body pillow for the 11 of the flight.He smiled gratefully and fell into sleep. I have a 12 of flying, but having a little one to care for put my mind at ease.Honestly, it felt great to be 13 by both the child and her father.Our 14 willingness to treat each other simply as friendly people created a safe, respectful, and engaging environment among 15 during the nine­hour flight. [语篇解读]本文是记叙文。本文主要讲述了作者在去葡萄牙的航班上让邻座小女孩靠在胳膊上，并与小女孩分享动画电影的暖心经历。这次经历不仅让恐飞的作者感到放松，也体现了人与人之间信任的力量。 1． A．won B．adjusted C．occupied D．moved C　[根据上文对作者和小女孩的座位情况的描述可知，此处说的是小女孩的爸爸的座位情况，即她爸爸坐在(occupied)她右边靠窗的座位，故选C。adjust“调整，调节，适应，习惯”；occupy“使用，占用(空间、面积、时间等)”。] 2． A．simple B．curious C．similar D．clear B　[根据空前的“the little girl looking at me and the screen in front of me”和常识可推测，小女孩时不时一脸好奇地看向作者和作者面前的屏幕，故选B。curious“求知欲强的，好奇的”。] 3． A．engage B．frighten C．persuade D．praise A　[上文提到小女孩时不时好奇地看向作者和作者面前的屏幕，再由空后的“I switched to an animated motion picture”可知，作者打开了一部动画电影，所以推测作者是为了吸引(engage)小女孩的注意力。engage“吸引住(注意力、兴趣)”；frighten“使惊吓，使惊恐”；persuade“劝说，说服”；praise“表扬，称赞”。] 4． A．call out for B．make away with C．brush up on D．get down to C　[根据文章第一句中的“the plane to Portugal”可知，作者在去葡萄牙的飞机上，所以打开葡萄牙语字幕应是为了复习(brush up on)自己的语言技能。call out for “呼喊”；make away with“偷走”；brush up on“快速提高，重温(生疏了的技能等)”；get down to“开始做，开始认真注意/对待”。] 5． A．sing B．read C．walk D．play B　[作者打开了电影字幕应是以防小女孩想要一起看字幕，故选B。] 6． A．connected B．recognized C．focused D．informed C　[根据上文可知，作者打开了带葡萄牙语字幕的动画电影吸引小女孩的注意力，再由空前的“It was a good move”可推测，作者的举动是有效的，小女孩被动画电影吸引，专注地看着屏幕，故选C。connected“联系的”；recognized “公认的，认可的”；focused“注意力集中的，目标明确的”；informed“有学问的，有见识的”。] 7． A．suggested B．minded C．admitted D．kept D　[根据下文中的“her restless little body would find its way back to me”可知，小女孩一直(kept)把头靠在作者身上，并搂着作者的胳膊。] 8． A．shift B．follow C．point D．wave A　[句中的“what she was doing”指的是上文中的“resting her head on me and hugging my arm”，根据常识可推测，小女孩的爸爸察觉到她靠在作者身上时，会把她转到(shift)自己那边，故选A。shift“(使)移动，(使)转移”。] 9． A．Therefore B．Besides C．Otherwise D．Nevertheless D　[上文提到小女孩的爸爸看到小女孩靠在作者身上时，会把她转到自己那边，再由下文中的“her restless little body would find its way back to me”可知，小女孩还是会再靠到作者身上，空处前后内容之间形成了转折关系，故用nevertheless“尽管如此，然而”。therefore“因此”；besides“除此之外”；otherwise“否则，要不然”。] 10．A．examples B．attempts C．services D．attacks B　[空后的“this pattern”指的是上文提到的小女孩的爸爸把小女孩转到自己那边，但是小女孩又靠回作者身上这件事，所以这里是说小女孩爸爸做的几次尝试，故选B。attempt“企图，试图，尝试”；attack“袭击，攻击”。] 11．A．destination B．safety C．departure D．duration D　[根据最后一段中的“during the nine­hour flight”可推测，小女孩在飞机飞行期间一直把作者的胳膊当作枕头，故选D。destination“目的地，终点”；safety“安全，平安”；departure“离开，起程，出发”；duration“持续时间，期间”。] 12．A．dream B．fear C．cost D．future B　[根据but后面转折部分的“having a little one to care for put my mind at ease”可知，在飞行中照顾小女孩让作者很放松，由此可推测，作者害怕(fear)飞行，故选B。] 13．A．trusted B．invited C．favored D．tolerated A　[根据上文可知，小女孩把作者的胳膊当作枕头，并且在作者表示不介意后，小女孩的爸爸感激地笑了笑然后睡着了，所以可以判断，两人都很信任作者，故选A。trust“信任”；favor“偏袒”；tolerate“忍受，容忍，包容”。] 14．A．recent B．average C．collective D．changeable C　[根据上文提到的作者和小女孩及其爸爸之间的互动可知，双方都愿意把对方当作友善的人，故选C。average“平常的，普通的”；collective“共有的，共同的”；changeable“可能变化的，易变的，常变的”。] 15．A．strangers B．neighbors C．pilots D．attendants A　[上文的故事发生在作者和小女孩父女之间，三人一开始是陌生人(strangers)关系，故选A。pilot“飞行员，(飞行器)驾驶员”；attendant“服务员，侍者”。] 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $