必修第一册 UNIT 3 SPORTS AND FITNESS（教师用书Word）-【正禾一本通】2026年新高考英语高三一轮总复习高效讲义（人教版）

该高中英语高考复习讲义聚焦词汇、句式、语篇写作等高考核心考点，按“词汇多维分类（核心/多义/派生）-佳句语境串记-真题语料应用”逻辑架构，通过考点梳理（如熟词生义表格对比）、方法指导（句式仿写训练）、真题演练（2023-2024高考真题例句融入）等环节，帮助学生构建完整知识网络，突破高频难点。 讲义创新采用“主题词汇场+高考真题语境”融合策略，如用“track的跑道/追踪义项对比表”结合2023新高考Ⅱ卷真题例句，培养学生语言能力与思维品质。设置“遮挡背诵-分层检测-写作模板套用”三步训练，应用文写作中用“even if从句+by doing作状语”句式模板配合“体育与健康”语义场词汇，确保学生高效提升表达准确性，为教师把控复习进度提供清晰路径。

任务(一)　词汇、句式、语篇背诵 词汇多维背诵(分类识记，各个击破) 核心单词 围绕话题：学校运动会 1．host the annual sports day 　　　　　　　　 主办年度运动会 2．compete for the championship 争夺冠军 3．prepare for the track events 为田径项目做准备 4．honor the winners with medals 用奖牌表彰获胜者 5．demonstrate determination in competition 在比赛中展现决心 6．be careful not to injure yourself 小心不要受伤 7．develop your physical strength through training 通过训练增强体力 8．pretend to be strong and confident 假装坚强和自信 多义单词 词组(一)　熟词生义与词性活用 1．event [熟义]n.大事；公开活动→[生义]n.比赛项目；体育赛事：The marathon is a significant event.马拉松是一项重要赛事。 2．slim [熟义]adj.苗条的；单薄的→[生义]adj.微小的；渺茫的： a slim chance 机会渺茫 3．positive [熟义]adj.积极的；正面的；乐观的；肯定的→[生义]adj.阳性的：a positive diagnosis 阳性诊断 4．sweat n．汗水；出汗→vt.&vi.流汗；(使)出汗[词性活用]：with his palms sweating他的手掌出汗 5．master n．高手；主人→vt.掌握；精通[词性活用]：master the art of negotiation精通谈判的艺术 词组(二)　一词多义 1．track n．跑道；足迹；铁路轨道 vt.& vi.追踪；跟踪 ①run on the track 在跑道上跑步 ②keep track of your progress 跟踪你的进展 ③track the performance of the team 跟踪团队的表现 2．captain n．(运动队)队长；船长；机长 vt.担任队长；指挥 ①be captain of the team 担任球队队长 ②The captain gave orders to the crew. 船长向船员下达命令。 ③captain the ship through rough waters 在波涛汹涌的水域指挥船只 3．host vt.主办；主持 n．主人；东道主；节目主持人；大量 ①host the annual conference 主办年度会议 ②host the talent show next week 主持下周的才艺表演 ③The host welcomed all the guests warmly. 主人热情地欢迎所有客人。 ④a host of endangered animals许多濒危动物 4．stress n．压力；紧张；重音 vt.强调；重读；使焦虑不安 vi.焦虑不安 ①relieve my stress减轻我的压力 ②stress the importance of exercise 强调锻炼的重要性 ③Don't stress yourself too much over the exam. 不要因为考试而给自己太大压力。 5．cheat n．作弊者；欺骗 vi.作弊 vt.欺骗 ①a cheat during the exam 考试中的作弊者 ②cheat on a test 在考试中作弊 ③cheat someone out of their money 欺骗某人钱财 阅读单词 1．soccer 　　　 　 n．足球；足球运动 2．gymnastics n．体操(训练) 3．boxing n．拳击(运动) 4．badminton n．羽毛球运动 5．marathon n．马拉松赛跑 6．ski adj.滑雪的 vi.滑雪 7．legend n．传奇故事(或人物)；传说 8．glory n．荣誉；光荣；赞美 9．error n．错误；差错 10．gym n．健身房；体育馆,11.athlete　　n．运动员；运动健儿 12．audience n．观众；听众 13．rather adv.相当；有点儿 14．jog vi.慢跑 n．慢跑 15．diet n．规定饮食；日常饮食 vi.节食[助记：be on a diet节食] 16．graceful adj.优美的；优雅的[词根：grace n．优雅] 17．push­up n．俯卧撑[合成词：push推＋up上] 18．apart adv.分离；分开；成碎片[助记：前缀a­＋part部分] 拓展单词 1.fit adj.　　 　 健康的 fitness n. 健康；健壮；适合 2．host vt. 主办；主持 n. 主人；东道主；节目主持人 hostess n. 女主人；女主持人 3．honour n. 荣誉；尊敬；荣幸 honourable adj. 可敬的；体面的 honoured adj. 受尊敬的 4．champion n. 冠军；优胜者 championship n. 锦标赛；冠军赛；冠军称号 5．determine vt. 决定；确定；查明 determined adj. 坚决的；有决心的 determination n. 决心；决定 6．injure vt. 使受伤；损害 injured adj. 受伤的；有伤的 ,injury n.　　　　 伤害；损伤 7．strong adj. 强壮的；坚强的 strength n. 力量；体力；强项，优势 strengthen vt. 加强；巩固 8．fail vi. 失败 failure n. 失败；失败的人(或事物) 9．compete vi. 竞争；对抗 competition n. 竞争；比赛 competitive adj. 竞争的；有竞争性的 competitor n. 竞争者 10．stress n. 压力；紧张；重音 vt. 强调；重读；使焦虑不安 vi. 焦虑不安 stressful adj. 有压力的(指物) stressed adj. 感到有压力的(指人) 重点短语 1.fall apart 破裂；破碎；崩溃 2．lose heart 丧失信心；泄气 3．rather than 而不是 4．now and then 有时；偶尔 5．give up 放弃；投降 6．pretend to do sth 假装做某事 7．work out 锻炼；计算出；解决[合成词：workout n．锻炼] 8．make it 获得成功；准时到达[搭配：make it to sp] 9.set an example 树立榜样[搭配：set an example to/for sb] 10．make sense 有道理；合乎情理；表述清楚[联想：make sense of 理解] 11．even if/though 即使；虽然[对比：as if/though好像] 12．make a difference 有作用或影响[搭配：make a difference to sb/sth] 13．compare...with/to... 与……比较 [compared to/with...常作状语] 14．come along ①跟随　②到达　③进步　④赶快 15．cut...out ①停止做(或使用、食用)　②剪下 单元佳句过关(遮挡背诵，自我检测) 1.They must be athletes who are masters in their sports and also set good examples for others.(who引导定语从句) 2．A soccer player should not pretend to fall down even if it helps his/her team.(even if 引导让步状语从句) 3．Once I started thinking about fitness rather than weight，things began to change.(once引导的时间状语从句) 4．By being positive about myself and my body，I became both happier and healthier.(by doing作状语) [遮住左栏尝试背诵] 1．他们一定是他们(各自的)运动领域的高手，而且为其他人树立了很好的榜样。 2．即使这对他/她的球队有帮助，足球运动员也不应该假装摔倒。 3．一旦我开始考虑健康而不是体重，事情就有了变化。 4．通过积极看待自我和自己的身体，我变得更快乐、更健康了。 语篇串记词汇(背美文，记单词) 　　Yao Ming is a living legend and a great athlete in my heart. Yao Ming is a person who never gives up.Though sometimes he got injured, he did not lose heart but competed for glory.He was honoured several championships and medals for his excellent performances.However, he had to leave the basketball court because of a serious injury.Rather than giving up, he devoted himself to the volunteer work and to the nation. He donated 2 million dollars to the earthquake­ stricken areas in Wenchuan. Yao Ming was loved by big fans at home and abroad, and he sets an example to tell us that even if you sometimes encounter failure, you should keep positive and you will make it sooner or later with your determination. [遮住左栏，忆加黑词汇] 在我心里，姚明是一个活着的传奇和伟大的运动员。 姚明是一个永不放弃的人。虽然有时他会受伤，但他并没有灰心，而是为了荣誉而竞争。他因出色的表现而多次被授予了冠军称号和奖章。然而，由于伤势严重，他不得不离开篮球场。他没有放弃，而是献身于志愿工作和国家。他向汶川地震受灾地区捐赠了两百万美元。 姚明受到了国内外球迷的喜爱，他以身作则告诉我们，即使有时候遭遇失败，也要保持积极的心态，只要有决心，迟早会成功。 任务(二)　背诵过关检测 Ⅰ.单词检测 (Ⅰ)英汉互译 1．athlete　　　 n．运动员；运动健儿 2．master n．高手；主人 vt.精通；掌握 3．medal n．奖章；勋章 4．pretend vi.& vt.假装；装扮 5．audience n．观众；听众 6．positive adj.积极的；正面的；乐观的；肯定的 7．diet n．规定饮食；日常饮食 vi.节食 8．jog vi.& n．慢跑 9．apart adv.分离；分开；成碎片 10．captain n．(运动队)队长；船长；机长 11．gym n．健身房；体育馆 (Ⅱ)熟词生义与一词多义 1．with his palms sweating　 他的手掌出汗 2．a slim chance 机会渺茫 3．The marathon is a significant event. 马拉松是一项重要赛事。 4．a positive diagnosis 阳性诊断 5．track the performance of the team 跟踪团队的表现 6．a host of endangered animals 许多濒危动物 7．stress the importance of exercise 强调锻炼的重要性 8．cheat on a test 在考试中作弊 (Ⅲ)写出派生或词性、词义 1．fit adj.健康的→fitness n．健康；健壮；适合 2．honour n．荣誉；尊敬；荣幸→honourable adj.可敬的；体面的→honoured adj.受尊敬的 3．determine vt.决定；确定；查明→determined adj.坚决的；有决心的→determination n．决心；决定 4．injure vt.使受伤；损害→injured adj.受伤的；有伤的→injury n．伤害；损伤 5．strong adj.强壮的；坚强的→strength n．力量；体力；强项，优势→strengthen vt.加强；巩固 6．fail vi.失败→failure n．失败；失败的人(或事物) 7．compete vi.竞争；对抗→competition n．竞争；比赛→competitive adj.竞争的；有竞争性的→competitor n．竞争者 8．stress n．压力；紧张；重音 vt.强调；重读；使焦虑不安 vi.焦虑不安→stressful adj.有压力的(指物)→stressed adj.感到有压力的(指人) Ⅱ.短语英汉互译 1．lose heart 　 　　 丧失信心；泄气 2．give up 放弃；投降 3．set an example 树立榜样 4．compare...with/to... 与……比较 5．fall apart 破裂；破碎；崩溃 6．rather than 而不是 7．work out 锻炼；计算出；解决 8．make it 获得成功；准时到达 9．make sense 有道理；合乎情理；表述清楚 10．make a difference 有作用或影响 11．come along ①跟随　②到达　③进步　④赶快 12．cut...out ①停止做(或使用、食用)　②剪下 Ⅲ.佳句默写(温馨提示：用衡水体认真书写) 1．足球运动员不应该假装摔倒，即使这对他/她的球队有帮助。(even if引导的让步状语从句) A soccer player should not pretend to fall down even if it helps his/her team. 2．一旦我开始考虑健康而不是体重，事情就有了变化。(once引导的时间状语从句) Once I started thinking about fitness rather than weight，things began to change. 3．通过积极看待自我和自己的身体，我变得更快乐、更健康了。(by doing作状语) By being positive about myself and my body，I became both happier and healthier. Part 1　核心词句——学表达 honour n．荣誉；尊敬；荣幸 v．尊敬；给予表扬→honourable adj.可敬的； 体面的→honoured adj.受尊敬的 【高考真题】　(2024·全国甲卷应用文写作)I feel it an honour to recommend jump rope because it helps improve coordination and endurance.我很荣幸能推荐跳绳，因为它有助于提高协调性和耐力。 ◎It's an honour for sb to do sth 对某人来说做某事很荣幸 ◎feel it an honour to do sth 为做某事感到荣幸 ◎in honour of... 向……表示敬意；为纪念…… ◎be/feel honoured to do sth 做某事感到荣幸 【写作语料】　 ◎feel honoured to receive the award 因获奖而感到荣幸 ◎honour their outstanding achievements 表彰他们的杰出成就 ◎be honoured as the best teacher 荣获最佳教师的称号 ◎an honourable act of kindness 一种可敬的善举 【语境运用】　完成句子/一句多译 ①为了纪念地球日，我们种植了树木并打扫了当地的一所公园。 In honour of Earth Day, we planted trees and cleaned up the local park. ②能有宝贵的机会在这里发表演讲，我感到非常荣幸。[演讲稿] →It is a great honour for me to have the precious opportunity to deliver a speech here.(honour) →I feel it a great honour to have the precious opportunity to deliver a speech here.(honour，it作形式宾语) →I am/feel greatly honoured to have the precious opportunity to deliver a speech here.(honoured) determination n．决心；决定→determine v．测定；决定；确定；决心→determined adj.坚决的；有决心的 【高考真题】　(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷应用文写作) We determined to express our feelings through art, so I decided to paint the sunset over the horizon.我们决定通过艺术来表达我们的情感，因此我决定在地平线上画上日落。 ◎determine on/upon (doing) sth 决定(做)某事 ◎determine to do sth 决心做某事(表动作) ◎be determined to do sth 决心做某事(表状态) 【写作语料】　 ◎be determined to put all my heart into baseball 决定全身心投入棒球 ◎face difficulties with determination 坚定地面对困难 ◎determine upon a plan to enhance community engagement决定采取一个计划来扩大社区参与 【语境运用】　完成句子 ①(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)完成我的绘画后，我有一种深深的满足感，决心在我未来的作品中探索不同的风格。 After completing my painting, I felt a deep sense of satisfaction and was determined to explore different styles in my future works． ②(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)受到我的话的激励，大卫决心成为一个意志坚强的人。他非常坚定地跑到了起跑线上。看着他那坚定的表情，我被他内心的勇气感动了。Inspired by my words，David was determined to be a strong­willed person．With great determination，he ran to the starting line.Looking at his determined face，I was touched by his inner courage. injure vt.使受伤；损害→injured adj.受伤的；有伤的→injury n．伤害；损伤 【高考真题】　(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷读后续写)Gunter told me about his adventures and how he had once done an injury to himself while rock climbing.冈特告诉了我他的冒险经历，以及他曾经是如何在攀岩时让自己受伤的。 ◎be/get seriously/slightly injured 受重伤/轻伤 ◎the injured 受伤人员；伤员 ◎do sb an injury＝do an injury to sb 伤害某人 【写作语料】　 ◎injure himself while lifting the heavy object 搬重物时伤到自己 ◎rescue the injured 营救受伤人员 ◎suffer a serious injury 受了重伤 ◎withdraw from the competition because of her leg injury 因腿伤退出比赛 【语境运用】　单句填空/完成句子 ①During the match, he got seriously injured (injure)when he collided with another player, leaving him unable to continue. ②He never intended to do her an injury (injure), but his careless words deeply hurt her feelings. ③营救队像箭一样冲往现场，给伤者实施急救，然后急忙把他们送往最近的医院。[比喻＋动作链] The rescue team dashed to the spot like arrows，offered first aid to the injured and then rushed them to the nearest hospital. strength n．力量；体力；强项；优势(＝advantage)；实力→strong adj.强壮的→strengthen v．增强 【高考真题】　(2024·全国甲卷应用文写作)One of its greatest strengths is that it helps build up our strength and improve our fitness.它最大的优势之一是，它有助于增强体质和提升我们的健康水平。 ◎strengths and weaknesses 　优点和缺点 ◎build up one's strength 强身健体 【写作语料】　 ◎with all his strength 用尽他的全力 ◎strengthen cultural exchanges加强文化交流 ◎strengthen their willpower增强他们的意志力 ◎strengthen the friendship between our two schools增强我们两校之间的友谊 【语用点拨】　当strength表示力量、体力、精神力量等抽象概念时，为不可数名词；当表示具体的优势、长处时为可数名词。 【语境运用】　完成句子 ①这名运动员用尽全力跑完最后一圈，努力打破个人纪录。 The athlete ran the last lap with all his strength, striving to break his personal record. ②在任何团队中，识别每个成员的优点和缺点可以促进更好的合作。 In any team, recognizing the strengths and weaknesses of each member can lead to better collaboration. ③定期锻炼对增强体质和改善整体健康至关重要。 Regular exercise is crucial to building up one's strength and improving overall health. compete vi.竞争；对抗→competition n．竞争；比赛→competitive adj.竞争的； 有竞争性的→competitor n．竞争者 【高考真题】　(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷读后续写)I felt proud not just for winning, but for having the courage to compete in something I once thought I would fail at.我不仅因为获胜而感到自豪，更因为有勇气参加曾经认为自己会失败的比赛而感到骄傲。 ◎compete in 参加……的比赛；在……方面竞争 ◎compete for 为……而竞争 ◎compete with/against 和……竞争 【写作语料】　 ◎compete with/against each other for the gold medal互相争夺金牌 ◎compete with other talented individuals 与其他有才华的人竞争 ◎hold a lantern riddle competition 举办灯谜比赛 【语境运用】　完成句子 ①汽车制造商相互竞争，开发先进的技术，吸引有环保意识的消费者。 Automakers compet with/agains each other to develop advanced technologies and attract environmentally conscious consumers. ②上周，我参加了我们学校的运动会，参与了400米比赛——一次激动人心和难忘的经历。 Last week, I participated in our school sports meet, competing in the 400­meter race—a thrilling and unforgettable experience. pretend vt.& vi.假装；装扮 【高考真题】　(2024·浙江1月卷读后续写)She decided that she would memorize where her classes were and then pretend that the rest of the place didn't exist.她决定记住教室的位置，然后假装其他地方都不存在。 pretend＋ 【写作语料】　 ◎pretend to be doing her homework 假装在做她的家庭作业 ◎not pretend to know what you don't know 不要不懂装懂 【语境运用】　单句填空/完成句子 ①Magic is a form of entertainment that is based on pretending to do (do) things that are impossible. ②To ease my embarrassment，I pretended to be reading (read) when my mother entered. ③I pretended to have finished (finish) all my homework when asked by my parents. ④因为她仍然生着他的气，所以她背对着他，假装在翻阅杂志。[动作链] Since she was still mad at him, she turned her back to him, pretending to turn the pages of that magazine． give up 放弃；投降 【高考真题】　(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷读后续写)When I was about to give up, Gunter fished out his phone and rang up a friend.当我几乎要放弃时，冈特掏出他的手机，给朋友打了电话。[手部动作描写] ◎give in to　 　 屈服，投降 ◎give out 分发；用光； 精疲力竭 ◎give away 赠送；泄露 ◎give off 发出，放出(气味、光、热等) ◎give way to 给……让路 ◎give sb a hand 帮某人一个忙 【写作语料】　 ◎give away any private information 泄露任何私人信息 ◎rely on him to give me a hand 依靠他来帮助我 ◎give up our dreams 放弃我们的梦想 ◎give up the chance to go abroad放弃了出国的机会 【语境运用】　根据语境用give短语完成短文 In life, we often face challenges that tempt us to ①give up．However, true strength lies in our ability not to ②give in to difficulties.For instance, during a community event, many people choose to ③give away their old clothes, helping others while clearing their homes.Nature, too, has its wonders; flowers ④give off delightful scents that attract bees.In our daily interactions, we should ⑤give way to others' needs and always be ready to ⑥give them a hand when they require support.Together, we can create a caring community. make sense 有道理；合乎情理；表述清楚 【高考真题】　(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷读后续写)In no sense did I expect to form such a friendship from that chaotic evening, but it made perfect sense to me now.我从来没有想过从那个混乱的夜晚建立这样的友谊，但现在对我来说完全有意义了。[主旨升华] ◎make sense of 理解；明白 ◎make no sense 没道理；没意义 ◎in a sense 就某种意义来说 ◎in no sense 决不(位于句首时用部分倒装) ◎there is no/little sense in doing sth 做某事没道理 【写作语料】　 ◎make sense of what my teacher said 听懂老师说的话 ◎make sense of the complex situation before him 弄清他眼前复杂的情况 ◎make no sense to me 对我来说毫无意义 【语境运用】　完成语段 在生活中，我们经常遇到挑战我们理解能力的情况。有时候，很难理解我们周围的混乱。然而，就某种意义来说，这些挑战可以带来个人的成长，增强意志力。重要的是要记住，如果我们真的想要实现我们的目标，那么放弃就没有任何意义了。我们决不应该低估坚持的力量。 In life, we often encounter situations that challenge our understanding ability.Sometimes, it can be difficult ①to make sense of the chaos around us.However, ②in a sense, these challenges can lead to personal growth and resilience.It's important to remember that giving up ③makes no sense if we truly desire to achieve our goals.④In no sense should we underestimate the power of perseverance. 句式：Sb/Sth seems/seemed＋不定式 【教材原句】　In the final seconds of a game，Jordan always seemed to find a way to win.在一场比赛的最后几秒，乔丹似乎总能找到获胜的方法。 ◎seem to do sth 似乎/好像要做某事　 　　　 　 ◎seem to be doing sth 似乎/好像正在做某事 ◎seem to have done sth 似乎/好像已经做了某事 ◎It seems (to sb) that...(在某人看来)似乎…… ◎There seems to be 似乎有；好像有 【写作佳句】　 ①She seems to have a natural talent for painting, effortlessly creating beautiful artworks. 她似乎有一种天生的绘画才能，轻松地创作出美丽的艺术作品。 ②It seems to me that the best way to learn is through experience and practice. 在我看来，学习的最佳方式是通过经验和实践。 ③There seems to be a growing interest in eco­friendly lifestyles among young people today. 似乎当今年轻人对环保生活方式的兴趣日益增长。 【仿写借鉴】　完成句子/一句多译 ①孩子们似乎在公园里玩得很开心，欢笑着一起玩耍。 The children seemed to be having a great time at the park, laughing and playing together. ②他似乎已经掌握了钢琴，轻松演奏复杂的曲子。 →He seems to have mastered the piano, playing complex pieces with ease. →It seems that he has mastered the piano, playing complex pieces with ease. Part 2　阅读词汇——善辨义 1．track A.vt.跟踪；追踪　B．n.小路，小径　C．n.跑道D．n.足迹；轨迹 ①(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷)And in contrast to our increasingly networked lives where the information we consume is monitored and tracked. A ②(2022·全国乙卷)Being an athlete is very fun，painful and exciting.Every time I come to the track，I feel like I'm out of this place. C ③The only means of access to the building is along a muddy track. B ④We saw wild animals' tracks near the cave.We guessed they may be deer's. D 2．stress A.n.紧张，精神压力　B．n.物理压力　C．vt.强调D．vt.重读　E．v.使疲惫不堪 ①The words with important information are normally stressed. D ②As a new driver，driving in such a busy street really stresses me out. E ③(2021·新高考Ⅱ卷)What should be stressed in school education according to Schama？ C ④(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)But the sport's strange form does place considerable stress on the ankles and hips. B ⑤(2023·全国乙卷)But studies have shown that they can promote people's well­being by improving their mood，reducing stress and helping their memory. A 3．master A.vt.精通；掌握　B．vt.控制　C．n.能手，大师D．n.硕士　E．n.主人；主宰者 ①However annoyed you are，you must learn to master your emotion. B ②Each time its master got back home，the dog would wag its tail excitedly. E ③(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)Inspired by the Impressionist masters, I decided to draw a watercolor painting featuring the iconic lake. C ④(2021·北京卷)You are studying in a graduate program for a master's degree. D ⑤(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)That is the only French phrase I mastered，and it's a shame I don't have much use for it. A 4．work out ①(2022·全国甲卷)The next step，according to the researchers，is to try and work out whether the cockatoos rely entirely on visual clues. D ②You have to work out a plan as quickly as possible. B ③What's more, the more you work out, the healthier you will become. A ④(2020·新高考Ⅰ卷)Although it was a hard time and things were tight for everybody, Bernard's business worked out quite well. C 巧借前缀a­推测词义 表示加强 wait vi.& vt.等待→await vt.等待 含有in, on, at, by, with, to, of等意义 ①board n．板，木板→aboard adv.& prep.在(船、飞机、火车)上；上(船、飞机、火车) ②side n．一边→aside adv.到旁边，在旁边 [本单元]apart adv.分离，分开，成碎片 1.He was rescued only when an exhausted friend swam ashore.adv.向(或在)岸上，上岸 2．After the floods，the whole town was awash.adj.被淹没的，被水浸漫的 3．After the surgery, the patient was advised to stay abed for a few days.adv.在床上 4．We always have enough time, if we just use it aright.adv.正确地 5．On the day of the show, people came from afar to watch.adv.遥远 (一)核心词句专练——单句语法填空 1．(2024·浙江1月卷)Then she concentrated on jogging (jog) to the spot where the track curved. 2．Living in a small city，I took several odd jobs，determined (determine) to do everything in my power to support her. 3．Jane's energy had given out．Her feet felt as heavy as lead and she slumped beside a tree，weeping without control. 4．We devoted twice as much time and energy as we did before, so I believe we will make it． 5．The secret to his success is dealing with disappointment and failure with a positive attitude. 6．Compared (compare) with those who are always complaining, people with a positive attitude towards life live longer. 7．The architect got injured (injure) when hiking to the castle through a narrow path. 8．The competition (compete) was extremely fierce and at last we won the match narrowly by 74 vs 72. 9．It is requested that we should cut down the intake of fat and sugar to regain fitness. 10．Failure (fail) is recognised as the mother of success，so as long as we don't lose heart，we will succeed. (二)阅读词汇猜词——熟词生义、派生 1．(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)Giant pandas also serve as an umbrella species，bringing protection to a host of plants and animals in the southwestern and northwestern parts of China.n.许多；大量 2．(2021·全国乙卷)All these stadiums are still functional, still open and still hosting the biggest events in world sport.n.体育赛事 3．Even if the architect worked hard，he still had a slim chance of winning the competition.adj.微小的；渺茫的 4．The athlete has tested positive for doping at the ongoing sporting event.adj.阳性的 5．Her membership in the book club has allowed her to meet many like­minded individuals. ◎member (成员)＋­ship(表示某种状态)→membership n．会员资格 6．In testing materials, hardness is often measured using a scale that indicates their resistance to scratching. ◎hard (硬度)＋­ness(……的性质)→hardness n．硬度 (一)应用文写作[短文投稿——介绍新体育馆] 假定你是李华，请写一篇短文向报社投稿，介绍你的学校体育运动开展情况。内容包括： 1．目前情况；2.今后展望。 选用本单元所学知识和右栏词块翻译句子 第一段：具体介绍学校体育运动目前开展情况以及今后展望 1．我们学校有1 000多名学生，他们渴望参加像打羽毛球这样的户外活动。(定语从句) There are more than 1，000 students who desire to join in outdoor activities like playing badminton in our school. 2．在过去，即使我们想做运动，由于缺乏合适的体育设施，我们只能待在室内。(even if引导让步状语从句) In the past，even if we wanted to do sports，we had to stay indoors for lack of proper sports facilities. 3．一旦我们学校建成了新的体育馆，我们就能做各种各样的运动了。 Once our school has built a new gym，we can play various kinds of sports. 4．很多学生会去体育馆锻炼，而不是待在室内打游戏。 Instead of staying indoors playing games，many students will go to the gym to work out. 5．通过这样做，我们不但增强了体力，而且成功保持身材苗条。(by doing作状语) By doing so，not only do we build up our strength but also we keep slim successfully. 第二段：最后点出自己的感受 6．与过去相比，我们现在过着幸福健康的生活。 Compared with the past，we are living a happy and healthy life. [构建语义场——体育与健康] 1．运动准备 ①set fitness goals 制定健身目标 ②create a workout plan 制定锻炼计划 ③warm up before exercise 运动前热身 ④join a fitness class 参加健身课程 ⑤schedule regular workouts 安排定期锻炼 2．运动方式 ⑥practice yoga 练习瑜伽 ⑦join in outdoor activities 参加户外活动 ⑧cycle for fitness 骑自行车健身 ⑨engage in martial arts 练习武术 participate in dance classes 参加舞蹈课程 3．运动体验 ⑪feel energized 感到充满活力 ⑫improve physical endurance 提高身体耐力 ⑬enhance flexibility 增强柔韧性 ⑭build muscle strength 增强肌肉力量 ⑮enjoy outdoor activities 享受户外活动 ⑯connect with nature 与自然接触 ⑰experience team spirit 体验团队精神 4．运动与健康的意义 ⑱relieve stress 缓解压力 ⑲boost self­confidence 提升自信心 ⑳build up one's strength增强自己的力量 live a happy and healthy life 过着幸福健康的生活 cultivate discipline 培养自律 advocate for active lifestyles 倡导积极的生活方式 (二)读后续写[体育运动话题＋走、跑、跳动作描写] Ⅰ.教材语料背诵 词汇 [体育运动]　event；gym；sweat；work out；championship；track and field；marathon [体育精神]　honour；make it；master；set an example；compete；determination n．→ determine v．→ determined adj.；fall apart；lose heart；give up 佳句 1.Losing two important players was a big challenge，but Lang Ping did not lose heart.(情感描写) 2．As a player，Lang Ping brought honour and glory to her country.As a coach，she led the China women's volleyball team to medals at world championships and the Olympics.As a person，Lang Ping is loved by fans at home and abroad.(排比) 3．When Michael Jordan's feet left the ground，time seemed to stand still.(夸张) Ⅱ.拓展语料积累 词汇 rush/dash/charge冲；猛冲；skip蹦蹦跳跳地走；stumble跌跌撞撞地走；tiptoe轻手轻脚地走；pace踱步；drag拖着脚走；slip溜；slide into/out of溜进/出……；wander around在……闲逛；pace up and down来回踱步；stroll/wander aimlessly through the streets在街上漫无目的地闲逛；jump with joy/delight/excitement 高兴地跳了起来；jump to one's feet 跳起来；struggle to one's feet吃力地站起来；dash to the finish line 冲向终点线 佳句 [with复合结构与独立主格] 1．He struggled to run towards the finish line, with both legs trembling. 他挣扎着跑向终点线，双腿都在发抖。 2．He dashed down the track, his heart racing with excitement. 他在跑道上飞奔，心中充满了兴奋。 3．The children jumped with joy, their laughter echoing in the air. 孩子们高兴地跳跃，笑声在空中回荡。 4．He dashed to catch the bus, his bag bouncing wildly behind him. 他冲去赶公交，背包在身后剧烈晃动。 5．He ran with all his might, the finish line drawing closer with each stride. 他全力奔跑，终点线在每一步中越来越近。 Ⅲ.语料综合运用(用上述语料完成续写) [前情提示]　越野跑那天，来自小镇周边的七所小学的学生们正在热身，身体残疾的David独自待在篱笆旁。原来教练担心其他学校的孩子会嘲笑他，就让他选择是否参加，他选择放弃比赛。他虽患有脑疾，但是他的同学将他视为正常的孩子。无论同学们做什么，他总是尽自己最大的能力参与其中。 [续写构思]　大卫走向起跑线→犹豫→决定奔跑→感到兴奋→大卫证明他可以克服障碍 　　我看着大卫和其他选手一起走向起跑线。他似乎犹豫了一会儿，但随后他深吸了一口气，挣扎着站了起来。我可以看到他冲向终点线，他的小腿在努力奔跑。随着他迈出的每一个步伐，他的信心都在增加。当他全速奔跑时，我感到一阵兴奋。大卫不只是在奔跑；他向所有人，包括他自己证明，他可以克服任何障碍。 　　I watched as David moved up to the starting line with the other runners.He ①seemed to hesitate for a moment, but then he took a deep breath and ②struggled to his feet．I could see him ③dash to the finish line, ④his small legs working hard (独立主格结构).With each stride, he seemed to gain confidence.As he ⑤ran at full speed, I felt a wave of excitement.David ⑥was not just running; he was proving to everyone, including himself, that he could overcome any obstacles. (时间：30分钟　满分：35分) Ⅰ.阅读理解(共8小题，每小题2.5分，共20分) A (2025·豫西北教研联盟第一次质量检测)Training was cruel, as Penny Lee Dean prepared for what would be a record­setting swim—regardless of sex—across the English Channel in 1978.“Your hands cramp (痉挛)，and your legs cramp，” she remembers. While the cold was bone­chilling, overcoming it has been essential to her success as a record­breaking swimmer.An ability to tolerate extreme cold is one of the advantages that women may have in this sport, as their distribution of fat is helpful for regulating body temperature in cold water. Dean believes that any upper hand women might have in open­water swimming over long distances is more about mental adaptation and the ability to bear discomfort than about insulation(隔绝).In ultradistance events, the ability to handle more factors, from weather to pain, becomes particularly important. In fact, women can outperform or perform similarly to men in a range of competitive events.From ultrarunning to shooting sports, in some competitions women have the edge．Cassio Rippel, the ISSF Athletes Committee Chair, says that while men's muscles tend to give them more staying power, women's lower body mass and lower centre of gravity, on average, allow them better balance control.The rifle(步枪)events are the most sex­balanced of the three types of shooting events in the Olympics, according to Rippel. The century­long history of the Olympics is also a history of the growth of female empowerment.An increasing number of female athletes have broken gender barriers, achieving remarkable success in traditionally male­dominated sports.The Paris Olympics are the first Olympics to have equal numbers of female and male athletes.This is also an opportunity to think carefully about what gaps in inclusion still remain. While much of the science of sex and performance may be unsettled, one thing that's very clear is that more research needs to involve women.The path toward greater inclusion has not been straight, and more questions than answers remain about the role of sex in athletic performance. [语篇解读]本文是说明文。文章介绍了女性在一些竞技运动如长距离游泳和射击中可能具备的优势，包括耐寒能力和心理适应能力。 1．What challenge did Dean face when breaking the record? A．The long distance. B．The low temperature. C．The extra body fat. D．The intense training. B　[细节理解题。根据第一段“Training was cruel, as Penny Lee Dean prepared for...she remembers”可知，1978年Penny Lee Dean准备横渡英吉利海峡，这将是一项打破纪录的游泳活动，她的训练非常残酷。手会抽筋，腿也会抽筋。再根据第二段的“While the cold was bone­chilling...as a record­breaking swimmer”可知，克服寒冷是她成功打破纪录的关键。由此可知，Dean在打破纪录时面临的挑战是低温。故选B项。] 2．What advantages may women have in long and open­water swimming? A．Strong awareness about keeping warm. B．Superior flexibility to tough situations. C．Inborn talent for long distance swimming. D．Absolute concentration on swimming path. B　[细节理解题。根据第三段“Dean believes that any upper hand women might have...the ability to handle more factors, from weather to pain, becomes particularly important”可知，Dean认为，女性在开放水域长距离游泳中的优势更多的是心理适应能力和承受不适的能力，这表明女性在应对困难情况方面具有更强的灵活性。故选B项。] 3．What does the underlined phrase “have the edge” in Paragraph 4 mean? A．Appear weaker. B．Seem conservative. C．Take the lead. D．Show less pressure. C　[词句猜测题。根据第四段的“women can outperform or perform similarly to men in a range of competitive events”可知，在一系列竞技项目中，女性的表现可以超过男性，或者与男性表现相似。再根据画线词下文的“while men's muscles...women's lower body mass and lower centre of gravity, on average, allow them better balance control...in the Olympics”可知，男性的肌肉往往能给他们带来更大的耐力，而女性体重较轻和重心较低能让她们更好地控制平衡。步枪项目是奥运会三种射击项目中性别最平衡的项目。由此可知，从超跑到射击比赛，女性往往能够更胜一筹。因此画线短语应意为“更胜一筹”，take the lead 与其意思相近。故选C项。] 4．What does the text mainly talk about? A．Women's potential in sports. B．Sports suitable for women. C．Views on gender and sports. D．Females in the Olympics. A　[主旨大意题。文章主要讨论了在一些竞技体育项目中女性相对于男性更具优势。A项“女性在体育方面的潜力”；B项“适合女性的运动”；C项“对性别和体育的看法”；D项“奥运会中的女性”。A项最能概括文章大意。] B (2025·武汉市部分学校高三年级调研考试)Olympic athletes pour everything into training for the Games, routinely pushing their physical and mental bounds to the limit—and beyond—for a shot at a gold medal.Yet they are often accompanied by an emotional comedown. Emotions are heightened by the nature of the event itself.The Olympics are a massive cultural event—a combination of global public attention, financial investment and media coverage.New international celebrities are created, and some competitors' reputations are ruined during various accusations.Athletes are under the pressure of representing their country and winning medals in front of worldwide audience.“But then all of that publicity and intensity around being an Olympian falls off very quickly，” says Cogan, a lead sports psychologist.It's more about making a map of how to get to a destination.Once you get there, it's like, “Now what？” A 2023 paper explained the identity crises athletes face as a result of overfocus on performance leaving their non­sporting personalities underdeveloped．In a 2018 paper, Howells wrote that athletes with a greater “myopic” focus are more at risk of the “blues”．“It is common for top competitors to have this very high athletic identity，” says Howells.“They've sacrificed (牺牲) every other aspect of their identity for the purpose of being an Olympian.They seem unable to realize that their actions might have negative consequences in the future.” Efforts to minimize this mindset have helped some athletes to open up more about their mental health.Experts advise Olympians to start conversations about mental health well before the Games begin.Olympians should also discuss mental health monitoring strategies before, during and after the Games.Athletes and experts say the sporting industry has, in the last decade, been promoting better work­life balance outside of the game.Briana, a soccer goalkeeper, says that her team and coaches actively encourage spending quality time with families and significant others, as well as finding hobbies that feel joyful and rewarding. [语篇解读]本文是说明文。主要介绍了奥运会运动员在高强度的训练和比赛后，往往会经历情绪上的低谷。专家建议奥运会运动员在比赛开始前就进行有关心理健康的交谈，并在比赛前后制订心理健康监测策略。 5．What is the main cause for Olympic athletes' mental breakdown? A．A sense of loss. B．The pressure of competition. C．The media coverage. D．The audience's attention. A　[细节理解题。根据第二段“‘But then all of that publicity and intensity around being an Olympian falls off very quickly，’ says Cogan...Once you get there, it's like, ‘Now what？’”可知，首席运动心理学家Cogan认为，随后(比赛后)，作为一个奥运选手所受到的所有关注和压力很快就会消失。这更像是制作一张如何到达目的地的地图。一旦你到达那里，就会想，“那接下来呢？”，所以比赛前后出现了很大的心理落差，故选A。A项中的loss与原文中的“falls off”是同义转换。] 6.What does the underlined word “myopic” in Paragraph 3 mean? A．Ridiculous. B．Short­sighted. C．All­around. D．Unexpected. B　[词句猜测题。根据第三段首句“A 2023 paper explained the identity crises athletes face as a result of overfocus on performance leaving their non­sporting personalities underdeveloped”可知，一篇2023年的报告对由于过度关注运动表现而阻碍运动员非体育人格完善发展所造成的身份危机作出了解释。画线词所在句表明，Howells在2018年的报告中指出，那些更“myopic”地专注于运动的运动员更容易感到沮丧。因此，画线词“myopic”应与过度专注于某个方面(即“短视”)相关。故选B。short­sighted“目光短浅的，无远见的”。] 7．What might be a fundamental solution to the athletes' identity crisis? A．Having higher athletic identity. B．Discussing their problems publicly. C．Developing a sense of identity outside the sport. D．Making greater achievements in sporting industry. C　[推理判断题。根据第三段中的“A 2023 paper explained the identity crises athletes face as a result of overfocus on performance leaving their non­sporting personalities underdeveloped”可知，运动员的身份危机是由于过度专注于运动表现而导致他们的非体育人格发展不足。因此，根本的解决方案应是发展运动之外的身份认同。第四段提到的“promoting better work­life balance outside of the game”也暗示了选项C，即在运动之外发展自我认同感。] 8．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．From Bad to Worse: Athletes' Well­being B．Olympic Athletes Suffering from Stress C．Athletes Adapting to Post­Olympic Period D．From Hero to Zero: the Post­Olympic Blues D　[主旨大意题。文章重点讨论了奥运会运动员在赛后面临的情绪低落和身份危机问题，并提供了应对策略。D项“从英雄到无名小卒：后奥运忧郁症”不仅提到了文章关注的问题“Post­Olympic Blues”，还概括了从“英雄到无名小卒”这一主要原因，与文章内容高度契合，因此作本文标题最佳。] Ⅱ.完形填空(共15小题，每小题1分，共15分) A spinal injury dashed Adriana Ruano's hopes of competing in the Olympics as a gymnast.However，she found a 1 path to glory in shooting， 2 Guatemala's first­ever gold medal on Wednesday. At the gym Ruano was 3 the 2011 World Championships in 4 ，a decisive qualifier for the London Olympics，when she began experiencing severe back pain.Scans (扫描检查) 5 six damaged vertebrae (椎骨)，an injury that ended her gymnastics 6 at just 16.She spent a year 7 ，wearing a back support. Her doctor suggested she try shooting if she wanted to stay involved in 8 without worsening her injury. “When I had my injury，I didn't have anything.I started to get 9 and discouraged.Then the door opened for me with this sport，”Ruano said. More than a decade after 10 from gymnastics to shooting，Ruano's perseverance paid off.On Wednesday，she won the women's trap event with an Olympic­record score of 45 out of 50.Ruano 11 her victory with a deep breath and a(n) 12 shot to hit her 43rd target，ensuring that Italian silver medalist Silvana Stanco couldn't surpass (超越) her. Adriana Ruano 13 history for Guatemala！The shooter is the first gold medalist and the first female medalist for her country.Her journey to Paris 2024 glory is a(n) 14 one，including a completely different sport and an eye­opening experience as a 15 ．Ruano's journey back to elite sports began with a volunteer activity at the 2016 Olympics in Rio de Janeriro. [语篇解读]本文是新闻报道。椎骨受伤让危地马拉运动员Adriana Ruano的体操梦化为泡影，但她在射击运动中找到了一条通往荣耀的新途径，并在2024年巴黎奥运会中斩获金牌。 1． A．smooth B．narrow C．new D．traditional C　[根据上文的“as a gymnast”和下文的“in shooting”可知，曾经是体操运动员的Adriana Ruano在射击中找到了一条通往荣耀的新(new)途径。smooth“顺利的，无困难的”；narrow“狭窄的”；traditional“传统的”。] 2． A．winning B．expecting C．seeing D．telling A　[根据第五段的“On Wednesday，she won the women's trap event”可知，周三，Ruano赢得了危地马拉的第一枚金牌。] 3． A．waiting for B．preparing for C．talking about D．worrying about B　[根据上文的“At the gym”和空后的“the 2011 World Championships”可知，体育馆中，Ruano正在为2011年世界锦标赛做准备，故选B(prepare for“为……做准备”)。wait for“等候”；talk about“谈论”；worry about“担心”。] 4． A．shooting B．gymnastics C．swimming D．tennis B　[根据下文的“an injury that ended her gymnastics”可知，那时的Ruano还是一名体操运动员，所以她要参加的是体操(gymnastics)比赛。] 5． A．produced B．cured C．broke D．showed D　[此处表示扫描检查显示(showed)有六块椎骨受损。cure“治愈，治好”。] 6． A．career B．class C．application D．call A　[根据下一段中的“Her doctor suggested she try shooting”可知，椎骨受损结束了Ruano的体操生涯(career)。application“申请”。] 7． A．training B．thinking C．recovering D．writing C　[上文讲Ruano椎骨受伤，再结合下文的“wearing a back support”可知，她穿戴护背进行康复(recovering)。] 8． A．literature B．medicine C．arts D．sports D　[gymnastics和shooting都属于运动，此处表示如果她想要在不加重伤势的情况下继续参加运动(sports)，Ruano的医生建议她尝试射击。literature“文学”。] 9． A．desperate B．nervous C．happy D．curious A　[根据上文的“When I had my injury，I didn't have anything”和空后的“and discouraged”可知，空处的词在感情色彩上与discouraged一致，故此处表示椎骨受伤让Ruano感到绝望(desperate)和沮丧。] 10．A．teaching B．changing C．copying D．failing B　[根据第一段的“A spinal injury dashed Adriana Ruano's hopes of competing in the Olympics as a gymnast...shooting”可知，Ruano由体操转向了射击，故选B项。] 11．A．lost B．imagined C．achieved D．celebrated C　[根据上文的“she won the women's trap event”并结合语境可知，Ruano深吸一口气，精准地击中了她的第43个靶子，取得(achieved)了胜利。imagine“想象，设想”；celebrate“庆祝，庆贺”。] 12．A．long B．exact C．possible D．close B　[参见上题解析。exact“精确的，准确的”。] 13．A．illustrates B．studies C．records D．makes D　[根据第一段的“Guatemala's first­ever gold medal”和下文的“The shooter is the first gold medalist and the first female medalist for her country”可知，Ruano为危地马拉创造了历史。make history“创造历史”，是固定短语，故选D项。illustrate“说明，解释”；record“记录”。] 14．A．incredible B．pleasant C．fruitless D．predictable A　[上文描述了Ruano因椎骨受伤由体操转向射击，并在奥运会中获得金牌的传奇故事。再结合空后的“including a completely different sport and an eye­opening experience”可知，她的2024年巴黎荣耀之旅是一场不可思议的(incredible)旅程。pleasant“令人愉快的”；fruitless“无成效的，无结果的”；predictable“可预见的”。] 15．A．doctor B．coach C．medalist D．volunteer D　[根据空后的“Ruano's journey back to elite sports began with a volunteer activity...Rio de Janeiro”可知，2026年里约热内卢奥运会志愿者活动的经历让Ruano大开眼界，故选D项。] 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $