必修第三册 UNIT 9 LEARNING（教师用书Word）-【正禾一本通】2026年新高考英语高三一轮总复习高效讲义（北师大版）

任务(一)　单词背诵 重点词汇 1．geometry 　　 n．几何(学) 2．outer adj.外部的，外面的 3．dinosaur n．恐龙 4．data n．资料；数据 5．strategy n．策略；战略；规划 6．sufficient adj.充足的 7．input n．输入；投入 8．chunk n．语块 9．odd adj.奇特的 10．soccer n．(美)足球 11．subway 　 　 n．(美)地铁 12．photographic adj.详细准确的；照片的；摄影的 13．digit n．(0～9的任何一个)数字 14．pi (π) n．圆周率 15．helicopter n．直升机 16．curve n．曲线，弧线 17．periodically adv.定期地 18．seafood n．海鲜 19．gender n．性别 20．identical adj.完全相同的；非常相似的 写作词汇 1．make a strong impression on him给他留下深刻印象 2．simplified classic works 精简版的经典作品 3．how to learn English effectively如何有效地学习英语 4．learn English beyond the classroom在课堂之外学习英语 5．function normally 正常运转 6．acquire the grammar rules 学习语法规则 7．interesting stories from our childhood我们童年的有趣故事 8．timely review 及时复习 9．effective techniques to memorise things有效的记忆技巧 10．a gap in the conversation谈话的间隙 11．a work of popular fiction通俗小说作品 12．end up with a good outcome以一个好的结果结束 13．share her inner thoughts with others 与他人分享她的内心想法 14．emotional support 情感支柱 拓展词汇 1． reflect vi.& vt.　 仔细思考；表达(意见)；反映 reflection n. 反映；映像；思考；反射；沉思 reflective adj. 沉思的；深思的 2． argue vi. 争论，争吵；劝说 argument n. 争吵；争论；辩论 3． assume vt. 认为；假定，假设 assuming conj. 假设，假定 assumption n. 假定，假设 4． automatic adj.　 自动的；无意识的 automatically adv. 无意识地；自动地 5． flexible adj. 灵活的，可变通的 flexibly adv. 灵活地 flexibility n. 柔韧性；灵活性 6． promote vt. 促进，增进 promotion n. 促进，增进 7． unlikely adj. 不大可能的 likely adj. 可能的 8． exist vi.　　　　 存在；实际上有 existing adj. (只用于名词前)现存的；现有的 existence n. 存在 9． ignore vt. 忽视；置之不理 ignorant adj. 无知的；不了解的 ignorance n. 无知 10．simplified adj. 简化了的 simplify vt. 简化 simple adj. 简单的 simply adv. 简单地；朴素地；仅仅 11．unfamiliar adj. 不熟悉的，不了解的 familiar adj. 熟悉的，了解的 familiarity n. 熟悉；通晓 12．memorise vt. 记住；熟记 memory n. 记忆力；回忆 13．arrangement n. 计划；安排 arrange v. 安排；整理 14．excitement n. 兴奋，激动 excite vt. 刺激，使……兴奋 excited adj. 激动的 exciting adj. 令人激动的 15．sharp adj.　　 急剧的，猛烈的；尖的，锋利的；敏锐的 sharply adv. 急剧地，猛烈地；锋利地 sharpen vi.& vt. (使)变锋利 16．surfing n. 冲浪 surf vt. 冲浪 17．evidence n. 证据，证明 evident adj. 明显的 evidently adv. 明显地，显然地 18．expose vt. 使接触；使体验 exposed adj. 无遮蔽的；无保护的；易受攻击的 exposure n. 接触；暴露 19．recommend vt. 推荐；建议 recommendation n． 推荐；建议 20．exist vi. 存在；实际上有 existing adj. (只用于名词前)现存的；现有的 existence n. 存在 教材外课标词汇 1．external /ɪk'stɜːnl/ adj.外部的；外面的；外来的 2．fee /fiː/ n．专业服务费；报酬 3．fist /fɪst/ n．拳；拳头 4．flavour /'fleɪvə(r)/ (NAmE ­vor) n．味道；特点；特色 5．flour /'flaʊə(r)/ n．面粉；(谷物磨成的) 粉 6．foggy /'fɔːɡi/ adj.有雾的 7．fold /fəʊld/ vt.包；裏；折叠 vt.& vi.(可)折小；(可)叠平 8．fond /fɒnd/ adj.喜爱 9．format /'fɔːmæt/ n．格式；总体安排；(出版物的)版式 vt.格式化 10．fountain /'faʊntən/ n．喷泉；人工喷泉；喷水池 11．frog /frɒɡ/ n．蛙；青蛙 12．fund /fʌnd/ n．基金；专款 一词多义 1．approach　①n.方法；靠近，接近；接洽；通路 ②vt.接近，靠近；接洽，交谈；着手处理 2．context ①n.上下文；语境 ②n.背景 3．cell ①n.细胞 ②n.小牢房 ③n.电池 4．journal ①n.日记，日志 ②n.杂志，期刊 5．comic ①adj.滑稽的，好笑的 ②n.连环漫画 6．worldwide ①adj.遍及世界的；在全世界 ②adv.遍及世界的；在全世界 7．publish ①vt.& vi.出版；发表 vt.刊登 ②vt.发布；公布 熟词生义 1．partner [常见义]n.搭档，同伴→[生僻义]vt.合作 2．novel [常见义]n.小说→[生僻义]adj.新颖的，新奇的 词源猜义 1．sufficient　suf (在下面)＋fic (做，制作)＋ient(形容词词缀，表示“……的”)→做到足够的程度→引申为：adj.足够的，充足的 2．subway　 sub (在下面)＋way(道路)→在地下的道路→引申为：n.地铁，地下通道 3．helicopter　 helic (螺旋)＋copt (切割)＋er(名词词缀)→通过螺旋切割→引申为：n.直升机 4．periodically　 peri (周围)＋od (路)＋ic(形容词词缀)＋al(形容词词缀)＋ly(副词词缀)→周期性地发生→引申为：adv.定期地，周期性地 5．impression　 im(进入)＋press (压)＋ion(名词词缀)→进入并留下的压痕或印象→引申为：n.印象，感想 6．strategy　 strat (军队)＋egy(艺术)→军队的艺术，指计划和方法→引申为：n.战略，策略 7．recommend　 re(再次)＋commend (称赞，表扬)→再次表扬→引申为：vt.推荐，建议 8．emotional　 emot (情感)＋ion(名词前缀)＋al(形容词词缀，……的)→与情感相关的→引申为：adj.情感的，感情丰富的 9．technique　 techn (技术)＋ique→技术的方式或方法→引申为：n.技巧，技术 10．outcome　 out (外)＋come(来)→从某事中出来的结果→引申为：n.结果，后果 11．moreover more(更多)＋over(在……之上)→在某事/物之上还有更多→引申为：adv.此外，而且 任务(二)　短语、句式、语篇背诵 Ⅰ.短语巧学助记 1．brush up (on) 　 温习，复习 2．reflect on 思考 3．argue with 争吵 4．end up doing 最后；最终 5．in short 总而言之；简单地说 6．attempt to do... 尝试做某事 7．at the heart of... 在……的中心 8．be based on... 以……为根据 9．be honoured to do sth 　 很荣幸做某事 10．in one way or another 不管怎样 11．as a result 作为结果 12．take it easy 放轻松 13．cannot help doing sth 忍不住做某事 14．find out ①发现　②查明 15．work out ①弄懂某事物 ②计算出，制定出 ③锻炼 ④进展，进行 ⑤解决 16．in the way ①挡某人的道 ②妨碍某人 Ⅱ.句式遮挡背诵 1．Your inner voice expresses your personal opinions，while the outer voice tells you about opinions from what you hear or read.(while 连接并列分句) 2．If you find your inner voice difficult to control，you can argue with it as most active learners do.(动词＋宾语＋宾补＋to do) 3．Be flexible in your opinions and you might end up agreeing with the speaker/writer after all.(祈使句＋and＋陈述句) 4．If not，at least you have “listened to”another point of view.(if省略结构) 5．It is true that we cannot help disliking some people—this is human nature，after all.(cannot help doing...忍不住做……) 6．The PISA study has helped show a clear pattern in genders when it comes to reading.(when it comes to...) [遮住左栏尝试背诵] 1．你内心的声音表达了你的个人意见，而外部的声音告诉你关于你听到或者读到的观点。 2．如果你发现自己内心的声音难以控制，你可以像大多数主动学习者那样和它争论。 3．不要太固执己见，你最终可能会同意说话人或者作者的观点。 4．如果你不同意，至少你已经“听过”了另一种观点。 5．确实，我们难免会讨厌某些人——毕竟这是人的本性。 6．当谈到阅读时，国际学生评估项目(PISA)的研究帮助展示了一个清晰的性别方面的模式。 Ⅲ.语篇词汇串记 　　When it comes to techniques of learning English，I first recommend that you (should) have a strategy and work out a flexible plan.But don't ignore the approach to the problem when you are in trouble.Your partner may normally memorise words effectively at night while you are sharp in the morning.As a result，you had better attempt to brush up on unfamiliar words to promote your vocabulary the moment you get up.Moreover，you should make arrangements to reflect on what you have learned periodically or get timely help from your teachers.What hits me last is that being exposed to more English classic fiction or novels would be a desirable way for you.Lastly，why not guess the meanings of chunks based on contexts and keep journals to turn input into output? In short，take it easy.In one way or another，you can acquire sufficient knowledge as long as you work hard.As a result，you will gradually narrow the gap and end up with a good outcome. [遮住左栏，忆加黑词汇] 说到学习英语的技巧，我首先建议你要有一个策略，并制定一个灵活的计划。但当你遇到麻烦时，不要忽视解决问题的方法。你的伙伴可能通常会在晚上能够有效地记单词，而你则在早上思维敏捷。因此，你最好尝试一起床就复习不熟悉的单词从而扩大词汇量。此外，你应该安排时间定期回顾你所学到的知识，或者及时从老师那里得到帮助。最后我突然想起，接触更多的英语经典作品或小说或许对你来说是一个可取的方式。最后，为什么不根据上下文猜测词块的含义，并记日记来将你所学到的东西表达出来？ 简而言之，放轻松。不管怎样，只要你努力学习，你就能获得足够的知识。因此，你会逐渐缩小差距，最终得到一个好的结果。 任务(三)　背诵过关测＋练 一、单词过关测＋练 阅读词汇知其意 1．geometry n．几何(学) 2．outer adj.外部的，外面的 3．dinosaur n．恐龙 4．data n．资料；数据 5．sufficient adj.充足的 6．input n．输入；投入 7．odd adj.奇特的 8．soccer n．(美)足球 9．subway 　　 n．(美)地铁 10．context n．上下文；语境；背景 11．helicopter n．直升机 12．strategy n．策略；战略；规划 13．seafood n．海鲜 14．gender n．性别 15．identical adj.完全相同的；非常相似的 16．comic adj.滑稽的，好笑的 核心词汇写其形 Ⅰ.单词默写检测 1．partner 　 n．搭档，同伴 2．impression n．印象；感想 3．classic adj.经典的 4．effectively adv.有效地 5．beyond prep.超出……范围 6．novel n．小说 7．normally adv.通常，平常 8．worldwide 　 adj.& adv.遍及世界的； 在全世界 9．childhood n．童年，儿童时代 10．publish vt.& vi.出版；发表；刊登 11．cell n．细胞 12．journal n．日记，日志 13．moreover adv.此外，而且 14．gap n．(大的)差距，差额，差别 15．fiction n．小说 16．outcome n．结果，后果 Ⅱ.单词语境练 17．(2023·浙江1月卷)Approaching (靠近) the farm，I was greeted by a spicy smell of the barbecue. 18．Last but not least，it is the inner (内部的) beauty rather than our appearance that makes us respectable. 19．(2024·全国甲卷)If it's short stories, Peter Mountford breaks down six techniques (技巧) you can try to see which one helps you stick the landing. 20．I would like to invite you to the exhibition in reward for your timely (及时的) and generous help during my stay in Beijing. 21．(2024·全国甲卷)Control emotional (情绪的) eating. 22 Online learning has proved an important means for people to acquire (学习，获得) knowledge and solve problems. 拓展词汇通其变 Ⅰ.词族拓展检测 1．reflect vi.& vt.仔细思考；表达(意见)；反映→reflection n．反映；映像；思考；反射；沉思→reflective adj.沉思的；深思的 2．argue vi.争论，争吵→argument n．争吵；争论；辩论 3．assume vt.认为；假定，假设→assuming conj.假设，假定→assumption n．假定，假设 4．unlikely adj.不大可能的→likely adj.可能的 5.exist vi.存在；实际上有→existing adj.(只用于名词前)现存的；现有的→existence n．存在 6．evidence n．证据，证明→evident adj.明显的→evidently adv.明显地，显然地 7．excitement n．兴奋，激动→excite vt.刺激，使……兴奋→excited adj.激动的→exciting adj.令人激动的 8．sharp adj.急剧的，猛烈的；尖的，锋利的→sharply adv.急剧地，猛烈地；锋利地→sharpen vi.& vt.(使)变锋利 9．surfing n．冲浪→surf vt.冲浪 Ⅱ.词族语境练 10．(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)Groups of five or more require special arrangements (arrange) and must be confirmed in advance. 11．This is an automatic machine which can operate automatically as soon as you press the button.(automatic) 12．If exposed to the sun for a long time, the cloth will fade, so we need to avoid such exposure．(expose) 13．The old man wasn't ignoring the sign on purpose.In fact，he was totally ignorant of traffic rules, so why not forgive his ignorance？(ignore) 14．As people grow old, their memory will decline and they will find it difficult to memorise what seems easy when they were children.(memory) 15．The young man was recommended as the manager of a big company thanks to the recommendation letter of his professor.(recommend) 16．Seeing the unfamiliar people around me，I extremely missed all the people and things that were familiar to me.(familiar) 17．He was promoted to general manager last year and the promotion meant an achievement for him.(promote) 二、短语过关测＋练 短语翻译 短语语境练(选用左栏短语填空) 第一组 1．brush up (on)　　　　 温习，复习 2．reflect on 思考 3．argue with 争吵 4．end up doing 最后；最终 5．work out 弄懂某事物；计算出 6．in short 总而言之；简单地说 第二组 7．at the heart of... 在……的中心 8．be based on... 以……为根据 9．be honoured to do sth 很荣幸做某事 10．in one way or another 不管怎样 11．as a result 作为结果 12．take it easy 放轻松 13．(2022·全国甲卷)Countries should team up to work out practical plans regarding ocean protection. 14．There is much we can learn by reflecting on the stories heard in childhood. 15．Just as the saying goes, “One tree doesn't make a forest”， our success is based on cooperating with others. 16．I know you're not feeling well, so try to take it easy today. 17．The migration of health workers has a great effect on all countries in one way or another． 18．(2024·浙江1月卷)It is so easy to let an online course slide, but your grades will suffer as a result． 三、句式过关测 1．如果你发现自己内心的声音难以控制，你可以像大多数主动学习者那样和它争论。(动词＋宾语＋宾补＋to do) If you find your inner voice difficult to control，you can argue with it as most active learners do. 2．不要太固执己见，你最终可能会同意说话人或者作者的观点。(祈使句＋and＋陈述句) Be flexible in your opinions and you might end up agreeing with the speaker/writer after all. 3．如果你不同意，至少你已经“听过”了另一种观点。(if省略结构) If not，at least you have “listened to”another point of view. 4．确实，我们难免会讨厌某些人——毕竟这是人的本性。(cannot help doing...忍不住做……) It is true that we cannot help disliking some people—this is human nature，after all. 5．当谈到阅读时，国际学生评估项目(PISA)的研究帮助展示了一个清晰的性别方面的模式。(when it comes to...) The PISA study has helped show a clear pattern in genders when it comes to reading． Part 1　核心词汇——学搭配 approach n．方法；途径；接近 vt.接近；着手处理 vi.靠近 【知识归纳】　 ◎an approach to (doing) sth 做某事的方法/途径 ◎at the approach of 在快到……的时候 【写作语料】　 ◎a good approach to learning Chinese well学好中文的一个好方法 ◎with the College Entrance Examination approaching随着高考的临近 【语境运用】　完成句子/一句多译 ①(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)这次户外美术课提供了一种既新鲜又有趣的学习方法。 This outdoor art class provided an approach to learning that was both refreshing and engaging. ②中秋节快到了，我想邀请你和我们一起过中秋节。[应用文之邀请信] →With the Mid­Autumn Festival approaching，I'd like to invite you to join us in celebrating it.(with复合结构；approach) →As the Mid­Autumn Festival is drawing near/around the corner，I'd like to invite you to join us in celebrating it.(as，draw near/around the corner) reflect vi.& vt.仔细思考；表达(意见)；反映；映出(影像)(reflection n．思考；映射；反射；倒影　reflective adj.深思的) 【知识归纳】　 ◎reflect on/upon sth 反省/认真思考某事 ◎be reflected in 倒映在；反映在 ◎be lost in reflection 陷入深思中 ◎a reflection of... ……的反映/倒影 【写作语料】　 ◎be reflected in the diagram反映到图中 ◎a reflection of your personality反映你的个性 【语境运用】　完成句子 ①听到我的话，他低下了头，陷入沉思中。 At my words，he hung his head，lost in deep reflection． ②(2024·新高考卷)我想感谢他的帮助，并思考了一个陌生人的慷慨是如何把紧张的处境变成一次难忘的经历的。 I wanted to thank him for his help and reflected on how a stranger's generosity can turn a stressful situation into a memorable experience． assume vt.认为；假定，假设，装出(assumption n．假定，假设) 【知识归纳】　 ◎assume...to be... 假定/假设……是…… ◎It is assumed that... 一般认为…… ◎make an assumption 认为；假定 ◎assuming (that)... 假设/假定…… 【写作语料】　 ◎assume an air of indifference装出无所谓的样子 ◎assume the news to be true假定这消息是真的 ◎on the assumption that...假定…… 【语境运用】　完成句子 ①如果你对此感兴趣，请发邮件到123456@sinA．com。[应用文之邀请信] Assuming that you are interested in it，please send an email to 123456@sinA．com. ②人们认为，虽然人类所做的事情对被严重污染的环境的影响很小，但每一点努力都很重要。[应用文之演讲稿] It is assumed that what people do has little effect on the highly polluted environment，but every effort counts. exist vi.存在；实际上有；生存[existence n．存在；生存　existing adj.(仅用于名词前)现存的；目前的；现行的] 【知识归纳】　 ◎exist on 靠……为生 ◎exist in 存在于……中 ◎There exists/existed... 某地有……；存在…… ◎come into existence 产生；成立；开始存在 【写作语料】　 ◎exist on a bamboo diet以竹子为食 ◎learn to exist in harmony with nature学会和自然和谐共处 ◎solve this existing problem解决当前的问题 【语境运用】　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①The results of the new research would seem to conflict with existing (exist) theories. ②早在4 000多年前就有庆祝春节的传统。 The tradition of celebrating the Spring Festival came into existence more than 4，000 years ago． ③虽然困难存在于我们的日常生活中，但是我们不应害怕它们。[应用文之劝慰信] Though difficulties exist in our daily life，we should not be afraid of them. recommend vt.推荐；建议；介绍(recommendation n．建议；推荐) 【知识归纳】　 ◎recommend doing sth 建议做某事 ◎recommend sb to do sth 建议某人做某事 ◎recommend that sb (should) do sth 议某人做某事 ◎recommend sb sth＝recommend sth to sb 向某人推荐某物 【写作语料】　 ◎recommend my favorite English classics to you向你推荐我最喜欢的英语经典作品 ◎recommend you to practise Tai Chi建议你练习太极 ◎recommend trying the local cuisine 推荐尝试当地美食 【语境运用】　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①My English teacher recommended buying (buy) an English­Chinese dictionary which he thought would be of great help to my studies. ②(2024·浙江1月卷)I recommend that everyone (should) give (give) it a shot, as it can be played casually or competitively. ③(2024·浙江1月卷)我建议和你的朋友一起做这个活动，因为它可以促进社交，帮助建立友谊。 I recommend doing this activity with your friends, as it promotes social interaction and helps build friendships. arrangement n．计划；安排(arrange vt.筹备；安排；整理) 【知识归纳】　 ◎make arrangements/an arrangement for... 为……做安排 ◎arrange with sb about sth 安排某人做某事 ◎arrange to do sth 安排去做某事 ◎arrange for sb to do sth 安排某人做某事 【写作语料】　 ◎arranged for a student to pick up his new partner安排一个学生去接他的新搭档 ◎arrange to watch an English film安排看一部英语电影 【语境运用】　完成句子 ①你能提前告知我你的计划，以便我能为你的造访做相应的安排吗？[应用文之告知信] Will you please inform me of your plan in advance，so that I can make arrangements/an arrangement for your visit accordingly? ②(2024·新高考卷)我们约好在机场见面，一到机场，我们就像久违的朋友一样拥抱在一起。 We arranged to meet at the airport, and upon our arrival, we hugged each other like long­lost friends. expose vt.使接触；使体验；使暴露于(险境)(exposure n．接触；体验；暴露；揭露) 【知识归纳】　 ◎expose...to... 使……接触……；使……暴露于…… ◎expose oneself to... 使自己面临……；使自己暴露于…… ◎expose sth to sb 向某人揭发某事 ◎(be) exposed to... 暴露于/接触…… 【写作语料】　 ◎be exposed to the Chinese language and culture接触中国语言和文化 ◎a few seconds' exposure to the icy air在冰冷的空气中暴露几秒钟 ◎expose ourselves to more natural light多晒晒自然光 【语境运用】　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①Not only have teachers and students learnt quite a lot but also they expect to have more exposure (expose) to elegant art in the future. ②那些能接触各种经典并从中学习的人对周围的世界有更大的洞察力。 Those who can expose themselves to all kinds of classics and learn from them possess a greater insight into the world around. ③我从小就接触外教，因此，我能够用英语和外国人自由交流。[应用文之申请信] I have been exposed to foreign teachers since a young age，so I can communicate freely with foreigners in English. end up doing 最后；最终 【知识归纳】　 ◎end (up) with... 以……结束/告终(常接表具体事物的名词) ◎end (up) in 以……告终；结果为……(强调结局) ◎end up＋形容词 最终处于…… ◎end up as... 最后成为…… 【写作语料】　 ◎end up memorising nothing最终什么也记不住 ◎end up in failure以失败告终 ◎end up as one of the greatest writers of his time最终成为他那个时代最伟大的作家之一 ◎end up healthy and energetic最终变得健康而充满活力 【语境运用】　完成句子 ①(2023·全国乙卷)通过在暑假期间的努力，我最终掌握了摄影的基本技能，我希望将来我能成为一名摄影师。 Through hard work during the summer vacation，I ended up grasping basic skills in photography and I do hope that I can end up as a photographer in the future. ②我不喜欢那位作家，他的小说通常以悲剧结尾。 I don't like the writer，whose novels normally end up with tragedies． as a result 作为结果 【知识归纳】　 ◎as a result of 由于；作为……的结果 ◎result in 导致；造成；结果是…… ◎result from 由……引起，由于 【写作语料】　 (2024·新高考卷)As a result, we dashed back inside, and I managed to purchase my ticket just in time. 结果，我们冲回里面，我设法及时买到了票。 【语境运用】　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①Misunderstandings resulting from lack of social communication, if not handled properly, may result in serious problems. ②(2023·浙江1月卷)一只鸟的啁啾声引起了我的注意，于是我偷偷溜进了那间废弃的牛奶房。这只鸟被困在蜘蛛网里动弹不得。 The chirps of a bird attracted my attention and as a result，I sneaked into the deserted milking house.The bird couldn't move as a result of being trapped in spider­webs. take it easy 放轻松 【知识归纳】　 ◎take one's time 别着急；慢慢来 ◎take sth seriously 重视某事；认真对待某事 ◎take...for granted 认为……理所当然 ◎take...as... 把……当作…… 【写作语料】　 ◎tell me to take it easy告诉我放轻松 ◎take him as one of my best friends把他当作我最好的朋友之一 ◎take it for granted that he will succeed理所当然地认为他会取得成功 【语境运用】　完成句子 ①(2022·全国甲卷)我们总是理所当然地认为海洋可以提供给我们无穷无尽的资源，因此我们过度开发海洋。 We always take it for granted that oceans can provide us with limitless resources，so we overdevelop our oceans. ②从这次经历中我学到了重要的一课——把困难看作是考验，并认真对待它们。[读后续写之主旨升华] From the experience I learned an important lesson—see difficulties as tests and take them seriously． Part 2　阅读词汇——善辨义 1．sharp A．adj.(感官)敏锐的　B．adj.剧烈的，猛烈的 C．adj.锋利的　D．adj.急剧的；明显的 ①Challenging work that requires lots of analytical thinking，planning and other managerial skills might help your brain stay sharp as you age. A ②While smart lights can be particularly beneficial for some cities，others are so jammed that only a sharp reduction in the number of cars on the road will make a meaningful difference. D ③(2023·浙江1月卷)Learning much from it，I came to understand why cactuses and other dry plants have sharp leaves. C ④I felt a sharp pain in my back.That's why I was absent from the meeting. B 2．work out A．锻炼 B．制定出 C．进展，进行 D．解决 ①I suggested he work out a new plan but he didn't respond to it. B ②While my brothers are golfing，I usually work out in the gym. A ③We didn't plan our art exhibition like this，but it worked out well. C ④He recommended working out the difficult problem in a completely new way. D 1．巧借前缀sub­推测词义 前缀sub­(在……下面) 本单元：sub­＋way(路)→下面的路→subway n．地铁 ①Russia sent two small submarines to plant a tiny national flag under the North Pole years ago and then the race to secure subsurface rights to the Arctic hotted up.n.潜水艇；adj.地下的 ②The main title and subtitle for the graph are drawn in the center of the image.n.副标题 ③The mind­body connection is such that if，for example，we want to avoid something，very often our subconscious mind will arrange it.adj.下意识的，潜意识的 2．巧借前缀out­推测词义 前缀out­(向外；超出) out­(出来)＋come(来/到达)→出来的结果→outcome n．结果，后果 ①(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)These observations now outnumber the primary data that comes from physical specimens (标本).vt.比……多；多于 ②(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷)Continued developments in communication technologies were once believed to make the printed page outdated. adj.过时的 ③(2023·浙江1月卷)A machine can now not only beat you at chess，it can also outperform you in debate. vt.胜过；超过 ④The man，who passed away in 2005，outlived his wife by three years.vt.比……活得久 ⑤Little Bryan has a good appetite and exercises often，thus he has already outgrown his older brother.vt.比……长得高/快/大 ⑥(2020·北京卷)Since the early days of AI, imagination has outpaced what is possible or even probable.vt.(在速度上)超过，比……快 Part 3　经典句式——会表达 句式：动词＋宾语＋宾补＋to do 【教材原句】　If you find your inner voice difficult to control，you can argue with it as most active learners do.如果你发现难以控制自己内心的声音，你可以像大多数主动学习者那样和它争论。 【知识归纳】 ◎句中加黑部分是“动词＋宾语＋宾补＋to do”结构。 ◎在此结构中，常见的动词有：find，think，feel，consider，make 等，作宾补的常用的形容词有：hard，difficult，easy，comfortable，possible 等。在此结构中，to do 和宾语往往存在逻辑上的动宾关系。 ◎动词＋形式宾语it＋宾补＋to do sth，其中to do sth为真正的宾语。 【写作佳句】　 ①(2022·浙江1月卷)In the beginning，I felt my partner difficult to get along/on with，but gradually I discovered his enthusiasm and patience. 起初，我感觉我的搭档很难相处，但是逐渐地我发现了他的热情和耐心。 ②I consider it useful to learn some basic Chinese before you come.[应用文之建议信] 我觉得你在来之前学一些基本的中文是有用的。 ③But spending too much time online is unhealthy and makes it very difficult to focus on other things in life. 然而，花费太多时间上网是不健康的，也会很难把精力放在生活中的其他事情上。 【仿写借鉴】　 ①如果使用适当的学习策略，我认为学习英语很容易。联系上下文使得新词的意思很容易弄明白。我希望我的建议会对你有用。[应用文之建议信] I think/consider English easy to learn if proper learning strategies are used.Connecting the new words to the context makes the meaning easy to work out．I do hope that you can find my suggestions useful. ②史密斯太太发现很难收拾这一团乱麻，因为每当她想收拾的时候，孩子们总是碍手碍脚。 Mrs Smith finds it hard to clean up the mess, as her children are always in the way whenever she tries to. 句式：if条件状语从句的省略形式 【教材原句】　If not，at least you have “listened to”another point of view. 如果你不同意，至少你已经“听过”了另一种观点。 【知识归纳】 句中If not为固定省略结构，意为“如果不是这样的话”。if构成的其他省略形式： ◎if so 假如这样的话　　　　 ◎if any 即使有(任何)……，如果有的话…… ◎if ever 如果曾经有的话 ◎if necessary 如果有必要的话　　 ◎if possible 如果可能的话 【写作佳句】　 ①If the steps you take are working，keep them up.If not，take another look at other strategies. 如果你采取的措施有效，那就保持下去。如果不是，再看看其他的策略。 ②You may have some problems at first.If so, please ring us. 开始你可能有些困难。如果是这样，请给我们打电话。 ③There may be some mistakes in my composition. If any, please help me point them out. 我的作文中可能有一些错误。如果有的话，请帮我指出来。 【仿写借鉴】　 ①必要的话，我们学校会为学生提供语言训练项目。 If necessary, our school will provide students with the language training courses. ②留心看周围的景色。否则，你迟早会后悔的。[应用文之推荐信] Keep your eyes open for the surrounding views.If not，you will regret sooner or later. ③如果可能，最好还是挑选有机食品。 It is always best to choose organically grown foods if possible． Ⅰ.核心词汇专练——单句语法填空 1．When approaching (approach) the finish line, he burst into a big toothy smile and waved to me with excitement. 2．We made the assumption (assume) that his presentation is bound to be successful and excellent. 3．David stood firmly in his position，ignoring (ignore) anything around. 4．It is believed that today's children and teenagers are consuming three times the recommended (recommend)level of sugar, putting them at a higher risk of the disease. 5．Let's start doing what we can to reduce the risk of exposure (expose) to harmful blue light. 6．Their main complaint is that the prices of a wide range of daily goods have risen sharply (sharp) in the past days. 7．With some encouragement from my colleagues, I had one of my poems published (publish). 8．The most effective approach to preventing global warming is to cut back on the discharge of carbon dioxide. 9．If you can't keep a balance between life and work，you may end up accomplishing (accomplish) nothing. 10．There is growing evidence (evident) that people whose diets are rich in vitamins are less likely to develop some types of cancers. 11．When this happens, the important thing is to try not to let a calm discussion turn into a heated argument (argue). 12．Our school is to make arrangements (arrange) for a theme class meeting to introduce traditional Chinese culture to foreign friends. 13．As a special education teacher at the school, I was familiar with the challenges David faced and was proud of his strong determination. 14．The twins were filled with excitement (excite) as they thought of the surprise they were planning for Mother's Day. 15．By sharing so many photos over the Internet, the group hopes to promote (promote) even wider interest around the world in China's ancient history and culture. Ⅱ.阅读词汇猜词——熟词生义、派生与合成 写出黑体单词在句中的词性及汉语释义 1．(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)However, for maximizing learning where mental focus and reflection are called for, educators shouldn't assume all media are the same, even when they contain identical words.n.反思 2．(2023·浙江1月卷)Summer Palace，and the Temple of Heaven，the hutongs reflect the culture of grassroots Beijingers.vt.反映 3．(2023·全国乙卷)Not only do they look beautiful，but studies have shown that they can promote people's wellbeing by improving their mood(心情)，reducing stress and helping their memory.vt.促进 4．(2022·浙江1月卷)The research team included Canadian doctor Allan Slomovic，who has done ground­breaking work on eye care using stem cells.n.细胞 5．To make this happen, the airline has partnered up with MagniX to create the world's first commercial flight with an electric engine.vi.合作 6．In one way or another，we argued her into joining us.vt.劝说 7．(北京卷)Even if this method of timekeeping is novel in its particulars，early agricultural societies also connected time to natural phenomenA．adj.新颖的 8．(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)To improve the quality of observational data, biodiversity apps can also encourage users to have an expert confirm the identification of their uploaded image. ◎up­“向上”＋load“装载”＋­ed→uploaded adj.已上传的 9．(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)They are becoming outdated. ◎out­“超过”＋date“日期”＋­ed→outdated adj.过时的 10．(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)Of course, these days there are plenty of online dictionaries and thesauruses, but I'm old­fashioned enough to prefer a hard cover and pages I can leaf through with my fingers. ◎old“古老的”＋fashion“时髦， 时尚”＋­ed→old­fashioned adj.(人)守旧的 (一)应用文写作 [建议信——选择汉语课程] 假定你是李华，你的美国朋友Anderson写信向你倾诉他学汉语时，在选择听力和口语课程还是阅读和写作课程上有困难，并寻求帮助。请你写一封回信。 选用本单元所学知识和右栏词块翻译句子 第一段：介绍写信的目的 1．听说你在选择听力和口语课程还是阅读和写作课程上有困难。[have difficulty (in) doing...] I heard you have difficulty (in) choosing between listening and speaking courses or reading and writing courses. 2．选择一门适合你的课程，你会发现学汉语的乐趣。(祈使句＋and＋陈述句) Choose a course that is suitable for you and you will discover the joy of learning Chinese. 3．如果不这样，你会发现学习中文会很难。(if省略结构；find＋宾语＋宾补＋to do) If not，you will find Chinese hard to learn. 第二段：详细说明你的建议与理由 4．听说课程更注重汉语口语，而读写课程更注重书面汉语。(while连接的并列句) Listening and speaking course lays more emphasis on spoken Chinese，while reading and writing course pays more attention to written Chinese. 5．当谈到该选哪门课时，我们不禁会思考一个婴儿是如何学习母语的。你和宝宝交流得越多，宝宝的语言能力就会越强。(when it comes to...) When it comes to which course to choose，we can't help thinking of how a baby learns his mother tongue.The more you communicate with your baby, the better your baby's language skills will be. 6．听说课程的课时多于读写课程。众所周知，学会一门语言最快的方法是高频率地接触这门语言。 Listening and speaking course has more class hours than reading and writing course.As is known to all，the fastest way to learn a language is to be exposed to the language to a high frequency. 第三段：表明自己的观点或扑救 7．综合以上两方面原因，我建议你选择听力和口语课程。 Owing to the two reasons above，I recommend that you (should) choose the listening and speaking course. [构建语义场——语言学习] ①absorb vt.吸收；使全神贯注 ②accent n．口音；腔调 ③communication n．交流，沟通 ④express vt.表达 ⑤fluently adv.流利地 ⑥grammar n．语法 ⑦improve vi.& vt.改进；改善 ⑧knowledge n．知识，学问 ⑨master vt.精通，掌握 ⑩overcome vt.克服；解决 ⑪idiom n．成语 ⑫dialect n．地方话；方言 ⑬concentrate on集中注意力于…… ⑭point of view 观点；看法 ⑮keep/bear...in mind记住…… ⑯look up查阅 ⑰make progress取得进步 ⑱set/take/write/note down 写下，记下 ⑲attach importance to重视 ⑳benefit from从……获益 ㉑listening and speaking courses听力和口语课程 ㉒discover the joy of learning Chinese发现学汉语的乐趣 ㉓pay more attention to written Chinese更注重书面汉语 ㉔the way to learn a language学习一门语言的方法 ㉕practice speaking as often as possible多练习口语 ㉖pay off获得回报 ㉗attend English lectures参加英语讲座 ㉘a good command of English精通英语 ㉙keep an English diary写英语日记 (二)读后续写 [学习话题＋情感描写之紧张] Ⅰ.教材语料积累 词汇 [情感描写]　excitement；take it easy；be/feel honoured to do；emotional [人物描写]　assume；automatic；flexible；ignore；unfamiliar；memorise；acquire；sharp；reflective [动作描写]　reflect on；argue with；brush up on；expose；work out；attempt to；recommend；input；publish 佳句 1．This is because when we experience things for the first time，we often have strong feelings of fear or excitement.(情感描写) 2．Active learners do not judge people based on first impressions or personal feelings.(结尾升华句) Ⅱ.拓展语料背诵 词汇 nervous adj.紧张的　uneasy adj.担忧的，不安的→uneasiness n．担忧，不安　tense adj.紧张的，焦虑的→tension n．紧张，焦虑　(have) butterflies in one's stomach忐忑不安feel one's throat tight and one's mouth dry感到喉咙发紧，嘴发干be seized/overcome with panic/fear惊慌失措 佳句 1．All students were waiting for their first examination results anxiously，as if on pins and needles.(比喻句) 所有的学生都焦急地等待着他们的第一次考试结果，如坐针毡。 2．Considering that he would be faced with completely new surroundings，a flood of fear welled up in him.(无灵主语句) 一想到他将面临全新的环境，恐惧的洪流涌上了他的心头。 3．So nervous did I feel that my throat tightened and my knees weakened.(倒装句) 我感到很紧张，喉咙发紧，膝盖发软。 4．I knew he didn't believe me，and every time he looked my way，my heart started pounding wildly with tension.我知道他不相信我，每次他朝我看的时候，我的心都开始紧张得狂跳。 5．Her stomach was gripped with anxiety，like a volcano erupting inside her.(比喻句) 她的内心充满了焦虑，就像她体内的火山爆发了一样。 6．His heart beat wildly with uneasiness and his legs trembled.他的心不安地狂跳，两腿发抖。 7．Anxious and nervous，I had no choice but to put up with what was going on.(形容词短语作状语) 既焦虑又紧张，我别无选择，只能忍受正在发生的事情。 Ⅲ.语料综合运用 　　我们都忐忑不安地等待着我们的学习搭档的宣布。我一直期待着一个外向、容易相处的女生搭档。令我失望的是，我被分配和一个非常严肃的家伙一起工作，他总是穿着深色的衣服，而且总是对别人的工作不满意。一阵不安涌上我的心头。老实说，每次跟他说话，我都很紧张，以至于我的喉咙发紧，膝盖也不受控制地颤抖。我知道他不相信我，每次他朝我这边看，我的心就开始紧张地狂跳。由于既焦虑又紧张，我别无选择，只能集中精力和他练习说英语。然而，我渐渐发现他其实性格很好。他总是提醒我放轻松，不要理会别人的笑声，这消除了我的焦虑和紧张。 　　①Having butterflies in our stomach (分词短语作状语)，we were all anxiously waiting for the announcement of our learning partners.I had been looking forward to a female partner who was outgoing and easy to get along with.To my disappointment，I was assigned to work with an extremely serious guy who always wore dark clothes and was always dissatisfied with others' work.②A flood of uneasiness welled up in me (无灵主语句).To be honest，③so nervous was I that my throat tightened and my knees trembled uncontrollably (倒装句) whenever speaking to him.I knew he didn't believe me，and every time he looked my way，my heart started pounding wildly with tension.④Anxious and nervous (形容词短语作状语)，I had no choice but to concentrate on/upon practising speaking English with him.However，I gradually found he actually had a good personality.He always reminded me to take it easy and ignore others' laughter，⑤which erased my anxiety and nervousness (定语从句). A卷 (时间：30分钟　满分：40分) Ⅰ.阅读理解(共11小题，每小题2.5分，共27.5分) A (2025·杭州市高三质量检测) What is a GPA? A GPA, or Grade Point Average, typically ranging from one to four, is a number reflecting your course performance on average.It's used by universities to determine whether students meet academic standards and by students to enhance job prospects or secure admission into post­graduate programs. How to calculate a GPA? ·Determine the letter grade and the number of credit hours for each course you take in a term； ·Translate the letter grade to grade points using your school's grading system； ·Multiply the grade points by the credit hours for that course； ·Add up all the credit hours for the courses； ·Divide the total number of grade points by the total credit hours and you get the GPA． Example: Academic Transcript of Jane Smith Winter 2023 Courses Letter Grades Grade points Credit hours Total points GPA Creative Writing A＋ 4.0 3 12 － Psychology A－ 3.7 3 11．1 － History B＋ 3.3 3 9.9 － Computer Science F 0.0 2 0 － Total － － 11 33 What are the consequences of failing college courses? ·Every failing grade (F) significantly impacts your GPA for that academic year, limiting club, organization and program choices, as competitive programs require top GPAs. ·Most financial aid programs require a specific GPA．A sharp drop in GPA due to several course failures may lead to withdrawal from financial aid programs, unless you retake the courses and pass. ·For college athletes on sports scholarships, failing courses repeatedly can lead to losing scholarships and team sports. ·Failing multiple courses can result in school removal and affect future applications. [语篇解读]本文是应用文。文章介绍了GPA的概念计算方法等相关信息。 1．Where is this text probably taken from? A．An academic course guide. B．A campus job fair poster. C．A graduate application form. D．An athletic team schedule. A　[文章出处题。文章详细介绍了GPA的概念、计算方法以及如果有课程不及格的后果，这些信息通常出现在学术课程指南中，帮助学生理解他们的学术表现及其影响，故选A。A项“一本学术课程指南”；B项“一张校园招聘会海报”；C项“一张研究生申请表”；D项“一张运动队日程表”。] 2．What is Jane Smith's GPA this term? A．3.3. B．3.0. C．2.8. D．1．0. B　[细节理解题。根据“How to calculate a GPA？”下面的最后一条可知，GPA＝总分数÷总学分小时数。再根据表格可知Jane Smith的总分数(Total points)为33，总学分小时数(Credit hours)为11，所以她的GPA＝33÷11＝3。故选B。] 3．What would be a result if you get one F in college? A．School removal. B．Loss of financial aid. C．Choice limitation. D．Disqualification in sports. C　[细节理解题。根据题干中的“get one F”定位到“What are the consequences of failing college courses？”下面的第一条内容，不及格成绩会显著影响学生该学年的GPA，限制他们参加俱乐部、组织和项目的选择。故选C。文中的“limiting club, organization and program choices”与C项“Choice limitation”是同义转换。A项“(被)学校开除”；B项“失去经济资助”；C项“选择受限”；D项“(被)取消体育比赛资格”。] B (2025·福州市高三年级第一次质量检测)In a digital, global world where thinking critically and generating new ideas count, a cradle­to­career approach to educating children must be mindful of how children learn to learn, not just what they learn.The Intellectual Lives of Children allows readers to look into the minds of kids as they explore and learn in everyday moments, emphasizing what constitutes real learning. Children are born with playful curiosity.They ask questions about everything—Why does a tree have leaves? Why does the Sun come up? These questions help children discover the causal relationships among things—all with the guidance of adults. Yet explorations take time.As Engel writes，“when children are allowed to dive into a topic thoroughly, they connect unrelated facts and generate new ideas.”The real mental work takes place as they play—when a child builds a platform of chairs to get cookies from an out­of­reach cookie box.Hidden in these moments are strengthened curiosity and innovation.Hurried parents often lack the ability to allow that time, fearing that their children might be late for their next scheduled activity. “It becomes clear that the educational system in the U．S.does not concern itself with children's intellectual lives，”warns Engel in the book.Instead, she hopes to reimagine schools as “idea factories”built on inspiring curiosity：Imagine assessing students' progress under some new headings: pose interesting questions...and spend time solving them. In one lovely example, Engel describes a teacher who challenged her students to construct a record­breaking straw chain measuring 3.8 miles.“Winning would be fun, but the cognitive (认知的) benefits would be far­reaching，”explains the teacher, whose goal was to help the children better understand the depth of the Mariana Trench. With scientific insight and vivid examples, Engel's book offers tips for how to make the learning more apparent.She encourages parents to see children as active thinkers and suggests that by asking open­ended questions and letting them explore, children will be better prepared for a complex and ever­changing world. [语篇解读]本文是说明文。文章通过介绍The Intellectual Lives of Children一书，探讨了如何将孩子爱玩的好奇心转变成真正的学习，即激发孩子的好奇心，通过玩耍让孩子充分探索、积极思考。 4．How will children's playful curiosity become real learning? A．By giving kids a time limit. B．By planning out extra activities. C．By remembering casual facts. D．By allowing kids to fully explore. D　[细节理解题。根据第一段的“The Intellectual Lives of Children allows readers to look into the minds of kids as they explore and learn in everyday moments, emphasizing what constitutes real learning”可知，The Intellectual Lives of Children一书让读者在孩子日常探索和学习时了解他们的想法，强调什么是真正的学习。第二段讲孩子天生就有爱玩的好奇心。根据第三段的“when children are allowed to dive into a topic thoroughly, they connect unrelated facts and generate new ideas”“The real mental work takes place as they play”可知，当孩子被允许深入研究一个话题时，他们会把不相关的事实联系起来，产生新的想法，真正的脑力劳动发生在他们玩耍的时候。第一段的“real learning”与第三段的“The real mental work”是同义表达，第一段的“explore and learn in everyday moments”与第三段的“dive into a topic”“play”均是孩子的“explorations”。由此可知，当孩子被允许充分探索时，他们爱玩的好奇心就会变成真正的学习。故选D。D项中的“fully”与第三段的“thoroughly”是同义表达。A项“通过给孩子一个时间限制”；B项“通过计划额外的活动”；C项“通过记住偶然的事实”。] 5．What's Engel's attitude toward American educational system? A．Critical. B．Unclear. C．Unconcerned. D．Tolerant. A　[观点态度题。根据第四段的“‘It becomes clear that the educational system in the U．S.does not concern itself with children's intellectual lives，’warns Engel in the book.Instead，she hopes to reimagine schools as ‘idea factories’ built on inspiring curiosity”可知，Engel在书中警告说，很明显，美国的教育系统并不关心孩子们的智力生活。相反，她希望将学校重新想象成建立在激发好奇心基础上的“创意工厂”。由此可知，Engel对美国的教育系统持批判态度，故选A。unclear“不确定的”；unconcerned“不关心的”；tolerant“容忍的”。] 6．What is special about Engel's book? A．It presents a complicated world. B．It promotes scheduled activities. C．It combines science and practice. D．It features open­ended questions. C　[细节理解题。根据最后一段的第一句话“With scientific insight and vivid examples, Engel's book offers tips for how to make the learning more apparent”可知，通过科学的见解和生动的例子，Engel的书提供了如何使学习更加明显的建议。由此可知，Engel的书结合了科学和实践。故选C。A项“它呈现一个复杂的世界”；B项“它促进预先安排的活动”；D项“它的特点是无确定答案的问题”。] 7．What is the best title for the text? A．Fun Inspires Kids' Curiosity B．Play Develops Better Thinkers C．Learning Feeds Young Minds D．Hurried Parents Teach Kids Well B　[标题归纳题。本文通过介绍The Intellectual Lives of Children一书强调通过玩耍让孩子充分探索，促使其真正学习，积极思考。A项“乐趣激发孩子的好奇心”；B项“玩耍培养更好的思考者”；C项“学习滋养年轻人的思想”；D项“匆忙的父母教好孩子”。故B项最适合作本文的标题。] C (2025·南京市学情调研)Can you think of someone who is an excellent communicator? He must have good skills of speaking confidently in various situations, including presentations, group discussions and activities.Also, he should be good at listening to others, understanding group dynamics, and promoting shared decision­making. Research on classroom­based group work reveals a paradox(悖论)：while cooperative learning can be highly effective, merely placing children in groups often proves unproductive.The solution lies in teaching children how to cooperate effectively.Teachers play a crucial role in this process through their interaction with students. To ensure effective group work, teachers must first raise students' awareness of the purpose and value of group activities.More importantly, they need to teach students how to engage in reasoned discussions, known as Exploratory Talk.This involves considering everyone's viewpoints, justifying opinions with reasons, and making collective decisions.In Exploratory Talk, participants engage critically but constructively with each other's ideas, invite contributions, and seek further explanations. Successful cooperation requires a reasoned discussion, which can be facilitated by establishing a set of “Ground Rules”for Exploratory Talk.These rules guide behaviors such as asking for information, seeking and providing reasons, and evaluating proposals.Ground Rules help children work towards joint conclusions, respect opinions, and develop their ideas.For instance, children learn to ask, “What do you think? Why？”and listen attentively to each other's responses, reaching reasoned conclusions. Exploratory Talk enhances group activities as a powerful learning tool.Certain activities, like Talking Points, are particularly effective in stimulating such discussions.Talking Points are inspiring statements designed to encourage children to share their knowledge and uncertainties on a specific topic.Research indicates that Talking Points bring about more imaginative and extensive responses than traditional questions.They help children focus on the topic and compare their viewpoints with others'.As they discuss, children realize that their ideas can develop with new evidence and that classmates are valuable resources for new thinking.With proper guidance, the students will soon begin to see their ideas flowing.And gradually they will learn to participate fully not only in education but also in life as well. [语篇解读]本文是说明文。文章解释了什么是小组工作悖论，并说明教师应如何引导学生进行合乎逻辑的讨论来解决小组工作悖论，从而让小组学习变得有效。 8．What may help solve the group work paradox? A．Active interaction among teachers. B．Group learning among students. C．Teachers' effective guidance. D．Students' deep engagement. C　[细节理解题。根据第二段内容可知，解决小组工作悖论的方法是教孩子如何有效合作，教师通过与学生互动而在这一过程中发挥重要作用。由此可知，教师的有效指导可以帮助解决小组工作悖论。故选C。] 9．Why should Ground Rules be set for the students? A．To popularize group activities. B．To build up their individuality. C．To stimulate more proposals. D．To encourage reasoning in talks. D　[推理判断题。根据第四段首句可知，成功的合作需要合乎逻辑的讨论，这一讨论可以通过建立一套“基本规则”来改善。由此可知，为学生制订基本规则的原因是鼓励学生在谈话中进行推理。故选D。] 10．What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A．Students should be challenged with uncertainties. B．Traditional questions should be avoided in classes. C．Well­designed brainstorming matters in group activities. D．Idea exchanges between the students deserve top priority. C　[推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知，探索性谈话作为一种强大的学习工具改善了小组活动。像谈话要点类的某些活动在激发这类讨论方面尤其有效。有了教师的适当指导，学生思维将会很快活跃起来。所以可推知，教师精心设计的头脑风暴会在小组活动中起重要作用。故选C。] 11．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text? A．Why Putting Children in Groups Doesn't Always Work B．What Effects a Good Communicator Has on Discussions C．Whether Teachers Should Use Exploratory Talk or Not D．Where Students' Participation in Activities Should Go A　[标题归纳题。本文主要解释了什么是小组工作悖论并说明教师应如何在教学中解决这一悖论，让小组学习变得有效。由此可知，A选项“为什么把孩子分组并不总是有效的”最符合文章主题。故选A。] Ⅱ.阅读七选五(共5小题，每小题2.5分，共12.5分) Human activities have made global rainfall more unstable over the past century, a new study suggests.1( ) Published Friday in the journal Science, it shows that rainfall variability has increased since the 20th century, ranging from global to regional scales and from daily to intraseasonal timescales. Rainfall variability refers to the unevenness of rainfall timing and rainfall amount.2( ) For example, some places may receive a year's rainfall in just a few days, experience downpours after long dry periods, or alternate rapidly between droughts and floods. By analyzing a wide range of observational data, the researchers found that rainfall variability has increased since the 20th century in about 75% of the land areas studied, especially in Europe, Australia and eastern North AmericA．3( ) 4( ) They identified the dominant role of anthropogenic(人为的)emissions of greenhouse gases.“The increase in rainfall variability is mainly due to anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions, which have led to a warmer and more humid atmosphere，”said Wenxia Zhang, lead author of the study.This means that even if the atmospheric circulation remains unchanged, the extra moisture in the air will lead to more intense rain events. Large and rapid fluctuations(波动)between extreme climates not only challenge the existing capabilities of contemporary weather and climate prediction systems, but also have chain effects on human society, threatening the economic development, ecosystem functions and terrestrial carbon sinks.5( ) A．Immediate adaptation measures are crucial to meet these challenges. B．Higher variability may bring more rain in a certain region. C．The study was conducted by researchers from the Institute of Atmospheric Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. D．To understand the causes of increased rainfall variability, the team furthered the research. E．Higher variability means that rainfall is more unevenly distributed over a period of time, leading to wet and dry periods. F．It was also found that daily variability in global rainfall has increased by 1．2% per decade. G．The study indicates that global rainfall will still increase in the next century. [语篇解读]本文是说明文。本文主要介绍了人类活动对全球降雨量稳定性的影响以及由此带来的挑战。 1．C　[空前谈到一项新的研究及其发现，空后谈到这项研究所在的出版物，故空处应是与这项研究有关的基本信息，为下文介绍研究内容做铺垫。C项“这项研究是由中国科学院大气物理研究所的研究人员进行的”符合语境。] 2．E　[空前谈到了降雨多变性的概念，再由空后举的例子“For example，some places...rapidly between droughts and floods”可知，一些地区可能在仅仅几天内就有一年的降雨量，可能在长时间干旱后经历暴雨，或者在旱灾和水灾之间快速交替。这个例子应该是降雨多变性会带来的后果。故E项“更高的多变性意味着降雨在一段时间内分布得更加不均匀，导致潮湿和干旱时期”与上下文衔接紧密。“降雨多变性”包含降雨量增加和减少两个方面，B项只提到某个区域会有更多降雨，过于片面，无法与上下文衔接。] 3．F　[上文谈到了研究人员的发现，自20世纪以来，在所研究的约75%陆地地区，尤其是欧洲、澳大利亚和北美东部，降雨多变性增加了，空处承接上文，应该是继续谈论研究发现，故F项“(研究人员)还发现，全球日降雨多变性每十年增加1．2%”与上文衔接紧密，also是关键词。] 4．D　[下文提到，他们确定了温室气体的人为排放物的显著作用，并介绍了研究人员对降雨多变性增加原因的研究发现。这些是更深入的研究结果，空后的They应该指的是研究人员，故D项“为了理解降雨多变性增加的原因，研究团队进行了深入研究”符合语境，其中的“the causes”与下文中的“mainly due to”呼应，“the team”与“They”呼应。] 5．A　[上文谈到极端气候之间的大幅度快速波动不仅挑战了当代天气和气候预测系统的现有能力，而且会对人类社会产生连锁影响，威胁到经济发展、生态系统功能和陆地碳汇。A项“立即采取适应措施对于应对这些挑战至关重要”总结上文，发出呼吁。其中的“these challenges”与上文提到的挑战和影响相呼应。] B卷 (时间：30分钟　满分：40分) Ⅰ.阅读理解(共4小题，每小题2.5分，共10分) (2025·杭州市高三质量检测)A few days ago, I watched a video of myself talking in perfect Chinese.I've been studying the language on and off for only a few years, and I'm far from fluent.But there I was, pronouncing each character just as a native speaker would.“My favorite food is sushi，”I said—wo zui xihuan de shiwu shi shousi. I'd created the video using software from a Los Angeles­based artificial­intelligence start­up called HeyGen.The technology, which only needs a single selfie and a script to generate deepfake videos of real people “saying”almost anything，is a testament (证明) to the advancements in AI language tools.This got me thinking about the declining interest in language learning with fewer students enrolling in foreign language courses and the decrease of English proficiency among young people in some places. AI translation, integrated into social media and messaging platforms, seems to be everywhere.Even language­learning apps are using AI­generated content in their marketing.However, language translation is an art rather than a science.Something enormous will be lost in exchange for that convenience.As Anne, a Chinese translator said, “Building a ladder between widely different languages, such as Chinese and English, is sometimes as difficult as a doctor building a bridge in a patient's heart.” Language learning fosters cultural competency, a skill that AI cannot simply copy.Learning a different way to speak, read, and write helps people discover new ways to see the world.No machine can replace such a profoundly human experience.Deborah Cohn, a language professor, emphasizes that language learning is actually about understanding and connecting with different cultures.Instead of abandoning language courses in favor of AI, some educators advocate for emphasizing the intercultural aspects of language learning.Paula Krebs of the MLA (Modern Language Association) points out that even with a “universal translator”，sometimes, the greater meaning of people's utterance(言辞)remains a mystery. In essence, while AI language tools offer convenience, they lack the depth and cultural insight that comes from human language learning.The challenge and beauty of learning a language are in understanding the cultural tapestry(丰富多彩)that weaves through words, something AI has yet to achieve. [语篇解读]本文是说明文。学习一门语言能使人有效进行跨文化交流，人工智能语言工具为语言学习提供了便利，但它们缺乏人类语言学习的深度和文化洞察力。 1．Why does the author give the example in Paragraph 1? A．To promote the language software. B．To show off her Chinese language skills. C．To prove learning a language is a wasted effort. D．To encourage critical thinking about AI language tools. D　[推理判断题。作者在第一段介绍了自己说中文的视频，然后在第二段具体解释了该视频的制作方法以证明人工智能语言工具的进步，接着说“This got me thinking about the declining interest in language learning...young people in some places”(这让我想到了语言学习兴趣下降，注册学习外语课程的学生越来越少，一些地方年轻人的英语熟练度也在下降)。由此可知，该视频激发了作者对人工智能语言工具的批判性思考，故选D。] 2．What can we learn from Paragraph 3? A．AI translation deserves more attention. B．Language apps play a key role in marketing. C．Language translation is far beyond technology. D．Learning a different language is an uphill battle. C　[细节理解题。第三段前两句讲人工智能翻译似乎无处不在；接着用However引起转折，说明语言翻译是一门艺术而不是一门科学。由此可知，语言翻译远远超出了技术的范畴。故选C。A项“人工智能翻译值得更多关注”；B项“语言应用程序在市场营销中发挥着关键作用”；D项“学习一门不同的语言是一场艰难的战斗”。] 3．What is the key benefit of learning a language according to the passage? A．Better digital literacy. B．Improved translation skills. C．Deeper cultural confidence. D．Effective intercultural interaction. D　[细节理解题。第四段第一句讲语言学习培养文化能力，这是人工智能无法简单复制的技能。根据第四段Deborah Cohn强调的“language learning is actually about understanding and connecting with different cultures”可知，语言学习实际上是理解和联系不同的文化。另外第四段还提到一些教育家主张强调语言学习的跨文化方面。综上可知，学习一门语言的主要好处是能够使人们有效进行跨文化交流。故选D。] 4．What does the author imply in the last paragraph? A．AI language tools offer convenience. B．AI facilitates language learning in terms of culture. C．AI is far from perfect in helping language understanding. D．AI has achieved success in the development of language learning tools. C　[推理判断题。最后一段提到，本质上，虽然人工智能语言工具提供了便利，但它们缺乏人类语言学习的深度和文化洞察力，学习一门语言的挑战和美妙之处在于理解通过文字编织的文化多样性，这是人工智能尚未实现的。由此可知，人工智能在帮助理解语言方面还远远不够完美，故选C。A项“人工智能语言工具提供便利”；B项“人工智能从文化角度促进语言学习”；D项“人工智能在开发语言学习工具方面取得了成功”。] Ⅱ.完形填空(共15小题，每小题1分，共15分) (2025·杭州市高三质量检测)“You're a corner person? I'm a corner person, too！”my friend said with a grin as he 1 my corner­house driveway.While many people avoid corner lots, I actually 2 the idea of a corner house. You can enrich the lives of neighbors and passers­by by creating 3 ．Over the years, I've grown many different herbs(香草), in pots and containers at the edge of my driveway. 4 walk by and stop to take a few for their dinner plans, and later they may 5 give me a serving of the 6 product.The herb idea has led to many 7 as well as gifts. I also began a newspaper 8 out the front years ago.After reading the papers myself, I put them out on a little table with a 9 ，“Help yourself to a newspaper.”Many come for the papers.I've even heard people 10 at what time my papers will be out on the table. Every New Year's Eve, my “corner person”friend would create a magical 11 window in his neighborhood, which includes a slide show of the season's favorite music videos.As people walk by his corner in the 12 ，their lives are brightened by this creative display of 13 ． Cities can bring people together, and the corner lot person 14 this beautifully.Do you now 15 to be a corner person? Let's meet at my corner to discuss further! [语篇解读]本文是议论文。本文主要讲述了作者作为“街角人”的经历与感受。作者喜欢住在街角房子，并在车道边缘种上香草与他人分享。作者还开展了报纸分享项目。这种城市中的角落交流很好地证明了城市能把人聚在一起的特点。 1． A．turned off B．pulled into C．checked out D．zoomed past B　[根据上文中作者朋友和作者说话，以及空后的“my corner­house driveway”(我街角房子的车道)，并结合道路安全常识可知，作者的朋友把车驶入了作者家的车道并停下来和作者说话，故选B，pull into“使驶入停下”。turn off“拐弯，驶离”；check out“调查，检查”；zoom past“疾驰而过，飞速而过”。] 2． A．welcome B．doubt C．review D．invent A　[上文讲到了“While many people avoid corner lots”(许多人会避开角落的地段)，While表示对比，所以可以推测，作者与许多人喜好不同，由此可见，作者乐意接受街角的房子，故选A，welcome“乐意接纳，欣然接受”。doubt“怀疑”；review“复查，重新考虑”；invent“发明”。] 3． A．imaginations B．sales C．connections D．responsibilities C　[根据下文中的“I've grown many different herbs(香草)...stop to take a few for their dinner plans, and later they may 5 give me a serving of the 6 product”可知，作者通过在车道边缘种香草，与他人之间建立了联系(connections)，进而丰富了邻居和路人的生活，故选C。imagination“想象力，想象”；responsibility“责任”。] 4． A．Friends B．Hosts C．Relatives D．Neighbors D　[根据上文中的“You can enrich the lives of neighbors and passers­by”(你可以丰富邻居和路人的生活)可知，此处讲到的路过并停下来拿香草的应该是邻居(neighbors)。host“主人，节目主持人”；relative“亲戚，亲属”。] 5． A．even B．never C．always D．sometimes A　[根据上文中的“walk by and stop to take a few for their dinner plans”(路过并停下来拿香草去做晚饭)和下文中的“give me a serving of the 6 product”可知，前后句之间形成了递进关系，应用even。句意：邻居们路过，并停下来为晚餐拿一些香草，之后他们甚至可能会给我一份做好的成品。] 6． A．labeled B．delivered C．finished D．diversified C　[根据上文中的“take a few for their dinner plans”和“give me a serving”可以推断，邻居拿香草之后，会回馈以作者一份做好的晚饭，故用finished。label“贴标签于，用标签标明”；deliver“递送，传送”；diversify“(使)多样化，变化，不同”。] 7． A．acts B．jokes C．pictures D．conversations D　[根据上文可知，作者和邻居间建立了联系，他们总是礼尚往来，空处与gifts并列，因此可推断，香草给作者带来了很多对话(conversations)和礼物。] 8． A．job B．story C．project D．experiment C　[上文讲到作者通过香草拉近了和邻居间的关系。根据下文中的“Help yourself to a newspaper”(请自取报纸)并结合选项可知，这是作者自香草之后，另一个拉近邻里关系的项目(project)，故选C。experiment“试验”。空后的out the front表示“在门外”。] 9． A．warning B．sign C．suggestion D．poster B　[空处指的是空后的“Help yourself to a newspaper”，这是作者用来提示别人的指示牌(sign)，故选B。warning“警告，警示”；poster“海报”。] 10．A．laugh B．estimate C．quarrel D．complain B　[根据空后的“at what time my papers will be out on the table”(我的报纸什么时候会放到外面的桌子上)可知，这是想要自取报纸的人在推测，故选B。estimate“估计”；quarrel“争吵”；complain“抱怨，埋怨，发牢骚”。] 11．A．shop B．holiday C．car D．back B　[根据上文中的“Every New Year's Eve”和下文中的“which includes a slide show of the season's favorite music videos”(其中包括当季最受喜爱的音乐视频的幻灯片)可推测，每个除夕夜，作者的街角朋友都会装扮一个神奇的节日(holiday)窗户。] 12．A．morning B．afternoon C．darkness D．daylight C　[根据上文中的“Every New Year's Eve”和下文中的“are brightened”可知，人们在黑暗(darkness)中经过街角。] 13．A．joy B．generosity C．colors D．decorations A　[根据上文中的“Every New Year's...a magical 11 window”可知，朋友营造出了节日氛围，因此这里是说，走过黑暗街角的人们的生活会被富有创意的欢乐(joy)展示而点亮。generosity“慷慨，大方，宽宏大量”；decoration“装饰品”。] 14．A．paints B．remembers C．considers D．illustrates D　[根据上文的描述可知，作者通过展示自己在街角融洽愉快的生活，很好地证明(illustrates)了城市让人们走到一起这一点。] 15．A．desire B．vote C．need D．volunteer A　[上文描述了作者美好的街角生活，结合空后热情洋溢的“Let's meet at my corner to discuss further！”(让我们在我的街角见面进一步讨论)可知，此处询问“你现在渴望(desire)成为街角人吗？”，故选A。vote“投票”；volunteer“自愿做”。] Ⅲ.语法填空(共10个空，每空1．5分，共15分) Nearly three decades have passed, but 57­year­old Xu Jiadong still remembers the day when he first went into 1 bamboo forest with his father to “handpick the ones that he would later use 2 (make) the ribs (肋骨状物) of folding fans”． It was in early January in Anji county of eastern China's Zhejiang Province, 3 a special type of bamboo known as yu zhu, or “jade bamboo”，grows in abundance.That's where Xu, then in his late 20s, 4 (give) lessons by the old man while breathing in the chilly mountain air. “For the purpose of fan­making, bamboo can neither be too young nor too old.Generally speaking, plants that have grown to 5 years old are the most 5 (desire)，”Xu says.“One thing my father always asked me to look for was the natural layer of the white，waxy(蜡制的)substance 6 (coat) the plant.”This is bamboo wax, and when removed off, the green color underneath is revealed—thus it's known as “jade bamboo”． “7 (artist) from ancient China, especially those living in difficult times, often painted wind­swept or rain­slashed bamboo plants, inspired 8 (equal) by their resilience and 9 (flexible)，”says Wang Yimin, an ancient Chinese painting expert from Beijing's Palace Museum.“It's also worth noting that jie, the Chinese character for bamboo joints, also means integrity.” By the time the folding fan became popular in the country in the 14th century, bamboo had long entered the Chinese visual and literary tradition, a powerful symbol for those who would like to think of themselves 10 men of virtue. [语篇解读]本文是说明文。本文主要介绍了浙江省安吉县用来制作扇子玉竹的情况和中国古代艺术家受到竹子韧性和灵活性影响经常画被风吹雨打的竹子等信息。 1．a　[考查冠词。根据句意可知，此处泛指一个竹林，且bamboo的发音以辅音音素开头，故用不定冠词a。句意：近30年过去了，但57岁的徐家东仍然记得他第一次和父亲一起走进一个竹林的那一天，他“亲手挑选了一些竹子，后来用来制作折扇的骨”。] 2．to make　[考查非谓语动词。本句使用了use...to do sth结构，表示“使用……做……”，该句中use的宾语是前面的关系代词that，故填to make。] 3．where　[考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，该空引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词“Anji county of eastern China's Zhejiang Province”，先行词为表示地点的名词，该空指代先行词，在从句中作地点状语，故用关系副词where。] 4．was given　[考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。在where引导的表语从句中，Xu是主语，因此该空应填谓语动词。根据前面的时间状语“then in his late 20s”可知应该用一般过去时；再根据语境和后面by的暗示可知，此处用一般过去时的被动语态；Xu为第三人称单数。故填 was given。句意：在那里，当时快30岁的徐家东呼吸着寒冷的山间空气，接受老人的指导。] 5．desirable　[考查形容词。根据空前的are可知此处为表语；再结合the most 可知此处是形容词的最高级。所以填desirable。句意：一般来说，长了5年的植物是最理想的。] 6．coating　[考查非谓语动词。substance与动词coat为逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词短语充当定语修饰substance。此处coat为熟词生义，意为“覆盖”。句意：我父亲总是让我去寻找的一样东西，就是覆盖在植物表面的天然白色蜡状物质。] 7．Artists　[考查名词复数。此处用复数名词表示一类人，注意因位于句首，首字母要大写。] 8．equally　[考查副词。此处用副词修饰动词 inspired。句意：中国古代的艺术家，尤其是那些生活在困难时期的艺术家，同样受到竹子的韧性和灵活性的启发，经常画被风刮过或被雨打过的竹子。] 9．flexibility　[考查名词。根据上文的their resilience可知，此处用flexible的名词形式flexibility与resilience并列。] 10．as　[考查介词。此处考查固定短语think of...as...，意为“把……看作……”。句意：到14世纪折扇在中国流行开来时，竹子早已进入中国的视觉和文学传统，成为那些希望将自己视为君子的人强有力的象征。] 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $