选择性必修第二册 UNIT4 JOURNEY ACROSS A VAST LAND（教师用书Word）-【正禾一本通】2026年新高考英语高三一轮总复习高效讲义（人教版）

该高中英语高考复习讲义围绕“自然与风土人情”话题，整合词汇（核心、多义、派生词）、句式（rather than、too...to...）、语篇写作等高考核心考点，按“分类识记-语境应用-检测巩固”逻辑架构知识体系，通过考点梳理（如breath短语用法归纳）、方法指导（前缀anti-猜词技巧）、真题训练（2024新高考Ⅰ卷读后续写例句）等环节，帮助学生构建词汇网络和句式应用能力，体现复习的系统性与针对性。 讲义采用“词汇多维串记+高考真题即时融入”创新策略，如用“熟词生义对比表”梳理craft、bound等词的词性活用，结合语篇串记短文强化语境记忆，培养学生语言能力与思维品质。设置分层检测（单词辨义、短语互译、佳句默写）和读写语料库（旅游话题应用文模板），确保学生高效突破考点，为教师把控复习节奏、提升学生应考能力提供有力支撑。

任务(一)　词汇、句式、语篇背诵 词汇多维背诵(分类识记，各个击破) 核心单词 围绕话题：自然与风土人情 1．admire the breathtaking scenery from the mountaintop 　　 从山顶欣赏让人叹为观止的美景 2．explore the awesome natural wonders of the region 探索该地区令人惊叹的自然奇观 3．anticipate an unforgettable journey through picturesque landscapes 期待一次在如诗如画风景中的难忘旅程 4．gather a bunch of friends for a road trip 召集一群朋友来一场公路旅行 5．enrol in a local cooking class to learn authentic recipes 报名参加当地烹饪课程，学习正宗食谱 6．Contrary to expectations, the remote village was incredibly welcoming. 与预期相反，这个偏远的村庄非常热情好客。 7．proceed along the ancient trade route through the desert 沿着古代贸易路线穿越沙漠 8．watch the sunset over the ocean at dusk 在黄昏时分观赏海上落日 多义单词 词组(一)　熟词生义与词性活用 1．toast [熟义]n.烤面包片；吐司 vt.& vi.烤(尤指面包)→[生义]vt.为……干杯 n．干杯： propose a toast to the newly­weds 为新人举杯祝酒 2．literally [熟义]adv.字面上→[生义]adv.真正地，确实地： The book literally changed my life.这本书确实改变了我的生活。 3．craft n．手艺，技巧；工艺品；飞机，船舶→vt.精心制作[词性活用]: craft a compelling story for the novel 为小说精心创作一个引人入胜的故事 4．border n．边，边缘；边界，国界；框，镶边→vt.& vi.与……接壤，与……毗邻；给……镶边 [词性活用]：the lawn bordered by trees 绿树环绕的草坪 5．frost n．霜；霜冻；严寒天气；冷淡→vt.结霜于；冻坏 vi.受冻；结霜[词性活用]：The cold weather frosted the windows.寒冷的天气使窗户上结霜了。 词组(二)　一词多义 1．drill n．钻孔机；训练，演习 vt.& vi.钻(孔)；打(眼) vt.培训；训练 ①drill a hole in the wall 在墙上钻个洞 ②conduct a fire drill at school 在学校进行消防演习 ③military drill on the parade ground 在阅兵场进行军事训练 2．arise vi.出现；起身；由……引起 ①A problem arose in the project.项目中出现问题。 ②injuries arising out of a road accident 道路交通事故造成的伤害 3．bound adj.准备前往(某地)；一定会；必定的；受约束的；装订的 vi.跳跃着跑 vt.形成……的边界 n．跳跃；范围 ①I'm bound to keep my promise.我一定会遵守诺言。 ②The deer bounded across the meadow.鹿跃过草地。 ③a field bounded by tall trees 被高大树木环绕的田野 4.highlight vt.突出，强调；使醒目；涂亮色于；用荧光笔标记 n．最好或最精彩的部分；最重要的事情；加亮部分 ①highlight the key points in yellow 用黄色标记关键点 ②highlight her amazing talent 突显了她惊人的才华 ③highlight a few important issues 强调几个重要问题 ④the highlight of the concert音乐会的亮点 5．owe vt.欠(账、债、情等)；感激，应把……归功于；应给予 ①owe a debt of gratitude to someone 欠某人一份人情 ②I owe you an apology for my behavior.我应为我的行为向你道歉。 ③This success owes much to your support.这次的成功很大程度上归功于你的支持。 阅读单词 1．airline　 　 n．航空公司 2．bay n．(海或湖的)湾 3．antique n.古物；古董 adj.古老的；古董的 4．spectacular adj.壮观的；壮丽的；惊人的 n．壮丽的场面；精彩的表演 5．peak n．顶峰；山峰；尖形 6．goat n．山羊 7．grizzly bear n．灰熊 8．prairie n．北美草原 9．quarry n．采石场 10．cobblestone adj.铺有鹅卵石的 11．coherent adj.有条理的；清楚易懂的 12．idiom 　　 n．习语；成语 13．anyhow adv.(结束交谈或转换话题时)不过；反正 14．mall n．(also shopping mall)购物商场；购物广场[助记：a shopping mall 购物中心] 15．duration n．持续时间；期间[助记：during] 16．alongside prep.在……旁边；与……一起 adv.在旁边 17．curtain n.窗帘[对比：certain adj.肯定的；无疑的] 18．accent n．口音[对比： dialect n．方言，土话] 19．steel n．钢；钢铁工业[对比：steal vt.偷；窃取] 20．harbour (especially US harbor)n.(海)港；港口[同义：port] 拓展单词 1． please vt.& vi. (使)高兴；(使)满意 pleasant adj. 令人愉快的；友好的 pleased adj. 高兴的；满意的 pleasing adj. 令人愉快的 pleasure n. 快乐；乐趣 2． mass n. 团；堆；许多；大量 massive adj. 巨大的；非常严重的 3． breath n. 呼吸的空气 breathless adj. 气喘吁吁的 breathe vt.& vi. 呼吸 4． freeze vi.& vt. (froze，frozen)结冰；(使)冻住 freezing adj. 极冷的；冰冻的 frozen adj. 结冰的；冻僵的；冷冻的 5． frost n. 霜；严寒天气；霜冻 vt. 使蒙上霜 vi. 结霜 frosty adj.　　 　　　 结霜的；霜冻的 6． astonish vt. 使十分惊讶；使吃惊 astonishing adj. 惊人的；令人惊讶的 astonished adj. 感到惊讶的 astonishment n. 惊讶 7． mist n. 薄雾；水汽 misty adj. 多雾的；模糊的 8． advertise vi.& vt. (为……)做广告/宣传；征聘 advertisement n. (informal ad)广告；启事 advertiser n. 广告商 9． photograph n. 照片 vt. (为……)拍照 vi. 上相，上镜 photographer n. 摄影师；拍照者 photography n. 摄影；摄影术 重点短语 1．take sb's breath away 令人惊叹 2．be typical of 是……的典型特点 3．a bunch of 一束；一串；一群；大量 4．proceed to sth 进而做(参加) 5．take a boat ride 坐船去 6．stand in the distance 站在远处,7.go downtown 去市区 8．all in all 总而言之 9．contrary to 相反的；相对立的[联想： on the contrary] 10．in contrast to 相比之下[联想： by contrast] 11．in addition to 除……之外(还)[对比： in addition此外] 12．owe sth to sb 欠(某人情)；把……归功于某人 单元佳句过关(遮挡背诵，自我检测) 1．Rather than travel by commercial airline all the way，they decided to fly to Vancouver and then take the train.(rather than 连接两个并列成分) 2．Seen from the train window，the mountains and forests of Canada looked massive.(过去分词短语作状语) 3．Looking at the beautiful scenery，they both agreed that it was the most awesome journey they had ever taken.(现在分词短语作状语) 4．It was not until 9：30 a．m.that they finally reached the capital of Ontario，Toronto.(It is/was not until...that...强调句型) [遮住左栏尝试背诵] 1．她们没有选择一路坐商务航班旅行，而是决定先飞往温哥华，然后乘坐火车。 2．从火车的窗户向外看，外面是加拿大连绵起伏的山脉和大片的森林。 3．看着这美丽的风景，她们两人一致认为，这是她们有生以来最棒的旅行。 4．直到上午9：30，她们才最终抵达安大略省的省会多伦多。 语篇串记词汇(背美文，记单词) 　　A photographer was enrolled in a winter camp and on a freezing cold day，he boarded the train bound for a harbour city.The anticipated arrival time was six in the evening.Drawing back the curtain，he was astonished to see misty clouds floating on the peak of a massive mountain.Contrary to his initial belief，what he considered boring on the train proved to be one of the highlights of the awesome trip.With the train thundering on，he reached the destination at dusk.Spectacular scenery literally took his breath away and pleasant fresh air made him feel refreshed.Tall buildings of glass and steel arose everywhere.He was attracted by the exceptional advertisements in the shopping mall, which were aimed at selling crafts，antiques and bunches of flowers.Feeling a little hungry，he bought a piece of toast in the supermarket alongside the street，where he chatted with people with different accents.Anyhow，he owed his happiness to the winter camp.The next evening，he would proceed to the next stop. [遮住左栏，忆加黑词汇] 一名摄影师报名参加了一个冬令营，在一个非常寒冷的日子里，他登上了一列开往一座港口城市的火车。预计到达的时间是晚上6点。他拉开窗帘，惊讶地看到雾蒙蒙的云层漂浮在一座巨大的山峰上。与他最初的想法相反，他本认为坐火车很无聊这件事却成了这次美妙旅行的亮点之一。火车隆隆地行驶，他在黄昏时到达目的地。壮观的风景真的让他叹为观止，宜人的新鲜空气让他神清气爽。由玻璃和钢铁建造的高层建筑随处可见。他被购物中心里独特的广告所吸引，这些广告意在出售手工艺品、古董和一束束鲜花。他感到有点饿，于是在街边的超市买了一块吐司，在那里他和有着不同口音的人聊天。不管怎样，他的幸福要归功于这个冬令营。第二天晚上，他将继续去下一站。 任务(二)　背诵过关检测 Ⅰ.单词检测 (Ⅰ)英汉互译 1．airline　　　　 n．航空公司 2．bay n．(海或湖的)湾 3．duration n．持续时间；期间 4．cobblestone adj.铺有鹅卵石的 5．coherent adj.有条理的；清楚易懂的 6．literally adv.字面上；真正地 7．idiom n．习语；成语 8．antique n．古物；古董 adj.古老的；古董的 9．craft n．手艺；工艺；技艺 10．spectacular adj.壮观的；壮丽的；惊人的 n．壮丽的场面；精彩的表演 11．peak n．顶峰；山峰；尖形 12．drill vi.& vt.钻(孔)；打(眼) n．钻(头)；训练；演习 13．harbour n．(海)港；港口 14．steel n．钢；钢铁工业 15．bound adj.准备前往(某地)；一定会 16．scenery n．风景；景色 17．awesome adj.令人惊叹的；可怕的；很好的 18．anticipate vt.预料；预见；期望 19．bunch n．束；串；捆 20．curtain n．窗帘 21．border n．国界；边界(地区) 22．enrol vi.& vt.(使)加入；注册；登记 23．contrary adj.相反的；相对立的 n．相反的事实(或事情) 24．anyhow adv.(结束交谈或转换话题时)不过；反正 25．proceed vi.行进；继续做 26．shore n．岸；滨 27．dusk n．黄昏；傍晚 28．accent n．口音 (Ⅱ)熟词生义与一词多义 1．craft a compelling story for the novel 　 为小说精心创作一个引人入胜的故事 2．The book literally changed my life. 这本书确实改变了我的生活。 3．The cold weather frosted the windows. 寒冷的天气使窗户上结霜了。 4．the lawn bordered by trees 绿树环绕的草坪 5．propose a toast to the newlyweds 为新人举杯祝酒 6．conduct a fire drill at school 在学校进行消防演习 7．A problem arose in the project. 项目中出现问题。 8．The deer bounded across the meadow. 鹿跃过草地。 9．highlight a few important issues 强调几个重要问题 10．This success owes much to your support. 这次的成功很大程度上归功于你的支持。 (Ⅲ)写出派生或词性、词义 1．please vt.& vi.(使)高兴；(使)满意→pleasant adj.令人愉快的；友好的→pleased adj.高兴的；满意的→pleasing adj.令人愉快的→pleasure n．快乐；乐趣 2．mass n．团；堆；许多；大量→massive adj.巨大的；非常严重的 3．freeze vi.& vt.(froze，frozen)结冰；(使)冻住→freezing adj.极冷的；冰冻的→frozen adj.结冰的；冻僵的；冷冻的 4．astonish vt.使十分惊讶；使吃惊→astonishing adj.惊人的；令人惊讶的→astonished adj.感到惊讶的→astonishment n．惊讶 5．mist n．薄雾；水汽→misty adj.多雾的；模糊的 6．advertise vi.& vt.(为……)做广告/宣传；征聘→advertisement n．(informal ad)广告；启事 Ⅱ.短语英汉互译 1．take sb's breath away 　 令人惊叹 2．proceed to sth 进而做(参加) 3．take a boat ride 坐船去 4．be typical of 是……的典型特点 5．a bunch of 一束；一串；一群；大量 6．all in all 总而言之 7．contrary to 相反的；相对立的 8．in contrast to 相比之下 9．in addition to 除……之外(还) 10．owe sth to sb 欠(某人情)；把……归功于某人 Ⅲ.佳句默写(温馨提示：用衡水体认真书写) 1．她们没有选择一路坐商务航班旅行，而是决定先飞往温哥华，然后乘坐火车。(rather than 连接两个并列成分) Rather than travel by commercial airline all the way，they decided to fly to Vancouver and then take the train. 2．从火车的窗户向外看，外面是加拿大连绵起伏的山脉和大片的森林。(过去分词短语作状语) Seen from the train window，the mountains and forests of Canada looked massive. 3．看着这美丽的风景，她们两人一致认为，这是她们有生以来最棒的旅行。(现在分词短语作状语) Looking at the beautiful scenery，they both agreed that it was the most awesome journey they had ever taken. Part 1　核心词句——学表达 breath n．呼吸的空气；呼吸→breathless adj.气喘吁吁的→breathe vt.& vi.呼吸 【高考真题】　(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷读后续写) I ran back to Gunter, out of breath, and told him the bad news.我气喘吁吁地跑回到冈特那里，告诉他这个坏消息。[动作链描写] 【用法归纳】 ◎hold one's breath 屏住呼吸 ◎catch one's breath 喘息；平复呼吸 ◎take a deep breath 深呼吸 ◎take sb's breath away 令人惊叹 ◎out of breath 喘不上气，透不过气来 ◎breathe in/out 吸气/呼气 【写作语料】　 ◎breathe a sigh of relief如释重负；松了口气 ◎breathe life into the activity 给这次活动注入活力 ◎take a deep breath before giving your speech 在演讲前深呼吸 【语境运用】　单句填空/完成句子 ①The mountain air was so fresh and clean that I couldn't help but take a deep breath. ②(2024·浙江1月卷) 这项运动能增强心肺功能，使你呼吸更顺畅。 This sport can improve cardiopulmonary function, making your breathing smoother． ③听到他们平安无事，我们都松了一口气。 We all breathed a sigh of relief when we heard they were safe. ④当老师进来时，我屏住呼吸，等待老师宣布考试结果。[紧张心理描写] When the teacher came in，I held my breath，waiting for the teacher to announce the results of the exam. astonish vt.使十分惊讶；使吃惊→astonishing adj.惊人的；令人惊讶的→astonished adj.感到惊讶的→astonishment n．惊讶 【高考真题】　(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷读后续写) To my astonishment, Gunter smiled at me and said, “Don't worry.You can pay me next time when you are back in Vienna.”令我惊讶的是，冈特朝我笑了笑，说：“别担心。下次你回到维也纳时再付钱给我吧。”[惊讶情感描写] 【用法归纳】 ◎be astonished at/by sth 因某事感到惊讶 ◎be astonished to do sth 对做某事感到惊讶 ◎in astonishment 吃惊地 ◎to one's astonishment 让某人惊讶的是 【写作语料】　 ◎look astonished at the news 听到这个消息一脸惊讶 ◎to our great astonishment 使我们非常吃惊的是 ◎my eyes widened in astonishment 吃惊地睁大了双眼 【语境运用】　单句填空/完成句子 ①I was astonished by the astonishing beauty of the natural scenery during the outdoor art class.(astonish) ②(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)最让我吃惊的是，我获得了一等奖，而安妮获得了二等奖。 What made me astonished most was that I won the first prize and Anne won the second prize. ③听到这个令人惊讶的消息，玛丽惊得呆住了，一动不动地站在那里。[情感描写] At the astonishing news，Mary froze in astonishment，as if rooted to the ground. owe vt.欠(账、债、情等)；归功于；归因于 【高考真题】　(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷读后续写) I owe Gunter a debt of gratitude for his kindness and understanding.冈特的善意和理解让我感激万分。[感激心理描写] 【用法归纳】 ◎owe sb sth 欠某人某物 ◎owe sth to sb/sth 把某事归功于某人/某事 ◎owe it to sb to do sth 有义务为某人做某事 ◎own it to sb＋that从句 把某事归功于某人 【写作语料】　 ◎owe him $10 for the dinner last week 上周的晚餐欠他10美元 ◎owe her success to her perseverance and determination 把她的成功归功于她的毅力和决心 ◎owe it to future generations to protect the environment 有义务为子孙后代保护环境 【语境运用】　单句填空/句型转换/完成句子 ①The success of the project owes much to the hard work and dedication of the entire team. ②I owe my great progress in English learning to you. →I owe it to you that I have made great progress in English learning.(owe it to sb that) ③我欠你一个道歉，因为周五下午我未能如期和你一起去书店。[道歉信] I owe you an apology for not going to the bookstore with you on Friday afternoon as scheduled. contrary to 相反的；相对立的 【高考真题】　(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷读后续写) Contrary to my expectations, Gunter didn't seem annoyed or impatient at all.与我的预期相反，冈特似乎一点也不恼火或不耐烦。 【用法归纳】 ◎on the contrary与此相反；恰恰相反 【写作语料】　 Contrary to popular belief，reading the English newspaper Youth doesn't waste my time; on the contrary，it improves my overall competence. 与人们普遍看法相反，阅读英文报纸《青年》不会浪费我的时间；相反，它提高了我的整体能力。 【语境运用】　单句填空/完成句子 ①(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)Contrary to popular belief, the outdoor art class proved to be more engaging and inspiring than the traditional classroom setting. ②(2024·全国甲卷) 与普遍看法相反，共享单车不仅方便，而且环保。 Contrary to common view, shared bicycles are not only convenient but also environmentally friendly. 句式：rather than “与其；不愿；而不是”，连接两个并列成分 【教材原句】　Rather than travel by commercial airline all the way, they decided to fly to Vancouver and then take the train.他们没有这样直接乘坐商业航班，而是选择先飞去温哥华，然后乘坐火车。 【用法归纳】 ◎rather than为并列连词，意为“而不是，与其……不如……”，这一表达方式通常用在平行结构中，连接相同的句子成分，即rather than前后两部分在成分和形式上应当一致。 ◎rather than连接两个主语时，句中谓语动词与其前边的词语在人称和数上保持一致，即“就远原则”。 ◎常用相关句型：宁愿做某事而不愿做某事 【写作佳句】　 ①They blamed it on the teacher rather than themselves, which caused even poorer performance. 他们把这归咎于老师，而不是他们自己，这让他们表现更差。 ②(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)David muttered to himself in a sad voice，“I prefer giving up the cross­country run to being laughed at by other kids.” ＝David muttered to himself in a sad voice，“I prefer to give up the cross­country run rather than be laughed at by other kids.” ＝David muttered to himself in a sad voice，“I would give up the cross­country run rather than be laughed at by other kids.” 大卫悲伤地小声嘀咕道：“我宁愿放弃越野跑，也不愿被其他孩子嘲笑。” 【仿写借鉴】　完成句子/一句多译 ①不像西方人使用刀叉吃饭，中国人更喜欢用筷子。[传统文化] Rather than use knives and forks as Westerners do，Chinese people prefer to eat with chopsticks. ②尽管面对许多巨大的困难，但我宁愿失败也不愿放弃。 →In spite of many massive difficulties，I would rather fail than give up．(would rather do...than do...) →In spite of many massive difficulties，I would fail rather than give up．(would do...rather than do...) →In spite of many massive difficulties，I prefer to fail rather than give up．(prefer to do...rather than do...) 句式：too...to do...太……而不能做…… 【教材原句】　Since it can be too cold to go outdoors，Edmonton is home to many shopping malls.因为天太冷不能去户外，埃德蒙顿成了许多购物广场的所在地。 【用法归纳】 ◎too＋adj./adv.(for sb)＋to do sth 表示否定的意义，意为“太……而不能……”。 ◎当“too...to...”结构用来修饰表达人的态度、情绪倾向的形容词，如anxious，eager，glad，happy，pleased，ready，willing等时，表示肯定意义，意为“非常”。 ◎“too...to...”结构和never，not等否定副词连用时，表示肯定意义，意为“无论……也不过分；越……越好”。 ◎can never/can't与too，too much，enough连用时，表示肯定意义，意为“再怎样……也不过分”。 【写作佳句】　 ①As the old saying goes，“It's never too late to learn.” 正如谚语所说，“活到老，学到老。” ②I'm too happy to describe my feelings in words.我高兴得无法用语言表达我的感受。 ③Without your timely help，I couldn't have made such progress.No words are strong enough to convey how grateful I am to you.[感谢信] 没有你的及时帮助，我不可能取得这样的进步。我无法用语言来表达我对你的感激之情。 【仿写借鉴】　完成语段 我非常高兴地得知您对长城感兴趣。长城太壮观而不容错过。正如一句老话所说：“不到长城非好汉。”因此，我再怎么强调爬长城的意义都不为过。[旅游景点介绍] ①I am too pleased to learn that you are keen on the Great Wall.The Great Wall is ②too spectacular to miss．Just as an old saying goes，“He who does not reach the Great Wall is not a true man.”So ③I can't/can never stress the significance of climbing the Great Wall too much． Part 2　阅读词汇——善辨义 1．drill A．n.钻孔机 B．n.训练 C．vt.钻孔 ①The soldiers participated in a drill to improve their combat skills. B ②The carpenter used a drill to make holes in the wooden board. A ③They decided to drill a well in the backyard to access groundwater. C 2．arise A．vi.出现 B．vi.由……引起 C．vi.起立，起身 ①The country's present difficulties arise from the reduced value of its money. B ②Several issues arose during the meeting that needed to be addressed. A ③When the judge entered the courtroom, everyone arose as a sign of respect. C 3．bound A．adj.必定的 B．vi.跳跃 C．adj.受约束的 ①The kangaroo bounded across the open field at incredible speed. B ②As a member of the team, you are bound by the rules and regulations. C ③With such strong evidence, the suspect is bound to be found guilty. A 4．highlight A．vt.突出，强调 B．n.最精彩的部分 C．vt.涂亮色于 ①She used a bright yellow marker to highlight the key passages in the textbook. C ②The actor's monologue was the highlight of the entire play. B ③The coach highlighted the importance of teamwork before the big game. A 巧借前缀anti­推测词义 anti­是一个常见的前缀，表示“反对、相反、对抗”的意思 [本单元]antique n．古董 [相关词]①antimatter n．反物质 ②antipollution adj.防污染的 1．The doctor prescribed antibiotics to help the patient fight off the bacterial infection. [词义]anti(对抗)＋biotic(生命的)→antibiotic n．抗生素 2．The government took new measures to fight the spread of anti­social behavior in communities. [词义]anti(反对)＋social(社会的)→anti­social adj.反社会的 3．The antiwar movement gained momentum as more people protested against the ongoing conflict. [词义]anti(反对)＋war(战争)→antiwar adj.反战的 4．The new software includes antivirus protection to safeguard computers from malicious attacks. [词义]anti(对抗)＋virus(病毒)→antivirus adj.(软件)杀毒的；防病毒的 5．The anti­aging cream claims to reduce wrinkles and make the skin look younger. [词义]anti(对抗)＋aging(衰老的)→anti­aging adj.抗衰老的 6．The anti­smoking campaign aimed to raise awareness about the health risks of tobacco use. [词义]anti(反对)＋smoking(吸烟)→anti­smoking adj.禁烟的 (一)核心词句专练——单句语法填空 1．Astonished (astonish)，Peter sat on the square，tears welling up in his eyes suddenly. 2．I strongly suggest you manage your time properly, which is bound to improve (improve) your study efficiency. 3．It was an extremely cold winter's evening and freezing (freeze) fog hung in the air. 4．Contrary to his idea, I think the highlight of the music festival is the last song. 5．When asked about the secret to winning the competition, the girl owed the success to her teachers. 6．The instant he finished his speech，the hall was filled with standing thunderous (thunder) applause. 7．She sat down and proceeded to tell (tell) me about her holiday skiing experience. 8．Little mistakes arising (arise) from carelessness will bring about great consequence if not dealt with properly. (二)阅读词汇猜词——熟词生义、派生 1．She spent months crafting the perfect wedding dress for her daughter.vt.精心制作 2．I literally couldn't believe my eyes when I saw the surprise party they had planned for me.adv.真正地，确实地 3．If not protected properly, the delicate plants may frost during the harsh winter.vi.受冻 4．She chose a simple black frame to border the painting.vt.给……镶边 5．They raised their glasses to toast the happy couple at the wedding reception.vt.向……祝酒，为……干杯 6．Harriet Tubman, a famous antislavery advocate, helped many slaves escape to freedom through the Underground Railroad. ◎antislavery: anti­(反对)＋slavery (奴隶制)→adj.反对奴隶制 7．When unscrewing the lid, always turn it counterclockwise to avoid damaging the threads. ◎counterclockwise：counter­(反)＋clockwise (顺时针方向)→adv.逆时针方向 (一)应用文写作[电子邮件——坐京沪高铁去上海旅游] 假定你是李华，你的英国笔友John得知你上周乘坐京沪高铁去上海旅游，发来邮件问你旅游情况。请你用英语给他回一封邮件，介绍你一路上的所见所闻及你的感受。 选用本单元所学知识和右栏词块翻译句子 第一段：开篇点出写信目的 1．我很高兴收到你的邮件，并且很兴奋能和你分享我最近的上海之旅。 I was thrilled to receive your email and I'm excited to share my recent trip to Shanghai with you. 第二段：具体介绍旅行情况 2．上周，我乘坐京沪高铁去了上海。旅程本身就是一次令人惊叹的体验。 Last week, I took the high­speed train from Beijing to Shanghai.The journey itself was an experience that took my breath away. 3．火车的速度和舒适度令人惊讶，我将这次美妙的体验归功于中国近年来发展的先进技术。 The speed and comfort of the train were astonishing, and I owe this wonderful experience to the advanced technology that China has developed in recent years. 4．到达上海后，我立刻被现代与传统的融合所震撼。由高耸的摩天大楼主导的天际线如同未来城市景观般从地面拔地而起。 Upon arriving in Shanghai, I was immediately struck by the blend of modernity and tradition.The skyline, dominated by towering skyscrapers, arose from the ground like a futuristic cityscape. 5．相反，老街和传统建筑得以让人一窥这座城市丰富的历史。 On the contrary, the old streets and traditional buildings offered a glimpse into the city's rich history. 6．我不仅仅参观了热门的旅游景点，还探索了一些当地市场，品尝了各种街头美食。味道非常独特和美味，让我忍不住想尝试所有的东西。 Rather than just visit the popular tourist spots, I also explored some local markets and tasted various street foods.The flavors were so unique and delicious that I couldn't resist trying everything. 第三段：最后点出期待 7．总的来说，我的上海之旅是一次难忘的经历。我也期待听到你的冒险故事。 Overall, my trip to Shanghai was an unforgettable experience.I look forward to hearing about your adventures as well. [构建语义场——旅游] 1．景点描述 ①a tourist attraction 旅游胜地 ②a historical site 历史遗址 ③natural wonders 自然奇观 ④cultural heritage 文化遗产 ⑤breathtaking scenery 令人叹为观止的风景 ⑥a picturesque landscape 如画的风景 ⑦a world­famous landmark 世界著名地标 ⑧a must­visit destination 必游之地 ⑨towering skyscrapers高耸的摩天大楼 2．景点活动 ⑩go sightseeing 去观光 ⑪take a guided tour 参加导游讲解的旅行 ⑫explore the surroundings 探索周边环境 ⑬taste various street foods 品尝各种街头美食 ⑭take photos of the scenery 拍摄风景照片 ⑮experience the local culture 体验当地文化 ⑯participate in traditional festivals 参加传统节日 ⑰golden beaches 金色沙滩 ⑱stunning waterfalls 壮观的瀑布 ⑲colorful coral reefs 五彩斑斓的珊瑚礁 ⑳unique rock formations 独特的岩石地貌 3．文化与历史 ㉑ancient temples 古老的寺庙 ㉒royal palaces 皇家宫殿 ㉓traditional villages 传统村落 ㉔historic monuments 历史古迹 ㉕folk performances 民间表演 ㉖ancient city walls 古城墙 4．旅行体验 ㉗be struck by the blend of modernity and tradition 被现代与传统的融合所震撼 ㉘immerse ourselves in nature 沉浸在大自然中 ㉙broaden our horizons 开阔我们的视野 ㉚create lasting memories 留下永久的回忆 ㉛feel the charm of history 感受历史的魅力 ㉜appreciate the beauty of nature 欣赏自然之美 ㉝enrich our travel experience 丰富我们的旅行体验 (二)读后续写[旅游话题＋惊喜与赞叹情感描写] Ⅰ.教材语料背诵 词汇 [环境描写]　bay；scenery；peak；prairie；frost；border；harbour；shore；pleasant；massive；awesome；spectacular；freezing；misty；dusk [动作描写]　arise；take sb's breath away；bound；thunder；enrol；proceed to；astonish；owe sth to sb；toast 佳句 1．The next morning, the two girls arose early to take the train to Lake Louise，passing through the Canadian Rockies.(动作描写) 2．Seen from the train window，the mountains and forests of Canada looked massive.(环境描写) 3．Edmonton is freezing cold in winter，with daily temperatures averaging －10℃.(环境描写) 4．However，they didn't anticipate seeing such an open country，and were truly amazed.(情感描写) 5．The train thundered on, through the rolling hills.The bushes and maple trees outside their windows were red, gold and orange，and there was frost on the ground，confirming that autumn had arrived in Canada.(环境描写) 6．Standing in the distance，they were astonished to see misty clouds rising from the great Niagara Falls. (情感描写) 7．Water from the lakes flows into the Niagara River and over the falls on its way to the sea.(环境描写) Ⅱ.拓展语料积累 词汇 amazing 令人惊叹的；astonishing 令人震惊的；breathtaking 令人屏息的；incredible 难以置信的；marvelous 绝妙的；spectacular 壮观的；surprise 惊讶；shock 震惊；amazement 惊叹；wonder 惊奇；admiration 赞叹；astonishment 惊讶；awe 叹为观止；praise 赞美；delight 惊喜；in awe敬畏地； surprising discovery 令人惊讶的发现；shocking performance 令人震惊的表现；amazing artwork 令人惊叹的艺术品；wonderful talent 令人惊奇的才华；admirable achievement 令人赞叹的成就；awe­inspiring show 叹为观止的演出；respectable wisdom 令人佩服的智慧；pure admiration and astonishment 纯粹的钦佩和惊讶 佳句 1．Had I known him earlier, I would have been utterly amazed by his talent. 如果我早认识他，我会对他的才华感到非常惊叹。(虚拟语气) 2．Never have I seen such an awe­inspiring performance, leaving the audience in complete astonishment. 我从未见过如此让人叹为观止的表演，观众完全被震惊到了。(倒装句，分词作状语) 3．Were it not for her astonishing talent, the event would have been less impressive. 要不是她令人惊艳的才能，这个活动就不会那么令人印象深刻。(虚拟语气，倒装句) 4．Impressed by his admirable achievements, we couldn't help but praise his extraordinary efforts. 被他令人赞叹的成就所打动，我们不禁赞美他的非凡努力。(分词作状语) Ⅲ.语料综合运用(用上述语料完成续写) [前情提示]　作者和母亲一起去哥斯达黎加旅行。导游告诉作者和其他旅行者有两条不需要导游就可以探索的路线，一条较短的大约需要四十分钟，另一条较长的需要一小时二十分钟，路非常陡峭。作者和母亲决定沿着较长的路线探索。 [续写构思]　路变得越来越陡→继续前进→景色令人惊叹→深深的感激之情→渴望和其他人分享我们的冒险 　　渐渐地，我们俩都意识到路变得越来越陡了。这条小径变得更具挑战性，有陡峭的斜坡和湿滑的泥地。尽管有困难，我们还是继续前进，决心完成更长的环线。景色令人惊叹，我们经常停下来欣赏风景。我们爬得越高，景色就越壮观。有一次，我们到达了一片空地，可以完美地看到周围的山脉和山谷。我们敬畏地站在那里，欣赏着这里美丽的风景。这是一个纯粹的钦佩和惊讶的时刻，因为能够与我的妈妈分享它，我感到了一种深深的感激之情。虽然很累但我们欣喜若狂。我们下了山，渴望和其他人分享我们的冒险。 　　Gradually both of us realized the road got steeper and steeper.The trail became more challenging, with sharp inclines and slippery patches of mud.①Despite the difficulty, we pressed on, determined to complete the longer loop.The view ②was breathtaking, and we paused frequently ③to admire the amazing scenery．The higher we climbed，④the more spectacular the view became．At one point, we reached a clearing that offered a fine view of the surrounding mountains and valleys.We stood there ⑤in awe, taking in the beauty of the landscape.It was ⑥a moment of pure admiration and astonishment, and I felt a deep sense of gratitude for being able to share it with my mom.⑦Tired but overjoyed, we made our way down, eager to share our adventure with the rest of the group. (时间：25分钟　满分：32.5分) Ⅰ.阅读理解(共8小题，每小题2.5分，共20分) A (2025·广东六校一联)The ban on cigarette advertising in the early 1970s in the United States serves as a fascinating case study in the field of public health campaigns and their unintended consequences.Despite the government's intention to discourage smoking and reduce related health risks，the ban led to an unexpected outcome：an increase in cigarette sales for the major tobacco companies. The reason for this unexpected outcome can be traced to the principles of game theory，particularly the prisoner's dilemma paradox(悖论).Just as in the prisoner's dilemma，where cooperation leads to the best outcome for both parties，the tobacco companies would benefit collectively if none of them advertised.This action would create fairness in competition, ensuring that no individual company gains an edge by advertising. However，the dilemma arises when we consider the potential actions of competitors.If one tobacco company decides to ignore the ban and advertise its products，it stands to gain a significant market share and increased sales compared to its non­advertising competitors.This creates a situation where each company faces the urge to advertise, fearing that their competitors may do the same and leave them at a disadvantage. In the end，most tobacco companies decided to play it safe and invested in advertising，despite the ban，to avoid being left behind in the competitive landscape.This strategic decision reflects the uncertainty and strategic considerations that shape business decisions，even in the face of regulations aimed at public health goals. This application of game theory provides valuable insight into the complexities of influencing human behavior through policy interventions.While well­intended efforts such as advertising bans may seem straightforward in theory，the realities of strategic decision­making and competitive dynamics often lead to unforeseen outcomes.As such，understanding the complexities of game theory can provide valuable insight for policymakers seeking to design more effective interventions and address complex societal challenges. [语篇解读]本文是说明文。本文讲述了 20 世纪70 年代美国禁止香烟广告后，出乎意料地导致香烟销量增加的现象。文章通过引入博弈论中的囚徒困境悖论来解释这一现象，且这一现象揭示了政策干预在影响人类行为方面的复杂性。 1．What is a direct result of the ban in the 1970s? A．Cuts in tax income. B．Reduction in health risks. C．Rises in tobacco sales. D．Cooperation of companies. C　[细节理解题。根据第一段中的“the ban led to an unexpected outcome：an increase in cigarette sales for the major tobacco companies”可知，禁令导致了一个意外的结果，即主要烟草公司的香烟销量增加。故选C项。C项“Rises in tobacco sales”与“an increase in cigarette sales”是同义转换。] 2．How can all competitors benefit in the prisoner's dilemma? A．They fully trust each other and follow the regulations. B．They act independently and pursue their own interests. C．They increase their market share at the expense of others. D．They ignore competition and focus on their own strategies. A　[推理判断题。根据第二段中的“the tobacco companies would benefit collectively if none of them advertised”可知，如果所有烟草公司都不做广告，它们将共同受益。也就是说在囚徒困境中，所有竞争对手彼此间完全信任，都遵守规定的话，他们将全部受益，故选A项。] 3．Why do most tobacco companies finally choose to advertise? A．To avoid intense competition. B．To gain a competitive advantage. C．To shape better business images. D．To achieve public health goals. B　[细节理解题。根据第三段中的“This creates a situation where...leave them at a disadvantage”可知，在这种情况下，每个公司都面临做广告的冲动，因为担心竞争对手也会这样做并使自己处于不利地位。再根据第四段首句可知，最终，虽然有禁令，大多数烟草公司决定投资于广告，以避免在竞争中处于劣势。因此，大部分烟草公司最终选择做广告是为了获得竞争优势，故选B项。] 4．What can be a suitable title for the passage? A．A Good Intention Succeeds B．A Cigarette Ban Ends in Smoke C．A Ban Boosts Public Health D．A Dilemma Concerns Cigarette Companies B　[标题归纳题。通读全文可知，尽管政府意图通过禁止香烟广告来减少吸烟现象和降低相关健康风险，但禁令却意外地导致了香烟销量的增加。因此，B项“A Cigarette Ban Ends in Smoke”(香烟禁令终成泡影)既概括了文章内容，又具有一定的讽刺意味，故选B项。] B (2025·广东六校一联)You've most likely heard the news by now：A car­commuting，desk­bound，TV­watching lifestyle can be harmful to our health.All the time that we spend rooted in the chair is linked to increased risks of so many deadly diseases that experts have named this modern­day health epidemic the “sitting disease”． Sitting for too long slows down the body's metabolism(新陈代谢)and the way enzymes break down our fat reserves，raising both blood sugar levels and blood pressure.Small amounts of regular activity，even just standing and moving around，throughout the day is enough to bring the increased levels back down.And those small amounts of activity add up—30 minutes of light activity in two or three­minute bursts can be just as effective as a half­hour block of exercise.But without that activity，blood sugar levels and blood pressure keep creeping up，steadily damaging the inside of the arteries(动脉) and increasing the risk of diabetes，heart disease，a stroke，and other serious diseases.In essence，fundamental changes in biology occur if you sit for too long. But wait，you're a runner.You needn't worry about the harm of a sedentary lifestyle because you exercise regularly，right? Well，not so fast.Recent studies show that people spend an average of 64 hours a week sitting，whether or not they exercise 150 minutes a week as recommended by World Health Organization(WHO).Regular exercisers，furthermore, are found to be about 30 percent less active on the days when they exercise.Overall，most people simply aren't exercising or moving around enough to balance out all the harm that can result from sitting nine hours or more a day. Scared straight out of your chair? Good.The remedy is as simple as standing up and taking activity breaks. [语篇解读]本文是说明文。本文讲述了长时间坐着的生活方式对健康的威胁。文章指出久坐会减缓新陈代谢，影响脂肪分解，导致血糖和血压升高，增加患多种严重疾病的风险。文章还提到可以通过站立等轻松的活动来减轻久坐的危害。 5．Which is the best way to bring down high blood sugar levels and blood pressure? A．Doing exercise for 150 minutes or more every week. B．Getting rid of the habit of car commuting and TV watching. C．Standing or moving around for at least two minutes every day. D．Interrupting sitting time with light activity as often as possible. D　[细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Small amounts of regular activity, even just standing and moving around...to bring the increased levels back down”和“30 minutes of light activity in two or three­minute bursts can be just as effective as a half­hour block of exercise”可知，通过日常的轻度活动(如站立和走动)就可以降低血糖和血压水平。每次两到三分钟，累计三十分钟的轻度活动可以和一次半小时的锻炼一样有效。故选D。“Interrupting”是对文中的“30 minutes...in two or three­minute bursts”的同义转换。A项“每周做150分钟或更长时间的运动”；B项“改掉开车通勤和看电视的习惯”；C项“每天至少站立或活动两分钟”；D项“尽可能多地用轻度活动打断坐着的时间”。] 6．What does the word “sedentary”in the third paragraph most likely mean? A．Inactive. B．Risky. C．Overloaded. D．Unbalanced. A　[词句猜测题。根据第三段中的“But wait, you're a runner.You needn't worry about the harm of a sedentary lifestyle because you exercise regularly, right？”可知，此处sedentary lifestyle与跑步者的生活方式是相反的，故推测sedentary与inactive的意思相近，故选 A。sedentary“久坐不动的”。inactive“不活动的”；risky“有风险的，有危险的”；overloaded“负担过重的”；unbalanced“不平衡的”。] 7．Which of the following may be inferred about those who do serious exercise? A．They always meet the exercise standard recommended by WHO. B．They tend to stand or move less on the days when they work out. C．They usually remove all the harmful effects of sitting for too long. D．They generally spend less time sitting than those who do not exercise. B　[推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Regular exercisers，furthermore, are found to be about 30 percent less active on the days when they exercise”可知，定期锻炼的人在锻炼的日子里活动量会降低大约30%，所以可推断他们往往在锻炼的日子站立或者活动得更少，故选 B。“stand or move less”与文中的“about 30 percent less active”是同义表达。] 8．What is the passage mainly about? A．The challenges of the modern lifestyle. B．The effects of regular activity on our body. C．The reasons for the spread of a modern epidemic. D．The threat to our health from long hours of sitting. D　[主旨大意题。文章主要讨论了长时间坐着的生活方式对健康的威胁，包括增加患多种严重疾病的风险。因此，D项“久坐对我们健康的威胁”最能概括文章主旨。A项“现代生活方式的挑战”；B项“定期活动对我们身体的影响”；C项“现代流行病传播的原因”。] Ⅱ.阅读七选五(共5小题，每小题2.5分，共12.5分) (2025·辽宁沈阳模拟联考)With summer fast approaching, it's time to book your trips.1( ) Fail to disclose pre­existing medical conditions.It's crucial that you tell your insurance provider about any medical conditions you have.2( ) If you fail to disclose the problems, you won't be covered for any issues related to the condition while you're on holiday.If you're not sure if you need to mention a medical condition you have, it's worth asking your insurance provider. Don't let your insurance provider know if there are any changes to your pre­existing medical conditions.To make sure you're not out of pocket during your holiday, you need to inform your insurance provider of any developments in your medical history.3( ) If anything changes in health, let your insurer know as soon as possible to avoid any complications. 4( ) A good rule of thumb is to organize your travel insurance at the same time you book your holiday.Travel insurance covers you for your holiday as well as the period leading up to it.By booking your insurance at the same time as the holiday itself, you'll be covered if anything changes, or you need to cancel your trip.Make sure you organize insurance well in advance. Get your details wrong when booking travel insurance.Make sure to check your details carefully.You won't be covered if you've given your insurer the wrong information.Double­check everything you've entered before finalizing your travel insurance.5( ) Make sure you compare key features and benefits of travel insurance policies, and not just the price.Insurance is vital for your trip, so make sure you take the time to understand what you're paying for. A．Leave buying insurance until the last minute. B．Taking out an annual policy for a long­stay trip. C．This includes any medical problems you have experienced. D．Ensure you check your details as soon as you receive your documents. E．Insurers ask for medical changes in order to give you the right level of cover. F．Make sure you have travel insurance and cards to avoid any unexpected payments. G．However, there are several travel insurance mistakes to stop you from getting a payout. [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文，文章主要讲述了购买旅行保险的常见错误以及相关的建议，包括披露既往病史、及时更新健康状况、提前购买保险、确保信息准确、比较不同保险政策优劣。 1．G　[根据上文的“With summer fast approaching, it's time to book your trips.”可知，G项(然而，有几个旅游保险错误会阻止你获得赔偿。)与上文构成转折关系，说明了在旅行保险这方面要小心，与下文衔接得当。故选G项。] 2．C　[根据上文的“Fail to disclose pre­existing medical conditions.It's crucial that you tell your insurance provider about any medical conditions you have.”可知，C项(这包括你有过的任何医疗问题。)承接上文，说明了你要如实告知你的就医情况，下文指出了不告知保险公司有关情况会带来的后果。故选C项。] 3．E　[根据上文和下文的“If anything changes in health, let your insurer know as soon as possible to avoid any complications.”可知，E项(保险公司会询问你医疗变更的情况，以便给你适当的保险范围。)承接上文，说明了病情若发生变化要及时报告给保险公司，以便调整保险范围，下文指出了这样做的必要性。故选E项。] 4．A　[根据下文的“A good rule of thumb is to organize your travel insurance at the same time you book your holiday.”可知，A项(直到最后一刻才购买保险)说明了购买旅行保险常犯的错误之一，符合段落大意，且结构与其他段落相一致。故选A项。] 5．D　[根据上文的“Double­check everything you've entered before finalizing your travel insurance.”可知，D项(确保你一收到资料文件就检查你的详细信息。)承接上文，强调信息准确的必要性。故选D项。] 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $