UNIT 1 SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS-【正禾一本通】2025-2026学年高二英语选择性必修2同步课堂高效讲义教师用书（人教版）

本讲义以“科学家与科学精神”为核心主题，整合阅读（约翰·斯诺战胜霍乱、钱学森航天贡献等事迹）、词汇（如frustrated, suspect）、语法（表语从句）及写作（科学精神短文）模块，通过“导入-阅读分析-语言学习-练习巩固-写作输出”的支架设计，构建从输入到输出的完整学习链。 资料融合真实科学家案例与语言学习，通过分层阅读任务（主旨匹配、细节理解）提升语言能力，借助钱学森爱国事迹渗透文化意识，设计问题讨论（科学精神）培养思维品质。课中活动（如小组讨论）助力互动教学，课后分层练习（词汇填空、语法写作）帮助学生查漏补缺，兼顾语言技能与价值观培养。

Hello, I'm Xiaohe.Today, I am going to introduce how the scientists fought against bird flu.Since the severe bird flu broke out, many people all over the world have been infected.Outstanding, gifted and patriotic Chinese specialists in epidemiology and their assistants are responsible for tracing the source of the virus in order to protect more people from being killed.They desired to produce vaccine to handle the deadly disease once and for all.Initially，with concrete proof collected，they suspected that wild bats were to blame.But by observing the virus with microscopes, they gathered solid and multiple statistics and mastered the framework of the virus，which gradually transformed their initial contradictory thinking.All the findings made them subscribe to the idea that the virus was not directly linked to the bats，which made the brilliant experts frustrated.This also cast a shadow on the experts，so they had to shift towards how to prevent the virus from spreading among people.Above all，the less we go out，the less likely we will come down with the deadly disease.Furthermore，consuming more protein and eating more vegetables are good choices as well.Last but not least, we must wear masks outdoors. Section Ⅰ　Reading and Thinking Step One　Lead­in There are some great scientific achievements that have changed the world.Name a famous scientist you know and tell something about him/her. Sir Isaac Newton is often considered one of the greatest scientists of all time.He formulated the laws of motion and universal gravitation, which laid the foundation for classical mechanics. Step Two　Read for the main idea 1．Read the whole passage quickly and match the main idea with each paragraph. Para.1　　　　 A．Snow began his study by marking on a map. Para.2　 B．John Snow decided to prove the second theory. Para.3　 C．Snow's contributions. Para.4　 D．John Snow desired to defeat cholera. Para.5 E．The truth of the cholera infection. 答案：Paras.1～5　DBAEC 2．What's the main idea of the passage? A．How John Snow found the cause of cholera and defeated it. B．The cause of cholera was polluted water. C．The source of all drinking water should be examined. D．John Snow was a well­known doctor in London. 答案：A Step Three　Read for details Ⅰ.Read Para.1 carefully and do the following exercises. 1．What happened when an outbreak of cholera hit Europe in the early 19th century? Millions of people died from the disease. 2．Why did John Snow become frustrated as a young doctor? He became frustrated because no one knew how to prevent or treat cholera at that time. Ⅱ.Read Para.2 carefully and do the following exercises. 1．Which of the following theories did John Snow believe in? A．Bad air caused the disease. B．People ingested cholera into their bodies with their meals. C．People got infected with cholera because of cold and hunger. D．People suffered from cholera because they were not clean. 答案：B 2．What does the figure “more than 500” indicate? The cholera outbreak was very severe. Ⅲ.Read Paras.3－4 carefully and do the following exercises. 1．Put the following sentences in the correct order. A．Cholera stopped spreading. B．John Snow marked the places of death on a map. C．He suspected that the water pump was to blame. D．He had the handle removed from the water pump. E．He found that most of the deaths were near a water pump. (B)→(E)→(C)→(D)→(A) 2．Why did Snow have the handle removed from the pump? A．To look for the evidence. B．To tell people the water was to blame. C．To encourage people to drink pure water. D．To prevent the polluted water from spreading germs. 答案：D Ⅳ.Read Para.5 carefully and decide if the following statements are True or False. 1．John Snow's work led to the complete uprooting of cholera worldwide.(F) 2．John Snow's use of maps and statistics changed the way scientists study diseases.(T) 3．John Snow is credited with discovering the cure for cholera.(F) Step Four　Consolidation Discuss the questions with your partners and present your answers to the class. 1．How has John Snow's work affected our daily lives? 2．What can we learn from Snow when facing an epidemic? Your presentation： After learning about John Snow's work, we know that we should drink clean water and wash hands after our hands are dirty.It has transformed the way scientists study diseases in their daily work.When facing an epidemic, we should find the cause of it, cut off the transmission route of the virus, develop vaccines and find the cure for it. ◎ JOHN SNOW DEFEATS “KING CHOLERA①” Cholera used to be② one of the most feared diseases in the world, until a British doctor, John Snow, showed how it could be overcome.This illness causes severe diarrhoea③， dehydration④， and even death.In the early 19th century, when an outbreak of cholera hit⑤ Europe, millions of people died from the disease.[1]As a young doctor, John Snow became frustrated⑥ because no one knew how to prevent or treat cholera. In time, he rose to become a famous doctor, and even attended to⑦ Queen Victoria when she gave birth.However, he never lost his desire to destroy cholera once and for all⑧. [1]是复合句。句中because引导原因状语从句；how to prevent or treat cholera为“疑问词＋to do”结构作宾语。 In general, doctors in those days had two contradictory⑨ theories to explain how cholera spread.One theory was that bad air caused the disease.The other was that cholera was caused by an infection⑩ from germs⑪ in food or water.Snow subscribed to⑫ the second theory.It was correct, but he still needed proof⑬.Consequently⑭， when an outbreak of cholera hit London in 1854, Snow began to investigate.[2]He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days. He was determined to⑮ find out why. [2]是复合句。句中第一个that引导宾语从句；so...that...在句中引导结果状语从句。 [3]Snow began by marking on a map the exact places where all those who died had lived. There were multiple⑯ deaths near the water pump⑰ in Broad Street (especially house numbers 16, 37, 38, and 40).However, some households⑱ (such as 20 and 21 Broad Street, and 8 and 9 Cambridge Street) had had no deaths.These people worked in the pub at 7 Cambridge Street.They had been given free beer, and so had not drunk the water from the pump.Snow suspected⑲ that the water pump was to blame⑳.What is more, in another part of London, a woman and her daughter had died of cholera after moving away from Broad Street.[4]It seemed that the woman liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day. As a result of this evidence, John Snow was able to announce that the pump water carried cholera germs.Accordingly, he had the handle㉑of the pump removed so that it could not be used.Through this intervention㉒, the disease was stopped in its tracks. [3]是复合句。where和who均在句中引导定语从句。 [4]句中第一个that 引导表语从句；第二个that 引导结果状语从句；had it delivered是“have＋宾语＋过去分词作宾语补足语”结构。 The truth was that the water from the Broad Street pump had been infected by waste.Moreover, Snow was later able to show a link㉓ between other cases of cholera and the different water companies in London.Some companies sold water from the River Thames that was polluted by raw㉔ waste.[5]The people who drank this water were much more likely to㉕ get cholera than those who drank pure㉖ or boiled water. [5]是复合句。than引导比较状语； 两个who引导的都是定语从句， 分别修饰The people和those。much是副词，修饰比较级more likely。 Through Snow's tireless efforts, water companies began to sell clean water, and the threat of cholera around the world saw a substantial decrease㉗.However, cholera is still a problem.Each year, millions of people around the world get cholera and many die from it.Fortunately, we now know how to prevent cholera, thanks to㉘ the work of John Snow.Moreover, in his use of maps and statistics㉙, Snow transformed㉚ the way scientists study diseases.For this reason, Snow is considered the father of modern epidemiology㉛. ◎ ①cholera n．霍乱 ②used to do/be 过去常常 ③severe adj.极为恶劣的；十分严重的； 严厉的 severe diarrhoea 严重腹泻 ④dehydration n．脱水 ⑤hit(＝strike) v．侵袭，袭击 ⑥frustrated adj.懊恼的； 沮丧的； 失意的 ⑦attend to 照料；处理；致力于 ⑧once and for all 最终地；彻底地 ⑨contradictory adj.相互矛盾的； 对立的； 不一致的 ⑩infection n．感染；传染 infect v．使感染； 传染 ⑪germ n．微生物； 细菌； 病菌 ⑫subscribe to 同意； 赞同 ⑬proof n．证据；证明； 检验 ⑭consequently adv.因此；所以 ⑮be determined to do sth 决心做某事 determined adj.坚决的，有决心的 determine vt.决定；确定；下定决心 ⑯multiple adj.数量多的； 多种多样的 ⑰water pump 水泵 ⑱household n．一家人；家庭；同住一所(套)房子的人 ⑲suspect vt.& vi.怀疑； 疑有； 不信任n.犯罪嫌疑人；可疑对象 ⑳blame vt.把……归咎于；责怪；指责n.责备；指责 be to blame 应负责任 ㉑handle n．把手；拉手；柄 vt.处理；搬动；操纵(车辆、动物、工具等) ㉒intervention n．介入；出面；干涉 ㉓link n．联系；纽带 vt.把……连接起来；相关联 ㉔raw adj.未煮的；生的；未经处理的；原始的 ㉕be likely to do 很可能(＝it is likely that...) ㉖pure adj.干净的；纯的；纯粹的 ㉗substantial decrease 大幅减少 substantial adj.大量的； 价值巨大的；重大的 decrease n．减少；降低；减少量 vt.& vi.(使大小、数量等) 减少；减小；降低 ㉘thanks to 幸亏； 由于 ㉙statistic n．[pl.­s]统计数字； 统计资料； 统计学 ㉚transform vt.使改观； 使改变形态 vi.改变； 转变 ㉛epidemiology n．流行病学 ◎ 约翰·斯诺战胜“霍乱王” 在英国医生约翰·斯诺向人们展示如何战胜霍乱之前，霍乱曾是世界上最令人恐惧的疾病之一。它可导致严重腹泻、脱水甚至死亡。十九世纪初，霍乱暴发，肆虐欧洲，数百万人丧命。由于当时无人知道如何预防或治疗霍乱，年轻的约翰·斯诺医生很沮丧。后来，他成了一位名医，甚至照料分娩的维多利亚女王。然而，他始终没有放弃彻底根除霍乱的愿望。 关于霍乱的蔓延方式，当时医生大体上有两种截然不同的看法。一种看法是空气污染引发，另一种看法是食物或饮用水中的细菌感染导致霍乱。斯诺赞同第二种看法。这一看法是正确的，但他仍需要证据。因此，1854年伦敦暴发霍乱时，斯诺便开始调查。他发现霍乱疫情在两条街道上尤为严重，十天内就有500多人死亡。他决心查明原因。 斯诺首先在地图上标出所有死者住所的确切位置。宽街水泵附近有多例死亡(尤其是16号、37号、38号及40号住宅)，但是有些住户(如宽街20号和21号以及剑桥街8号和9号)却无人死亡。这些幸存者在剑桥街7号的酒吧工作，酒吧为他们提供免费啤酒，因此没有喝水泵抽上来的水。斯诺怀疑水泵就是罪魁祸首。此外，在伦敦的另一个区域，一名妇女和她的女儿从宽街搬来后死于霍乱。该妇女似乎非常喜欢从水泵抽上来的水，每天都让人从那里打水运到家里来。有了这个证据，约翰·斯诺就能够宣布水泵抽上来的水携带霍乱病菌。于是，他让人拆掉了水泵的把手，这样水泵就用不成了。这一干预举措遏制了疾病的蔓延。 事情的真相是宽街水泵抽上来的水被废弃物污染了。此外，斯诺之后还证明了另外几起霍乱病例与伦敦多家饮用水公司有关。有些公司出售的水取自被未处理的废弃物污染的泰晤士河。与饮用纯净水或开水的人相比，饮用被污染的水的人更容易染上霍乱。 经过斯诺的不懈努力，饮用水公司开始出售洁净水，世界各地霍乱的威胁大幅降低。然而，霍乱仍是问题。每年全球有数百万人感染霍乱，其中许多人因此丧生。幸运的是，由于约翰·斯诺的努力，我们现在知道了如何预防霍乱。此外，通过使用地图和数据，斯诺改变了科学家研究疾病的方式。因此，斯诺被誉为现代流行病学之父。 frustrated adj.懊恼的；沮丧的；失意的(联想：frustrate vt.挫败；阻挠；使感到灰心　frustration n．懊恼；沮丧　frustrating adj.令人沮丧的) 【教材原句】　As a young doctor, John Snow became frustrated because no one knew how to prevent or treat cholera. 由于当时无人知道如何预防或治疗霍乱，年轻的约翰·斯诺医生很沮丧。 【要点归纳】 (1)be frustrated at/with... 对……感到沮丧/懊恼 (2)with frustration 失望 【佳句必背】　Exhausted and frustrated from the long day of searching for a job, she sat down at a small, worn­out table in a café.(读后续写之心理描写) 经过漫长的一天求职，她感到疲惫不堪、沮丧至极，坐在一家咖啡馆里的一张破旧小桌旁。 【练透考点】　单句语法填空 ①I was frustrated (frustrate) at my poor performance in the contest and tears welled up in my eyes. ②Finding your first job can be both a rewarding and frustrating (frustrate) experience. ③Despite his best efforts to explain the concept, the students' lack of understanding only added to his frustration (frustrate) as a teacher. 【写成佳句】　完成句子 ④(读后续写之心理描写)既沮丧又失望，我感觉我仿佛被扔进了一个无尽的黑暗世界中。 Frustrated and disappointed，I felt as if I were thrown into a world of limitless darkness. suspect vt.& vi.怀疑；疑有；不信任 n．犯罪嫌疑人；可疑对象 【教材原句】　Snow suspected that the water pump was to blame. 斯诺怀疑水泵就是罪魁祸首。 【要点归纳】 suspect...to be... 怀疑……是…… suspect sb of (doing) sth 怀疑某人(做过)某事 suspect that... 怀疑…… 【佳句必背】　She noticed Jose spent a considerable amount of time in his car, suspecting he had fallen on hard times. 她注意到约瑟花了相当多的时间在他的车里，怀疑他陷入了困境。 【练透考点】　单句语法填空 ①(读后续写之情绪描写)But Jane had nobody to prove her words.Being suspected (suspect) and feeling sad, Jane burst out crying. ②Two suspects (suspect) in connection with the case are now being questioned. ③The middle­aged man was suspected (suspect) to be a murderer because he had a conflict with the victim. 【写成佳句】　完成句子 ④侦探一看到嫌疑人，就怀疑他没有说实话。 As soon as the detective saw the suspect, he suspected that the man was not telling the truth. blame vt.把……归咎于；责怪；指责 n．责备；指责 【教材原句】　Snow suspected that the water pump was to blame. 斯诺怀疑水泵就是罪魁祸首。 【要点归纳】 (1)blame sb for (doing) sth 责备某人(做了)某事 blame sth on sb 把某事归咎于某人 be to blame (for) 应(为……)承担责任；该(为……)受责备 (2)accept/bear/take the blame for sth 对某事负责任 put the blame on 把责任归咎于…… 【佳句必背】　 When getting along with others, we shouldn't always blame others for mistakes.On the contrary, we should communicate more and put ourselves in others' place instead of blaming each other.(应用文之建议信)当和他人相处时，我们不应该总是把错误归咎于他人。相反，我们应该多交流、 换位思考而不是相互责怪。 【练透考点】　单句语法填空 ①The teaching assistant was to blame (blame) for the severe mistake. ②Blamed (blame) for the breakdown of the school computer network, Alice was in low spirits. ③He spent the whole evening blaming others for the failure, instead of reflecting on his own mistakes. 【写成佳句】　完成句子 ④(读后续写之主旨升华)责怪他人很容易，但在紧急情况下找到解决方案才是真正重要的。 Blaming others is easy, but finding solutions is what truly matters in case of emergency. ⑤玻璃碎了，妈妈不知道该责备谁，因为事情发生时她不在家。 Mother didn't know who was to blame for the broken glass as it happened while she was out. link n．联系；纽带 vt.把……连接起来；相关联 【教材原句】　 Moreover, Snow was later able to show a link between other cases of cholera and the different water companies in London. 此外，斯诺之后还证明了另外几起霍乱病例与伦敦多家饮用水公司有关。 【要点归纳】 (1)link...to/with... 把……与……连接/联系起来 be linked to/with 与……有联系/关系 (2)a link between...and... ……与……之间的关系/联系 【佳句必背】　The study further strengthens the evidence linking smoking with cancer.(应用文之健康话题) 这项研究进一步证实了吸烟与癌症之间的联系。 【练透考点】　单句语法填空 ①There is convincing evidence that skin cancer is linked (link) to exposure to the sun. ②The police suspect there may be a link between the two murders. ③In my opinion，my progress in English is directly linked to/with reading English newspapers every day. 【写成佳句】　完成句子 ④(应用文之健康饮食)健康问题和不良的饮食习惯之间有一定联系，如果我们能充分利用这一联系，那就太好了。 There is a link between health problems and bad eating habits，and as a result，it would be a brilliant idea if we could take full advantage of the link. decrease n．减少；降低；减少量 vt.& vi.(使大小、数量等)减少；减小；降低 【教材原句】　Water companies began to sell clean water, and the threat of cholera around the world saw a substantial decrease. 饮用水公司开始出售洁净水，世界各地霍乱的威胁大幅降低。 【要点归纳】 (1)on the decrease 正在减少 on the increase 正在增加 (2)decrease to... 减少到…… decrease by... 减少了…… decrease in... ……在减少 decrease from...to... 从……减少到…… 【佳句必背】　Teenagers' understanding of ancient Chinese traditions and customs is on the decrease/is decreasing，but thanks to various relevant activities，the number of those who appreciate Chinese traditions is on the increase/is increasing.(应用文之传统文化话题) 青少年对中国古代传统和习俗的了解正在减少，但多亏了各种相关活动，欣赏中国传统的人数正在增加。 【练透考点】　单句语法填空 ①Not enough sleep will have an impact on our health, leading to a decrease in learning efficiency. ②As is shown in the chart, the kinds of wild animals have decreased (decrease) sharply in the past three decades. ③The decreasing (decrease) popularity of print media has led many newspapers to shift their focus to online platforms. 【写成佳句】　完成句子/一句多译 ④(读后续写之景物描写)随着冬季的深入，气温逐渐下降，使得植物难以存活。 As the winter progressed, the temperature gradually decreased, making it difficult for the plants to survive． ⑤由于人类活动，一些稀有动物的数量正在减少。 →Because of human activities，the number of some rare animals is decreasing．(decrease v．) →Because of human activities，the number of some rare animals is on the decrease．(decrease n．) transform vt.使改观；使改变形态 vi.改变；转变(联想：transformation n．变化，转变；改观) 【教材原句】　Moreover, in his use of maps and statistics, Snow transformed the way scientists study diseases.此外，通过使用地图和数据，斯诺改变了科学家研究疾病的方式。 【要点归纳】 transform...into... 使……转变成…… transform sb/sth from... into...把某人/某物从……转变成…… 【佳句必背】　The new AI technology has the potential to transform the way we live and work.这项人工智能新技术有潜力彻底改变我们的生活和工作方式。 【练透考点】　单句语法填空 ①At present, the remarkable development of digital economy is transforming (transform) our modern way of life. 【写成佳句】　完成句子 ②(应用文之感谢信)你的慷慨帮助和善意使我的第一次加拿大之行成为一个难忘的回忆。 Your generous help and kindness transformed my first trip to Canada into an unforgettable memory. thanks to 幸亏；由于 【教材原句】　Fortunately, we now know how to prevent cholera, thanks to the work of John Snow.幸运的是，由于约翰·斯诺的努力，我们现在知道了如何预防霍乱。 【要点归纳】 (1)thanks to＝due to＝because of＝as a result of 因为，由于 (2)thankful adj.感激；欣慰 be thankful to do sth 因做某事而心存感激 【佳句必背】　“Thanks to your encouragement and assistance, I could take part in the cross­country run，” David said，with tears of gratitude shining in his eyes.(读后续写之语言描写) 大卫说：“多亏了你的鼓励和帮助，我才能参加越野长跑。”感激的泪水在他的眼里闪烁。 【写成佳句】　完成句子 ①(应用文之感谢信)我们学校的经费部分来自捐款。感谢那些为我们捐过款的人。 Finance for our school partly comes from donation.Thanks to the people who donated money to us. ②(2023·浙江1月卷)由于北京作为中国首都的悠久历史，几乎每一条胡同都有自己的故事，甚至有一些还跟历史事件有关。 Thanks to Beijing's long history as the capital of China, almost every hutong has its stories, and some are even associated with historic events. until引导的时间状语从句 【教材原句】　Cholera used to be one of the most feared diseases in the world, until a British doctor, John Snow, showed how it could be overcome.在英国医生约翰·斯诺向人们展示如何战胜霍乱之前，霍乱曾是世界上最令人恐惧的疾病之一。 【要点归纳】 (1)not...until...意为“直到……才……”，引导时间状语从句。 (2)倒装结构：“Not until＋时间状语从句或短语＋助动词＋主语＋谓语动词＋其他成分”。 (3)强调句结构：It is/was not until＋时间状语从句或短语＋that＋其他成分。 【佳句必背】　I left the Research Center with confidence，promising that I would keep trying until I finished the project wonderfully.(读后续写之动作描写)我满怀信心地离开了研究中心，并承诺我会继续努力，直到完美地完成这个项目。 【写成佳句】　完成句子/一句多译 ①(读后续写之动作描写)他继续在森林中穿行，直到来到那座古老的废弃房屋。 He kept walking through the forest until he reached the old, abandoned house． ②(读后续写之动作描写)他们熬夜聊天、有说有笑，直到第一缕曙光出现。 They stayed up late, talking and laughing until the first light of dawn appeared． ③(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷读后续写)直到我听到消息，我才意识到自己赢得了比赛。 →Not until I heard the news did I realize that I had won the contest.(倒装句) →It was not until I heard the news that I realized that I had won the contest.(强调句) so...that...如此……以至于…… 【教材原句】　 He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days.他发现霍乱疫情在两条街道上尤为严重，十天内就有500多人死亡。 【要点归纳】 (1)引导结果状语从句的句型： ①so＋adj./adv.＋that... so＋adj.＋a/an＋单数可数名词＋that... so＋many/much/few/little (少)＋n.＋that... ②such＋adj.＋名词复数或不可数名词＋that... such＋a/an＋adj.＋单数可数名词＋that... (2)当so或such位于句首时，主句应用部分倒装语序。 【佳句必背】　The Spoken English Club holds so many activities regularly that it appeals to more and more students.英语口语俱乐部会定期举办很多活动，吸引了越来越多的学生。 【练透考点】　单句语法填空 ①(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷) Some students get so interested in gardening that they bring home seeds to start their own vegetable gardens. ②We were in such an anxious rush when we left that we forgot the airline tickets. 【写成佳句】　完成句子 ③这部电影如此好，以至于我想再看一遍。 It is so good a film/such a good film that I'd like to see it a second time. ④他英语说得如此清晰，以至于别人都能听得懂。 So clearly does he speak English that he can always make himself understood.(倒装句) 1．subscribe to ①He subscribes to the view that we can tackle the severe problem in this way once and for all. B ②This is the school the outstanding and patriotic scientist subscribed to generously in the past. C ③Using the money I earned in the holiday，I have subscribed to multiple magazines recently. A 2．handle A．vt.处理　B．v.操纵　C．n.把手　D．vt.(用手)触、碰、拿 ①Don't handle the vase as if it were made of steel. D ②Driving a car is not just handling controls but judging speed and distance. B ③Tea in China was traditionally drunk from cups without handles. C ④We must learn to handle conflicts calmly and wisely. A [课后分层练1] (时间：45分钟　满分：80分) Ⅰ.单词拼写(每小题1分，共10分) 1．Substantial (大量的) measures should be taken, such as restricting the number of visitors. 2．We import raw (未处理的) materials and energy and export mainly industrial products. 3．“It was perfectly all right，” he said, because the police had not suspected (怀疑) him of anything. 4．Furthermore，on account of the severe (极为恶劣的) weather conditions，we'd better put off the games. 5．What was it that made her transform (改变) from an ordinary woman into a successful lady? 6．I didn't know how to handle (处理) the situation, but an idea suddenly struck me that I could turn to my best friend for help. 7．Do you have any proof (证据) that this man stole your bag? 8．It is a pity that he lost all the statistics (统计数字) because of the sudden breakdown of his computer. 9．The mountain air was so pure (纯净的) that it felt like breathing in fresh energy. 10．The population of endangered species continues to decrease (减少)at an alarming rate. Ⅱ.单句语法填空(每小题1分，共10分) 1．He hoped to find a good way to have his written English improved (improve) in a short period. 2．As far as I am concerned，you are to blame (blame) for the severe mistake. 3．Chinese herbs come from materials that are purely (pure) natural, which have small side effects. 4．This is one proof (prove) that environmental factors have a much higher effect than we thought. 5．To decrease (decrease) the amount of rubbish and to protect the environment, more governments are calling on people to recycle materials. 6．I was overcome with sadness because I was suspected (suspect) of stealing his money. 7．It was not until I settled down and lived in Beijing that I had a chance to pay a visit to the Great Wall. 8．The past 30 years have seen (see) the great changes that have taken place in my hometown. 9．My computer has been linked to the Internet in our office. 10．The magician transformed a bunch of flowers into a rabbit in an instant. Ⅲ.完成句子/句式转换/一句多译(每小题2分，共10分) 1．多亏了这个英语俱乐部，我认识了很多与我有共同兴趣的朋友。 Thanks to the English club, I have known many friends who share the same interest with me. 2．日常生活中发生的事情会改变你看待世界的方式。 Something that happens in your daily life will change the way you look at the world． 3．尚没有证据证明这种生活方式会使人罹患癌症。 There is no proof that this kind of lifestyle causes cancer in humans. 4．Jane didn't let out a cry of regret until she got lost in the forest. →Not until she got lost in the forest did Jane let out a cry of regret.(倒装句) →It was not until she got lost in the forest that Jane let out a cry of regret.(强调句) 5．(读后续写之紧张心理描写)他是如此紧张，以至于他感觉舌头打结，手心出汗。 ①He was so nervous that he felt his tongue tied and palms sweating. ②So nervous was he that he felt his tongue tied and palms sweating.(倒装句) Ⅳ.课文语法填空(每小题1.5分，共15分) In the early 19th century，an outbreak of cholera hit Europe，1 causing (cause) millions of deaths.Seeing this，John Snow became 2 frustrated (frustrate) because no one knew how to prevent or treat cholera.At that time，doctors 3 had (have) two theories to explain how cholera spread.When an outbreak of cholera hit London in 1854, John Snow discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was 4 so severe that over 500 people died in ten days.He was determined 5 to find (find) out why.Through his serious investigation，he found it was the pump water in Broad Street containing germs 6 that resulted in the outbreak of cholera.Therefore，he had the handle of the pump 7 removed (remove) so that it could not be used.Through this intervention，the disease was stopped in its tracks. It turned out that the water from the Broad Street pump 8 had been infected (infect) by waste.Moreover，Snow was later able to show a link 9 between other cases of cholera and the different water companies in London.Through Snow's tireless efforts, the threat of cholera around the world saw a substantial decrease.10 Fortunately (fortunate), we now know how to prevent cholera，thanks to the work of John Snow. Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，共20分) A “I want to work full­time in China, honey.” An overseas call awakened the wife from sound sleep.“Why？” asked the wife in surprise, in a drowsy (昏昏欲睡的) voice, from the other side of the ocean. In the United States, he had a great future ahead.At the age of 36, he became the youngest professor in the history of the Department of Molecular Biology at Princeton University, for his academic achievements.At 40, he became a tenured (终身的) chair professor at Princeton. When everything seemed perfect and admirable to others, he firmly decided to say goodbye to Princeton University, to an affluent life in the United States, and return to China. The news spread explosively.Many expressed confusion, many persuaded him, many made fun of him, and still many waited to have a good laugh at him. He said patriotism is the plainest feeling of a person.Who doesn't love his motherland, after all? In his heart, the American dream is already something past; the Chinese dream is rising. After returning to China, he devoted all his energy, worked like crazy, and determined to do something big．He formed a life science research team.Every day, he works 12 to 16 hours at his laboratory. He is Shi Yigong, nicknamed “Da Niu” (someone with extraordinary achievements) by Tsinghua students.His given name, Yigong, comes from an idiom that means “devoted to public interest whole­heartedly”．“So far as I'm concerned, awards are of no special meaning，” Shi says calmly. In his 18 years of study in the United States, he never forgot his Chinese dream.In the next 18 years, the Chinese dream will be more beautiful and greater by the efforts of Shi Yigong and the likes of him. [语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要叙述了在美国前途无量的施一公，因为无法割舍的爱国之情，毅然告别美国，回到中国，为祖国服务，实现自己的中国梦。 1．Why was Shi determined to return to China? A．To reunite with his wife. B．To serve his motherland. C．To live a quieter life. D．To prove his own value. 解析：选B。推理判断题。根据倒数第三段“回到中国后，他投入了全部的精力，疯狂地工作，决心做一番大事业。他组建了一个生命科学研究小组。他每天在实验室工作12到16个小时”可知，施一公回到祖国之后，努力做科学研究，目的是为自己的祖国做贡献。故选B。 2．What does the underlined word “affluent” in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Normal. B．Miserable. C．Wealthy. D．Lonely. 解析：选C。词义猜测题。根据上文可知，施一公在美国有着非凡的学术成就，成为普林斯顿大学的终身教授，有着完美的令人羡慕的生活，可推断他告别的是美国“富足的”生活；wealthy意为“富裕的”，与affluent意思接近。故选C。 3．What can we know about Shi Yigong? A．His decision was well­received. B．He doesn't care much about fame. C．He is the youngest professor in history. D．His Chinese dream will be realized in 18 years. 解析：选B。细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“‘So far as I'm concerned, awards are of no special meaning，’ Shi says calmly.”可知，施一公并不在乎自己获得的奖项，也就是不在乎奖项所代表的名声。故选B。 4．Why is Shi Yigong called “Da Niu” by Tsinghua students? A．To support his life science research. B．To praise his devotion to the public. C．To show their admiration for his unusual achievements. D．To introduce his endless energy in work. 解析：选C。推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“He is Shi Yigong, nicknamed ‘Da Niu’ (someone with extraordinary achievements) by Tsinghua students.”可知，学生给他取名“大牛”是为了显示学生们对施一公取得非凡成就的佩服。故选C。 B (2025·重庆检测)In a world where environmental concerns are at the forefront, a young and innovative student has made a significant mark. Madison Checketts, during her leisurely walks along her favourite beach in California, US, was met with a frustrating sight.The once­beautiful shoreline was then packed with wasted plastic water bottles, a cruel reminder of the global plastic pollution crisis.For Madison, who held this beach dear to her heart, seeing it ruined by these non­biodegradable items was deeply upset. The astonishing statistic that Americans cast away 60 million plastic bottles daily, with many of them ultimately ending up in landfills or the vast ocean, was a call to action she couldn't ignore. Driven by a strong sense of responsibility, Madison headed home and immediately set to work on seeking an eco­friendly solution.She named her creative water bottle the Eco­Hero.The magic behind this unique water bottle lies in its material calcium lactate (乳酸钙), a chemical compound.When processed, it undergoes a fascinating transformation from a soft material into a solid, edible shell.This not only makes the Eco­Hero an environmentally friendly option, as it is biodegradable and can break down naturally over time, but also offers a novel and enjoyable experience.The bottle has a delicate sweet flavour, which even gives the water inside a subtle sweet taste. Madison's remarkable invention has rightfully earned her a spot in the final of a renowned US science competition for young people.Beyond the prizes, she has a far­reaching aspiration.She hopes that her Eco­Hero will serve as a motivation, inspiring countless other young students to take steps, no matter how small, towards making the world a more sustainable and beautiful place. [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了Madison Checketts发明环保水瓶Eco­Hero的过程及意义。 5．What made Madison Checketts decide to create the Eco­Hero? A．The drive to protect her favourite beach. B．The high prize of the science competition. C．The dream of becoming a famous inventor． D．The cruel statistics of the global plastic pollution. 解析：选A。推理判断题。由文章第二段、第三段以及第四段的“Driven by a strong sense of responsibility, Madison headed home and immediately set to work on seeking an eco­friendly solution.”可知，麦迪逊非常珍视她最喜欢的这片海滩，看到海滩被不可降解的塑料瓶破坏让她很沮丧，所以保护这片她喜爱的海滩的动力促使她决定创造“Eco­Hero”水瓶。故选A。 6．What can we infer from the passage about the Eco­Hero? A．It will replace traditional plastic bottles soon. B．It is good for the environment and interesting. C．It is more expensive than ordinary plastic bottles. D．It has a strong sweet flavour that people may dislike. 解析：选B。推理判断题。由文章第四段中“This not only makes the Eco­Hero an environmentally friendly option, as it is biodegradable and can break down naturally over time, but also offers a novel and enjoyable experience.The bottle has a delicate sweet flavour, which even gives the water inside a subtle sweet taste.”可知，Eco­Hero对环境有益且有趣。故选B。 7．What can we know about Madison's participation in the science competition? A．She'll profit a lot from the competition. B．Her school strongly supported her invention. C．All finalists focus on plastic­related solutions． D．The competition values environmental inventions. 解析：选D。推理判断题。由文章最后一段中“Madison's remarkable invention has rightfully earned her a spot in the final of a renowned US science competition for young people.”以及前文Madison Checketts发明环保水瓶Eco­Hero的过程，可知这个竞赛重视环保发明。故选D。 8．Which of the following could best describe Madison Checketts? A．Adaptable and cautious. B．Ambitious and competitive. C．Imaginative and responsible. D．Detail­oriented and persistent. 解析：选C。推理判断题。由文章第四段以及最后一段中“She hopes that her Eco­Hero will serve as a motivation, inspiring countless other young students to take steps, no matter how small, towards making the world a more sustainable and beautiful place.”可知，Madison富有责任感和想象力。故选C。 Ⅱ.完形填空(每小题1分，共15分) (2025·四川德阳期末)Heman Bekele, a 15­year­old talent, has been honored as TIME’s Kid of the Year for 2024.This Ethiopian­born American teenager has 1 a groundbreaking idea—a soap that could 2 treat skin cancer.He is currently 3 with scientists, including Vito Rebecca from Johns Hopkins University, to test his concept. Heman's journey began in Ethiopia, where his family moved to the United States when he was just four.He 4 people working outdoors in the sun without protection, which led him to learn about the dangers of cancer and the importance of skin protection from his parents.Skin cancer, while 5 ， often requires expensive treatment, motivating Heman to find a more accessible 6 ． As a curious child, Heman loved mixing different liquids.When he was seven, he discovered a(n) 7 called “imiquimod” from a magazine that can help fight skin cancer.He thought of the idea of mixing this medicine into a 8 bar, 9 tiny particles to deliver the treatment to the skin. Last year, Heman created a video 10 his idea to the 3M Young Scientist Challenge.His creative 11 impressed the judges, and he won the contest, receiving a ＄25，000 12 and the opportunity to cooperate with mentor scientists.Heman and Dr.Rebecca are now conducting tests to determine the soap's 13 in treating skin cancer in mice. As a 14 teenager, Heman knows that developing his soap will take time and effort, but he remains committed to his 15 ．He encourages other young people to contribute to making the world a better place. [语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一个名叫Heman Bekele的15岁少年，他因发明了一种可能治疗皮肤癌的肥皂而被《时代》杂志评为“2024年度儿童”。 1． A．taken over B．caught up with C．run over D．come up with 解析：选D。根据下文a soap that could 2 treat skin cancer可知，Heman想出了一个好的主意。故选D。 2． A．finally B．completely C．possibly D．fortunately 解析：选C。根据下文中的“test his concept”可知，这个想法还有待验证，由此可知，这种肥皂有可能治疗皮肤癌。故选C。 3． A．working B．dealing C．discussing D．struggling 解析：选A。根据下文中的“cooperate with”可推测，他正在和科学家们合作。故选A。 4． A．heard B．imagined C．observed D．felt 解析：选C。根据空后“people working outdoors in the sun without protection，”可知，空后是Heman所观察到的现象。故选C。 5． A．desirable B．treatable C．available D．reasonable 解析：选B。根据空后“often requires expensive treatment”以及空前的“while”可推测，空处指的是皮肤癌虽然可以治疗，但是治疗费用昂贵。故选B。 6． A．solution B．function C．description D．attraction 解析：选A。根据上文可知，Heman知道皮肤癌虽然可以治疗但是需要昂贵的治疗费用，由此可知，他希望能够找到一种更易接受的解决方案。故选A。 7． A．medicine B．trick C．advertisement D．surgery 解析：选A。根据空后“called ‘imiquimod’ from a magazine that can help fight skin cancer.”可知，这是一种药物。故选A。 8． A．chocolate B．metal C．soap D．candy 解析：选C。根据下文可知，他产生了将药物融入肥皂的想法。故选C。 9． A．stopping B．employing C．ordering D．curing 解析：选B。根据空后的“tiny particles to deliver the treatment to the skin.”以及上文所提及的想要治疗皮肤癌可知，这种想法是利用微小颗粒将治疗成分输送到皮肤上。故选B。 10．A．selling B．admitting C．explaining D．sending 解析：选C。根据上文“Heman created a video”以及空后“his idea to the 3M Young Scientist Challenge”可知，Heman制作视频是为了将自己的想法解释给3M青年科学家挑战赛。故选C。 11．A．production B．trend C．approach D．donation 解析：选C。根据上文可知，空处指的是他这种富有创意的治疗皮肤癌的方法。故选C。 12．A．salary B．profit C．earning D．prize 解析：选D。根据上文“a ＄25，000”以及空后的“the opportunity to cooperate with mentor scientists”可知，赢得比赛可获得2.5万美元奖金。故选D。 13．A．effectiveness B．interaction C．accuracy D．permission 解析：选A。根据上文可知，他们进行测试是为了检验自己的想法，也就是这种肥皂对治疗老鼠皮肤癌的有效性。故选A。 14．A．determined B．weak C．shy D．talkative 解析：选A。根据下文以及全文内容可知，他是个意志坚定的少年。故选A。 15．A．mood B．goal C．profession D．employer 解析：选B。根据上文“Heman knows that developing his soap will take time and effort”以及空前的“but”可知，尽管Heman明白开发这种肥皂需要投入时间和精力，但他始终坚守自己的目标。故选B。 Section Ⅱ　Learning About Language—Predicative clauses 分析下列课文原句 1．One theory was that bad air caused the disease. 2．The other was that cholera was caused by an infection from germs in food or water. 3．It seemed that the woman liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day. 4．The truth was that the water from the Broad Street pump had been infected by waste. 【我的感悟】 加黑处均为表语从句，that在句中只起连接作用，不作成分，无实际含义。 一、概念 在主从复合句中充当表语的从句，叫作表语从句。它常位于系动词之后，用来说明主语的身份或特征。 二、表语从句的引导词 1．that引导表语从句，在句子中无意义，不充当句子成分，不可省略。 ①The good news is that we Chinese are warm and friendly, so you needn't worry too much about not understanding Chinese customs.(应用文之推荐信) 好消息是我们中国人热情友好，所以你不必太担心不了解中国的习俗。 ②The trouble is that she hasn't found enough proof. 问题是她还没有找到足够的证据。 2．whether引导表语从句，不充当句子成分，意为“是否”，不能与if互换。 The question is whether your parents will subscribe to your plan to travel to Xizang this summer holiday.(应用文之建议信) 问题是你的父母是否会同意你这个暑假去西藏旅行的计划。 3．连接代词who/whom/whose/what/which引导表语从句，在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语。 ①The problem is who is willing to defend for the suspect in the court. 问题是谁愿意在法庭上为这个嫌疑犯辩护。 ②A rich knowledge of aerospace science is what makes you stand out in the future interviews.(应用文之招募启事) 丰富的航天科学知识会让你在之后的面试中脱颖而出。 4．连接副词when/where/why引导表语从句，在从句中充当状语，可以表时间、地点、原因等。 ①This is where our basic interest lies. 这就是我们的根本利益所在。 ②That's why I strongly recommend it to anyone who loves reading.(应用文之推荐信) 那就是我把它强烈推荐给所有热爱阅读的人的原因。 5．because，as if/as though等引导表语从句。 ①That's because you don't know how to handle this kind of crisis. 那是因为你不知道如何应对这类危机。 ②Every time I listen to the song, it feels as if a river is spreading before me. 每当听这首歌的时候，我就感觉一条河流在面前流淌。 ————即学即练1———— 单句语法填空/完成句子 ①The good news is that it's simple to learn and can be worth the effort. ②What people forget is that the Italians, when they came to Australia, brought 2，000 years of their culture. ③(应用文之求助信)我最困惑的是我在选择专业时应该注意什么。 What puzzles me most is what I should pay attention to when choosing a major. ④真正让我失望的是你的助手没有解决这个问题。 What really disappointed me was that your assistant didn't solve the problem． 三、注意事项 1．why和because引导表语从句的区别 That's why...意为“那是……的原因”，强调结果 That's because...意为“那是因为……”，强调原因 ①That was why I managed to get a satisfying grade in the exam. 那就是我努力在考试中取得令人满意的成绩的原因。 ②That is because they don't get a good habit of reading or they overuse their eyes watching TV or playing computer games. 那是因为他们没有养成阅读的好习惯，或者看电视或玩电脑游戏用眼过度。 2．reason作主语或主语中包含事件的起因时，或后面的表语从句表示原因时，要用that来引导，而不是because。 The reason for my absence is that I have to take care of my little sister. 我缺席的原因是我必须照顾我年幼的妹妹。 3．表语从句中的虚拟语气 在表语从句中，表示间接的命令、要求、请求、建议、决定等，主句中的主语通常是：advice，suggestion，proposal，request，order，desire, demand等，从句谓语形式是“should＋动词原形(should可以省略)”。 My suggestion is that you (should) get yourself involved in music activities, such as singing and composing.(应用文之建议信) 我的建议是你去参加音乐活动，比如唱歌和作曲。 ————即学即练2———— 单句语法填空/完成句子 ①(2023·全国乙卷书面表达)It is important for us to master some basic living skills to prepare us for our future life.That is why I learned how to cook during the May Day holidays. ②(应用文之建议信)Another effective suggestion is that you (should) take (take) more physical exercise. ③The reason is that Chinese acupuncture can build up people's body and have no side effects. ④(应用文之建议信)最重要的建议是你应该在课前和课后读英语书。 The most important advice is that you (should) read English books before and after class. 语法填空 Science is simply 1.what you can do.And doing science makes you a scientist! So what do scientists do? Actually, what matters is not only 2.what they observe in the world around them and 3.what questions they ask, but also 4.how they use evidence or data to answer the questions.They identify useful data and take new measurements.Some of the key issues that scientists face are 5.what calculations they do and 6.how they analyse their data to draw conclusions about the questions they ask.The final issue, 7.which many believe to be the most important, is 8.why they need to communicate their results.This is 9.because they want everyone to benefit from their work! It seems 10.that science is all around us.You see, by doing science, scientists get a better understanding of the world around them and share that understanding with the whole world. 单句语法填空 1．(2024·新高考Ⅱ卷语法填空) If most of their customers are happy to buy larger quantities, that's what they'll promote.But that leaves the solo (单独) customers out of pocket and disappointed． 2．(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷) They also need to be ready to give interviews in English with international journalists．This is why they need an English trainer. 3．(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷读后续写改编) He always participated to the best of his ability in whatever they were doing.That was why none of the children thought it unusual that David had decided to join the cross­country team. 4．(2021·天津卷)What puzzles Lily's friends is why she always has so many crazy ideas. [课后分层练2] (时间：40分钟　满分：63分) Ⅰ.单句语法填空(每小题1分，共8分) 1．What the doctors really doubt is whether my mother will defeat the serious illness. 2．You are saying that everyone has already had equal rights, and this is where I disagree. 3．One reason for her preference for city life is that she can have easy access to places like shops and restaurants. 4．As is well known to all, the Spring Festival is when the family are reunited and celebrate the new year. 5．My last question is whether I can be permitted to attend the local university in China for one year. 6．What appeals to me most is how you get used to your daily routine in micro­gravity. 7．The truth is that everyone will have one of those periods when things seem to be going wrong. 8．Some people believe that making contributions to the society is where their happiness lies. Ⅱ.完成句子(每小题2分，共10分) 1．第二个原因是他们有太多来自学习和工作的压力。 The second reason is that they have too much pressure from study and work. 2．我第一次接触京剧是在我还是婴儿的时候。 My first experience with Beijing Opera was when I was a baby． 3．那就是我想推荐给你的，希望你能采纳我的想法。 That is what I would like to recommend to you, and I hope my idea can be taken. 4．尽可能多练习就是秘诀所在。 To practice as much as possible is where the secret lies． 5．我十分享受运动的节奏，感觉我好像在一个美丽的舞台上跳舞。 I enjoy the rhythm of the exercise a lot and I feel as if I were dancing on a beautiful stage. Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，共17.5分) A Antarctica Classic 11 days, Ushuaia to Ushuaia (＄5, 329 per person). Itinerary Notes This trip is assigned a Physical Rating of 2.It is accessible to most fitness levels and for those able to do extended walks and light hiking.It is important to note that for landings in Antarctica we use Zodiacs (快艇) and wet beach landings in what sometimes can be extreme environments.This will require you to be able to safely navigate ice and snow on uneven ground, to lift your leg over the side of a Zodiac and push yourself up, walk on wet, rocky beaches and stand throughout the landing with no place to sit.Our expedition team is there to assist you if needed but having good mobility is important for your safety and enjoyment.For visual examples of the zodiac landings and activities please click here: the Excursions (探险) Image Gallery on the Expedition landing page. Travel Style: Marine Small­ship adventures on the world's great seas, rivers, and other places only accessible by boat. Physical Rating: 2­Light Light walking and hiking suitable for most fitness levels.Nothing too challenging. Age requirement: 10＋ All travellers under age 18 must be accompanied by an adult. What's Included 9 nights aboard the G Expedition Cruise. 1 night hotel in Ushuaia, on a twin share basis. Zodiac excursions with our expert team. Lectures and educational programs. Waterproof boots supplied for USA sizes 4－16. Accommodations Twin­share hotel (1 night), aboard the G Expedition in quad­， triple­， twin­share cabins, or suites (all with en suite bathrooms and porthole or window，9 nights).Please note that all cabins consist of twin­size berths and are ocean­facing.Suites have one queen­size bed. Meals 10 breakfasts, 8 lunches，9 dinners.Drinks and tips on board not included. [语篇解读]本文是一篇应用文。文章详细介绍了一个名为“Antarctica Classic”的南极旅行产品。 1．What is required of participants for the landings in Antarctica? A．High fitness levels for intense hiking. B．Excellent swimming skills in cold water. C．Ability to move safely on rough surfaces. D．Abundant experience with extreme weather． 解析：选C。细节理解题。根据Itinerary Notes下的内容可知，在南极洲登陆的参与者需要能够在崎岖的地面上安全移动。故选C。 2．Which items are covered in the cost of the trip? A．Flights to Ushuaia. B．Drinks and tips on board. C．Waterproof boots for all sizes. D．Lectures and educational programs. 解析：选D。细节理解题。根据What's Included下的“Lectures and educational programs.”可知，旅行费用包括讲座和教育项目。故选D。 3．Where can you possibly find the passage? A．A chapter from a geography textbook. B．A notice in a tourist information center. C．A travel journal from a popular blogger. D．An advertisement on a traveling website. 解析：选D。推理判断题。综观全文可知，本文介绍了一个名为“Antarctica Classic”的南极旅行产品，包括行程天数、价格、行程特点、旅行风格、身体条件要求、年龄要求、包含的服务项目、住宿条件以及餐饮安排等。由此推知，你可能在旅游网站上的广告中看到这篇文章。故选D。 B (2025·广东广州检测)The ability to detect a nearby presence without seeing or touching it may sound fantastical—but it's a real ability that some creatures have.A family of African fish known as Momyrids are weakly electric, and have special organs that can locate a nearby target, even when it's hiding in the mud.Scientists have now developed an artificial sensor system modelled on the ability of these fish. “We developed a new strategy for 3D motion positioning by electronic skin, bio­inspired by ‘electric fish’，” says Dr.Xinge Yu, an associate professor in the Department of Biomedical Engineering at the City University of Hong Kong.The team described their e­skin sensor in a paper published on November 14 in Nature. The artificial sensor is multi­layered.One layer acts as a transmitter (发射器), which will generate an electric field once activated, and another layer acts as a receiver to detect both the direction and the distance to an object.A separate controller creates the driving signal to activate the transmitter.When an object comes within range, the electric field around the sensor is disrupted, which in turn can be detected by the receiver.This data is then processed by a microcontroller unit, which computes the position of the target object and sends that information to a smartphone or other devices. A special biogel (生物凝胶) is used in the sensor, which has the ability to transmit and receive electric signals from a pattern of microchannels on the surface.The end result is a sensor that is thin, soft and flexible, making it easy to adapt to irregular surfaces, such as the human body.In contrast to the traditional sensor system that needs a large number of sensors to achieve spatial positioning, the new system can locate an object precisely in 3D space using just a few sensors.This significantly reduces the power consumption of data collection, transmission, and processing. The researchers hope that this sensor could one day open up a new range of wearable technologies, including sensors for human­machine interaction and thin, flexible e­skin. [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了受非洲电鱼特殊能力的启发，科学家开发出一种人造传感器系统，并阐述了其原理、优势及应用前景。 4．The first paragraph aims to show ． A．the special ability of African fish B．the inspiration for a new invention C．the big challenge of locating objects D．the reason for developing a sensor 解析：选B。推理判断题。根据第一段可知，第一段先介绍了非洲电鱼的特殊能力，接着说明科学家基于此开发出人造传感器系统，所以第一段旨在展示一项新发明的灵感来源。故选B。 5．What does the underlined word “disrupted” in Paragraph 3 mean? A．Disturbed. B．Arranged. C．Enhanced. D．Stabilized. 解析：选A。词句猜测题。结合常识和画线词所在句“When an object comes within range, the electric field around the sensor is disrupted, which in turn can be detected by the receiver.”中“be detected by the receiver”可推知，物体进入传感器范围时，电场被干扰，才会有信号被接收器检测到。所以画线词意为“干扰，扰乱”，与“disturbed”意思相近。故选A项。 6．What is an advantage of the new sensor system? A．Its sensitivity to different stimulations. B．Its adaptation to environmental changes. C．Its efficiency in achieving 3D positioning. D．Its speed in data collection and processing. 解析：选C。细节理解题。根据第四段中“In contrast to the traditional sensor system that needs a large number of sensors to achieve spatial positioning, the new system can locate an object precisely in 3D space using just a few sensors.This significantly reduces the power consumption of data collection, transmission, and processing.”可知，新传感器系统的优势在于它在实现三维定位方面的高效率。故选C。 7．What is the best title for the text? A．Machine Detective “Wears” Flexible E­skin B．Bio­inspired Sensor “Feels” Without Touching C．E­Skin Sensor: The Future of Machine Learning D．Electric Fields: The Frontier of Object Detection 解析：选B。标题归纳题。根据第一段以及第二段可知，文章主要讲述了受非洲电鱼特殊能力的启发，科学家开发出一种人造传感器系统，这种传感器不用触摸就能“感知”物体。B项“Bio inspired Sensor ‘Feels’ Without Touching(受生物启发的传感器不用触摸就能‘感知’)”能概括文章主要内容，最适合做文章标题。故选B。 Ⅱ.阅读七选五(每小题2.5分，共12.5分) (2025·云南西双版纳期末)Have you been wishing to put on your hiking shoes and enter the woods for a little backpacking (背包) trip, but you' re not sure exactly where to start? That's okay! We've got you covered on all the backpacking basics.1( ) Start with a close trip. Find an overnight trip that's not too far away from where you live and try for just a night.This will make you feel safer, and you won't have to take along much heavy equipment during your first attempt.2( ) Over time, you can work up to a tougher trip. Plan ahead. You need to make sure you know where you're going, where you're camping out, where to find water, etc.Be sure to read up on the route you're hiking on, so that you can prepare for your journey in advance! It also includes choosing a route, figuring out when you're going to set off, who you're going with, and what you're going to bring along.3( ) Put safety first. While beautiful, the wilderness can sometimes also be dangerous.4( ) What's worse, there are no hospitals close by.So make sure you know some basic first aid and stay safe and careful when you're on the way. 5( ) When you're backpacking and camping out, it's important to try to leave the space as natural as it was when you found it.If you've made a fire, be sure to put it out and bury it before you head back onto the trip.Also, don't leave any waste or litter behind.Pick up after yourself and take care of the beautiful earth! A．Take care of nature. B．Take advantage of the peace. C．Then, you can finish it more easily. D．You never know what could happen outdoors． E．You should also take time to relax. F．Here are all the things you need to know as a backpacking beginner! G．You can make a checklist to get all these totally prepared. [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了背包旅行初学者需要了解的基础知识。 1．解析：选F。由上文可知，上文引入了背包旅行的基础知识，本空应为一个总结性的句子，概括文章的主题。F项能够承接上文，符合题意。故选F。 2．解析：选C。上文建议新手从短途旅行开始，并说明了这样做的好处，本空应进一步说明短途旅行的好处。C项能够承接上文，说明短途旅行的好处之一，即更容易完成。故选C。 3．解析：选G。上文强调了提前计划的重要性，并列出了需要提前准备的事项，本空应提供一个具体的方法来确保所有事项都得到妥善处理。G项能够承接上文，符合题意。故选G。 4．解析：选D。由上文“Put safety first.”和“While beautiful, the wilderness can sometimes also be dangerous.”可知，上文强调了安全的重要性，并指出荒野可能存在的危险性，本空应进一步强调户外活动的不可预测性和潜在的危险性。D项能够承接上文，符合题意。故选D。 5．解析：选A。下文强调了保护自然环境的重要性，本空应概括下文的内容。A项能够概括下文的内容，符合题意。故选A。 Ⅲ.语法填空(每小题1.5分，共15分) (2025·甘肃兰州检测)DeepSeek, a Chinese­made AI, has recently burst into the global spotlight.It 1 (develop) by a group of talented Chinese researchers with the aim of 2 (advance) artificial intelligence technology. What makes DeepSeek stand out is its powerful capabilities.It can handle a wide range of tasks, from natural language processing 3 image recognition.In natural language processing, it can generate high­quality text, answer complex questions 4 (accurate), and engage in intelligent conversations.When it comes to image recognition, it can identify various objects with 5 (impress) accuracy. The success of DeepSeek is not accidental.It benefits from the continuous investment in AI research in China and the rich talent pool in this field.The researchers behind DeepSeek have made numerous efforts 6 (improve) its algorithms and performance.They have also applied the latest 7 (technology) breakthroughs to the development process． Moreover, DeepSeek has found various 8 (apply) in many industries.In the medical field, it can assist doctors in diagnosing diseases by analyzing medical images and patient data.In the education sector, it can provide personalized learning resources for students.In the business world, it can help companies with market analysis and customer service. As DeepSeek continues to gain popularity, it is playing an increasingly important role in promoting international cooperation in the AI field, 9 shows the world the remarkable achievements of Chinese AI technology and boosts 10 confidence of the Chinese scientific community． [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国制造的人工智能产品DeepSeek的强大功能以及DeepSeek取得成功的重要意义。 1．解析：was/is developed。考查时态、语态。句意：它是由一群才华横溢的中国研究人员开发的，旨在推进人工智能技术。主语It与谓语构成被动关系，该句可理解为客观事实，所以可用一般现在时的被动语态，或理解为发生在过去的动作，所以此处也可以使用一般过去时的被动语态，主语为第三人称单数，谓语用单数。故填was/is developed。 2．解析：advancing。考查非谓语动词。句意：它是由一群才华横溢的中国研究人员开发的，旨在推进人工智能技术。作介词的宾语，用动名词形式。故填advancing。 3．解析：to。考查介词。句意：它可以处理范围广泛的任务，从自然语言处理到图像识别。短语from...to...表示“从……到……”。故填to。 4．解析：accurately。考查副词。句意：在自然语言处理方面，它可以生成高质量的文本，准确回答复杂的问题，并进行智能对话。修饰动词answer用副词accurately，意为“准确地”。故填accurately。 5．解析：impressive。考查形容词。句意：在图像识别方面，它能够以令人印象深刻的精度识别各种物体。修饰名词accuracy用形容词impressive，意为“令人印象深刻的”。故填impressive。 6．解析：to improve。考查非谓语动词。句意：DeepSeek背后的研究人员已经做出了大量努力来改进其算法和性能。短语make efforts to do sth 表示“努力做某事”，所以此处使用动词不定式形式。故填to improve。 7．解析：technological。考查形容词。句意：他们还将最新的技术突破应用到开发过程中。修饰名词breakthroughs用形容词，technology的形容词为technological意为“技术的”符合句意。故填technological。 8．解析：applications。考查名词。句意：此外，DeepSeek已经在许多行业中找到了各种应用。作宾语，用名词，apply的名词是application，意为“应用”，根据上文various可知用复数。故填applications。 9．解析：which。考查定语从句。句意：随着DeepSeek的不断普及，它在推动人工智能领域的国际合作方面发挥着越来越重要的作用，同时向世界展示了中国人工智能技术的卓越成就，增强了中国科学界的信心。非限制性定语从句修饰上文句子，从句缺少主语。故填which。 10．解析：the。考查冠词。句意：随着DeepSeek的不断普及，它在推动人工智能领域的国际合作方面发挥着越来越重要的作用，同时向世界展示了中国人工智能技术的卓越成就，增强了中国科学界的信心。结合句意，此处特指“中国科学界的信心”应用定冠词。故填the。 Section Ⅲ　Using Language pour vt.倒出；倾泻；斟(饮料)；涌出；(雨)倾盆而下 【教材原句】　A non­Newtonian fluid is strange because you can pour it like a liquid, but if you put any pressure on it, it suddenly becomes hard as concrete.非牛顿流体非常奇特，因为你可以像倒液体一样倒它，但如果你对它施加压力，它就会突然变得像混凝土一样坚硬。 【要点归纳】 pour in/into 　　　 涌进 pour out 倒出，涌出；倾吐 pour down (雨)倾盆而下；流下 pour sth into... 朝……里面倒某物 【佳句必背】　He was so worried that sweat began to pour down his face.(读后续写之心理描写) 他很担心， 汗水沿着他的面颊流淌下来。 【练透考点】　单句语法填空 ①When the earthquake happened, our office building shook violently and all the workers poured into/in the street for safety. ②Senior family members, especially parents, should create an atmosphere where children can be encouraged to pour out their heart happily. 【写成佳句】　完成句子 ③(读后续写之环境描写)一天，约翰和奥利弗出去散步，这时天突然黑了下来，大雨倾盆而下。 One day John went out for a walk with Oliver when the sky suddenly got dark.Heavy rain poured down． defend vt.保卫；防守；辩解(联想：defence n．防御；保卫；辩护　defensive adj.防御的；保护的) 【教材原句】　However, after the Songhu Battle broke out in 1932, Qian made the decision to switch his major to aviation because he realised that China needed its own powerful air force to protect and defend the country.不过，1932年淞沪会战爆发后，钱学森意识到中国需要建设强大的空军来保卫国家，因此决定改学航空专业。 【要点归纳】 (1)defend oneself 自卫；为自己辩护 defend against... 抵御…… defend sb from/against... 保护某人免受…… (2)in defence (of) 保卫(……) 【佳句必背】　Mac jumped off the bike，seized the bike and threw it to the wolf with all his strength to defend himself.(读后续写之动作链描写) 麦克跳下自行车，用全力抓起自行车向那只狼丢去，以保护自己。 【练透考点】　单句语法填空 ①People should try their best to defend the environment against/from pollution. ②(2021·全国甲卷)After spending some time looking at all the defensive (defense) equipment at the wall, we decided it was time for some action and what better than to ride on a piece of history! ③The soldiers fought bravely in defence of their country. 【写成佳句】　一句多译 ④(读后续写之动作描写)看到那条凶猛的蛇，他像箭一样冲过去保护儿子。 →Seeing the fierce snake，he rushed to defend his son like an arrow.(defend) →Seeing the fierce snake，he rushed in defence of his son like an arrow.(defence) break out (战争、打斗等不愉快的事情)突然开始；爆发 【教材原句】　However, after the Songhu Battle broke out in 1932, Qian made the decision to switch his major to aviation... 不过，1932年淞沪会战爆发后，钱学森决定改学航空专业…… 【要点归纳】 break away from 　 脱离/挣脱…… break in 插话；破门而入 break into 强行闯入 break up 打碎；结束；(关系等)破裂 break down 出故障；失败；(身体等)垮掉 【佳句必背】　We must break away from the old customs which have a bad influence on our mental and physical health.(应用文之建议信)我们必须摆脱这些对我们身心健康有不良影响的旧风俗。 【练透考点】　单句语法填空 ①I was still sleeping when the fire broke out, and then it spread quickly. ②Last night a thief broke in and stole his camera. 【写成佳句】　完成句子 ③(读后续写之动作描写)得知我的搭档病倒了，我毫不犹豫地像箭一样冲向医院。 Learning that my partner broke down，I dashed to the hospital without hesitation like an arrow. ④她决定摆脱生活中的负面影响，和积极向上的人相处。 She decided to break away from the negative influences in her life，surrounding herself with uplifting individuals. in charge of 主管；掌管 【教材原句】　He received a hero's welcome from his homeland and was put in charge of not only developing China's rocket science but also its space and missile programme. 他受到了祖国英雄般的欢迎，受命发展中国的火箭科学以及航天和导弹项目。 【要点归纳】 (1)charge n.费用，价钱；主管，负责 in the charge of 由……负责；被……掌管 take charge of 负责/掌控(表动作) free of charge 免费 (2)charge v.收费；指控；(给……)充电 charge (sb) for sth 为……(向某人)收费/要价 charge sb with (doing) sth 指控某人(做)某事 【佳句必背】　The activity of this “Foreign Language Festival” will be in the charge of the Students' Union. 这次的“外语节”活动由学生会负责。 【写成佳句】　完成句子/一句多译 ①他被指控在比赛结束后制造骚乱。 He was charged with disturbance after the game. ②他提出免费为任何有需要的人修理自行车。 He offered to fix bikes free of charge for anyone who needed it. ③汤姆在老板不在时负责这家公司。 →The company is in the charge of Tom while the boss is away. →Tom is in charge of the company while the boss is away. →Tom takes charge of the company while the boss is away. ④这次英语演讲比赛将由我负责。 →The English speech competition will be in the charge of me． →I will be in/take charge of the English speech competition． come down with 患(病)；染上(小病) 【教材原句】　Since he came down with a disease which caused him to lose the use of most of his muscles, his world became one of abstract thought. 他因患病致使其大部分肌肉萎缩无力，他的世界变成了一个抽象思维的世界。 【要点归纳】 come across 　　　 (偶然)遇见，碰见 come about 发生(无被动形式) come up 走近；上来；被提及 come out 出版；结果是；(花)开放 come up with 　　　　　　想出；提出 when it comes to... 当谈到…… 【佳句必背】　I hope you don't come down with anything while traveling.Make sure to take care of yourself.(读后续写之语言描写) 我希望你在旅行中不要生病。一定要照顾好自己。 【练透考点】　用come的相关短语填空 ①When it comes to English learning，I have the following practical suggestions to share with you. ②Reading different books broadens your horizons and helps you come up with your own story plots. ③One day I came across an old friend in the street who told me that his new book would come out soon. ④The shop manager came over and asked the customer how the quarrel had come about． 【写成佳句】　完成句子 ⑤我得了流感，医生坚持让我在家待一个星期左右。 I came down with the flu and my doctor insisted that I should stay home for about a week. “否定词＋比较级”表示最高级含义 【教材原句】　Perhaps no other scientist has had a greater impact on China's aerospace science than Qian Xuesen. 也许再没有哪一位科学家比钱学森对中国航天科学的影响更大了。 【要点归纳】 此句中的否定词no和比较级a greater impact连用，相当于最高级的意义。该句式用法如下： (1)否定词＋比较级＝最高级，意为“没有比……更……；没有像……一样……”，常用的否定词有no，not，never，nothing，nobody，hardly等。 (2)can/could＋never/not＋...＋形容词/副词＋enough＝can/could＋never/not＋...＋too＋形容词/副词，意为“再怎么……也不为过”。 【写成佳句】　完成句子 ①没有一个地方比我们的自习室更适合学习了。 No place is more suitable for studying than our self­study room. ②(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)“没有人比你更热心了。我真是太感谢你了。”大卫激动地说。 “Nobody is more warm­hearted than you．I can't thank you enough，” David said excitedly. ③(读后续写之环境描写)繁星点点，行星闪烁，还有那闪烁的银河，没有什么比夜空更迷人了。 With its countless stars, glowing planets, and the shimmering Milky Way, nothing is more fascinating than the night sky. not only...but (also)...不仅……而且…… 【教材原句】　He received a hero's welcome from his homeland and was put in charge of not only developing China's rocket science but also its space and missile programme.他受到了祖国英雄般的欢迎，受命发展中国的火箭科学以及航天和导弹项目。 【要点归纳】 (1)“not only...but (also)...”连接两个并列成分，如两个主语、宾语、状语等； (2)“not only...but (also)...”连接两个分句，且“not only”位于句首时，第一个分句要部分倒装； (3)“not only...but (also)...”连接两个词作主语时，要根据but also后的词决定谓语动词的单复数形式，即遵循“就近一致”原则。 【佳句必背】　He not only won the championship but also set a new world record.(应用文之人物介绍) 他不仅赢得了冠军，还打破了世界纪录。,【练透考点】　单句语法填空 ①Not only the students but also the English teacher was singing (sing) an English song when I passed the classroom. 【写成佳句】　完成句子/一句多译 ②(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)我从这次比赛中学到了很多，不仅提高了写作能力，还增强了自信心。 I learned a lot from this contest, not only improving my writing skills but also boosting my confidence. ③我们不仅应该为他们筹集资金，而且应该帮助他们重建家园。 →We should not only raise money for them, but we should also help them rebuild their homes. →Not only should we raise money for them, but we should also help them rebuild their homes.(倒装句) 写一篇关于科学精神的短文 ◎ THE FATHER OF CHINA’S AEROSPACE Perhaps no other scientist has had a greater impact on China's aerospace science than Qian Xuesen.[1]Described by the authors of the Story of Qian Xuesen as a man with “great scientific thought and scientific spirit” who was patriotic and served his homeland with effort, achievement, and devotion, Qian was an extremely well­respected man. Born in Shanghai in 1911, Qian attended schools in Beijing and then entered Shanghai Jiao Tong University to study Railway Mechanical Engineering.[2]However, after the Songhu Battle broke out in 1932, Qian made the decision to switch his major to aviation because he realised that China needed its own powerful air force to protect and defend the country. Qian went to the United States in 1935 to pursue his graduate studies.Over the course of the 1930s and 1940s, Qian became a pioneer in American jet and rocket technology.As a graduate assistant at the California Institute of Technology during the 1930s, Qian helped conduct important research into rocket propulsion, and in the 1940s, he and several other people founded the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, now one of NASA's leading space­exploration centres. After overcoming some difficulties during his final few years in the US, Qian returned to China in 1955.He received a hero's welcome from his homeland and was put in charge of not only developing China's rocket science but also its space and missile programme.At that time, China was poor and its rocket science was undeveloped.No institute or university in China offered rocket science as a major, and there were no talents or experts in this field in China.Nevertheless, Qian did not let that discourage him from taking on the challenge.When he was asked “Can we Chinese possibly make missiles？”， his reply was a determined “Why not? We Chinese are able to make the same things that other people make.” Under Qian's leadership, China developed the Dongfeng missiles, followed by the first generation of Long March rockets.In 1970, China successfully launched its first man­made satellite, Dong Fang Hong Ⅰ， from a Long March rocket.Because much of the technology behind the Shenzhou spacecraft can also be traced back to Qian's research, Qian earned the name of “the father of China's aerospace”． Qian read a lot and was extremely knowledgeable, especially in the area of frontier science research.[3]However, what might have made him such an outstanding and creative scientist was probably his strong interest in other things, such as music and drawing. His deep appreciation for art often gave him inspiration in his scientific research. On 31 October 2009, the whole country was saddened by Qian's death, and people honoured and remembered him in different ways. ◎ Ⅰ.重点句式分析 [1]中Described by...为过去分词短语作状语，该短语中含有一个who引导的定语从句。 [2]是复合句。句中after引导时间状语从句，because引导原因状语从句，that引导宾语从句。 [3]中 what...scientist 是what 引导的主语从句，what 在从句中作主语，him作宾语，宾语补足语是such...scientist。“make sb sth/sb”意为“使某人成为……”。 Ⅱ.语言特点分析 1．正式性和学术性：文章整体语言风格较为正式和学术化，适合用于介绍科学家的生平和成就。例如，使用诸如“patriotic(爱国的)”“achievement(成就)”“pioneer(先驱)”“propulsion(推进)”等书面词汇，这些词汇在正式的学术或传记写作中较为常见。 2．使用比喻和形象化语言：文章在描述钱学森的贡献时，使用了一些形象化的语言，使文章更具感染力。例如：“...Qian earned the name of ‘the father of China's aerospace’．”这种比喻不仅突出了钱学森的重要地位，也使读者更容易理解他的贡献。 ◎ 文章整体结构清晰，逻辑严谨，按照时间顺序和主题内容展开，层次分明。从引言部分点明主题，到早年经历、留学美国、回国贡献、主要成就、个人品质，再到结尾的缅怀，每个部分都紧密围绕钱学森的生平和成就展开，既突出了他的科学贡献，也展现了他的人格魅力。这种结构安排使读者能够系统地了解钱学森的一生，同时深刻感受到他对中国的巨大影响。 ◎ 中国航天之父 也许再没有哪一位科学家比钱学森对中国航天科学的影响更大了。钱学森备受人们尊敬。《钱学森的故事》一书作者称他是一位具有“伟大科学思想和科学精神”的人，并且热爱祖国、勤勉努力、甘于奉献、成就斐然。 钱学森1911年生于上海，在北京上学，后来考入上海交通大学，学习铁道机械工程。不过，1932年淞沪会战爆发后，钱学森意识到中国需要建设强大的空军来保卫国家，因此决定改学航空专业。 1935年，钱学森前往美国读研究生。二十世纪三四十年代，钱学森成为美国喷气式飞机和火箭技术的先驱人物。二十世纪三十年代担任加州理工学院的研究生助理时，钱学森协助开展火箭推进方面的重要研究工作。二十世纪四十年代，钱学森与其他几人成立了喷气推进实验室，该实验室现已成为美国宇航局领先的太空探索中心之一。 留学美国的最后几年，钱学森克服困难，于1955年回到中国。他受到了祖国英雄般的欢迎，受命发展中国的火箭科学以及航天和导弹项目。那时候，中国还很贫穷，火箭科学尚不发达。中国没有一所学院或大学开设火箭科学专业，而且没有该领域的人才或专家。然而，钱学森并不气馁，而是接受挑战。有人问他：“我们中国人有可能制造出导弹吗？”他的回答十分坚定：“有什么不能的，外国人能造出来的，我们中国人同样能造出来。” 在钱学森的领导下，中国研制出了“东风”导弹，紧接着又研制出第一代“长征”系列火箭。1970年，中国使用“长征”火箭成功发射本国第一颗人造卫星“东方红一号”。由于“神舟”系列火箭的大部分技术也可追根溯源到钱学森的研究，因此钱学森被誉为“中国航天之父”。 钱学森博览群书，尤其在前沿科学研究领域知识极其渊博。然而，他之所以能成为一名如此杰出、富有创造力的科学家，可能是因为他对音乐、绘画等其他事物的浓厚兴趣。他深厚的艺术鉴赏力时常给科研工作带来灵感。 2009年10月31日，钱学森逝世，举国哀痛，人们以各种方式纪念他、缅怀他。 ◎ 牛顿是世界著名的科学家，请你根据他煮鸡蛋的故事，以“A Story of Newton”为题写一篇文章，并据此发表自己对科学精神的看法。要点如下： 1．牛顿如此投入以至于经常忘却小事； 2．为牛顿做饭的仆人想要出去，让牛顿自己煮鸡蛋； 3．仆人回来发现锅里煮的是他的怀表； 4．对科学精神的看法。 注意：1.词数80左右； 2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 A Story of Newton 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 Step 1　审题谋篇·定框架 审时态 以一般过去时为主，评论部分为一般现在时 审人称 以第三人称为主，评论部分为第一人称 审框架 开头：概括介绍牛顿； 主体：叙述牛顿煮鸡蛋的故事； 结尾：发表自己对科学精神的看法。 Step 2　要点翻译·用佳句 1．牛顿是最杰出、最有天赋的科学家之一。 Newton is one of the most outstanding and gifted scientists． 2．牛顿是如此投入以至于他在日常生活中经常忘却小事。 Newton was so devoted that he often forgot trivial things in his daily life. [升级]So devoted was Newton that he often forgot trivial things in his daily life.(倒装) 3．一个为牛顿做饭的仆人想要出去。他让牛顿自己煮鸡蛋。 A servant cooked for Newton.He wanted to go out．He asked Newton to cook the eggs himself． [升级]A servant who cooked for Newton wanted to go out，asking Newton to cook the eggs himself. (定语从句和现在分词短语作状语) 4．当仆人回来时，他发现锅里煮的不是鸡蛋而是一块怀表。 When the servant came back，what he found was that not eggs but a pocket watch was being cooked in the pot. 5．我们应该通过学习变得知识渊博。我们应该全神贯注于我们正在做的事情。 We should learn to be knowledgeable．We should focus on what we are doing． [升级]Not only should we learn to be knowledgeable but also we should focus on what we are doing.(not only...but also...的倒装句) Step 3　连句成篇·达美文 A Story of Newton Newton is one of the most outstanding and gifted scientists.So devoted was Newton that he often forgot trivial things in his daily life.Once，a servant who cooked for Newton wanted to go out，asking Newton to cook the eggs himself.However，when the servant came back，what he found was that not eggs but a pocket watch was being cooked in the pot. From the story we can learn that to be an outstanding scientist，not only should we learn to be knowledgeable but also we should focus on what we are doing. [课后分层练3] (时间：35分钟　满分：78.5分) Ⅰ.单词拼写(每小题1分，共8分) 1．He just now cast (向……投以) an annoyed look at me，with his hands trembling． 2．As they drove, the sky grew darker and darker and suddenly the rain poured (倾泻) down. 3．The professor's strong leadership (领导才能) ensured that the experiment was carried out smoothly. 4．He set a concrete (具体的) goal for himself and spared no effort to achieve it. 5．You should shift (转移) your focus, because paying too much attention to your grades will make you more nervous. 6．As a matter of fact, it was my fault (过错).So I must make an apology to you. 7．The player's outstanding (杰出的) performance left a deep impression on everyone present. 8．Thanks to her comfort, I got out of the shadow (阴影) of the failure. Ⅱ.单句语法填空(每小题1分，共8分) 1．Some talented (talent) students will present a wonderful show at the Students' Activity Hall. 2．Thanks to your help，I succeeded in becoming a teaching assistant (assist) in a senior high school. 3．It is thought that skills like critical thinking (think) and analysis can be gained through practice． 4．When asked (ask) to explain why she went through a red light, she defended herself vigorously. 5．In my opinion, the way you suggest to deal with clothes is very brilliant (brilliance). 6．The old tea houses in Hangzhou can be traced (trace) back to the Southern Song Dynasty. 7．All the police are trained to defend themselves against/from knife attacks. 8．Initially (initial), it will do harm to our health and may cause short­sightedness. Ⅲ.完成句子(每小题2分，共10分) 1．你必须从你来时的路回去，以免迷路。 You will have to go back the same way that you came to avoid losing your way． 2．车辆噪声很大，她无法让人听到她的声音。 She couldn't make herself heard above the noise of the traffic．(make＋宾语＋宾语补足语) 3．在等她的时候，我正在看一些旧杂志。 While waiting for her, I was reading some old magazines.(while省略句) 4．他不但读了这本书，而且记得所读的内容。 He not only read the book, but also remembered what he had read． 5．在他的领导下，越来越多的年轻人负责杂交水稻的研究。 Under his leadership, more and more young people take charge of/are in charge of the research of hybrid rice. Ⅳ.课文语法填空(每小题1.5分，共15分) When Qian Xuesen was young, he realised China needed air force 1 to defend (defend) the country, so he went to America to study aviation.As a graduate 2 assistant (assist) at the California Institute of Technology, he helped conduct important research into rocket propulsion.Finally, he became a pioneer in jet and rocket technology.3 When Qian Xuesen returned to China in 1955, he was put 4 in charge of not only developing China's rocket science but also its space and missile programme.Under his leadership, China made 5 outstanding (outstand) progress in rockets, missiles and man­made satellites.Because of this, he earned the name of “the father of China's aerospace”． Stephen Hawking was a 6 gifted (gift) scientist.Since he came down 7 with a disease causing him to lose the use of most of his muscles, his world became one of abstract thought.There was a theory on the origin of the universe explaining the universe 8 began (begin) at a single point in time and space.His own work on the big bang theory was proven by astronomers with telescopes and a new star was born.He was brilliant, brave and 9 determined (determine).And he was willing to admit his faults.This odd 10 combination (combine) of characteristics had made him one of the greatest thinkers of modern times. Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，共10分) (2025·河北衡水检测) DeepSeek: Pioneering the Future of Intelligent Solutions In the age of rapid technological development, DeepSeek has become a pioneer in artificial intelligence (AI) and data analytics.It was founded to help industries make intelligent decisions.DeepSeek focuses on creating advanced AI platforms to boost efficiency and productivity in fields like finance, healthcare, education, and logistics. DeepSeek uses advanced technologies such as machine learning, natural language processing (NLP), and predictive analytics.Its main product, an AI data analysis platform, helps organizations handle large amounts of data in real­time.It can generate useful insights and automate decision­making.For example, in healthcare, DeepSeek's algorithms can diagnose diseases more accurately.In finance, its tools can predict market trends and reduce risks. What makes DeepSeek special is its focus on adaptability and ethical AI.The company tries to create transparent AI models that users can trust.Its “Adaptive Learning Framework” allows systems to change according to new data, staying useful in changing situations. Since its start, DeepSeek has received much praise.Industry leaders like its ability to turn AI theory into practical uses.A CFO from a big company said it cut their operational costs by 30% and improved forecasting.Healthcare workers also like how it reduces diagnostic errors.But DeepSeek's success has also started discussions about AI ethics and workforce changes. In the future, DeepSeek plans to work with educational institutions to train AI talent and start community projects to solve problems like climate change.As its CEO said, they want AI to bring progress, not just profit.DeepSeek shows the bright future of AI, and it's ready to change the way industries work. [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍DeepSeek作为一家人工智能和数据分析领域的先锋企业，通过先进的AI技术和平台，助力各行业提升效率和生产力，实现智能决策。 1．Why was DeepSeek founded? A．To develop new video­game technologies. B．To help industries make intelligent decisions. C．To create a social media platform. D．To build self­driving cars. 解析：选B。细节理解题。根据第一段“It was founded to help industries make intelligent decisions.”可知创立DeepSeek是为了帮助行业做出明智的决策。故选B。 2．How does DeepSeek help in the finance field? A．By providing free financial advice to all users. B．By promoting high­risk investments. C．By increasing the complexity of financial regulations. D．By predicting market trends and reducing risks. 解析：选D。细节理解题。根据第二段“In finance, its tools can predict market trends and reduce risks.”可知在金融领域DeepSeek可以预测市场趋势，降低风险。故选D。 3．What makes DeepSeek special? A．Its high­cost products that only large companies can afford. B．Its focus on adaptability and ethical AI. C.Its lack of interest in new technological developments. D．Its preference for working alone rather than collaborating. 解析：选B。细节理解题。根据第三段“What makes DeepSeek special is its focus on adaptability and ethical AI.”可知关注适应性和道德人工智能是DeepSeek的特别之处。故选B。 4．What are DeepSeek's future plans? A．To close down its current business and start a new one. B．To focus only on making more profit without any social contributions. C．To work with educational firms to train AI talent and start community projects. D．To stop using AI technologies and switch to traditional methods. 解析：选C。细节理解题。根据最后一段“In the future, DeepSeek plans to work with educational institutions to train AI talent and start community projects to solve problems like climate change.”可知DeepSeek的未来计划是与教育公司合作，培训人工智能人才，启动社区项目。故选C。 Ⅱ.阅读七选五(每小题2.5分，共12.5分) (2025·浙江杭州期中) Trash­Eating Robots It has become common knowledge that our oceans are filled with garbage.Broken objects, used plastic bottles and so on fill our beaches and cover the ocean floor.1( ) Many individuals and organizations are working to remove this garbage and recent technological developments have given them a new tool to do so: trash­eating robots. Robots of various shapes have been designed to collect garbage that they find floating in the ocean.For example, the French company IADYS has developed what it calls the jellyfishbot.2( ) It is remotely controlled and can clean up to 1，000 square meters per hour.It contains a net that can hold up to 30 liters.The jellyfishbots' small size and ability to be easily controlled make them ideal for cleaning up crowded areas such as ports. 3( ) Designed for use on rivers, the Interceptor looks like a boat with a conveyor belt that picks up trash.A shallow barrier attached to the Interceptor guides floating trash to the conveyor belt, but fish can swim under it safely.Once a sensor indicates that the dustbins are full, the Interceptor automatically sends a text message to onshore operators.4( ) Most of the garbage in the oceans comes down rivers.5( ) Hence the Interceptor helps a lot to stop pollution before it enters the ocean.The Interceptor is completely solar­powered and operates on its own, which minimizes the need for human involvement. Robots are able to clean up large amounts of garbage without humans struggling with beach cleanup by hand.Hopefully, they can be a big part of the solution to ocean pollution. A．It isn't just about removing the garbage from oceans. B．Immense damages are being caused to ocean creatures. C．If all goes well, they're hoping to expand the number of the robots. D．This small robot gathers up everything it encounters, including oil. E．To keep the oceans clean, new garbage must be stopped from getting there. F．Then the garbage will be collected and sent to local waste management facilities. G．For more open areas, a larger robot called the Interceptor has a similar function. [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了海洋垃圾问题严重，并介绍了垃圾收集机器人及其应用。 1．解析：选B。由上文可知，海洋垃圾问题严重，下文“Many individuals and organizations are working to remove this garbage and recent technological developments have given them a new tool to do so: trash­eating robots.”说明人们正在采取措施，使用垃圾处理机器人来处理海洋垃圾。本空应承上启下，强调海洋垃圾问题严重的结果是海洋生物正在遭受巨大的伤害，并引出下文人们正在采取措施。B项能承上启下，符合题意。故选B。 2．解析：选D。由上文“Robots of various shapes have been designed to collect garbage that they find floating in the ocean.For example, the French company IADYS has developed what it calls the jellyfishbot.”可知，上文介绍了水母机器人的设计目的和开发者，下文“It is remotely controlled and can clean up to 1，000 square meters per hour.It contains a net that can hold up to 30 liters.”进一步介绍了水母机器人的功能和特点。本空应重点说明水母机器人的主要功能，D项说明了水母机器人的主要功能，即收集遇到的垃圾，包括石油，能承上启下，符合题意。故选D。 3．解析：选G。由下文“Designed for use on rivers, the Interceptor looks like a boat with a conveyor belt that picks up trash.”可知，本段介绍的是另一种机器人——拦截者，它是在河流上使用的。本空应介绍拦截者这种机器人的使用，G项说明了拦截者的使用场景和功能，能引出下文，符合题意。故选G。 4．解析：选F。由上文“Once a sensor indicates that the dustbins are full, the Interceptor automatically sends a text message to onshore operators.”可知，拦截者会在垃圾桶满时自动通知岸上的操作员，本空应该介绍接下来会发生什么。F项说明了垃圾被收集并处理的后续步骤，能承接上文，符合题意。故选F。 5．解析：选E。由上文“Most of the garbage in the oceans comes down rivers.”可知，海洋中的垃圾主要来自河流，下文“Hence the Interceptor helps a lot to stop pollution before it enters the ocean.”进一步说明了拦截者的作用。本空应承上启下，强调拦截者必须阻止来自河流的新的垃圾进入海洋，E项能承上启下，符合题意。故选E。 Ⅲ.语法填空(每小题1.5分，共15分) (2025·浙江嘉兴期末)The world's largest three­dimensional LEGO model of “Along the River During the Qingming Festival” was displayed in Hong Kong last week. Covering 47 square meters, the exhibit became a popular attraction, artfully 1 (piece) together a wonderful world where the old and the new met. “We rolled out this exhibit mainly 2 (promote) traditional Chinese culture through creative events appealing to young people, ” said a deputy general manager of Bank of China. As people walked along the 26­meter­long and three­dimensional model made of up to 3 million lego bricks, they could picture themselves in lively ancient streets, 3 sellers were offering goods and kids were playing hide and seek. Pointing at 4 two­storey building with a front door decorated with colorful ribbons, Li Chun­tung, a 5 (lecture) at the University of Hong Kong, said, “This was one of the 6 (busy) restaurants then, with decorations that were typical 7 inns and bars in Northern Song Dynasty.” The lego model recreated many details of life over centuries ago, much the same as those presented in the painting.It combined two 8 (entire) different cultural representatives from the East and the West, 9 (offer) viewers a glimpse into the past and inspired them to explore the 10 (rich) of Chinese heritage. [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了在香港展出的乐高立体情景模型《清明上河图》，该模型结合了东西方文化。 1．解析：piecing。考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，谓语动词是“became”，因此此处需要用非谓语动词，动词“piece”和所修饰词“the exhibit”之间是主动关系，用现在分词形式。故填piecing。 2．解析：to promote。考查不定式。不定式作目的状语，故填to promote。 3．解析：where。考查定语从句。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词lively ancient streets，先行词在从句中作地点状语，应该用关系副词where。故填where。 4．解析：a。考查冠词。表示泛指“一栋前门用彩带装饰的两层楼建筑”，需要不定冠词修饰，且two的发音为辅音音素开头，这里使用不定冠词a。故填a。 5．解析：lecturer。考查名词。根据语境，需在设空处填上名词，作主语。lecturer意为“讲师”，符合句意。不定冠词a提示用名词单数形式。故填lecturer。 6．解析：busiest。考查形容词最高级。修饰名词 restaurants，位于one of the后通常用形容词最高级。busy的最高级是busiest，故填busiest。 7．解析：of。考查介词。句意：香港大学讲师李春东(Li Chun­tung)指着一栋前门用彩带装饰的两层楼建筑说：“这是当时最繁忙的饭馆之一，是北宋时期典型的客栈和酒肆样式”。表示“是……的典型特征”用typical of，故填of。 8．解析：entirely。考查副词。修饰形容词different应用副词entirely，故填entirely。 9．解析：offering。考查非谓语动词。此处用非谓语动词作状语，应用现在分词形式表示伴随状况，故填offering。 10．解析：richness。考查名词。设空处需填名词作宾语，richness是不可数名词。故填richness。 主题：科学家与科学精神 情感 描写 ①frustrated 　 adj.懊恼的；沮丧的；失意的 ②determined adj.下定决心的，坚定的 ③willing 　　 adj.乐意的 动作 描写 ①suspect vt.& vi.怀疑；疑有；不信任 ②blame vt.把……归咎于；责怪；指责 ③decrease vt.& vi.(使大小、数量等)减少；减小；降低 ④cast vt.投射；向……投以(视线、笑容等)；投掷 ⑤pour vt.倒出；倾泻；斟(饮料) ⑥trace vt.追溯；追踪；查出 ⑦defend vt.保卫；防守；辩解 ⑧assist vt.帮助；协助 ⑨break out (战争、打斗等不愉快的事情)突然开始；爆发 [语段情景用]　请根据所给情节，尝试续写Tom 进行科学探索解决实际问题的故事。(尽可能使用方框里归纳的教材词汇) In a small village, a young scientist named Tom was determined to solve the mystery of the polluted river.The villagers had long blamed the nearby factory, but no one had concrete evidence.Despite being frustrated by the lack of progress, Tom was willing to investigate further.He began by tracing the source of the pollution, carefully collecting water samples and analyzing them.One day, while pouring a sample into a test tube, he noticed something unusual.The data suggested that the pollution was not from the factory but from an underground spring contaminated by natural minerals.Tom decided to defend the factory, which many had unfairly accused.He assisted the villagers in understanding the real cause and proposed a solution to purify the water.His determination and scientific spirit cast a new light on the problem, and soon, the river began to clear up.The villagers were grateful, and Tom's reputation as a dedicated scientist grew. 单元强化练 [UNIT 1] (时间：45分钟　满分：75.5分) 【基础知识强化练】 Ⅰ.单词拼写(每小题1分，共5分) 1．Moth，meanwhile，after an initial (最初的) struggle，found his symptoms were strangely reduced by their daily tiring journey. 2．And if you keep things to yourself，your relationship will not be based on the truth，which is fundamental to a solid (坚实的) foundation. 3．Along the way，your guide will cast (投下) light on the neighborhood's rich，varied food culture，which helps you understand NYC as a whole. 4．What is even more interesting is that one of Stein's jobs is defending (保卫) an industry behind the plastic shopping bag. 5．I thought anything abstract (抽象的) left too much room for argument. Ⅱ.单句语法填空(每小题1分，共10分) 1．I know money cannot cover the loss and it is I who am to blame (blame). 2．The number of people owning private cars is on the increase in China; By the end of last year, the number had increased to 80 million. 3．We all subscribe to the view that helping others will benefit ourselves as well. 4．All of them blamed the mistake on me，making me quite frustrated (frustrate) and depressed. 5．(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)My teacher entered the classroom, an infectious (infect) smile spreading on his face. 6．Under the leadership (lead) of the excellent employer，we have achieved our ambition. 7．To our surprise，the little boy is gifted (gift) in painting although he is silent all the time. 8．If you take my advice，I am greatly convinced that you can make progress steadily (steady). 9．With tears pouring (pour) down his cheeks, he watched the documentary film tracing (trace) the history of the ancient town. 10．The hard­working and generous employee often comes to her colleagues' assistance (assist). Ⅲ.完成句子(每小题2分，共8分) 1．说实话，我从来没有见过比我们班长更负责任的人。 Honestly speaking，I have never seen a more responsible person than our monitor. 2．这是因为读经典不仅能提高我们的学习，而且能丰富我们的日常生活。 This is because reading classics can not only improve our study but also enrich our daily life． 3．我认为我们应该采取有效的措施让我们的国家更美丽。 I think we should take effective measures to make our country more beautiful． 4．(读后续写之主旨升华)直到我经历了这场事故，我才明白坏运气有可能是正在等待开启的门。 I was not aware that bad fortune might be the door waiting to be opened until I experienced the accident． 【综合能力提升练】 Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，共10分) Engineers usually build devices using solids like metal or plastic.However, a team in China has created a new type of device using drops of water.These devices help study and management of tiny amounts of liquid, and the best part is that they are easy to build, adjust, and refashion. The idea for this project came from blocks.Xin Du, a researcher at Southeast University in Nanjing, China, was inspired when a student brought in a set of blocks.Du realized that just like blocks that can be amalgamated together and can be rearranged, water droplets (水滴) could do something similar.This could be a great way to build systems that control the flow of liquids in tiny tubes, a field known as microfluidics, which studies how liquids move in small spaces, such as in batteries or to model blood flow in the body. In their research, Du's team designed a system where water droplets could stick together to form a liquid path.They created a grid with tiny plastic pillars (柱子) that held the droplets in place.When the droplets touched, they joined together but did not spill (溢出) out.This allowed the scientists to control the direction of the liquid path.If they needed to change the direction, they could easily move the droplets around, much like changing the setup of blocks. The system was reconfigurable, meaning it could be quickly adjusted without starting over.This flexibility is important in microfluidics, where experiments often need to be changed as new discoveries are made. Du's team is also working to improve the system by making even smaller channels.Their final goal is to use this technology to improve organoid research, where artificial organs made from living cells are studied.This new system could provide better ways to supply nutrients or blood to these growing cells, making the study of living tissues more accurate and efficient. [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项来自中国的研究团队的创新成果——使用水滴构建的新型设备，该设备有助于微小液体的研究和管理，并强调了其易于构建、调整和改造的特点。 1．How does the device created by the team in China differ from others? A．It is made from plastic. B．It employs water drops. C．It is designed by a student. D．It features metal structures. 解析：选B。细节理解题。根据文章第一段“However, a team in China has created a new type of device using drops of water.These devices help study and management of tiny amounts of liquid, and the best part is that they are easy to build, adjust, and refashion.”可知，该设备的特别之处在于使用了水滴，这与通常用固体材料制造的设备不同。故选B。 2．What does the underlined word “amalgamated” in Paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Enlarged. B．Combined. C．Distinguished. D．Shown. 解析：选B。词句猜测题。根据画线单词所在句“Du realized that just like blocks that can be amalgamated together and can be rearranged, water droplets could do something similar.”可推测，积木是可以组合在一起并重新排列。选项B“combined”意为“结合、组合”，与此相符。故选B。 3．What does Du's team expect of the system? A．It will have wide application in medical treatment. B．It will bring a heavy profit to the team. C．It will enable students to be fond of blocks． D．It will decrease the cost of artificial organs． 解析：选A。推理判断题。根据文章最后一段内容可知，他们的最终目标是利用这项技术推动类器官研究的发展，该系统可以为正在生长的细胞提供更好的营养物质或血液供应方式，使对活体组织的研究更加准确和高效，这表明它有望在医疗领域得到广泛应用。故选A。 4．Which is the most suitable title for the text? A．Exposure to Various Blocks Sharpens the Brain B．There Is a Growing Trend Toward Playing Blocks C．Blocks Inspired a New Way to Study Liquids D．Engineers Unlocked the Secret of Water Droplets 解析：选C。标题归纳题。通读全文可知，文章开篇介绍中国团队用水滴制造出新型设备，接着说明该项目的灵感来源于积木，最后提到团队对该系统的改进和期望。C项准确概括了文章核心内容，即积木的拼接和排列方式给研究员带来灵感，促使其设计出用水滴控制液体流动的新方法来研究液体。故选C。 Ⅱ.阅读七选五(每小题2.5分，共12.5分) (2025·广东深圳检测)The history of fireworks began around the first century BC, when the Chinese invented gunpowder (火药).1( ) They used crackers (爆竹) to scare off bad spirits and express good wishes.Early Chinese fireworks were generally firecrackers, designed to make a loud sound. Marco Polo is generally believed to bring gunpowder to Europe.As a result, some Europeans attempted to copy the way of making gunpowder in order to make their own fireworks.2( ) It developed aerial shells (礼花弹) which could be forced up high before exploding.This invention further pushed fireworks' development, making fireworks displays more attractive. With the development of aerial shells, the history of fireworks took off.Producers began trying to make greater and more complex fireworks which would explode into colorful designs.3( ) Besides, they featured special colors, designs, and shapes which were meant to attract viewers, a far cry from the crackers of the 10th century. 4( ) In the 20th century, fireworks producers began to be concerned about them.They began to notice that many of the chemicals which created the beautiful colors associated with fireworks displays were quite harmful, and that fireworks also produced a lot of bad smoke.As a result, some fireworks producers began trying to produce the fireworks which would cause less smoke. While the history of fireworks has come quite a way from spirit­frightening crackers, fireworks displays continue to amaze people all over the world, and the bright colors of fireworks are closely associated with major celebrations in the eyes of many people.Fireworks displays are typically well­attended as a result.And companies which specialize in fireworks can charge high prices for their services, especially on major holidays.5( ) A．Fireworks also have negative side effects. B．Fireworks displays began lasting much longer. C．There were other three great inventions in ancient China. D．Italy made a special contribution to the history of fireworks. E．In spite of this, there are still many customers for the fireworks. F．Thus in Italy and Germany, several producers of fireworks appeared. G．By the 10th century AD, the Chinese had produced fireworks for New Year. [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了烟花的历史和发展。 1．解析：选G。由上文“The history of fireworks began around the first century BC, when the Chinese invented gunpowder.”及下文“They used crackers to scare off bad spirits and express good wishes.Early Chinese fireworks were generally firecrackers, designed to make a loud sound.”可知，此处应介绍中国人发明火药后在烟花方面的发展。G项能承上启下，说明中国烟花的发展，符合题意。故选G。 2．解析：选D。由上文“Marco Polo is generally believed to bring gunpowder to Europe.As a result, some Europeans attempted to copy the ways of making gunpowder in order to make their own fireworks.”及下文“It developed aerial shells which could be forced up high before exploding.This invention further pushed fireworks' development, making fireworks displays more attractive.”可知，上文提到欧洲人试图模仿制造火药的方法来制作自己的烟花，下文则说某项发明推动了烟花的发展，说明空格处应说明是欧洲哪个国家或地区对烟花的发展做出了贡献。D项能承上启下，符合题意。故选D。 3．解析：选B。由上文“Producers began trying to make greater and more complex fireworks which would explode into colorful designs.”及下文“Besides, they featured special colors, designs, and shapes which were meant to attract viewers, a far cry from the crackers of the 10th century.”可知，上文提到烟花生产商开始制作更复杂的烟花，下文则说这些烟花有特殊的颜色、设计和形状，旨在吸引观众，此处应继续说明这些复杂烟花的特点。B项能承上启下，符合题意。故选B。 4．解析：选A。由本段内容可知，本段介绍的是烟花的负面影响。A项能概括下文主旨，符合题意。故选A。 5．解析：选E。由本段内容可知，此处应总结烟花虽然有负面影响但仍有很多人喜欢。E项能总结上文，符合题意。故选E。 Ⅲ.完形填空(每小题1分，共15分) (2025·陕西西安期中)In Las Vegas, one parent's determination to help his daughter catch up on her reading has led to the 1 of a groundbreaking approach in educational technology.Dave Vinzant is a father to 8­year­old Aubrie who encountered difficulties in 2 at school. “It was about halfway through the first grade that we 3 she couldn't read，” said Vinzant.Despite their efforts, traditional methods weren't bringing about the 4 results.“The strong sense of failure hit her，” Vinzant recalled.“After an hour of trying to 5 a 10－15 page little book, she was crying.” Determined to 6 a solution, Vinzant took matters into his own hands.Although lacking 7 in computer programming, he made up his mind to develop a tool that could 8 assist his daughter.The result? A free application called WordStumble came out. WordStumble isn't simply any reading APP 9 by artificial intelligence, specifically ChatGPT.The program customizes (定制) stories for each 10 ．“What is magical is that it can 11 all of those words that the user knows or struggles with and then generate a customized children's story，” Vinzant explained. For Vinzant, the success of WordStumble isn't just 12 ， he wants to share with others.With his dedication and innovation, Vinzant is not only changing the landscape of reading apps but also giving hope to countless parents and children 13 similar challenges.And as WordStumble 14 improving, it's clear that the power of one person's passion can make a world of difference for many young 15 everywhere. [语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文。Dave Vinzant因女儿阅读困难，在缺乏编程知识的情况下仍开发了WordStumble应用，该应用可定制故事，其成功还能帮其他面临类似难题的孩子。 1． A．interaction B．creation C．separation D．comparison 解析：选B。由下文“a groundbreaking approach in educational technology”及父亲开发WordStumble应用程序可知，这里指一种开创性的方法诞生。故选B。 2． A．listening B．reading C．speaking D．writing 解析：选B。由上文“help his daughter catch up on her reading”可知，奥布里在阅读方面存在困难。故选B。 3． A．ceased B．adopted C．regretted D．realized 解析：选D。由上文“about halfway through the first grade”以及下文“she couldn't read”可知，此处指父亲在一年级中期时意识到女儿不会阅读。故选D。 4． A．controlled B．labeled C．expected D．combined 解析：选C。由下文“The strong sense of failure hit her”可知，后文说女儿的挫败感，所以猜测传统方法没达到预期效果。故选C。 5． A．get through B．appeal to C．side with D．break out 解析：选A。由上文“an hour”以及下文“a 10－15 page little book”可知，这里指读完一本小书需要用一个小时。故选A。 6． A．defend B．blame C．find D．suspect 解析：选C。由下文“A free application called WordStumble came out.”可知，后文讲父亲自己开发应用程序，所以这里指他决心找到解决办法。故选C。 7． A．energy B．knowledge C．abstract D．advertisement 解析：选B。由下文“he made up his mind to develop a tool”以及上文Although表转折可知，此处指父亲缺乏编程知识。故选B。 8． A．adorably B．initially C．logically D．effectively 解析：选D。由上文“she couldn't read”以及语境可知，父亲开发工具的目的是有效帮助女儿解决阅读困难问题。故选D。 9． A．defeated B．stretched C．swung D．powered 解析：选D。由下文“by artificial intelligence, specifically ChatGPT”可知，此处指该应用程序由人工智能驱动。故选D。 10．A．situation B．user C．phone D．computer 解析：选B。由下文“the user knows or struggles with”可知，这里指该程序可以为每个用户定制个性化的故事。故选B。 11．A．collect B．secure C．spread D．commit 解析：选A。由下文“then generate a customized children's story”可知，这里指先收集用户的单词然后再用这些词创造故事。故选A。 12．A．distinct B．popular C．personal D．convenient 解析：选C。由下文“he wants to share with others”可知，后文说Vinzant想分享，所以他认为成功不只是个人的事。故选C。 13．A．wandering B．predicting C．facing D．integrating 解析：选C。由上文“giving hope to countless parents and children”可知，这里指Vinzant希望通过该程序帮助面临类似挑战的父母和孩子。故选C。 14．A．continues B．imagines C．avoids D．forgets 解析：选A。由下文“improving”可知，此处指为了更好地服务用户，应用程序会继续改进。故选A。 15．A．drivers B．waiters C．actors D．learners 解析：选D。由上文“then generate a customized children's story”可知，本文围绕帮助孩子阅读展开，所以是给年轻学习者带来改变。故选D。 Ⅳ.语法填空(每小题1.5分，共15分) The Past, Present and Future of Wearable Technology Wearable technology has changed the way we play, communicate, and track our health.1 today's devices offer many excellent features, the wearable technology of tomorrow promises to be even more amazing. 2 (arrive) in the thirteenth century, eyeglasses are actually considered the first wearable technology—though they don't seem very advanced by today's standards.Modern wearable technology started to appear around 2008 with the introduction of fitness trackers like the Fitbit.This form of wearable technology tracks things like your heart rate and counts your steps.Smart watches 3 (release) several years later and do the same things as fitness trackers, but they also display text messages and let you make calls.Currently, you can even buy smart clothing like pants 4 shake when your exercise form is incorrect. Today's wearable technology may be interesting, but it is even more fascinating to think about 5 the future wearable technology will be like.With products that 6 (range) from self­powered electronics to smart contact lenses (隐形眼镜), the next generation of wearables is set to change our lives in exciting and wonderful ways. Self­powered electronics are devices that use your body itself as an energy source.For example, scientists are developing smart shoes with a battery that can store the power 7 (create) by walking.Walking in these shoes would be like having a power bank on your feet that charges with every step. Contact lenses 8 soon be getting a major upgrade, too.Scientists are working on creating smart contact lenses that function as a computer­powered personal assistant.By tracking your eyes' movements, these contact lenses could offer aid 9 needing to be asked.They may even be able to analyze your tears 10 (understand) your moods. [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章探讨了可穿戴技术的过去、现在和未来。 1．解析：Although/Though/While。考查连词。空格后的句子“today's devices offer many excellent features”与主句“the wearable technology of tomorrow promises to be even more amazing”是让步转折关系，所以用although/though/while引导让步状语从句。故填Although/Though/While。 2．解析：Arriving。考查非谓语动词。空格处应该用非谓语动词作状语，主语“eyeglasses”与“arrive”之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词arriving作状语。故填Arriving。 3．解析：were released。考查动词时态和语态。空格处是谓语动词，空格后的“several years later”表示过去的时间，用一般过去时；主语“Smart watches”与“release”之间为被动关系，用被动语态，主语是复数形式，be动词用were。故填were released。 4．解析：that/which。考查定语从句。空格前的“pants”是先行词，空格处引导定语从句，对先行词进行限定说明，从句缺少主语，所以应该用关系代词that或which代替先行词在从句中作主语。故填that/which。 5．解析：what。空格前的“think about”后接宾语从句，从句缺少宾语，且意义为“……的事物”，所以应该用连接代词what引导从句。故填what。 6．解析：range。考查时态和主谓一致。空格处是定语从句的谓语动词，根据下文的is可知，从句中用一般现在时，定语从句的谓语动词与先行词products保持一致，此处用动词原形。故填range。 7．解析：created。考查非谓语动词。空格处应该用非谓语动词作定语，修饰空格前的the power，“the power”与动词“create”之间为被动关系，所以应该用过去分词created作定语。故填created。 8．解析：will。考查情态动词。空格后的“soon”表示将来，所以空格处应该用will，与下文的be getting构成将来进行时。故填will。 9．解析：without。考查介词。根据句意和空格后的动名词“needing”可知，空格处应该填入一个介词，且意义为“不；无”，所以应该用介词without。故填without。 10．解析：to understand。考查非谓语动词。空格处作目的状语，应该用不定式形式。故填to understand。 单元过关检测卷(一) [UNIT 1] (满分：120分　时间：100分钟) 第一部分　阅读(共两节，满分50分) 第一节(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A One of the world's largest technology events, Consumer Electronics Show (CES), is taking place in Las Vegas, Nevada.CES presents the latest technology offerings from companies across the world.Here is a look at some of the top products presented at the show this year. Transparent televisions LG and Samsung brought televisions that have a transparent (透明的) screen design to CES.The TVs use OLED technology.They're designed to be hidden in a room when not in use.The companies presenting the TVs haven't provided pricing information, but experts say the transparent models are likely to cost tens of thousands of dollars. Robot pet sitter Robotics developer Ogmen presented a new machine designed to assist pets.The ORo robot is equipped with a food container to feed animals.It can also play with pets, record health details and take photos and videos of animals' daily activities. Body power to charge a phone Sports equipment developer LifeSpan introduced an exercise bicycle/desk combination that uses human power to charge phones or other devices.The Ampera bike is designed to be used with a “standing” desk.LifeSpan says at a speed of 60 rpms, the bike can produce up to 65 watts of electricity per hour. Home­made ice cream in 2 minutes The ColdSnap company introduced a machine that can make single servings of ice cream in about two minutes.The machine uses small containers, called pods, just like Keurig coffeemakers.The pods for the ColdSnap machine can be kept at room temperature, saving energy costs.The machines can be taken anywhere and are simple to operate. [语篇解读]本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了世界上最大的科技活动之一——消费电子展在拉斯维加斯内华达州举行的情况，并详细介绍了展会上展出的一些顶级产品。 1．What can be known from the text? A．The ORo robot is a perfect pet. B．The ColdSnap specializes in soft drinks. C．The price of transparent TVs is still a secret. D．The Ampera bike can finish charging a phone hourly. 解析：选C。细节理解题。根据文章Transparent televisions部分中的“The companies presenting the TVs haven't provided pricing information, but experts say the transparent models are likely to cost tens of thousands of dollars.”可知，这种电视机的价格目前还不可知。故选C。 2．What do ColdSnap machines and Keurig coffeemakers have in common? A．They are quite easy to carry. B．They are environmentally­friendly. C．They are equipped with little containers. D．They are developed by the same company． 解析：选C。细节理解题。根据文章Home­made ice cream in 2 minutes部分中的“The ColdSnap company introduced a machine that can make single servings of ice cream in about two minutes.The machine uses small containers, called pods, just like Keurig coffeemakers.”可知，ColdSnap机器和Keurig咖啡机都使用了被称为“pods”的小容器。故选C。 3．What's the main purpose of the text? A．To show the wide popularity of CES. B．To advertise a global show called CES. C．To predict some next­generation technology products． D．To introduce some top technology products from CES 2024. 解析：选D。推理判断题。根据文章第一段“One of the world's largest technology events, Consumer Electronics Show(CES), is taking place in Las Vegas, Nevada.CES presents the latest technology offerings from companies across the world.Here is a look at some of the top products presented at the show this year.”可知，文章的主要目的是介绍今年展会上展出的一些顶级产品。故选D。 B (2025·四川眉山期末)Recent advances in AI have encouraged developments in realistic speech synthesis (合成).While this technology can improve lives through personalized voice assistants, it also has led to a big problem—synthesized speech can be misused to deceive humans and machines for bad purposes. In response to this threat, Ning Zhang, an assistant professor of computer science, developed a tool called AntiFake, a novel defense mechanism designed to prevent deceptive speech synthesis before it happens.Unlike traditional detection (探测) methods, which are used to discover synthetic recordings as a post­attack tool, AntiFake takes a proactive role.It uses different techniques to prevent the synthesis of deceptive speech by making it more difficult for AI tools to read necessary characteristics from voice recordings. “The groundbreaking tool uses an AI technique that was originally part of the cybercriminals' toolbox (网络罪犯工具箱), but now we' re using it to defend against them.We mess up the recorded voice signal just a little bit.It still sounds right to human listeners, but it's completely different to AI，” Zhang explained. To ensure AntiFake can stand up against ever­changing attackers and unknown synthesis models, Zhang and first author Zhiyuan Yu, a graduate student in Zhang's lab tested it against five state­of­the­art speech synthesizers.AntiFake achieved a protection rate of over 95%.Zhang also tested AntiFake's usability with 24 human participants to confirm the tool's usefulness to different populations. Currently, AntiFake can protect short parts of speech, taking aim at the most common type of voice impersonation (冒充).However, Zhang said, there's nothing to stop this tool from being improved to protect longer recordings in the ongoing fight against disinformation. “Eventually, we want to be able to fully protect voice recordings，” Zhang said.“While I don't know what will be next in AI voice tech—new tools and features are being developed all the time—I do think our AntiFake against them will continue to be effective.” [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了计算机科学助理教授Ning Zhang开发的一种名为AntiFake的新型防御机制。该机制旨在预防欺骗性语音合成的发生，文中详细描述了AntiFake的工作原理、测试效果以及未来的发展前景，属于介绍科技进展和应用领域的文章。 4．What is the main purpose of AntiFake? A．To prevent wrongful synthesized speech. B．To create personalized voices with AI $