选择性必修第二册 UNIT3 FOOD AND CULTURE（教师用书Word）-【正禾一本通】2026年新高考英语高三一轮总复习高效讲义（人教版）

该高中英语高考复习讲义围绕饮食文化话题，整合核心词汇（多维分类）、重点句型（如形容词作状语、倍数表达）、语篇应用等高考核心考点，按“词汇-句式-语篇-写作”逻辑架构，通过考点梳理（分类背诵）、方法指导（熟词生义、真题应用）、分层训练（单词检测、短语互译、佳句默写）等环节，帮助学生构建知识网络，突破复习难点。 讲义采用“话题驱动+素养融合”策略，如词汇通过语境串记（饮食文化语篇）强化记忆，写作设计“介绍中国传统美食”发言稿，渗透文化意识；结合2024高考真题讲解associate、consist of等词句用法，培养语言能力。设置遮挡背诵、真题仿写等活动，确保高效复习，为教师精准把控进度、提升学生应考能力提供有力支持。

任务(一)　词汇、句式、语篇背诵 词汇多维背诵(分类识记，各个击破) 核心单词 围绕话题：饮食文化 1．practice moderation when indulging in rich foods 　　享用美食时要适度 2．recognize the fundamental role of food in culture 认识到食物在文化中的基本作用 3．comment on the overall dining experience in reviews 在评论中评论整体用餐体验 4．contact local food associations for recommendations 联系当地美食协会寻求推荐 5．explore different categories of cuisine in the area 探索该地区不同类别的美食 6．recognize the ideal balance of flavors in dishes 认识到菜肴中理想的味道平衡 7．Somewhat adventurous eaters can try unique ingredients. 稍微喜欢冒险的食客可以尝试独特的食材。 多义单词 词组(一)　熟词生义与词性活用 1．recipe [熟义]n.烹饪法；食谱→[生义]n.秘诀：the recipe for success 成功的秘诀 2．ingredient [熟义]n.(尤指烹饪)材料；成分→[生义]n.(构成)要素；因素：Trust is an essential ingredient in any relationship.信任是所有关系中必不可少的因素。 3．exceptional [熟义]adj.特别的；罕见的→[生义]adj.杰出的，非凡的：an exceptional talent 非凡的才能 4．slice n．(切下的食物)薄片→vt.把……切成薄片[词性活用]：slice the bread into thin pieces 把面包切成薄片 词组(二)　一词多义 1．trick n．计谋，花招；恶作剧；把戏；窍门，诀窍 v．欺骗，哄骗；戏弄 ①play a trick on someone 捉弄某人 ②a magician's trick 魔术师的把戏 ③learn the tricks of the trade 学习行业的诀窍 ④trick someone into doing something 诱骗某人做某事 2．modest adj.谦虚的；适度的，些许的；端庄的，朴素的 ①a modest person 一个谦虚的人 ②a modest dress 一件朴素的连衣裙 ③a modest proposal 一个适度的建议 3.stuff n．东西，物品；基本内容；素材；废物，无用的东西 vt.把……塞进，填满；使吃饱 ①get rid of useless stuff 摆脱无用的东西 ②the stuff of dreams 梦的内容 ③stuff the turkey with herbs 在火鸡里塞满香草 4．consume vt.吃；喝；消耗；烧毁，毁灭；使充满(强烈的感情) ①consume a lot of time/energy resources 消耗大量时间/能源 ②The fire consumed the building. 大火烧毁了整座建筑。 ③be consumed by guilt 深感内疚 阅读单词 1．cuisine　　　　 n．菜肴；风味；烹饪 2．chef n．厨师；主厨 3．vinegar n．醋 4．onion n．洋葱；葱头 5．lamb n．羊羔肉；羔羊 6．vegetarian n．素食者 7．bacon n．熏猪肉；咸肉 8．ham n．火腿 9．sausage n．香肠；腊肠 10．brand n．品牌 11．dough n．生面团 12．cafeteria n．自助餐厅；自助食堂 13．pork n．猪肉 14．pearl n．珍珠 15．vitamin n．维生素 16．dairy　　　 adj.奶制的；乳品(业)的 n．乳制品；乳品店；牛奶厂 17．chew vi.& vt.咀嚼；嚼碎 n．咀嚼 18．temper n．脾气；火气 19．canteen n．食堂；餐厅 20．calorie n．卡路里(热量单位) 21．fibre(especially US fiber) n．纤维；纤维制品 22．quantity n．数量；数额[对比：quality n．质量；特性；素质] 23．bold adj.大胆自信的；敢于冒险的[近义：adventurous] 24．dessert n．(饭后)甜点[对比：desert n．沙漠] 25．junk n.无用的东西[助记：junk food垃圾食品] 拓展单词 1． elegant adj.　　 精美的；讲究的；文雅的 elegantly adv. 优美地；雅致地；高雅地 elegance n. 优美；高雅 2． except prep. 除……之外 exception n. 例外 exceptional adj. 特别的；罕见的 3． minimum adj. 最低(限度)的；最小的 n. 最小值；最少量 maximum adj. 最高的；最多的；最大极限的 n. 最大量；最大限度；最高限度 4． consume vt. 吃；喝；饮；消耗 consumption n. 消费；消耗 consumer n. 消费者 5． associate v. 联合，结合 association n. 协会；关联 6． idea n. 想法；构思；主意 ideal adj. 完美的；理想的；想象的 n. 理想；完美的人(或事物) ideally adv. 理想地；观念上地 7． fundamental adj.　　　 根本的；基础的；基本的 n. 基本规律；根本法则 fundamentally adv. 完全地；根本上；基本上 8． consist vi. 由……组成；存在于 consistent adj. 一致的；连续的 consistently adv. 一贯地；一致地；坚实地 consistency n. 连贯性，一致性；稠度 9． modest adj. 些许的；谦虚的；朴素的 modesty n. 谦逊；谦虚 modestly adv. 谨慎地；适当地 10．prior adj. 先前的；优先的 priority n. 优先事项；优先权 11．stable adj. 稳定的；稳重的 stably adv. 稳定地 stability n. 稳定(性)；固定(性) 12．trick n. 诀窍；计谋；把戏 vt. 欺骗 tricky adj. 棘手的；难对付的 重点短语 1．slice...off 切下 2．relate...to...把……与……联系起来 3．mix up 混淆，弄乱；搅匀，拌和 4．in other words 换言之 5．be up to sb 由某人决定 6．let out 放出；泄露 7．cut down on减少；削减,8.prior to 在……之前的[点拨：to为介词] 9．consist of 由……组成(或构成)[点拨：无被动语态] 10．regardless of 不管；不顾[近义：in spite of] 11．on the other hand 另一方面[联想： on the one hand一方面] 12．make up ①组成；构成；形成　②编造　③化妆　④凑足 单元佳句过关(遮挡背诵，自我检测) 1．Tired，hungry，and not knowing a word of Chinese，we had no idea how to order.(形容词作状语) 2．The food was wonderful and different，but what was even more important was the friendship offered us.(what引导主语从句) 3．And in America，people who receive 25% of their daily calories or more through sugar are twice as likely to die from heart disease than people who receive less than 10% a day.(倍数表达法) 4．It is up to you to decide how you want to live，and to make the right decisions about your diet.(It is up to sb to do sth) [遮住左栏尝试背诵] 1．我们又累又饿，一个汉字也不认识，压根儿不知道如何点餐。 2．食品精美且与众不同，不过更加重要的是我们感受到的友好。 3．在美国，每天从糖分中摄取25%或更高卡路里的人死于心脏病的可能性是日摄取量少于10%的人的两倍。 4．由你决定你想要怎样生活，并在你的饮食方面作出正确决定。 语篇串记词汇(背美文，记单词) 　　Foods are fundamental to our life.Among various recipes，Chinese exceptional cuisine consisting of quantities of categories is popular all over the world.Regardless of what you like，you can always have something delicious to consume.If you are a vegetarian，you can choose ingredients such as olive and garlic.You can also eat rice，bean curd，raw vegetables served in vinegar and pancake rolls stuffed with sliced green onions，which contain abundant vitamins and fibre.If not，you can select dairy，lamb kebab，ham，sausage，red braised pork，and bacon，through which you can receive more calories.Prior to having the next meal，you can also enjoy elegant desserts.If you often include pepper or chili in your daily diets，you are likely to be somewhat bold or lose your temper easily.Overall，to keep fit，we should have a consistent good eating habit，eat a modest amount of food and chew slowly each time.Although there is no trick to ideal healthy eating，moderation is the key.So if you always enjoy junk food，perhaps your health will break down.Let's take action to live a healthy life. [遮住左栏，忆加黑词汇] 食物是我们生活的基础。在各种食谱中，种类繁多的中国特色美食在世界各地广受欢迎。不管你喜欢什么，你总是可以吃一些美味的东西。如果你是一个素食主义者，你可以选择橄榄和大蒜等食材。你也可以吃米饭、豆腐、用醋调制的生蔬菜和装满葱片的煎饼卷，其中含有丰富的维生素和纤维。如果你不是素食主义者，你可以选择乳制品、羊肉串、火腿、香肠、红烧肉和培根，从这些食物中你可以获得更多的卡路里。在吃下一餐之前，你也可以吃一些精美的甜点。如果你经常在日常饮食中加入胡椒或辣椒，你很可能有点大胆或很容易发脾气。总的来说，为了保持健康，我们应该有一个一贯良好的饮食习惯，吃适量的食物，每次慢慢咀嚼。虽然理想的健康饮食没有什么诀窍，但适度是关键。所以，如果你一直喜欢垃圾食品，也许你的健康就会出问题。让我们采取行动，过上健康的生活。 任务(二)　背诵过关检测 Ⅰ.单词检测 (Ⅰ)英汉互译 1．cuisine　　　 n．菜肴；风味；烹饪 2．recipe n．烹饪法；食谱 3．vinegar n．醋 4．vegetarian n．素食者 5．junk n．无用的东西 6．bacon n．熏猪肉；咸肉 7．ham n．火腿 8．sausage n．香肠；腊肠 9．cabbage n．甘蓝；卷心菜；洋白菜 10．cafeteria n．自助餐厅；自助食堂 11．pearl n．珍珠 12．vitamin n．维生素 13．dessert n．(饭后)甜点 14．somewhat adv.有点；稍微 15．brand n．品牌 16．ingredient n．(尤指烹饪)材料；成分 17．dairy adj.奶制的；乳品(业)的 n．乳制品；乳品店；牛奶厂 18．moderation n．适度；合理 19．chew vi.& vt.咀嚼；嚼碎 n．咀嚼 20．bold adj.大胆自信的；敢于冒险的 21．elegant adj.精美的；讲究的；文雅的 22．exceptional adj.特别的；罕见的 23．minimum adj.最低(限度)的；最小的 n．最小值；最少量 24．temper n．脾气；火气 25．category n．类别；种类 26．fibre n．纤维；纤维制品 27．quantity n．数量；数额 28．ideal adj.完美的；理想的；想象的 n．理想；完美的人(或事物) 29．fundamental adj.根本的；基础的；基本的 n．基本规律；根本法则 30．overall adv.总体上；大致上 adj.全面的；综合的 (Ⅱ)熟词生义与一词多义 1．slice the bread into thin pieces 把面包切成薄片 2．the recipe for success 成功的秘诀 3．Trust is an essential ingredient in any relationship. 信任是所有关系中必不可少的因素。 4．an exceptional talent 非凡的才能 5．a magician's trick 魔术师的把戏 6．a modest proposal 一个适度的建议 7．stuff the turkey with herbs 在火鸡里塞满香草 8．be consumed by guilt 深感内疚 (Ⅲ)写出派生或词性、词义 1．elegant adj.精美的；讲究的；文雅的→elegantly adv.优美地；雅致地；高雅地→elegance n．优美；高雅 2．minimum adj.最低(限度)的；最小的n.最小值；最少量→maximum adj.最高的；最多的；最大极限的n.最大量；最大限度；最高限度 3．consume vt.吃；喝；饮；消耗→consumption n．消费；消耗 4．consist vi.由……组成；存在于→consistent adj.一致的；连续的→consistency n．连贯性，一致性；稠度 5．modest adj.些许的；谦虚的；朴素的→modesty n．谦逊；谦虚 6．prior adj.先前的；优先的→priority n．优先事项；优先权 7．stable adj.稳定的；稳重的→stably adv.稳定地→stability n．稳定(性)；固定(性) 8．trick n．诀窍；计谋；把戏 vt.欺骗→tricky adj.棘手的；难对付的 Ⅱ.短语英汉互译 1．relate...to...　　　 把……与……联系起来 2．in other words 换言之 3．be up to sb 由某人决定 4．consist of 由……组成(或构成) 5．regardless of 不管；不顾 6．slice...off 切下 7．on the other hand 另一方面 8．mix up 混淆，弄乱；搅匀，拌和 9．let out 放出；泄露 10．cut down on 减少；削减 11．prior to 在……之前的 12．make up ①组成；构成；形成　②编造 ③化妆　④凑足 Ⅲ.佳句默写(温馨提示：用衡水体认真书写) 1．我们又累又饿，一个汉字也不认识，压根儿不知道如何点餐。(形容词作状语) Tired，hungry，and not knowing a word of Chinese，we had no idea how to order. 2．食品精美且与众不同，不过更加重要的是我们感受到的友好。(what引导主语从句) The food was wonderful and different，but what was even more important was the friendship offered us. 3．在美国，每天从糖分中摄取25%或更高卡路里的人死于心脏病的可能性是日摄取量少于10%的人的两倍。(倍数表达法) And in America，people who receive 25% of their daily calories or more through sugar are twice as likely to die from heart disease than people who receive less than 10% a day. Part 1　核心词句——学表达 association n．协会；关联→associate vt.把……联系起来；交往 adj.副的→associated adj.联合的；有关联的 【高考真题】　(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷应用文写作) I often associate painting with feelings of peace and relaxation, as it allows me to express my creativity freely.我常把绘画与平和放松的感觉联系在一起，因为它能让我自由地表达创造力。 【用法归纳】 ◎in association with... 与……合作；与……有关联 ◎associate...with... 把……和……联系在一起 ◎associate with... 与……交往 ◎be associated with... 与……有关 【写作语料】　 ◎be closely associated with our growth与我们的成长密切相关 ◎associate our theoretical knowledge with active practice把理论知识与积极的实践联系起来 ◎Outdoor activities are often associated with a healthy lifestyle. 户外活动常常与健康的生活方式有关。 【语境运用】　完成句子 ①马上加入我们俱乐部吧，在这里你不仅可以提高英语口语而且可以学会如何与其他人交往。 Join our club right now，where not only can you improve your spoken English but you can also learn how to associate with others． ②此外，你应该把读到的东西和生活联系起来，以便更好地理解所学内容。 In addition, you are supposed to associate what you read with your life, which makes you have a better understanding of what you have learned. ③(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)花时间在大自然中通常与改善心理健康和提升幸福感有关。 Spending time in nature is often associated with improved mental health and well­being. quantity n．数量；数额 【高考真题】　(2024·全国甲卷应用文写作) The increasing quantity of shared bicycles in cities has made short­distance travel more convenient for many people.城市里共享单车数量的增加使得许多人的短途出行更加方便。 【用法归纳】 ◎a (large) quantity of 大量的 ◎(large) quantities of 许多的；大量的 ◎in large quantities/amounts＝in bulk 大量地 【写作语料】　 ◎purchase items in bulk 大量购买商品 ◎Waste water is pouring into the ocean in large quantities.废水大量涌入海洋。 【语用点拨】　“a quantity of＋名词”作主语时，谓语动词与名词保持数的一致；“quantities of＋名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。 【语境运用】　单句填空/完成句子 ①Large quantities of books have been contributed (contribute) to the children in the countryside since then. ②A large quantity of money has been raised (raise) to help those suffering from the disaster since last month. ③(2024·全国甲卷) 近年来，路上新能源汽车的数量显著增长，有助于减少空气污染。 The quantity of new energy vehicles on the road has grown significantly in recent years, contributing to reducing air pollution. consist of 由……组成(或构成) 【高考真题】　(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷应用文写作)My artwork consisted of vibrant colors and bold brushstrokes, capturing the beauty of the sunset.我的艺术作品色彩鲜艳笔触大胆，捕捉到了日落的美丽。 【用法归纳】 ◎consist in 在于，存在于 ◎consist with＝be consistent with 与……一致/相符 【写作语料】　 Life mainly consists of happiness and sorrow while happiness consists in struggle. 人生主要由快乐和悲伤组成，而快乐在于奋斗。 【语用点拨】　“由……组成的”其他表达法： ◎be composed of ◎be made up of ◎be comprised of 【语境运用】　单句填空/一句多译 ①Keep in mind that our ideal life is not always consistent with the reality. ②The true wealth does not consist in what we have, but what we are. ③(2021·浙江卷)我校昨天在艺术中心举行了国画作品展，这次展览包括几十幅我校同学的作品。 →A traditional Chinese painting exhibition consisting of dozens of works painted by our schoolmates was held yesterday in the art center.(非谓语动词作定语) →A traditional Chinese painting exhibition which consisted of dozens of works painted by our schoolmates was held yesterday in the art center.(定语从句) regardless of 不管；不顾(后可接名词和从句) 【高考真题】　(2024·浙江1月卷应用文写作) Participating in sports can foster teamwork and communication skills, regardless of the specific activity chosen.参加体育运动可以培养团队合作和沟通技能，不管选择哪项具体活动。 【用法归纳】 ◎regardless of the fact that... 不顾……的事实 ◎in spite of＝despite 尽管(后常接名词，不接从句) ◎with regard to 关于；至于 【写作语料】　 In spite of/Despite many massive difficulties, I would rather fail than give up. 尽管面对许多巨大的困难，但我宁愿失败也不愿放弃。 【语境运用】　完成语段 (2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)尽管挑战巨大，大卫还是决心要参加跑步比赛。尽管在比赛中意外摔倒，但大卫还是挣扎着站起来，拖着沉重的脚步走向终点线。至于结果，大卫得了三等奖。 ①Regardless of great challenges，David was determined to take part in the running race.②In spite of/Despite an unexpected fall during the race，David struggled to his feet and dragged towards the finish line.③With regard to the result，David won the third prize. 句式：形容词(短语)作状语 【教材原句】　Tired，hungry，and not knowing a word of Chinese，we had no idea how to order，so the chef just began filling our table with the best food we had ever eaten.我们又累又饿，一个汉字也不认识，压根儿不知道如何点餐，于是厨师在我们桌上摆满了食物，那是我们吃过的最可口的佳肴。 【用法归纳】 形容词(短语)作状语可以表示方式、原因或伴随状况等，可位于句首、句末或句中，常用逗号与句子其他成分隔开。 【写作佳句】　 ①Curious and thrilled，the girl unwrapped the box，took out the gift and jumped to her feet with joy.[动作链] 又好奇又激动，女孩打开盒子，拿出礼物，高兴地跳了起来。 ②Extremely delighted to know that you've intended to join the Weiqi Club in our school，I am writing to inform you of the related information.[告知信] 很高兴知道你打算参加我们学校的围棋俱乐部，我写信通知你相关的信息。 ③Afraid of not finding my way to the farm，I sat beside a tree and held my shoulders in my arms tightly.[恐惧心理描写] 因为害怕找不到回农场的路，我坐在树旁，胳膊紧紧地抱着肩膀。 【仿写借鉴】　句式升级/完成句子 ①I am desperate for the chance to be a volunteer.I do hope you can offer me the precious opportunity.[申请信] →Desperate for the chance to be a volunteer, I do hope you can offer me the precious opportunity.(形容词短语作状语) ②(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)在颁奖典礼上，我怀着极度紧张和兴奋的心情接受了获奖证书。 At the award presentation, I accepted the award certificate, extremely nervous and excited． ③很高兴得知你对中国画感兴趣，我写信真诚地邀请你参观我们学校正在举行的展览。[邀请信] Extremely glad/delighted to know that you are interested in Chinese paintings，I am writing to sincerely invite you to visit the exhibition being hosted in our school. Part 2　阅读词汇——善辨义 1．trick A．n.诡计，花招　B．n.恶作剧　C．n.窍门，诀窍 D．vt.欺骗，哄骗　E．vt.戏弄 ①(2024·全国甲卷)Try your hand at some of the painting tricks used by artists whose works will be in the upcoming exhibition of American Watercolors 1880－1990: Into the Light. C ②The older siblings played a mean trick on their younger brother. B ③The salesman tried to trick the customer into buying a more expensive product. D ④The prankster decided to trick his friends by hiding their belongings. E ⑤The con artist used a clever trick to steal people's money. A 2．modest A．adj.谦虚的，谦逊的　B．adj.适度的，不太大的　C．adj.端庄的，朴素的 ①The young man was praised for his modest attitude despite his many accomplishments. A ②They lived in a modest house on the outskirts of town. B ③The bride chose a modest wedding dress, simple yet elegant. C 3．stuff A．n.东西，物品　B．n.素材　C．n.废物，无用的东西　D．vt.塞满，填满　E．vt.使吃饱 ①(2024·浙江1月卷) I didn't bother taking a look, as I had assumed that it would be stuffed full of cheesy love stories. D ②The writer collected interesting stories as stuff for his novel. B ③The attic was full of old stuff that needed to be thrown away. C ④The room was filled with all sorts of stuff, from old books to broken furniture. A ⑤They stuffed themselves with delicious food at the all­you­can­eat buffet. E 4．consume A．vt.消耗 B．vt.烧毁，毁灭 C．vt.使充满(强烈的感情) ①She was scared by the depression which threatened to consume her. C ②The wildfire consumed thousands of acres of forest. B ③The new car consumes less fuel than the old model. A 巧借前缀mini­推测词义 前缀mini­表示小型、微型或短暂的事物或概念 [本单元]minimum adj.最低(限度)的；最小的 n．最小值；最少量 [相关词]①minicab n．小型出租车 ②minicomputer n．微型计算机 1．The children enjoyed playing with the miniature train set during their weekend at home. [词义]mini(小)＋ature(名词后缀)→miniature n．微型模型 2．The company launched a miniseries to promote its new product line on social media. [词义]mini(小)＋series(系列节目)→miniseries n．小型系列剧 3．The new smartphone features a minimalist design, focusing on simplicity and functionality. [词义]mini(小)＋mal(最少的)＋ist(形容词后缀)→minimalist adj.极简主义的 4．The minibus was used to transport the team to the competition venue. [词义]mini(小)＋bus(公共汽车)→minibus n．小型巴士 5．The minivan was spacious enough to accommodate the entire family during the road trip. [词义]mini(小)＋van(货车)→minivan n．小型货车 (一)核心词句专练——单句语法填空 1．(2023·浙江1月卷)Thanks to Beijing's long history as capital of China，almost every hutong has its stories，and some are even associated with historic events. 2．It is with your generous help that the tricky (trick) problem was easily approached. 3．As a result of the destroyed forests，a large quantity of desert has covered (cover) the land in the last few years. 4．No one can deny the fact that fresh air is fundamental to good health，so we must regularly go outdoors. 5．The new chorus consisting (consist)of ten people is very popular among the audience. 6．Tom played a trick on me，which made me cry.My eyes were all red and swollen from crying. 7．All the drawers were stuffed (stuff) with letters and papers but she finally found them useless. 8．Prior to leaving (leave) for France, he has been exposed to various French traditional culture. (二)阅读词汇猜词——熟词生义、派生 1．The chef carefully sliced the tomatoes into thin, even pieces for the salad.vt.把……切成薄片 2．Hard work and dedication are the recipe for achieving your goals in life.n.秘诀 3．Effective communication is a crucial ingredient in maintaining a healthy relationship.n.(构成)要素；因素 4．The young musician's exceptional talent earned her a scholarship to a prestigious conservatory.adj.杰出的，非凡的 5．The convenience of having a minimarket right around the corner makes it easy for residents to pick up last­minute essentials. ◎mini­(微小)＋market(市场)→n.小型超市 6．Investors were concerned that the ongoing economic crisis would result in a maxi­devaluation, significantly reducing the value of their assets denominated in the local currency. ◎maxi­(最大……)＋devaluation (贬值)→maxi­devaluation n．大幅贬值 (一)应用文写作[发言稿——介绍中国传统美食] 假定你是李华，你将接受校英语报专栏A Bite of My Country的主持人Cindy的专访。请你写一篇有关中国传统食物的发言稿，内容包括： 1．介绍一种美食； 2．说明该美食背后的意义； 3．邀请来体验美食。 选用本单元所学知识和右栏词块翻译句子 第一段：开头点明发言主题 1．很高兴来到这里，与你分享一种我非常喜爱的中国传统美食——端午节粽子，或称Zongzi。 It's my pleasure to be here and share with you a traditional Chinese delicacy that I absolutely adore—the Dragon Boat Festival rice dumplings, or Zongzi. 第二段：具体介绍粽子的历史意义和做法 2．粽子由塞满各种馅料的糯米(glutinous rice)组成，用竹叶包裹，蒸至完全熟透。 Zongzi consists of glutinous rice stuffed with various fillings, wrapped in bamboo leaves, and needs to be steamed until fully cooked. 3．制作粽子是一个历史悠久的传统，与农历五月初五的端午节密切相关。 Making Zongzi is a time­honored tradition closely associated with the Dragon Boat Festival, which falls on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month. 4．传说人们大量地把粽子扔进河里，以防止鱼儿吃掉屈原的身体，这是一个世代相传的感人故事。 Legend has it that people threw rice dumplings into the river in large quantities to prevent fish from eating Qu Yuan's body, which is a touching story passed down through generations. 5．包粽子可能有些棘手，但只要通过耐心地练习，任何人都能掌握窍门。 Wrapping Zongzi can be tricky, but with practice and patience, anyone can master the trick. 6.不管你的包粽技术如何，粽子的美味香气和口感总能给享用它的人带来欢乐和慰藉。 Regardless of your wrapping skills, the delicious aroma and taste of Zongzi will always bring joy and comfort to those who eat it. 第三段：最后点出期待 7．我真诚地邀请你在端午节期间来我的家乡，亲身体验这种传统美食的魅力。 I sincerely invite you to visit my hometown during the Dragon Boat Festival to experience the charm of this traditional delicacy firsthand. [构建语义场——饮食文化] 1．烹饪方法 ①stir­fry 炒　　 ②steam 蒸 ③braise 炖 ④roast 烤 ⑤grill 烧烤 ⑥deep­fry 油炸 ⑦boil 煮 ⑧bake 烘焙 ⑨ferment 发酵 ⑩pickle 腌渍 ⑪cure 熏制 2．食材选择 ⑫fresh ingredients 新鲜食材 ⑬seasonal produce 时令农产品 ⑭locally sourced 本地采购 ⑮organic food 有机食品 ⑯farm­to­table 从农场到餐桌 ⑰nose­to­tail eating 从头到尾食用(不浪费动物的任何可食用部分) 3．饮食习惯 ⑱balanced diet 均衡饮食 ⑲portion control 控制分量 ⑳mindful eating 专注进食 ㉑slow food movement 慢食运动 ㉒family meals 家庭聚餐 ㉓food sharing 食物分享 ㉔cultural traditions 文化传统 ㉕food taboos 食物禁忌 4．餐饮体验 ㉖fine dining 高级餐饮 ㉗casual dining 休闲餐饮 ㉘street food 街头小吃 ㉙food festivals 美食节 ㉚culinary tourism 美食旅游 ㉛food pairing 食物搭配 5．饮食中的文化 ㉜regional specialties 地方特色 ㉝ethnic cuisine 民族美食 ㉞traditional recipes 传统食谱 ㉟food history 食物历史 6．健康饮食 ㊱nutritional value 营养价值 ㊲dietary restrictions 饮食限制 ㊳food allergies 食物过敏 ㊴plant­based diet 植物性饮食 (二)读后续写[饮食文化话题＋欣慰心理描写] Ⅰ.教材语料背诵 词汇 [人物描写]　bold；elegant；exceptional；temper；ideal；modest；stable [动作描写]　stuff；consume；trick；chew；slice...off 佳句 1．Tired，hungry，and not knowing a word of Chinese，we had no idea how to order，so the chef just began filling our table with the best food we had ever eaten.(动作描写) 2．At a minimum，the kinds of food local people consume tell us what they grow in their region，what kinds of lives they lead，and what they like and do not like.(排比) 3．What we can say，however，is that culture and cuisine go hand in hand.(拟人) Ⅱ.拓展语料积累 词汇 relieved 欣慰的；content 满足的；pleased 高兴的；satisfied 满意的；delighted 欣喜的；thrilled 激动的；overjoyed 欣喜若狂的；a weight off one's shoulders 如释重负；a sigh of relief 松了一口气；a load off one's mind 心头大石落地；a breath of fresh air 令人耳目一新；a ray of hope＝a silver lining一线希望；a reason to smile 值得欣慰的理由；a cause for celebration 值得庆祝的理由 佳句 1．As the final whistle blew, the team breathed a collective sigh of relief, knowing they had secured their place in the championships. 随着终场哨声响起，球队集体松了一口气，他们知道自己已经获得了参加锦标赛的资格。 2．Her son's voice on the phone after months of silence was music to her ears, filling her heart with joy and relief. 在沉默了几个月后听到儿子在电话中的声音，她如沐春风，心里充满了喜悦和宽慰。 3．The successful completion of the project was a weight off his shoulders, allowing him to finally relax and enjoy his success. 项目的成功完成让他如释重负，让他终于可以放松下来，享受成功的喜悦。 4．Her daughter's smile after the difficult surgery was a ray of hope to him in an otherwise dark and trying time. 对他来说，在艰难的手术后看到女儿的微笑是这个黑暗而艰难的时刻下的一线希望。 Ⅲ.语料综合运用(用上述语料完成续写) [前情提示]　一对双胞胎在母亲节那天为妈妈做早餐…… [续写构思]　父亲出现→父亲安慰并上前帮忙→双胞胎感到如释重负→收拾厨房，重新开始→为母亲制造一个特别的惊喜 　　当双胞胎失望地环顾四周时，他们的父亲出现了。他看到了眼前的景象——烤焦的吐司、溢出的粥，以及孩子们沮丧的表情。他露出令人安心的微笑，上前帮忙。“别担心，孩子们。让我们把这里清理干净，重新开始。我会指导你们的。”双胞胎感到如释重负，对父亲的支持心存感激。在父亲温和的指导和鼓励下，他们一起收拾了厨房，重新开始。在他们共同努力下，早上的小事故已经被抛之脑后，他们决心为亲爱的母亲制造一个特别的惊喜。 　　As the twins looked around them in disappointment, their father appeared.He took in the scene before him—the burnt toast, the overflowing porridge, and ①the disappointed expressions on his children's faces．②With a reassuring smile, he stepped in to help.“Don't worry, kids.Let's clean this up and start over.I'll guide you through it.” The twins ③felt a wave of relief wash over them, grateful for their father's support.Together, they tidied the kitchen and began anew, with their father ④offering gentle guidance and encouragement．The mishaps of the morning became distant memories as they worked together，⑤determined to create a special surprise for their beloved mother． (时间：30分钟　满分：35分) Ⅰ.阅读理解(共8小题，每小题2.5分，共20分) A Researchers at the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research analyzed historical food prices across various food categories and countries globally, looking at the impact of climatic change on food inflation(通货膨胀)and the potential implications of future climate change.They found that annual food inflation will rise by 3.2 percent per year and overall inflation by 1.18 percent per year by 2035.And all nations will be impacted, while hot regions and summers will see the most significant consequences. “Looking at over 27, 000 observations of historical data, we found that increases in temperatures can increase food prices, particularly in hot regions and seasons，” said Max Kotz, a co­author of the study.“Under future climate conditions, these impacts could become large, threatening the price stability commands of central banks such as the ECB (European Central Bank), which aims to keep inflation below 2 percent.” The report highlighted how rising or unstable prices endanger human welfare and economic and political stability, pointing to United Nations data showing that the cost­of­living crisis in 2021/22 resulted in 71 million more people falling into poverty globally.The study found that increases in temperatures, particularly in hot regions and during summers, lead to heightened inflation levels, which are more pronounced in lower latitudes (纬度地区)like Africa and South America.Regions at higher latitudes experience seasonal peaks, mostly in the summer months. Data showed a 1℃ rise in average monthly temperatures affects prices for nearly a year, similarly to extra rainfall.However, price impacts resulting from extreme drought are only temporary.Researchers examined the extremely hot European summer of 2022, when heat and drought had far­reaching effects on agriculture and the economy.“We estimate that the 2022 summer heat extreme increased food inflation in Europe by about 0.6 percent，” said Kotz. Researchers claimed that future warming projected for 2035 would multiply the impacts of such extremes by up to 50 percent.These effects are particularly relevant for currency unions with a 2 percent inflation target, such as the Eurozone, and will continue to increase with future global warming. [语篇解读]本文是说明文。研究人员通过分析全球不同食品类别和国家的历史食品价格，研究气候变化对食品通胀的影响以及未来气候变化的潜在影响。他们发现气温升高会推高食品价格，尤其是在炎热地区和季节。 1．What is the first paragraph mainly about? A．Natural consequences of climate change. B．The link between food prices and climate. C．Food prices in hot regions during summers. D．The impact of food inflation on food prices. B　[主旨大意题。根据第一段内容可知，研究人员在研究气候变化对食品通胀的影响以及未来气候变化的潜在影响，他们发现到2035年，食品年通胀率将以每年3.2%的速度上升，总体通胀率将以每年1.18%的速度上升，所有国家都将受到影响，而炎热地区和夏季将面临最严重的后果。再结合第二段的“we found that increases in temperatures can increase food prices, particularly in hot regions and seasons”可知，食品通胀表示食品价格升高，所以第一段揭示的是食品价格和气候之间的关系，故选B。A项“气候变化的自然后果”；C项“夏季炎热地区的食品价格”；D项“食品通胀对食品价格的影响”。] 2．What might the rising prices lead to according to the researchers' report? A．Massive poverty. B．Human welfare. C．Environmental crisis. D．Economic stability. A　[细节理解题。根据第三段的“The report highlighted how rising or unstable prices endanger human welfare and economic and political stability...the cost­of­living crisis in 2021/22 resulted in 71 million more people falling into poverty globally”可知，报告强调了价格上涨或不稳定如何危及人类福祉以及经济和政治稳定，指出联合国的数据显示，2021/22年的生活成本危机导致全球7 100多万人陷入贫困。由此可知，持续增长的价格可能会导致大规模贫困，故选A。] 3．Why is the European summer of 2022 mentioned in Paragraph 4? A．To give an example of the research findings. B．To provide reasons for the researchers' doubt. C．To show practical significance of the research. D．To state researchers' methods for data analysis. A　[推理判断题。第四段前两句讲数据显示，月平均气温上升1℃对价格的影响将持续近一年，而极端干旱对价格的影响只是暂时的。接着文章列举了研究人员调查了2022年欧洲极端炎热的夏季，当时炎热和干旱对农业和经济产生了深远的影响。由此可推知，文章提及2022年欧洲的夏季是为了给研究发现提供一个例子，说明研究结论是正确的，故选A。B项“为研究者的怀疑提供理由”；C项“为显示研究的现实意义”；D项“为说明研究人员的数据分析方法”。] 4．What is the researchers' attitude toward food inflation? A．Unclear. B．Dismissive. C．Doubtful. D．Concerned. D　[观点态度题。通读全文可知，研究人员发现气温升高会导致全球食品通胀，从而危及人类福祉，威胁经济和政治的稳定，且这些影响将随着未来全球变暖而继续增强。由此可推出，研究人员对食品通胀是非常关注且担忧的，故选D。] B (2025·惠州市高三第二次调研考试试题)Traditional micro­robots often face limitations due to their power sources, but a recently developed insect­sized robot powered by tiny explosions has demonstrated the ability to climb, jump, and carry loads many times its own weight. The robot, mainly developed by materials engineer Robert F.Shepherd at Cornell University in New York, along with his Ph.D.student Cameron Aubin, is powered by tiny actuators (制动器).“The actuator looks like a drum.It's an empty cylinder with stretchy rubber on the top，” said Aubin. The researchers employed four actuators to drive the robot's feet.To make the robot jump or climb, a stream of methane(甲烷)and oxygen was fed into each foot and sparked(点燃)with electricity from a battery.The resulting reaction between the gases released energy as a small explosion, causing the rubber to change its form. Shepherd noted that the tiny explosions happened so quickly that they didn't damage the rubber.But they provided considerable propulsion: the robot could jump to a height of 56 centimeters and carry a load 22 times its own weight. “This team has brought chemically powered actuation to impressive ranges for robotics while also demonstrating impressive capabilities for insect­size machines，” said Ryan Truby, a materials scientist at Northwestern University in Illinois. Robots that are small and light but strong and able to cover large distances could one day be used in environmental monitoring or search­and­rescue applications.And the robot built by Aubin and Shepherd, described in a paper published in Science, would need further development for use in the field.“At the moment, it needs to be connected to a panel that contains the gas supply and a battery, a limitation that presents a challenge.Coming up with ways to burn fuels on a wireless robot is not easy，” said Truby.“This is the next big challenge to address.” [语篇解读]本文是说明文。本文主要介绍了一款最近研发的昆虫机器人利用微型爆炸，引起橡胶形变，从而驱动机器人攀爬、跳跃和负载数倍于自身重量的物体，但目前还需要解决如何在无线机器人上点燃燃料的问题。 5．Why does the recently developed insect­sized robot stand out? A．It is extremely tiny and light. B．It is equipped with a drum. C．It is extremely swift and quick. D．It is driven by explosive force. D　[细节理解题。根据第一段内容，尤其是“a recently developed insect­sized robot powered by tiny explosions”可知，传统的微型机器人常常因其动力来源而受到限制，但最近研发的由微型爆炸驱动的昆虫大小的机器人已经证明了攀爬、跳跃和负载数倍于自身重量的物体的能力。由此可知，最近研发的昆虫机器人的出色之处是利用微型爆炸作为能量驱动。故选D。] 6．What happens when the methane and oxygen are sparked? A．The reaction creates a mixture of gas to drive the robot. B．The reaction generates heat that is changed into movement. C．The reaction transforms the stretchy rubber to drive the robot. D．The reaction provides electricity that is changed into movement. C　[细节理解题。根据第三段的“To make the robot jump or climb...causing the rubber to change its form”可知，研究人员将一股甲烷和氧气流注入机器人的每只脚，电池的电流将其点燃，发生微型爆炸，导致橡胶形变，从而驱动机器人，让其跳跃或攀爬。故选C。A项“反应产生一种气体混合物来驱动机器人”；B项“反应产生热量，热量被转化为运动”；D项“反应产生电，电被转化为运动”。] 7．What does “propulsion” in Paragraph 4 probably mean? A．Ability to move. B．Possibility to develop. C．Force to push things. D．Electricity to spark gases. C　[词句猜测题。根据画线词后的“the robot could jump to a height of 56 centimeters and carry a load 22 times its own weight”可知，微型爆炸驱动机器人可以跳到56厘米的高度，携带的载荷是自身重量的22倍，由此可知，微型爆炸是一种推进力，故选C。] 8．How can Aubin and Shepherd make advancement in the robot they built? A．They can use more actuators to provide larger power. B．They can design programs to control the robot efficiently. C．They can work on methods to enable wireless energy production. D．They can connect the robot to a panel containing the gas supply and a battery. C　[细节理解题。根据最后一段的“At the moment, it needs to be connected to a panel...Coming up with ways to burn fuels on a wireless robot is not easy”可知，目前，这款昆虫机器人需要连接到一个包含气体供应和电池的面板上，这是它的局限之处，而想出在无线机器人上点燃燃料的方法并不容易。由此可知，Aubin和Shepherd可以研究无线能源生产的方法来改进机器人，故选C。A项“他们可以使用更多的制动器来提供更大的动力”；B项“他们可以设计程序来高效地控制机器人”；D项“他们可以将机器人连接到一个包含气体供应和电池的面板上”。] Ⅱ.完形填空(共15小题，每小题1分，共15分) (2025·惠州市高三第二次调研)As a teenager growing up in Great Britain, Lola Anderson was inspired by the rowing events at the 2012 London Olympics. Moved by the athletes' strength and determination, she decided to 1 the sport herself.In her diary, she expressed her dream of winning an Olympic gold medal in rowing.But embarrassed by her 2 dream, Lola tore out the diary page.“I threw that away because I didn't believe，” Anderson 3 ．“I was 14 then, so why would I believe? Young girls struggle to see themselves as strong, athletic individuals, but that's 4 now.” Despite her initial 5 ，Anderson pursued rowing with her father's support. In 2019, as Don Anderson 6 cancer, he presented Lola with a 7 ．He held out his hand and 8 the page she had torn from her diary years earlier.Don had found it in the trash can (垃圾桶) and kept it, 9 she would need it one day.Don 10 months later, but his faith in his daughter's dream remained. His predictive gesture 11 on Wednesday when Anderson competed in her first Olympic Games as part of the women's quadruple sculls (四人双桨) rowing team.Her team 12 the gold medal by mere 0.15 seconds.After the race, Anderson reflected on her father's firm support. “It's a piece of paper, but it's the most valuable thing I have，” she said, “maybe jointly with the 13 now.” Lola Anderson's 14 from a self­doubting teenager to an Olympic champion serves as 15 of the power of dreams and the lasting impact of a father's love. [语篇解读]本文是记叙文。文章描述了Lola Anderson受到奥运赛艇项目的激励，开始追逐运动梦想并最终实现梦想的过程。 1． A．take up B．look into C．live upon D．fight for A　[上文提到Lola受到了赛艇项目的激励，并且被运动员的毅力和决心感动了，结合下文中提到的她在父亲的支持下开始划艇运动可以推测，她决定开始做这项运动，故选A。take up“开始做，开始从事”；look into“调查”；live upon“靠……生活”；fight for“为……而奋斗”。] 2． A．greedy B．achievable C．shallow D．wild D　[下文提到Lola撕掉了那页日记，因为她不相信自己的梦想，所以可以推测，她觉得自己的梦想是不切实际的，故选D。wild“不切实际的，异想天开的，不合常理的”。greedy“贪婪的”；achievable“可以完成的，可达到的”；shallow“肤浅的”。] 3． A．imagined B．regretted C．added D．recalled D　[根据下文中的“I was 14 then...but that's 4 now”可知，空后Lola提到了当时的情况，所以推断这里是Lola在回忆(recalled)撕掉那页日记这件事，故选D。imagine“想象”；regret“后悔”；add“补充说”。] 4． A．changing B．strengthening C．worsening D．speeding A　[上文中Lola提到年轻女孩们很难将自己看作强壮的运动型个体，再根据空前的but可知，这里与上文内容之间存在转折关系，即现在这种情况正在发生改变(changing)，故选A。strengthen“增强”；worsen“恶化”；speed“加快”。] 5． A．resolution B．doubt C．confidence D．worry B　[根据 Despite 以及上文提到的Lola撕掉那页写了自己梦想的日记并且不相信自己的梦想可知，她起初对自己的梦想是怀疑、不确定的，尽管如此，她还是在父亲的支持下开始了划艇运动，故选B(doubt“怀疑”)。resolution“决心”；confidence“信心”；worry“担忧”。] 6． A．studied B．battled C．defeated D．prevented B　[根据下文中的“but his faith in his daughter's dream remained”(但是他对女儿梦想的信心并没有消逝)并结合常识可以推测，Lola的父亲当时正在与癌症抗争(battled)，故选B。defeat“打败”；prevent“阻止，防止”。] 7． A．wish B．blow C．promise D．surprise D　[根据下文中的“the page she had torn from her diary”和“Dad had found it in the trash can (垃圾桶) and kept it”可知，父亲在垃圾桶里发现了那页日记并保存了下来，所以应该是给了Lola一个惊喜(surprise)，故选D。wish“愿望”；blow“打击”；promise“承诺”。] 8． A．threw B．revealed C．folded D．released B　[根据下文可知，父亲在垃圾桶里发现了那页日记，这里是说他向Lola展示了(revealed)它，故选B。throw“扔”；fold“折叠”；release“放开，松开”。] 9． A．advocating B．proving C．feeling D．wondering C　[根据上文可知，父亲发现并保存了Lola撕掉的那页日记，说明他“感觉”女儿有朝一日可能会需要它，故选C(feel“感觉”)。advocate“提倡”；prove“证明”；wonder“感到疑惑”。] 10．A．passed away B．died off C．set off D．went away A　[根据上文中的“cancer”和空后的“but his faith...remained”可推测，Lola的父亲几个月后去世了，但他对自己女儿的梦想的信心并没有消逝，故选A(pass away “去世”)。die off“相继死去”；set off“出发”；go away“离开”。] 11．A．happened B．mattered C．arrived D．worked D　[根据上文中的“but his faith...remained”和下文中的“the gold medal”，以及最后一段中的“from a self­doubting teenager to an Olympic champion”可推测，Lola获得了奥运金牌。所以可以推测，这里是说，父亲预言性的举动发挥了作用。故选D(work“起作用”)。happen“发生”；matter“重要”；arrive“到达”。] 12．A．bagged B．forgot C．lost D．recovered A　[根据最后一段中的“from a self­doubting teenager to an Olympic champion”可知，她的队伍仅仅以0.15秒的优势获得了金牌，故A项符合语境，此处是bag的熟词生义用法。bag“获得”；forget“忘记”；lose“失去”；recover “重新获得，赢回”。] 13．A．support B．team C．medal D．rowing C　[Lola提到那页日记虽然只是一张纸，却是她拥有的最宝贵的东西，再根据上下文可知Lola获得了奥运金牌，所以这里是说，现在可能除了那页日记，还有刚赢得的奖牌(medal)一起都是她最宝贵的东西，故选C。] 14．A．journey B．range C．departure D．achievement A　[文章主要以一页被撕掉的日记为线索，介绍了Lola从自我怀疑的少女到奥运冠军的转变，故journey“旅行，行程”符合语境。range“范围”；departure“出发”；achievement“成就”。] 15．A．advice B．belief C．memory D．proof D　[serve as表示“充当，用作”，这里是说Lola Anderson从自我怀疑的少女到奥运冠军的转变过程，证明了梦想的力量和父爱的持久影响，故选D。advice“建议”；belief“信念”；memory“记忆”；proof“证明”。] 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $