选择性必修第一册 UNIT1 PEOPLE OF ACHIEVEMENT（教师用书Word）-【正禾一本通】2026年新高考英语高三一轮总复习高效讲义（人教版）

该高中英语高考复习资料聚焦词汇、句式、语篇及读写核心考点，按“分类识记-词句结合-语篇串记”逻辑架构，通过考点梳理（多维词汇背诵、核心词句用法归纳）、方法指导（词根词缀记忆、语境应用策略）、真题训练（高考改编阅读与写作题）等环节，帮助学生构建系统知识网络，突破高频考点难点。 资料创新采用“词汇情境化+语篇功能化”教学策略，如结合vit/viv词根推导vitality等派生词培养学习能力，利用人物介绍写作词块提升语言表达精准度。设置基础巩固、能力提升、真题演练分层练习，配合即时反馈机制，有效培养学生思维品质，为教师精准把控复习进度、提升学生应考能力提供全面支持。

任务(一)　词汇、句式、语篇背诵 词汇多维背诵(分类识记，各个击破) 核心单词 围绕话题：伟大人物 1．vital contributions made by remarkable individuals 卓越人才做出的重要贡献 2．commit to a cause with extraordinary passion 以非凡的热情致力于一项事业 3．acknowledge the genius of influential figures 认可有影响力的人物的天赋 4．insist on pursuing crucial goals 坚持追求关键目标 5．face consequences with courage and determination 以勇气和决心面对后果 6．obtain vital insights from their experiences 从他们的经历中获得重要见解 7．overcome defeats with remarkable resilience 以非凡的韧性战胜失败 8．encounter challenges with unwavering commitment 以坚定不移的奉献面对挑战 多义单词 词组(一)　熟词生义与词性活用 1．device [熟义]n.装置；仪器→[生义]n.方法；技巧：employ a clever narrative device采用一种巧妙的叙事方法 2．draft [熟义]n.草稿；草案 vt.起草；草拟→[生义]vt.征召，选拔：draft some talented young players选拔一些有天赋的年轻运动员 3．objective [熟义]adj.客观的→[生义]n.目标；目的：set ambitious objectives for the next quarter为下一季度设定宏伟的目标 4．novel n．(长篇)小说→adj.新颖的；新奇的[词性活用]：a novel approach to solving the problem 一种新颖的解决该问题的方法 词组(二)　一词多义 1．acknowledge v．承认，认可接受；对……表示感谢；理会；告知收到 ①acknowledge the receipt of the letter 确认收到信件 ②acknowledge one's mistake and apologize 承认错误并道歉 ③acknowledge the hard work of the team 认可团队的辛勤工作 ④acknowledge the applause from the audience 对观众的掌声表示感谢 2．flow vi.流；流动；流出；大量供应；(谈话、文体等)流畅 n．流动；供应；涨潮 ①The river flows through the valley.河流穿过山谷。 ②the flow of goods and services to remote areas 商品和服务对边远地区源源不断的供应 ③The conversation flows smoothly between friends.朋友之间的对话进行得很顺畅。 ④The traffic flow is heavy today.今天的交通流量很大。 3．sum vi.总结；概括 n．金额；款项；总数；总和 ①sum up the main points briefly 简要总结要点 ②The sum of two and three is five.二加三的和是五。 ③a sum of money for the project 项目的一笔资金 ④In sum, the event was successful.总的来说，活动很成功。 4．extract n．提取物；摘录 vt.提取；提炼；摘录；(用力)拔出 ①the extract from the rare herb 稀有草药的提取物 ②an extract from the classic novel 从经典小说中摘录的片段 ③extract the essential information from the report 从报告中提取关键信息 ④extract the juice from the fruit 从水果中榨取果汁 阅读单词 1．physiology 　 n．生理学；生理机能 2．malaria n．疟疾 3．theory n．理论；学说 4．formula n．公式；方程式；配方 5．patent n．专利；专利证书；获得专利 adj.有专利的；受专利保护的 6．photoelectric adj.光电的 7．institution n．社会公共机构；制度；习俗 8．institute n．(教育、专业等)机构；机构建筑 9．moustache n．上唇的胡子；髭 10．property n．性质；特征；财产 11．boil vt.& vi.(使)沸腾；煮开；烧开 n．沸腾；沸点 12．liquid n．液体 adj.液体的；液态的 13．flee vi.& vt.(fled，fled)迅速离开；逃跑 14．circumstance n．[usually pl.]条件；环境；状况 15．infer vt.推断；推定 16．mourn vt.& vi.哀悼；忧伤 17．penicillin n．青霉素[助记：音译“盘尼西林”] 18．numerous adj.众多的；许多的[助记：number数字] 19．doctorate n．博士学位[助记：doctor n．博士] 20．substance n.物质；物品；事实根据[近义：material] 21．chart n．图表 vt.记录；制订计划 [近义：diagram] 22．apparently adv.显而易见；看来；显然[近义：obviously；evidently] 23．relativity n．相对论；相对性[助记：the theory of relativity相对论] 24．peculiarity n．个性；特点；怪异的性质[近义：characteristic；feature； personality] 拓展单词 1． commit vt.　　　 承诺；保证 vi. 忠于；全心全意投入(工作、活动等) committed adj. 尽心尽力的；坚定的；坚信的 commitment n. 投入；奉献；承诺 2． academy n. (艺术、文学、科学等的)研究院；学会；专科院校 academic adj. 学业的；学术的 3． object n. 物体；目标 objective n. 目标；目的 adj. 客观的 subjective adj. 主观的 4． botany n. 植物学 botanical adj. 植物学的 5． evaluate vt. 评价；评估 evaluation n. 评价；评估 6． distinct adj. 清晰的；清楚的；有区别的 distinction n. 区别；差别 7． acknowledge vt. 承认(属实、权威等)；(公开)感谢 acknowledg(e)ment n． 承认(属实、权威等)；(公开)感谢 8． analyse/analyze vt. 分析 analyst n. 分析师；分析家 analysis n. (pl.analyses)分析 9． apparent adj.　　　　 显而易见的；明显的 apparently adv. 显而易见；看来；显然 10．science n. 科学 scientific adj. 科学(上)的；关于科学的 scientist n. 科学家 11．conclude vt. 断定；推断出；(使)结束 conclusion n. 结论；推论 12．novel n. (长篇)小说 adj. 新颖的；新奇的 novelist n. 小说家 13．infer vt. (inferred，inferred，inferring)推断；推定 inference n. 推断；推论 14．politics n. 政治 political adj. 政治的 politician n. 从政者；政治家；政客 15．gentle adj. 温柔的；文静的 gently adv. 轻轻地；温柔地 16．gradual adj. 逐渐的 gradually adv. 逐渐地；逐步地 17．consequent adj. 随之发生的；作为结果的 consequently adv. 因此；所以 consequence n. 结果；后果 18．remark v．& n. 谈论；评论 remarkable adj. 非凡的；显著的 remarkably adv. 惊人地 重点短语 1．commit oneself to (sth/doing sth/do sth) 承诺；保证(做某事、遵守协议或安排等) 2．insist on 坚决要求 3．wear and tear (正常使用造成的)磨损；损耗 4．come to power (开始)掌权；上台 5．take up a position 担任；任职 6．on end 连续地；竖着,7.be mistaken for 被误认为是 8．millions of 数百万 9．risk one's life 冒着生命危险 10．sum up 总结；概括[同义：summarize] 11．by chance 偶然[同义：accidentally；by accident] 12．lead to 导致[同义：cause；bring about；result in] 单元佳句过关(遮挡背诵，自我检测) 1．It is indeed an honour for China's scientific research and Chinese medicine to be spread around the world.(it作形式主语) 2．While working there，out of a strong passion for knowledge，he continued to study，earning a doctorate in physics in 1905.(状语从句的省略) 3．He had a thick moustache and long white hair，which sometimes stood on end as though he had just received an electric shock.(人物描写) 4．On 18 April 1955，it was reported that Einstein had passed away，and the whole world mourned the great loss of a brilliant scientist.(It is/was＋过去分词＋that从句) [遮住左栏尝试背诵] 1．中国的科学研究和中药能够在全世界传播确实是一种荣誉。 2．在工作期间，出于对知识的强烈渴求，他继续学习，并于1905年获得了物理学博士学位。 3．他胡须浓密，又长又白的头发有时会像刚遭受了电击似的竖起来。 4．据报道，1955年4月18日，爱因斯坦去世，全世界都为失去这位杰出的科学家而哀悼。 语篇串记词汇(背美文，记单词) Madam Curie It was widely acknowledged that being an extraordinary woman genius，gentle Madam Curie managed to obtain two kinds of radioactive elements，which were vital and crucial to physics.She was born in Poland in 1867.Distinct from other girls，she had a strong passion for science and committed her whole life to scientific research.After graduating from high school，she took up a position as a tutor.In 1891，she was admitted into the Academy of Paris，where she achieved great academic performances and as a consequence，she became the first woman professor.Under unbearable circumstances，she and her husband spared no effort to analyze and evaluate pitchblende (沥青铀矿) with the objective of extracting radioactive substances and studying their properties.Apparently，they encountered numerous failures，but under no circumstances did the couple acknowledge defeat and they insisted on their ambition.Using flow charts and summing up what they had studied，the couple gradually drew a conclusion that Po and Ra did exist，which was soon spread throughout the world.In 1934，Madam Curie passed away and the whole world mourned the great loss of a remarkable scientist. [遮住左栏，忆加黑词汇] 居里夫人 人们普遍认为，作为一位非凡的天才女性，温柔的居里夫人设法获得的两种放射性元素对物理学至关重要。她于1867年出生在波兰。与其他女孩不同，她对科学有强烈的热爱，一生致力于科学研究。高中毕业后，她担任家庭教师的工作。1891年，她被巴黎学院录取，在那里她取得了优异的学业成绩，因此，她成为第一位女教授。在难以忍受的条件下，她和丈夫不遗余力地分析和评估沥青铀矿，目的是提取放射性物质并研究它们的性质。显然，他们遇到了许多次失败，但在任何情况下，这对夫妇都不承认失败，他们坚持要实现自己的目标。通过使用流程图和总结他们所研究的东西，这对夫妇逐渐得出结论，钚和镭元素确实存在，这很快就传到了全世界。1934年，居里夫人去世，全世界都为失去一位杰出科学家而哀悼。 任务(二)　背诵过关检测 Ⅰ.单词检测 (Ⅰ)英汉互译 1．physiology 　　 n．生理学；生理机能 2．substance n．物质；物品；事实根据 3．chart n．图表 vt.记录；制订计划 4．property n．性质；特征；财产 5．apparently adv.显而易见；看来；显然 6．mourn vt.& vi.哀悼；忧伤 7．relativity n．相对论；相对性 8．formula n．公式；方程式；配方 9．patent n．专利；专利证书；获得专利 adj.有专利的；受专利保护的 10．doctorate n．博士学位 11．institution n．社会公共机构；制度；习俗 12．moustache n．上唇的胡子；髭 13．peculiarity n．个性；特点；怪异的性质 14．numerous adj.众多的；许多的 15．theory n．理论；学说 16．crucial adj.至关重要的；关键性的 17．vital adj.必不可少的；极其重要的；充满生机的 18．boil vt.& vi.(使)沸腾；煮开；烧开 n．沸腾；沸点 19．liquid n．液体 adj.液体的；液态的 20．obtain vt.(尤指经努力)获得；赢得 vi.(规章、习俗等)存在；流行 21．acknowledge vt.承认(属实、权威等)；(公开)感谢 22．defeat n．失败；挫败 vt.击败；战胜 23．insist vi.& vt.坚持；坚决要求 24．flee vi.& vt.迅速离开；逃跑 25．circumstance n．[usually pl.]条件；环境；状况 26．flow n．流；流动；流畅；供应 vi.流；流动 27．infer vt.推断；推定 28．genius n．天才；天资；天赋 29．extraordinary adj.不一般的；非凡的；意想不到的 30．gradually adv.逐渐地；逐步地 31．encounter vt.偶然碰到；遇到 n．邂逅；遭遇 32．remarkable adj.非凡的；显著的 (Ⅱ)熟词生义与一词多义 1．draft some talented young players 　　　　 　 　 选拔一些有天赋的年轻球员 2．employ a clever narrative device 采用一种巧妙的叙事方法 3．a novel approach to solving the problem 一种新颖的解决该问题的方法 4．set ambitious objectives for the next quarter 为下一季度设定宏伟的目标 5．acknowledge the receipt of the letter 确认收到信件 6．acknowledge the applause from the audience 对观众的掌声表示感谢 7．The conversation flows smoothly between friends. 朋友之间的对话进行得很顺畅。 8．an extract from the classic novel 从经典小说中摘录的片段 (Ⅲ)写出派生或词性、词义 1．commit vt.承诺；保证vi.忠于；全心全意投入(工作、活动等)→committed adj.尽心尽力的；坚定的；坚信的→commitment n．投入；奉献；承诺 2．academy n．(艺术、文学、科学等的)研究院；学会；专科院校→academic adj.学业的；学术的 3．object n．物体；目标→objective n．目标；目的adj.客观的→(反)subjective adj.主观的 4．botany n．植物学→botanical adj.植物学的 5．evaluate vt.评价；评估→evaluation n．评价；评估 6．distinct adj.清晰的；清楚的；有区别的→distinction n．区别；差别 7．analyse/analyze vt.分析→analyst n．分析师；分析家→analysis n．(pl.analyses)分析 8．science n．科学→scientific adj.科学(上)的；关于科学的 9．conclude vt.断定；推断出；(使)结束→conclusion n．结论；推论 10．infer vt.(inferred，inferred，inferring)推断；推定→inference n．推断；推论 11．gentle adj.温柔的；文静的→gently adv.轻轻地；温柔地 12．consequent adj.随之发生的；作为结果的→consequently adv.因此；所以→consequence n．结果；后果 Ⅱ.短语英汉互译 1．commit oneself to (sth/doing sth/do sth) 　　　　　　　 　 承诺；保证(做某事、遵守协议或安排等) 2．insist on 坚决要求 3．take up a position 担任；任职 4．on end 连续地；竖着 5．sum up 总结；概括 6．by chance 偶然 7．wear and tear (正常使用造成的)磨损；损耗 8．come to power (开始)掌权；上台 9．be mistaken for 被误认为是 10．risk one's life 冒着生命危险 Ⅲ.佳句默写(温馨提示：用衡水体认真书写) 1．中国的科学研究和中药能够在全世界传播确实是一种荣誉。(it作形式主语) It is indeed an honour for China's scientific research and Chinese medicine to be spread around the world. 2．在工作期间，出于对知识的强烈渴求，他继续学习，并于1905年获得了物理学博士学位。(状语从句的省略) While working there，out of a strong passion for knowledge，he continued to study，earning a doctorate in physics in 1905. 3．他胡须浓密，又长又白的头发有时会像刚遭受了电击似的竖起来。(人物描写) He had a thick moustache and long white hair，which sometimes stood on end as though he had just received an electric shock. Part 1　核心词句——学表达 vital adj.必不可少的；极其重要的；充满生机的 【高考真题】　(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷应用文写作)It is vital to embrace new experiences, as they broaden our horizons and foster personal development.拥抱新体验至关重要，因为它们拓宽我们的视野，促进个人发展。 【用法归纳】 ◎be vital to/for... 对……至关重要 ◎It is vital to do sth 做某事很重要 ◎It is vital that...(should) do sth 做某事是十分重要的 ◎be of vital importance 至关重要的 【写作语料】　 ◎be vital for/to the students' physical and mental health 对学生的身心健康至关重要 ◎play a vital role in protecting the environment 在保护环境方面发挥重要作用 【语境运用】　完成句子 ①(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)我意识到，走出我们的舒适区，尝试一些新事物是至关重要的。 I realized that it is vital to step out of our comfort zones and try some new things. ②(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)此外，我相信，欣赏我们周围的美丽是至关重要的。 Moreover, I believe that it is of vital importance to appreciate the beauty around us. ③到了提高人们保护对人类至关重要的海洋的意识的时候了。[环境保护] It is about time we raised people's awareness of protecting oceans which are vital to human beings． commit vt.承诺；保证；犯……(罪或错等)；做(坏事)；花(钱或时间) vi.忠于；全心全意投入(工作、活动等)→committed adj.尽心尽力的；坚定的；坚信的→commitment n．投入；奉献；承诺 【高考真题】　(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷读后续写)I thanked him again for his incredible generosity and made a commitment to repaying him as soon as possible.我再次感谢他令人难以置信的慷慨，并承诺尽快还给他。 【用法归纳】 ◎be committed to (doing) sth＝commit oneself to (doing) sth 致力于(做)某事；承诺(做)某事 ◎make a commitment to (doing) sth 尽力(做)某事；承诺(做)某事 【写作语料】　 ◎commit mistakes/a crime 犯错/犯罪 ◎be committed to doing scientific researches致力于做科学研究 ◎commit an hour a day to reading English每天花一个小时读英语 【语境运用】　单句填空/一句多译 ①The ambitious entrepreneur made a commitment to building (build) a sustainable business that positively impacts the community. ②这位敬业的老师致力于通过创新的教学方法帮助她的学生充分发挥他们的潜力。 →The dedicated teacher is committed to helping her students reach their full potential through innovative teaching methods. →The dedicated teacher commits herself to helping her students reach their full potential through innovative teaching methods. acknowledge vt.承认(属实、权威等)；(公开)感谢 【高考真题】　(2024·全国甲卷应用文写作)It is widely acknowledged that China has made significant strides in transportation over the past few decades.人们普遍认为，过去几十年里中国在交通运输方面取得了重大进步。 【用法归纳】 ◎acknowledge...to be/as... 承认……是…… ◎acknowledge doing/having done sth 承认做了某事 ◎It is universally/widely acknowledged that... 大家公认…… 【写作语料】　 ◎acknowledge his generous support感谢他的慷慨支持 ◎acknowledge the importance of studying English承认学习英语的重要性 ◎be acknowledged as one of the world's greatest physicists 被公认为世界上最伟大的物理学家之一 【语境运用】　单句填空/一句多译 ①Tom acknowledged being defeated (defeat) in the competition，which made us quite depressed.[沮丧心理描写] ②Lu Xun，acknowledged (acknowledge) as one of the greatest modern writers in China，was born in Shaoxing，Zhejiang Province. ③(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)人们公认口语训练是学习英语的一种有效方法。 →Practising oral English is universally recognized/acknowledged to be/as an effective way to learn English． →It is widely recognized/acknowledged that practising oral English is an effective way to learn English．(it作形式主语) insist vi.& vt.坚持；坚决要求；坚持说 【高考真题】　 (2024·新高考Ⅰ卷读后续写)I thanked him once again for his incredible help and insisted on paying him back for the taxi fare and the bus ticket.我再次感谢他提供如此大的帮助，并坚持要偿还他车费和公交车票钱。 【用法归纳】 ◎insist(坚持说/认为) that...，从句用陈述语气。 ◎insist(坚决要求/坚持) that sb(should) do...，从句用虚拟语气。 ◎insist on (doing) sth坚持(做)某事 【写作语料】　 ◎insist on finding a taxi for me 坚持要给我找一辆出租车 ◎insist on holding onto his previous idea 坚持他以前的想法 ◎insist that he was right 坚持认为他是对的 【语境运用】　单句填空/完成句子 ①The police officer insisted that he had disobeyed (disobey) the traffic rules and (should) be fined (fine). ②(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)He approached the bus driver and explained the situation, insisting (insist) that I was a trustworthy person. ③我的女儿坚决要求我们在下一个村庄露营，她的眼中闪着兴奋的光芒。[情绪描写] My daughter insisted that we (should) go camping in the next village, her eyes twinkling with excitement. conclusion n．结论；推论；结束；结果；最后→conclude vt.断定；推断出；(使)结束，终止 【高考真题】　(2022·全国甲卷应用文写作)In conclusion，only with joint efforts can we have a better tomorrow. 总之，只有大家共同努力，我们才能拥有更美好的明天。 【用法归纳】 ◎in conclusion 总之 ◎conclude...with... 以……结束…… ◎conclude from sth 从……中得出结论 ◎draw/come to/arrive at/reach a conclusion 得出结论 【写作语料】　 ◎jump to a conclusion 匆忙下结论 ◎conclude the speech with a famous saying 以一句名言结束演讲 【语境运用】　一句多译 (2023·全国乙卷)我从我自己的经历中得出结论：只有通过亲身实践才能掌握生活技能。 ①I concluded from my own experiences that only by practicing in person can we master the skills of life.(conclude) ②I came to/reached/drew a conclusion from my own experiences that only by practicing in person can we master the skills of life.(conclusion) consequence n．结果；后果→consequent adj.随之发生的；作为结果的→consequently adv.因此；所以 【高考真题】　(2021·北京卷书面表达)My grandfather was under treatment in hospital，and as a consequence/consequently/in consequence，I have to attend him.我祖父在医院接受治疗，因此我得照顾他。 【用法归纳】 因此；结果 因为；由于 【写作语料】　 ◎face the consequences面对后果 ◎take/suffer the consequences承担后果 ◎consequent changes/effects/problems随之而来的变化/影响/问题 【语境运用】　完成句子 ①由于暴雨冲刷，河水泛滥，湍急的河水冲破了河堤。 As a consequence/result of the heavy rainfall, the river, swollen and turbulent, burst its banks. ②由于缺少政府的支持，这项计划很快就失败了。 The plan lacked support from the government.As a consequence/In consequence/As a result/Consequently，it broke down soon. ③因为这个学生过去几个月一直在努力学习，所以他为期末考试做好了准备。 Having studied diligently for months, the student was consequently well­prepared for the final exam． take up a position 担任；任职 【高考真题】　(2021·新高考卷应用文写作)It encourages us to take up a position as a volunteer in our school community and strive for excellence.它鼓励我们在学校社区担任志愿者职位，并努力追求卓越。 【用法归纳】 ◎take up 接受；开始从事；继续；占据(时间或空间) ◎take off 脱掉(衣服等)；起飞；事业腾飞 ◎take over 接管；获得对……的控制或管理 ◎take down 写下；记下；拆除 ◎take in 吸收；接纳；领会；欺骗 ◎take on 呈现；雇用；承担 【写作语料】　 ◎I am convinced that I am equal to taking up the position as a volunteer.[申请信] 我相信我能胜任志愿者的工作。 ◎With the remarkable development of science and technology，our country has taken on a new look. 随着科技的迅猛发展，我国呈现了新的面貌。 【语境运用】　完成语段 纵观历史，伟大的领袖们接过他人认为不可能的挑战。他们接受权力职位，不是为了个人利益，而是为了改变世界。面对逆境时，他们没有逃避责任。相反，他们克服了道路上的障碍，坚持不懈。这些领袖吸收新的想法和观点，始终努力学习和成长。他们的遗产流芳百世，激励着后代接过领导的重任，继续他们的事业。 Throughout history, great leaders ①have taken on challenges that others deemed impossible.They ②took up positions of power, not for personal gain, but to make a difference in the world.When faced with adversity, they didn't abandon their responsibilities.Instead, they ③took down the obstacles in their path and persevered.These leaders took in new ideas and perspectives, always striving to learn and grow.Their legacy lives on, inspiring future generations to ④take over the duty of leadership and continue their work. 句式：it作形式主语 【教材原句】　It is indeed an honour for China's scientific research and Chinese medicine to be spread around the world.中国的科学研究和中药能够在全世界传播确实是一种荣誉。 【用法归纳】 it作形式主语的几种句式： ◎It be＋adj./n.＋to do sth ◎It be＋过去分词(said，thought，believed，supposed，reported...)＋that从句 ◎It be＋形容词(strange，important，vital，obvious，possible...)＋that从句 ◎It be＋名词短语(a pity，a shame，a fact，a good idea，no wonder...)＋that从句 【写作佳句】　 ①It is required that the machine should be maintained regularly. 这台机器需要定期维修。 ②I sincerely hope your dream will come true and it's my honour to show you around Beijing when that day comes. 我真诚地希望你的梦想会实现，当那一天到来时，带你参观北京是我的荣幸。 ③It is known that well begun is half done. 我们都知道良好的开端是成功的一半。 【仿写借鉴】　完成句子/句式转换 ①作为高中生，保护森林是我们的责任。森林是地球之肺。[倡议书] As high school students，it's our responsibility to protect the forests，which are the lungs of the earth. ②People generally believe that IT has both advantages and disadvantages. →It is generally believed that IT has both advantages and disadvantages. (it作形式主语) ③I'm very honoured to deliver a speech to share with you my opinions on Beijing Opera.[演讲稿] →It is my great honour to deliver a speech to share with you my opinions on Beijing Opera.(it作形式主语) Part 2　阅读词汇——善辨义 1．flow A．vi.流　B．vi.流畅　C．n.流动　D．v.涨潮 E．vi.持续供应 ①Offers of help are flowing into the disaster area from all over the country. E ②The heavy rains caused the river to flow over its banks, flooding the nearby fields. A ③The flow of water in the stream was interrupted by a fallen tree. C ④The high tide flows into the bay twice a day. D ⑤The poet's words flow beautifully, creating vivid imagery. B 2．sum A．vi.总结 B． n.金额 C．n.总数 ①The sum of 7 and 12 is 19. C ②The sum of the invoice was $1，500 for the services rendered. B ③To sum up, the main points of the presentation were the new marketing strategy and sales targets. A 3．extract A．n.提取物　B．n.摘录　C．vt.提取　D．vt.提炼　E．vt.拔出 ①The essential oil was extracted from the orange peel through a distillation process. D ②The book included extracts from various historical documents. B ③Scientists are working to extract the active ingredient from the plant. C ④The vanilla extract added a rich flavour to the cake. A ⑤The dentist carefully extracted the wisdom tooth from the patient's jaw. E 巧借词根vit/viv推测词义 vit/viv是常见的词根，来源于拉丁语，意为“生命，活力，力量”。 [本单元]vital adj.至关重要的；生命的 [相关词]①survive vi.& vt.幸存，生还 ②revive vi.& vt.(使)恢复精力；(使)复苏 1．The doctor emphasized the importance of vitamins in maintaining a healthy and balanced diet. [词义]vit(生命)＋amin(化学物质)→vitamin n．维生素 2．The vivid colors of the sunset painted a breathtaking picture across the evening sky. [词义]viv(生命/活力)＋id→vivid adj.生动的，鲜明的 3．The patient showed remarkable vitality after recovering from a long and serious illness. [词义]vit(生命)＋al(形容词后缀)＋ity(名词后缀)→vitality n．活力，生命力 4．The teacher's vivacious personality made the classroom a lively and engaging environment for students. [词义]viv(生命/活力)＋acious(形容词后缀)→vivacious adj.活泼的，生气勃勃的 5．The revival of traditional art forms has brought new life to the cultural heritage. [词义]re(再次)＋viv(生命)＋al(名词后缀)→revival n．复兴，恢复 6．The vivacity of the young performer captivated the audience and earned her a standing ovation. [词义]viv(生命/活力)＋acity(名词后缀)→vivacity n．活力，生气 (一)核心词句专练——单句语法填空 1．(2024·全国甲卷)In conclusion (conclude), green transportation is a crucial component of China's future development. 2．Upon graduating (graduate) from the university，the committed man took up a position in the company. 3．(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)With the help of their father，the twins were committed to making (make) delicious breakfast. 4．It is acknowledged (acknowledge) that people cannot succeed or achieve their targets without a strong will and persistence. 5．The teacher insisted that every minute (should) be made (make) full use of to do the work well. 6．Consequently (consequent), some viewers began to turn away from cinemas, leading to slower growth. 7．As an all­round student，not only does he perform well academically (academic) but also artistically. 8．The professor conducted a series of scientific (science) experiments and made remarkable discoveries. (二)阅读词汇猜词——熟词生义、派生 1．The government drafted some young men during the war to increase the size of the army.vt.征召 2．The magician used a variety of devices to create illusions and trick the audience.n.方法；技巧 3．Tu Youyou discovered a novel method to extract the useful substance.adj.新颖的 4．In 1967，the Chinese government formed a team of scientists with the objective of discovering a new treatment for malaria.n.目标 5．The community worked together to revitalize the abandoned park, turning it into a vibrant gathering space. ◎re­(再次，重新)＋vital＋­ize(使……化，使成为……状态)→revitalize v．恢复活力，使重新充满活力 6．The hikers were well­prepared for the subzero temperatures they would face on the mountain. ◎sub­(在……下面，低于)＋zero(零，零度)→subzero adj.零度以下的 (一)应用文写作[人物介绍——我最尊敬的人] (2020·全国卷Ⅰ改编)你校正在组织英语作文比赛。请以身边值得尊敬和爱戴的人为题，写一篇短文参赛，内容包括： 1．人物简介；2.受人尊敬和爱戴的原因。 选用本单元所学知识和右栏词块翻译句子 第一段：开篇点出本文主题 1．我最尊敬的人是我的叔叔，他终生致力于治病救人。 The person I respect most is my uncle who is committed to curing patients of their diseases all his life. 第二段：具体介绍我的叔叔 2．无论他遇到什么困难，他决不承认失败。(倒装) Whatever difficulties he encounters，under/in no circumstances will he acknowledge defeat. 3．自从他就职以来，他坚持全心全意为病人服务，并对其表示深切同情。 Ever since he took up his position，he has insisted on serving all the patients heart and soul and showed great compassion for them. 4．在他看来，帮助病人从疾病中早日康复是他的职责。(it作形式主语) In his opinion，it is his responsibility to help patients recover from illnesses early. 5．2022年一听说上海急需医生，他毫不犹豫地奔赴上海。 Upon/On hearing that Shanghai was in great need of doctors in 2022，he headed for Shanghai without hesitation. 第三段：最后总结叔叔的为人 6．这就是我的叔叔，一个忠诚而又可敬的人。 Such is my uncle，a committed and respectable man. [构建语义场——伟大人物] 1．伟大人物的特征 ①inspire others 激励他人 ②demonstrate leadership 展现领导力 ③exhibit resilience 展现韧性 ④pursue excellence 追求卓越 ⑤serve people heart and soul 全心全意为人民服务 ⑥promote justice 促进公正 ⑦advocate for change 倡导变革 ⑧possess vision 拥有远见 2．伟大人物的成就 ⑨achieve greatness 达成伟大成就 ⑩make a difference 产生影响 ⑪break barriers 打破障碍 ⑫create innovations 创造创新 ⑬win awards 获得奖项 ⑭write influential works 撰写有影响力的作品 ⑮influence generations 影响几代人 ⑯shape history 创造历史 3．伟大人物的影响 ⑰change perceptions 改变看法 ⑱spark conversations 激发讨论 ⑲foster collaboration 促进合作 ⑳ignite passion 点燃热情 ㉑promote peace 促进和平 ㉒inspire future leaders 激励未来的领导者 4．伟大人物的意义 ㉓epresent change 代表变革 ㉔encourage self­discovery 鼓励自我发现 ㉕foster unity 促进团结 ㉖enhance understanding 增强理解 ㉗promote lifelong learning 促进终身学习 ㉘celebrate achievements 庆祝成就 (二)读后续写[伟大人物话题＋外貌描写(1)] Ⅰ.教材语料背诵 词汇 [动作描写]　obtain；acknowledge；defeat；encounter；mourn；commit oneself to；insist on；come to power [人物描写]　committed；academic；genius；gentle；passion→passionate；extraordinary；moustache；remarkable 佳句 1．Tu Youyou，a committed and patient scientist，was born in Ningbo，China，on 30 December 1930，and graduated from Peking University Medical School in 1955.(人物描写) 2．It is indeed an honour for China's scientific research and Chinese medicine to be spread around the world.(主旨升华) 3．Einstein was not only a genius；he was a courageous and kind figure loved by many people.(人物描写) 4．To the public，he was seen as a slightly odd­looking but kind and funny man.(人物描写) Ⅱ.拓展语料积累 词汇 slim adj.瘦的；fair adj.白皙的；sunburned adj.晒得黝黑而好看的；athletic adj.健美的；wrinkled adj.有皱纹的；bald adj秃头的；well­built adj.身强力壮的，体格健美的；bright blue eyes 明亮的蓝眼睛；long flowing hair 飘逸的长发；rosy cheeks 红润的脸颊；delicate features 精致的五官；graceful posture 优雅的姿态；radiant smile 灿烂的微笑 佳句 1．Her smile was radiant, lighting up the room and warming the hearts of everyone around her. 她的微笑那么灿烂，照亮了整个房间，温暖了周围每一个人的心。 2．He had a strong build, with broad shoulders and a confident stance that commanded respect. 他身材健壮，宽阔的肩膀和自信的姿态令人敬畏。 3．She moved with the grace of a dancer, every step light and fluid, captivating everyone around her. 她的举止如舞者般优雅，每一步都轻盈流畅，吸引着周围每个人的目光。 4．Standing before us was a gentle old lady whose wrinkled face formed a portrait of beauty. 站在我们面前的是一位温文尔雅的老妇人，她那布满皱纹的脸却无比的美丽。 Ⅲ.语料综合运用(用上述语料完成续写) [前情提示]　荷兰一半以上的国土海拔低于海平面，这意味着如果没有堤坝，海水就会将这个国家淹没。一天晚上，一个叫彼得的小男孩发现堤坝上有一个小洞，小洞里的水不断流出。彼得明白，如果不立即处理，这个小洞会变大，最终可能会引发洪水淹没整个国家。于是，他决定用手指堵住洞口，坚持了一整夜。次日早晨，一个路过的人发现了他，随后人们修补了洞口，避免了一场可能的灾难…… [续写构思]　听到彼得的呻吟声→确认情况的严重性→采取行动→共同修复堤坝→哲理感悟 　　第二天一大早，一个要去上班的人听到了彼得的呻吟声。这个人，身材健美，一双明亮的蓝眼睛，带着一副关切的表情，冲向了堤坝。“怎么了，孩子？”他跪在彼得旁边，问道。“堤坝上有个洞，如果它变大了，涌出来的水就会把所有东西都淹了！”彼得坚持说，他的声音急切地颤抖着。那人很快就确认了情况的严重性，并立即采取了行动。他大声呼救，很快一群村民就来了，带来了工具和材料来修复堤坝。当他们一起行动起来时，彼得感到一种解脱感涌上心头。他已经尽了自己的一份力，现在社区正团结起来保护他们的家园。最后，彼得了解到，即使是一个小小的勇敢行为也会产生重大影响，他发誓要时刻保持警惕，保护他深爱的国家。 　　Early the next morning, a man going to work heard Peter's groan.The man, ①a well­built figure with bright blue eyes and a concerned expression, rushed over to the dike (堤坝).“What happened, boy？” he asked, kneeling beside Peter.“There's a hole in the dike! If it gets bigger, the water welled out will flood everything！” Peter insisted, ②his voice trembling with urgency．The man quickly ③acknowledged the seriousness of the situation and sprang into action.He called for help loudly, and soon a group of villagers arrived, ④bringing tools and materials to repair the dike.As they worked together, Peter ⑤felt a sense of relief wash over him．He had done his part, and now the community was coming together to protect their home.In conclusion, Peter learned that even a small act of bravery could ⑥lead to a significant impact, and he vowed to always be vigilant in safeguarding his beloved country. (时间：30分钟　满分：35分) Ⅰ.阅读理解(共8小题，每小题2.5分，共20分) A (2025·吉林高中毕业年级第一次模拟测试)A 13­year­old boy, Jonathan Werner, is breaking a new path when it comes to the Scout(童子军)slogan “Do a Good Turn Daily”．The boy in Troop 506 has got an unusual high rank for someone of that age. Like many troops, 506 sells popcorn each fall to raise money.In 2019, Jonathan watched as kids who'd made $1, 800 or more in sales received a Lego set as a reward.“I really wanted that Lego set，” he says. The next year, he earned his Lego set.But Troop 506 doesn't just give out Lego sets.Under its generous reward program, scouts receive a percentage of their sales in gift cards and cash points.Inspired, Jonathan spent the next few years developing some astonishing tricks for selling. Popcorn too expensive? A simple donation would do.No cash? Credit cards were acceptable.He set up in front of local stores, working 12 hours a day.He even struck a deal with a car dealer: In all his sales efforts, he'd wear a mask with the company's logo if the owner would buy popcorn for all his employees. Jonathan started pulling down jaw­dropping numbers.In 2021, he earned $46, 193.75 in sales.He might have spent much on himself, but he had other ideas.The popcorn season closes in late November, and the holidays were on his mind—particularly the stories his father, Steve Kolk, had told him about his own days in foster(寄养)care. “They didn't really have New Year，”Jonathan says.With $5, 000, he could bring New Year to a lot of kids.He shifted from a big seller to a big spender, hand­selecting $5, 000 worth of gifts for dozens of kids according to their personal details.Each present must be hand­wrapped.And no kid should get just one gift.If you weren't unwrapping at least two packages, you weren't getting the real New Year­morning experience that his father never had. The next year he strengthened his efforts, achieving a higher aim in sales and spending more on gifts.“It really makes me happy，”he says, “the feeling that I'm making those kids happy on New Year.” [语篇解读]本文是记叙文。本文主要介绍了Jonathan Werner是如何实现自我并且超越自我，积极投身于慈善活动的。 1．What originally motivated Jonathan to sell more popcorn? A．Making money for Lego sets. B．Being persuaded by scout kids. C．Desiring a toy he dreamed about. D．Receiving gift cards and cash points. C　[细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“In 2019, Jonathan watched as kids who'd made $1, 800 or more in sales received a Lego set as a reward.‘I really wanted that Lego set’”可知，Jonathan看到其他孩子因为卖爆米花赚了1 800美元或者更多并因此获得了一套乐高套装作为奖励时，他也想要一套乐高。故选C项。C选项“Desiring a toy he dreamed about”是对原文“I really wanted that Lego set”的同义转换。] 2．What is Paragraph 4 mainly about? A．Challenges Jonathan met in sales. B．Help that the car dealer provided. C．Marketing strategies Jonathan used. D．The role the reward program played. C　[段落大意题。根据第四段内容可知，如果觉得爆米花太贵，纯粹的捐助也可以。如果没带现金，信用卡也是可以的。他把地点设在当地的商店门口，一天营业12个小时。他甚至和一个汽车经销商达成协议以卖出更多爆米花。所以可知该段主要讲述了为了把爆米花卖出去，Jonathan使用的一些营销策略。故选C项。] 3．Why did Jonathan turn into a big spender over New Year? A．He hoped the kids could experience real New Year. B．His father suggested he should pay it forward. C．He had earned enough money to spend on gifts. D．A scout should do this during the popcorn closing season. A　[推理判断题。根据第六段中的“They didn't really have New Year”“With $5，000...He shifted from a big seller to a big spender”和该段最后一句可推知，寄养中心的那些孩子们没有真正庆祝过新年，Jonathan决定拿出5 000美元给他们买礼物，让他们过一个真正的新年，故选A项。] 4．Which of the following can best describe Jonathan? A．Determined, caring. B．Generous, cautious. C．Confident, economical. D．Modest, optimistic. A　[推理判断题。根据第三段第一句话“The next year, he earned his Lego set”可知，接下来的那一年，他得到了他想要的乐高套装，这说明他是一个坚持实现目标的坚定的人；再根据第六段中的“hand­selecting $5，000 worth of gifts for dozens of kids according to their personal details”可知，Jonathan拿出5 000美元，根据寄养中心几十个孩子的个人特点给他们买礼物，这说明他是一个关爱他人的人。故选A项。] B (2025·济南市高中三年级摸底考试)The red­crowned crane(丹顶鹤) is a kind of national first­class protected wildlife.However, due to environmental and ecological damage, the number of red­crowned cranes had been dangerously declining when Zhao Shiwei joined the Zhaoquan River Management Station in 1992.Artificial breeding(繁殖) of red­crowned cranes became an important part of Zhao's work. 3 red­crowned crane birds hatched at the station through his artificial program in 1996.But despite tasting success, Zhao and his team encountered hardships the following year.In 1997, not a single red­crowned crane bird hatched.And in 1998, only one red­crowned crane chick hatched through artificial breeding, but it died soon after. In 1999, the station rescued 7 injured red­crowned cranes from the wild, which brought a crucial ray of hope for the program.That drove Zhao and his colleagues to check temperature control devices, go through a huge amount of data, and seek advice from experts, hoping to achieve a breakthrough in artificial breeding.They tried every possible method, even consulting technicians from nearby chicken farms.Finally, the artificial breeding program improved a lot.Later, 85 red­crowned crane birds hatched at the station through a combination of artificial and natural breeding methods.Over the past 30 years, Zhao has always been personally involved in the hatching process.“This part is the most crucial; there cannot be the slightest error，” he said. Later, Zhao realized that with the number of artificially bred red­crowned cranes increasing, the bond between the cranes and humans was growing stronger.“But they are the spirits of nature and hence should return to nature，” Zhao said.Therefore, Zhao provided outdoor training for artificially bred red­crowned cranes in the reserve in order to increase the number of wild red­crowned cranes.Up to now, Zhao and his team have bred and released more than 200 red­crowned cranes after ensuring they will be able to survive in nature. [语篇解读]本文是记叙文。主要介绍了赵仕伟为拯救丹顶鹤所做的贡献。 5.What does the author imply about the red­crowned cranes in the first two paragraphs? A．They face the danger of extinction. B．They top all other wildlife in value. C．Their artificial breeding started in 1992. D．Their number stopped declining in 1996. A　[推理判断题。根据第一段的“the number of red­crowned cranes had been dangerously declining...in 1992”可知，在1992年赵仕伟加入管理站的时候，丹顶鹤的数量在急剧减少。再根据第二段的“In 1997, not a single red­crowned crane bird hatched...but it died soon after”可知，1997年，一只丹顶鹤都没有被孵化出来。在1998年，虽然通过人工繁殖孵化出来一只，但是它很快就死掉了。综上所述，丹顶鹤面临着灭绝的危险，故选A项。] 6．What was the turning point in the artificial breeding program? A．Rescuing 7 wild cranes. B．Hiring some wildlife experts. C．Raising sufficient funds. D．Purchasing advanced devices. A　[细节理解题。根据第三段的“In 1999, the station rescued...which brought a crucial ray of hope for the program”可知，在1999年，管理站成功救助了7只受伤的野生丹顶鹤，这件事为这个项目带来了至关重要的希望的曙光。故选A项。文中的“a crucial ray of hope”与题目中的“the turning point”是同义转换。] 7．Why did Zhao train cranes outdoors? A．To give tourists chances to admire cranes. B．To improve cranes' survival skills in the wild. C．To increase the number of artificially­bred cranes. D．To strengthen the bond between cranes and humans. B　[推理判断题。根据第四段的“Therefore, Zhao provided outdoor training...to increase the number of wild red­crowned cranes”可知，赵仕伟提供野外训练给人工繁殖的丹顶鹤是为了增加野生丹顶鹤的数量，也就是提高它们的野外生存技能。文中的“ensuring they will be able to survive in nature”也是提示，同时与B选项“To improve cranes' survival skills in the wild”对应，故选B项。] 8．What can we learn from Zhao's work? A．Practice makes perfect. B．Well begun is half done. C．Continuous efforts pay off. D．Opportunities lie in preparation. C　[推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句“Up to now, Zhao and his team have bred...to survive in nature”可知，直到现在赵仕伟和他的团队已经人工繁殖200多只丹顶鹤，且在确保它们能在野外活下来后放走了他们。所以可推知，他们多年来的努力得到了回报。故选C项。] Ⅱ.完形填空(共15小题，每小题1分，共15分) (2025·吉林高中毕业年级第一次模拟测试)Bunny Shaw collects all the old football boots her Manchester City teammates don't want.As Jamaica's top goal scorer, she can easily 1 any boots she wants, but she knows that many young Jamaicans don't have money, so whenever she goes back, she 2 those top­quality secondhand boots as 3 in local female football competitions. Born in 1997 in Spanish Town, Khadija Shaw was the youngest of 13 children.One of her older brothers used “Bunny” as her 4 ．She loved watching him play football on the street.“A lot of people would gather and 5 on who was going to win，”Shaw 6 ．“I thought, I wanted to be a part of that！”So she 7 them. Her parents weren't 8 ，who valued their kids' education very much.Her mother in particular thought football was a 9 of time.In Jamaica there were no women's teams.“But I wanted to play football，”said Shaw, who dreamed of competing in the sport's greatest 10 ．So she'd play while her mother was out until she was 11 at age 14 for the Jamaica Under 15s football team.Her father 12 Bunny's mother that it would be a valuable experience for their daughter. Bunny Shaw was on her way.She made the national team in 2015.When the Jamaican national team 13 for the 2019 Women's World Cup after beating Panama, Shaw's 14 was realized.“When I 15 where I was then and where I am now, I'm proud of myself，”says Jamaica's top goal scorer. [语篇解读]本文是记叙文。Khadija Shaw从小就喜欢足球，她不顾父母的反对，坚持踢足球，最终在2015年进入牙买加国家队，后又参加2019年女足世界杯。此外，她每次比赛完回来都会收集高质量的二手足球鞋赠送给那些没有钱购买球鞋的牙买加年轻人。 1． A．share B．afford C．exchange D．command B　[根据上文的“As Jamaica's top goal scorer”可知，Shaw是牙买加的头号得分手；再结合下文的“but she knows that many young Jamaicans don't have money”(但她知道很多牙买加年轻人没有钱)可知，此处与下文形成转折关系，表示Shaw 可以轻松地买得起(afford)任何她想要的球鞋。exchange“交换，互换”；command“命令，应得，控制”。] 2． A．sells B．buys C．requires D．presents D　[上文写到Shaw收集所有她的队友不想要的旧足球鞋，而且她知道很多牙买加年轻人没有钱买得起球鞋，所以每当她回牙买加时，她都会把那些高质量的二手球鞋作为当地女子足球比赛的奖品赠送(presents)出去。require“需要”。] 3． A．medals B．prizes C．punishments D．challenges B　[参见上题解析。medal“奖牌”；prize“奖品”；punishment “惩罚”；challenge“挑战”。] 4． A．nickname B．title C．honor D．gift A　[根据上文的“Khadija Shaw was the youngest of 13 children”可知，Shaw是家里13个孩子中最小的，她的其中一个哥哥给她起了个昵称(nickname)叫“Bunny”。title“头衔，称谓”；honor“荣誉，名誉”。] 5． A．decided B．called C．bet D．insisted C　[此处表示很多人会聚集在一起，赌(bet)谁会赢。insist“坚决要求，坚持”。] 6． A．recalls B．confirms C．admits D．declares A　[Shaw话中的时态为过去时，描述的是过去发生的事情，故此处表示Shaw回忆道(recalls)。confirm“确证，证实，证明”；admit“承认”；declare“宣布，声明”。] 7． A．rejected B．praised C．joined D．admired C　[根据上文的“I thought, I wanted to be a part of that！”可知，Shaw想成为他们中的一员，所以她加入(joined)了他们。reject“拒绝(接受)”；praise“赞扬，称赞”；admire “敬佩，钦佩”。] 8． A．disappointed B．annoyed C．concerned D．delighted D　[根据下文的“who valued their kids' education very much”和“she'd play while her mother was out”可知，Shaw的父母十分重视孩子的教育，对她踢足球这件事感到不高兴。故选D。disappointed“失望的”；annoyed“烦恼的，生气的”；concerned“担心的，忧虑的”；delighted“高兴的”。] 9． A．waste B．matter C．lack D．sign A　[根据上文的“who valued their kids' education very much”和下文的“In Jamaica there were no women's teams”“she'd play while her mother was out”可推知，当时牙买加并没有女子足球队，Shaw的妈妈也不支持她踢足球，认为踢足球是浪费时间。故选A。] 10．A．ceremony B．tournament C．gym D．practice B　[根据上文的“I wanted to play football”可知，Shaw想踢足球，梦想着参加最伟大的锦标赛(tournament)。ceremony“典礼，仪式”；gym“体育馆”。] 11．A．removed B．adopted C．selected D．appreciated C　[根据空后的“for the Jamaica Under 15s football team”可知，Shaw的妈妈并不支持她踢球，直到14岁她被选入(selected)牙买加15岁以下青年足球队。remove“开除”；adopt“收养，领养”；appreciate“欣赏”。] 12．A．convinced B．ordered C．inquired D．forced A　[根据下文的“it would be a valuable experience for their daughter”可知，Shaw的爸爸说服(convinced)Shaw的妈妈让女儿踢足球，认为这是一次宝贵的经历。order “命令”；inquire“询问，打听”；force“强制，逼迫”。] 13．A．applied B．qualified C．prepared D．trained B　[根据下文的“after beating Panama”可知，牙买加国家队击败巴拿马后获得2019年女足世界杯参赛资格。qualify“获得资格，获得比赛资格”，故选B。apply“申请”；prepare“准备”；train“训练，培训”。] 14．A．belief B．game C．success D．dream D　[根据第三段的“Shaw, who dreamed of competing in the sport's greatest 10 ”可知，Shaw的梦想(dream)实现了。belief“信心，信念”。] 15．A．look up to B．look forward to C．look back on D．look out for C　[根据下文的“where I was then and where I am now”和语境可知，当Shaw回顾(look back on)过去和现在，她为自己感到骄傲。look up to“敬仰”；look forward to“期待”；look out for“当心，提防”。] 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $