必修第二册 UNIT 4 HISTORY AND TRADITIONS（教师用书Word）-【正禾一本通】2026年新高考英语高三一轮总复习高效讲义（人教版）

该高中英语高考复习讲义围绕“历史与文化”主题，整合词汇（核心、多义、阅读、拓展）、句式（宾语从句、with复合结构等）及语篇背诵核心考点，按“分类识记-语境应用-真题检测”逻辑架构知识点。通过考点梳理（词汇多维背诵）、方法指导（熟词生义辨析）、真题训练（高考真题填空与写作）环节，帮助学生系统突破难点，体现复习针对性。 讲义特色在于多维词汇记忆法（分类+语篇串记）与真题语境深度融合，如charge多义辨析结合2024浙江卷真题例句，培养语言能力与思维品质。设置春节应用文写作任务，融入传统习俗词汇，提升文化意识。分层检测（单词默写、句式仿写）保障复习效果，为教师把控复习节奏、学生提升应考能力提供有力支撑。

任务(一)　词汇、句式、语篇背诵 词汇多维背诵(分类识记，各个击破) 核心单词 围绕话题：历史与文化 1．individual contributions to culture 　　　　 个人对文化的贡献 2．roar of the battle reoccurring 战斗重演的轰鸣声 3．surround the ancient battle sites 环绕古战场 4．charge for entry to the gallery 收取画廊的入场费 5．ensure the preservation of traditions 确保传统的保存 6．landscape of historical changes 历史变迁的景观 7．approach the museum with eager anticipation 带着热切的期待走近博物馆 8．transition of cultural practices 文化实践的转变 多义单词 词组(一)　熟词生义与词性活用 1．belong [熟义]vi.属于→[生义]vi.适应；应在(某处)：belong in the kitchen 应在厨房 2．puzzle [熟义]n.谜；疑问 vt.迷惑；使困惑→[生义]n.智力游戏：a crossword puzzle 一个填字游戏 3．chief adj.最重要的；最高级别的→n.(公司或机构的)首领；酋长[词性活用]：the chief of the tribe 部落的酋长 4．crowd n．人群；一群人；民众→vt.使……拥挤；挤满[词性活用]：crowd the room with furniture 把房间塞满家具 词组(二)　一词多义 1．charge n．收费；指控；主管 vt.收费；控告；充电 vi.向……方向冲去 ①admission charge 入场费 ②face a charge of theft 面临盗窃指控 ③in charge of the project 负责项目 ④charge a fee for service 收取服务费 ⑤charge someone with a crime 控告某人犯罪 ⑥charge the battery 给电池充电 ⑦charge towards the enemy 向敌人冲去 2．amount n．金额；数量 vi.总计，共计；相当于，等于 ①a large amount of money 大量的钱 ②amount to a significant sum 总计为一笔可观的金额 ③amount to the same thing 相当于同一件事 3.approach n．方法；途径；接近 vt.接近；接洽；着手处理 vi.靠近 ①a new approach to teaching 一种新的教学方法 ②the approach of winter 冬天的来临 ③approach a potential client 接洽一位潜在客户 ④approach the problem systematically 系统地处理问题 ⑤approach the finish line 靠近终点线 4．position n．位置；姿态；职位 vt.安装；安置；使处于 ①the position of the building 建筑物的位置 ②a comfortable sitting position 舒适的坐姿 ③apply for a managerial position 申请管理职位 ④position the books on the shelf 把书放在书架上 ⑤He positioned himself as a leader in the industry.他在行业中确立了自己的领导地位。 5.roll vi.& vt.(使)翻滚；(使)滚动；发出持续的声音 n．卷(轴)；翻滚 ①roll down the hill 从山上滚下来 ②thunder rolled in the distance 远处雷声滚滚 ③a roll of paper 一卷纸 ④perform a roll in the air 在空中翻滚 6.dot n．点；小(圆)点 vt.加点；遍布 ①a dot on the map 地图上的一个点 ②dot your i's 在字母i上加点(比喻一丝不苟地完成某项任务或工作) ③stars dot the night sky 星星遍布夜空 阅读单词 1．Confucius　 n．孔子 2．mansion n．公馆；宅第 3．cemetery n．墓地；公墓 4．heel n．足跟；(脚、袜子、鞋等的)后跟 5．kingdom n．王国；领域 6．military adj.军事的；军用的 7．cattle n．牛 8．scent n．气味；气息 9．stew n．炖菜(有肉和蔬菜) vt.& vi.炖；煨 10．conquer vt.占领；征服；控制 11．port n．港口(城市) 12．butter n．黄油；奶油 vt.涂黄油于 13．honey n．蜂蜜 14．snack n．点心；小吃 15．ocean n．大海；海洋 16.pub 　 　　 n．酒吧；酒馆 17．wine n．葡萄酒；果酒 18．beer n．(一杯)啤酒 19．sensory adj.感觉的；感官的[词根：sense n．感觉官能；感觉] 20．courtyard n.庭院；院子[联想：court n．法院；球场] 21．ancestor n．祖宗；祖先[前缀an­意为“开始的，起初的，古老的”] 22．philosophy n．哲学[比较：psychology n．心理学] 23．descendant n．后裔；后代；子孙 24．currency n．通货；货币[助记：current n．水流，电流] 25．county n．(英国、爱尔兰的)郡；(美国的)县[对比：country n．国家] 26．feast n．盛宴；宴会；节日[助记：feast for eyes视觉盛宴] 拓展单词 1.puzzle n.　　　　　 谜；智力游戏；疑问 vt. 迷惑；使困惑 puzzling adj. 令人困惑的 puzzled adj. 感到困惑的 2．belong vi. 应在(某处)；适应 belonging n. [U]归属；[pl.]所有物，财产 3．defend v. 防御；保卫 defence n. 防御；保卫 defensive adj. 防御的；保护的 4．legal adj. 法律的；合法的 illegal adj. 不合法的 legally adv. 法律上地 5．surround vt. 围绕；包围 surrounding adj. 周围的；附近的 surroundings n. 环境 6．evidence n. 证据；证明 evident adj. 明显的 7．achieve vt. 达到；实现 achievement n. 成就；成绩；达到 8．locate vt. 确定……的准确地点；找出……的位置 location n. 地方；地点；位置 located adj. 坐落于；位于 ,9.fascinate v.　 　　 使……入迷，迷住 fascinating adj. 极有吸引力的；迷人的 fascinated adj. 着迷的 10．announce vt. 宣布；通知；声称 announcement n. 宣布；通知 announcer n. 广播员；解说员 11．generous adj. 慷慨的；大方的；丰富的 generosity n. 慷慨；大方 12．eager adj. 热切的；渴望的 eagerly adv. 热心地；急切地 eagerness n. 热切；渴望 13．poet n. 诗人 poem n. 诗歌 poetry n. 诗歌(总称) 14．greet vt. 问候；迎接 greeting n. 问候；致意 15．custom n. 风俗；习俗；习惯 customer n. 顾客 customs n. 海关 16．strike vt. 打击；攻击；打动 n. 罢工 striking adj. 引人注目的；显著的 17．crowd n. 人群；一群人；民众 vt. 挤满；使……拥挤 crowded adj. 拥挤的 重点短语 1．break away (from sb/sth) 脱离；背叛；逃脱 2．keep one's eyes open (for) 留心；留意 3．in charge 负责，管理 4．have a great influence on... 对……有很大影响 5．take over 接管，掌管 6．leave behind 留下 7．result in 导致 8．join...to... 把……和……连接或联结起来[同义：connect/ link...to...] 9．belong to 属于[点拨：没有被动语态，作后置定语用 v.­ing形式] 10．as well as 同(一样也)；和；还[对比：as well，常用于句尾] 11．lead to 导致[同义：bring about；result in] 12．add...to... 把……加上……[对比：add to 增加， 加强] 单元佳句过关(遮挡背诵，自我检测) 1.The United Kingdom，Great Britain，Britain，England—many people are confused by what these different names mean.(what引导宾语从句) 2．They use the same flag，known as the Union Jack，as well as share the same currency and military defence.(分词短语作定语) 3．The peaceful landscape of the “Emerald Isle” and its many green counties is a true feast for the eyes，with its rolling green hills dotted with sheep and cattle.(with复合结构；自然风光描写) 4．With all this beauty，it is not surprising that Ireland has developed strong traditions that include music，dancing，and dining.(It is＋adj.＋that...) [遮住左栏尝试背诵] 1．联合王国、大不列颠、英国、英格兰——很多人对这些不同名称的含义感到困惑。 2．他们使用同样的国旗，即英国国旗，也共享同样的货币和国防。 3．“绿宝石(爱尔兰)岛”风光宁静秀美，郡县草木葱茏，青山连绵起伏，牛羊点缀其中，堪称一场名副其实的视觉盛宴。 4．乡村景色如此优美，爱尔兰形成了包括音乐、舞蹈以及餐饮在内的浓厚的文化传统也就一点也不让人觉得奇怪了。 语篇串记词汇(背美文，记单词) 　　Qufu in Shandong Province is the hometown of Confucius, founder of the Confucian school of philosophy.There are many cultural sites, among which the most famous are the Mansion, the Temple and the Cemetery of Confucius. Confucius belonged to the State of Lu in the Spring and Autumn Period.By the time of the Warring States Period, there were seven chief kingdoms left.Sometimes, they were joined to each other because the power of an individual kingdom was too small, and sometimes they broke away from each other.During this period, the kingdoms went through a number of battles, including military offensive as well as military defence.Finally the State of Qin conquered the other six kingdoms and united China.After that, the Qin Dynasty established a new legal system and unified currency.Evidence shows that the Qin Dynasty made great achievements in many aspects.Why the Qin Dynasty was strong is no longer a puzzle. [遮住左栏，忆加黑词汇] 山东曲阜是孔子的故乡，孔子是儒家哲学的创始人。这里有许多文化遗址，其中最著名的有孔府、孔庙和孔林。 孔子属于春秋时期的鲁国。到战国时期，只剩下七个大国。由于单个王国的力量过于薄弱，它们相互联合，有时又相互分离。在这一时期，这些王国经历了许多战役，包括军事攻击和军事防御。最终，秦国征服了其他六国，统一了中国。此后，秦朝建立了新的法律制度并统一了货币。证据表明，秦朝在许多方面都取得了巨大的成就。秦朝为什么强大已经不再是个谜了。 任务(二)　背诵过关检测 Ⅰ.单词检测 (Ⅰ)英汉互译 1．Confucius 　 　 n．孔子 2．cemetery n．墓地；公墓 3．philosophy n．哲学 4．descendant n．后裔；后代；子孙 5．currency n．通货；货币 6．military adj.军事的；军用的 7．ancestor n．祖宗；祖先 8．conquer vt.占领；征服；控制 9．scent n．气味；气息 10．transition n．过渡；转变；变迁 11．individual adj.单独的；个别的 n．个人 12．feast n．盛宴；宴会；节日 13．battle n．战役；搏斗 vi.& vt.搏斗；奋斗 14．gallery n．(艺术作品的)展览馆；画廊 15．ensure vt.保证；确保；担保 16．roar vi.& n．吼叫；咆哮 (Ⅱ)熟词生义与一词多义 1．the chief of the tribe 　 　 部落的酋长 2．belong in the kitchen 应在厨房 3．a crossword puzzle 一个填字游戏 4．crowd the room with furniture 把房间塞满家具 5．charge someone with a crime 控告某人犯罪 6．charge the battery 给电池充电 7．amount to a significant sum 总计为一笔可观的金额 8．approach a potential client 接洽一位潜在客户 9．approach the problem systematically 系统地处理问题 10．position the books on the shelf 把书放在书架上 11．a roll of paper 一卷纸 12．stars dot the night sky 星星遍布夜空 (Ⅲ)写出派生或词性、词义 1．puzzle n．谜；智力游戏；疑问 vt.迷惑；使困惑→puzzling adj.令人困惑的→puzzled adj.感到困惑的 2．defend v．防御；保卫→defence n．防御；保卫→defensive adj.防御的；保护的 3．surround vt.围绕；包围→surrounding adj.周围的；附近的→surroundings n．环境 4．evidence n．证据；证明→evident adj.明显的 5．achieve vt.达到；实现→achievement n．成就；成绩；达到 6．locate vt.确定……的准确地点；找出……的位置→location n．地方；地点；位置→located adj.坐落于；位于 7．fascinate v．使……入迷，迷住→fascinating adj.极有吸引力的；迷人的→fascinated adj.着迷的 8．announce vt.宣布；通知；声称→announcement n．宣布；通知→announcer n．广播员；解说员 9．generous adj.慷慨的；大方的；丰富的→generosity n．慷慨；大方 10．eager adj.热切的；渴望的→eagerly adv.热心地；急切地→eagerness n．热切；渴望 11．custom n．风俗；习俗；习惯→customer n．顾客→customs n．海关 12．strike vt.打击；攻击；打动 n．罢工→striking adj.引人注目的；显著的 Ⅱ.短语英汉互译 1．break away (from sb/sth)　 脱离；背叛；逃脱 2．in charge 负责，管理 3．have a great influence on... 对……有很大影响 4．belong to 属于 5．as well as 同(一样也)；和；还 6．add...to... 把……加上…… 7．keep one's eyes open (for) 留心；留意 8．take over 接管，掌管 9．leave behind 留下 10．lead to 导致 Ⅲ.佳句默写(温馨提示：用衡水体认真书写) 1．联合王国、大不列颠、英国、英格兰——很多人对这些不同名称的含义感到困惑。(what引导宾语从句) The United Kingdom，Great Britain，Britain，England—many people are confused by what these different names mean. 2．他们使用同样的国旗，即英国国旗，也共享同样的货币和国防。(分词短语作定语) They use the same flag，known as the Union Jack，as well as share the same currency and military defence. 3．“绿宝石(爱尔兰)岛”风光宁静秀美，郡县草木葱茏，青山连绵起伏，牛羊点缀其中，堪称一场名副其实的视觉盛宴。(with复合结构；自然风光描写) The peaceful landscape of the “Emerald Isle” and its many green counties is a true feast for the eyes，with its rolling green hills dotted with sheep and cattle. Part 1　核心词句——学表达 surround vt.围绕；包围→surrounding adj.周围的；附近的→surroundings n．周围的事物；环境 【高考真题】　(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷应用文写作)We were surrounded by the sounds of nature, which made the art class even more enjoyable.我们被大自然的声音包围，这使得美术课更加愉快了。 ◎surround...with... 用……包围/围绕…… ◎be surrounded by/with... 被……包围 【写作语料】　 ◎surrounded by beautiful scenery 被美丽的风景围绕 ◎a peaceful surrounding area 宁静的周边区域 ◎natural surroundings inspire creativity 自然环境激发创意 【语境运用】　单句填空/完成句子 ①As I walked through the lush surroundings (surround) of the botanical garden, I felt a deep sense of peace. ②(2023·浙江1月卷)In the Ming Dynasty，the center was the Forbidden City，surrounded (surround) in concentric (同心的) circles by the Inner City and Outer City. ③湖泊被高大的树木围绕，营造出一幅宁静而美丽的景象。 The lake is surrounded by tall trees, creating a serene and picturesque view. charge n．收费；指控；主管 vt.收费；控告；充电；(向……)冲；使充满(……情绪) 【高考真题】　(2024·浙江1月卷应用文写作)Students can take charge of their own fitness by setting personal goals or participate in group challenges to foster teamwork.学生可以通过设定个人目标来掌控自己的健康状况，或参与集体挑战来培养团队合作精神。 ◎charge sb with (doing) sth＝accuse sb of (doing) sth 指控某人犯……罪 ◎charge sb for sth 因某事/物向某人收费 ◎free of charge＝for free 免费 ◎take charge of 掌管(表动作) ◎in charge of 掌管(表状态) ◎in the charge of 被……掌管；由……负责 ◎be charged with... 使充满(……情绪) 【写作语料】　 ◎charge a fee for service收取服务费 ◎in charge of the project负责这个项目 ◎charge towards the enemy向敌人冲锋 ◎charge nothing for the six­week course这六周的课程不收取任何费用 ◎charge him with abuse of power指控他滥用权力 【语境运用】　完成句子/用charge相关短语填空 ①(2021·全国甲卷)我将负责一个主题班会，旨在向外国人介绍中国传统文化。 I will be in charge of/take charge of a theme class meeting designed to introduce traditional Chinese cultures to foreigners. ②汤姆负责组织学校博览会。他决定自己负责售票工作。这次活动对学生们是免费的，但他们向家长收取入场费。一切都很顺利，直到他被指控盗窃。经过调查，发现是钱放错了地方，不是被偷了。 Tom was in charge of organizing the school fair.He decided to take charge of the ticket sales himself.The event was free of charge for students, but they charged parents for entry．Everything was going smoothly until they charged him with theft.After an investigation, it was found that the money was misplaced, not stolen. approach n．方法；途径；接近 vt.接近；接洽；着手处理 vi.靠近 【高考真题】　(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷读后续写)When approaching the finish line，he burst into a big toothy smile and waved to me with excitement.当他接近终点线时，他突然咧嘴一笑，兴奋地向我挥手。[嘴部动作＋兴奋心理描写] ◎an approach to (doing) sth (做)某事的方法/途径 ◎at the approach of 在快到……的时候 【写作语料】　 ◎try a fresh approach 尝试新方法 ◎approach this task with great enthusiasm 以极大的热情对待这项任务 ◎with the Spring Festival approaching/around the corner/drawing near 随着春节的来临 【语境运用】　单句填空/一句多译 ①(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)This outdoor art class provided an approach to learning (learn) that was both refreshing and engaging. ②中秋节快到了，我想邀请你和我们一起过中秋节。[邀请信] →With the Mid­Autumn Festival approaching，I'd like to invite you to join us in celebrating it.(with复合结构；approach) →As the Mid­Autumn Festival is drawing near/around the corner，I'd like to invite you to join us in celebrating it.(as，draw near/around the corner) eager adj.热切的；渴望的→eagerly adv.热心地；急切地→eagerness n．渴望； 热心 【高考真题】　(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷读后续写)With eagerness, I boarded the bus just in time and found a seat. 我怀着急切的心情，及时登上了公交车，并找到了一个座位。[脚部动作＋着急心理描写] ◎be eager to do sth　　渴望做某事 ◎be eager for sth 渴望得到某物 ◎with eagerness 热切地；急切地 【写作语料】　 ◎hide one's eagerness掩饰某人的渴望 ◎want to know the truth with eagerness 急切地想知道真相 ◎be eager to share various interesting things with the elderly 渴望与老人们分享各种有趣的事情 【语境运用】　单句填空/完成句子 ①He eagerly (eager) wanted to give a special present to Grandma，but he was short of money. ②(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)I wanted to catch my bus with eagerness (eager), but I was also eager to repay his kindness. ③听说你渴望在中国的大学学习，亲身体验我们历史悠久的文明，我非常高兴为你提供一些建议。[建议信] Hearing that you are eager to study in a university in China and experience in person our time­honored civilization, I am more than delighted to offer you some advice. break away (from sb/sth) 脱离；背叛；逃脱；突然离开 【高考真题】　(2022·全国甲卷应用文写作)In the 20th century, China began to break away from traditional methods, embracing modern technology.在20世纪，中国开始摆脱传统方法，拥抱现代技术。 ◎break up 打碎；分裂，解体；结束；(关系等)破裂；放假 ◎break down 垮掉；出故障；失败；分解 ◎break into 强行闯入；撬开(汽车等) ◎break out (战争、洪水、火灾等)爆发；发生 【写作语料】　 I'd appreciate it if you could give me some advice on how to break away from the bad habit of smoking.[建议信] 如果你能就如何戒掉吸烟的坏习惯给我一些建议，我将不胜感激。 【语境运用】　用break相关短语填空 在一个宁静的夜晚，邻里间突然传来一阵噪音。一群小偷试图闯入当地的商店。警报响起，很快便叫来了警察。小偷们试图逃离现场，但他们的车开到几条街外就坏了。警察迅速赶到并逮捕了他们。小偷们的计划破裂，宁静得以恢复。 During a peaceful evening, a sudden noise ①broke out in the neighborhood.A group of thieves tried to ②break into the local store．The alarm went off, and the police were called immediately.The thieves tried to ③break away from the scene, but their car ④broke down just a few blocks away.The police quickly caught up and arrested them.The thieves' plan had ⑤broken up, and peace was restored. as well as 同(一样也)；和；还 【高考真题】　(2024·全国甲卷应用文写作)Shared bicycles are easily accessible and promote a healthy lifestyle as well as reduce traffic congestion.共享单车很容易获得，它们不仅能促进健康的生活方式，而且能减少交通拥堵。 ◎as well as意为“既……又……”，可连接两个平行结构。 ◎as well as连接并列主语时，谓语动词与前面的主语一致。 ◎as well意为“也；又；还”，常放在句子末尾，作为副词短语使用。 ◎may/might as well do sth意为“倒不如做某事；不妨做某事”。 【写作语料】　 ◎differ from their previous stressful as well as challenging high school days 与他们以前充满压力和挑战的高中生活不同 【语境运用】　单句填空/完成句子 ①Your wife as well as you is (be) friendly to me, for which I am very grateful. ②(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)Americans are still texting while driving，as well as using (use) social networks and taking photos. ③是您的辛劳和专业的指导让我取得了很大的进步。[感谢信] It was your great efforts as well as your professional guidance that helped me make great progress. ④只有通过均衡饮食、定期锻炼的方式，你才能既保持体形又保持健康。[建议信] Only by means of balanced diets and regular exercises can you keep your figure as well as stay healthy． 句式：if条件状语从句的省略形式 【教材原句】　So what is the difference between them, if any？如果有的话，那么它们之间有什么区别呢？ if构成的常见省略结构： ◎if so如果是这样的话　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 ◎if not如果不这样的话；如果没有 ◎if ever如果有过/发生过的话 ◎if any如果有的话 ◎if possible如果有可能；如果可能的话 ◎if necessary如果有必要的话 ◎if anything如果有什么不同的话；甚至正相反 【写作佳句】　 ①If so, we should reconsider our strategy to ensure success. 如果是这样的话，我们应该重新考虑我们的策略以确保成功。 ②We should try to reduce our carbon footprint, if possible. 如果有可能的话，我们应该尽量减少我们的碳足迹。 ③He is not less motivated; if anything, he is more determined to succeed. 他并没有动力不足，甚至正相反，他更加坚定地要取得成功。 ④We will extend the deadline, if necessary, to ensure the quality of the work. 如果有必要的话，我们将延长截止日期，以确保工作的质量。 【仿写借鉴】　用if省略结构填空/完成句子 ①We must complete the report by Friday, if not, we risk missing the deadline. ②The climate here is quite pleasant，the temperature rarely，if ever，reaching 30℃ in summer. ③如果你方便的话，我们早上八点半在学校门口外见面。如果不方便，让我知道什么时间最适合你。 If it is convenient for you，let's meet at 8：30 am outside the school gate.If not，let me know what time suits you best． Part 2　阅读词汇——善辨义 1．amount ①The total expenses amounted to over five thousand dollars. B ②(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷) A large amount of research confirms this finding. A ③His actions amount to a serious breach of trust. C 2．position Ｋ ①She applied for a senior position at the new company. C ②The statue was positioned in the center of the garden. D ③He maintained a calm position during the entire debate. B ④The GPS showed our exact position on the map. A 3．roll A.vi.& vt.(使)翻滚；(使)滚动　B．vi.& vt.发出持续的声音　C．n.卷(轴)　D．n.翻滚 ①She bought a roll of wrapping paper for the gifts. C ②The thunder rolled across the sky, shaking the windows. B ③The ball rolled down the hill and into the pond. A ④The gymnast performed a perfect roll on the mat. D 巧借前缀de­推测词义 前缀“de­”来源于拉丁语，意思是“向下，减少，去除，否定”。 [本单元]descendant n．后裔；后代；子孙 [相关词]①decline vi.下降，衰退　②decrease vi.& vt.减少　③depress vt.使沮丧 1．The teacher asked the students to debug the program to fix the errors. [词义]de(去除)＋bug(错误)→debug vt.调试，排错 2．The company decided to devalue its currency to boost exports. [词义]de(向下)＋value(价值)→devalue vt.使贬值 3．The government is working to deforest the area for agricultural purposes. [词义]de(去除)＋forest(森林)→deforest vt.砍伐森林 4．The scientist worked to decode the ancient script found in the ruins. [词义]de(去除)＋code(编码)→decode vt.解码 5．The heavy rain caused the soil to degrade, making it less fertile. [词义]de(向下)＋grade(等级)→degrade vi.降解，退化 6．The company decided to decentralize its operations to improve efficiency. [词义]de(去除)＋centralize(集中)→decentralize vt.分散 (一)核心词句专练——单句语法填空 1．The Glasshouse stands as a great building achievement (achieve) in contemporary design. 2．(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)If he seems a little defensive (defend), it might be because even some of his coworkers occasionally laugh at his unusual methods. 3．(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)My name was announced (announce) as the winner in the writing contest, and I was invited to attend the award presentation. 4．(2022·全国乙卷)The figures of the chart show there are various approaches to learning (learn) English beyond the classroom. 5．(2021·浙江6月卷)It was tiring work, but I looked forward to the pay, even though I wasn't sure how much it would amount to． 6．We were discussing anxiously when he broke in，“Perhaps someone had broken into the room and set a fire to it，so the fire broke out．” 7．Surrounded (surround) by green trees，the farm is located at the foot of the hill near our school. 8．The company was charged with environmental violations. 9．As well as going (go) to the movies and football matches with my friends, I spent a lot of time with my pets. 10．Without your generosity (generous) and inspiration，I would not have made such striking (strike) progress. (二)阅读词汇猜词——熟词生义、派生 1．The happy memory of getting along with my best friend crowded into my mind.vt.(想法或观点)涌入(脑海) 2．After reading the book，you must put it where it belongs.vi.应在(某处) 3．(2022·全国Ⅱ卷)Psychologist Susan Levine found children who play with puzzles between ages 2 and 4 later develop better spatial skills.n.智力游戏 4．The chief of the tribe greeted the visitors with a traditional ceremony.n.首领；酋长 5．The government decided to deindustrialize the region, shifting focus to technology and service­based industries. ◎de＋industrial(工业的)＋ize→deindustrialize vt.去工业化 (一)应用文写作[回复邮件——体验中国传统文化春节] 假定你是李华，你的美国笔友David对中国传统文化非常感兴趣，最近他发电子邮件说想来你所在的城市体验一下过春节。请你用英语给他回复邮件，内容包括： 1．表示欢迎； 2．介绍你们是怎么过春节的； 3．告知你的打算并征求他的意见。 选用本单元所学知识和右栏词块翻译句子 第一段：开篇点出写信目的 1．我很高兴听到你渴望在我的城市体验中国的新年！非常欢迎您加入我们。 I'm thrilled to hear that you're eager to experience Chinese New Year in my city! You're more than welcome to join us. 第二段：具体介绍春节风俗 2．春节期间，我们的城市到处被装饰品包围，充满了令人激动的气氛。 During the Spring Festival, our city is surrounded by decorations everywhere, and the atmosphere is charged with excitement. 3．我们先打扫我们的家来辞旧迎新。 We start by cleaning our homes to break away from the old and welcome the new. 4．除夕夜，许多家庭聚在一起参加一场盛大的宴会，其中包括大量美味的传统菜肴。 On New Year's Eve, families gather for a large feast, which includes an amazing amount of delicious traditional dishes. 5．随着午夜的临近，我们燃放烟花来吓跑传说中的年兽，并祈求好运。 As midnight approaches, we set off fireworks to scare away the legendary Nian beast and pray for good luck. 6．我计划带你去参加各种文化活动，如庙会和舞狮，并向你介绍我们的传统和习俗。 I plan to take you to participate in various cultural events, such as temple fairs and lion dances, as well as introduce you to our traditions and customs. 第三段：最后点出期待 7．你觉得怎么样？欢迎分享一下你感兴趣的任何具体活动。期待与你一起庆祝！ How does that sound to you? Feel free to share any specific activities you're interested in.Looking forward to celebrating with you！ [构建语义场——历史与文化] 1．文化探索 ①visit museums 参观博物馆 ②attend cultural festivals 参加文化节 ③explore traditional crafts 探索传统工艺 ④learn about local customs 了解当地习俗 ⑤watch traditional performances 观看传统表演 ⑥visit heritage sites 参观遗产地 ⑦taste traditional cuisine 品尝传统美食 ⑧traditions and customs 传统和习俗 2．文化交流 ⑨engage in language exchange 进行语言交流 host cultural exchange programs 举办文化交流项目 ⑪join cultural clubs 加入文化俱乐部 ⑫volunteer in cultural projects 在文化项目中做志愿者 ⑬attend international conferences 参加国际会议 ⑭participate in cultural dialogues 参与文化对话 ⑮share cultural stories 分享文化故事 3．文化理解 ⑯appreciate cultural diversity 欣赏文化多样性 ⑰foster intercultural understanding 促进跨文化理解 ⑱challenge cultural stereotypes 挑战文化刻板印象 ⑲respect cultural differences 尊重文化差异 ⑳enhance global awareness 增强全球意识 celebrate cultural achievements 庆祝文化成就 understand cultural contexts 理解文化背景 4．历史与文化的意义 honor cultural traditions 尊重文化传统 inspire future generations 激励未来一代 cultivate cultural appreciation 培养文化鉴赏力 support historical research 支持历史研究 (二)读后续写[历史与文化＋自然环境细节描写(2)] Ⅰ.教材语料背诵 词汇 [情感描写]　eager→eagerly→eagerness；puzzle→puzzled→puzzling；fascinate→fascinating→fascinated [动作描写]　surround；battle；approach；greet；break away from；belong to；keep your eyes open (for) 佳句 1．And down by the sea，the roar of the ocean waves and cries of the seabirds make up the music of the coast.(环境描写) 2．On a quiet morning in the mountains，feel the sun on your skin，and breathe in the sweet scent of fresh flowers while birds greet the new day with their morning song.(动作描写＋拟人修辞) 3．With all this beauty，it is not surprising that Ireland has developed strong traditions that include music，dancing and dining.(情感描写) Ⅱ.拓展语料积累 词汇 colourful 五彩斑斓的；snow­covered 积雪覆盖的；golden 金黄色的；breathtaking 令人叹为观止的；picturesque 如画的；crystal­clear waters 清澈见底的水；rolling hills 连绵起伏的山丘；dense forest 茂密的森林；golden sunsets 金色的日落；snow­capped mountains 白雪覆盖的山峰；gentle breeze 轻柔的微风；blooming flowers 盛开的花朵；winding rivers 蜿蜒的河流 佳句 1.The serene lake mirrored the blue sky, creating a perfect reflection of the surrounding mountains. 宁静的湖面倒映着蔚蓝的天空，完美地反射出周围的群山。 2．A gentle breeze rustled through the dense forest, carrying the sweet scent of blooming flowers. 轻柔的微风穿过茂密的森林，带来了盛开花朵的甜美香气。 3．The golden sunset bathed the rolling hills in a warm, amber glow, casting long shadows across the landscape. 金色的日落将连绵起伏的山丘笼罩在温暖的琥珀色光芒中，在大地上投下长长的影子。 4．The crystal­clear water of the river wound through the verdant valley, reflecting the lush greenery on its banks.清澈见底的河水蜿蜒穿过翠绿的山谷，倒映着河岸上茂盛的青枝绿叶。 Ⅲ.语料综合运用(用上述语料完成续写) [前情提示]　圣诞节要到了，Mark家里因为爷爷看病花光了家里的积蓄，没钱买圣诞树了，Mark存钱罐里的钱也不够，他只能赚钱买圣诞树。最终在他的努力下，买到了一棵小圣诞树，甚至还买了装饰品，过了一个快乐的圣诞节。 [续写构思]　买下圣诞树→买装饰品回家→装饰圣诞树→一起过圣诞节 　　他们去了附近的一家商店，用剩余的钱买了一些装饰品。 拿着这剩余的53美元，马克和保罗走进了一家风景如画的小商店，里面摆满了圣诞装饰品。商店布满了各种色彩鲜艳的装饰品、闪烁的灯光和金色的金箔。马克精心挑选了一些装饰品，包括树顶的一颗小星星。他们付了钱，匆匆回家，急于开始装饰。当他们走近自己的公寓时，可以看到被白雪覆盖的屋顶在傍晚的灯光下闪闪发光。到屋内，他们搭起了树，开始挂着装饰品。房间里的欢乐和兴奋是显而易见的。当他们的母亲回到家时，这棵装饰精美的树映入眼帘，她眼前一亮。这是一个他们永远都会记得的充满了爱、希望和节日魔力的圣诞节。 　　They went to a shop nearby and purchased some ornaments with the spare money.With the remaining D|S53, Mark and Paul entered ①a small, picturesque shop that was filled with Christmas decorations.The shop ②was surrounded by an array of colorful ornaments, twinkling lights, and golden tinsel.Mark carefully selected a few ornaments, ③including a small star for the top of the tree.They paid for the items and hurried back home, ④eager to start decorating．As ⑤they approached their flat, they could see ⑥the snow­covered rooftops glistening in the evening light.Inside, they set up the tree and began to hang the ornaments.⑦The amount of joy and excitement in the room was palpable.When their mother returned home, she ⑧was greeted by the breathtaking sight of the beautifully decorated tree．It was a Christmas they would always remember, filled with love, hope, and the magic of the festival. (时间：25分钟　满分：30分) Ⅰ.阅读理解(共7小题，每小题2.5分，共17.5分) A (2025·福州市高三年级第一次质量检测)A good artist website should showcase your art.Think of how art galleries are designed—they are functional and simple with plenty of whitespace on walls.They do this to get out of the way and showcase the art.People didn't come to your website to look at an artistic­looking website.Don't try to make the website its own piece of art—that rarely goes well. Sophie Kahn Sophie Kahn is an artist that focuses on the human body by using digital and sculpting techniques.She uses a 3D image laser (激光) to bring her ideas to life，and you can find these in both print and video forms. This website's design is classic, allowing visitors to learn more about the artist and exhibitions through an easy navigation (导航) bar. Jason Arkles Jason is a sculptor with skills that emphasize the taste of the 19th century.Although his taste is historical, he loves to apply that in a modernistic and forward­moving manner. The homepage is beautiful and simple, with two main elements: the art and links to important pages. Benjamin Hardman Benjamin is a photographer that catches some amazing images of severe environments.You can find images of beautiful landscapes and animals that live in the wild in his works. The website is minimal and is built with potential clients in mind.With its special visual design it takes the clients where they want to go. Andrea Lawl Manning Andrea is an artist that uses paint to create unique and colorful sculptures.This means dried paint, and the various forms can create some really incredible stuff! The website features clickable pictures to see the art in full­screen mode. [语篇解读]本文是应用文。文章介绍了四个不错的艺术家网站。 1．What do good artist websites mainly focus on? A．Artists. B．Artworks. C．Their looks. D．Their homepages. B　[细节理解题。根据第一段的“A good artist website should showcase your art”“People didn't come...Don't try to make the website its own piece of art”可知，一个好的艺术家网站应该展示艺术家的艺术作品，人们来浏览网站不是为了看一个看起来很有艺术感的网站，不要试图让网站本身成为艺术作品。由此可知，好的艺术家网站主要关注艺术作品。故选B。] 2．What is the feature of Sophie Kahn's website? A．It offers a user­friendly menu. B．It provides clickable pictures. C．It reflects historical taste. D．It follows a fancy design. A　[细节理解题。根据“Sophie Kahn”下的“This website's design is classic, allowing visitors to learn more about the artist and exhibitions through an easy navigation (导航) bar”可知，在Sophie Kahn的网站上，访问者可以通过一个简单的导航栏了解更多关于艺术家和展览的信息。A项的“a user­friendly menu”是对文中“an easy navigation(导航)bar”的同义转换。user­friendly “便于使用的，易于掌握的”。故选A。B项“它提供可点击的图片”；C项“它反映历史的品位”；D项“它设计花哨”。] 3．Whose website might appeal to those who are interested in nature? A．Sophie Kahn's.　 　 B．Jason Arkles'. C．Benjamin Hardman's. D．Andrea Lawl Manning's. C　[细节理解题。根据“Benjamin Hardman”下的“Benjamin is a photographer that catches some amazing images of severe environments.You can find images of beautiful landscapes and animals that live in the wild in his works”可知，Benjamin是一名摄影师，他捕捉一些恶劣环境的惊人画面，你可以在他的作品中找到美丽的风景和在野外生活的动物，故选C。] B “Growing fruit trees is a very simple way to stay in love with our world，” says Vivian Keh, playwright and daughter of immigrants, holding a basket of persimmons (柿子) she's cultivated to feel connected to her Korean ancestors.Keh is just one of the 50 remarkable subjects in naturalist writer Amy Stewart's The Tree Collectors：Tales of Arboreal Obsession, a collection of portraits of people transformed by their love of trees. Initially, trees struck Stewart as an odd thing to collect.Intrigued by this community of enthusiasts, she discovered educators, preservationists and visionaries, all drawn to a kind of curation, motivated by reasons diverse as their projects.They plant trees in public and private spaces both modest and expansive，nurturing(培育)their collections to honor the beloved dead，attract wildlife, preserve rare species' connection to history, invest in the future, grow food and create beauty. Stewart categorizes these tree collectors according to their sense of purpose.Kenneth Hoegh, one of the book's “ecologists”，tests which cold­loving species might grow in warming and historically treeless Greenland.“Healer” Joe Hamilton plants loblolly pines on a parcel of land he got from his enslaved ancestors with an eye toward long­term sustainable forestry which he hopes will establish a source of generational wealth for his family.Reagan Wytsalucy has a plan to restore traditional peach orchards on Navajo land as one of the “community builders” who seek to bring people together. Adding to the book's charm are Stewart's watercolor illustrations—she gives us a look at each of her human subjects while also cataloging the most wonderful qualities of featured trees, such as Seussian eucalyptus seed pods and delicate camellia blossoms. After spending time in this varied commonwealth, you'll undoubtedly experience an intense desire to rest under the shade of a leafy oak.But something even deeper is happening here.By creating a space for people to talk about something they love, Stewart makes people feel more tender­hearted toward their fellow humans.“How often do any of us get a chance to pour our hearts out to a stranger？” she writes.“Somehow, talking about trees makes it possible.” [语篇解读]本文是说明文。本文主要介绍了Amy Stewart的《树木收藏家：对树木的痴迷》一书的相关内容，并说明了该书在加强社会联系方面的积极作用。 4．What does the underlined word “curation” in Paragraph 2 mean? A．Connection. B．Collection. C．Treatment. D．Transformation. B　[词句猜测题。画线词后讲述的这些人在公共和私人空间种植树木，培育他们的收藏品。所以此处是指他们都被这种收藏品吸引。故答案为B项“收集物，收藏品”。] 5．What purpose of planting trees is mentioned in Paragraph 3? A．To preserve rare species. B．To honor the beloved dead. C．To develop new varieties. D．To strengthen social bonds. D　[推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句话“Reagan Wytsalucy has a plan...who seek to bring people together”可知，Reagan Wytsalucy 计划恢复纳瓦霍人土地上的传统桃园，作为寻求将人们聚集在一起的“社区建设者”之一。也就是说该段中提到的植树的目的之一是把人们聚在一起，加强社会联系，故选D。] 6．What does the quote in the last paragraph suggest about discussing trees? A．It inspires new ideas. B．It rarely happens in public. C．It allows deep emotional sharing. D．It helps resolve environmental issues. C　[细节理解题。根据最后一段内容可知，通过为人们创造一个他们可以谈论所爱之物的地方，Stewart 让人们对其他同胞变得更加善良。谈论树木让人们有机会向陌生人倾诉心声。也就是说讨论树木让人们有机会进行深入的情感分享，故选C。A项“它激发新的想法”；B项“它很少在公共场合发生”；C项“它允许深入的情感分享”；D项“它有助于解决环境问题”。] 7．What does the writer think of the book? A．Complicated. B．Conventional. C．Inspiring. D．Intense. C　[观点态度题。根据第一段最后一句中的“该书为作品集，包含了对因热爱树木而改变的人们的详细描述”、第四段的“为这本书增添魅力的是Stewart的水彩插图——她不仅让我们看到了她的每一位人类对象，还详细记录了有特色的树木最美妙的特质”和最后一段第一句“在这个多元化的联合体度过一段时间后，你无疑会体验到在绿树成荫的橡树荫下休息的强烈愿望”都可推断出，作者认为这本书是鼓舞人心的，故选C。] Ⅱ.阅读七选五(共5小题，每小题2.5分，共12.5分) (2025·惠州市高三第二次调研考试试题) Launch Your Spiritual Journey A spiritual journey is a personal adventure where you dive deep into understanding and connecting with your inner self.1( ) To achieve a profound sense of your spiritual essence.Here's a simple guide on how to start your spiritual journey. Set your intentions Like preparing for a marathon, the first step is to establish your goals.2( ) Are you looking for inner peace or a deeper understanding of your life purpose? As you navigate your spiritual journey, you can reflect on these intentions, reminding yourself of why you started and what you're striving for. Read and learn Consider books about spirituality and personal growth as your guidance.They are packed with valuable insights and practical advice.Keep in mind that it's not about gathering much information.3( ) So take moments to think about these ideas and see how they fit with your experiences. Find a mentor A mentor can serve a significant role in your spiritual exploration.And your mentor could be anyone—a spiritual teacher, a trusted friend, or even a family member, who has a profound understanding of the spiritual world.They've journeyed through the ups and downs, faced challenges, and emerged enlightened.4( ) It can brighten your path and make the journey feel less overwhelming. Maintain a spiritual diary This diary is a tangible reflection of your inner explorations, and plays a vital role in your spiritual progression.Writing regularly can foster mindfulness and enhance self­awareness.5( ) Finally, this diary can allow you to revisit those past entries, recognize your growth, and draw inspiration for the future. Now that you've uncovered the steps to launch a spiritual journey, why not get a taste of this transformative experience? A．But the truth? B．And the ultimate goal? C．Their wisdom, therefore, can be a lighthouse for you. D．It's a voyage into the deepest corners of your memories. E．This means identifying what you hope to achieve or discover. F．It's about finding the wisdom that truly speaks to your journey. G．It can also help you express and strengthen your understandings. [语篇解读]本文是说明文。文章介绍了如何开始个人的精神之旅。 1．B　[空前句子介绍了精神之旅的概念，即精神之旅是一次个人冒险，在这里你可以深入了解你的内心世界并与之建立联系。空处应能承接上文，说明精神之旅的相关信息。空后是一个表目的的不定式短语，表示“为了能深刻理解你的精神本质”，空处应引出这一目的。所以空处应是询问精神之旅的目标，故选B “那么(它的)终极目标是什么？”。] 2．E　[空前句子提到第一步是设定你的目标，空后问句提到你可能想要实现的目标，所以空处应是进一步说明“设定目标”这件事，故E项“这意味着确定你希望实现或发现的事情”符合语境。其中“identifying what you hope to achieve or discover”是文中“to establish your goals”的同义转换。] 3．F　[空前句子提到阅读不是为了收集很多信息，空处应是说明阅读对于精神之旅的真正作用。故F项“它与寻找真正适合你的旅程的智慧有关”，符合语境。其中“It's about”与空前的“it's not about”呼应，“wisdom”与空后句子中的“ideas”呼应。] 4．C　[上文中的“They've journeyed through...emerged enlightened”(他们经历了起起伏伏，面对过挑战，并且变得豁然开朗)说明了精神导师的优势，选项C “因此，他们的智慧可以成为你的灯塔”承接上文，与下文相衔接。空后句子中的It指代选项中的lighthouse。] 5．G　[根据本段小标题及空处前后句子可判断，本段介绍写精神日记这一建议及其好处，从句式结构、句意、逻辑关系词(also)方面可以判断G项“这也能有助于你表达并巩固自己的理解”也在说明写日记的好处，符合语境。选项中的It指代“Writing regularly”。] 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $