选择性必修第一册 UNIT 3 CONSERVATION（教师用书Word）-【正禾一本通】2026年新高考英语高三一轮总复习高效讲义（北师大版）

任务(一)　单词背诵 重点词汇 1．item　 　　 n．一项，一条 2．rhino n．犀牛 3．asteroid n．小行星 4．packet n．小包，小盒 5．packaging n．包装盒(瓶、袋)，包装材料 6．coconut n．椰子 7．shell n．壳；贝壳 8．innovative adj.新颖的，创新的，革新的 9．refillable adj.可再填充的 10．bin n．垃圾箱 11．carton n．硬纸盒；塑料盒 12．cutlery n．餐具 13．council 　　　 n．委员会；理事会 14．roadworks n．道路施工 15．organic adj.不使用化肥的，有机的，绿色的 16．institute n．机构；研究院 17．poultry n．家禽肉，家禽 18．committee n．委员会 19．temple n．庙宇，寺院 20．Confucius 孔子 21．carve vt.雕，刻 22．typhoon n．台风 23．Atlantic adj.大西洋的 写作词汇 1．a plastic bag塑料袋 2．receive death threats收到死亡恐吓 3．incredibly lucky/stupid极其幸运/愚蠢 4．endangered species 濒危物种 5．a mass of evidence 大量的证据 6．blame me for being late 责备我迟到了 7．affect my decision影响我的决定 8．solar energy 太阳能 9．restore their habitats 恢复他们的栖息地 10．wrap a blanket around the baby用毯子把婴儿裹起来 11．the transportation industry运输业 12．a dozen of chopsticks一打筷子 13．over the last decade 在过去的十年里 14．various types of greenhouse gases各种类型的温室气体 15．a new drug for cancer 一种治疗癌症的新药 16．quite a good essay一篇好文章 17．involve answering questions包括回答一些问题 18．seven billion years 七十亿年 19．many instances of good people and good deeds很多好人好事的例子 20．a wooded valley树木茂盛的山谷 21．get caught in a thunderstorm遇上雷雨 22．good agricultural land良田 拓展词汇 1． conservation n.　　 保护 conserve vt. 保护；节约 conservative adj. 保守的；守旧的 2． destroy vt. 破坏；毁掉 destruction n. 破坏；毁坏 3． mining n. 采矿业 mine n. 矿；矿井 miner n. 矿工 4． recycle vi.& vt. 再利用，回收利用 recyclable adj.　　 可回收利用的；可再循环的 unrecyclable adj. 不可回收的 5． informative adj. 有教育意义的；知识性强的 inform vt. 通知 information n. 信息 6． illegally adv. 非法地，违法地 illegal adj. 非法的，违法的 legally adv. 合法地 legal adj. 合法的 7． hunt vi.& vt.　　　 猎取，猎杀；寻找 hunting n. 打猎 hunter n. 猎人 8． extinct adj. 灭绝的，绝种的 extinction n. 灭绝 9． urgent adj. 紧急的，急迫的 urgently adv. 迫切地；急切地 urgency n. 紧急情况 10．unusual adj. 异常的；不平常的 unusually adv. 不寻常地 usual adj. 平常的 usually adv. 通常地 11．varied adj. 各种各样的；形形色色的 vary vi. 变化 various adj. 各种各样的 variety n. 种类 12．endangered adj. 濒危的 endanger vt. 使面临危险；危及；危害 danger n. 危险 dangerous adj. 危险的 13．consumer n. 消费者 consume vt. 消费；消耗；吃，喝 consumption n. 消费；消耗 14．wasteful adj. 浪费的；挥霍的 waste vt.& n. 浪费 15．dirt n. 灰尘，尘土 dirty adj. 脏的 16．realistic adj. 现实的，实际的 real adj. 真的；真实的 really adv. 真正地；确实地 reality n. 真实；现实 realize vt. 实现；认识到 17．aware adj. 意识到的，明白的 awareness n. 意识 unaware adj. 不知道的；未察觉到的 18．collection n. 收集；收藏品；专辑 collect vt. 收集；收藏 19．anxious adj. 焦虑的，不安的 anxiety n. 焦虑 20．reusable adj. 可再使用的，可重复使用的 reuse vt. 再使用，重复使用 21．stuck adj. 卡住的，无法移动的 stick vi.& vt. 将……刺入(或插入)；刺 22．annoyed adj.　　　 烦恼的，生气的 annoy vt. 使……不悦；惹恼 annoying adj. 使人烦恼的 annoyance n. 生气；令人烦恼的事物 23．anger n. 愤怒；怒气 angry adj. 生气的；愤怒的 angrily adv. 气愤地；愤怒地 24．relate vi. 相联系，有关联 related adj. 相联系的 relation n. 联系，关联 25．regular adj. 定期的，有规律的 n. 常客 regularly adv. 有规律地 irregular adj. 无规律的 26．suit vt. 适合 n. 套装 suitable adj. 适合的 27．opponent n. 反对者；对手；敌手 oppose vt. 反对 opposed adj. 反对的；截然不同的 28．cruel adj. 残忍的 cruelly adv. 残忍地；残酷地 cruelty n. 残忍 29．chemical adj. 化学的 n. 化学品 chemistry n. 化学 chemist n. 化学家；药剂师 30．scenic adj. 景色优美的 scene n. 地点，现场；场面 scenery n. 风景 31．historic adj. 古老的；历史上重要的 history n. 历史 historian n. 历史学家 32．threat n. 威胁；(灾难等坏事)发生的可能 threaten vt. 威胁；危及 threatening adj. 威胁的；恐吓的 33．dirt n. 灰尘，尘土 dirty adj. 脏的；肮脏的；卑鄙的 34．transportation n. 交通运输系统，运输方式 transport n．& vt. 运输；输送 35．involve vt. 包含，需要 involved adj. 参与；耗费时间的 involvement n. 参与；投入；沉迷 36．agricultural adj. 农业的 agriculture n. 农业 教材外课标词汇 1．mail /meɪl/ n．邮件；信件；邮包 vt.邮寄；发电邮给 2．marriage /'mærɪdʒ/ n．结婚；婚姻 3．maximum /'mæksɪməm/ adj.最大极限的 n．最大量；最大限度 4．means /miːnz/ n．方式，方法；途径 5．mercy /'mɜːsi/ n．仁慈；宽恕；恩惠 6．mild /maɪld/ adj.温和的；和善的；轻微的 7．millimetre /'mɪlimiːtə(r)/ n．毫米；千分之一米 8．minister /'mɪnɪstə(r)/ n．部长；大臣；外交使节 9．mission /'mɪʃn/ n．传教(区)；重要任务；使命 10．mist /mɪst/ n．薄雾；水汽 11．mode /məʊd/ n．模式；方式；风格 12．motor /'məʊtə(r)/ n．发动机；马达 adj.有引擎的；机动车的 一词多义 1．decrease　①vi.& vt.减少 ②n.减少；减少的量 2．claim ①vt.声称；断言；主张 ②n.声称；(根据权力而提出的)要求 3．sum ①vt.概括，总结 ②n.金额，款项；总数；算术 4．memorial ①n.纪念馆；纪念碑 ②adj.(对逝者)纪念的，追悼的 熟词生义 1．switch [常见义]vi.& vt.转换，改变→[生僻义]n.开关；转换器vi.调班 2．jam [常见义]n.拥挤，堵塞；果酱→[生僻义]vt.动弹不得；卡住 3．horn [常见义]n.(牛、羊等头上的)角→[生僻义]n.汽笛声 4．hatch [常见义]vi.& vt.(使)孵化→[生僻义]vt.策划 5．swallow [常见义]vi.& vt.吞下，咽下→[生僻义]vt.掩饰；抑制 词源猜义 1．innovative　in(进入)＋nov (新)＋ative(形容词词缀)→引入新的东西→引申为：adj.新颖的，创新的，革新的 2．council　coun(＝con共同)＋cil(召集)→共同召集的会议→引申为：n.委员会，理事会 3．institute　 in(进入)＋stitut (建立)＋e(动词词缀)→建立某物→引申为：n.机构，学院 vt.建立，制定 4．committee　 com(共同)＋mit (送)＋tee(名词词缀)→共同送出意见的团体→引申为：n.委员会 5．incredibly　 in(不)＋cred (相信)＋ibly(副词词缀)→难以置信地→引申为：adv.难以置信地，非常地 6．species　 spec (看)＋ies(名词词缀)→看得见的种类→引申为：n.物种，种类 7．transportation　 trans(穿过)＋port (携带)＋ation(名词词缀)→携带穿过→引申为：n.运输，交通 8．chopsticks　 chop(快速)＋sticks(棍子)→快速使用的棍子→引申为：n.筷子 9．conservation　 con(共同)＋serv (保持)＋ation(名词词缀)→共同保持→引申为：n.保护，保存 任务(二)　短语、句式、语篇背诵 Ⅰ.短语巧学助记 1．have a role　 起某种作用 2．do one's part 尽自己的职责 3．die out 消失；绝迹，灭绝 4．wipe out 彻底毁灭 5．be to blame (对某事)负有责任 6．be at risk 处境危险，受到威胁 7．set out 开始做某事，着手进行 8．traffic jam 交通堵塞 9．be related to 与……有关联 10．for instance 例如 11．sum up 　　　　 概括，总结 12．end up doing/with 以……而告终 13．do away with 废除；结束；去掉 14．get stuck 卡住的，无法移动的 15．stressed out 焦虑的 16．be compared to 与……相比 17．sit around/about 闲坐，无所事事地坐着 18．due to 由于，因为 19．in short 总而言之 20．on the other hand 另一方面 Ⅱ.句式遮挡背诵 1．Although it is not unusual for species to die out naturally，the rate at which this is now happening is cause for concern.(it is not unusual for sb to do...) 2．They found that human activity is causing species to die out 1，000 times faster than normal.(倍数表达法) 3．Without forests，we would have no air to breathe，and without clean water we would be unable to survive.(without 引导含蓄虚拟语气) 4．This morning，it took me 40 minutes to go downtown.(it takes sb some time to do...) 5．How often do we arrive at work or school，stressed out，tired and angry？(形容词短语作状语) 6．Up to 90 people can travel in one bus，while the same number will need at least 18 cars.(while连接并列句) [遮住左栏尝试背诵] 1．虽然物种的自然灭绝并不罕见，但现在灭绝的速度让人担忧。 2．他们发现人类活动导致物种灭亡的速度比正常情况快1 000倍。 3．没有森林，我们就没有空气可呼吸；没有干净的水，我们将无法生存。 4．今天早上，我花了40分钟去市中心。 5．又有多少次，当我们抵达工作地点或学校时感到心力交瘁、心烦气躁？ 6．一辆公共汽车最多可以乘坐90人，而乘坐小轿车这些人至少需要18辆车。 Ⅲ.语篇词汇串记 　　It's said that dinosaurs died out because of a natural disaster.But now，many species are endangered or even extinct just because humans do varied harm to them.For instance，tigers are being illegally hunted in an incredibly cruel way for their fur while rhinos，for their horns.Besides，we have destroyed their habitats by cutting down trees，throwing away unrecyclable plastic rubbish everywhere and discharging polluted water that contains poisonous chemicals into rivers. It is human activities that are to blame for the mass extinction.However，we should be aware of the fact that without the species on which we depend for our survival，we would be also at risk.Many anxious environmentalists write informative and innovative essays to educate people to adopt a green lifestyle.Conservation measures involve switching to solar energy，stopping using throwaway cartons or chopsticks that can't be recycled，and taking public transportation on a regular basis to and from work.To sum up，everybody has a role to play in protecting our planet and if we all set out to do our part，the harmonious world will be restored. [遮住左栏，忆加黑词汇] 据说恐龙是由于自然灾害而灭绝的。但是现在，许多物种濒危，甚至灭绝，只是因为人类对它们造成了各种各样的伤害。例如，老虎正在以一种令人难以置信的残酷方式被非法猎杀，为了(得到)它们的皮毛，而犀牛则是为了它们的角。此外，我们砍伐树木，到处扔不可回收的塑料垃圾，把含有有毒化学物质的污水排放到河流中，破坏了它们的栖息地。 人类活动是造成物种大量灭绝的罪魁祸首。然而，我们应该意识到这样一个事实：没有我们赖以生存的物种，我们也将处于危险之中。许多忧心忡忡的环保主义者写了知识性强、创新性的文章来教育人们采用绿色生活方式。节约措施包括改用太阳能，停止使用不能回收的一次性纸箱或筷子，定期乘坐公共交通工具上下班。总而言之，每个人都有责任保护我们的地球，如果我们都开始尽自己的一份力，和谐的世界将会恢复如初。 任务(三)　背诵过关测＋练 一、单词过关测＋练 阅读词汇知其意 1．item 　　 　 n．一项，一条 2．hatch vi.& vt.(使)孵化 3．packet n．小包，小盒 4．packaging n．包装盒(瓶、袋)，包装材料 5．shell n．壳；贝壳 6．innovative 　　　 adj.新颖的，创新的，革新的 7．refillable adj.可再填充的 8．bin n．垃圾箱 9．carton n．硬纸盒；塑料盒 10．council n．委员会；理事会 11．roadworks n．道路施工 12．organic adj.不使用化肥的，有机的，绿色的 13．institute n．机构；研究院 14．committee n．委员会 15．temple n．庙宇，寺院 16．Confucius 孔子 17．memorial 　　 n．纪念馆；纪念碑 adj.(对逝者)纪念的，追悼的 18．carve vt.雕，刻 19．typhoon n．台风 20．Atlantic adj.大西洋的 21．thunderstorm n．雷暴 核心词汇写其形 Ⅰ.单词默写检测 1．plastic 　　　 adj.塑料制的 2．incredibly adv.非常地，极端地 3．species n．物种，种 4．mass adj.大量的 5．decrease vi.& vt.减少 n．减少；减少的量 6．solar adj.太阳光(能)的 7．restore vt.(使)恢复 8．swallow vi.& vt.吞下，咽下 9．chopsticks n．筷子 10．jam 　　 n．拥挤，堵塞；果酱 11．gas n．气，气体 12．cancer n．癌症 13．essay n．论说文；散文 14．billion n．十亿 15．instance n．例子，实例 16．drug n．药物，药材；毒品 17．sum vt.概括，总结 n．金额，款项；总数 18．valley n．谷，山谷 Ⅱ.单词语境练 19．According to the airline rules，we suggest that you (should) switch (转换，改变) off your mobile phone before boarding. 20．(2024·新高考Ⅱ卷)Though overtourism is described as a problem affecting (影响) the entire world, it's actually concentrated to a small number of extremely popular spots. 21．Seeing her lying in bed with her leg wrapped (包扎；缠绕) in bandages，we all felt sorry for her and hoped that she would recover soon. 22．(2022·浙江1月卷)However，as days passed，I gradually got involved (参与) because he encouraged me to explain my view. 23．I feel it is you as well as your wife that are to blame (责怪，指责) for your son's bad performance at school. 24．In response to the citizens' concern，the government claimed (声称) to have taken measures to attend to the increasingly serious smog in the past two months. 25．Over the last few decades (十年)，economic globalization has contributed greatly to global growth. 拓展词汇通其变 Ⅰ.词族拓展检测 1．conservation n．保护→conserve vt.保护；节约 2．mining n．采矿业→mine n．矿；矿井→miner n．矿工 3．recycle vi.& vt.再利用，回收利用→recyclable adj.可回收利用的；可再循环的→unrecyclable adj.不可回收的 4．threat n．威胁；(灾难等坏事)发生的可能性→threaten vt.威胁；危及→threatening adj.威胁的；恐吓的 5．illegally adv.非法地，违法地→illegal adj.非法的，违法的→legally adv.合法地→legal adj.合法的 6．hunt vi.& vt.猎取，猎杀；寻找→hunting n．打猎→hunter n．猎人 7．urgent adj.紧急的，急迫的→urgently adv.迫切地；急切地→urgency n．紧急情况 8．unusual adj.异常的；不平常的→unusually adv.不寻常地→usual adj.平常的→usually adv.通常地 9．endangered adj.濒危的→endanger vt.使面临危险；危及；危害→danger n．危险→dangerous adj.危险的 10．consumer n．消费者→consume vt.消费；消耗；吃，喝→consumption n．消费；消耗 11．wasteful adj.浪费的；挥霍的→waste vt.& n．浪费 12．scenic adj.景色优美的→scene n．地点，现场；场面→scenery n．风景 13．aware adj.意识到的，明白的→awareness n．意识→unaware adj.不知道的；未察觉到的 14．chemical adj.化学的 n．化学品→chemistry n．化学→chemist n．化学家；药剂师 15．reusable adj.可再使用的，可重复使用的→reuse vt.再使用，重复使用 16．stuck adj.卡住的，无法移动的→stick vi.& vt.将……刺入(或插入)；刺 17．opponent n．反对者；对手；敌手→oppose vt.反对→opposed adj.反对的；截然不同的 18．cruel adj.残忍的→cruelly adv.残忍地；残酷地→cruelty n．残忍 Ⅱ.词族语境练 19．(2024·浙江1月卷)Anyone can contribute to its collection (collect). 20．(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)We'll be working rain or shine.Wear clothes that can get dirty (dirt). 21．(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷)They could not afford to pay for transportation (transport) for their dog，Tiffy，and desperately wanted to take her with them. 22．The book，which contains much information about the history of the Ming Dynasty, is both informative and entertaining.(inform) 23．Lots of species have been extinct and others are still in danger of extinction．(extinct) 24．It is essential that your diets should be varied and balanced，because your kids need various nutrition.Besides，your ingredients should vary with seasons.(vary) 25．The anxious wife was like sitting on pins and needles，and her anxiety was so obvious that we all comforted her.(anxious) 26．Some doctors think there is a relation between smoking and lung cancer.What's worse，smoking is also related to heart diseases.(relate) 27．Every student is expected to get involved in the activity and it is sure to be more meaningful with your involvement．(involve) 28．He didn't have a balanced diet or take exercise regularly，so this irregular lifestyle led to his poor health.(regular) 29．China is an agricultural country in which agriculture plays a vital role in its economy.(agriculture) 30．What angered me was that my son had told a lie to his teacher and I warned him angrily not to do that again.(anger) 31．Sally was annoyed at the children for making so annoying noise，slamming her fist on the table in annoyance．(annoy) 32．In the past，people destroyed forests and rivers for their own benefit.Their destructive activities finally cause the destruction of the earth.(destroy) 33．I don't have anything suitable to wear for the party，so I must buy an evening dress that suits me perfectly.(suit) 二、短语过关测＋练 短语翻译 短语语境练(选用左栏短语填空) 第一组 1．die out 　　　　 消失；绝迹，灭绝 2．wipe out 彻底毁灭 3．be to blame (对某事)负有责任 4．be at risk 处境危险，受到威胁 5．traffic jam 交通堵塞 6．stressed out 焦虑的 7．be related to 与……有关联 8．for instance 例如 第二组 9．sum up 　　　　　 概括，总结 10．have a role 起某种作用 11．do one's part 尽自己的职责 12．set out 开始做某事，着手进行 13．do away with 废除；结束；去掉 14．get stuck 卡住的，无法移动的 15．sit around/about 闲坐，无所事事地坐着 16．in short 总而言之 17．So far no one has come up with convincing evidence of why dinosaurs died out，and it remains a mystery. 18．When we are depressed or stressed out，home is always a shelter for us to have a rest. 19．Everyone can make contributions to protecting our natural resources.For instance，we can save lots of gas by riding a bike or walking instead of driving. 20．It is necessary for you to sum up your experience constantly and improve the efficiency of your work. 21．There is no denying that his failure in the examination is related to his laziness. 22．When setting out on a long walk，you should always wear suitable shoes. 23．Now that you are elected as our chairman，doing your part and performing your duties are what you must do. 24．Many people in cities and towns in South America are at risk from landslides. 三、句式过关测 1．虽然物种的自然灭绝并不罕见，但现在灭绝的速度让人担忧。(it is not unusual for sb to do...) Although it is not unusual for species to die out naturally，the rate at which this is now happening is cause for concern. 2．他们发现人类活动导致物种灭亡的速度比正常情况快1 000倍。(倍数表达法) They found that human activity is causing species to die out 1，000 times faster than normal． 3．没有森林，我们就没有空气可呼吸；没有干净的水，我们将无法生存。(without 引导含蓄虚拟语气) Without forests，we would have no air to breathe，and without clean water we would be unable to survive． 4．今天早上，我花了40分钟去市中心。(it takes sb some time to do...) This morning，it took me 40 minutes to go downtown． 5．又有多少次，当我们抵达工作地点或学校时感到心力交瘁、心烦气躁？(形容词短语作状语) How often do we arrive at work or school，stressed out，tired and angry? Part 1　核心词汇——学搭配 switch vi.& vt.转换；改变 n．开关；转换；转变 【知识归纳】　 ◎switch off 关上(电灯、电视等)；断掉(电源) ◎switch on 打开；开始运行 ◎switch (...) from...to... (把……)由……转变为…… 【写作语料】　 ◎switch off my cellphone or cut off the Internet关掉我的手机或切断网络 【语境运用】　完成语段 请注意！ 我们将从火车转乘有轨电车到省博物馆。到达目的地后，请确保所有电子设备处于关机状态。打开它们会影响我们参观。 Attention，please! We will ①switch from the train to the tram to reach the provincial museum.Upon reaching the destination，please make sure all electronic devices ②are switched off．③Switching them on will influence our visit. decrease n．减少；减少的量 vi.& vt.减少 【知识归纳】　 ◎decrease by... 减少了…… ◎decrease in 在某方面下降 ◎decrease (from...) to... (从……)减少到…… ◎on the decrease 正在下降；正在减少 ◎on the increase 正在增加 【写作语料】　 ◎decrease the chances of disease infection减少疾病感染的机会 ◎with the decrease of habitats for animals随着动物栖息地的减少 ◎decrease by 25% 减少了25% 【语境运用】　完成句子 ①(2022·全国甲卷)我们已经意识到，正是由于各种各样的人类活动，海洋动物的数量正在减少。因此，迫切需要改变我们的错误行为，使其数量逐渐增加。 We have been aware that it is because of varied human activities that the number of ocean animals is decreasing/on the decrease．So there is an urgent need to switch our wrongdoing so that their number will be gradually on the increase． ②(2024·浙江1月卷)在校期间定期锻炼可以帮助减轻学生的压力，改善整体健康状况。 Regular exercise during school hours can help decrease stress levels and improve overall well­being among students． blame vt.责怪，指责 n．(坏事或错事的)责任；指责；过失 【知识归纳】　 ◎blame sb for sth 因某事责备某人 ◎blame sth on sb/sth 将某事归咎于某人/某物 ◎be to blame (for sth ) 应(对某事)负责任 ◎take/bear the blame for... 承担……的责任 ◎put/place/lay the blame on sb/sth 归咎于某人/某物 【写作语料】　 ◎blame the traffic jam on roadworks把交通堵塞归咎于道路施工 ◎take part of the blame for recent failures对最近的失误承担部分责任 【语境运用】　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①When getting along with others，we shouldn't always blame others for mistakes.After all，many times we are also to blame (blame). ②(2024·浙江1月卷)有些人可能会将缺乏身体活动归咎于繁重的学业负担，但在课间休息时加入跳绳等简单运动可以缓解这个问题。 Some may blame the lack of physical activity on the heavy academic workload, but incorporating simple exercise like rope skipping during breaks can help alleviate this issue. ③蒂姆因演出失败而受到指责，他悲伤至极，忍不住痛哭起来。[读后续写之情感描写] Blamed for the failure of the performance，Tim felt seized by a burst of sadness and couldn't help crying bitterly. annoyed adj.烦恼的，生气的(annoy vt.使……不悦；惹恼　annoyance n．生气；烦恼；令人烦恼的事物　annoying adj.讨厌的，令人气恼的) 【知识归纳】　 ◎be/get annoyed at/about sth 因某事而生气 ◎be/get annoyed with sb 对某人生气 ◎to one's annoyance 使某人生气的是 【写作语料】　 ◎get annoyed with your classmates生你同学的气 ◎with his eyes shining with annoyance 眼里充斥着怒火 ◎the annoying situation 烦人的情况 【语境运用】　完成句子 ①(2024·浙江1月卷)这是缓解压力的好方法，尤其是在我们因繁重的学业而感到烦恼时。 It's a great way to relieve stress, especially when we feel annoyed at/about heavy schoolwork． ②让他恼火的是他没有得到任何道歉。 To his annoyance, he had received no apology. ③妈妈因为我在成绩上对她撒谎而生我的气。[读后续写之情绪描写] Mother was annoyed with me for lying to her about my grades. relate vi.& vt.相联系，有关联；叙述，讲述，讲(故事)(related adj.相联系的　relation n．联系，关联) 【知识归纳】　 ◎relate...to... 把……和……联系起来 ◎relate to 和……相关；涉及；谈到；理解 ◎(be) related to 有关系的；有关联的 ◎in relation to... 关于……；与……相比 【写作语料】　 ◎relate the facts of the case to journalists向记者们讲述案件事实 ◎with so much related experience有这么多相关经验 【语境运用】　完成句子 ①我们的班主任不仅能理解我们学生，而且他还能不断地将我们正在学习的东西与现实世界联系起来。 Not only can our head teacher relate to us students but also he can constantly relate what we are studying to the real world. ②剪纸有一千五百多年的历史，与中国的传统文化紧密联系在一起。 Paper­cutting has a history of more than 1，500 years，and is closely related to the traditional culture of China． suit vt.适合 n．套装[suited adj.(对人、目的、情景)合适的；适当的　suitable adj.合适的；适用的] 【知识归纳】　 ◎suit...to... 使……适合…… ◎suit one's needs 适合某人的需要 ◎be suitable for 对……适合的 ◎be suitable to do sth 适合做某事 【写作语料】　 ◎be suitable to be my assistant适合做我的助手 ◎have anything suitable to wear for the party有适合在聚会上穿的衣服 ◎be suitable for the job适合这个工作 【语境运用】　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①I do believe I am suitable for this voluntary work，because I have a good knowledge of English.[应用文之申请信] ②如果以上安排不符合您的需求，请毫不犹豫地告知我，以便我为您量身定制相关项目。 If the above arrangements don't suit your needs，please inform me without hesitation so that I can suit relevant items to you． stressed out 疲惫不堪；焦虑不安[stress vt.强调 vi.& vt.(使)焦虑不安　stressed adj.焦虑不安的　stressful adj.压力大的；紧张的] 【知识归纳】　 ◎under stress 在压力之下 ◎lay/place/put stress on/upon... 强调…… 【写作语料】　 ◎as has been stressed several times正如多次强调的那样 ◎stress the significance of ocean conservation强调海洋保护的重要性 ◎relieve our stress and expand our horizons缓解我们的压力，开阔我们的视野 【语境运用】　完成语段 面对即将到来的紧张的高中生活，你不仅焦虑不安而且你也处在巨大压力之下。在我个人看来，再怎么强调良好心态的重要性也不为过。[应用文之建议信] Faced with the approaching ①stressful senior high school life，not only are you ②stressed (out) but you also are ③under great stress．Personally，I ④can't stress/lay stress on the importance/significance of a good state of mind too much. set out 开始做某事，着手进行；出发；动身；启程 【知识归纳】　 ◎set aside 保留；储蓄；忽视；不顾 ◎set about (doing sth ) 着手/开始做…… ◎set off 出发；动身；启程；燃放(烟花)；引起；激起 ◎set down 放下；记下 ◎set up 建立；树立；搭起 【写作语料】　 ◎set off fireworks放烟花 ◎set out to help them着手帮助他们 【语境运用】　完成语段 上星期六早上7点，我们像刚放飞的笼中鸟一样，兴高采烈地出发去农场。一到农场，我们就搭起帐篷，然后开始摘水果。这是一个多么有意义和有益的活动啊！ At 7 a．m.last Saturday we ①set off/out for the farm merrily like caged birds newly set free.On arriving at the farm，we ②set up tents and then ③set about picking fruits.What a meaningful and beneficial activity it was！ die out 消失；绝迹，灭绝(die vi.& vt.死亡 vi.消失　dying adj.临死的) 【知识归纳】　 ◎die away (声音、光线等)逐渐消失 ◎die of... 因……而死(内因) ◎die from... 因……而死(外因) ◎die down 减弱；平息 ◎be dying for 很想要；渴望 ◎be dying to do sth 极想做某事 【写作语料】　 ◎This species has nearly died out because its habitat is being destroyed.[应用文之环境保护] 因栖息地正受到破坏，这一物种已濒于灭绝。 ◎She is dying to share her innovative ideas at the upcoming conference next week. 她极想在下周即将举行的会议上分享她的创新想法。 【语境运用】　完成语段 在我们万象更新的世界中，自然的声音正逐渐消失，取而代之的是城市生活的喧嚣。许多物种因污染和栖息地破坏而死去，这突显了环境保护的紧迫性。我们必须采取行动，以免这些问题逐渐消失并被遗忘。人们渴望一个更洁净的星球，他们极想看到一个自然繁荣的未来。是时候团结起来，为子孙后代保护我们的环境了。 In our rapidly changing world, the sounds of nature ①are slowly dying away, replaced by the noise of urban life.Many species ②are dying from pollution and habitat destruction, highlighting the urgent need for environmental protection.We must take action before these issues ③die down and become forgotten.People are dying for a cleaner planet, and they ④are dying to see a future where nature thrives.It's time to unite and protect our environment for generations to come. Part 2　阅读词汇——善辨义 1．switch A．vt.转换；开关 B．n.开关 C．n.转换，转变 ①He pulls out a special device，points it at the suspect，and switches it on. A ②(2023·浙江1月卷)Perhaps your household won't entirely make the switch，but you may have some control over your own personal spaces to make the changes you desire. C ③He snatched up the receiver and his free hand reached for the switch on the bedside lamp. B 2．regular A．adj.通常的；惯常的　B．adj.定期的，有规律的　C．n.常客 ①(2023·浙江1月卷)We all know that regular exercise is important，but few of us know how to exercise properly. B ②A period is the regular ending for a sentence. A ③I surely know that.Don't forget that I am a regular here. C 3．claim A．n.索赔　B．vt.声称　C．vt.夺去(生命)　D．vt.认领　E．n.主张 ①It is reported that the hurricane Sandy has claimed thousands of lives. C ②The police say that if no one claims the watch，you can keep it. D ③The company has made a claim for damages caused by the delay of delivery. A ④It is claimed that the red dragon is a positive symbol，indicating strength and a sense of national identity. B ⑤A scientific claim is never accepted as true until it has gone through a lengthy “peer review”because the reviewers are experts in the same field who have both the right and the obligation to find faults. E 4．mass A．n.团，块，堆　B．n.许多，大量　C．n.群众，民众　D．adj.广泛的，大规模的 ①There is no doubt that the trains provide cheap travel for the masses. C ②There is a mass of cloud in the sky and it seems as if it is going to rain. A ③Wherever the band went，masses of fans would welcome them at the airport. B ④(2022·浙江1月卷)Most importantly，Edison realized that success depended on mass electrification，which he showed in New York City. D 巧借前缀de­推测词义 前缀de­：向下，离开；去掉，除掉；相反，否定 本单元：de­(向下)＋crease(创造，增加，生长)→decrease(向下增加，向下生长→)n.& vi.& vt.减少，降低 1．Work in the home is often ignored and devalued.vt.降低……的价值，贬低 2．Some people spread untrue messages or defame others，and such behavior will lead to a bad reputation of the victims.vt.诬蔑，诽谤，中伤 3．Two thirds of the region has been deforested in the past decade，which puts the animals here in danger.vt.砍伐树林 4．He was fined for defacing library books，which made his parents angry.vt.损伤……的外观 5．(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)I've been motivated—and demotivated—by other folks' achievements all my life.vt.使失去动力 6．(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)In 1934, with the passage of the Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp Act (Act), an increasingly concerned nation took firm action to stop the destruction of migratory (迁徙的) waterfowl and the wetlands so vital to their survival.n.毁灭，破坏 Part 3　经典句式——会表达 句式：倍数表达法 【教材原句】　They found that human activity is causing species to die out 1，000 times faster than normal.他们发现人类活动导致物种灭亡的速度比正常情况快1 000倍。 【知识归纳】 4种常见表示“倍数”的句型： 【写作佳句】　 ①My school has expanded into a big one，which is three times bigger than the previous one. 我的学校已经扩建成了一所更大的学校，比以前的学校大三倍。 ②Much to his surprise，he invited only ten friends to his party，but twice as many came. 令他吃惊的是，他只邀请了十个朋友来参加他的聚会，但来的人却是原来的两倍。 ③This rope is three times the length of that one. 这条绳子是那条绳子的三倍长。 【仿写借鉴】　 这部短片讲述了我们学校的发展。现在，我们新学校的面积是10年前的三倍大。 ①The short film tells about the development of our school.Now our new school is three times larger than what it was ten years ago.(than) ②The short film tells about the development of our school.Now our new school is three times as large as what it was ten years ago.(as) ③The short film tells about the development of our school.Now our new school is three times the size of what it was ten years ago.(size) 句式：without 引导含蓄虚拟语气 【教材原句】　Without forests，we would have no air to breathe，and without clean water we would be unable to survive.没有森林，我们就没有空气可呼吸；没有干净的水，我们将无法生存。 【知识归纳】 ◎句中without短语表示含蓄条件，相当于一个if引导的虚拟条件句，如果表示与现在或将来事实相反，谓语动词用“would＋动词原形”；如果表示与过去事实相反，谓语动词则用“would have＋过去分词”。 ◎表达含蓄条件还可以用but for，otherwise，or，but等。 【写作佳句】　 ①Without the air to hold some of the sun's heat，the earth would be freezing cold at night，too cold for us to live on. 如果没有空气保存太阳的热量，晚上地球将会非常寒冷，冷得我们无法生存。 ②Mr Brown gave me a helping hand.Otherwise, I would have got into great trouble. 多亏布朗先生对我施以援手。否则，我就会遇到大麻烦了。 ③But for the encouraging cheers from the audience，our team couldn't have won such a match. 要不是观众鼓舞人心的欢呼，我们队不可能赢得比赛。 【仿写借鉴】　 ①如果没有挫折，我们的人生就不会充满精彩的故事。 Without setbacks，our life would not be filled with wonderful stories． ②要不是这次经历，我就不会意识到我应该花更多的时间和家人在一起。 But for this experience，I wouldn't have realized that I should spend more time with my family． ③(2022·浙江6月卷)如果没有获得分发的食物，这些无家可归的人可能会饿一整晚，并且失去生活的希望。 These homeless people got distributed food.Otherwise，they might have starved the whole night and lost hope of life. Ⅰ.核心词汇专练——单句语法填空 1．They are close friends，so nothing is likely to threaten (threat) their relationship which many people consider harmonious (harmony). 2．Being blamed (blame) by my father made me so sad that I hid my face in my hands，tears rolling down my face. 3．The designer got annoyed (annoy) with his assistant who always made the same mistakes again and again. 4．After being rejected as a fashion designer，the young man switched to environment conversation. 5．Your talk show can cover anything related (relate) to English，or what school life is like in your country. 6．As a result，adequate preparation is urgently (urge) needed，including practice，nutrition and a perfect plan. 7．Two fifths of the buildings were destroyed (destroy) in the earthquake last weekend，leaving the whole world shocked. 8．To everyone's surprise，Michael claimed to have finished (finish) all his homework in just one hour. 9．We were stuck (stick) in the middle of the lake with a dead motor. 10．You are required to sum up the main idea of the passage with a maximum，rather than a minimum of 6 words. 11．Without the hybrid rice cultivated by Yuan Longping，many people would have died (die) from hunger in the past. 12．It took much time as well as patience to convince him to stay in when parents went out. 13．As a result of disciplines，the construction speed has been three times faster than the speed in the previous days. 14．The ultimate goal of the millionaire is to earn billions (billion) of dollars at the end of the year. 15．It is claimed (claim) that another three astronauts will be sent into space next month. Ⅱ.阅读词汇猜词——熟词生义、派生与合成 写出黑体单词在句中的词性及汉语释义 1．(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)MacBike has been around for almost 30 years and is the biggest bicycle rental company in Amsterdam.adv.出现 2．(2023·全国甲卷)Bo.lan has been making waves in Bangkok's culinary scene since it opened in 2009.n.圈子，界 3．(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)We'll explore beautiful park sites while conducting invasive (侵入的) plant removal, winter planting, and seed collection.n.收集 4．(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)I stuck the chicken in the freezer.vt.(尤指迅速或随手)放置 5．(全国Ⅰ卷)Get up close to the monuments and memorials as you bike the sites of Capitol Hill and the National Mall.n.纪念碑 6．When hearing the familiar sound of the horn of ships，I can't help bursting into tears.n.汽笛声 7．What trick are those children hatching？vt.策划 8．(2024·浙江1月卷)He was in the cast of “Tom Sawyer”when it was first performed and is a Children's Theatre regular, with five shows to his credit.n.常客 9．You're going to have to swallow your pride and ask for your job back.vt.掩饰；抑制 10．(2021·浙江1月卷)At first I got jammed just above my eyes and then，as I went on with my task，unwilling to quit，my nose briefly prevented entry. vt.动弹不得；卡住了 11．I can't work next weekend—will you switch with me？vi.调班 12．I watched for the desert sunsets，and hunted for seashells that had been left there millions of years ago.vi.寻找 13．(2023·全国甲卷)It took weeks and it was backbreaking work, but I know he was proud of my skills. ◎back“背部”＋break“使折断”＋­ing→累得直不起腰的→backbreaking adj.非常繁重的，吃力的 14．(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)A ground­breaking, five­year study shows that diet­related changes in human bite led to new speech sounds that are now found in half the world's languages. ◎ground“地”＋break“打破”＋­ing→打破地面的→ground­breaking adj.开辟新天地的，开拓性的 ◎diet“日常饮食”＋related“相关的”→diet­related adj.日常饮食相关的 15．(2022·全国甲卷)It's jaw­dropping how much perfectly good food is thrown away... ◎jaw“下巴”＋drop“使掉下”＋­ing→惊掉下巴的→jaw­dropping adj.令人大惊失色的 (一)应用文写作 [倡议书——保护野生动物] 假设你是李华，在一年一度的动物保护日来临之际，你将代表学生会号召全体同学保护野生动物。请用英文写一封倡议书。 选用本单元所学知识和右栏词块翻译句子 第一段：介绍发出倡议的原因 1．众所周知，由于栖息地的丧失和气候变化，一些物种的数量正在迅速减少，一些物种甚至即将灭绝。 As we all know, the population of some species is decreasing rapidly and some species are even dying out due to the habitat loss and climate change. 2．如果没有这些物种的多样性，世界将黯然失色彩。(without短语表示含蓄条件) Without the variety of these species, the world would lose colorfulness. 第二段：具体说明如何保护野生动物 3．该是我们采取紧急措施保护这些濒危物种的时候了。(It is high time that...) It is high time that we took/should take urgent measures to protect these endangered species. 4．一些人建议使用清洁能源，而另一些人则建议回收利用并减少我们产生的废物量。(while连接并列句) Some people propose the use of clean energy while others suggest recycling and reducing the amount of waste we produce. 5．恢复它们的栖息地需要很长时间。(It takes sb some time to do...) It will take a long time to restore their habitats. 第三段：表达个人观点或看法 6．我认为我们每个人都有责任拯救濒危野生物种。如果我们都尽自己的一份力，我们可以生活在一个更美丽的世界。 I think we all have a role to play in saving endangered wild species.If we all do our part, we can live in a more beautiful world. [构建语义场——保护野生动物] ①wildlife n．野生动植物 ②danger n．危险 ③protect vi.& vt.保护 ④protection n．保护 ⑤natural adj.自然的 ⑥residential adj.居住的 ⑦wild adj.野生的 ⑧harmonious adj.和谐的 ⑨habitat destruction of animals 动物栖息地的破坏 ⑩die out 灭亡；逐渐消失 ⑪destroy forests 毁坏森林 ⑫in danger (of) 在危险中；垂危 ⑬protect...from...保护……不受……(危害) ⑭endangered animals 濒危动物 ⑮protect rare animals 保护稀有动物 ⑯raise the awareness of...唤醒……的意识 ⑰take urgent measures采取紧急措施 ⑱be concerned about/with 关注；担心 ⑲live in harmony with...与……和谐相处 ⑳cut down trees 砍伐树木 ㉑pour waste water into the rivers 把废水排放到河流里 ㉒the population of some species一些物种的数量 ㉓reduce the amount of waste减少废物量 ㉔save endangered wild species拯救濒危野生物种 (二)读后续写 [环境保护话题＋动作描写之头部] Ⅰ.教材语料积累 词汇 [情感描写]　anxious；stressed out；anger；annoyed；cruel [动作描写]　destroy；recycle；do one's part；hunt；wipe out；decrease；hatch；sum；restore；relate；blame；set out；wrap；swallow；affect；carve [环境描写]　dirt；traffic jam；typhoon；valley；scenic；historic；varied；plastic；packaging；shell；thunderstorm 佳句 1．How often do we arrive at work or school，stressed out，tired and angry？(人物描写) 2．Do whichever of these things that suit you.Don't just sit around and complain！(结尾升华句) Ⅱ.拓展语料背诵 词汇 drop/lower/bend/bow/hang one's head 低头　put/hold/bury one's head in one's hands 双手抱头　nod/shake one's head 点/摇头　rest one's head on/against 把头靠在……上面　scratch one's head 挠头 raise one's head 抬头　throw one's head back 把头往后仰 佳句 1．When he got home，he buried his head under the quilt，pretending to be asleep.(现在分词短语作状语) 他回到家，把头埋在被子里，假装睡着了。 2．Her mother stopped her housework，raising her head with worry in her eyes.(现在分词短语作状语) 她母亲停止做家务，抬起头，眼里流露出担忧。 3．I rose，sat close to my mother，rested my head on her shoulder and could hardly resist weeping.(动作链描写)我站起来，坐在母亲身边，把头靠在她的肩膀上，忍不住哭了起来。 4．I walked slowly to the bus，my head down，tears in my eyes.(独立主格) 我慢慢地向公共汽车走去，低着头，眼里含着泪水。 Ⅲ.语料综合运用 　　我住在一个历史悠久、风景优美的小镇。然而，最近我对一些现象感到恼火，我无法控制我的愤怒。当我慢步在这里的每一个地方时，我看到了各种各样的塑料包装、坚果壳和刻在墙上和树上的字。然后我走近母亲，坐在她身边，把头靠在她的肩膀上，忍不住哭了起来。母亲抚摸着我的头，鼓励我立即采取行动。最后，我抬起头，擦了擦眼泪，眼里充满了希望。此外，镇上经常有交通堵塞。我很担心我的小镇，于是我开始和其他环保主义者一起清理垃圾。我决定用自己的行为去影响别人，而不是把污染归咎于游客。 　　I lived in a historic and scenic town.However，I ①was annoyed at/about some phenomena recently and I couldn't swallow my anger.When I walked slowly in each place here，I saw varied plastic packaging，shells of nuts and characters carved on walls and trees.Then I ②approached my mother，sat close to her，rested my head on her shoulder and could hardly resist weeping (动作链描写).My mother stroked my head and encouraged me to take immediate action.Finally，I ③raised my head and wiped my tears，with hope in my eyes.Besides，there were often traffic jams in the town.Anxious about my town，I set out to clean up the rubbish with other environmentalists.Instead of ④blaming tourists for the pollution/blaming the pollution on tourists，I decided to affect others with my behaviour. A卷 (时间：30分钟　满分：40分) Ⅰ.阅读理解(共11小题，每小题2.5分，共27.5分) A (2025·贵阳市高三年级摸底考试)The Baltimore/Washington Forecast Office of the National Weather Service (NWS) accepts applications annually for volunteer college students each summer.Our competitive program provides students with the experience of performing a guided research or data project while assisting in operations at an NWS forecast office.Please see below for more information about our program. Students selected for our program will be expected to do the following： •Volunteer 2－4 days (approximately 16－24 hours) per week on a set schedule. •Work on an assigned research project or data project，guided by an NWS meteorologist (气象学家). •Become familiar with NWS operations，upper­air observations，policies and procedures，software and computer systems. •If appropriate，submit summer research results to the National Weather Association annual conference and/or other professional conferences.Students are strongly encouraged，but not required，to attend a conference to present their work. Who is qualified to apply? Students interested in this program must be： •Pursuing a degree in meteorology or a related science (such as climatology，hydrology，geoscience，atmospheric science，etc.). •Full­time undergraduates actively enrolled in related classes both the semester before (Spring 2025) and the semester after (Fall 2025) the volunteer period. •Graduating seniors are only qualified if already accepted to or enrolled in graduate school in meteorology or a related field the following fall. •Having an active interest in a future career with the NWS. How do I apply? Applications for Summer 2025 will be open through January 14th, 2025. Please submit the required supporting documents to our official website by the above deadline. Some applicants may be requested to submit responses to written questions，participate in a phone interview，or both，during January or February 2025，before students selections are made.We expect to make selections for volunteers no later than mid to late February. [语篇解读]本文是应用文。文章是一则NWS招募大学生志愿者的广告。 1．What is required to apply for the program? A．Having received a degree in meteorology or a related science. B．Being a full­time undergraduate actively taking related classes. C．Previous experience in working with the NWS. D．Attending a professional conference to present research findings. B　[细节理解题。根据题干将答案定位至小标题“Who is qualified to apply？”下的“Full­time undergraduates actively enrolled in related classes”，即项目要求申请者是积极参加相关课程的全日制大学本科生。原文的“enrolled in”和B项的“taking”是同义转换。故选B项。A项“已经获得气象学或相关科学学位”；C项“以往有在NWS工作的经验”；D项“参加一个专业会议以展示研究成果”。] 2．When is the deadline to submit applications for the Summer 2025 program? A．January 14th. B．February 14th. C．March 14th. D．October 14th. A　[细节理解题。根据小标题“How do I apply？”下的“Applications for Summer 2025 will be open through January 14th，2025”可知，2025年夏季项目的申请将开放至2025年1月14日。故选A项。] 3．Where can we most probably read this article? A．In a textbook. B．In a novel. C．In a newspaper. D．In a guidebook. C　[文章出处题。综合全文，尤其是第一段的“The Baltimore/Washington Forecast Office...accepts applications annually for volunteer college students each summer”可知，本文是一则NWS招募大学生志愿者的广告，故我们最可能在报纸上读到本文。故选C项。A项“在课本中”；D项“在旅游手册中”。] B (2025·惠州市高三第二次调研考试)On a windy day, 40 middle­school students stand by the Harlem River in New York City.Their teacher, Mr.White, pulls a metal cage out of the river.Inside are clusters of oysters(牡蛎).The last time they were here, the oysters were babies. The students' job is to measure how much the oysters have grown and test the river water for pollutants.They will report their findings to researchers at the Billion Oyster Project (BOP).Why work so hard? To make the city's waterways healthy again. Oysters are important for the underwater community they share with plants, fish, and other life.So they are also called a keystone species.If a keystone species disappears, other plants and animals may die out.That's exactly what happened 100 years ago in New York Harbor.Before then, lots of oysters lived here.The oysters were delicious—maybe too delicious.By the early 1900s, people were eating them faster than they could grow. The oysters were in trouble for another reason.Pollution was pouring into the waters of the growing city, and few types of animals could live in it.Since the 1970s，new laws have helped reduce toxic(有毒的)waste.Some fish started to swim through again.But oysters were still missing—until recently.The BOP began in 2014 to help bring oysters back to New York Harbor.So far, students and volunteers have placed about 25, 000, 000 oysters into the harbor. “The oysters definitely look much bigger now，”says a student named Kelly.Taking turns, the kids measure all the oysters, then compare notes.The biggest oyster is over 2 inches long, much bigger than a healthy size for its age. As more oysters grow, the water should become clearer.Also, other animals should move in.Finally, the students put the oysters back in the cage.Mr.White lowers it into the river.When the oysters are big enough, they will be moved to the middle of the harbor.For today, everyone agrees: the future is looking bright for New York Harbor. [语篇解读]本文是新闻报道。文章介绍了牡蛎是关键水下生物，2014年启动的“BOP(十亿牡蛎计划)”将牡蛎带回纽约港，帮助恢复纽约港的生态健康。 4．Why are oysters called a keystone species? A．They grow quickly. B．They are delicious. C．They support underwater life. D．They are able to resist pollution. C　[细节理解题。根据第三段的“Oysters are important for the underwater community they share with plants, fish, and other life”(牡蛎对它们与植物、鱼类和其他生物共享的水下世界很重要)和“If a keystone species disappears, other plants and animals may die out”(如果一个关键物种消失，其他动植物可能会灭绝)可知，牡蛎维持水下生物的生存，因此被称为关键物种。故选C。] 5．What was the problem with oysters over a century ago? A．A period of disappearance. B．Over­consumption by people. C．Lack of clean and safe habitat. D．Competition with other species. B　[细节理解题。根据第三段的“The oysters were delicious—maybe too delicious.By the early 1900s, people were eating them faster than they could grow”可知，牡蛎过于美味，到20世纪初，人们吃它们的速度超过了它们的生长速度，即牡蛎被人们过度消耗，故选B。] 6．What's the goal of the Billion Oyster Project? A．To grow more oysters. B．To collect useful data． C．To protect water plants. D．To restore waterways. D　[推理判断题。根据第二段最后的“To make the city's waterways healthy again”、第四段的“The BOP began in 2014 to help bring oysters back to New York Harbor”和第六段的“As more oysters grow, the water should become clearer”可知，BOP帮助将牡蛎带回纽约港，牡蛎越多，水就越干净，城市的航道就会恢复健康，所以BOP的目标是恢复航道，故选D。] 7．What may be the future outlook for New York Harbor? A．Promising. B．Uncertain. C．Disappointing. D．Unchanged. A　[细节理解题。根据第六段最后一句“For today, everyone agrees: the future is looking bright for New York Harbor”可知，纽约港的未来是光明的，A项promising“大有希望的”与文中“look bright”属同义复现。] C (2025·广东六校二联)Researchers at the University of Exeter in England have crafted a device that employs artificial intelligence (AI) to detect Asian wasps(黄蜂).AI refers to the capability of computers to learn from experiences and execute tasks swiftly that would typically require a significant time investment from humans. Asian wasps are considered an invasive species, indicating that they are not native to the UK and can disrupt our ecosystem—the environment and its living organisms.These wasps feed on local insects and pose a significant threat to honeybees with a single wasp capable of killing up to 50 honeybees in a day. The innovative system, named VespAI, uses a sponge cloth soaked with a liquid that attracts wasps.Once the wasps are drawn in, an automatic camera takes pictures of them.The AI then analyzes the photos to determine whether the insect is an Asian wasp or a European wasp, which is a native species. If an Asian wasp is spotted, a notification is sent right away to the researcher's phone or computer.VespAI acts as an early­warning system, allowing for the detection of any Asian wasps that may have entered a new area of the UK.Its high precision helps authorities respond quickly to follow the wasps, find their nests, and get rid of them before they can reproduce. There is growing concern among experts that Asian wasps may have made a lasting home in the UK rather than being merely transient or accidental arrivals.Currently, the UK's way of dealing with Asian wasps depends on people seeing them, recognizing them, and reporting them.However, many of these reports turn out to be other kinds of insects. Dr.Thomas O'Shea­Wheller, who worked on VespAI, said this new system won't mistake other insects for Asian wasps or miss them when they come around.VespAI has been tested on the island of Jersey and will be tried in other places this year. [语篇解读]本文是说明文。研究人员发明了一款利用人工智能检测亚洲黄蜂的新设备VespAI，该设备可以快速而精准地检测到入侵物种亚洲黄蜂，从而保护当地的生态系统。 8．What does Paragraph 3 mainly focus on? A．VespAI's design and operation. B．The effectiveness of wasp traps. C．VespAI's influence on the ecosystem. D．Traditional wasp detecting methods. A　[段落大意题。第三段讲VespAI使用被浸泡了吸引黄蜂液体的海绵布。一旦黄蜂被吸引来，一台自动相机就会给它们拍照。然后，人工智能分析照片，确定昆虫是亚洲黄蜂还是本土物种欧洲黄蜂。由此可知，本段主要介绍了VespAI 的设计和操作。] 9．What does the underlined word “transient”mean in Paragraph 5? A．Widespread. B．Temporary. C．Frequent. D．Dangerous. B　[词义猜测题。根据画线词前的“rather than”可知，画线词与上文的 lasting“持久的”意思相反；再结合画线词后的“or accidental”可知，画线词与accidental“偶然的”的意思相近。故画线词的含义应与B项“短暂的”意思最为接近。] 10．Which statement would Dr.Thomas probably agree with? A．VespAI will help manage wasp invasions. B．VespAI requires constant human inspection. C．The current reporting system is highly effective. D．The current methods fail to identify Asian wasps. A　[推理判断题。根据题干中的Dr.Thomas将答案定位在最后一段。Dr.Thomas说VespAI不会把其他昆虫误认为是亚洲黄蜂，也不会在它们来的时候错过它们。由此可知，Dr.Thomas 认为VespAI可以有效帮助检测入侵物种亚洲黄蜂，从而抵御其入侵。故选A。B项“VespAI需要持续的人工检查”；C项“目前的报告制度非常有效”；D项“目前的方法无法识别亚洲黄蜂”。] 11．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．AI Disrupts the Survival of Insects B．The Threat of Asian Wasps to Bees C．AI Technology Boosts Wasp Detection D．The Impact of AI on Insect Identification C　[标题归纳题。通读全文，尤其是第一段第一句话“Researchers...have crafted a device that employs artificial intelligence (AI) to detect Asian wasps(黄蜂)”可知，本文主要介绍了研究人员发明了一款利用人工智能检测入侵物种亚洲黄蜂的新设备VespAI，故C项“人工智能技术提高黄蜂检测能力”最适合作本文标题。A项“人工智能扰乱昆虫的生存”；B项“亚洲黄蜂对蜜蜂的威胁”；D项“人工智能对昆虫识别的影响”。] Ⅱ.阅读七选五(共5小题，每小题2.5分，共12.5分) (2025·Z20名校联盟) Why are Police Officers Called Cops? Police officers are often referred to as cops.1( ) Some argue the term is shortened from “copper”and comes from copper badges (徽章) worn by a policeman.Others say that it stands for “Constabulary of Police”． General agreement on the word origins of “cop”，however, suggests that the term is based more on the policeman's job than on his clothing or job title.In Latin, the verb capere can be defined as “to capture”．In French, the verb is caper.“To cop”in English is to seize or to take.2( ) Some also believe that the Dutch word kapen，which also loosely translates as “to steal or take”， is related to policemen being called coppers or cops.Essentially, the police force was there to take criminals off the streets.3( ) And since American English especially draws from German, French, and Latin, the specific language origins of kapen or capere create a ready path to the term “cop”． 4( ) And it is no longer considered rude.However, certain other terms for police officers are definitely unwelcome.While British Police might not mind being called “bobbies”， no police members like to be referred to as “pigs”or the “fuzz”．Some don't mind the term the “heat”as applied to the whole police force，but the police force does not generally take kindly to terms given to them by criminals. The term “cop”is in such common usage now that a show documenting their work on the job is called Cops.Even though J．Edgar Hoover once highly objected to the term, it is now fine to refer to a policeman or a police woman as a cop.5( ) A．The term is slightly less familiar to people. B．So，the Latin, Dutch, and French terms are all similar. C．These words define some of what a police officer does. D．The profession of a police officer was not respected then. E．But the origins of this nickname are something of a debate. F．However, the term “police officer”is generally most correct. G．Today it is appropriate to call members of the police force cops. [语篇解读]本文是说明文。主要介绍了对警察的称呼的演变。 1．E　[上文谈到警察经常被称为cops，即cops是police officers的另一种称呼，故E项中的this nickname与cops相呼应。下文谈到不同的人对这一单词的来源和含义的不同看法，与E项中的“something of a debate”相呼应。故E项“但这个绰号的起源存在争论”承上启下，引出“cop的词源”这一话题。] 2．C　[空处所在段的第一句为段落主旨句，指出人们普遍相信cop一词是基于警察的工作而非衣着或头衔。空前列举了拉丁语、法语和英语中相应单词的含义。设空应是对上文单词的总结，并呼应第一句段落主旨句。故C项“这些单词解释了警察的一些工作”符合语境。] 3．B　[上文提到一些人认为荷兰语单词kapen也与警察的绰号有关，本质上，警察部队是为了逮捕罪犯。这与第二段谈到的拉丁语和法语中的单词是相似的，故B项承接上文，符合语境。] 4．G　[根据空后句子“And it is no longer considered rude”可知，空处与现在人们对警察的称呼有关，故G项“今天把警察部队的成员称为cops是合适的”符合语境。appropriate与rude是相反的概念。] 5．F　[上文谈到对警察的各种称呼，有的是被认可的，有的则不被接受，故此处F项“然而，‘police officer’一词通常是最恰当的”作为总结句符合语境。] B卷 (时间：30分钟　满分：40分) Ⅰ.阅读理解(共4小题，每小题2.5分，共10分) (2025·南充市高考适应性考试)While there are several easy ways to help protect yourself against mosquito­borne diseases, there's another solution that sounds appealing: What if we could just make all the mosquitoes disappear? Plenty of research has revealed food webs of bigger mammals, such as lions or leopards.And for good reason—they're much easier to observe than tiny mosquitoes, which often breed in pools of water.Mosquitoes of all ages and sexes serve as a food source for all kinds of creatures, such as fish, turtles, migratory songbirds, and bats.Moreover, males in many mosquito species eat only nectar(花蜜)，making some species major pollinators(传粉者)of plants such as some crops and flowers. Perhaps more than any other animal, bats are often regarded as being the mosquito's greatest threat.Surely removing all the mosquitoes would affect bats more than most? Not so, says Winifred Frick, a bat biologist at the University of California, Santa Cruz.Most bats actually eat whatever they can catch—mosquitoes, beetles, or otherwise.“There aren't any bat species that specialize specifically on mosquitoes，”says Frick.In fact, some mosquito species are most active during the day, meaning bats would have very few opportunities to feed on them at all. The disappearance of mosquitoes would have massive consequences for global health, however.In all, mosquitoes account for more than 700，000 human deaths each year.Mosquitoes are the primary cause for malaria (疟疾).But we might not need to wipe out mosquitoes to turn around the situation.In recent years, researchers have made promising breakthroughs in preventing disease spreading by infecting mosquitoes with parasitic (寄生的) bacteria, which can make mosquitoes less harmful to other creatures. And it's important to remember that not all mosquito species are responsible for the destructive diseases.In fact, many want nothing to do with us.“There are some species that live in wetlands that will feed mainly on frogs and other amphibians，”says Michael Hutchinson, a professor in insect research.There are also mosquito species in which the females are also not known to be bloodsuckers.In fact, some actually hunt other mosquitoes during their early stage. [语篇解读]本文是议论文。文章探讨了蚊子在生态系统中的作用以及完全消灭蚊子可能带来的后果。 1．What's the function of the question in the first paragraph? A．To raise doubts about the new appealing way. B．To arouse further thinking and introduce the topic. C．To encourage readers to give specific answers. D．To inform readers of mosquitoes' disappearance. B　[写作意图题。文章第一段是说，虽然有几种简单的方法可以帮助你保护自己免受蚊媒传播疾病的侵害，但另一个听起来很吸引人的解决方案是：如果我们确实能让所有的蚊子消失会怎样？接下来的段落讨论了蚊子在生态系统中的重要性和消灭蚊子可能会带来的影响。因此，第一段的问题是一个引子，用来吸引读者的注意力，引发读者深入思考，引出文章接下来的讨论。故选B。] 2．What statement may Frick agree with? A．Bats take mosquitoes as the greatest threat when hunting. B．Bats need to seek new habitats when mosquitoes are gone. C．Bats may not be severely impacted without mosquitoes. D．Bats will face extinction owing to the lack of mosquitoes. C　[推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Surely removing all the mosquitoes would affect bats more than most? Not so, says Winifred Frick”以及“‘There aren't any bat species that specialize specifically on mosquitoes，’ says Frick”可知，Frick认为消除所有的蚊子对蝙蝠的影响并不会比对其他大多数动物的影响更大，实际上没有任何一种蝙蝠种类是以蚊子为主食的。因此可以推断，Frick可能会同意的说法是“没有蚊子，蝙蝠可能不会受到严重影响”。故选C项。A项“蝙蝠在捕猎时将蚊子视为最大的威胁”；B项“蚊子消失后，蝙蝠需要寻找新的栖息地”；D项“由于没有蚊子，蝙蝠将面临灭绝”。] 3.What does the underlined phrase “turn around”mean in Paragraph 4? A．Develop rapidly. B．Maintain properly. C．Reduce greatly. D．Improve gradually. D　[词句猜测题。根据第四段中的“mosquitoes account for more than 700, 000 human deaths...primary cause for malaria”可知，蚊子每年都会造成70万人死亡，并且是导致疟疾的主要原因。画线短语所在句与上文构成转折关系。所以这里是说，我们可能不需要消灭蚊子就能“扭转”局面。下文也提到了预防疾病传播的一些措施。故选D项。A项“快速发展”；B项“适当维持”；C项“大幅减少”；D项“逐渐改善”。] 4．What can be done to prevent mosquitoes spreading diseases according to the passage? A．Infecting other creatures with parasitic bacteriA． B．Hunting mosquitoes which feed mostly on frogs. C．Applying bacteria to mosquitoes to reduce harm. D．Killing all mosquitoes responsible for the diseases. C　[细节理解题。根据第四段中的“researchers...by infecting mosquitoes with parasitic(寄生的)bacteria，which can make mosquitoes less harmful to other creatures”可知，研究人员在预防疾病传播方面取得了重大突破，他们通过让蚊子感染寄生细菌来降低蚊子对其他生物的危害。故选C项。] Ⅱ.完形填空(共15小题，每小题1分，共15分) (2025·南充市高考适应性考试)When informed that I was to stay in the hospital for a few days for treatment, I never expected it would be such a wonderful experience. A young doctor friend 1 me after his long day, remembering that I had mentioned consistent stomach pains.When he learned I had taken painkillers without being to a 2 ， he insisted that my stomach pains be taken seriously.I was 3 to the hospital by him immediately.He accompanied me in the emergency room, and said all the right things to get me through the process 4 ．It wasn't until my daughters arrived at the midnight that I finally got him to 5 ．I am forever 6 ．Two hours later, I was told I was to be 7 ． I enjoyed all the unaccustomed 8 ．Dear friends came to visit, and all my kids came.Nurses and doctors were particularly attentive, though I would never dream of 9 others.Messages of love and concern filled my phone.Between treatments, I 10 with other patients, and got interviewed by a delightful student nurse, doing a paper.What fun! My story would be included in her 11 ！ I realized how many people 12 ．I am overwhelmed with gratitude for the outpouring of love, the messages and visits and continued support.This experience serves as a 13 ，making me aware of the wonderful people whose love gives me 14 and who fill my life with joy.And finally, stay well and please, do not 15 a consistent stomachache! [语篇解读]本文是记叙文。作者因胃痛住院，在这期间，作者感受到了他人给予的关爱。这段经历让作者意识到生活中那些美好的人，他们的爱给了作者力量，让作者的生活充满快乐。 1． A．checked up on B．worked in with C．closed in on D．looked up to A　[根据空前的“A young doctor friend”和下文的“remembering that I had mentioned consistent stomach pains”可知，作者的医生朋友记得作者提到过持续的胃痛，所以他来给作者做检查。check up on“检查，查询；核实”，符合语境，故选A。work in with“与……配合”；close in on“包围”；look up to“钦佩，尊敬”。] 2． A．relative B．nurse C．patient D．doctor D　[根据下文的“he insisted that my stomach pains be taken seriously”并结合语境可知，当他得知作者没有去看医生(doctor)就吃了止痛药时，他坚持要认真对待作者的胃痛。relative“家人，亲戚”；nurse“护士”。] 3． A．called B．rushed C．pushed D．moved B　[上文提到作者的医生朋友坚持要认真对待作者的胃痛，再结合下文的“He accompanied me in the emergency room”可知，作者被朋友迅速送往急诊室。rush在此意为“快速运输，速送”，属于熟词生义的用法，故选B。push“推，按”。] 4． A．efficiently B．suddenly C．officially D．deliberately A　[根据上文的“A young doctor friend”“said all the right things”可知，作者的朋友是位年轻的医生，在急诊室中，他说了所有正确的事情，让作者高效地(efficiently)经历了整个过程。officially“官方地，正式地”；deliberately“故意，蓄意”。] 5． A．send B．greet C．admire D．leave D　[根据上文的“until my daughters arrived at the midnight”可知，直到午夜，作者的女儿来了，作者才说服医生朋友离开(leave)。greet“问候，迎接，招呼”；admire“敬佩，钦佩，羡慕”。] 6． A．satisfied B．devoted C．grateful D．amused C　[根据上文描述的医生朋友对作者的关心和帮助可知，作者非常感谢医生朋友。grateful“感激的，蒙恩的”，符合语境，故选C。satisfied“满意的，满足的”；devoted “忠诚的，全心全意的”；amused“被逗乐的，感到有趣的”。] 7． A．compared B．admitted C．deserted D．cheated B　[根据上文描述的作者被送往医院和下文的“Dear friends came to visit, and all my kids came.Nurses and doctors were particularly attentive”可知，作者被告知要住院接受治疗。admit在此意为“接收……入院，收治”，属于熟词生义的用法，故选B。compare“比较，对比”；desert“遗弃，抛弃，离弃”；cheat“欺诈，欺骗”。] 8． A．conclusion B．attention C．excitement D．silence B　[根据下文的“Dear friends came to visit, and all my kids came.Nurses and doctors were particularly attentive”可知，作者享受这种不寻常的关注(attention)。conclusion“结论”；excitement“兴奋”；silence“寂静，沉默”。文中的attentive是attention的形容词形式。] 9． A．understanding B．ordering C．bothering D．cheering C　[上文讲“Nurses and doctors were particularly attentive，though I would never dream of...”， though“虽然”，引导让步状语从句，此处表示“虽然我从来没有想过要麻烦别人，但护士和医生照顾得特别周到”。bother“麻烦”，符合语境，故选C。understand“理解，明白”；order“命令，指挥”；cheer“欢呼，喝彩，加油”。] 10．A．socialized B．agreed C．competed D．reasoned A　[根据语境可知，作者在治疗期间和其他病人交往(socialized)。agree with sb“同意某人的意见”；compete with sb“与某人竞争”；reason with sb“和某人讲道理”。] 11．A．acts B．duties C．studies D．tricks C　[根据上文的“a delightful student nurse, doing a paper”可知，作者接受了一位实习护士的采访，她当时正在写一篇论文，所以作者的故事将被写入她的研究(studies)中。duty“责任，义务，本分”；trick“花招，骗局，诡计”。] 12．A．cared B．suffered C．aged D．matured A　[根据上文的“Dear friends came to visit...love and concern filled my phone”和下文的“the outpouring of love, the messages and visits and continued support”可知，作者意识到很多人关心(cared)自己。suffer“(身体或精神上)受苦，遭受(痛苦)”；age“变老”；mature“变成熟，完全长成”。] 13．A．task B．message C．routine D．reminder D　[根据下文的“making me aware of the wonderful people”可知，这次经历提醒作者生活中有许多美好的人。reminder“提醒人的事物”，故选D。task“任务，工作”；routine“惯例，常规，例行公事”。] 14．A．wealth B．value C．strength D．respect C　[上文描述了作者生病住院期间，他人给予作者的关爱。再结合语境可知，此处表示那些美好的人用爱给予作者力量(strength)，让作者的生活充满快乐。wealth“钱财，财产”；value“价值”；respect“尊敬，敬重”。] 15．A．notice B．overcome C．reserve D．ignore D　[根据上文的“stay well”再结合作者的自身经历可知，作者建议大家保持身体健康，不要忽视(ignore)持续的胃痛。notice“看(或听)到，注意到，意识到”；overcome “克服，解决”；reserve“保留，预留”。] Ⅲ.语法填空(共10个空，每空1．5分，共15分) (2025·石家庄市普通高中学校毕业年级教学摸底检测)Few animals can survive in the Gobi Desert like wild camels, where temperatures range from over 40℃ in summer to minus 40℃ in winter.However, experts believe that there are now only about 1, 000 wild camels 1 (leave).Luckily, rescue may be at hand from an unlikely source: space technology. The wild camels are distributed across the vast land, 2 (make) it impossible to track or monitor them accurately.Liu Shaochuang, 3 remote sensing specialist, realised that he was in a unique position to help with remote sensing—the use of satellites. The first step is 4 (fit) camels with tracking collars that link to satellites, 5 can be used to determine their positions daily.Once the camels' key habitats 6 (identify), Liu's team study the environment with the remote sensing technology.They can study extensive data regarding the camels' movements, the ecological impact of climate change, 7 other potential threats, all from his desk in Beijing.It is this 8 (innovate) approach to conservation that earned Liu his Rolex Award for Enterprise.Nevertheless, he 9 (regular) returns to the Gobi Desert to continue his work. Liu's work with the wild camel is just the start, and he hopes that the series of 10 (strategy) his team have developed can help protect other endangered animals. [语篇解读]本文是说明文。本文主要介绍了中国遥感专家刘少创运用遥感技术，跨界拯救濒危野生骆驼的故事。 1．left　[考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，宾语从句为there be句型，are是谓语动词，空处在句中作非谓语，与其逻辑主语“1，000 wild camels”之间是动宾关系，故用过去分词作后置定语，填left。] 2．making　[考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，本句的谓语是are distributed，空处在句中作非谓语。结合句意可知，此处表示自然而然的结果，应用现在分词，故填making。句意：野生骆驼分布在广阔的土地上，这使得准确地跟踪或监测它们是不可能的。] 3．a　[考查冠词。“ remote sensing specialist”作“Liu Shaochuang”的同位语，specialist“专家”为可数名词，此处表示泛指，且remote的发音以辅音音素开头，故填a。] 4．to fit　[考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处作非谓语。此处表示目的，应用动词不定式作表语，故填to fit。] 5．which　[考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是表示物的名词短语tracking collars，从句缺少主语，故填which。句意：第一步是给骆驼安装与卫星相连的跟踪项圈，这些项圈可以用来确定它们每天的位置。] 6．are identified　[考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，空处作Once引导的条件状语从句的谓语。结合上下文可知，此处描述客观事实，应用一般现在时；主语“the camels' key habitats”是复数，和identify之间是被动关系。故填are identified。句意：一旦确定了骆驼的主要栖息地，刘少创的团队就会用遥感技术研究环境。] 7．and　[考查连词。分析句子结构并结合句意可知，“the camels' movements”“the ecological impact of climate change”和空后的“other potential threats”是并列关系，同作介词regarding的宾语，故填and。] 8．innovative　[考查形容词。空处修饰空后的名词approach，应用形容词，故填innovative。] 9．regularly　[考查副词。空处修饰空后的谓语动词returns，应用副词，故填 regularly。] 10．strategies　[考查名词复数。strategy在此意为“策略，计策，行动计划”，为可数名词。根据空前的“the series of”可知，此处表示“一系列策略”，是复数概念，故填strategies。句意：刘少创对野生骆驼的保护只是一个开始，他希望他的团队开发的一系列策略可以帮助保护其他濒危动物。] 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $