必修第一册 UNIT 5 LANGUAGES AROUND THE WORLD（教师用书Word）-【正禾一本通】2026年新高考英语高三一轮总复习高效讲义（人教版）

该高中英语高考复习讲义围绕“传播汉语”话题，整合词汇（核心、多义、拓展）、句式（“be of+抽象名词”等）、语篇及写作核心考点，按“分类识记-佳句过关-语篇串记-真题演练”逻辑架构，通过考点梳理、方法指导、分层检测等环节，帮助学生系统构建知识网络，突破高频难点。 讲义突出高考真题对接，如核心词汇refer、means结合2024年高考实例，通过“熟词生义语境辨析”（如character多义）培养语言能力与思维品质，应用文写作构建“语言学习”语义场词块。分层练习（基础检测、能力提升）与实战训练结合，助力学生高效聚焦考点，为教师把控复习节奏提供清晰路径。

任务(一)　词汇、句式、语篇背诵 词汇多维背诵(分类识记，各个击破) 核心单词 围绕话题：传播汉语 1．struggle to master Chinese characters 　　　　 努力掌握汉字 2．appreciate the art of Chinese calligraphy 欣赏中国书法艺术 3．promote native Chinese culture 传播本土汉文化 4．develop a positive attitude towards Chinese 培养对汉语的积极态度 5．understand the Chinese language system 理解汉语体系 6．identify key factors in language promotion 确定语言传播中的关键因素 7．use symbols to represent Chinese culture 使用符号来代表中国文化 8．explore different means of teaching Chinese 探索教授汉语的不同方式 多义单词 词组(一)　熟词生义与词性活用 1．global [熟义]adj.全球的；全世界的→[生义]adj.整体的，全面的：adopt a global approach 采用全面的方法 2．base [熟义]vt.以……为基础；以……为据点 n．底部；根据；总部→[生义]n.基地；底座：the base of the statue 这座雕像的底座 3．equal adj.相同的；同样的→n.同等的人；相等物[词性活用]：treat everyone as an equal把每个人都视为平等的人 4．classic adj.传统的；最优秀的；典型的→n.经典作品；名著[词性活用]：a classic of English literature 英国文学的经典之作 词组(二)　一词多义 1．regard n．尊重；关注；[pl.]问候，致意 vt.把……视为；看待 ①regard someone with respect 以尊重的态度看待某人 ②a matter of great regard 备受关注的事务 ③regard it as an honor 把它视为一种荣誉 ④send my regards to your parents 请代我向您的父母问好 2．character n．文字；符号；角色；品质；特点 ①Chinese characters 汉字 ②a character in a story 故事中的角色 ③the character of a person 一个人的品质 3．major adj.主要的；重要的；大的 n．主修课程；主修学生 vi.主修；专门研究 ①major events in history 历史上的重要事件 ②a major in psychology 心理学专业学生 ③He majors in English.他主修英语。 4．appreciate vt.欣赏；重视；感激；领会 vi.增值 ①appreciate the beauty of nature 欣赏自然之美 ②appreciate someone's efforts 重视某人的努力 ③appreciate a good meal 感激一顿美好的餐食 ④The value of art can appreciate over time.艺术的价值会随着时间增值。 阅读单词 1．billion 　 　 n．十亿 2．bone n．骨头；骨(质) 3．shell n．壳；壳状物 4．dynasty n．王朝；朝代 5．semester n．学期 6．petrol n．汽油 7．gap n．间隔；开口；差距[助记：generation gap代沟] 8．despite prep.即使；尽管[近义：in spite of] 9．vocabulary n．词汇[助记：enlarge your vocabulary扩大你的词汇量] 10.carve 　　　 vt.& vi.雕刻[联想：sculpture n．雕刻作品] 11．dialect n．地方话；方言[联想：accent n．口音，腔调] 12．tongue n．舌头；语言[助记：mother tongue母语] 13．affair n．公共事务；事件；关系[近义：event；incident] 14．subway n．地铁[同义：underground] 15．apartment n．公寓套房[近义：flat] 拓展单词 1.refer vi.　 　 提到；参考；查阅 vt. 查询；叫……求助于 reference n. 指称关系；参考 2．base vt. 以……为据点；以……为基础 n. 底部；根据 based adj. 以(某事)为基础的；以……为重要部分(或特征)的 basic adj. 基本的；基础的 basically adv. 根本上；基本上 basis n. 基础；根据 3．vary vt.& vi. (使)变化 various adj. 不同的；各种各样的 variety n. (植物、语言等的)变体；异体；多样化 4．major adj. 主要的；重要的；大的 n. 主修课程；主修学生 vi. 主修；专门研究 majority n. 大多数；大半 5．globe n. 球体；地球仪；地球 global adj. 全球的；全世界的 6．appreciate vt. 欣赏；重视；感激；领会 vi. 增值 appreciation n.　 欣赏；感激；感谢 appreciative adj. 感激的 7．equal n. 同等的人；相等物 adj. 相同的；同样的 equality n. 平等；相等 equally adv. 同样地；相等地；公平地 8．demand n. 要求；需求 vt. 强烈要求；需要 vi. 查问 demanding adj. 要求高的 9．describe vt. 描述；形容；描绘 description n. 描写(文字)；形容 10．relate vt. 联系；讲述 related adj. 有关系的；有关联的 relation n. 关系 relative n. 亲戚；同类事物 adj. 相对的；比较的 11．specific adj. 特定的；明确的；具体的 specifically adv. 特定地；明确地 12．beg vt. 恳求；祈求；哀求 beggar n. 乞丐 重点短语 1．relate to 与……相关；涉及；谈到 2．at the beginning 起初 3．in one direction 朝一个方向 4．ups and downs 浮沉；兴衰；荣辱 5．point of view 观点；看法[联想： from my point of view在我看来] 6．have trouble with 在……方面有困难[联想：have trouble in doing] 7．compare...with/to... 与……比较[比较：compare...to...也可表示“把……比作……”] 8．be known for 因……而众所周知[比较：be known as作为……而出名] 9.an increasing number of 越来越多的[点拨：more and more的高级表达] 10．date back (to...) 追溯到[同义：date from，没有被动语态] 11．get used to (doing) sth 习惯于(做)某事[点拨：to为介词] 12．depend on 依靠，依赖[同义：rely on，count on] 13．play a role in 在……中起作用[同义：play a part in] 14．refer to ①指的是　②描述　③提到　④查阅 单元佳句过关(遮挡背诵，自我检测) 1.That writing system was of great importance in uniting the Chinese people and culture.(be of＋抽象名词) 2．Even today，no matter where Chinese people live or what dialect they speak，they can all still communicate in writing.(“no matter＋疑问词”引导让步状语从句) 3．Written Chinese has also become an important means by which China's present is connected with its past.(“介词＋which”引导的定语从句) 4．As China plays a greater role in global affairs，an increasing number of international students are beginning to appreciate China's culture and history through this amazing language.(as引导的时间状语从句) [遮住左栏尝试背诵] 1．那一书写体系对于团结中国人民和中国文化具有重要意义。 2．即使在今天，不论住在哪里，也不论说何种方言，中国人都仍能通过书写(文字)进行交流。 3．汉字也成为连接中国现在与过去的一个重要媒介。 4．随着中国在全球事务中扮演着越来越重要的角色，越来越多的国际学生开始通过汉语这一奇妙的语言了解和欣赏中国的文化和历史。 语篇串记词汇(背美文，记单词) Learning English Despite all the difficulties, you are still struggling to learn English.From my point of view, there are many equally important factors that will influence your English learning.My suggestions are as follows. First of all, it is of great importance to try to use it as frequently as possible, especially the vocabularies related to the daily lives.Besides, no matter where we are, it is demanded that we should make good use of every chance to communicate with others in English, and it will be much better to do it with the English native speakers.In the end, reading some specific references that your teachers refer to will be greatly beneficial. Hope you regard my advice as helpful. [遮住左栏，忆加黑词汇] 学习英语 尽管遇到很多问题，但你依然在拼命地学英语。在我看来，有多种同样重要的因素影响着你的英语学习。我的建议如下。 首先，尽可能经常地使用英语很重要，特别是多使用与日常生活相关的词汇。此外，无论我们身在何处，都要求充分利用每一次机会用英语与他人交流，如能跟英语母语者交流会更好。最后，阅读一些老师提到的特定的参考资料会大有好处。 希望你认为我的建议是有帮助的。 任务(二)　背诵过关检测 Ⅰ.单词检测 (Ⅰ)英汉互译 1．native 　　　 　 adj.出生地的；本地的；土著的 n．本地人 2．attitude n．态度；看法 3．system n．体系；制度；系统 4．despite prep.即使；尽管 5．factor n．因素；要素 6．symbol n．符号；象征 7．means n．方式；方法；途径 8．regard n．尊重；关注 vt.把……视为；看待 9．calligraphy n．书法；书法艺术 10．affair n．公共事务；事件；关系 11．struggle n．& vi.斗争；奋斗；搏斗 12．subway n．地铁 13．apartment n．公寓套房 14．gap n．间隔；开口；差距 15．vocabulary n．词汇 (Ⅱ)熟词生义与一词多义 1．adopt a global approach　 采用全面的方法 2．treat everyone as an equal 把每个人都视为平等的人 3．The base of the statue 这座雕像的底座 4．a classic of English literature 英国文学的经典之作 5．send my regards to your parents 请代我向您的父母问好 6．Chinese characters 汉字 7．a major in psychology 心理学专业学生 8．The value of art can appreciate over time. 艺术的价值会随着时间增值。 (Ⅲ)写出派生或词性、词义 1．refer vi.提到；参考；查阅 vt.查询；叫……求助于→reference n．指称关系；参考 2．base vt.以……为据点；以……为基础 n．底部；根据→basic adj.基本的；基础的→basically adv.根本上；基本上→basis n．基础；根据 3．vary vt.& vi.(使)变化→various adj.不同的；各种各样的→variety n．(植物、语言等的)变体；异体；多样化 4．major adj.主要的；重要的；大的 n．主修课程；主修学生 vi.主修；专门研究→majority n．大多数；大半 5．globe n．球体；地球仪；地球→global adj.全球的；全世界的 6．appreciate vt.欣赏；重视；感激；领会 vi.增值→appreciation n．欣赏；感激；感谢→appreciative adj.感激的 7．equal n．同等的人；相等物 adj.相同的；同样的→equality n．平等；相等 8．demand n．要求；需求 vt.强烈要求；需要 vi.查问→demanding adj.要求高的 9．describe vt.描述；形容；描绘→description n．描写(文字)；形容 10．relate vt.联系；讲述→relation n．关系→relative n．亲戚；同类事物 adj.相对的；比较的 11．specific adj.特定的；明确的；具体的→specifically adv.特定地；明确地 12．beg vt.恳求；祈求；哀求→beggar n．乞丐 Ⅱ.短语英汉互译 1．relate to　　　　　　　 　 与……相关；涉及；谈到 2．in one direction 朝一个方向 3．have trouble with 在……方面有困难 4．compare...with... 与……比较 5．be known for 因……而众所周知 6．an increasing number of 越来越多的 7．depend on 依靠，依赖 8．play a role in 在……中起作用 9．date back (to...) 追溯到 10．ups and downs 浮沉；兴衰；荣辱 11．get used to (doing) sth 习惯于(做)某事 12．refer to ①指的是　②描述 ③提到　④查阅 Ⅲ.佳句默写(温馨提示：用衡水体认真书写) 1．那一书写体系对于团结中国人民和中国文化具有重要意义。(be of＋抽象名词) That writing system was of great importance in uniting the Chinese people and culture. 2．即使在今天，不论住在哪里，也不论说何种方言，中国人都仍能通过书写(文字)进行交流。(“no matter＋疑问词”引导让步状语从句) Even today，no matter where Chinese people live or what dialect they speak，they can all still communicate in writing. 3．汉字也成为连接中国现在与过去的一个重要媒介。(“介词＋which”引导的定语从句) Written Chinese has also become an important means by which China's present is connected with its past. Part 1　核心词句——学表达 refer vi.(referred，referred，referring)提到；参考；查阅 vt.查询；叫……求助于→reference n．指称关系；参考 【高考真题】　(2024·全国甲卷应用文写作)It is often referred to as the backbone of China's transport system, connecting millions of people efficiently.它通常被称为中国交通系统的支柱，有效地连接着数百万人。 ◎refer to　　　 　　 指的是；描述；提到；查阅 ◎refer to...as... 把……称作…… ◎in/with reference to 关于 【写作语料】　 ◎refer to a dictionary查阅词典 ◎refer to the recent changes in the policy 提到了最近的政策变化 ◎refer to him as a genius把他称作天才 ◎in reference to government policies 关于政府的政策 【语境运用】　单句填空/完成句子 ①When referring (refer) to masters of Chinese modern art，we have to mention Li Shutong with admiration. ②Often referred (refer) to as a pioneer, the artist has pushed the boundaries of contemporary art. ③关于最近的气候报告，立即采取行动是必要的，以减轻环境损害。 In reference to the recent climate report, immediate action is necessary to mitigate environmental damage. base vt.以……为据点；以……为基础 n．底部；根据→basic adj.基本的；基础的→basis n．基础→basically adv.根本上；基本上 【高考真题】　(2024·浙江1月卷应用文写作)Based on various studies, just ten minutes of jumping rope can burn as many calories as running for thirty minutes.各项研究表明，仅仅跳绳10分钟就可以燃烧跑步30分钟所消耗的卡路里。 ◎base...on/upon... 把……建立在……的基础上 ◎be based on/upon... 以……为基础 ◎on a daily/regular basis 每天/定期 ◎on the basis of 在……的基础上 【写作语料】　 ◎some basic table manners一些基本的餐桌礼仪 ◎based on traditional Chinese customs基于中国的传统风俗 ◎playing Frisbee on a regular basis 经常玩飞盘 【语境运用】　单句填空/完成句子 ①(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷)—So, what are they learning？—Basically (basic)，how to describe a panda's life. ②With our knowledge based (base) on practice, we can make great contributions to our society. ③(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)这些天，我和我的同学一起根据英语课文创作出了一个短剧。 These days, I, together with my classmates, have produced a short play based on/upon the English text．(分词作定语) means n．方法；方式；途径 【高考真题】　(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷应用文写作) By means of this outdoor setting, I found it easier to connect with my subject and express my feelings through art.通过这种户外环境，我发现我更容易与主题建立联系，并通过艺术来表达我的感受。 ◎by this means 通过这种方法 ◎by means of 用……办法；借助……手段 ◎by all means 一定，务必；好的，当然可以 ◎by no means 决不，一点也不(置于句首，句子需部分倒装) 【写作语料】　 ◎means of production/transport/communication 生产资料/交通方式/通信手段 ◎try every means to fight against global warming尽一切办法对抗全球变暖 【语境运用】　单句填空/完成句子 ①Every possible means has been tried (try) so far，but none has worked. ＝All possible means have been tried (try) so far，but none has worked. ②(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)这绝不仅仅是关于绘画；在讨论技巧和灵感时我们也享受其中。 By no means was it just about painting; we also had fun discussing techniques and inspiration.(倒装) ③只有通过均衡饮食、定期锻炼，你才能既保持体形又保持健康。[建议信] Only by means of balanced diets and regular exercises can you keep your figure as well as stay healthy. appreciate vt.欣赏；重视；感激；领会 vi.增值→appreciation n．欣赏；感激→appreciative adj.感激的 【高考真题】　(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷应用文写作)I would appreciate it if my suggestion could be taken into account.I'm looking forward to your early reply.如果我的建议能被考虑在内，我将不胜感激。我期待你的早日答复。 ◎appreciate doing... 欣赏/感激做…… ◎I would appreciate it if...＝I would be grateful if... 假如……我将不胜感激 ◎express/convey one's appreciation to sb for sth 因某事向某人表达自己的感激之情 【写作语料】　 ◎appreciate your help and support感谢你的帮助和支持 ◎deepen my appreciation for nature加深我对自然的欣赏 ◎convey my appreciation for your generous assistance对您的慷慨帮助表达感谢 【语境运用】　完成语段 我想借此机会对您在我治疗期间所提供的照顾表示衷心的感谢。你的同情心和专业精神让这一段充满挑战的时光更容易接受。感谢你详尽的解释和回答我的问题所花的时间。如果你能分享任何关于保持健康的建议，我将不胜感激。 I'd like to take this chance ①to express my heartfelt appreciation for the care you provided during my treatment.Your compassion and professionalism made the challenging time much easier to bear.I ②appreciate your thorough explanations and the time you took to answer my questions.I ③would appreciate it if you could share any tips for maintaining health. struggle n．& vi.斗争；奋斗；搏斗 【高考真题】　(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷读后续写)Struggling to his feet, David continued his running，showing no sign of giving up.大卫挣扎着站起来继续跑，没有表现出任何放弃的迹象。[脚部动作描写] ◎struggle for... 为……而斗争/奋斗 ◎struggle with/against sb/sth 与某人/某事做斗争 ◎struggle to do sth 努力做某事 ◎struggle to one's feet 挣扎着站起来 ◎it is a struggle (for sb) to do sth (对于某人而言)做某事真是难事 【写作语料】　 ◎struggle for freedom/independence 为自由/独立而斗争 ◎struggle to make ends meet努力维持生计 【语境运用】　单句填空/完成句子 ①The children talked so loudly at the dinner table that I had to struggle to be heard (hear). ②(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)当我感觉到巴士的发车时间逐渐逼近时，我很难保持平静。 It was a struggle for me to remain calm as I felt the departure time of the bus creeping closer. ③休息了一会儿后，他深吸了一口气，挣扎着站了起来。[脚部动作描写] After having a short rest，he took a deep breath, struggling to his feet． equal n．同等的人；相等物 adj.相同的；同样的；相等的；平等的；相当的；能胜任的 v．与……相等，等于；比得上→equality n．平等；相等→equally adv.同等地； 公平地 【高考真题】　(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷应用文写作)I hold the firm belief that such experiences have no equal in helping us grow as artists.我坚信，这样的经历在帮助我们成长为艺术家方面是无与伦比的。 be equal to (doing) sth 等于/胜任(做)某事 ◎equal sb/sth in (doing) sth 在(做)某事上比得过某人/物 【写作语料】　 ◎without equal＝have no equal 无与伦比 ◎be of equal importance 同样重要 ◎equal him in strength 在力量上与他匹敌 【语境运用】　完成语段 首先，在所有申请者中，没有人在英语口语方面比得过我。同样重要的是，我擅长与他人交流。因此，我坚信我能胜任志愿者的工作。 First of all, among all the applicants, nobody can ①equal me in oral English．What ②is equally important is that I am good at communicating with others.So I hold the firm belief that I ③am equal to the job as a volunteer. demand n．需求；要求 vt.强烈要求；需要 vi.查问(生义)→demanding adj.要求高的 【高考真题】　(2024·全国甲卷应用文写作) In recent years, shared bicycles have become increasingly popular, meeting the demand for convenient and eco­friendly transportation.近年来，共享自行车越来越受欢迎，满足了对方便、环保的交通工具的需求。 ◎demand to do sth 要求做某事 ◎demand that...(should) do sth 要求……做某事 ◎be in (great) demand (迫切)需求 【写作语料】　 ◎the demand for renewable energy sources 对可再生能源的需求 ◎satisfy consumers' growing demand for quality 满足消费者对质量的日益需求 ◎finish the demanding task on time按时完成这项极具挑战性的任务 【语境运用】　单句填空/一句多译 ①Nowadays science graduates are in greater demand because advanced science has created more demanding (demand) jobs. ②学生们要求获得更多的资源以用于他们的研究项目，认为这将提升他们的学习体验。 →The students demand to have more resources for their research projects, believing it will enhance their learning experience. →The students demand that they should have more resources for their research projects, believing it will enhance their learning experience. date back (to...) 追溯到 【高考真题】　(2024·全国甲卷应用文写作)The history of transport in China dates back to ancient times when people relied on horses and carts for travel and trade.中国的交通历史可以追溯到古代，当时人们依靠马车进行旅行和贸易。 ◎date back to＝date from　 追溯到…… ◎out of date 过时的，陈旧的 ◎up to date 最近的 【写作语料】　 The ancient city is a popular tourist attraction in China, dating back to the Spring and Autumn Period.[旅游景点介绍] 这座古城是中国一个很受欢迎的旅游景点，可以追溯到春秋时期。 【语境运用】　完成句子/一句多译 ①这份报告中的信息已经过时，无法反映当前的情况。 The information in this report is out of date and can not reflect the current situation. ②这些古代遗址可以追溯到明朝，让人们得以一窥中国丰富的历史。 →The ancient sites, which date back to the Ming Dynasty, offer a glimpse into China's rich history.(定语从句) →The ancient sites, dating back to the Ming Dynasty, offer a glimpse into China's rich history.(分词短语作定语) 句式：“be of＋抽象名词”结构 【教材原句】　That writing system was of great importance in uniting the Chinese people and culture. 那一书写体系对于凝聚中华民族和中华文化具有重要意义。 ◎be of＋抽象名词＝be＋该名词的同根形容词 ◎of＋size/colour/height/length/weight/age/shape/quality等表人或物的属性的名词，在句中作表语或定语。 【写作佳句】　 ①The advice you gave us proved to be of great value/greatly valuable，without which we couldn't have achieved our dreams. 你给我们的建议被证明很有价值。没有它我们就不可能实现我们的梦想。 ②The shelves were designed to hold books of the same height, ensuring a neat appearance. 这些书架的设计是为了放置高度相同的书籍，以确保整齐的外观。 【仿写借鉴】　单句填空/一句多译 ①The two brothers are of the same height, making it difficult to tell who is younger. ②学会自律对我们的英语学习大有益处。 →Learning to discipline ourselves is of great benefit to our English learning. →Learning to discipline ourselves is very beneficial to our English learning. 句式：“no matter＋疑问词”引导让步状语从句 【教材原句】　Even today，no matter where Chinese people live or what dialect they speak，they can all still communicate in writing.即使在今天，不论住在哪里，也不论说何种方言，中国人都仍能通过书写(文字)进行交流。 ◎“no matter＋疑问词”只能引导让步状语从句，可放在主句前或主句后。 ◎whenever, wherever, however引导让步状语从句，相当于no matter when/where/how。 ◎whatever, whoever, whichever, whomever既可引导名词性从句，也可引导让步状语从句，引导让步状语从句时相当于no matter what/who/which/whom。 【写作佳句】　 ①A determined person will try all means to achieve their goals，no matter how many hard­ships they may suffer. 意志坚定的人会想尽一切办法来实现他们的目标，不管他们历经了多少艰难险阻。 ②Whenever/No matter when you need help，I sincerely hope that you can contact me without hesitation. 无论你何时需要帮助，我真诚地希望你能毫不犹豫地跟我联系。 【仿写借鉴】　完成句子 ①(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)我尝到了胜利的滋味，学会了不管遇到什么困难，都要坚持不懈地追求自己的梦想。 I got a taste of victory and learned to pursue my dream with perseverance，whatever difficulties might arise． ②无论我们距离有多远， 我们都感觉彼此很亲近。 However far away/No matter how far away we are, we feel close to each other. Part 2　阅读词汇——善辨义 1．major A.adj.主要的；重要的；大的　B．vi.主修；专门研究　C．n.主修学生 ①Juan Louis, a junior geology major, decided to give an informative speech about how earthquakes occur. C ②(2022·全国乙卷)Selected from collections throughout the world，it is the first major exhibition of his work to be held in over forty years. A ③(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)In fact, he inspires me to major in English in college, to be a bridge between China and the rest of the world. B 2．character A.n.角色；人物　B．n.品质；性格　C．n.文字 D．n.特点，特色 ①(2023·全国乙卷)Although landscapes in the Midwest tend to be quite similar，either farm fields or highways, sometimes I find distinctive character in the hills or lakes. D ②His grandmother is a woman with a strong character and never loses heart when she is in trouble. B ③Now，Beidou's messaging capacity has been increased to 1，200 Chinese characters in a single message. C ④Yes，the employees dressed up as movie characters，and every customer received a discount card. A 3．appreciate A.vt.欣赏　B．vt.重视　C．vt.感激　D．vi.增值 ①(2024·浙江1月卷)Hmm, your description really teaches me something about appreciating abstract art. A ②The value of the property is expected to appreciate over the next few years. D ③The manager appreciates the hard work of her team and often acknowledges their efforts. B ④I appreciate your help with my project; it made a significant difference. C 4．refer to ①Why not refer to a dictionary to check the spelling of the word？ C ②The scientist referred to global warming at least three times in his speech. B ③The word “business” also refers to an organization that offers goods and services. A 巧借前缀sub­推测词义 sub­是一个常见的前缀，来源于拉丁语，有多种含义，主要有： ①在……之下，下方 (under, below) submerge vt.浸没，沉没 ②次等的，副的，下级的 (inferior, secondary) subplot n．次要情节 ③接近，近似 (near, close to) suburb n．郊区，城郊 ④稍微 (somewhat, slightly) subsequent adj.随后的 [本单元]sub­＋way(路)→下面的路→subway n．地铁 1．The submarine dived deep into the ocean to explore the underwater world. [词义]sub(在……之下)＋marine(海洋的)→submarine n．潜水艇 2．The substandard products were recalled due to safety concerns. [词义]sub(次等的)＋standard(标准)→substandard adj.不合标准的 3．The subzero temperatures made it difficult for the hikers to continue their journey. [词义]sub(在……之下)＋zero(零)→subzero adj.零下的 4．The teacher asked the students to write a subtitle for the article. [词义]sub(副的)＋title(标题)→subtitle n．副标题 5．The subcommittee was formed to address specific issues within the organization. [词义]sub(下级的)＋committee(委员会)→subcommittee n．小组委员会 6．The mind­body connection is such that if，for example，we want to avoid something，very often our subconscious mind will arrange it. [词义]sub(稍微)＋conscious (有意识的)→subconscious adj.下意识的，潜意识的 (一)核心词句专练——单句语法填空 1．(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)First, a girl I met one day told me she was training for a “super，” referring (refer) to a 52.4­mile double marathon. 2．(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)Never would I sign up for the writing competition without your encouragement, so my thanks are beyond description (describe). 3．Helen Keller became deaf and blind when she was 19 months old，but she never gave up and struggled to lead (lead) an active life. 4．I appreciate being given (give) the opportunity to work in your company two years ago. 5．It is a fact that those who speak English with fluency are in great demand in modern times. 6．The novel which was popular with readers was based on/upon an earthquake which struck Wenchuan in 2008. 7．Rainforests are home to a rich variety (vary) of medicinal plants, food, birds and animals. 8．The tower dating (date) back to the Ming Dynasty was seriously destroyed in the flood. (二)阅读词汇猜词——熟词生义、派生 1．(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)Somehow，these arguments and reasoning resulted in a global reduction in error.adj.整体的，全面的 2．She has a deep regard for her mentor, who has guided her throughout her career.n.尊重 3．Our cars are the equal of those produced anywhere in the world.n.相等物 4．The lamp has a heavy base so as not to fall easily.n.底座 5．Coral reefs are a prime example of symbiosis, where coral and algae live together for mutual benefit. ◎sym­(共同，一起)＋bio(生命)＋­sis(一种状态或过程)→symbiosis n．共生 (一)应用文写作[建议信——分组练习英语口语] (2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)假定你是李华，外教Ryan准备将学生随机分为两人一组，让大家课后练习口语，你认为这样分组存在问题。请你给外教写一封邮件，内容包括： 1．说明问题；2.提出建议。 选用本单元所学知识和右栏词块翻译句子 第一段：开门见山，点明写信目的 1．我想提一下您随机分组让学生进行口语练习的计划。 I would like to refer to your plan to randomly group students for speaking practice. 第二段：列出分组练习口语的优缺点并提出建议 2．虽然这种方法可以鼓励互动，但它可能不能有效地满足每个人的需求。 While this method can encourage interaction, it may not meet everyone's demand effectively. 3．有些学生可能很难用英语表达自己，尤其是如果他们与更高级的说话者配对。 Some students may struggle to express themselves in English, especially if they are paired with more advanced speakers. 4．我建议我们以学生的语言能力为基础。 I suggest that we base the groups on students' language proficiency. 5．通过这种方法，我们可以确保每个学生都与一个相似水平的人配对。 By means of this approach, we can ensure that each student is paired with someone at a similar level. 第三段：表达感受和期待 6．如果你能考虑这个建议，我将不胜感激。 I would appreciate it if you could consider this suggestion. [构建语义场——语言学习] 1．语言学习 ①learn a language 学习一门语言 ②practice speaking 练习口语 ③expand vocabulary 扩展词汇量 ④take language courses 参加语言课程 ⑤engage in conversations 参与对话 ⑥listen to native speakers 听母语者的讲话 ⑦encourage interaction 鼓励互动 2．语言应用 ⑧communicate effectively 有效沟通 ⑨conduct interviews 进行采访 give presentations 做演讲 ⑪participate in discussions 参与讨论 ⑫express opinions 表达观点 ⑬use idiomatic expressions 使用惯用语 ⑭develop listening skills 提升听力技能 ⑮students' language proficiency 学生的语言能力 3．语言与文化 ⑯explore linguistic diversity 探索语言多样性 ⑰appreciate cultural heritage 欣赏文化遗产 ⑱learn about dialects 了解方言 ⑲understand language barriers 理解语言障碍 ⑳share language learning experiences 分享语言学习经历 4．语言技能提升 improve pronunciation 改善发音 enhance writing skills 提高写作技能 join in language exchange programs 参加语言交流项目 receive feedback on writing 收到写作反馈 (二)读后续写[语言学习话题＋恐惧心理描写(2)] Ⅰ.教材语料背诵 词汇 [情感描写]　attitude；despite；ups and downs；appreciate v．→appreciation n． [动作描写]　refer to；major；regard；struggle；demand；relate to 佳句 1.My biggest headache is how to be polite in English. 2．I used to get high marks in English，but now I'm having a lot of trouble with my listening.(对比) 3．One language sets you in a corridor for life.Two languages open every door along the way.(主旨升华) Ⅱ.拓展语料积累 词汇 fearful 害怕的；terrified 恐惧的；frightened 惊恐的；shocked 令人震惊的；uneasy 不安的；be rooted to the spot定在原地；heart pounding/beating wildly心脏狂跳；break out in a cold sweat突然冒出一身冷汗；have one's heart in one's mouth某人的心提到嗓子眼儿；be seized with panic惊慌失措；tremble with fear/terror 吓得发抖 佳句 1.I stood on the stage, my heart racing like a drum, drowning out all rational thoughts. 当我站在舞台上时，心脏像鼓一样狂跳，淹没了所有理智的想法。 2．A wave of anxiety washed over me, making my palms sweaty and my throat dry. 一阵焦虑的潮水涌来，让我的手心出汗，喉咙干涩。 3．I could feel my legs trembling beneath me, as if they were betraying my confidence. 我能感觉到双腿在我身下颤抖，仿佛在宣告我的自信。 4．My mind went blank，struggling to recall the words I had practiced so many times. 我的脑海一片空白，努力回忆我练习过无数次的词句。 5．He wanted to run away but found himself rooted to the spot. 他想逃离，却发现自己一动也不能动。 Ⅲ.语料综合运用(用上述语料完成续写) [前情提示]　我的英语口语不好，但在老师和同学的鼓励下报名参加了英语演讲比赛，赛前经过了两周的集训，英语演讲比赛的日子到了…… [续写构思]　站在舞台上→非常紧张→想逃跑→试图查阅笔记→突然出了一身冷汗 　　然后轮到我了。站在舞台上，我能感觉到我的心怦怦直跳，手掌出汗。我太紧张了以至于脑海一片空白。我想逃跑，却根本动不了，我的膝盖发软。我努力思考，试图查阅我的笔记，尽管这是不被允许的。我的手颤抖得太厉害了；演讲稿滑到了地上。尽管是炎炎夏日，我突然出了一身冷汗。“帮帮我吧！”我能听到一个绝望的声音在我的脑海中响起。 　　Then came my turn.Standing on the stage，I could ①feel my heart pounding wildly and my palms sweating．②So nervous was I that (倒装结构)my mind completely went blank.I wanted to flee，but I was rooted on the spot，③with my knees weak (with复合结构).I struggled to think hard，④attempting to refer to my notes (分词作状语)，though it was not allowed.My hands trembled too wildly and my speech script slid onto the ground.Summer day as it was，I ⑤broke out in a cold sweat．“Help me please！” I could hear a desperate voice ringing in my mind. (时间：25分钟　满分：35分) Ⅰ.阅读理解(共8小题，每小题2.5分，共20分) A (2025·南京市学情调研)In the heart of the Kanien'kehá：ka Nation(卡尼恩克哈部族)in Canada, McComber, a native language teacher reflected on a question raised by Maori (毛利语的) language advocate Sir Tīmoti Kāretu: what was your dream for the future of your language? Kanien'kéha, the Mohawk language, is endangered, and for decades, McComber has worked hard to operate a native language school.At the turn of the century, as it encountered more barriers, McComber looked around the world for help and inspiration, and Kāretu was the answer.“Don't wait for money or approval; just do the work，” Kāretu told her.It's the same message Kāretu carried with her decades ago, when te reo Maori, the Maori language, was also on the line. In the early 1970s, young Maori advocates in New Zealand marched to the government, demanding Maori be taught in all public schools.In 1982, Dame Iritana Tāwhiwhirangi established Kohanga Reo, an engaging language program where Maori was the only language taught, spoken and used both in the classroom and at home, and the courses focused on Maori history and culture.“Grandparents became teachers，” she says.“The difference­maker was that the Kohanga Reo was entirely community­led.Families raised the money to rent classroom spaces, and volunteers planned and taught classes.” Translated in English as “language nest”， the Kohanga Reo model quickly became an important cultural export and inspired other minority communities worldwide.“Our parents ruled，” a student of McComber's nest school says.“They wanted to teach us the beauty of our language, our culture, and who we are.And it has given me the confidence to speak and read with ease in both English and Kanien'kehá.” The model helped communities view the world through their ancestors' eyes, ensuring the survival of their way of life.“It's not just about language，” McComber can now answer that question.“It's everything.” [语篇解读]本文是说明文。McComber是一位莫霍克语老师，她通过汲取毛利语保护及传播的经验，利用Kohanga Reo(语言巢)模式来保护濒危的莫霍克语。 1．Why did McComber turn to Kāretu for help? A．Because Kāretu also spoke Kanien'kehá. B．Because Kāretu once faced a similar crisis. C．Because she needed his financial support. D．Because she desired his tips on language learning. B　[推理判断题。第二段首句讲莫霍克语濒危，McComber一直在努力经营一所本地语言学校。接着讲在世纪之交，当遇到更多障碍时，McComber向世界各地寻求帮助和灵感，而Kāretu就是答案，Kāretu告诉McComber不要等待金钱或认可，做自己该做的。这和Kāretu 几十年前传递的信息是一样的，当时毛利语也处于危险之中。由此可推断，McComber之所以向Kāretu寻求帮助是因为Kāretu曾经也面临相似的危机，即Kāretu所提倡的毛利语曾经和莫霍克语一样处于濒危边缘。故选B。] 2．What contributed to the success of Kohanga Reo? A．Expansion of public schools. B．Flexibility of the courses. C．Rule of the students' parents. D．Support from the community. D　[细节理解题。根据第三段的“The difference­maker was that the Kohanga Reo was entirely community­led...volunteers planned and taught classes”可知，Kohanga Reo完全由社区主导，家庭集资租用教室空间，志愿者策划并教授课程。由此可知，来自社区的支持促成了Kohanga Reo的成功。A项“公立学校的扩张”；B项“课程的灵活性”；C项“学生家长的管理”。] 3．What does Paragraph 4 mainly talk about? A．The impact of the Kohanga Reo model. B．The importance of parents' involvement. C．The procedure for building the nest school. D．The case of a student finding his real identity. A　[主旨大意题。第四段首句的“the Kohanga Reo model quickly became an important cultural export and inspired other minority communities worldwide”是本段的关键句，讲Kohanga Reo模式迅速成为一种重要的文化输出，激励世界各地的其他少数民族社区。接着引用了McComber学校的一名学生的话，表明在Kohanga Reo模式下，父辈们教授孩子们莫霍克语之美、文化之美，这给予孩子们信心，让他们可以轻松地用英语和莫霍克语说话和阅读。由此可知，第四段主要讲述了Kohanga Reo模式的影响。故选A。] 4.By saying “It's everything”， McComber suggests ． A．guaranteeing the survival of their own schools B．keeping their culture for future generations C．purifying their unique minority language D．practicing the tradition of their ancestors B　[推理判断题。最后一段讲Kohanga Reo模式帮助社区通过祖先的眼睛观察世界，确保了他们生活方式能够继续存在。McComber 说这不仅仅是语言的问题，这是一切。由此可推断，McComber的话语中隐含的意思是 Kohanga Reo模式不仅对保护语言产生影响，还将对后代的生活方式和文化产生影响，所以McComber建议为后代保留他们的文化。故选B。A项“保证他们自己学校的生存”；C项“净化他们独特的少数民族语言”；D项“实践他们祖先的传统”。] B (2025·豫西北教研联盟第一次质量检测)Imagine looking through TikTok and seeing a famous star pop up.He says he's giving away brand­new phones.“Click the link below to claim yours now！”Do you click？Maybe.It looks and sounds like the star.But it's actually a deepfake—a false clip (片段) created by artificial intelligence (AI).Last October, this video tricked fans into sharing personal details.But a new tool, AntiFake, could help prevent such scams (欺诈). An AI model can learn to imitate someone's voice based on about 30 seconds of speech.“It does this by creating something called an embedding.This is basically a series of numbers，” says Yu Zhiyuan, a PhD student in computer science at Washington University, whose team built AntiFake. People recognize voices by paying more attention to some frequencies of sound waves and less attention to other frequencies, but the AI model uses all frequencies to create good embeddings.AntiFake protects voice recordings by adding some noise to the frequencies people pay less attention to.That noise can mess up an AI model's ability to create a good embedding of the voice. Yu's team picked 600 deepfake clips that fooled both human listeners and voice­authentication (语音认证) systems, and then added AntiFake protection to the 600 voice clips those deepfakes had been based on.Next, the scientists sent the protected files back through the five deepfake AI models.This time, over 95% of the new deepfake samples no longer tricked people or machines. “This is an interesting and great new tool to defend against deepfakes，” says Shimaa Ahmed, an expert who wasn't involved in building AntiFake.“However, if my voice is my job, I'd like to have my voice as it is.” “This is actually a problem we want to address in the future，” Yu notes.Instead of adding noise, he thinks AntiFake could change the rhythm or tone of a voice.The voice would sound clear and unchanged to listeners.But it would contain carefully­hidden signals to trick deepfake AI models. [语篇解读]本文是说明文。本文介绍了一种名为AntiFake、可以预防深度伪造语音欺诈的新方法。通过向不太被注意的频率添加噪声，AntiFake能干扰AI模型生成的声音嵌入，从而有效预防语音被伪造。 5．How does AntiFake help prevent deepfake voice scams? A．By making AI models' embeddings damaged. B．By making voices sound noisy and annoying. C．By making voice recordings hard to imitate. D．By making voices difficult to identify and record. C　[细节理解题。根据第三段的“AntiFake protects voice recordings by adding some noise to the frequencies...to create a good embedding of the voice”可知，AntiFake通过向人们不太注意的频率上增加一些噪声来保护录音，这种噪声会干扰AI模型生成良好的声音嵌入。由此可知，AntiFake是通过使录音难以模仿的方式帮助预防深度伪造语音欺诈的。故选C项。] 6．What is Paragraph 4 intended to show about AntiFake? A．Its development. B．Its effectiveness. C．Its special design. D．Its working principle. B　[推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句“This time，over 95% of the new deepfake samples no longer tricked people or machines”可知，在这些深度伪造所基于的600个语音片段上添加了AntiFake保护后，95%的取样无法骗过人工和语音识别机器。由此可推知，第四段旨在介绍AntiFake的效果。故选B项。] 7．What's Shimaa Ahmed's attitude to AntiFake? A．Objective. B．Disappointed. C．Positive. D．Unclear. A　[观点态度题。根据倒数第二段的“This is an interesting and great new tool to defend against deepfakes”“However, if my voice is my job, I'd like to have my voice as it is”可知，Shimaa Ahmed认为，AntiFake是一种有趣且极好的新方法，可以预防深度伪造。但是，如果他的声音就是他的工作，他希望他的声音可以保持原样。由此可推知，Shimaa Ahmed对AntiFake的态度是客观的。故选A项。] 8．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text? A．The Role of AI Models in Scams B．A New Tool to Prevent Voice Scams C．Impacts of Deepfake Voice Scams D．An Innovation for Identifying Voice Scams B　[主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍一种名为AntiFake、可以预防深度伪造语音欺诈的新方法。通过向不太被注意的频率添加噪声，AntiFake能干扰AI模型生成的声音嵌入，从而有效预防语音被伪造。B项“一种防止语音欺诈的新方法”适合作本文标题。故选B项。] Ⅱ.语法填空(共10个空，每空1.5分，共15分) (2025·南充市高考适应性考试)Beijing Central Axis was inscribed(写上)on the UNESCO World Heritage List on July 27, 1 marks China's 59th World Heritage Site.Initially constructed in the 13th century and shaped in the 16th century, it is an 2 (influence) masterpiece running north­south through the heart of the old city of Beijing, totaling 7.8 kilometers in 3 (long). The newly inscribed World Heritage Site, consisting of 15 components, with the Bell and Drum Towers at its northern end and the Yongdingmen Gate at the southern end, 4 (present) a collection of building complexes and archaeological sites that governs the overall layout of Beijing's old city.World­famous 5 (landmark) like the Forbidden City and the Tian'anmen Square Complex, are along the Axis, and the Temple of Heaven and the Altar of the God of Agriculture 6 (locate) on the east and west sides of the Axis. Beijing Central Axis is 7 (true) a remarkable sight showcasing the wisdom and creativity of ancient Chinese urban planners.Years of efforts in preservation and restoration have resulted 8 the successful inscription of Beijing Central Axis, which is 9 unique blend of history, culture and architecture.It has formed a magnificent urban architectural complex, 10 (witness) the ideal order of capital cities that has influenced the buildings of traditional Chinese cities for more than two thousand years. 答案：1.which　2.influential　3.length　4.presents 5．landmarks　6.are located　7.truly　8.in　9.a　10.witnessing 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $