选择性必修第二册 UNIT 4 HUMOUR（教师用书Word）-【正禾一本通】2026年新高考英语高三一轮总复习高效讲义（北师大版）

任务(一)　单词背诵 重点词汇 1．comedy 　　 　 n．喜剧；喜剧片 2．cross talk 相声 3．plot n．(书、电影、戏剧的)情节 4．accent n．口音 5．imitate vt.模仿 6．well­being n．舒适；健康；幸福 7．referee n．裁判(员) 8．saucer n．杯托 9．doorway n．门口，出入口 10．deduce vt.推论，推断 11．astronomy n．天文学 12．galaxy n．星系 13．surgery n．诊所；外科手术 14．circus n．马戏团 15．clown n．小丑 16．blood vessel 　　　　 血管 17．far­reaching adj.影响深远的 18．immune adj.有免疫力的 19．cell n．细胞 20．incorporate vt.把……并入；包含 21．comedian n．喜剧演员 22．episode n．一集 23．steak n．牛排 24．vase n．花瓶 25．purse n．女用手提包；女式钱包 26．contemporary adj.当代的 27．screenwriter n．影视剧本作家，编剧 28．electrical engineering 电力(电气)工程学 29．producer n．制作人，制片人 30．agent n．代理人 写作词汇 1．pretend to be someone else 假装成另一个人 2．facial expressions 面部表情 3．enhance the sense of teamwork增强团队合作意识 4．be terrified of spiders害怕蜘蛛 5．make me feel dizzy使我感到头晕目眩 6．collapse at any moment 随时可能会倒下 7．be quickly consumed by fire很快被大火吞噬 8．a faithful reader忠实读者 9．a middle­aged, married businessman已婚的中年商人 10．coughs and sneezes咳嗽和喷嚏 11．financial crisis 金融危机 12．shortly afterwards不久之后 13．relieve tension 缓解紧张 14．relax the physical muscles in our body放松我们身体的肌肉 15．in a good mood 心情好 16．whisper in my ear 在我耳边低语 17．blush with embarrassment/shame尴尬/羞愧得面颊绯红 18．have a good/bad reputation有好/坏名声 19．constantly encounter awkward situations经常遇到尴尬的情况 20．a universal language 全世界通用的语言 21．work with mostly highly motivated people与大多都积极性很高的人共事 22．his clumsy movement 他笨拙的动作 23．on the contrary 恰恰相反 24．high/low academic standards高/低学术水平 25．attain a scholarship 获得奖学金 26．obtain valuable information获取宝贵的信息 27．have a terrible stutter患严重口吃 28．a genius who is rarely met 一个罕见的天才 29．be convinced of her innocence坚信她是清白无辜的 30．demand an immediate explanation要求立即作出解释 31．her command of the Chinese idiom她对汉语方言的掌握 拓展词汇 1．humorous adj.　　 幽默的，诙谐的 humour n. 幽默，诙谐 humorously adv. 幽默地 2．interact vi. 交往；交流；相互作用 interaction n. 交流；互动；相互作用 interactive adj. 互动的，交互的；合作的 3．anxiety n. 焦虑，不安，担心；渴望 anxious adj. 焦虑的，不安的，担心的；渴望的 anxiously adv. 焦虑地，不安地 4．significant adj. 重要的，重大的；显著的 significance n. 重要性 5．terrified adj. 惊恐的 terrify vt. 使惊恐 terrifying adj. 吓人的；令人害怕的 terror n. 恐怖 6．unbalanced adj. 不平衡的 balanced adj. 平衡的，均衡的 balance n. 均衡，平衡 v. (使)保持平衡 7． embarrassed adj. 难堪的，尴尬的 embarrass vt. 使人难堪，令人尴尬 embarrassing adj. 令人难堪的，令人尴尬的 embarrassment n. 尴尬，窘迫 8．confused adj. 困惑的 confuse vt. 使困惑；使复杂化 confusing adj. 令人困惑的 confusion n. 混乱；困惑 9．potential n. 潜力，潜能 adj. 潜在的，可能的 potentially adv. 可能地，潜在地 10．casually adv. 漫不经心地；非正式地 casual adj. 随便的；非正式的 11．innocently adv. 装作若无其事地；无辜地 innocent adj. 无罪的；无辜的；天真的 innocence n. 无罪；无辜；单纯 12．scientific adj. 科学(上)的 science n. 科学 scientist n. 科学家 13．measurement n. 测量，计量，衡量 measure n. 措施；方法；(一定的)量；尺度 v. 测量；度量 14．bleed vi.　　　 　　 流血，出血 blood n. 血液；血 bloody adj. 流血的；血腥的 15．consultation n. 就诊；咨询 consult v. 商量；咨询 consultant n. 顾问；咨询师 16．examine vt. 检查 examination n. 检查 examiner n. 主考人，考官 17．announce vt. 宣布，宣告 announcement n. 宣布，宣告 announcer n. 广播员 18．deserve vt. 应得，应受到 deserving adj. 值得的；应得的 19．psychological adj. 心理的，精神的 psychology n. 心理学 psychologist n. 心理学家 20．energise vt. 使充满活力；使增强决心 energy n. 精力，活力 energetic adj. 精力充沛的 energetically adv. 精力充沛地 21．infection n. 感染；传染 infect vt. 感染；传染 infectious adj. 传染性的；有传染力的 22．accidentally adv. 偶然地，意外地 accidental adj. 偶然的，意外的 accident n. (交通)事故；偶然，意外 23．expense n. 费用，花费 expensive adj. 昂贵的 inexpensive adj. 便宜的 24．nationality n. 国籍 nation n. 国家 national adj. 国家的 25．amuse vt. 使开心；逗笑 amusing adj. 好笑的，有趣的 amused adj. 逗乐的；觉得好笑的 amusement n. 愉悦；娱乐；娱乐活动 26．rely vi. 依赖 reliable adj. 可靠的 27．purely adv. 完全地，纯粹地，仅仅 pure adj. 纯的；纯粹的；纯洁的；完全的 28．astonished adj. 吃惊的，惊讶的 astonish vt. 使吃惊，使惊讶 astonishing adj. 令人吃惊的，令人惊讶的 astonishment n. 吃惊，惊讶 29．creation n.　　　　 创造物，作品 create vt. 创造 creative adj. 创造(性)的；创作的；有创造力的 creativity n. 创造力；创造性 30．talent n. 天资，天赋；人才，天才 talented adj. 有天赋的；有才干的 31．unfortunate adj. 不幸的，倒霉的 unfortunately adv. 不幸地 fortune n. 大笔的钱；时运 32．loosely adv. 不严谨地 loose adj. 松的；宽松的；松散的 loosen vt.& vi. (使)变松；松开(手等) 33．criticise vi.& vt.　 批评，指责 critical adj. 关键的；(病情或局势)危急的；批评的；挑剔的 critic n. 批评家；评论员 34．politician n. 政治家 politics n. 政治；权术 political adj. 政治的；政府的 35．bath n. 浴室 vi. 洗澡 bathe vt. 使沐浴；用水洗 vi. 洗澡 教材外课标词汇 1．mount /maʊnt/ n．山峰 vt.爬上；骑上 2．mushroom /'mʌʃrʊm/ n．蘑菇；蕈 3．nail /neɪl/ n．指甲；趾甲；钉子 vt.(用钉子) 钉牢；固定 4．narrow /'nærəʊ/ adj.狭窄的 vi.& vt.(使)变窄 5．negative /'neɡətɪv/ adj.消极的；有害的；否定的 6．nest /nest/ n．巢穴；鸟窝；秘密窝点 7．nuclear /'njuːkliə(r)/ adj.原子能的；核能的；原子核的 8．nut /nʌt/ n．坚果 9．nutrition /njuː'trɪʃən/ n．营养；滋养 10．output /'aʊtpʊt/ n．产量；输出；输出量 vt.(output, output)输出 11．pan /pæn/ n．平底锅；烧盘 12．panel /'pænəl/ n．控制板；仪表盘；专家咨询组 一词多义 1．swing 　①n.挥动，挥舞；秋千 ②vi.& vt.(使)摆动；(使)转动；朝……打去；荡秋千；情绪改变 2．antique ①n.古董 ②adj.古时制造的 3．forecast ①vt.预测，预报 ②n.预测，预报 4．scream ①vi.尖声大叫 ②n.尖叫声 5．log ①n.大木头，原木；(事件的)正式记录，日志 ②vt.(正式)记录；采伐(森林的)树木 熟词生义 1．atmosphere　[常见义]n.大气(层)→[生僻义]n.气氛，氛围，环境 2．mirror [常见义]n.镜子；写照→[生僻义]vt.反映；映照；映出；反射 3．raw [常见义]adj.生的→[生僻义]adj.不熟练的 4．appetite [常见义]n.胃口，食欲→[生僻义]n.欲望 5．chew [常见义]vi.& vt.咀嚼→[生僻义]vt.深思 词源猜义 1．astronomy　 astro (星星)＋nomy(某一领域的知识)→研究与星星有关的知识→引申为：n.天文学 2．comedian　 com (欢乐)＋edi (歌唱)＋an(表示人)→带来欢乐的人→引申为：n.喜剧演员 3．pretend　 pre (前)＋tend (伸展)→向前伸展→引申为：v.假装，伪装 4．enhance　 en(使)＋hance(高)→使变高→引申为：v.提高，增强 5．collapse　 col (共同)＋laps (滑倒)＋e→共同滑倒→引申为：v.倒塌，崩溃 6．reputation　 re (反复)＋put (思考)＋ation(名词词缀)→反复思考的结果→引申为：n.名声，声誉 7．encounter　 en (进入)＋counter(相对)→进入相对的位置→引申为：v.遭遇，遇到 8．contrary　 contra (相反)＋ary(形容词词缀)→相反的→引申为：adj.相反的 n．反面 9．scholarship　 scholar (学者)＋ship(名词词缀)→学者的身份或地位→引申为：n.奖学金；学术 10．significant　 sign (标志)＋fic (做)＋ant(形容词词缀)→做出标志的→引申为：adj.重要的，有意义的 任务(二)　短语、句式、语篇背诵 Ⅰ.短语巧学助记 1．rely on/upon 　 　　 　　 依赖；信赖 2．be terrified of 害怕 3．interact with 与……相互作用/配合 4．at sb's expense 嘲笑某人 5．for sale 待售 6．save sb from doing sth 免去某人做……的麻烦 7．wake up 醒来；活跃起来 8．turn to 转向；求助于 9．make an attempt to do 尝试/企图做 10．feel down　　　　　　 感到沮丧；情绪消沉 11．with concern 关切地；担心地 12．busy oneself doing sth 忙于做某事 13．let alone 更不用说 14．hand over 移交 15．on the contrary 相反 16．over and over again 反复 17．set up ①创立，建立 ②筹备 Ⅱ.句式遮挡背诵 1．Hey，for the 200 dollars I wonder if you could throw in that old saucer.(wonder if...) 2．Finally，after he had been waiting for about half an hour，he was called in for his consultation.(had been doing) 3．The doctor was writing a note at her desk when he came in.(be doing...when...) 4．After a moment，he looks back at the envelope but this time he looks surprised，as if he did not know it was there.(as if引导虚拟语气) 5．He becomes so desperate in the end that he even hides some inside the purse of a woman sitting near him and throws some down the trousers of the restaurant's violinist！(so...that...) 6．In the second round，I took such a hard hit from my opponent that I felt dizzy and unbalanced.(such...that...) [遮住左栏尝试背诵] 1．嘿，200 美元的话能不能把那个旧碟子也送给我。 2．等了大约半小时后，终于叫到他咨询了。 3．他进去时医生正在办公桌上写便条。 4．过了一会儿，他再看那个信封，但这次他露出了惊讶的表情，好像完全不知道它在那里。 5．最后他无计可施，居然把一部分生肉藏在坐在他旁边的女士的包里，还把一部分塞进餐厅小提琴手的裤子里！ 6．在第二回合，我被对手重重地打了一下，我感到头晕并失去平衡。 Ⅲ.语篇词汇串记 　　He is a contemporary genius comedian in China and has obtained a good reputation for amusing people.The middle­aged man has a talent for comedy and has the potential to present some serious topics in a humorous way.He can imitate many different accents，for which his creations can improve people's moods.In one movie，he acts as Mr Ma, a painter who commits himself to enhancing the well­being of the people in western China．His wife，however, is convinced that he is studying painting in Russia．She often has video chats with Ma．Every time his secret is to be exposed，Ma will stay motionless and pretend that the network is not working.We can feel his embarrassment across the screen.In one scene，his facial expression was so amusing that the audience burst into laughter.Other performers，however，kept strange postures for long and we can even feel the tension of their muscles.Afterwards，when the conversation finally finished，they collapsed in the field.His films are always full of joyous atmosphere.And mostly he will attain good remarks.Rarely will people criticise his films for loosely written plots.After all，you can't rely on a comedy to be purely faithful to reality. [遮住左栏，忆加黑词汇] 他是中国当代天才喜剧演员，以逗人开心而享有盛誉。这个中年男人有喜剧天赋，有着以幽默的方式呈现严肃话题的潜力。他可以模仿许多不同的口音，因此他的创作可以改善人们的情绪。在一部电影中，他饰演一位致力于改善中国西部人民福祉的画家马先生。然而，他的妻子却以为他正在俄罗斯学习绘画。她经常和马先生视频聊天。每次他的秘密快要被揭露时，他都会一动不动，假装网络故障。我们隔着屏幕都能感觉到他的尴尬。在一个场景中，他的面部表情如此有趣，以至于观众哄堂大笑。然而，其他演员长时间保持奇怪的姿势，我们甚至可以感觉到他们紧张的肌肉。后来，当谈话终于结束时，他们倒在了田野里。他的电影总是充满欢乐的气氛，而且大多数会得到好评。很少有人会因为情节松散而批评他的电影。毕竟，你不能指望一部喜剧完全忠实于现实。 任务(三)　背诵过关测＋练 一、单词过关测＋练 阅读词汇知其意 1．comedy 　　　 n．喜剧；喜剧片 2．plot n．(书、电影、戏剧的)情节 3．accent n．口音 4．imitate vt.模仿 5．well­being n．舒适；健康；幸福 6．referee n．裁判(员) 7．doorway n．门口，出入口 8．antique n．古董 adj.古时制造的 9．deduce vt.推论，推断 10．astronomy n．天文学 11．surgery n．诊所；外科手术 12．circus n．马戏团 13．clown n．小丑 14．blood vessel 血管 15．far­reaching 　 adj.影响深远的 16．immune adj.有免疫力的 17．cell n．细胞 18．incorporate vt.把……并入；包含 19．comedian n．喜剧演员 20．steak n．牛排 21．raw adj.生的 22．vase n．花瓶 23．purse n．女用手提包；女式钱包 24．contemporary adj.当代的 25．screenwriter n．影视剧本作家，编剧 26．electrical engineering 电力(电气)工程学 27．producer n．制作人，制片人 28．agent n．代理人 核心词汇写其形 Ⅰ.单词默写检测 1．facial 　 　　 adj.面部的；脸上的 2．collapse vi.突然倒下 3．idiom n．成语 4．appetite n．胃口，食欲 5．forecast vt.预测，预报 6．middle­aged adj.中年的 7．sneeze vi.& n．打喷嚏 8．scream vi.尖声大叫 n．尖叫声 9．crisis n．危难时刻；危机 10．afterwards adv.随后，后来 11．muscle n．肌肉 12．whisper vi.& vt.悄声说，低语，耳语 13．blush vi.脸红 14．universal　　 adj.广泛适用的；共同的，普遍的 15．chew vi.& vt.咀嚼 16．mostly adv.主要地；大部分 17．clumsy adj.笨拙的，不灵活的 18．contrary n．正相反，恰恰相反 19．academic adj.学术的 20．scholarship n．奖学金 21．attain vt.得到，获得 22．obtain vt.获得，得到 23．stutter n．结巴，口吃 24．mirror n．镜子 25．rarely adv.很少，难得 26．genius n．天才，天赋；天才人物 27．demand vt.要求 Ⅱ.单词语境练 28．(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)The reasons relate to a variety of factors, including reduced concentration, an entertainment mindset (心态) and a tendency to multitask while consuming (消费) digital content. 29．(2023·全国乙卷)I find during the winter months，plants around the house can really lift your mood (情绪). 30．Encountering (遇到) a frightening beast on the way to the market the other day，the servant fled with her heart beating wildly. 31．I made up my mind to seize the opportunity to enhance (提高) my overall competence. 32．The meeting was held in a lively atmosphere (气氛) where everybody felt free to share his/her ideas. 33．The guy felt dizzy (头晕目眩的) and sick because of mild electric shock. 34．Not only did the race improve our physical (身体的) and psychological quality，but it also helped us build a positive attitude towards life. 35．As they were still breathless，with their hearts beating wildly，they were convinced (确信的) that what had happened just now was true. 36．During her film career，she acquired a reputation (名誉，名望) as a strong­willed，outspoken woman. 37．The detective，pretending (假装) to be reading a newspaper，glanced at the man. 38．The happy girl swung (荡秋千) higher and higher while she sat on the swing (秋千)，with her mother pushing her. 拓展词汇通其变 Ⅰ.词族拓展检测 1．humorous adj.幽默的，诙谐的→humour n．幽默，诙谐→humorously adv.幽默地 2．interact vi.交往；交流；相互作用→interaction n．交流；互动；相互作用→interactive adj.互动的，交互的；合作的 3．anxiety n．焦虑，不安，担心；渴望→anxious adj.焦虑的，不安的，担心的；渴望的→anxiously adv.焦虑地，不安地 4．terrified adj.惊恐的→terrify vt.使惊恐→terrifying adj.吓人的；令人害怕的→terror n．恐怖 5．unbalanced adj.不平衡的→balanced adj.平衡的，均衡的→balance n．均衡，平衡 v．(使)保持平衡 6．potential n．潜力，潜能adj.潜在的，可能的→potentially adv.可能地，潜在地 7．casually adv.漫不经心地；非正式地→casual adj.随便的；非正式的 8．innocently adv.装作若无其事地；无辜地→innocent adj.无罪的；无辜的；天真的→innocence n．无罪；无辜；单纯 9．measurement n．测量，计量，衡量→measure n．措施；方法；(一定的)量；尺度 v．测量；度量 10．bleed vi.流血，出血→blood n．血液；血→bloody adj.流血的；血腥的 11．deserve vt.应得，应受到→deserving adj.值得的；应得的 12．accidentally adv.偶然地，意外地→accidental adj.偶然的，意外的→accident n．(交通)事故；偶然，意外 13．expense n．费用，花费→expensive adj.昂贵的→inexpensive adj.便宜的 14．nationality n．国籍→nation n．国家→national adj.国家的 15．purely adv.完全地，纯粹地，仅仅→pure adj.纯的；纯粹的；纯洁的；完全的 16．bath n．浴室vi.洗澡→bathe vt.(使)沐浴；用水洗 vi.洗澡 17．unfortunate adj.不幸的，倒霉的→unfortunately adv.不幸地→fortune n．大笔的钱；时运 18．loosely adv.不严谨地→loose adj.松的；宽松的；松散的→loosen vt.& vi.(使)变松；松开(手等) 19．politician n．政治家→politics n．政治；权术→political adj.政治的；政府的 Ⅱ.词族语境练 20．(2024·浙江1月卷)Hoping to impress some talented (talent) actors to come and work for me for nothing, I spread some throws over the sofas and lit candles to make it seem a bit more “young professional”． 21．Most students think it significant to join the English corner，though a few haven't realised the significance of it.(significance) 22．Mary announced to her teammates that she was to marry a Chinese boy，whose announcement of their marriage will appear in the local newspaper next week.(announce) 23．The young inventor was really confused by the confusing problem which also confused other people for a long time.(confuse) 24．I have faith in him because he has served us faithfully for many years，and I think he is a faithful and honest friend.(faith) 25．Many parents feel some teachers in this kindergarten are not reliable and they can't rely on them to look after their children well.(rely) 26．To my astonishment，he didn't feel astonished at the astonishing news that his brother died.(astonish) 27．It's believed that hard work can create wealth but the creation of wealth also needs creative quality.(create) 28．The scientists worked hard together day and night and eventually came to a scientific conclusion.(science) 29．You'd better have a physical examination and let the doctors examine you thoroughly.(examine) 30．The less you exercise，the less energetic you will be.A proper amount of exercise will energise your entire body.(energy) 31．He got infected with cholera，an infectious disease and was afraid of dying of the infection．(infect) 32．There are many amusing facilities in the amusement park and children are all amused in the park.(amuse) 33．The girl felt embarrassed when seeing the embarrassing pictures.She turned away with embarrassment．(embarrass) 二、短语过关测＋练 短语翻译 短语语境练(选用左栏短语填空) 第一组 1．at sb's expense　　　　 嘲笑某人 2．rely on/upon 依赖；信赖 3．for sale 待售 4．save sb from doing sth 免去某人做……的麻烦 5．wake up 醒来；活跃起来 6．turn to 转向；求助于 第二组 7．make an attempt to do 尝试/企图做 8．feel down 感到沮丧；情绪消沉 9．with concern 关切地；担心地 10．busy oneself doing sth 忙于做某事 11．on the contrary 相反 12．let alone 更不用说 13．Contrary to popular belief，reading the English newspaper Youth doesn't waste my time; on the contrary，it improves my overall competence. 14．Whenever some troublesome problems emerged，I would rely on/upon him to give me a hand. 15．I turned to him for help，but he gave me a cold shoulder. 16．I woke up in the middle of the night and could hear a tapping on the window. 17．The last thing I want to do when I'm feeling down or depressed is move，let alone exercise. 18．The 12­year­old boy even can't reach the pedals，let alone drive the car. 19．The team made an attempt to climb the mountain，but it was a pity that they didn't make it. 三、句式过关测 1．嘿，200 美元的话能不能把那个旧碟子也送给我。(wonder if...) Hey，for the 200 dollars I wonder if you could throw in that old saucer． 2．等了大约半小时后，终于叫到他咨询了。(had been doing) Finally，after he had been waiting for about half an hour，he was called in for his consultation. 3．他进去时医生正在办公桌上写便条。(be doing...when...) The doctor was writing a note at her desk when he came in. 4．过了一会儿，他再看那个信封，但这次他露出了惊讶的表情，好像完全不知道它在那里。(as if引导虚拟语气) After a moment，he looks back at the envelope but this time he looks surprised，as if he did not know it was there． 5．最后他无计可施，居然把一部分生肉藏在坐在他旁边的女士的包里，还把一部分塞进餐厅小提琴手的裤子里！(so...that...) He becomes so desperate in the end that he even hides some inside the purse of a woman sitting near him and throws some down the trousers of the restaurant's violinist! Part 1　核心词汇——学搭配 pretend vi.& vt.假装；装作 【知识归纳】　 ◎pretend (not) to do sth 假装(不)要做某事 ◎pretend to be doing sth 假装正在做某事 ◎pretend to have done sth 假装已做某事 ◎pretend to be＋n./adj. 假装…… ◎pretend (to sb) that... (对某人)假装…… 【写作语料】　 ◎pretend not to notice me假装没看见我 ◎pretend to have solved the difficult problem假装已经解决了难题 ◎pretend that he has made sense of what the teacher said他假装听懂了老师说的话 【语境运用】　完成句子 ①我们在街上相遇时，她装作不认识我，这使我很伤心。 She pretended (that) she didn't know me/ pretended not to know me when we met in the street，which made me upset. ②所以我随身带着一本书，每天晚上，就像她一样，我假装在读书。 So I carried around a book，and each night，just to be like her，I would pretend to be reading． ③(全国乙卷)当我在学习中遇到难题时，我会向同学们或老师求助，而不是不懂装懂。 When I am faced with difficulties in learning, I won't pretend to have known them, but turn to my classmates or teachers. significant adj.重要的，重大的(significance n．意思；重要性，意义) 【知识归纳】　 ◎be significant for 对……是重要的 ◎It is significant that... 很明显…… ◎be of (great/no/little) significance to... 对……(很/不)重要 ◎attach (great) significance to (doing) sth 认为(做)某事(很)重要 【写作语料】　 ◎become aware of the significance of helping each other意识到互相帮助的重要性 ◎attach great significance to taking regular exercise重视经常锻炼身体 ◎be significant for your whole future对你的整个未来至关重要 【语境运用】　完成句子 ①(2022·全国甲卷)设立世界海洋日是为了让人们意识到保护海洋是很重要的。 World Oceans Day was set up to make people aware that protecting the oceans is of great significance/is very significant． ②很明显，生命中最重要的礼物是友谊。[读后续写之主旨升华] It is obvious that the most significant gift in life is friendship． ③通过参加这次采摘活动，我开始重视劳动。[读后续写之主旨升华] Through participating in this picking activity，I started to attach great significance to labour． confused adj.困惑的(confuse vt.使困惑；使糊涂；混淆；弄错　confusing adj.令人困惑的；令人混淆的　confusion n．混乱；杂乱；混淆；弄错) 【知识归纳】　 ◎confuse...with/and... 混淆；辨别不清 ◎be/get confused with/about 对……感到困惑 ◎in confusion 迷惑地；困惑地 【写作语料】　 ◎with a confused expression 面带困惑的表情 ◎confuse John with/and his brother辨别不清约翰和他的兄弟 ◎leave his office in a state of confusion一头雾水地离开他的办公室 【语境运用】　完成句子 ①(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)一看到我来了，他就笑个不停，这使我很困惑。 At the sight of my coming，he didn't stop laughing，which made me feel confused． ②得知你即将拜访一位中国朋友，正对中国的风俗习惯感到困惑，我写信是想提出一些建议。[应用文之建议信] Learning that you are about to pay a visit to a Chinese friend and confused about/with the Chinese customs，I am writing to put forward some suggestions. announce vt.宣布，宣告(announcement n．公告；宣告；发表；通告　announcer n．广播员；播音员) 【知识归纳】　 ◎announce sth to sb 向某人宣布某事 ◎announce (to sb．) that... 宣布……；宣称…… ◎It is announced that... 据宣布…… ◎make an announcement 发布宣告或通知 【写作语料】　 ◎announce the list to the students向学生宣布名单 ◎be announced as the winner in the writing contest 被宣布为写作比赛的获胜者 ◎make an announcement later today今天晚些时候宣布一项通告 【语境运用】　完成句子 ①老师向学生们宣布下周要举行英语竞赛。 The teacher announced to the students that there would be an English contest next week. ②请注意！我向你们宣布一件事。据称，世界青少年机器人大赛将于7月7日至15日在天津举行。[应用文之通知] Attention，please! I need to make an announcement to you.It is announced that the World Adolescent Robotics Competition will be held from July 7 to 15 in Tianjin. deserve vt.应得，应受到(deserving adj.值得的；应得的) 【知识归纳】　 ◎deserve to do sth 应该做……；值得做…… ◎deserve to be done＝deserve doing ……值得被做 ◎deserve consideration/attention/a rest 值得考虑/注意/应该休息 【写作语料】　 ◎deserve experiencing/to be experienced值得体验 ◎get the punishment they deserve 让他们得到应有的惩罚 【语境运用】　完成句子 ①我们应该通过我们的共同努力而不是运气来赢得比赛。[读后续写之主旨升华] We deserve to win the competition with our joint efforts rather than with the help of luck. ②在我看来，同学们对英语口语课的反馈值得考虑。 As far as I am concerned，students' feedback concerning the Spoken English class deserves consideration/to be considered/considering． amuse vt.使开心；逗笑(amused adj.逗乐的；觉得好笑的　amusing adj.有乐趣的；好笑的；逗人笑的　amusement n．娱乐活动；可笑；娱乐；愉悦) 【知识归纳】　 ◎amuse sb/oneself with sth 以某事/物逗乐某人 ◎be amused at/by/with sth 以某事为乐 ◎(much) to one's amusement (非常)令某人高兴的是 ◎in/with amusement 愉快地 【写作语料】　 ◎be amused by his amusing story被他有趣的故事逗乐 ◎keep us amused and interested让我们感到有趣并很感兴趣 ◎look at me in amusement饶有趣味地看着我 【语境运用】　完成语段 上周末，我决定去当地的游乐园娱乐一下。当我走进公园时，公园热闹的气氛和孩子们兴奋的笑声立即让我开心了起来。让我感到很有趣的是，过山车特别刺激，当我在大回环和转弯处飞驰而过的时候，我不禁开心地大笑了起来。 Last weekend, I decided ①to amuse myself with a trip to the local amusement park.As I entered the park, I ②was immediately amused by the lively atmosphere and the excited laughter of children.③Much to my amusement，the roller coaster was particularly thrilling, and I ④couldn't help but laugh in amusement as I zoomed through the loops and turns. astonished adj.吃惊的，惊讶的[astonish vt.(使)惊讶；(使)吃惊　astonishing adj.令人吃惊的；令人惊讶的　astonishment n．吃惊，惊讶] 【知识归纳】　 ◎be astonished at/by sth 对某事感到惊讶 ◎be astonished to do sth 对做某事感到惊讶 ◎It astonishes sb that... 令某人惊讶的是…… ◎to one's astonishment 令某人惊讶的是 ◎in/with astonishment 吃惊地 【写作语料】　 ◎in dumb astonishment惊讶得说不出话来 ◎be astonished by his own stupidity对自己的愚蠢感到十分震惊 ◎be astonished to hear the news听到这个消息感到惊讶 【语境运用】　完成句子 ①听到这个令人吃惊的消息后，玛丽惊得呆住了，好像扎根在地上。[读后续写之情感描写] At the astonishing news，Mary froze with astonishment，as if rooted to the ground. ②看到丈夫抱着一束花，她呆住了，惊讶地张大了嘴巴。[读后续写之惊讶心理描写] Seeing her husband holding a bunch of flowers，she froze，her mouth dropping open in astonishment． ③(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)最让我吃惊的是，我获得了一等奖，而安妮获得了二等奖。 What made me astonished most was that I won the first prize and Anne won the second prize. rely on 依赖；信赖 【知识归纳】　 ◎rely/depend/count on/upon sb/sth 指望/依靠某人/某事 ◎rely on/upon sb to do sth 指望/相信某人会做某事 ◎rely on/upon it that... 相信……；指望…… 【写作语料】　 ◎(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)Relying on the teacher's guidance, we were able to complete our projects successfully. 在老师的指导下，我们成功完成了项目。 【语境运用】　一句多译 我最尊敬我叔叔，因为每当我处于困境中时，我都可以指望他给我一些实用的建议。 ①I respect my uncle most because I can rely on/upon him to offer me some practical suggestions whenever I am in trouble.(rely on/upon sb to do) ②I respect my uncle most because I can rely on/upon it that he can offer me some practical suggestions whenever I am in trouble.(rely on/upon it that...) let alone 更别提，更不用说 【知识归纳】　 ◎let out　 放出；泄露 ◎let it be 随它去 ◎let down 使失望；辜负 ◎let sb go 放开/释放某人 ◎let go (of sb/sth) 放开，松手 【写作语料】　 Pollution has a negative effect on the health of everyone, let alone the damage to the environment. 污染对每个人的健康都有负面影响，更不用说对环境的破坏了。 【语境运用】　完成句子 ①他信心十足地回答道：“我不会让你失望的。” “I won't let you down．”he replied confidently. ②汤姆又没完成作业，因此史密斯先生愤怒地大叫了一声，眼里充斥着怒火。[读后续写之愤怒表现描写] Tom didn't have his homework finished again so that Mr Smith let out a cry of anger，with his eyes shining with annoyance. ③生活中总有那么一刻，我们必须放下过去，向前迈进。 There always comes a moment in life when we must let go of the past and move forward. Part 2　阅读词汇——善辨义 1．atmosphere A．n.空气 B．n.(行星的)大气层 C．n.气氛，氛围 ①(2023·浙江1月卷)We were totally immersed in the peaceful atmosphere，enjoying the delicate cuisines，talking about our interesting experiences and singing songs till the sun set. C ②The atmosphere of the city is very much polluted. A ③The shuttle Columbia will re­enter Earth's atmosphere tomorrow morning. B 2．mirror A．n.镜子　B．n.真实的写照　 C．vt.反映　D．vt.映照 ①Place a few mirrors around your room so people can see how clothes look when they try them on. A ②(2023·北京卷)For better or worse，A Life mirrors the very subject it studies. C ③The clear water mirrored the blue sky. D ④Dickens' novels are a mirror of his times. B 3．swing A．n.摇摆　B．n.秋千　C．vi.(情绪或意见)改变 D．vt.(使)摆动 ①(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)After making sure that David could run if he wanted，I turned to find him coming towards me，his small body rocking from side to side as he swung his feet forward. D ②But the sport's rules require that a race walker's knees stay straight through most of the leg swing and one foot remain in contact with the ground at all times. A ③His emotions swung between fear and curiosity. C ④The children are playing on the swings in the park. B 4．log A．n.原木　B．n.日志　C．v.(正式)记录　D．v.采伐(森林的)树木 ①We'll log another section of the forest today. D ②They log everyone and everything that comes in and out of here. C ③With winter approaching，the hunter chopped piles of logs for firewood. A ④The family made an official complaint to a ship's officer，which was recorded in the log. B 巧借前缀inter­推测词义 前缀inter­：在……之间，相互 本单元：inter­(在……之间，相互)＋词根act(行动)→interact(在……之间行动，相互作用)→vi.交流，互动，相互作用 1．(2024·九省联考)However，many make a number of common mistakes，which can interfere with training or lead to injury.vi.干涉，妨碍 2．(2023·全国甲卷)Weiner enters into conversation with some of the most important philosophers in history, and he becomes part of that crowd in the process by decoding (解读) their messages and adding his own interpretation.n.解释，说明 3．(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)The set of speech sounds we use has not necessarily remained stable since the appearance of human beings，but rather the huge variety of speech sounds that we find today is the product of a complex interplay of things like biological change and cultural evolution.n.相互作用 4．(2021·浙江卷)Any small interruption—a price check, a chatty customer—can have downstream effects, holding up an entire line.n.中断；打断 5．(2021·天津卷)We begin to see the interconnectedness of one thing to another in all aspects of our life, of ourselves and the universe.n.互联性 Part 3　经典句式——会表达 句式：as if 引导方式状语从句 【教材原句】　After a moment，he looks back at the envelope but this time he looks surprised，as if he did not know it was there. 过了一会儿，他再看那个信封，但这次他露出了惊讶的表情，好像完全不知道它在那里。 【知识归纳】 (1)as if/though引导方式状语从句。若从句描述的情况发生的可能性很大，则用陈述语气；若从句描述非现实情况，则用虚拟语气。 (2)从句中谓语动词用虚拟语气的三种情况： (3)当as if/though引导方式状语从句时，如果从句主语和主句主语一致，且从句谓语动词中含有be动词的某种形式，则可以省略从句主语和be动词。 【写作佳句】　 ①He spoke English perfectly as if he had lived in England for many years. 他英语讲得非常完美，好像在英国居住了很多年似的。 ②It was dark in the wood and it seemed as if there were a fierce beast behind every bush.So terrified was she that she collapsed and screamed like crazy.[读后续写之恐惧心理描写] 树林里很黑，似乎每一簇灌木丛后面都有一头凶猛的野兽。她吓得瘫倒在地，疯狂地尖叫起来。 ③(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)I simply stood there dumbfounded，and my feet，as if rooted to the ground，couldn't move a bit. 我只是目瞪口呆地站在那里，脚就像扎根在地上一样，一动也不能动。 【仿写借鉴】　 ①我深感内疚，觉得好像整个世界都已经抛弃了我。 Consumed with guilt，I felt as if the whole world had abandoned me． ②(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)眼泪在大卫的眼眶里打转，他抬起头看着我，好像要说什么，但是又垂下了头。 Tears swirling in his eyes，David raised his head，looked at me as if he would say something/as if (he was) to say something，but instead lowered his head. ③他张开双臂、伸展四肢，好像在飞，他的眼睛兴奋地睁得大大的。 He throws his arms and legs out as if he were flying，his eyes wide with excitement. Ⅰ.核心词汇专练——单句语法填空 1．When it was his turn to give his speech，nervous and embarrassed (embarrass)，he walked onto the stage. 2．By participating in this activity，I have become aware of the significance (significant) of showing respect to the old. 3．Jake was aware that his depression at the party had made his parents anxious (anxiety). 4．He was talented (talent) and became a professional member at the age of 17 with the hope of winning the qualification of entering the Olympic Games. 5．After he got injured，he became very moody (mood) and often lost his temper. 6．We have been making/have made (make) efforts to restore the historic relics in the past decade. 7．Green development is different from the conventional one which develops the economy at the expense of the environment. 8．With the gains and losses carefully weighed，we are confident the plan really deserves trying/to be tried (try). 9．The two boys were whispering (whisper) when the head teacher came in from the back door. 10．From these facts we can draw a conclusion that we ought to adopt a more scientific (science) approach to preserving the traditional customs. 11．These collections are of little significance，indicating that they are worthless. 12．Actually，with an important exam to take，I was in no mood to watch (watch) the comedy with you. 13．It is announced that a council will be set up to handle transportation problems. 14．Some consumers are wasteful and you can't rely on them to recycle (recycle) resources. 15．The comedian swallows the lower part of the shoes as if it were (be) the most delicious meal. Ⅱ.阅读词汇猜词——熟词生义、派生与合成 写出黑体单词在句中的词性及汉语释义 1．To further confuse the issue，there is an enormous variation in the amount of sleep people feel happy with.vt.使复杂化 2．Keep the tone measured：don't handle it too lightly，as people can be offended，especially if your error suggests a misunderstanding of their culture.adj.慎重的；有分寸的 3．I'll chew the problem over for a few days.vt.深思 4．This work is very challenging，so we must replace raw workers with experienced ones.adj.不熟练的 5．The sun began to rise in the sky，bathing the mountain in golden light.vt.使沐浴 6．He spent a lot of money in satisfying the appetite for excitement and amusement.n.欲望 7．It was reported that before he died he had consumed a large quantity of alcohol.vt.喝 8．(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)The technology could determine whether a driver had just texted, emailed or done anything else that is not allowed under New York's hands­free driving laws. ◎hand“手”＋free“自由的”→不需要用手拿的→hands­free adj.不需用手操作的 9．(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)The second group did high­intensity aerobic exercise under the guidance of a trainer for four or more days a week. ◎high“高的”＋intensity“强度”→high­intensity adj.高强度的 10．(2022·全国乙卷)A hair­raising section concerns the building of the railroads, which entailed (牵涉) drilling through the Rockies often in blinding snowstorms. ◎hair“毛发”＋raise“使直立”＋­ing→hair­raising adj.使人毛骨悚然的，惊险的 (一)应用文写作 [人物简介——喜剧大师卓别林] 查理·卓别林(Charlie Chaplin)是英国著名的喜剧大师，1903年他在《侦探福尔摩斯》中获得了人生中第一个真正的角色；他的代表作有《流浪汉》。请写一篇文章介绍卓别林。 选用本单元所学知识和右栏词块翻译句子 第一段：简单介绍人物的基本情况 1．查理·卓别林是来自英国的一位天才喜剧演员，他以能够让人捧腹大笑而闻名。他有喜剧天赋，有以幽默的方式呈现一些严肃话题的潜力。(has a talent for) Charlie Chaplin was a genius comedian from England and obtained a good reputation for amusing people.He had a talent for comedy and had the potential to present some serious topics in a humorous way. 第二段：详细描述人物的成长过程及主要成就 2．你可能会觉得很惊讶，查理刚学会走路就开始学唱歌了。(find复合结构) You may find it astonishing that Charlie was taught to sing as soon as he could walk. 3．在他十几岁的时候，查理通过他的面部表情和模仿才能成为英国最受欢迎的儿童演员之一。他微妙的表演使一切都很有趣。(make复合结构) By his teens, Charlie had become one of the most popular child actors in England through his facial expressions and imitation.His subtle acting made everything amusing. 4．在一部电影中，他像切最好的牛排一样切下鞋子上端的皮革。每一口他都吃得津津有味。(as if) In one movie，he cut off the leather top of the shoe as if it were the finest steak.He ate each mouthful with great enjoyment. 5．他的表演是如此的令人信服，以至于你会相信这顿饭是他吃过的最美味的一餐。(so...that...) The acting was so convincing that it made you believe that it was the best meal he had ever tasted! 6．他不仅是一名喜剧演员，还是自己电影的编剧和制片人。(not only...but also...) Not only was he a comedian，but also he was a screenwriter and producer of his movies. [构建语义场——人物简介] 1．特点品质 ①achievement n．成就，成绩，功绩 ②contribution n．贡献 ③courage n．勇气，胆量 ④determination n．决心 ⑤devotion n．奉献 ⑥experience n．经验，经历 ⑦failure n．失败 ⑧hardship n．艰难 ⑨humo(u)r n．幽默 ⑩intelligence n．智力，才智 ⑪volunteer n．志愿者 ⑫obtain a good reputation 享有盛誉 ⑬in a humorous way以幽默的方式 ⑭a screenwriter and producer编剧和制片人 ⑮at the age of...在……岁时 ⑯be honoured as被誉为…… ⑰be gifted with有……天赋 ⑱be active in积极从事…… ⑲be enthusiastic about 对……充满热情 ⑳be satisfied/content with对……满意 ㉑be skilled in在……方面熟练 ㉒have a talent/gift for有……才能 ㉓with the help of在……的帮助下 ㉔be devoted to致力于，专注于 ㉕be qualified for适合，胜任…… ㉖be responsible for对……负责 2．外貌特征 ㉗be in fashion 在流行中 ㉘dress in the latest fashion穿着入时 ㉙follow the fashion赶时髦 (二)读后续写 [友谊话题＋动作描写之眼部] Ⅰ.教材语料积累 词汇 [情感描写]　anxiety；terrified；embarrassed→embarrassment；confused；casually；innocently；faithful；tension；mood；astonished；convinced；unfortunate；loosely [动作描写]　pretend；enhance；swing；collapse；consume；bleed；sneeze；scream；examine；announce；deserve；energise；whisper；blush；encounter；amuse；rely on；chew；attain；obtain；demand；criticise；bath 佳句 1．After a good dinner and a bottle of wine，they retired for the night，and went to sleep.(动作描写) 2．He had to wait for what seemed like ages in the doctor's surgery.(夸张修辞) 3．The bleeding man next to him was looking at his watch nervously；a woman was coughing and sneezing badly；and a baby was screaming.(动作描写＋排比) 4．After being seated at his table，Mr Bean takes out a card，writes a few words on it，puts it in an envelope and places it on the table.(动作描写) 5．He takes all the money out of his wallet，counts it and puts it in a saucer.(动作描写) Ⅱ.拓展语料背诵 词汇 meet sb's eyes 接触某人的目光　stare/gaze/look into one's eyes 凝视　fix/focus one's eyes on 盯着　lower/drop one's eyes 垂下眼睛　raise/lift one's eyes 抬起眼睛　one's eyes shine/sparkle/glisten with excitement 眼里闪着兴奋的光芒　look sb straight in the eye直视某人的眼睛　narrow one's eyes 眯起眼睛　turn one's eyes to 目光转向　shut one's eyes 闭上眼睛　squeeze one's eyes shut 紧闭眼睛　eye sb up and down上下打量某人　one's eyes fall on sb某人的目光落在某人身上 佳句 1．John sat beside the window，with his eyes fixed/focused on a book.(with复合结构) 约翰坐在窗边，眼睛盯着一本书。 2．Gazing at the surroundings with innocent and curious eyes, he sang happily.(现在分词短语作状语)他带着天真而好奇的眼睛凝视着周围的环境，愉快地唱着歌。 3．When he recognized who the visitor was，John opened his mouth wide，his eyes glistening with extreme thrill.(独立主格) 当约翰认出来访者是谁时，他张大了嘴，眼睛里闪烁着极度兴奋的光芒。 4.The desperate woman wiped her tears，lifted her eyes and focused her eyes on the ceiling，tears welling up in her eyes.(动作链描写) 那个绝望的女人擦了擦眼泪，抬起眼睛盯着天花板，泪水涌上了她的眼眶。 5．Tears ran down her cheeks and soon her eyes were red from crying.泪水顺着她的脸颊流下来，很快她的眼睛就哭红了。 6．With his eyes narrowed，he wondered what had happened.(with复合结构) 他眯起眼睛，想知道发生了什么事。 7．Seeing me come in，my father eyed me up and down，confused.(现在分词短语作状语) 看着我进来后，父亲上下打量着我，迷惑不解。 8．Though my eyes were filled with tears，I still had an eye on my teacher's expression. 虽然我的眼睛里充满了泪水，但我仍然关注着老师的表情。 9．When learning the truth，I squeezed my eyes shut and bit my lips，with tears running down my cheeks.(动作描写)得知真相后，我紧紧地闭上眼睛，咬着嘴唇，眼泪顺着脸颊流下来。 Ⅲ.语料综合运用 　　一次很重要的考试失败后，我双手掩面，眼里噙满了泪水。过了一会儿，我擦了擦眼泪，抬起眼睛，盯着天花板，泪水再次涌上了我的眼眶。面对如此残酷的事实，我的世界仿佛坍塌了。我的心情很不好，一整天都愁眉苦脸。没有什么能使我高兴起来。我最好的朋友Lucy既担心又焦虑，她轻柔地拍了拍我的肩膀，盯着我的眼睛，用诙谐幽默的话不断安慰着我。最后，我终于露出了笑容，眼里闪烁着希望的光芒。正如那句谚语所说：“幽默是最好的解药。” 　　Having failed one of the most significant exams，I buried my face into my hands，①my eyes brimming/filled with tears (独立主格).A few moments later，②I wiped my tears，lifted my eyes and focused my eyes on the ceiling (动作链描写)，tears welling up in my eyes again.Faced with such a cruel fact，③it seemed as if my world had collapsed．I was ④in such a bad mood that I had a long face all day long．Nothing ⑤could cheer me up．Worried and anxious，my best friend Lucy gently patted me on the shoulder and ⑥stared into my eyes，constantly comforting me with witty and humorous words.Finally，I cracked a smile and ⑦my eyes sparkled with hope．Just as the famous saying goes，“⑧Humour is the best medicine．” A卷 (时间：30分钟　满分：40分) Ⅰ.阅读理解(共11小题，每小题2.5分，共27.5分) A (2025·蓉城名校联盟高三入学考试) Best Places to Travel in 2025 Get your suitcase ready, because we came up with the definitive list of the best places to travel in 2025.These trips will be epic! Cambodia Cambodia is a must­see destination for many travelers.With the addition of luxury hotels and vacation land，travelers can now enjoy a truly luxurious experience in Cambodia—mixing ancient ruins and culture，cuisine and handicrafts，rainforest and jungle，and ending with a wonderful beach stay.In the little­visited Cardamom Forest Protected Area，options for hiking，mountain biking，boating and bird­watching are plentiful. Paros Visiting the island is one of the best things to do in Greece since it means enjoying pleasant beaches surrounded by the blue waters of the Aegean Sea．While you're here，explore the winding streets and charming villages of Naoussa and Lefkes，and drink coffee or wine at the beautiful port of Parikia． Texas As far as natural wonders go，it's hard to beat a total solar eclipse (日食) for impressiveness...and for being easily predictable.But even if you know the eclipse's path，you'll still need to get to a spot with good visibility.That's where Texas comes in. Ras Al Khaimah Ras Al Khaimah is a great spot for outdoorsy types，who can swim in the clear blue waters，then head off for a quad biking (四轮摩托车) adventure in the desert or fly across the desert on the world's longest zip line.If you get a chance to spend New Year's Eve here，don't miss it.The Emirate holds multiple Guinness World Records for its magnificent fireworks performances held during its New Year's celebrations. [语篇解读]本文是应用文。文章介绍了2025年几个最佳旅游目的地。 1．What do Cambodia and Paros have in common? A．They own well­known ports. B．They have delightful beaches. C．They offer options for boating. D．They host recent sporting events. B　[细节理解题。根据Cambodia部分的“ending with a wonderful beach stay”和Paros部分的“it means enjoying pleasant beaches surrounded by the blue waters of the Aegean Sea”可知，柬埔寨和帕罗斯都有宜人的海滩。故选B项。B项中的“delightful”是对文中的“wonderful”“pleasant”的同义转换。A项“他们有著名的港口”；B项“他们有宜人的海滩”；C项“他们提供划船的选择”；D项“他们主办最近的体育赛事”。] 2．Which place will you choose for a clear view of a total solar eclipse? A．Cambodia． B．Paros. C．Texas. D．Ras Al Khaimah. C　[细节理解题。根据题干中的“a total solar eclipse”可将解题信息定位至Texas部分。根据“it's hard to beat a total solar eclipse (日食) for impressiveness...That's where Texas comes in”可知，你如果想要观看清晰的日全食，可以选择去得克萨斯。故选C项。] 3．What is special about Ras Al Khaimah? A．It is known for its colorful nightlife. B．It has some fantastic beaches in the world. C．It is home to ancient ruins and cultural sites. D．It offers adventurous activities like motorcycling. D　[细节理解题。根据Ras Al Khaimah部分的“then head off for a quad biking (四轮摩托车) adventure in the desert or fly across the desert on the world's longest zip line”可知，哈伊马角提供一些冒险活动。故选D项。] B (2025·吉林高中毕业年级第一次模拟测试)Anyone who has left that spark of joy when a favourite song comes on the radio at just the right moment—or wept along with a singer who is expressing heartache—will understand the emotional resonance (共鸣) of music．But now, a growing body of scientific evidence is actually demonstrating that music can be medicine, too. In a review of 400 research papers looking into the neurochemistry of music, Daniel Levitin, a psychologist and neuroscientist in Montreal, found that playing and listening to music had clear mental and physical health benefits. One 2007 study from a team of Spanish researchers found that listening to music before surgery had the same effect in reducing pre­operative anxiety as taking diazepam(安定)—an important finding，as anxiety before major surgery can affect post­operative pain and recovery time.Another Spanish study, conducted in 2018, found that patients participating in a music­therapy(音乐疗法)programme experienced significant decreases in tiredness, anxiety and breathing difficulties, as well as an increase in feelings of well­being. The Center for Music and Medicine in Baltimore is taking music into the “precision medicine”(精准医疗)field.The Center is the brainchild of Dr.Alexander Pantelyat, who specialises in movement disorders like Parkinson's disease.Applying this kind of treatment to movement disorders is relatively new; previously, it was mainly the field of cancer therapies.Pantelyat explains, “Amazingly there is an understanding in the field of music medicine that there can be tailored interventions by using music that a person actually likes, that speaks to them culturally, personally or autobiographically.” Kerry Devlin, the Center's senior music therapist, says there can be folks experiencing intensive symptoms, like a decline in their ability to verbally communicate.Music, she notes, can sometimes help such patients find ways to respond again.“I've had the honour of making music with people and all of a sudden they're coming up with new words.It turns into this beautiful unexpected moment.It's a powerful thing to witness someone find themselves again for a moment, and a song is the vehicle for that shift.” [语篇解读]本文是说明文。现如今，越来越多的科学证据表明音乐可以成为一种“药”，可以给人们带来精神上和身体上的明显的好处。 4．What can be learnt about music from Paragraph 1? A．It merely brings happiness to people. B．It can indeed serve as a form of therapy. C．It is mainly used for entertainment purposes. D．Its emotional resonance isn't supported scientifically. B　[细节理解题。根据第一段的“But now, a growing body of scientific evidence is actually demonstrating that music can be medicine, too”可知，大量的科学证据表明，音乐也可以成为一种“药”。选项中的“therapy”和原文中的“medicine”为同义表达，故选B项。] 5．How does listening to music affect patients according to researchers? A．They can soon recover as well as before. B．They don't need to take medicine before an operation. C．They feel less energetic, anxious and breathless. D．They have their worry greatly reduced before an operation. D　[细节理解题。根据第三段内容可知，来自西班牙的研究团队的研究发现，在外科手术前让病人听音乐和让其吃安定在缓解术前焦虑方面有同样的效果。另外一个西班牙的研究发现那些参加音乐疗法项目的病人在疲劳、焦虑和呼吸困难方面大大改善，而且幸福感在增加。故选D项。选项中的“worry”和原文中的“anxiety”为同义表达。] 6．What is special about music therapy according to Pantelyat? A．It is a brand new therapy method. B．It can be flexibly personalized. C．It applies to movement disorders all along. D．It plays a main role in cancer treatment. B　[细节理解题。根据题干中的Pantelyat将答案定位在第四段。根据这一段最后一句话“Amazingly there is an understanding...that there can be tailored interventions...or autobiographically”可知，在音乐疗法领域有说法认为，通过使用一个人真正喜欢的音乐和对人们来说更具有文化性、私人性和自传式的音乐，人们可以拥有私人订制的音乐。故选B 项。选项中的“personalized”和原文中的“tailored”为同义表达。] 7．What can be inferred from Kerry Devlin's words? A．Everyone can benefit from music． B．The music moment is powerful. C．Music may help improve the weakened speech. D．Songs can guarantee the speech recovery. C　[推理判断题。根据题干中的Kerry Devlin将答案定位在第五段。根据第五段内容可知，Kerry Devlin说有一些人会有集中的症状，比如口头交流能力下降，并指出音乐有时候能够帮助这样的病人再次找到回应的方法。故可推知，音乐也许可以帮助改善变弱的语言能力。所以选C项。该选项中的“help improve”和原文中的“help such patients find ways to respond again”呼应；该选项中的“weakened speech”和原文中的“a decline in their ability to verbally communicate”为同义表达。] C (2025·济南市高中三年级摸底考试)Are you an open book, your face broadcasting every passing emotion, or more of a poker face, not showing what you are feeling? Scientists at Nottingham Trent University say that wearing your heart on your face, could actually give you a significant social advantage. The study, led by Eithne Kavanagh, a research fellow at NTU's School of Social Sciences, involving over 1，300 participants, noticed striking variations in how much people moved their faces during conversations．Importantly, this expressiveness emerged as a stable individual quality.People displayed similar levels of facial expressiveness across different contexts, with different social partners, and even over time periods up to four months. The researchers say that facial expressiveness is linked to personality, with more agreeable individuals displaying more lively faces.Facial expressiveness can also translate into concrete social benefits.In a negotiation task, more expressive individuals are more likely to secure a larger slice of a reward.The researchers suggest that for agreeable folks, dynamic facial expressions may serve as a tool for building good relationships and smoothing over conflicts.Across the board, the results point to facial expressiveness serving an “affiliative(有亲和力的) function”， or a social glue that develops liking and smoother interactions. Expressiveness is also linked to being seen as more “readable”， suggesting that a lively face makes one's intentions and mental states easier for others to decipher．Beyond frequency of facial movements, people who employ facial expressions more strategically to suit social goals, such as looking friendly in a greeting, are also more well­liked. The findings challenge the “poker face”common belief that a still and unemotional appearance is always most advantageous.Instead, they suggest that for most people, allowing one's face to mirror inner states and intentions can invite warmer reactions.As the researchers conclude, “Being facially expressive is socially advantageous.”So, next time you catch yourself making lines on your forehead, or flashing a smile, know that your face just might be working overtime on your behalf. [语篇解读]本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了研究发现面部表情部反映一个人的内心世界，能给别人带来更温暖的回应，面部表情丰富的人的社交优势更明显。 8．What does Paragraph 2 mainly talk about concerning the study? A．Its impact. B．Its findings. C．Its limitations. D．Its significance. B　[段落大意题。根据第二段内容可知，这项研究涉及1 300多名参与者，研究发现人们在对话中面部表情的变化具有显著差异。重要的是，这种表情表达被认为是一种稳定的个体特质。在不同的情境中，与不同的社交伙伴交流时，甚至在长达四个月的时间段内，人们表现出相似程度的面部表情丰富性。所以该段在讲述研究的结果，故选B。] 9．What may facial expressiveness serve as in negotiation settings? A．A way to frighten competitors. B．A method to hide personality. C．A tool to show personal quality. D．A strategy to settle disagreement. D　[推理判断题。根据第三段的“In a negotiation task...secure a larger slice of a reward...smoothing over conflicts”可知，在谈判任务中，更具有表现力的人更有可能获得更大份额的奖励。研究人员表明，对于那些和蔼可亲的人，有活力的面部表情也许能够成为构建良好关系和缓和冲突的工具。故选D。D项中的“strategy”是对文中“tool”的同义转换；“settle disagreement”是对文中“smoothing over conflicts”的同义转换。] 10．What does the underlined word “decipher”in Paragraph 4 probably mean? A．Copy. B．Overlook. C．Remember. D．Interpret. D　[词义猜测题。根据第四段，尤其是“Expressiveness is also linked to being seen as more ‘readable’...for others to decipher”可知，面部表情丰富也被认为是更可读懂的，表明一张活跃热情的脸能让一个人的目的和精神状态更容易被其他人知晓。故选D。D项的“Interpret”是对文中“readable”的同义转换。] 11．What may the author advise based on the findings of the study? A．Always wearing a still face. B．Learning to be an open book. C．Speaking out inner emotions. D．Forcing a smile through tears. B　[推理判断题。根据第五段内容可知，基于研究结果，科学家表示，对于大多数人来说，让面部反映内心状态和意图可以引来更温暖的反应。研究者总结说，面部表情丰富在社交中是有利的。故基于研究结果，作者可能会建议大家让自己表情外露，让自己容易被人了解。故选B。] Ⅱ.阅读七选五(共5小题，每小题2.5分，共12.5分) (2025·石家庄市教学摸底检测)Sometimes it seems that we can't feel any joy in life.We all have such bad days.However, an inability to feel joy is not the norm and requires attention.1( ) Luckily, there are steps we can take to generate joy. 2( ) Learning to recognize emotions that inhibit (抑制)our ability to access joy can help us gain access to our positive core emotions.For example, when we feel anxious, we should slow down, breathe and name the emotion.Once the body feels calm, we get curious about the emotion's meaning.We may ask, “What is this emotion protecting me from？”and “If I move this emotion aside, what's underneath？” Pay someone a compliment (称赞).3( ) So witnessing someone else's happiness can make us smile, too.Complimenting a friend or co­worker can help.Saying “It's nice to see you today”goes a long way.They may smile or show appreciation for your kind words.Witnessing their joy and happiness will lift your spirits. Enjoy small moments of pleasure.Imagine you're a joy detective and try to identify one positive interaction that you've experienced recently.4( ) When you notice a positive feeling, try to stay with the moment.In the long run, it will lengthen our experience of positive emotions. Smile, even when you don't feel like it.When we're feeling down, smiling may be the last thing on our mind.However, turning up the corners of your mouth can lower stress and boost your mood.It is a good way to watch a funny movie.Notice what happens when you laugh or smile.5( ) A．Get out of a bad mood. B．Watch out for joy blockers. C．Emotions tend to spread rapidly among people. D．This may remind you of a past pleasant experience. E．Perhaps it was a warm conversation or dinner with a friend. F．Chances are that you'll experience a wave of joy, even for a moment. G．Joylessness can affect our mental health, relationship and well­being. [语篇解读]本文是说明文。文章介绍了如何制造快乐。 1．G　[空后的“Luckily”一词表明，空处讲的应该是一件不好的事情；空前一句讲“然而，无法感受到快乐并不是常态，这需要关注”。因此，空处应该讲无法感受到快乐的危害，分析选项可知，G项“悲伤会影响我们的心理健康、人际关系和幸福”承接上文。] 2．B　[结合文本结构可知，空处考查段落主旨句。空后讲“学会识别抑制我们获得快乐能力的情绪可以帮助我们获得积极的核心情绪”，接着举例对此进行具体解释，所以本段主要建议我们要关注那些抑制我们获取快乐的情绪，B项“留意快乐拦截者”适合作本段的主旨句。] 3．C　[根据空后的结果“So witnessing someone else's happiness can make us smile, too”(所以，见证别人的幸福也可以让我们微笑)可知，空处应该讲见证别人的幸福为什么会让我们微笑。分析选项可知，C项“情绪往往会在人们之间迅速传播”解释了原因。] 4．E　[空前一句讲“想象你是一个快乐侦探，试着找出你最近经历过的一个积极的互动”，故空处应具体描述你最近经历过的一个积极的互动。分析选项可知，E项“也许是一次温暖的谈话，或者是和朋友共进晚餐”符合语境，选项中的it指代上文的“one positive interaction”。] 5．F　[空前讲“观看一部搞笑电影是一个好方法。注意当你大笑或微笑的时候会发生什么”，故空处应具体讲笑的时候会发生的事情。分析选项并结合常识可知，F项“很有可能你会经历一阵喜悦，哪怕只有片刻”符合语境。] B卷 (时间：30分钟　满分：40分) Ⅰ.阅读理解(共4小题，每小题2.5分，共10分) (2025·安徽六校入学素质测试)A handshake seems to be a normal gesture.In fact，in the 9th century BC，an ancient site during the ruling of Shalmaneser Ⅲ clearly shows two figures holding hands.Centuries later，Shakespeare once wrote of two characters who shook hands and swore to be brothers in the book As You Like It.Shaking hands seems to be an ancient custom whose roots are lost to the sands of time. Historians who have studied ancient etiquette (礼仪) books have noted that the modern handshake did not appear until the middle of the 19th century，when it was considered a slightly inappropriate gesture that should only be used between friends.But if Shakespeare was writing about handshaking hundreds of years earlier，what happened? According to author Torbjörn Lundmark in his Tales of Hi and Bye: Greeting and Parting Rituals Around the World the problem comes in differing definitions of the handshake.The early handshakes mentioned above were part of making deals or peace.Shakespeare was similarly referencing the settlement of a conflict. The modern handshake as a form of greeting is harder to trace.As a Dutch sociologist Herman Roodenburg—the chief authority for the history of handshaking—wrote in a chapter of an anthology called A Cultural History of Gesture，“More than in any other field，that of the study of gesture is one in which the historian has to make the most of only a few clues”． As the centuries progressed，handshaking was replaced by more hierarchical (等级制度的) ways of greeting－like bowing.Handshaking survived in a few remote places，like in Dutch towns where some would use the gesture to make peace after disagreements.Around the same time，those who valued equality also made use of handshaking.Then，as the Continent's hierarchy weakened，handshaking became common practice among people of the same rank，as it is today. [语篇解读]本文是说明文。本文主要讲述了握手这一古老的礼仪习俗的起源和演变。 1．Why does the author mention Shakespeare in the first paragraph? A．To prove that the history of handshaking is hard to find. B．To illustrate that handshaking is a very old custom. C．To show readers that handshaking is common in fiction. D．To explain the value of handshaking in communication. B　[推理判断题。第一段提到的“莎士比亚曾在《皆大欢喜》中描写了两个人物握手并发誓成为兄弟”与其前的“在一个古代遗址中有两个人物在握手”为并列关系，作者通过这两个例子证明“Shaking hands seems to be an ancient custom whose roots are lost to the sands of time”(握手似乎是一种古老的习俗，其根源已经消失在时间的长河中)。故选B。A项“为了证明握手的历史很难查明”；B项“为了说明握手是一个非常古老的习俗”；C项“为了向读者证明握手在小说中很常见”；D项“为了解释握手在沟通中的价值”。] 2．What can we learn about handshaking from the passage? A．The origin of handshaking as a form of greeting is easy to trace. B．Citizens usually shake hands to show friendliness in the Netherlands. C．It was used only between friends and to reach an agreement. D．It is common practice between people of different social positions. C　[细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Historians...have noted that the modern handshake did not appear...it was considered a slightly inappropriate gesture that should only be used between friends”可知，研究古代礼仪书籍的历史学家指出，现代握手直到19世纪中叶才出现，当时它被认为是一种略微不恰当的手势，只能在朋友之间使用。再由第三段中的“The early handshakes...making deals or peace”可知，早期的握手是达成协议或和解的一部分。故选 C。C项“握手仅在朋友之间使用，也用于达成协议”。] 3．Which of the following is similar in meaning to “anthology”in Paragraph 4? A．The science of mental ability. B．A collection of selected literary passages. C．A daily written record of experiences. D．All the living things of a particular region. B　[词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句子可知，一位荷兰社会学家在名为《手势的文化史》这一anthology中的一个章节写道“More than in any other field...make the most of only a few clues”(在手势研究领域，历史学家能充分利用的只有少数线索，这一点在其他任何领域都不常见)，故画线词指的是这位荷兰社会学家所撰写的某一本书，故选B。A项“心智能力的科学”；B项“文学段落精选集”；C项“对(个人)经历的每日书面记录”；D项“特定地区的所有生物”。] 4．What can be inferred from the last paragraph of the passage? A．The handshake has disappeared in some remote parts of the Netherlands. B．Handshaking has different meanings in different European countries. C．Handshakes are now common between people of different positions. D．Most Europeans prefer to shake hands owing to the weakening effect of rank. D　[推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“as the Continent's hierarchy weakened, handshaking became common practice among people of the same rank, as it is today.”(随着欧洲大陆等级制度的减弱，握手成为相同等级的人之间的普遍做法，就像现在一样)可推知，大多数欧洲人更喜欢握手，是因为等级制度的影响越来越弱，故选D。A项“握手在荷兰的一些偏远地区已经消失了”；B项“握手在不同的欧洲国家有不同的含义”；C项“握手现在在不同职位的人之间很常见”；D项“因为等级制度的影响减弱，大多数欧洲人更喜欢握手”。] Ⅱ.完形填空(共15小题，每小题1分，共15分) (2025·浙江省新阵地教育联盟高三第一次联考)I was seated in the aisle(过道)seat of a three­seater row on the plane to Portugal.A girl, about 5 years old, sat to my right, and her father 1 the window seat to her right.I noticed the little girl looking at me and the screen in front of me with a 2 expression from time to time.To 3 her, I switched to an animated motion picture.I chose Portuguese subtitles(字幕)to 4 my language skills and in case the little girl wanted to 5 along.It was a good move since the child became 6 on my screen. The little one 7 resting her head on me and hugging my arm.Her father would 8 her toward him whenever he realized what she was doing. 9 ， her restless little body would find its way back to me.After several 10 of this pattern, I motioned that I was OK with the little girl claiming my arm as her personal body pillow for the 11 of the flight.He smiled gratefully and fell into sleep. I have a 12 of flying, but having a little one to care for put my mind at ease.Honestly, it felt great to be 13 by both the child and her father.Our 14 willingness to treat each other simply as friendly people created a safe, respectful, and engaging environment among 15 during the nine­hour flight. [语篇解读]本文是记叙文。本文主要讲述了作者在去葡萄牙的航班上让邻座小女孩靠在胳膊上，并与小女孩分享动画电影的暖心经历。这次经历不仅让恐飞的作者感到放松，也体现了人与人之间信任的力量。 1． A．won B．adjusted C．occupied D．moved C　[根据上文对作者和小女孩的座位情况的描述可知，此处说的是小女孩的爸爸的座位情况，即她爸爸占着(occupied)她右边靠窗的座位，故选C。adjust“调整，调节，适应，习惯”；occupy“使用，占用(空间、面积、时间等)”。] 2． A．simple B．curious C．similar D．clear B　[根据空前的“the little girl looking at me and the screen in front of me”和常识可推测，小女孩时不时一脸好奇地看向作者和作者面前的屏幕，故选B。curious“求知欲强的，好奇的”。] 3． A．engage B．frighten C．persuade D．praise A　[上文提到小女孩时不时好奇地看向作者和作者面前的屏幕，再由空后的“I switched to an animated motion picture”可知，作者打开了一部动画电影，所以推测作者是为了吸引(engage)小女孩的注意力。engage“吸引(注意力、兴趣)”；frighten“使惊吓，使惊恐”；persuade“劝说，说服”；praise“表扬，称赞”。] 4． A．call out for B．make away with C．brush up on D．get down to C　[根据文章第一句中的“the plane to Portugal”可知，作者在去葡萄牙的飞机上，所以打开葡萄牙语字幕应是为了复习(brush up on)自己的语言技能。call out for “呼喊”；make away with“偷走”；brush up on“快速提高，重温(生疏了的技能等)”；get down to“开始做，开始认真注意/对待”。] 5． A．sing B．read C．walk D．play B　[作者打开了电影字幕应是以防小女孩想要一起看字幕，故选B。] 6． A．connected B．recognized C．focused D．informed C　[根据上文可知，作者打开了带葡萄牙语字幕的动画电影吸引小女孩的注意力，再由空前的“It was a good move”可推测，作者的举动是有效的，小女孩被动画电影吸引，专注地看着屏幕，故选C。connected“相关的”；recognized “公认的，认可的”；focused“注意力集中的，目标明确的”；informed“有学问的，有见识的”。] 7． A．suggested B．minded C．admitted D．kept D　[根据下文中的“her restless little body would find its way back to me”可知，小女孩一直(kept)把头靠在作者身上，并挽着作者的胳膊。] 8． A．shift B．follow C．point D．wave A　[句中的“what she was doing”指的是上文中的“resting her head on me and hugging my arm”，根据常识可推测，小女孩的爸爸察觉到她靠在作者身上时，会把她转到(shift)自己那边，故选A。shift“(使)移动，(使)转移”。] 9． A．Therefore B．Besides C．Otherwise D．Nevertheless D　[上文提到小女孩的爸爸看到小女孩靠在作者身上时，会把她转到自己那边，再由下文中的“her restless little body would find its way back to me”可知，小女孩还是会再靠到作者身上，空处前后内容之间形成了转折关系，故用nevertheless“尽管如此，然而”。therefore“因此”；besides“除此之外”；otherwise“否则，要不然”。] 10．A．examples B．attempts C．services D．attacks B　[空后的“this pattern”指的是上文提到的小女孩的爸爸把小女孩转到自己那边，但是小女孩又靠回作者身上这件事，所以这里是说小女孩爸爸做的几次尝试，故选B。attempt“企图，试图，尝试”；attack“袭击，攻击”。] 11．A．destination B．safety C．departure D．duration D　[根据最后一段中的“during the nine­hour flight”可推测，小女孩在航班飞行期间一直把作者的胳膊当作枕头，故选D。destination“目的地，终点”；safety“安全，平安”；departure“离开，起程，出发”；duration“持续时间，期间”。] 12．A．dream B．fear C．cost D．future B　[根据but后面转折部分的“having a little one to care for put my mind at ease”可知，在飞行中照顾小女孩让作者很放松，由此可推测，作者害怕(fear)飞行，故选B。] 13．A．trusted B．invited C．favored D．tolerated A　[根据上文可知，小女孩把作者的胳膊当作枕头，并且在作者表示不介意后，小女孩的爸爸感激地笑了笑然后睡着了，所以可以判断，两人都很信任作者，故选A，trust“信任”。favor“偏袒”；tolerate“忍受，容忍，包容”。] 14．A．recent B．average C．collective D．changeable C　[根据上文提到的作者和小女孩及其爸爸之间的互动可知，双方都愿意把对方当作友善的人，故选C。average“平常的，普通的”；collective“共有的，共同的”；changeable“可能变化的，易变的，常变的”。] 15．A．strangers B．neighbors C．pilots D．attendants A　[上文的故事发生在作者和小女孩父女之间，三人一开始是陌生人(strangers)关系，故选A。pilot“飞行员，(飞行器)驾驶员”；attendant“服务员，侍者”。] Ⅲ.语法填空(共10个空，每空1．5分，共15分) (2025·浙江省新阵地教育联盟高三第一次联考)The Atbai Desert, a part of the Sahara Desert, is one of the 1 (dry) places on Earth, with a sandy and barren landscape that averages almost zero millimeters of rainfall each year.So, archaeologists were surprised when they discovered rock art showing boats and cattle in an area 2 is 60 miles away from the closest body of water. “It was surprising to find cattle 3 (carve) on desert rock walls as they require plenty of water and wide­open grassland, and would not survive in Sahara today，”said Julien Cooper, an archaeologist from Macquarie University.“The discovery of boat 4 (image) in the rock art this distant from lakes and rivers was also surprising.” Archaeologists believe the discovery provides clear evidence supporting the theory of 5 once “Green Sahara”around 3，000 B．C．E.During this period, the area was a grassy plain with lakes and rivers 6 (sustain) a variety of wildlife and human activities such as cattle herding.However, changes in African monsoon(季风)patterns transformed the Sahara 7 the barren desert we see today.8 (current), only hardy animals like camels and goats can survive there. The rock art's detailed carvings suggest that the creators spent plenty of time in the area further indicating that the region 9 (be) once supportive of human life.As the climate grew unforgiving many residents were forced to migrate closer to the Nile, contributing to the formation of early urban states and culture in Egypt and Nubia．The discovery offers valuable insight into the changes that 10 (occur) in the Sahara over the past thousands of years. [语篇解读]本文是说明文。本文主要介绍了在Atbai沙漠里发现的岩画上有船和牛的图像，这为研究撒哈拉沙漠千百年来的发展和演变提供了宝贵见解。 1．driest　[考查形容词最高级。此处考查固定表达“one of the＋形容词最高级＋可数名词复数”，意为“最……的……之一”，故填driest。句意：Atbai沙漠是撒哈拉沙漠的一部分，是地球上最干旱的地方之一，一派沙漠荒凉景象，平均年降雨量几乎为零毫米。] 2．that/which　[考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导限制性定语从句。先行词是表示物的名词area，从句中缺少主语，所以空处需要填that/which。句意：因此，当考古学家在距离最近水域60英里的地方发现有船只和牛的岩画时，他们感到惊讶。] 3．carved　[考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，本句的谓语动词是was，空处在句中作非谓语，修饰空前的名词cattle，二者之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系，故填过去分词形式carved。句意：麦考瑞大学的考古学家Julien Cooper说，“在沙漠岩壁上发现牛的雕刻(图像)令人惊讶，因为它们需要大量的水和广阔的草地，而它们在今天的撒哈拉是无法生存的”。] 4．images　[考查名词复数。根据第一段中的“discovered rock art showing boats and cattle”可知，岩画上有一些船的图像，空处没有冠词修饰，表示泛指，因此这里应该是复数概念，故填images。句意：在如此远离湖泊和河流的地方发现船只图像的岩画也同样令人惊讶。] 5．a　[考查冠词。空处修饰名词“Green Sahara”，表示泛指，且空后once的发音以辅音音素开头，故填a。句意：考古学家认为，这一发现为公元前3 000年左右曾经有一个“绿色撒哈拉”的理论提供了明确的证据。] 6．sustaining　[考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处考查with的复合结构，sustain作宾语补足语，与宾语“lakes and rivers”之间形成了主动关系，故填sustaining。句意：这一时期，该地区曾是一片有湖泊和河流的草原，维系着各种野生动物和人类活动，如牧牛。] 7．into　[考查介词。根据空前的“transformed the Sahara”和空后的“the barren desert”可知，此处是说把撒哈拉转变成了现在我们看到的一片荒漠。transform...into...意为“将……转化为……”，故填into。句意：然而，非洲季风模式的变化使撒哈拉变成了我们今天所见的荒漠。] 8．Currently　[考查副词。分析句子结构可知，此处考查副词修饰整个句子，空处位于句首，首字母大写，故填Currently。句意：目前，只有像骆驼和山羊这样的耐旱动物能够在那里生存。] 9．was　[考查动词的时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，空处在句中作宾语从句的谓语，根据从句中的once可知，此处描述过去的情况，时态用一般过去时，从句主语the region是第三人称单数，故填was。句意：岩画中细致的雕刻图案表明创作者在这一地区花费了大量时间，这进一步表明该地区曾经支持人类生活。] 10．have occurred　[考查动词的时态和主谓一致。空前的that引导定语从句，修饰先行词changes，空处作定语从句的谓语动词。根据时间状语“over the past thousands of years”可知，从句时态用现在完成时。故填have occurred。句意：这一发现为过去数千年撒哈拉发生的变化提供了宝贵的见解。] 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $