选择性必修第三册 UNIT 9 HUMAN BIOLOGY（教师用书Word）-【正禾一本通】2026年新高考英语高三一轮总复习高效讲义（北师大版）

该高中英语高考复习讲义围绕词汇、短语、句式及语篇应用等核心考点，按“基础积累-拓展应用-检测巩固”逻辑架构知识体系，通过重点词汇分类（含一词多义、熟词生义）、经典句式仿写（如the+序数词+n.+to do...）、语篇词汇串记等环节，结合真题语境练（如2024年全国甲卷题目），帮助学生系统突破词汇辨析与句式运用难点。 资料创新采用词源猜义法（如artificially通过词缀拆解理解）和分层训练模式（词汇默写、语境应用、拓展词族），在句式教学中融入“遮挡背诵+仿写借鉴”活动，培养学生语言能力与学习策略。设置应用文写作（克隆技术利弊）和读后续写语料积累，助力教师精准把控复习节奏，高效提升学生应考能力。

任务(一)　单词背诵 重点词汇 1．marathon 　　 n．马拉松赛跑 2．athletics n．田径运动会 3．innovate vi.& vt.革新，创新，改革 4．vaccine n．疫苗 5．resilience n．恢复力，复原力，适应力 6．doping n．使用违禁药物(以提高体育比赛的成绩) 7．gene n．基因 8．mammal n．哺乳动物 9．camel n．骆驼 10．cattle n．牛 11．goat n．山羊 12．primate n．灵长目动物 13．ape n．猿 14．reproductive adj.繁殖的，生殖的 15．provoke vt.激起，引起 16．ethical adj.关于伦理的；合乎道德的 17．inferior adj.低级别的，下级的；差的，次的 18．curse n．祸因，祸根；诅咒，咒语 19．atom 　　 　 n．原子 20．organ n．器官 21．impulse n．(神经)冲动，(电)脉冲 22．crossword n．纵横字谜，纵横填字游戏 23．intake n．摄入量，摄取量 24．omega n．奥米伽(希腊字母表的最后一个字母，即Ω，ω) 25．epidemic n．传染病，流行病 26．virus n．病毒 27．variation n．变化物，变体；差异，变动 28．bacteria n．细菌 29．baseline n．(医学或科学中的)基线，准线 30．CE 公元(用于日期后) 31．lung n．肺 32．trial n．试验；审判，审理 33．underline vt.强调，使突出；在……之下划线 34．symbolically adv.象征地，象征性地 35．mineral n．矿物质；矿产 36．database n．数据库，资料库 37．astronomer n．天文学家 写作词汇 1．justify your rude behavior 为你的粗鲁行为辩护 2．an active participant 积极的参与者 3．break the technical barrier 突破技术壁垒 4．twin boys/girls孪生男孩/女孩 5．stand by you forever 永远在你身边 6．a crucial factor 关键性的因素 7．a mere child 只是个孩子 8．locate the position of the gene找出该基因的位置 9．take you outside your comfort zone带你走出舒适区 10．an officially recognized English language school官方认可的英语学校 11．some rare animals 一些稀有动物 12.the most widespread outbreak 范围最大的爆发 13．visible benefits显而易见的好处 14．one visible symptom 一个明显的症状 15．be buried under ten feet of snow被埋藏在十英尺厚的积雪中 16．the actual number of deaths 实际死亡人数 17．find the main focus for each paragraph找到每一段的重点 18．scientific explanations of natural phenomena自然现象的科学解释 19．a needle and thread 针线 20．victims of racial prejudice 种族歧视的受害者 21．full of emotion 充满感情 拓展词汇 1． biology n.　　　 生物学 biological adj. 生物的；生物学的 biologist n. 生物学家 2． capability n. (完成困难事情的)能力，才能 capable adj. 有能力的 3． infer vt. 推断，推定 inference n. 推断，推定 4． calculate vt. 计算，核算 calculation n. 计算，核算 calculator n. 计算器 5． physicist n. 物理学家 physics n. 物理学 physical adj. 物理学的；身体的；物质的 6． betterment n. (个人社会和经济地位的)改良，改善，提高 better vt. 改善，提高；超过；胜过 7． edit vi.& vt. 编辑，编校；剪辑，剪接 edition n. 版本，版次 editor n. 编辑，主编 8． comparison n. 比较 compare vt. 比较 9． wholly adv. 完全地 whole adj. 完全的 10．accurate adj. 准确的，正确的 accurately adv. 准确地 accuracy n. 准确性，准确度 11．treatment n. 诊疗，治疗，疗法；对待方式 treat n. 乐事；款待 vt. 治疗；对待 12．blessing n. 福气，幸运 bless vt. 祝福 13．nerve n. 神经；焦虑，恐惧，紧张 nervous adj. 紧张的 14．classify vt. 将……分类；把……归入一类 classified adj. 分类的；机密的 classification n.　　 归类，分类，分级 15．opposed adj. 与某事物相反；反对某事物 oppose vt. 反对 opposite adj. 对面的；相反的 prep. 在……对面 opposition n. 反对，反抗 16．depressing adj. 令人沮丧的，让人忧愁的 depressed adj. 沮丧的，忧愁的 depress vt. 令人沮丧；使萧条 depression n. 沮丧；(经济)萧条 17．steadily adv. 稳定地 steady adj. 稳定的；稳固的 unsteady adj. 不稳定的 18．systematic adj. 系统化的，有条理的 system n. 系统，体系，制度 19．globe n. 地球，世界；地球仪 global adj. 全球的 20．corresponding adj. 相应的；对应的 correspond vi. 相一致；符合；类似于 correspondence n. 一致；相似；相关；通信；信件 21．identify vt. 确定，发现；认出，识别 identification n. 确定，发现；鉴定；辨认 22．differ vi. 不同，不一样；意见相左 different adj. 不同的；有区别的 difference n. 差异；不同 23．participant n. 参加者；参与者 participate vi. 参与，参加 24．depressing adj. 令人沮丧的，让人忧愁的 depressed adj. 沮丧的；萧条的 depress vt. 使沮丧；使萧条 depression n. 抑郁，沮丧 25．locate vi.& vt. 找出……的准确位置 location n. 位置 教材外课标词汇 1．sheet /ʃiːt/ n．一张(纸)；床单；被单 2．shore /ʃɔː(r)/ n．岸；滨 3．slice /slaɪs/ n．(切下的食物) 薄片 vt.把……切成薄片 4．source /sɔːs/ n．来源；出处 5．sow /səʊ/ vt.& vi.(sowed, sown or sowed) 播种；种 6.starve /stɑːv/ vi.& vt.(使) 挨饿；饿死 7．statistic /stə'tɪstɪk/ n．[pl.]统计数字；统计资料；统计学 8．statue /'stætʃuː/ n．雕塑；雕像 9．strait /streɪt/ n．海峡 10．string /strɪŋ/ n．细绳；线；一串 vt.(strung, strung) 悬挂；系 adj.弦乐器的；线织的 一词多义 1．clone ①vt.克隆，使无性繁殖 ②n.克隆动物或植物，无性繁殖的个体；复制品；翻版 2．abuse ①vt.滥用，妄用；虐待 ②n.滥用；虐待 3．parallel ①n.(不同地点或不同时间的两事物之间的)联系，相似 ②adj.平行的 4．estimate ①vt.估计，估算 ②n.估计，估算 5．sample ①n.样本，样品 ②vt.品尝，体验；对……做抽样调查 6．pose ①vt.造成，引起，产生(问题、危险、困难等)；提出 ②vi.摆姿势 ③n.(为画像、拍照等而摆的)姿势，姿态 7．suspect ①n.(犯罪)嫌疑人，可疑分子 ②vt.怀疑……有罪，认为……有嫌疑 熟词生义 1．thorough [常见义]adj.彻底的，全面的，详尽的→[生僻义]adj.细心的 2．clue [常见义]n.线索，提示→[生僻义]vt.提供最新信息 3．contain [常见义]vt.包含，容纳，装盛→[生僻义]vt.克制，抑制(感情) 4．bound [常见义]adj.很有可能，肯定会→[生僻义]adj.开往 词源猜义 1．artificially　artifi (人工的)＋cial(形容词词缀)＋ly(副词词缀)→以人工方式→引申为：adv.人为地，虚假地 2．identical　 ident (相同)＋ical(形容词词缀)→完全相同的→引申为：adj.完全相同的，非常相似的 3．reproductive　 re (再次)＋product (生产)＋ive(形容词词缀)→再次生产的能力→引申为：adj.生殖的，繁殖的 4．crossword　 cross (交叉)＋word(词)→交叉排列的词→引申为：n.纵横字谜 5．intake　 in (进入)＋take(获取)→进入获取→引申为：n.摄入量；新纳入者 6．symbolically　 symbol (象征)＋ical(形容词词缀)＋ly(副词词缀)→以象征的方式→引申为：adv.象征性地 7．astronomer　 astro (星星)＋nom (法则)＋er(人)→研究星星法则的人→引申为：n.天文学家 8．crucial　 cruc (十字)＋ial(形容词词缀)→十字路口的关键→引申为：adj.关键的，重要的 9．officially　 offici (官方)＋al(形容词词缀)＋ly(副词词缀)→以官方的方式→引申为：adv.官方地，正式地 10．symptom　 sym (共同)＋pto (下降)＋m→共同下降→引申为：n.症状，征兆 任务(二)　短语、句式、语篇背诵 Ⅰ.短语巧学助记 1．in comparison with 与……相比 2．depend on 取决于 3．be devoted to 致力于 4．be responsible for 对……负责 5．up to 多达 6．be bound to 一定会 7．cut down on 削减，减少 8．be treated as 被看作 9．be crucial for 对……来说至关重要 10．be classified as 　 被归类为…… 11．opposed to 与……相反；反对 12．in the course of 在……过程中；在……期间 13．result in 导致；引起 14．get through 用完，耗尽；接通；(设法)处理；完成；度过，熬过 15．get over 克服；恢复；熬过 16．come up with 找出，提出，想出 17．a great deal of 大量 Ⅱ.句式遮挡背诵 1．They were the first­ever primates (the order of mammals which include apes，monkeys，and humans) to have been cloned！(the＋序数词＋n.＋to do...) 2．While some people believe it is crucial for scientific advancement，others raise moral concerns.(while 引导让步状语从句) 3．Researchers insist that the science of cloning should be further explored and advanced.(insist后接that宾语从句用虚拟语气) 4．With recent press reports drawing parallels between bird flu and killer epidemics of the past，Jim Smith looks at the sometimes depressing history of epidemics for clues about how we can create a more positive future without epidemics.(with的复合结构) 5．Scientists now estimate that up to 50% of the area's population died from the epidemic，making it one of the main causes of the fall of the Roman Empire.(现在分词短语作结果状语) 6．Having killed up to 50 million people in 18 months，the Spanish Flu is believed to have been the most severe epidemic in history.(sb/sth be believed to be/have been...某人/某物被认为是……) [遮住左栏尝试背诵] 1．它们是有史以来首次被克隆的灵长类动物(哺乳动物的一个类别，包括猿、猴子和人类)! 2．尽管有些人认为这对于科学的进步至关重要，但也有人提出了道德方面的担忧。 3．研究人员坚持认为，克隆科学应进一步得到探索与发展。 4．随着最近各种媒体报道将禽流感和过去的致命流行病相类比，吉姆·史密斯对有时令人沮丧的流行病历史进行了审视，以寻找关于我们如何创造一个更美好的没有流行病的未来的线索。 5．科学家们现在估计，该地区多达50%的人口死于这种流行病，使其成为罗马帝国衰落的主要原因之一。 6．在18个月内造成5 000万人死亡之后，西班牙流感被认为是历史上最严重的流行病。 Ⅲ.语篇词汇串记 　　In the current era，what people do hurts not only themselves but also animals，such as camels，cattle，apes and goats.In comparison with widespread traditional offline medical care，remote medical care is more crucial, which can break the barriers of time and space，and provide the best doctors and the accurate treatment for patients.But some illegal organizations, wholly ignoring the ethical principles，are buried in editing some false advertisements artificially and abusing network，providing some false clues for patients.It is bound to lead to permanent hurt to patients，which will provoke angry emotions and must be forbidden forever. To make matters worse，it is estimated that some rare animals are disappearing.There are many factors for their disappearance，and they can be roughly classified into two categories，partly because they have no capability to adapt to the environment, and partly because of human activities，which pose a threat to their habitats.It is depressing that some people kill animals because they attribute the outbreak of some diseases to the viruses these animals carry.Fortunately，most people are opposed to this practice and call for efforts to develop thorough and systematic measures to protect animals on the globe. [遮住左栏，忆加黑词汇] 在当今时代，人们的所作所为不仅伤害了自己，也伤害了动物，比如骆驼、牛、猿和山羊。与普遍的传统的线下医疗相比，远程医疗更为关键，它可以打破时间和空间的障碍，为患者提供最好的医生和准确的治疗。但一些不法组织完全无视道德原则，忙于人为编辑一些虚假广告，滥用网络，为患者提供了一些虚假线索。这势必会给病人带来永久性的伤害，会激起愤怒的情绪，必须永远禁止。 更糟糕的是，据估计一些珍稀动物正在消失。它们消失的原因有很多，大致可以分为两类，一部分原因是它们没有适应环境的能力，另一部分原因是人类活动对它们的栖息地构成了威胁。令人沮丧的是，有些人杀死动物，因为他们把一些疾病的爆发归咎于这些动物携带的病毒。幸运的是，大多数人都反对这种做法，并呼吁努力制定彻底且系统的措施来保护全球的动物。 任务(三)　背诵过关测＋练 一、单词过关测＋练 阅读词汇知其意 1．marathon 　 　 n．马拉松赛跑 2．athletics n．田径运动会 3．innovate vi.& vt.革新，创新，改革 4．vaccine n．疫苗 5．clone vt.克隆，使无性繁殖 n．克隆动物或植物，无性繁殖的个体 6．gene n．基因 7．artificially adv.人为地，虚假地 8．identical adj.完全相同的，非常相似的 9．mammal n．哺乳动物 10．camel n．骆驼 11．cattle n．牛 12．goat n．山羊 13．reproductive adj.繁殖的，生殖的 14．clue n．线索，提示 15．atom 　　 n．原子 16．organ n．器官 17．intake n．摄入量，摄取量 18．epidemic n．传染病，流行病 19．virus n．病毒 20．variation n．变化物，变体；差异，变动 21．bacteria n．细菌 22．sample n．样本，样品 vt.品尝，尝试；对……做抽样调查 23．lung n．肺 24．trial n．试验；审判，审理 25．underline vt.强调，使突出；在……之下划线 26．mineral n．矿物质；矿产 27．database n．数据库，资料库 28．astronomer n．天文学家 核心词汇写其形 Ⅰ.单词默写检测 1．justify 　　　 vt.证明……有道理，为……辩护 2．participant n．参加者，参与者 3．twin n．双胞胎中的一个 4．forever adv.永远；长久地 5．emotion n．强烈的情感，激情 6．mere adj.仅仅，只不过；极小的，极不重要的 7．abuse vt.滥用，妄用；虐待 n．滥用；虐待 8．locate vi.& vt.找出……的准确位置 9．zone 　　　　 n．地区，地带 10．officially adv.官方地，正式地 11．rare adj.稀有的，罕见的，不常发生的 12．widespread adj.分布广的，广泛流传的 13．visible adj.看得见的 14．symptom n．症状；征兆，症候 15．bury vt.埋葬，安葬；埋藏 16．outbreak n．(战争或疾病)爆发，突然发生 17．phenomenon n．现象 18．needle n．针 Ⅱ.单词语境练 19．(2024·全国甲卷)What can be learned about cats' meowing from the first paragraph (段落)? 20．(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)Daru and his team tested how well these data represent actual (实际的) global biodiversity patterns. 21．Now that you have done so much work, you're bound (很有可能) to win the speech contest. 22．Many people went to the disaster area to help the victims (受害者) as volunteers after the earthquake happened. 23．Containing (包含，容纳) rich natural and cultural relics，Mount Tai has been listed on the World Natural and Cultural Heritage List. 24．The growing speed of a plant is influenced by a number of factors (因素), most of which are beyond our control. 25．It is estimated (估计) that 80% of all conversation in English is small talk. 26．After a thorough (彻底的) search，we determined that he must have left it at the fountain. 27．Suspected (怀疑) of damaging this cultural heritage，he was arrested by the police. 28．Being equipped with global vision and the spirit of innovation is crucial (至关重要的) to China's young generation. 拓展词汇通其变 Ⅰ.词族拓展检测 1．biology n．生物学→biological adj.生物的；生物学的→biologist n．生物学家 2．physicist n．物理学家→physics n．物理学→physical adj.物理学的；身体的；物质的 3．betterment n．(个人社会和经济地位的)改良，改善，提高→better vt.改善，提高；超过；胜过 4．wholly adv.完全地→whole adj.完全的 5．accurate adj.准确的，正确的→accurately adv.准确地→accuracy n．准确性，准确度 6.nerve n．神经；焦虑，恐惧，紧张→nervous adj.紧张的 7．classify vt.将……分类；把……归入一类→classified adj.分类的；机密的→classification n．归类，分类，分级 8．opposed adj.与某事物相反；反对某事物→oppose vt.反对→opposite adj.对面的；相反的→opposition n．反对，反抗 9．corresponding adj.相应的；对应的→correspond vi.相一致；符合；类似于→correspondence n．一致；相似；相关；通信；信件 Ⅱ.词族语境练 10．From the appearance, we cannot tell the difference between the twins, though they always have some different ideas.(differ) 11．Nearly 60 participants from Beijing and neighbouring areas participated in the competition last summer.(participate) 12．On hearing the depressing news, he felt depressed and soon got into a state of depression．(depress) 13．Global warming has caused great concern and we should take effective measures to protect our globe．(globe) 14．Not knowing where his apartment is located，we decided to find the location with the help of GPS.(locate) 15．Don't compare everything you have with others'，for you will feel your life less satisfactory by comparison．(compare) 16．With steady policies，the company's exports have been increasing steadily．(steady) 17．I was blessed with a happy childhood and it was a blessing for me.(bless) 18．He is a capable leader and almost everyone admires him for his capability．(capable) 二、短语过关测＋练 短语翻译 短语语境练(选用左栏短语填空) 第一组 1．in comparison with 与……相比 2．depend on 取决于 3．be devoted to 致力于 4．be responsible for 对……负责 5．get through 用完，耗尽；接通；(设法) 处理；完成；度过，熬过 6．up to 多达 7．get over 克服；恢复；熬过 8．come up with 找出，提出，想出 第二组 9．be bound to 一定会 10．cut down on 削减，减少 11．be treated as 被看作 12．be crucial for 对……来说至关重要 13．a great deal of 大量 14．opposed to 与……相反；反对 15．in the course of 在……过程中；在……期间 16．result in 导致；引起 17.On no condition can we give up our dreams; only if we can stick to our dreams will we be able to get over all kinds of challenges. 18．Being devoted to learning a second language, whether you are old or young, will add a lot of fun to your life and broaden your horizons. 19．In comparison with Westerners, Easterners are likely to examine the eyes more attentively. 20．All of us were at a loss because unexpected difficulties arose in the course of the experiment. 21．If you expect different places to have the same food as you are accustomed to at home, then you are bound to be disappointed. 22．Getting through the first two chapters is what I will do today. 23．Keep in mind that we will be disqualified from driving for up to three years. 24．You can rely on him to come up with some good suggestions on how to solve your problem. 三、句式过关测 1．它们是有史以来首次被克隆的灵长类动物(哺乳动物的一个类别，包括猿、猴子和人类)! (the＋序数词＋n.＋to do...) They were the first­ever primates (the order of mammals which include apes，monkeys，and humans) to have been cloned! 2．尽管有些人认为这对于科学的进步至关重要，但也有人提出了道德方面的担忧。(while 引导让步状语从句) While some people believe it is crucial for scientific advancement，others raise moral concerns. 3．研究人员坚持认为，克隆科学应进一步得到探索与发展。(insist后接that宾语从句用虚拟语气) Researchers insist that the science of cloning should be further explored and advanced. 4．随着最近各种媒体报道将禽流感和过去的致命流行病相类比，吉姆·史密斯对有时令人沮丧的流行病历史进行了审视，以寻找关于我们如何创造一个更美好的没有流行病的未来的线索。(with的复合结构) With recent press reports drawing parallels between bird flu and killer epidemics of the past，Jim Smith looks at the sometimes depressing history of epidemics for clues about how we can create a more positive future without epidemics. 5．科学家们现在估计，该地区多达50%的人口死于这种流行病，使其成为罗马帝国衰落的主要原因之一。(现在分词短语作结果状语) Scientists now estimate that up to 50% of the area's population died from the epidemic，making it one of the main causes of the fall of the Roman Empire． 6．在18个月内造成5 000万人死亡之后，西班牙流感被认为是历史上最严重的流行病。(sb/sth be believed to be/have been...) Having killed up to 50 million people in 18 months，the Spanish Flu is believed to have been the most severe epidemic in history. Part 1　核心词汇——学搭配 treatment n．诊疗，治疗，疗法；对待方式(treat n．招待；款待 vt.对待；款待；请客；治疗) 【知识归纳】　 ◎under treatment 在治疗中 ◎treat sb as... 把某人看作…… ◎treat sb to sth 用某物招待某人，以某物款待某人 ◎treat sb with... 以……(方式)对待某人 【写作语料】　 ◎be under treatment for epidemic disease因流行病在接受治疗 ◎treat me as a child把我当作孩子对待 【语境运用】　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①Later，he worked in Africa，where many people suffered from blindness for lack of proper treatment (treat). ②(2022·浙江6月卷)通过社区服务，我完全意识到，我们不仅要对无家可归的人报以同情，而且应该平等地看待他们。 Through the community service，I wholly realized that not only should we treat the homeless people with compassion but we also should treat them as equals． contain vt.包含，容纳，装盛；容忍；控制(container n．容器) 【知识归纳】　 ◎contain oneself 克制自己 ◎contain one's＋excitement/anger 等表情感的名词　抑制自己的激动/愤怒等 【写作语料】　 ◎The museum contains a number of original artworks.这个博物馆收藏了大量原创艺术作品。 ◎contain 3，000 people容纳3 000人 【语境运用】　完成句子 ①当拿起奖品时，这位年轻的参赛者高兴得不能自已，笑得合不拢嘴。 When taking up the prize，the young participant couldn't contain himself for joy，grinning from ear to ear. ②他们的妈妈试图抑制自己的兴奋，但还是激动得落泪了。 Their mom tried to contain her excitement，but the glittering tears failed her. classify vt.将……分类；把……归入一类(classified adj.分类的；机密的　classification n．归类；分级；分类；类别) 【知识归纳】　 ◎classify...into... 把……分为…… ◎classify sb/sth as sth 把……划分为/界定为…… 【写作语料】　 ◎fall into different classifications分为不同的类别 ◎classify them into three major forms将他们分为三种主要类型 【语境运用】　完成语段 有人建议，当我们背诵单词时，应该把它们分成不同的类别。例如，有些词可以归类为与体育有关的词。[应用文之建议信] It is suggested that words ①(should) be classified into different categories when we learn them by heart.For instance，some words can ②be classified as sports­related words. opposed adj.与某事物相反；反对某事物，不赞成某事物(oppose vt.反对；抵制　opposite adj.对面的；相反的) 【知识归纳】　 ◎be opposed to doing sth 反对做某事 ◎oppose (doing) sth 反对(做)某事 ◎oppose sb/sb's doing sth 反对某人做某事 【写作语料】　 ◎be strongly opposed to protecting children too much强烈反对过度保护儿童 ◎oppose developing the nature reserve反对开发自然保护区 ◎oppose him/his changing the plan反对他改变计划 【语境运用】　句式升级 Because all of my friends were opposed to/opposed my plan，I couldn't resist sobbing，hiding my face in my hands.[读后续写之悲伤心理描写] →With all of my friends opposed to/opposing my plan，I couldn't resist sobbing，hiding my face in my hands.(with复合结构) →All of my friends opposed to/ opposing my plan，I couldn't resist sobbing，hiding my face in my hands.(独立主格) bury vt.(buried，buried，burying)埋葬，安葬；埋藏；隐藏；使沉浸；使专心 【知识归纳】　 ◎bury...in... 把……埋到……；使……沉浸于…… ◎bury oneself in (doing)... 埋头于/专心于…… ◎be buried in 专心于 ◎bury one's face in one's hands 双手掩面 【写作语料】　 ◎bury his head in his arms把他的头埋在胳膊里 ◎be buried in books 埋头读书 【语境运用】　完成句子 ①我每天专心读英文报并获得了丰富多彩的知识。 I bury myself in/am buried in reading the English newspaper every day and I have gained lots of colorful knowledge. ②他一屁股坐地上，双手掩面，开始伤心地哭起来。[读后续写之动作链] He flopped down on the ground, buried his face in his hands and began to weep sadly. suspect n．(犯罪)嫌疑人，可疑分子 vt.猜疑；猜想；怀疑(suspicion n．怀疑；疑心　suspicious adj.怀疑的；可疑的) 【知识归纳】　 ◎suspect sb of (doing) sth 怀疑某人(做)某事 ◎suspect sb to be/as... 怀疑某人是…… ◎be suspicious of/about... 对……怀疑 【语用点拨】　与“suspect sb of sth”结构类似的动词短语还有： ◎remind sb of sth提醒某人某事 ◎inform sb of sth告知某人某事 ◎cure sb of sth治愈某人的某种疾病 ◎accuse sb of sth指责/指控某人某事 ◎convince sb of sth劝服某人相信某事 【语境运用】　完成句子 ①他怀疑我偷了老妇人的金戒指，甚至我最好的朋友也怀疑我的正直，所以我捂着脸，无法控制地哭了起来。[读后续写之悲伤心理描写] He suspected me of stealing the old woman's gold ring and even my best friend was suspicious about my integrity，so I buried my face in my hands，sobbing uncontrollably. ②(2024·全国甲卷)中国城市共享单车的快速普及让一些人怀疑它们会取代传统交通工具。 The rapid adoption of shared bicycles in Chinese cities led some to suspect that they would replace traditional forms of transportation． estimate vt.估计；估价；估算 n．估计；估算 【知识归纳】　 ◎estimate sth at... 估计数值为 ◎be estimated to be/have 估计是/有 ◎It is estimated that... 据估计…… ◎make an estimate of 给……估价/估计 【写作语料】　 ◎estimate the crowd gathering here at 30，000估计聚集的人有3万 ◎a rough estimate of the cost 粗略估计成本 【语境运用】　完成句子 ①据估计，中国国内消费的大米有大约60%来自袁隆平的杂交水稻品种作物。 It is estimated that about 60 percent of domestic rice consumption in China is comprised of crops generated from Yuan's hybrid strains. ②要对世界上全部可用的水力作出准确的估计是困难的。 It is difficult to make an accurate estimate of the total available water power in the world. ③尽管那天风很大，我们还是到达了那座大约有700年历史的城堡。 Windy though it was that day，we arrived at the castle which was estimated to be 700 years old． Part 2　阅读词汇——善辨义 1．pose A．vi.摆姿势　B．n.姿势；姿态　C．vt.造成；引起；产生　D．vt.提出 ①(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷)Adults are portrayed(描绘) alone in many settings and poses. B ②(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)The benefits of print reading particularly shine through when experimenters move from posing simple tasks—like identifying the main idea in a reading passage—to ones that require mental abstraction—such as drawing inferences from a text. D ③How could I possibly take the time to pose for a sculpture now？ A ④(2024·新高考Ⅱ卷)This absorbing new book by Catriona Campbell is a practical roadmap addressing the challenges posed by the forthcoming AI revolution (变革). C 2．bound A．adj.必定的 B．vi.跳跃 C．adj.受约束的 ①The kangaroo bounded across the open field at incredible speed. B ②As a member of the team, you are bound by the rules and regulations. C ③With such strong evidence, the suspect is bound to be found guilty. A 3．clone A．n.复制品；翻版　B．vt.克隆， 使无性繁殖　C．n.克隆动物或植物，无性繁殖的个体 ①The idea of cloning extinct life forms still belongs to science fiction. B ②Every man wants his son to be somewhat of a clone not in features but in footsteps. A ③A clone is identical with the original animal or plant. C 4．nerve A．n.神经 B．n.勇气 C．vt.鼓足勇气 ①Once，when trying a certain trick on the beam(横杆)，I fell onto the stones，damaging a nerve in my hand. A ②With the encouragement and comfort，I finally nerved myself to bravely face the barrier. C ③I was going to have a go at parachuting but lost my nerve at the last minute. B 巧借前缀under­推测词义 前缀under­：表示“在……下；不足，不够；副手” 本单元：under­(在……下)＋line(线)→vi.underline (在字底下)划线→强调，使突出 1．(2024·浙江1月卷)Jessica Pink，an undergraduate student，suggests taking online courses with a friend，so you can motivate each other to stay on track.n.本科生 2．(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)Some people will tend to overestimate, and some to underestimate.vt.低估；对……估计不足 3．Research shows that underprivileged individuals may experience higher levels of stress and anxiety due to their socioeconomic conditions.adj.被剥夺基本权力的，穷困的，下层社会的 4．Many underdeveloped countries face significant challenges in providing basic healthcare and education to their populations.adj.(国家或地区)不发达的，经济落后的 5．The journalist's understatement regarding the impact of the disaster was criticized, as many felt it downplayed the severity of the situation.n.保守的陈述；轻描淡写 6．Research has shown that students who experience anxiety may underachieve academically, despite having the potential to excel.vi.未展现实力，未能发挥潜能 Part 3　经典句式——会表达 句式：the＋序数词＋n.＋to do... 【教材原句】　They were the first­ever primates (the order of mammals which include apes，monkeys，and humans) to have been cloned! 它们是有史以来首次被克隆的灵长类动物(哺乳动物的一个类别，包括猿、猴子和人类)! 【知识归纳】 句中不定式短语to have been cloned作后置定语，修饰the first­ever primates。当中心词是序数词或被序数词修饰时，常用不定式(短语)作后置定语。英语中常用不定式(短语)作后置定语的情况： 【写作佳句】　 ①Afterwards, the USSR focused on sending people into space, and on 12 April 1961, Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world to enter space. 后来苏联专注于载人太空飞行，1961年4月12日，尤里·加加林成为世界上第一个进入太空的人。 ②The ability to express an idea is as important as the idea itself. 表达观点的能力与观点本身同等重要。 ③Flying is the best way to travel. 乘飞机是最好的旅行方式。 ④As a matter of fact，we all have something to be grateful for in our daily life，but sometimes we just don't realize it. 事实上，我们在日常生活中都有值得感激的事情，但有时我们只是没有意识到。 【仿写借鉴】　 ①(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)虽然大卫是最后一个越过终点线的参与者，但他并不沮丧，相反，他的脸上绽放出胜利的光芒。 Though David was the last participant to cross the finish line，he was not depressed and instead，his face lit up with victory. ②他相信他有能力帮助伯纳德脱离困境。 He was convinced that he had the ability to help Bernard out of the difficulty． ③我能说一口流利的英语，而且我是班上唯一一个出国深造的学生。毫无疑问我是负责这项工作的最佳人选。[应用文之申请信] I can speak fluent English and I am the only student in my class to go abroad for further study.There is no doubt that I am the best person to take charge of the job． 句式：现在分词短语作结果状语 【教材原句】　Scientists now estimate that up to 50% of the area's population died from the epidemic，making it one of the main causes of the fall of the Roman Empire.现在科学家们估计，该地区多达50%的人口死于这种流行病，使其成为罗马帝国衰落的主要原因之一。 【知识归纳】 ◎句中的making it one of the main causes of the fall of the Roman Empire是现在分词短语作结果状语，表示意料、情理之中的结果； ◎动词不定式也可作结果状语，一般放在句子后面，且常表示出乎意料的结果，常与only，just等词连用。 【写作佳句】　 ①Jane stamped her feet into the forest angrily，only to find that she couldn't identify direction.Worse still，it rained heavily suddenly，making it more difficult to find her way out of the unfamiliar forest. 简气呼呼地走进森林，却发现自己认不清方向。更糟糕的是，天突然下起了大雨，使她更难找到离开这片陌生森林的路。 ②First of all，I speak fluent English，permitting me to communicate with visitors without difficulty. 首先，我能说流利的英语，使我可以毫无困难地与来访者交流。[应用文之申请信] 【仿写借鉴】　 ①我相信这段经历也会对你有益，使你的交换生生活更加丰富多彩和更有意义。 I believe the experience will also be beneficial to you，making your life as an exchange student more colourful and rewarding． ②我想写信告诉你，我们对你的服务非常失望。 我们提前预订了桌子，但是当我们按预定的时间赶去那里的时候，却被告知没有座位了。 I am writing to tell you that we were quite disappointed with your service.We had booked a table, but when we went there at the time as arranged, only to be told there were no seats available． Ⅰ.核心词汇专练——单句语法填空 1．The talented girl has suffered from a strange disease，but now she is under treatment (treat) and her health has gradually (gradual) picked up. 2．Buried (bury) in his book，the athlete didn't notice me when I slid (slide) into the room. 3．Sichuan Province，located (locate) in southwestern part of China，enjoys many world­famous places of interest，such as Jiuzhaigou and Dujiangyan Irrigation Project. 4．The government advocates classifying rubbish into four categories：recyclable waste，unrecyclable waste，hazardous waste and other waste. 5．Some students do realize they are blessed with the opportunity to study in the bright and spacious classrooms，however，others take it for granted. 6．Feeling the depressing (depress) atmosphere in the room，my neighbour comforted me by patting me on the shoulder. 7．Now that you have done so much work，you are bound to win (win) the speech contest. 8．It is estimated (estimate) that the project will last four years，generating a lot of benefits. 9．Comparing (compare) all the great people with each other, you'll find that they have much in common. 10．The scholar，who is said to have graduated (graduate) from Cambridge University，will give us a lecture about English poetry. 11．It struck me that I could treat the girl to an absorbing drama in return for her help. 12．I suspect the so­called poet of copying others' poems but I have no solid evidence. 13．In spite of the icy cold weather，my mother is the first to get (get) up to prepare breakfast. 14．They believed that what they were doing was vital for the betterment (better) of society. 15．While the majority of the students agree to pull the curtain aside，others are opposed (oppose) to it. Ⅱ.阅读词汇猜词——熟词生义、派生与合成 写出黑体单词在句中的词性及汉语释义 1．She calculated that going to a stranger's house was a risky move, but she decided to take the chance.vt.认为 2．Martin would be a good judge，I thought.He was calm and thorough.adj.细心的 3．He's just clued me in on the latest developments so I can be informed of it.vt.提供最新信息 4．(2023·全国甲卷)By the early 1970s，after centuries of cruel and continuous hunting by settlers，600 to 800 grizzlies remained on a mere 2 percent of their former range in the Northern Rockies.adj.仅仅 5．(天津7月卷)He pulls out a special device，points it at the suspect，and switches it on.n.嫌疑犯 6．I sampled the delights of Greek cooking for the first time.vt.品尝；体验 7．Learning that he was appointed as head of the team，he couldn't contain his excitement and danced into the house.vt.克制，抑制(感情) 8．I got up early to catch the train that was bound for Shanghai.adj.开往 9．It is because more life experience may help people better identify priorities in life. vt.识别 10．(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)We were particularly interested in exploring the aspects of sampling that tend to bias (使有偏差) data, like the greater likelihood of a citizen scientist to take a picture of a flowering plant instead of the grass right next to it. ◎likely“可能的”＋­hood“表示情况，状态，性质，身份等”→likelihood n．可能(性) 11．(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)Biodiversity apps can use our study results to inform users of oversampled areas and lead them to places—and even species—that are not well­sampled. ◎over­ “过度， 过分”＋sample “样品， 标本”＋­ed→oversampled adj.过度采样的 12．(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)I've been motivated—and demotivated—by other folks' achievements all my life. ◎de­“去掉”＋motivate“作为……的动力， 使具有……的动机”→demotivate vt.使失去动力 13．(2022·浙江6月卷)Subjects who practiced the language moderately beforehand made few errors than those who practiced extensively or not at all. ◎before“在……之前”＋hand“手”→beforehand adv.预先，事先 14．Off­task behaviour defined as behaviours not related to classroom objectives, rules or lessons may include：texting in class, doodling and talking to the person beside you. ◎off“不在……上，离开”＋task“任务”→off­task adj.开小差的；注意力不集中的 (一)应用文写作 [短文——克隆技术的利弊] 你校本周英语角的主题是“克隆技术的利弊”。请你写一篇短文，在英语角上与同学们分享。 选用本单元所学知识和右栏词块翻译句子 第一段：开篇点题，简单介绍克隆技术 1．随着科技的发展，克隆已经成为一个热门话题。(with复合结构) With science and technology developing，clone has become a hot topic． 2．克隆是通过自然或人为的方式，对植物或动物进行精确复制、培育的过程。自然克隆的一个例子是同卵双胞胎，它们是由同一个卵子受精产生的。(非限制性定语从句) Cloning is the process of making an exact copy of a plant or animal and developing it either naturally or artificially.An example of natural cloning is identical twins，who are produced from the same egg. 第二段：人们对克隆技术的不同观点 3．一些人认为克隆有助于节省研究时间，减少实验所需动物的数量，使实验结果更准确、治疗方法更有效。 Some people think cloning can help save research time, reduce the number of animals required for testing, produce more accurate results, and lead to more effective treatments. 4．一些人反对在我们的生活中使用克隆，他们担心它引发伦理问题。 Others are opposed to cloning being used in our life and they worry about the ethical issues it raises. 第三段：个人看法 5．我认为，克隆是一种强有力的工具。怎样使用它，究竟是给人类带来幸福还是带来祸根，完全取决于人类自己，而不取决于克隆。 As far as I am concerned, cloning is a powerful instrument.How it is used and whether it is a blessing or a curse to mankind depend on mankind and not on cloning. [构建语义场——人类生物学技术] ①head 头 ②brain 脑 ③hair 头发 ④forehead 额 ⑤eyebrow 眉毛 ⑥cheek 面颊 ⑦lip 嘴唇 ⑧tooth 牙齿 ⑨chin 下巴 ⑩think about 考虑 ⑪make decisions做决定 ⑫memorise facts/events记住事实/事件 ⑬be lost in thought陷入沉思 ⑭make a judgement做判断 ⑮predict the future预测未来 ⑯solve the problem解决问题 ⑰make new inventions 创造新发明 ⑱find cure for diseases找到治愈疾病的方法 ⑲serve people服务人民 ⑳genetic material遗传物质 ㉑medical researchers医学研究者 ㉒n favour of支持，赞同 ㉓be against＝be opposed to反对 ㉔the development of science and technology科技的发展 ㉕become a hot topic 成为一个热门话题 ㉖lead to more effective treatments带来更有效的治疗 ㉗a curse to mankind人类的灾祸 (二)读后续写 [人物介绍＋动作描写之跑、走、冲] Ⅰ.教材语料积累 词汇 [情感描写]　emotion；ethical；inferior；blessing；nerve；opposed；depressing [动作描写]　justify；infer；calculate；innovate；abuse；locate；classify；estimate；bury；underline；identify；suspect 佳句 1．Centuries later，the Great Flu Epidemic of 1918，also called the Spanish Flu，struck near the end of World War Ⅰ.(拟人) 2．SARS was examined by scientists，who were confused by this new disease and wanted to learn more about it and its causes.(情感描写) 3．It(The DNA detective) has been one of the key weapons for unsolved cases.(比喻) Ⅱ.拓展语料背诵 词汇 skip蹦跳着走　run 跑　race赛跑　jog慢跑　fly飞奔　approach接近，靠近　drag 拖着(受伤的脚或腿)行走　dance跳跃，雀跃　jump 跳，跃　escape逃跑　flee逃走　rush迅速移动　dash猛冲，急奔　stride 大步走　stroll/wander 漫步，闲逛　dart 飞奔，猛冲　march 行军，快步走　tiptoe 蹑手蹑脚，轻手轻脚地走　stagger摇摇晃晃地走　stumble 跌跌撞撞地走　trot 小跑，快步，疾走　pace up and down踱来踱去dash/rush for向……冲去　steal/slide/creep into溜进 佳句 1．No longer hesitating，he jumped off the truck and flew towards the building like an arrow.(动作描写) 他不再犹豫，跳下卡车，像箭一样飞向大楼。 2．The man dashed/rushed for the exit，and escaped in great panic．那人向出口冲去，慌慌张张地逃走了。 3．Racing/Dashing/Running home，he burst into the bedroom，picked up my purse and charged out.(现在分词短语作状语)(动作链描写)他飞奔着跑回家，冲进卧室，拿起我的钱包冲了出去。 4．He started pacing up and down the room with a frown on his face.他皱着眉头在房间里踱来踱去。 Ⅲ.语料综合运用 　　汤姆·史密斯是一个17岁的男孩，他有幸拥有一个大家庭，除了他之外，所有家庭成员都有一些乐器天赋。他曾经怀疑自己可能不属于这个家庭，觉得自己可能是被收养的。一天，他皱着眉头在房间里踱来踱去，这时突然想到了一个主意。他应该秘密进行一次DNA检测以证明自己的身份。于是，那天下午，在院子里慢跑后，他踮着脚尖来到卧室，试图找到一些他父母的头发。经过仔细搜索，他终于找到了一些并迅速逃离，他的心脏剧烈跳动。他一逃离家就立即赶往医院。他把样本交给了医生，并被要求次日取结果。他感到宽慰和自由，在附近的公园里停了下来，悠闲地闲逛，自言自语地说：“真相很快就会水落石出。”第二天，他忐忑不安，匆匆赶往医院，拿到了基因鉴定证书。“谢天谢地！我是一个真正的史密斯家族成员。” 　　Tom Smith is a 17­year­old boy ①who is blessed with a big family where all family members are gifted in some musical instruments except him.②He once suspected that he may not belong to the family，or maybe he was just the adopted one.One day，he ③was pacing up and down the room with a frown on his face when suddenly an idea struck him.He should secretly make a DNA detection to justify his identity.So，that afternoon，④after jogging in the yard，he tiptoed to the bedroom，trying to find some hairs from his parents.After a careful search，he managed to find some，and ⑤escaped quickly with his heart pounding wildly．The moment ⑥he fled out of home，he rushed to the hospital without delay．He submitted the sample to the doctor and was asked to pick the result the next day.Feeling relieved and free，he stopped in the nearby park，⑦wandering leisurely，saying to himself，“The truth will soon come out.”The next day，having butterflies in his stomach，⑧he hurried to the hospital and got the gene identification certificate.“Thank goodness！I am indeed a real Smith.” A卷 (时间：30分钟　满分：40分) Ⅰ.阅读理解(共11小题，每小题2.5分，共27.5分) A (2025·豫西北教研联盟第一次质量检测)Are you dreaming of conquering Mount Kilimanjaro, but not sure which route to take? Here's an overview of four Kilimanjaro routes for you. Marangu Route The Marangu Route, also known as the “Coca­Cola Route”，is distinguished by its cottage accommodations and is a popular choice for climbers aiming to reach the top of Kilimanjaro. Providing a more comfortable option compared to camping, these simple cottages offer basic facilities and can be a welcoming sight after a day of challenging hiking. Machame Route The Machame Route, often referred to as the “Whiskey Route”，is famous for its splendid landscapes and challenging summit (顶峰) night that tests climbers' determination and tolerance. The night before the summit push is a laborious test，characterized by sharp, rocky terrain(地形)and freezing temperatures, where climbers rely on their mental strength and physical preparedness to overcome the final barriers to Uhuru Peak. Lemosho Route The Lemosho Route offers breathtaking scenic views and owns one of the highest summit success rates among the Kilimanjaro routes, making it a favorite among climbers. What sets the Lemosho Route apart is its gradual ascent (上升) profile, allowing climbers to accustom themselves effectively and increase their chances of reaching the summit successfully. Rongai Route The Rongai Route provides a quiet hiking experience, allowing climbers to adapt gradually while impressing themselves with the untouched wilderness of Kilimanjaro's northern slopes. Adaptation becomes more manageable due to the route's gentle ascent, allowing climbers to adjust to the increasing height comfortably.The unique advantage of this path is its relatively lower traffic, providing a peaceful experience in harmony with nature's rhythms. [语篇解读]本文是应用文。文章介绍了乞力马扎罗山的四条登山路线。 1．What makes Marangu Route special? A．The accommodations. B．The free Coca­Cola． C．The camping sight. D．The challenging hiking. A　[细节理解题。根据Marangu Route部分的“The Marangu Route...is a popular choice for climbers aiming to reach the top of Kilimanjaro”可知，Marangu路线以其小屋住宿而闻名，是旨在到达乞力马扎罗山山顶的登山者的热门选择。故选A项。] 2．What is most required when you choose Machame Route? A．Climbing equipment. B．Help of Whiskey. C．Teamwork of climbers. D．Strong willpower. D　[推理判断题。根据题干将答案定位至Machame Route部分。根据“The night before the summit push is a laborious test...overcome the final barriers to Uhuru Peak”可知，登顶前一晚是一个艰苦的考验，其特征是陡峭的岩石地形和低温，登山者要依靠他们的精神力量和身体准备来克服通往Uhuru Peak的最后障碍。由此可推知，选择Machame 路线需要坚强的意志力。故选D项。] 3．What do the last two routes have in common? A．They have low traffic． B．They offer vast wilderness. C．They are easier to adapt to. D．They are planned for the old. C　[细节理解题。根据Lemosho Route部分的“What sets the Lemosho Route apart is...increase their chances of reaching the summit successfully”可知，Lemosho路线的独特之处在于它的渐进式上升，使登山者能够有效地适应并增加他们成功登顶的机会。根据Rongai Route部分的“Adaptation becomes...adjust to the increasing height comfortably”可知，Rongai路线上升平缓，使登山者能够舒适地适应不断增加的高度。由此可知，这两条路线都更容易适应。故选C项。] B (2025·南充市高考适应性考试)We've all been there: lying in bed wide awake and desperately wondering how to get to dreamland.While having trouble drifting off to sleep isn't unusual, it still can be frustrating.Fortunately sleep experts are gaining an increasingly strong understanding of what's happening in the brain during the process. Falling asleep is a big shift for your brain.This switch is governed in part by environmental cues, such as light or temperature.A hot summer night or a bright streetlamp beside the window can interfere(干扰).The process of nodding off can also be affected by your emotions. “You need to feel both physically and psychologically safe to sleep，”says Roxanne Prichard, a neuroscientist at the University of St.Thomas, Minnesota．“If you are sleeping next to someone you don't trust, if you're worried that the newborn that you're caring for might stop breathing, it's going to be hard to fall asleep.” One of the recommendations to address insomnia (失眠症) is getting out of bed and sitting somewhere quietly with dull light and just relaxing, doing something boring.You could use the time to read, listen to calming music, or do breathing exercises—anything that slows and comforts your body and mind.But avoid snacking, exercise and screens. It's also important to resist the urge to concentrate on your worries, especially in the middle of the night.Not only will those thoughts keep you awake, you also probably won't make much progress on what's keeping you up because your prefrontal cortex (前额叶皮质)，a part of the brain that is good at planning and analysis, doesn't function well for the poor blood supply at night. Keep it in mind that even if your night's rest is incomplete, avoid the urge to make up for it by sleeping in or napping the next day.“If you nap during the day, especially longer naps, then your brain gets few signals of sleep and will be less likely to fall asleep quickly at bedtime，”says Prichard.If losing sleep interferes with your ability to function during the day, which could indicate something physiological is at play, seeing a doctor would be necessary. [语篇解读]本文是说明文。本文主要介绍了影响睡眠的因素以及改善睡眠的建议。 4．Which of the following is most likely to cause trouble in sleep? A．A slow soft tune. B．A dull streetlamp. C．A cool summer night. D．A two­day­old baby. D　[推理判断题。第三段提到“if you're worried that the newborn that you're caring for might stop breathing, it's going to be hard to fall asleep”，即如果你担心你照顾的新生儿可能会停止呼吸，那么入睡将会很困难，由此可推知，身边有一个两天大的婴儿最可能导致睡眠问题。故选D。文章第二段提到环境因素和个人情绪都会影响睡眠，根据其中的第三句可以排除B、C两项。第四段提到处理失眠的方法，其中包括听令人平静的音乐，排除A项。] 5．Why is it hard to make much progress on the concerns in the middle of the night? A．The resistance may make people worried. B．The brain can't plan and analyze problems. C．The prefrontal cortex works less efficiently. D．The problems may keep people awake. C　[细节理解题。根据第五段中的“you also probably won't make much progress...doesn't function well for the poor blood supply at night”可知，在让你夜不能寐的问题上，你很可能也无法取得太多进展，因为你的前额叶皮质在夜间血液供应不足时无法很好地运行，它是大脑中的一个擅长规划和分析的部位，故选C。选项中的“works less efficiently”是对文中的“doesn't function well”的同义转换。] 6．What's Prichard's attitude towards naps in the day for night's incomplete rest? A．Opposed. B．Ambiguous. C．Supportive. D．Neutral. A　[观点态度题。根据最后一段中的“‘If you nap during the day...will be less likely to fall asleep quickly at bedtime，’ says Prichard”可知，Prichard认为，如果你在白天打盹，特别是长时间的打盹，你的大脑得到的睡眠信号就会很少，该睡觉时就更不可能迅速入睡，即白天打盹可能造成晚上入睡困难。由此可判断，Prichard 对于因夜晚休息不好而在白天打盹是不支持的态度。故选A。] 7．What's the author's purpose in writing this passage? A．To highlight the negative effects of sleep loss. B．To illustrate the process of falling asleep in the brain. C．To explain the causes of poor sleep and offer solutions. D．To discuss the importance of a good sleep environment. C　[写作意图题。文章主要介绍了影响睡眠的因素以及处理失眠的建议。因此，文章的目的是“解释睡眠不佳的原因并提供解决方案”，故选C。A项“强调睡眠不足的负面影响”；B项“说明大脑的入睡过程”；D项“讨论良好睡眠环境的重要性”。] C (2025·南京市学情调研)Somewhere in the sky, lightning is forming.Although the possibility of getting struck in your lifetime is roughly 1 in 12，000, a human does provide an attractive target for lightning bolts (闪电).Here's what you should expect if you ever find yourself in the path of lightning. A lot can happen in the three milliseconds it takes for a lightning bolt to course through your body.Lightning strikes may leave you with deep wounds, often accompanied with third­degree burns.Your clothes might even be torn by the explosive force of the surrounding air being superheated to up to 27, 700 ℃.Blood vessels (血管) exploding from the electric shock and heat often create something called a Lichtenberg figure on your skin.This is a pattern of scars(伤疤)that branches out across your body like a tree. But it doesn't end there.You might also be faced with a lifetime of neurological(神经系统的)conditions for reasons that scientists still don't fully understand.It's also possible that you will suffer pain. In some cases, however, a lightning strike can lead to strange super talents.In a blog post, University of Miami neuroscientist Berit Brogaard writes about an incident where a surgeon who was struck by lightning developed an urge to learn to play the piano.He began to compose music he had started hearing in his head since the strike.This type of phenomenon confuses scientists. One theory that Brogaard says is that cell death caused by being struck by lightning could cause a one­time flooding of the brain with neurotransmitters (神经递质) that are released from the dying neurons (神经元).This causes a rewiring of neurons, providing access to areas of the brain that were previously inaccessible. Cool as it would be, you shouldn't count on lightning turning you into a genius in one flash.Most of its results are painful, and could stay with you for the rest of your life. [语篇解读]本文是说明文。人一生中被闪电击中的可能性大约是1/12 000，被闪电击中可能对人体产生重大影响，不仅仅是身体伤害，还可能是终身的神经系统疾病。此处，被闪电击中后也有可能获得以往没有的超能力。 8．What can we learn from the first two paragraphs? A．1 in 12, 000 may die from lightning bolts. B．Lightning attacks can heat bodies to 27, 700℃. C．Branching scars are typical after lightning attacks. D．Humans are the most likely target for lightning bolts. C　[细节理解题。根据第二段的“Blood vessels (血管) exploding from the electric shock and heat often create something called a Lichtenberg figure...branches out across your body like a tree”可知，血管在电击和高温下爆裂，通常会在皮肤上形成一种叫做利希腾贝格图的东西。这是一种伤疤的图案，像树一样在身体上伸展开来。由此可知，分支形伤疤是闪电击中后的典型特征，故选C。] 9．What happened to the surgeon after the strike? A．His unexplored brain areas were activated. B．His brain was left in a fixed state of death. C．He suffered a lifetime of neurological pain. D．He recalled hidden memories about music． A　[推理判断题。第四段提到一位被闪电击中的外科医生产生了学习弹钢琴的冲动，开始创作自从被击中以来他脑海中一直听到的音乐。第五段解释了被闪电击中导致的细胞死亡可能会导致大脑中一次性充斥着神经递质，这些神经递质是从死亡的神经元中释放出来的。这会导致神经元的重新布线，为以前无法进入的大脑区域提供通道。由此可推知，被闪电击中后，这位外科医生以往未被开发的大脑区域被激活了。故选A。B项“他的大脑处于一种固定的死亡状态”；C项“他一生遭受着神经系统上的疼痛”；D项“他回忆起关于音乐的隐藏记忆”。] 10．What does the underlined word “This”refer to in Paragraph 5? A．The cell death due to lightning strikes. B．The flooding of brain's neurotransmitters. C．The rewiring of brain neurons. D．The release of dying neurons. B　[词句猜测题。根据语境可知，此处“This”指代上文提到的名词短语“a one­time flooding of the brain with neurotransmitters (神经递质)”，即大脑神经递质的泛滥。故选B。] 11．What is the text mainly about? A．The process of lightning formation. B．The chances of surviving a lightning strike. C．The possibility of lightning making a genius. D．The consequences of being struck by lightning. D　[主旨大意题。本文主要讲述了被闪电击中的后果，故选D。A项“闪电形成的过程”；B项“在雷击中幸存的机会”；C项“闪电造就天才的可能性”。] Ⅱ.阅读七选五(共5小题，每小题2.5分，共12.5分) (2025·安徽合肥适应性联考)Stanford researchers have found that students from middle school to college are struggling to assess the credibility of the online articles.Here are a few practices recommended by the researchers. 1( )．Established news organizations usually have standard addresses that you are probably familiar with.So addresses with such strange endings like www.xxcom.com should put you on your guard.2( )．This is necessary even when the pages on the websites look familiar and professional. Look at the quotes in a story.Or rather, look at the lack of quotes.Most reliable publications quote multiple sources who are professionals in the fields they talk about.3( )． Search for the images in the story.Pictures should be accurate in illustrating what the story is about.However, this often doesn't happen.If people who write the news story don't even leave their homes or interview anyone for the story, it's unlikely that they take their own pictures.4( )．You can do this by right­clicking on the images and choosing to search for them.If the pictures appear in a lot of stories about many different topics, there's a good chance that the story is unreliable. Stop the spreading of misinformation.If you see your friends sharing obviously unreliable information, kindly tell them it's not real.5( )．Everyone should help fix the misinformation problem. A．Check your articles B．Pay attention to the spelling of the website address C．Then you need to dig around more to see if they can be trusted D．If you do these steps, you're helping yourself and the publisher E．Do a little detective work and search for the photos in a search engine F．If it's a serious issue, they are usually supported by more reliable sources G．Don't shy away from these warnings even if they might be uncomfortable [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了几个辨别网络文章可靠性的方法。 1．B　[根据空后“Established news organizations usually have standard addresses that you are probably familiar with.So addresses with...”及其他细节可知，这一段主要是建议读者留意网址拼写是否合规，故B项“注意网站地址的拼写”适合作主题句。故选B。] 2．C　[上文提到了奇怪结尾的网址，后文提到了某种做法是必要的，可知本句是在说明具体做法。故C项“你还得深入研究一下这些网站是否值得信赖”符合语境。故选C。] 3．F　[本段主要建议通过引用来判断，F选项中sources对应上文sources。故F项“如果文章讨论的问题很重要，文章会引用更多、更可靠的信息来源”符合语境。故选F。] 4．E　[本段主要建议搜索图片，且后文提到了搜索方法，E选项中search for the photos对应search for them。故E项“做一点侦查工作，在搜索引擎上搜索这些照片”符合语境。故选E。] 5．G　[上文谈到发现朋友传播明显不可靠的信息时要及时阻止，空后“Everyone should help fix the misinformation problem.”则说我们每个人都有义务阻止不可靠信息的传播。故G项“尽管这种谈话会让人不痛快，我们也得提醒”正好起到了过渡作用。故选G。] B卷 (时间：30分钟　满分：40分) Ⅰ.阅读理解(共4小题，每小题2.5分，共10分) (2025·杭州市高三质量检测)For many, travel isn't just about the destination—it's about making the most of the journey.However, for a lot of people, the journey is often ruined by an uncomfortable experience often accompanied by vomiting, known as motion sickness.If you've ever felt the unwelcome urge to vomit while reading or using your device in a moving vehicle, you're not alone.Recognizing this common issue, a company has stepped up to offer a revolutionary solution: the Vehicle Motion Cues feature. Motion sickness occurs when there is a disconnection between what your eyes see and what your body feels.When you're in a moving vehicle, your body senses motion through its vestibular system (the inner ear), but if your eyes are focused on a still screen that doesn't reflect this movement, the brain receives mixed signals.This sensory conflict can lead to dizziness, nausea, and overall discomfort—symptoms all too familiar to motion sickness sufferers. The new Vehicle Motion Cues feature is designed to bridge this gap and bring relief to those likely to experience motion sickness.This revolutionary feature works by displaying animated dots, around the edges of your screen, which move at the same time and speed as the motion of your vehicle.These moving cues help keep the motion your body feels in line with what your eyes see, effectively reducing the sensory mismatch that causes motion sickness. The magic lies in the simplicity and effectiveness.The animated dots move in consistency with the vehicle's motion, providing a visual representation of the movement your body is experiencing.By matching the visual input with the physical sensations of motion, your brain is less likely to experience the confusion that leads to sickness. Early reports and user feedback indicate that Vehicle Motion Cues is receiving high praise for its effectiveness.So next time you embark on a journey, whether short or long, remember that the company has got your back—or rather, your brain—helping you make the most of every mile with ease and comfort. [语篇解读]本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了晕动病和一家公司新设计的创新性解决方案——Vehicle Motion Cues。该方案可缓解晕动症情况，帮助你轻松舒适地乘车。 1．Which type of people can be interested in Vehicle Motion Cues? A．Frequent travelers. B．Book lovers. C．Vehicle operators. D．Sport scientists. A　[推理判断题。根据第一段中的“However，for a lot of people...vomiting, known as motion sickness”可知，对于很多人来说，旅程经常被一种不舒服的经历破坏，这种经历通常伴随着呕吐，也被称为晕动病。然后下文谈到一家公司提供了一个革命性的解决方案——Vehicle Motion Cues 功能。所以可推知，一些经常出差的人会对Vehicle Motion Cues感兴趣，故选A。] 2．What is Paragraph 2 mainly about? A．The principle of the new design. B．The cause of motion sickness. C．The functions of the new design. D．The symptoms of motion sickness. B　[段落大意题。根据第二段内容可知，当你的眼睛看到的和身体感觉到的之间产生脱节时，就会发生晕动病。当你在移动的车上时，你的身体通过前庭系统感受到了移动，但若你的眼睛专注于一个静止的、不反映该移动的屏幕，大脑接收到的信号就会很乱，这种感官冲突可导致晕动病症状。故可知，本段主要讲述晕动病的原因。故选B。] 3．By displaying animated dots around the screen, Vehicle Motion Cues is able to ． A．ease sensory conflicts in the brain B．tell the mismatched physical sensations C．balance the movement of our eyes and body D．increase the effectiveness of vehicle motion A　[细节理解题。根据第三段内容可知，Vehicle Motion Cues通过在屏幕边缘显示动画点(这些点的移动时间和速度与车辆的运动相同)而发挥作用。这些移动线索有助于使你身体感觉到的移动与你的眼睛所看到的保持一致，从而有效减少导致晕动病的感官冲突。也就是说通过在屏幕边缘展示移动的动画点，Vehicle Motion Cues能够缓解那些有晕动病的人大脑中的感官冲突，故选A。A项“缓解大脑中的感官冲突”；B项“识别不匹配的身体感觉”；C项“平衡我们的眼睛和身体的运动”；D项“增加车辆运动的有效性”。] 4．Which can be the best title of the passage? A．Make the Most of Your Journey: A Company Bridges the Gap B．Find the Magic of a Moving Vehicle: A Company's Got Your Back C．Enjoy Your Reading: A Company Offers a Revolutionary Solution D．Say Goodbye to Motion Sickness: A Company Introduces Its New Design D　[标题归纳题。本文第一段引入话题——晕动病及一家公司提供的革命性解决方案——Vehicle Motion Cues，接下来主要谈到Vehicle Motion Cues的工作原理、奇妙之处及市场反响等。故本文主要讲述了一个公司的新设计——能够缓解晕动病的Vehicle Motion Cues。所以选D。] Ⅱ.完形填空(共15小题，每小题1分，共15分) (2025·石家庄市普通高中学校毕业年级教学摸底检测)While boarding the plane, I felt an excitement rise in me.I was about to realize a dream—travelling abroad alone for the first time.And I had the 1 to go! It was a mixture of pride, recognition and admiration for myself. Landing at the San Francisco airport, I realized：I would have to 2 myself in this totally strange city.But I was not afraid.I was going to take advantage of every 3 ．The question that 4 me most before the departure was: Am I really going to be alone? 5 ，this first solo trip also was the first trip during which I 6 many people: travelers of all ages, all styles and all origins.I have 7 been alone, even when I was desperate to sit quietly and read a book. I'm not saying that I never felt alone or afraid.Surely, there were times when I imagined how 8 it would have been with my family, especially when I got lost while trying to find my hotel, and when I travelled on a night bus next to a man who kept talking to me, which was so 9 that I could hardly sleep. This trip gave me enormous 10 and all the doubts and fears before the departure had 11 ．Throughout my 12 there, I only felt huge positive energy! It was a very well­planned trip but it was still the most 13 journey I ever had! However hard we try to 14 the trip, there will always be surprises and accidents.Now I do 15 what a “rich and unforgettable experience”is. [语篇解读]本文是议论文。文章主要讲述了作者第一次独自出国旅行的经历。尽管作者在出发之前有各种疑虑和担忧，但这次旅行让作者遇见了很多人，感受到很多正能量，让作者意识到，不管旅程计划得多好，旅途中总有各种惊喜和意外，作者也明白了什么是一次丰富且难忘的经历。 1． A．priority B．freedom C．excuse D．urge D　[根据上文的“I felt an excitement rise in me”和下文的“It was a mixture of pride, recognition and admiration for myself”(这是一种对自己既骄傲、认可又钦佩的感觉)可推断出，作者有强烈的欲望(urge)去独自旅行。priority“优先事项，最重要的事，首要事情”；excuse“借口，理由”。] 2． A．look for B．rely on C．trust in D．reflect upon B　[根据上文的“travelling abroad alone for the first time”、下文的“in this totally strange city”和常识可知，作者独自一人出国旅行，在这个完全陌生的城市，作者必须依靠(rely on)自己。look for“期望，期待，盼望”；trust in“相信”；reflect upon“仔细考虑”。] 3． A．message B．flight C．moment D．platform C　[根据上文的“But I was not afraid”并结合选项可知，虽然作者独自一人出国旅行，但作者并不感到害怕，而是决定利用好每个时刻(moment)去感受旅程。platform“平台”。] 4． A．bothered B．interested C．threatened D．comforted A　[根据后文的“Am I really going to be alone？”可知，“我真的要一个人吗？”是出发前最困扰(bothered)作者的问题。threaten“威胁，恐吓”；comfort“安慰，抚慰，宽慰”。] 5． A．Initially B．Strangely C．Absolutely D．Hopefully B　[根据下文的“this first solo trip also was the first trip during which I 6 many people：travelers of all ages, all styles and all origins”可知，令人不可思议的是(Strangely)，第一次的独自出国旅行也是作者第一次遇到很多人的旅行。initially“开始，最初，起初”；absolutely“绝对地，完全地”。] 6． A．assisted B．amused C．encountered D．guided C　[根据后文的“travelers of all ages, all styles and all origins”和常识可知，作者遇见(encountered)了各种年龄、各种风格、各种出身的旅行者。assist“帮助”；amuse“逗笑，逗乐”；guide“指引”。] 7． A．finally B．rarely C．apparently D．basically B　[上文讲作者第一次独自出国旅行，故此处表示作者(之前)很少(rarely)独自一人，即使是在作者非常想安静地坐着看书的时候。apparently“看来，显然”；basically“大体上，基本上”。] 8． A．awkward B．stressful C．complex D．different D　[上文讲作者独自一人出国旅行，再根据下文的“it would have been with my family”可知，和家人一起旅行的感受应该是不同的(different)。awkward“令人尴尬的，使人难堪的”；stressful“压力重的，紧张的”；complex“复杂的，难懂的”。] 9． A．annoying B．appealing C．frightening D．inspiring A　[根据上文的“a man who kept talking to me”并结合常识可知，当作者乘坐夜班公共汽车时，旁边的一个男士不停地和作者说话，这让作者很恼火(annoying)，几乎无法入睡。appealing“有吸引力的，有趣的”；frightening“引起恐惧的，使惊恐的，骇人的”；inspiring“鼓舞人心的，启发灵感的”。] 10．A．energy B．warmth C．enjoyment D．honor C　[根据下文的“I only felt huge positive energy”可知，在这次旅行中，作者只感受到了巨大的正能量，这次旅行给了作者巨大的快乐(enjoyment)，出发前所有的疑虑和担忧都消失(disappeared)了。warmth“温暖，热情”；honor “尊敬，尊重”。] 11．A．disappeared B．deepened C．remained D．emerged A　[参见上题解析。deepen“(使情感、感觉等)加强，变强烈”；remain“仍然是，保持不变”；emerge“出现，浮现，露出”。] 12．A．service B．stay C．wait D．research B　[根据上文的“Landing at the San Francisco airport”“in this totally strange city”和常识可知，此处指作者在旧金山待着(stay)的那段时期。] 13．A．unnecessary B．unavoidable C．uneventful D．unexpected D　[根据上文的“It was a very well­planned trip”和下文的“there will always be surprises and accidents”，再结合空前的but表转折可知，尽管这是一次计划周详的旅行，但也是一次最意想不到的(unexpected)旅行。unnecessary“不必要的，多余的”；unavoidable“无法避免的”；uneventful“平淡无奇的，平凡的”。] 14．A．plan B．extend C．adjust D．support A　[分析语境可知，本句和上一句是同义转换。根据上文的“It was a very well­planned trip”可知，不管我们多么努力地规划(plan)旅程，旅途中总会有惊喜和意外。extend“延长，使延期”；adjust“调整，调节”。] 15．A．suspect B．remember C．understand D．deny C　[本句总结全文。根据上文讲的作者的第一次独自出国旅行可知，作者通过这次旅行明白(understand)了什么是一次“丰富且难忘的经历”。suspect“怀疑”；deny“否认，否定”。] Ⅲ.语法填空(共10个空，每空1．5分，共15分) (2025·武汉市部分学校高三年级调研考试)The vocabulary of tea tasting can seem abstract to the point of poetry.When 1 (experience) tea lovers comment on a cup of tea, they might comment on its qi and yun. In a 2021 paper, Zhang Jinghong notes that in Chinese culture, food and drink are not judged only by taste or smell.When 2 (cite) the ancient saying, “Medicine and food have the same origin”， she says that the impact of food and drink on the body 3 (remain) an important factor in how Chinese perceive taste and quality.Just to name one example, common food descriptors like “hot”and “cold”do not describe specific temperatures, 4 how a dish is perceived to affect a person's inner temperature. Keeping that 5 mind, what exactly do tea lovers mean when they talk about qi and yun? Deng Shihai, an early expert on Pu'er tea, praised its “flavorless flavor”as the highest level Pu'er can attain.If that sounds needlessly contradictory, you're not alone, but to Deng, it was a way to distinguish beginners at tea, 6 focus on taste, from experts who see tea more 7 (whole). Qi and yun are thought to be more advanced than any simple description of taste, in part because they imply an indescribable sense of connection between people and things, and even to the 8 (broad) natural world.As Zhang notes, “Qi and yun 9 (consider) to more accurately and thoroughly express what people feel when they are touched by things, and to better reflect the 10 (unit) of people and things, and people and nature.” [语篇解读]本文是说明文，主要介绍了茶品鉴中的“气”和“韵”，以及它们在茶文化中的重要意义。 1．experienced　[考查形容词。分析句子结构可知，此处应用形容词修饰名词短语tea lovers；再结合语境可知，此处表示有经验的茶爱好者，故填experienced“经验丰富的，有经验的”。句意：当有经验的茶爱好者评论一杯茶时，他们可能会评论它的气和韵。] 2．citing　[考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处考查非谓语动词短语作状语。cite“引用”，与逻辑主语she之间是主谓关系，故用现在分词形式，填citing。句意：当引用古语“药食同源”时，她说食物和饮料对身体的影响仍然是中国人感知味道和品质的一个重要因素。] 3．remains　[考查动词的时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，空处作that引导的宾语从句的谓语。此处陈述客观事实，用一般现在时。主语the impact为单数概念，故谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。remain在此意为“仍然是”，是系动词，无被动形式。故填remains。] 4．but　[考查连词。分析句子结构可知，此处考查并列连词；再结合句意可知，此处考查“not...but...”结构，表示“不是……而是……”，故填but。句意：举个例子，常见的食物描述词，如“热”和“凉”，并没有描述具体的温度，而是描述一道菜如何影响一个人的内心温度。] 5．in　[考查介词。keep sth/sb in mind是固定搭配，意为“将……记在心中，记住，考虑到”。] 6．who　[考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，从句缺少主语，先行词为表示人的beginners，故用关系代词who。句意：如果这听起来是不必要的矛盾，那么并不是你一个人这么认为，但对邓时海来说，这是一种将专注于味道的茶的初学者与更全面地看待茶的专家区分开来的方法。] 7．wholly　[考查副词。此处修饰动词see，应用副词wholly。] 8．broader　[考查形容词比较级。此处修饰空后的名词world，应用形容词。结合语境可知，此处表示“更广阔的自然世界”，故填形容词比较级broader。句意：气和韵被认为比任何简单的味觉描述都更高级，部分原因是它们暗示了人与物之间，甚至与更广阔的自然世界之间的难以形容的联系。] 9．are considered　[考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，空处在句中作谓语。此处描述客观事实，应用一般现在时，主语“Qi and yun”表示复数概念，且与consider之间是被动关系。故填are considered。句意：正如张景虹指出的，“气和韵被认为能更准确、更全面地表达人们被事物触动时的感受，更好地反映人与物、人与自然的统一。”] 10．unity　[考查名词。根据空前的定冠词the和空后的of可知，空处应填名词，此处表示“人与物、人与自然的统一”，故填unity“一致，统一”。] 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $