选择性必修第一册 UNIT 1 RELATIONSHIPS（教师用书Word）-【正禾一本通】2026年新高考英语高三一轮总复习高效讲义（北师大版）

任务(一)　单词背诵 重点词汇 1．trait 　　　 n．特性，品质 2．niece n．侄女，外甥女 3．nephew n．侄子，外甥 4．triangle n．三角形 5．hydrogen n．氢 6．acid n．酸 7．onion n．洋葱 8．feedback n．反馈意见 9．highlight vt.标出；突出显示 10．social networking 社交网络 11．laptop n．笔记本电脑，便携式电脑 12．app n．应用程序 13．wired adj.联网的；极其兴奋的 14．scroll vi.上下滚动 15．inch n．英寸 16．booze n．酒 17．hard­wired adj.硬件控制的；天生的 18．innovation n．革新，创新 19．clarity n．清楚，清晰 写作词汇 1．a friendly and outgoing personality友好外向的性格 2．the spread of flu virus 流感病毒的传播 3．an incredible story不可思议的故事 4．extremely difficult 极其困难 5．pour some fuel into the rocket给火箭注入一些燃料 6．lack confidence 缺乏信心 7．drag the boat up the bank 把船拖上岸 8．a worthwhile job 一项值得做的工作 9．in a less direct manner以一种不那么直接的方式 10．a sensitive and caring man一个体贴的男人 11．constantly post on social media持续不断地在社交媒体上发帖 12．a university dorm 大学宿舍 13．barely afford the fare 几乎付不起车费 14．a million miles away 在百万英里之外 15．obsess much about computer games着迷于电脑游戏 16．some of my oldest mates 我的一些老朋友 17．dominate my life in many ways在很多方面主宰我的生活 18．the deadline of their homework他们作业的最后期限 19．a desperate cry 绝望的喊叫 20．delay things that are important推迟重要的事情 21．chatter away happily高兴地闲扯 22．a truly extraordinary woman一位非常杰出的女性 23．the topic of the speech 演讲的题目 24．a person with principles 有原则的人 拓展词汇 1． humour n.　　　　 幽默感 humorous adj. 幽默的 2． passionate adj. 热爱的，酷爱的；具有强烈信念的 passionately adv. 热情地；强烈地 passion n. 热爱；热情 3． host vt. 主办；做……的东道主 n. 主人；主持人 hostess n. 女主人；女主持人 4． occasionally adv.　 偶尔；偶然 occasion n. 场合 occasional adj. 偶尔的；偶然的 5． emotional adj. 激起感情的；情感上的；情绪上的 emotionally adv. 感情上；情绪上 emotion n. 情感；情绪 6． grateful adj. 感激的，感谢的 gratitude n. 感激 gratefully adv. 感激地 7． practical adj.　　 实际的；实践的；切实可行的 practice n．& vi.& vt. 练习 practically adv. 实际地；切实可行地 8． presentation n. 报告；陈述，说明 present vt. 授予；呈现 n. 礼物 9． behaviour n. 行为，举止 behave vi. 表现；表现得体 10．access n. 进入；接触的机会 accessible adj. 易接近的；可达到的；易取得的 11．educationalist n. 教育(学)家 educate vt. 教育 education n. 教育 educational adj. 教育的；有教育意义的 12．preference n. 偏爱，偏好 prefer vt.& vi. 更喜欢；宁愿 13．ashamed adj. 羞愧的；内疚的；惭愧的 shame n. 羞耻；羞愧感 shameful adj. 可耻的；丢脸的 14．intention n. 意图，目的；打算 intend vt. 意图；打算 15．demanding adj. 要求严格的；费力的 demand vt. 要求 n. 需求，要求 16．effective adj. 有效的 effect n. 影响；效果 17．socialise vi. 交友；交际；交往 social adj. 社会的；社交的 socially adv. 在社会上；在社交上 society n. 社会；协会；社团 18．associate vt. 与某人交往；联系 adj. 副的 associated adj. 有联系的 association n. 联系；协会；社团 19．reserved adj. 含蓄的；内敛的 reserve vt. 保留；保存；预定 n. 储备；保护区 reservation n. 保留；预定 20．distracted adj. 心神不定的，精神无法集中的 distract vt. 转移；分散；分心 distraction n. 使人分心的事物 21．reality n.　　　 　 现实；真实 real adj. 真实的；现实的 really adv. 真正地；确实地 realise vt.& vi. 实现；意识到 22．stimulation n. 刺激 stimulate vt. 刺激；激励；激发 23．intense adj. 紧张的，激烈的；剧烈的 intensity n. 强度；强烈 24．depressed adj. 沮丧的，忧愁的 depress vt. 使抑郁；使萧条 depressing adj. 令人忧愁的，使人沮丧的 depression n. 抑郁症；消沉；萧条期 25．rude adj. 无礼的 rudely adv. 无礼地；粗鲁地 rudeness n. 粗野，无礼；粗陋 26．complain vi.& vt. 抱怨；不满；发牢骚 complaint n. 抱怨；不满 27．appointment n. 约定；约会 appoint vt. 任命，委派；指定；约定 appointed adj. 约定的；指定的 28．alcoholic n. 酗酒者，嗜酒成瘾者 adj. (含)酒精的 alcohol n. 酒精 29．invitation n. 邀请 invite vt. 邀请 30．organise vt. 组织，筹划 vt.& vi. (使)成立；组建(联盟、党派等) organiser n. 组织者 organisation n. 组织 31．competitor n. 选手，参赛者 compete vi. 比赛；竞争 competition n. 比赛；竞争 competitive adj. 竞争的 32．fluency n. 流畅，熟练 fluent adj. 流畅的，熟练的 fluently adv. 流利地；熟练地 33．progression n. 发展，变化 progress n．& vi. 进步；前进 34．engagement n. 参与 engage vi. 参与 vt. 吸引；雇用 35．sincerely adv. 真诚地，由衷地 sincere adj. 真诚的，由衷的 sincerity n. 真挚，诚心诚意 36．belong vi.　 　　 应在(某处)；适应 belonging n. 归属；[pl.]所有物，财产 37．approval n. 赞许；同意 approve vi. 赞许；同意 vt. 批准；认可 disapprove vi.& vt. 不赞许；不同意 disapproval n. 不同意 38．defend vi.& vt. 保护，保卫 defence n.　　　　　 保护，保卫 defensive adj. 防御(性)的；戒备的 39．politics n. 政治，政治活动 political adj. 政治的 politician n. 政治家；政客 40．motivation n. 动力，积极性 motivate vt. 激励；激发 motivated adj. 有动机的；有积极性的 unmotivated adj. 不积极的，不主动的 教材外课标词汇 1．garlic /'ɡɑːlɪk/ n．蒜 2．grain /ɡreɪn/ n．谷物，谷粒；颗粒 3．gramme /ɡræm/ (NAmE gram) n．克 (重量单位) 4．guidance /'ɡaɪdns/ n．指导；引导；导航 5．habitat /'hæbɪtæt/ n．(动植物的)生活环境；栖息地 6．ham /hæm/ n．火腿 7．handwriting /'hændˌraɪtɪ/ n．书法；书写；笔迹 8．harmonious /hɑː'məʊniəs/ adj.和谐的 9．harmony /'hɑːməni/ n．和谐；融洽 10．harvest /'hɑːvɪst/ n．收获季节；收获；收成 vi.& vt.收割(庄稼)；捕猎(动物、鱼) 11．hike /haɪk/ vi.徒步旅行 vt.去……远足 n．远足；徒步旅行 12．ideal /aɪ'diːəl/ adj.完美的；理想的；想象的 n．理想；完美的人 (或事物) 一词多义 1．upset 　　①adj.烦恼的，心烦意乱的 ②vt.使生气，使心烦意乱 2．flow ①n.流动 ②vi.流，流动 3．chase ①vi.& vt.努力赢得 ②n.追逐，追赶 4．contrast ①n.差异，差别 ②vt.形成对比 熟词生义 1．fuel [常见义]n.燃料 vt.给……提供燃料→[生僻义]vt.增加；加强 2．handle [常见义]vt.处理(难题)；应付(局面)→[生僻义]vt.控制，操纵n.柄；把手 3．raise [常见义]vt.提出，提起→[生僻义]vt.提高；饲养；筹集(金钱) 4．bend [常见义]vi.& vt.弯腰；俯身→[生僻义]vi.屈从 n．(道路、河流的)弯；拐角 5．tense [常见义]n.时态→[生僻义]adj.紧张的 6．rocket [常见义]n.火箭→[生僻义]vi.飞速上涨 词源猜义 1．triangle　 tri(三)＋angle(角)→三个角的物体→引申为：n.三角形 2．feedback　 feed (喂养)＋back(返回)→返回的信息或反应→引申为：n.反馈，回馈 3．highlight　 high (高)＋light(光，照亮)→突出显示的部分，光照亮的地方→引申为：v.突出，强调 4．innovation　 in(进入)＋nov (新)＋ation(名词词缀)→进入新的状态或方法→引申为：n.创新，革新 5．incredible　 in(否定)＋cred (相信)＋ible(形容词词缀)→不可相信的→引申为：adj.难以置信的，惊人的，极好的 6．worthwhile　 worth (价值)＋while(时间)→有价值的时间→引申为：adj.值得的，有意义的 7．sensitive　 sens (感觉)＋itive(形容词词缀)→能够感知的→引申为：adj.敏感的，善解人意的，易受影响的 8．deadline　 dead (死亡)＋line(直线，线条)→过了这个时间就“死亡”→引申为：n.截止日期 9．extraordinary　 extra(超出)＋ordin (常规)＋ary(形容词词缀)→超出常规的→引申为：adj.非凡的，特别的，异乎寻常的，令人惊奇的 10．educationalist　 educat (教育)＋ion(名词词缀)＋al(形容词词缀)＋ist(名词词缀，表示人)→从事教育的人→引申为：n.教育(学)家，教育工作者 任务(二)　短语、句式、语篇背诵 Ⅰ.短语巧学助记 1．for the first time 　 初次，第一次 2．pour into 投入(倒)……于某物 3．used to do... 过去经常做某事，曾经做某事 4．associate with 与某人交往 5．obsess over 对……过分担心 6．chatter away 喋喋不休 7．on behalf of sb 代表某人 8．in contrast to 和……对比 9．add up to 总计达到 10．lack confidence in 在某方面缺乏信心 11．bend over 伏在……上面 12．have access to 获许进入 13．in reality 事实上 14．chase after 追逐 15．set up ①建立 ②启动 16．a couple of ①一些，几个 ②一双，一对 17．set off ①引爆 ②出发 18．take up ①占据，占用(时间、空间等) ②拿起 ③接受 ④开始从事 ⑤继续 Ⅱ.句式遮挡背诵 1．I had no idea what hydrogen was，and I didn't really want to know，either！(what引导的同位语从句) 2．I found it all so boring and difficult.(find＋宾语＋宾语补足语) 3．Sometimes I think，if only I could call him and ask for his opinion！(if only引导的虚拟条件句) 4．The first day he walked into my class，he was dragging his schoolbag behind him and looking bored...(the first day引导时间状语从句) 5．Then we could make sure that we would find the path to success，both at school and in later life，for all of them.(make sure后跟宾语从句) 6．As soon as I open my eyes in the morning，I check through all my social networking apps，read my emails and answer text messages.(as soon as引导时间状语从句) 7....not once did she lift her head to enjoy the view outside her window.(否定副词位于句首引起部分倒装) [遮住左栏尝试背诵] 1．我不知道氢是什么，而且我也不想知道！ 2．我觉得这些东西既无聊又难以理解。 3．有时我(甚至)想，如果能打电话征求他的意见就好了！ 4．他第一天走进我的班级时，书包在身后拖着，一副百无聊赖的样子…… 5．这样我们才能确保为他们找到通向成功的道路，不管在学业上还是以后的生活中。 6．早上一睁眼，我就去查看所有社交网络应用程序，阅读电子邮件并回复短信。 7．……她一次也没有抬起头欣赏窗外的景色。 Ⅲ.语篇词汇串记 　　I have a niece who is sensitive，outgoing and is passionate about organising all kinds of activities and a nephew who has a sense of humour but lacks confidence.When they came to my house for the first time a couple of weeks ago，they were extremely depressed because there was not a laptop in my house and barely did I socialise with others on social networking.It upset them that they had no access to connecting their electronic devices to Wi­Fi.In reality，their reserved mother was desperate to send them to my house so that they would not associate with their online mates.Besides，they used to waste a lot of time chasing after stimulation online.They were so distracted that they forgot the deadline of their homework.Their parents constantly complained about and obsessed over their behaviour.However，I found my nephew had an extraordinary preference for science fiction in contrast to other children，so I handled the problem from a practical and effective angle with the intention of fueling his interest.I promised that if he could give a presentation about the book he had read，I would buy another science fiction book for him.After all，interest is the best motivation.Their mother was sincerely grateful to me and she thought it incredible that her son could pour into reading for hours． [遮住左栏，忆加黑词汇] 我有一个善解人意、外向、热衷于组织各种活动的侄女和一个有幽默感但缺乏自信的侄子。几周前，当他们第一次来我家时，他们非常沮丧，因为我家里没有笔记本电脑，而且我几乎不在社交网络上与其他人交流。让他们心烦的是，他们无法给他们的电子设备连接无线网络。实际上，他们沉默寡言的母亲极想把他们送到我家，这样他们就不会和网友联系了。此外，他们过去常常浪费大量时间在网上追求刺激。他们精神无法集中以至于忘记了作业的截止日期。他们的父母经常抱怨，并对他们的行为过分担心。然而，我发现我的侄子与其他孩子相比，对科幻小说有着超乎寻常的偏好，所以我从一个实际且有效的角度来处理这个问题，目的是激发他的兴趣。我答应他，如果他能就他读过的那本书做一个报告，我就再给他买一本科幻小说。毕竟，兴趣是最好的动力。他们的妈妈非常感激我，她觉得她儿子能一连几个小时沉浸在阅读中真是不可思议。 任务(三)　背诵过关测＋练 一、单词过关测＋练 阅读词汇知其意 1．trait 　 　　 n．特性，品质 2．niece n．侄女，外甥女 3．nephew n．侄子，外甥 4．triangle n．三角形 5．hydrogen n．氢 6．acid n．酸 7．onion n．洋葱 8．feedback n．反馈意见 9．highlight vt.标出；突出显示 10．tense n．时态 11．social networking　 社交网络 12．laptop n．笔记本电脑，便携式电脑 13．app n．应用程序 14．wired adj.联网的；极其兴奋的 15．scroll vi.上下滚动 16．inch n．英寸 17．booze n．酒 18．hard­wired adj.硬件控制的；天生的 19．innovation n．革新，创新 20．clarity n．清楚，清晰 核心词汇写其形 Ⅰ.单词默写检测 1．flu 　　　　 n．流行性感冒，流感 2．incredible adj.难以置信的；极好的 3．pour vt.灌，注，倒 4．fuel n．燃料 5．lack vt.缺乏 6．worthwhile adj.值得做的；重要的；有益的 7．raise vt.提出，提起 8．sensitive adj.敏感的；善解人意的 9．constantly adv.持续不断地 10．dorm n．寝室，学生宿舍 11．flow n．流动 vi.流，流动 12．barely 　　　　 adv.几乎不 13．obsess vt.使迷恋 14．mate n．朋友，伙伴 15．dominate vi.& vt.主宰，支配，控制 16．deadline n．截止日期，最后期限 17．chase vi.& vt.努力赢得 n．追逐，追赶 18．desperate adj.拼命的；绝望的 19．chatter vi.唠叨，喋喋不休 20．bend vi.& vt.弯腰；俯身 21．extraordinary adj.令人惊奇的，异乎寻常的 22．contrast n．差异，差别 vt.形成对比 Ⅱ.单词语境练 23．(2024·新高考Ⅱ卷)This informative walk led by Richard Smyth introduces you to the basic principles (原则) of photography in the wild. 24．(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)At the award presentation, I accepted the award certificate, extremely (极其) nervous and excited. 25．Have a face­to­face talk with Sarah, and you will find her friendly and outgoing (外向的). 26．(2024·浙江1月卷)As a result, since 1996 a group of insurance companies have spent about $2 million (百万) per year on the Alberta Hail Suppression Project. 27．My parents dragged (拖；拽) me into the cinema to see a boring movie.I was seized by boredom. 28．While the problem is difficult to handle (处理)，we should spare no effort to help those who are suffering from Internet addiction. 29.It is bad manners (礼貌) for you to stare at others for a long time. 30．The flight has been delayed (推迟) because of the sudden brainstorm. 31．We went over and put our arms around her，and she explained to us why she was so upset (伤心的). 32．I think we need to read some materials that are relevant to the topic (话题) we are discussing. 33．Sometimes, we need to consider a problem from different angles (角度) in order to come up with a best solution for it. 拓展词汇通其变 Ⅰ.词族拓展检测 1．host vt.主办；做……的东道主n.主人；主持人→hostess n．女主人；女主持人 2．occasionally adv.偶尔；偶然→occasion n．场合→occasional adj.偶尔的；偶然的 3．emotional adj.激起感情的；情感上的；情绪上的→emotionally adv.感情上；情绪上→emotion n．情感；情绪 4．grateful adj.感激的，感谢的→gratefully adv.感激地→gratitude n．感激 5．motivation n．动力，积极性→motivate vt.激励；激发→motivated adj.有动机的；有积极性的 6．preference n．偏爱，偏好→prefer vt.& vi.更喜欢；宁愿 7．ashamed adj.羞愧的；内疚的；惭愧的→shame n．羞耻；羞愧感→shameful adj.可耻的；丢脸的 8．demanding adj.要求严格的；费力的→demand vt.要求 n．需求，要求 9．associate vt.与某人交往；联系 adj.副的→associated adj.有联系的→association n．联系；协会；社团 10．reserved adj.含蓄的；内敛的→reserve vt.保留；保存；预定n.储备；保护区→reservation n．保留；预定 11．distracted adj.心神不定的，精神无法集中的→distract vt.转移；分散；分心→distraction n．使人分心的事物 12．stimulation n．刺激→stimulate vt.刺激；激励；激发 13．organise vt.组织，筹划→organiser n．组织者→organisation n．组织 14．progression n．发展，变化→progress n．& vi.进步；前进 15．engagement n．参与→engage vi.参与 vt.吸引；雇佣 16．sincerely adv.真诚地，由衷地→sincere adj.真诚的，由衷的→sincerity n．真挚，诚心诚意 17．belong vi.应在(某处)；适应→belonging n．归属；[pl.]所有物，财产 18．approval n．赞许；同意→approve vi.赞许；同意 vt.批准；许可→disapprove vi.& vt.不赞许；不同意→disapproval n．不同意 19．defend vi.& vt.保护，保卫→defence n．保护，保卫→defensive adj.防御(性)的；戒备的 Ⅱ.词族语境练 20．(2024·全国甲卷)When is the class presentation (present) according to Vicky? 21．One of her traits is that she has a sense of humour so she can explain much knowledge in a humorous way.(humour) 22．Having a passion for basketball，he watches every NBA match passionately．(passionate) 23．(2022·全国甲卷)Countries should team up with one another to work out practical (practice) plans regarding ocean protection. 24．Nowadays teaching is a demanding job because it is difficult to satisfy parents' demands．(demand) 25．The old man complains loudly about everything while his wife always ignores his complaints．(complain) 26．Now that you have decided to keep the appointment，why not go at the appointed time？(appoint) 27．Many people appreciated being invited to the palace ball and accepted the invitation happily.(invite) 28．All the competitors competed against each other in the competitive competition.(compete) 29．Not only can my sister speak Spanish fluently，but also she can speak French with great fluency．(fluent) 30．It was rude of you to injure his pride last night, so you must offer him an apology for your rudeness．(rude) 31．As the saying goes，“Knowledge is power.”We live in an age of knowledge economy.Students must have access to a good library so that all good books will be accessible to them.(access) 32．Before the new law comes into effect, I hope we can take some effective measures to protect the Tibetan antelopes.Then we should work effectively at once.(effect) 33．All the players were depressed about the depressing result, which depressed the captain too.(depress) 二、短语过关测＋练 短语翻译 短语语境练(选用左栏短语填空) 第一组 1．for the first time 　 初次，第一次 2．pour into 投入(倒)……于某物 3．a couple of 一些，几个；一双，一对 4．used to do... 过去经常做某事，曾经做某事 5．associate with 与某人交往 6．obsess over 对……过分担心 7．chatter away 喋喋不休 8．on behalf of sb 代表某人 9．in contrast to 和……对比 第二组 10．take up 占据；占用(时间、空间等)； 拿起；接受；开始从事；继续 11．set off 引爆；出发 12．set up 建立；启动 13．have access to 获许进入 14．in reality 事实上 15．chase after 追逐 16．bend over 伏在……上面 17．On behalf of our school, I feel greatly privileged to convey warm welcome to you. 18．In contrast to my previous impression, the atmosphere here is not intense at all. 19．Mr.King took up a position as a headmaster in a high school, so he knew the importance of education. 20．Jamie looked on John as his only real friend, but in reality John often spoke ill of him. 21．The young couple used to stay up late，but now they get used to going to bed early to set a good example to their son. 22．Whenever these girls get together，they will spend several hours chattering away all the time. 23．I'll be with you in a minute.There are a couple of things I have to do first. 24．This is the first time that his son has gone abroad，so he obsesses over his safety. 三、句式过关测 1．我不知道氢是什么，而且我也不想知道！(what引导的同位语从句) I had no idea what hydrogen was，and I didn't really want to know，either! 2．我觉得这些东西既无聊又难以理解。(find＋宾语＋宾语补足语) I found it all so boring and difficult． 3．有时我(甚至)想，如果能打电话征求他的意见就好了！(if only引导的虚拟条件句) Sometimes I think，if only I could call him and ask for his opinion! 4．他第一天走进我的班级时，书包在身后拖着，一副百无聊赖的样子……(the first day引导时间状语从句) The first day he walked into my class，he was dragging his schoolbag behind him and looking bored... 5．早上一睁眼，我就去查看所有社交网络应用程序，阅读电子邮件并回复短信。(as soon as引导时间状语从句) As soon as I open my eyes in the morning，I check through all my social networking apps，read my emails and answer text messages. 6．……她一次也没有抬起头欣赏窗外的景色。(否定副词位于句首引起部分倒装) ...not once did she lift her head to enjoy the view outside her window. Part 1　核心词汇——学搭配 grateful adj.感激的，感谢的(gratitude n．感激) 【语境运用】　完成句子/一句多译 ①(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)他一接电话，我就对他的帮助表示了衷心的感谢，并坚持要与他见面以返还这笔钱。 The moment he answered the phone, I expressed my heartfelt gratitude for his help and insisted on meeting him to return the money. ②(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)如果您能接受我们的邀请并在节目中给我们宝贵的建议，我们将不胜感激。 →We will be grateful if you could accept our invitation and give us invaluable advice in the show.(grateful) →We will appreciate it if you could accept our invitation and give us invaluable advice in the show.(appreciate) 【知识归纳】　 ◎be grateful to sb for sth 因某事而感激某人 ◎be grateful to do sth 因做某事而感激 ◎be grateful that... 感激…… ◎I would be grateful/appreciate it if you could do... 如果你能做……，我将不胜感激 ◎with gratitude 感激地 【写作语料】　 ◎express my sincere gratitude for what you have done for me对你为我所做的一切表示衷心的感谢 ◎Tears of gratitude blurred my vision.感激的泪水模糊了我的视线。 lack vt.缺乏；n.缺乏；短缺(lacking adj.不足的；缺乏的) 【知识归纳】　 ◎(a) lack of 缺少…… ◎for/through lack of 因缺少…… ◎be lacking in 在……(方面)缺乏 【写作语料】　 ◎lack cooking experience缺乏烹饪经验 ◎a lack of enough practice缺乏足够的练习 ◎be lacking in motivation缺乏动力 【语境运用】　完成语段 健康问题与不好的饮食习惯和缺乏锻炼密切相关。由于缺乏这两点，许多人最终变得身体不健康。 Health problems are closely connected with bad eating habits and ①(a) lack of exercise．②For/Through lack of both of them，many people end up being physically unhealthy. access n．进入；接触的机会；通道；机会，权利 vt.进入；获取(数据)(accessible adj.易到达的；易进入的；易得到的；易使用的) 【知识归纳】　 ◎have/get/obtain/gain access to... 拥有……的机会；可以接近/进入…… ◎be accessible to 易到达……；易进入……；易得到……；易使用…… 【写作语料】　 ◎have easy access to public transportation 方便乘坐公共交通工具 ◎gain access to exclusive club membership 获得独家俱乐部会员资格 ◎provide equal access to healthcare services 提供平等获得医疗服务的机会 ◎a website accessible to users with disabilities 一个残障用户可使用的网站 【语境运用】　单句语法填空/一句多译 ①(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)The outdoor art class provided us with access to a beautiful natural setting, which greatly inspired our creativity. ②(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)所有学生都可以获得美术老师的指导和反馈，这会帮助我们提高技巧并发展我们的艺术视野。 →The art teacher's guidance and feedback were accessible to all students, helping us refine our skills and develop our artistic vision. →All students had/gained access to the art teacher's guidance and feedback, helping us refine our skills and develop our artistic vision. upset adj.烦恼的，心烦意乱的；难过的，不高兴的　vt.(upset，upset，upsetting)使生气，使心烦意乱 【知识归纳】　 ◎be upset about/by/at sth 为某事心烦 ◎be upset to do sth 对做某事感到不安 ◎what upsets sb is... 让某人心烦的是…… ◎it upset(s) sb to do sth/that... 做某事让人心烦/让某人心烦的是…… 【写作语料】　 ◎She was upset about the news.她因这则消息感到不安。 ◎be upset and depressed既心烦又沮丧 ◎be upset to see the children看到孩子们感到不安 【语境运用】　完成句子/句式升级 ①在她离开的时候，艾米丽很难过地道了别。 As she was leaving, Emily was really upset to say goodbye． ②(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)I was upset that my partner came down with a serious illness and was admitted to hospital. →What upset me was that my partner came down with a serious illness and was admitted to hospital.(what主语从句) →It upset me that my partner came down with a serious illness and was admitted to hospital.(it作形式主语) ashamed adj.羞愧的；内疚的；惭愧的(shame n．羞愧；让人遗憾的事　shameful adj.可耻的　shameless adj.无耻的) 【知识归纳】　 ◎be/feel ashamed of... 为……而感到羞耻 ◎be ashamed to do sth 耻于做某事 ◎It's a shame that... ……真让人遗憾 ◎What a shame/pity! 真遗憾！ ◎in/with shame 羞愧地 【写作语料】　 ◎be ashamed of your shameful behavior为你的可耻行为感到羞愧 ◎hang one's head in shame 羞愧地低下头 ◎cover someone with shame 使某人蒙受耻辱 【语境运用】　完成句子 ①他又惭愧又害怕，不敢走进房子。 Shameful and frightened, he dared not step into the house. ②听到其他学生互相窃窃私语，乔伊斯羞红了脸。 Hearing other students whispering to each other, Joyce flushed with shame． ③她为自己在考试中作弊感到羞愧万分，眼泪顺着脸颊流了下来。[读后续写之心理描写] She felt ashamed of having cheated in the exam and tears ran down her cheeks. demanding adj.要求严格的；费力的(demand vi.& vt.强烈要求；需要 n．要求；需求) 【知识归纳】　 ◎be in (great) demand 需求量大 ◎demand (sb) to do sth 要求(某人)做某事 ◎demand that...(should) do sth 要求……做某事 【写作语料】　 ◎the demand for renewable energy sources 可再生能源的需求 ◎satisfy the growing consumer demand for quality 满足消费者对质量的日益需求 ◎finish the demanding task on time按时完成艰巨的任务 【语境运用】　单句语法填空/一句多译 ①Nowadays science graduates are in greater demand because advanced science has created more demanding (demand) jobs. ②学生们要求获得更多的资源用于他们的研究项目，他们认为这将提升他们的学习体验。 →The students demand to have more resources for their research projects, believing it will enhance their learning experience. →The students demand that they (should) have more resources for their research projects, believing it will enhance their learning experience. manner n．方式，方法；态度；(pl.)礼貌 【知识归纳】　 ◎in a/an...manner 以……的方式 ◎It's bad/good manners to do sth 做……是没有/有礼貌的 ◎table manners 餐桌礼仪 【写作语料】　 (2024·新高考卷)“Don't worry, we can figure this out，”he said in a calm manner. “别担心，我们会解决的，”他平静地说。 【语境运用】　完成语段 当你拜访一位中国朋友的时候，带个礼物是有礼貌的，比如一束花。吃饭时，你也应该注意你的餐桌礼仪。 ①It's good manners to bring a gift，such as a bunch of flowers，when you visit a Chinese friend.At dinner，you should also ②pay attention to your table manners. associate vt.联想；联系；交往 adj.副的；非正式的(associated adj.有联系的　association n．协会；关联；交往) 【知识归纳】　 ◎associate...with... 把……和……联系在一起 ◎associate with sb 与某人交往 ◎be associated with... 与……有关 ◎in association with... 与……合作；与……有关联 【写作语料】　 ◎associate with positive people和积极的人交往 ◎associate fluent English with more active practice把流利的英语和更积极的练习联系在一起 ◎be closely associated with our growth与我们的成长密切相关 ◎an associate director/editor 副导演/副主编 【语境运用】　完成句子/一句多译 ①(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)花时间在大自然中通常与改善心理健康和幸福感有关。 Spending time in nature is often associated with improving mental health and well­being. ②据报道，许多严重的健康问题与吸烟有关。 →It is reported that there are many serious health problems which are associated with smoking．(定语从句) →It is reported that there are many serious health problems associated with smoking．(分词作定语) →It is reported that there are many serious health problems in association with smoking．(介词短语作定语) delay vi.& vt.推迟；延期(做某事)；耽搁 n．延误；耽搁(的时间)；推迟 【知识归纳】　 ◎delay (doing) sth 推迟/延误(做)某事 ◎without (any) delay 马上；及时地；毫不迟疑 ◎a delay in... ……的延误/耽搁 【写作语料】　 ◎delay the process 推迟进程 ◎delay holding the meeting 推迟开会 ◎run to Sam without any delay 毫不迟疑地向萨姆跑去 ◎call an ambulance without delay 立即呼叫救护车 【语境运用】　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①What astonished me was that he delayed taking (take) immediate action and missed a precious chance. ②(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)由于大雨，美术课被推迟了，但这并没有影响我们的情绪。 Due to the heavy rain, the art class was delayed, but it didn't dampen our spirits. ③一股浓烟扑面而来，他毫不迟疑地冲出了屋子。[读后续写之动作描写] A thick cloud of smoke greeted him, so he rushed out of the house without any delay． belong vi.应在(某处)；适应(belongings n．财产；所有物) 【知识归纳】　 ◎belong to 属于；是……的成员；是……的组成部分 ◎a sense of belonging 归属感 【写作语料】　 ◎put the book where it belongs把书放回原处 ◎other people's belongings他人之物 ◎foster a sense of belonging 培养归属感 【语境运用】　完成句子 ①正是由于我慷慨善良的同学们，我才有了归属感。 It is because of my generous and kind­hearted classmates that I feel a sense of belonging． ②我是绘画俱乐部成员，我可以向他们讲述中国画绘画技巧，这能加深游客对中国文化的了解。[应用文之申请信] I belong to a painting club and I can tell them about Chinese painting techniques，which can deepen visitors' understanding of Chinese culture. approval n．赞许；同意；批准(approve vi.赞成；同意 vt.批准；认可　disapprove vi.& vt.不赞成；反对　approving adj.赞许的；许可的　approvingly adv.赞许地) 【知识归纳】　 ◎win one's approval 得到某人的批准/同意 ◎give (one's) approval to 同意；批准 ◎approve of (sb/sb's) doing sth 同意(某人)做某事 【写作语料】　 ◎meet with approval 得到赞同 ◎approve our proposal批准我们的提议 ◎persuade him to approve of my plan 说服他同意我的计划 【语境运用】　完成句子 ①(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)我的老师对我关于如何润色我的原创文章的想法表示赞同，他拍了拍我的肩膀，给了我一个赞许的微笑。 My teacher approved of/gave his approval to my idea on how to polish my original article and he patted me on the shoulder，casting an approving smile at me． ②如果您能批准我的提议，我将不胜感激。[应用文之申请信] I would be grateful if you could approve / give your approval to my proposal． for the first time 初次，第一次 【知识归纳】　 ◎in time (for/to do...) 及时(做……)；迟早；经过一段时间后；最后 ◎on time 准时；按时 ◎in no time 立即，马上 ◎at no time 决不(置于句首时，句子用部分倒装) ◎at a time 一次 ◎at one time 曾经；一度 ◎at times 有时 【写作语料】　 (2024·新高考卷)For the first time, I realized how a stranger could become a friend through a simple act of kindness.我第一次意识到，通过一个简单的善举，陌生人也可以成为朋友。 【语境运用】　用time的相关短语填空/句式升级 ①As a proverb goes，“Where there's a will，there's a way.”Our efforts will pay off in time． ②At one time，I was passionate about chasing stimulation by playing video games. ③I would put on a performance at 8 am in the city theatre for the first time and I had butterflies in my stomach. ④In my view，you should at no time lose heart whenever you are in trouble. →As far as I'm concerned，at no time should you lose heart whenever you are in trouble.(倒装) on behalf of 代表某人 【知识归纳】　 ◎on one's behalf＝represent sb 代表某人 ◎in behalf of sb/in sb's behalf 为帮助某人 ◎stand for 代表，象征 【写作语料】　 (浙江1月卷)I feel honored to be here to extend a warm welcome to you on behalf of our school. 我很荣幸能在这里代表我们学校向你们表示热烈的欢迎。 【语境运用】　一句多译 (2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)我很荣幸地代表学生会邀请你来参加我们的现场访谈节目。 ①On behalf of the Students' Union, I feel much privileged to invite you to our program for a live talk show. ②Representing the Students' Union, I feel much privileged to invite you to our program for a live talk show. Part 2　阅读词汇——善辨义 1．host A．n.主人；主办者；东道主　B．n.许多；大量　C．vt.主办；做……的东道主；主持(广播或电视节目) ①(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)Giant pandas also serve as an umbrella species (物种)，bringing protection to a host of plants and animals in the southwestern and northwestern parts of China． B ②(全国乙卷)All these stadiums are still functional, still open and still hosting the biggest events in world sport. C ③(2023·浙江1月卷)During the cookout，I told my hosts about the hummingbird incident.They promised to fix the window. A 2．raise A．vt.提高　B．vt.提出　C．vt.饲养　D．vt.筹措(金钱) ①I wonder how he actually dared to raise that ridiculous question. B ②New experiences often mean taking some risks，so your brain raises your tolerance for risk as well. A ③(浙江7月卷)Over thousands of years，they began to depend less on what could be hunted or gathered from the wild，and more on animals they had raised and crops they had sown. C ④(2022·浙江1月卷)Seeing a ray of hope，Ms Burdeyney began raising money for the project with a friend，Toronto businessman Meyer Zeifman. D 3．bend A．vt.使弯曲　B．vi.弯身；弯腰　C．vi.屈从　D．n.(道路、河流的)弯；拐角 ①He is an overbearing man and always tries to force everyone to bend to his will. C ②You have to bend your knees to sit down. A ③He went rushing toward the dog and bent down to give her a big hug. B ④Southbank, at an eastern bend in the Thames, is the center of British skateboarding, where the continuous crashing of skateboards left your head ringing. D 4．take up A．拿起 B．接受 C．开始从事 D．继续 E.占用(时间、空间等) ①This chapter takes up where the last one leaves off. D ②He took up the umbrella from the ground and left. A ③Are you going to take up the challenge of lasting a whole week without arguing？ B ④Peter will take up his post as the receiver of the travel agency at the end of next month. C ⑤(2023·浙江1月卷)But all of that growth will take up a lot of space，and though more and more people accept the concept of solar energy，few like large solar panels to be installed near them. E 巧借词根tent/tend/tens推测词义 词根tent/tend/tens(＝stretch)延伸，倾向 本单元：in­(向内)＋­tent­(延伸)＋­ion(动作、状态或结果)→向内延伸的结果→intention n．意图；目的；打算；计划 1．(2021·浙江卷)Dr.Catherine Hobaiter, who led the research, said that this was the only form of intentional communication to be recorded in the animal kingdom. ◎in­(向内)＋tent＋­ion(动作、状态或结果)＋­al(形容词后缀)→向内延伸的结果→intentional adj.有意图的，有打算的 2．(2024·浙江1月卷)She decided that she would memorize where her classes were and then pretend that the rest of the place didn't exist. ◎pre­(向前)＋tend→向前过度延伸，夸大→pretend vt.假装 3．(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that were previously unprotected，bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority to increase effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management. ex­(向外)＋tend→向外伸出去→extend vt.延展，夸张 4．This way she could extensively explore the fossil (化石) beds with the rest of her class. ◎ex­(向外)＋tend＋­ent(形容词后缀，表示性质)＋­ly(副词后缀，表示方式)→以向外延展的方式→extensively adv.广泛地 5．But leaving reforestation to Mother Nature can take decades, particularly as disastrous wildfires are increasing in frequency and intensity. ◎in­(向内，表示加强)＋tens＋­ity(名词后缀，表示性质或状态)→向内拉紧的状态→intensity n．强度 6．A group of fathers in attendance decided it was time to make their presence known on campus. ◎at­(＝to朝向)＋tend＋­ance(名词后缀，表示状态或性质)→朝向某个地方的延展→attendance n．出席 Part 3　经典句式——会表达 句式：if only后的虚拟条件句 【教材原句】　Sometimes I think，if only I could call him and ask for his opinion! 有时我(甚至)想，如果能给打电话征求他的意见就好了！ 【知识归纳】 ◎if only...“要是……就好了”，常用来表达愿望，句中谓语动词要用虚拟语气。 ◎only if意为“只要；只有”，引导条件状语从句；位于句首时，主句要用部分倒装。 【写作佳句】　 ①(2024·新高考卷)If only I had checked my wallet before leaving the airport! 如果我在离开机场之前检查一下我的钱包就好了！ ②If only I could go back to reset my goals! 要是我能回去重新制定我的目标就好了！ ③The salesgirl feels upset.If only there were more kind customers and fewer complaints. 女售货员感到不安。要是有更多善良的顾客和更少的抱怨就好了。 ④Only if you follow the doctor's advice can you recover soon. 你只有听从医生的建议，才能早日康复。 【仿写借鉴】　 ①我感到很难过，很沮丧，心里想：“现在要是有人帮帮我就好了。” I feel upset and depressed，thinking about，“If only someone helped me at the moment.” ②“要是我在课堂上不经常分心就好了。只有我全身心投入到学习中，我才能赶上我的同学。”简想到，悔恨的泪水顺着脸颊流下来。[读后续写之后悔心理描写] “If only I had not been constantly distracted in class．Only if I am devoted to my studies can I keep up with my classmates.”Jane thought，tears of regret flowing down her cheeks. 句式：find＋宾语＋宾语补足语 【教材原句】　I found it all so boring and difficult. 我觉得这些东西既无聊又难以理解。 【知识归纳】 ◎find＋宾语＋ ◎find＋it＋adj./n.＋to do (it作形式宾语，to do是真正的宾语) 【写作佳句】　 ①(2023·天津6月卷)I find the Chinese Workshop significant and meaningful because it provides an opportunity for students to learn about Chinese culture and appreciate its beauty. 我觉得中国工坊既重要又有意义，因为它为学生提供了一个了解中国文化和欣赏中国文化之美的机会。 ②The father found his children preparing a Mother's Day breakfast，so he tiptoed into the kitchen. 这位爸爸发现他的孩子们正在准备母亲节早餐，所以他踮着脚进入厨房。 ③I find it difficult to adapt to the new school life，so I sincerely ask for your generous assistance.[应用文之求助信] 我发现适应新的学校生活很难，因此我真诚地寻求您慷慨的帮助。 【仿写借鉴】　 ①(2022·全国甲卷)随着时间的推移，越来越多的人觉得海洋保护对人类来说是有益的而且是有必要的。 With time going by，more and more people find ocean conservation beneficial and necessary to human beings． ②这对双胞胎觉得为母亲做早餐很愉快。 The twins found it delightful to prepare breakfast for their mother. ③(2023·浙江1月卷)当我走近挤奶房时，我发现一只被蜘蛛网缠住的鸟，它似乎在急切地等待我的帮助。 As I approached the milking house，I found a bird caught in spiderwebs and it seemed to be desperately waiting for my help. Ⅰ.核心词汇专练——单句语法填空 1．As you said, you intend to have (have) us randomly matched in pairs.This，however, may cause problems such as language barriers, mismatched learning goals, and lack of motivation (motivate), which may reduce the effectiveness of the program. 2．I approve of your trying (try) to earn some money in your spare time. 3．Besides，he proposed the establishment of a national school system，which had a far­reaching influence on the Chinese educational (education) system. 4．When learning his friend had moved to a slightly larger house, the cyclist wandered around, depressed (depress) and full of anger. 5．With tears pouring (pour) down his cheeks, he watched the documentary film tracing the history of the ancient town. 6．We decided to delay going (go) on our holiday till next week because of the bad weather. 7．We couldn't finish the demanding (demand) task on time，which was totally beyond our reach. 8．Normally，we will defend all the things belonging (belong) to us from being taken away. 9．What impressed me most was Irish folk dances and songs, which was definitely one of the highlights (highlight) of the festival. 10．I was grateful for his timely help and expressed my gratitude to him in person. 11．A lack of evidence made it difficult for him to prove his innocence. 12．Moreover，people in remote areas have no easy access to 5G systems with the advanced technology. 13．Though we are a little upset about/by/at the unpleasant feedback，it can help us handle problems more effectively. 14．I didn't work out the maths problem on the blackboard，and I felt ashamed of it. 15．If only I hadn't ignored (not ignore) the advice that my partner offered to me! Ⅱ.阅读词汇猜词——熟词生义、派生与合成 写出黑体单词在句中的词性及汉语释义 1．Let your expertise in one field fuel your passions in all related areas.vt.增加；加强 2．(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)A dirty stream，for example，often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny creatures lived.vi.流，流动 3．(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)Although the two young women were strangers before the meet，they've since become friends.n.体育比赛，运动会 4．I wasn't sure if I could handle such a powerful car.vt.控制，操纵 5．The two countries began to discuss their tense relations.adj.紧张的 6．In a 2014 study，Elizabeth Dunn，associate professor of psychology at UBC，invited people on their way into a coffee shop.adj.副的 7．Fresh food is so scarce that prices have rocketed.vi.飞速上涨 8．(2024·新高考Ⅱ卷)She explains we are at a “tipping point”in history and must act now to prevent an extinction­level event for humanity. ◎extinction“灭绝”＋level“水平，等级”→extinction­level adj.灭绝级别的 9．(2024·新高考Ⅱ卷)It adopts a down­to­earth writing style. ◎down“向下”＋to “到”＋earth“地球，大地”→down­to­earth adj.脚踏实地的 10．(2024·新高考Ⅱ卷)Breathtaking views of the lowlands of Carlow can be enjoyed in the presence of welcoming guides from local walking clubs. ◎breath“呼吸”＋take“带走”＋­ing→breathtaking adj.令人惊叹的 (一)应用文写作 [人物介绍——值得尊敬的人] 你校正在组织英语作文比赛，请以身边值得尊敬的人为题，写一篇短文参赛。 内容包括：1．人物简介；2.尊敬的原因。 选用本单元所学知识和右栏词块翻译句子 第一段：简介值得尊敬的人 1．我们身边有很多值得尊敬的人。对我来说，我身边最值得尊敬的人是我的英语老师史密斯先生，他外向、热情、有幽默感。 There are many respectable people around us.For me, the most respectable person around me is my English teacher, Mr.Smith, who is outgoing, passionate and humorous. 第二段：说明尊敬的原因 2．我第一天上他的课时，他幽默的语言给我留下了深刻的印象。(the first day引导时间状语从句) The first day I attended his class, his humorous language made a deep impression on/upon me. 3．他经常提问许多小问题，以确保每个学生都能参与进来。(make sure后跟宾语从句) He often asked many small questions to make sure that every student could get involved. 4．他一发现有人分心，就会问他一个问题，提醒他集中注意力。(as soon as引导时间状语从句) As soon as he found someone distracted, he would ask him a question to remind him to concentrate. 5．他很少惩罚学生，但我们在他的帮助下取得了巨大的进步。(否定副词位于句首引起部分倒装) Barely did he punish students, but we made great progress with his help. 第三段：总结全文 6．要是将来我能遇到另一个像他这样的老师就好了！(if only引导的虚拟条件句) If only I could meet another teacher like him in the future！ [构建语义场——人际关系] ①be ready to help others乐于助人 ②be disappointed with sb 对某人感到失望 ③be confident of sth /in sb 对某事/某人有信心 ④be satisfied/content with 对……满意 ⑤be popular with 受……欢迎 ⑥be to blame 应受责备 ⑦be worried about 担心…… ⑧be concerned about 关心， 挂念 ⑨complain about 抱怨 ⑩communicate with 与……交流 ⑪get along/on well with 与……关系良好 ⑫help (sb) out 帮助(某人)摆脱困境 ⑬have words with...和……发生口角 ⑭have a lot in common 有许多共同之处 ⑮keep company with 和……结交 ⑯make friends with sb和某人交朋友 ⑰share feelings and ideas with 与……分享感受和观点 ⑱show respect for 尊重 ⑲think of others 为别人着想 ⑳make great progress with his help在他的帮助下取得了很大的进步 ㉑be outgoing, passionate and humorous外向、热情、幽默 ㉒make a deep impression on/upon me给我留下了深刻的印象 (二)读后续写 [人际交往话题＋情感描写之感激与感动] Ⅰ.教材语料积累 词汇 [动作描写]　host；pour；drag；access；handle；raise；highlight；flow；associate；obsess；dominate；chase；chatter；bend；complain；organise；defend [人物描写]　humour；passionate；behaviour；outgoing；sensitive；reserved；distracted；extraordinary；rude；alcoholic；unmotivated；manner；educationalist；competitor；demanding [情感描写]　ashamed；grateful；depressed；desperate；upset；sincerely 佳句 1．I remember that he let me pour some fuel into the rocket，and then another student lit a match to set it off.(动作描写) 2．The first day he walked into my class，he was dragging his schoolbag behind him and looking bored，but as soon as I set up an experiment to show how the human stomach works using acid and an onion，he gave me his full attention.(动作描写) 3．When it was charged，she just spent hours reading about her favourite pop star；not once did she lift her head to enjoy the view outside her window.(动作描写) Ⅱ.拓展语料背诵 词汇 appreciate vt.感激→appreciation n．感激　thankful adj.感激的→thankfully adv.感激地→thanks n．感激；感谢　move/touch vt.使感动→moving/touching adj.令人感动的→moved/touched adj.感动的　shed tears of gratitude 留下感激的泪水　with gratitude/appreciation 感激地 be moved/touched to tears 感动得落泪 佳句 1．A wave of warmth welled up/rose in her heart.(无灵主语句)一股暖流涌上她的心头。 2．With tears streaming down her face/With tears dropping from her eyes，she thanked him again and again with a lump in her throat.(with复合结构) 她泪流满面/热泪夺眶而出，哽咽着一遍又一遍地感谢他。 3．Deeply moved/touched/affected by what he had done，I felt tears rolling down without control.(过去分词短语作状语)他的所作所为深深打动了我，我的眼泪止不住地流下来。 4．A feeling of warmth sweeping over Peter on the cold day，he began to believe there was kindness in every corner.(独立主格) 寒冷的天气里，一股暖意朝彼得席卷而来，他开始相信人间处处有善意。 Ⅲ.语料综合运用 　　我感到沮丧和不安，低着头，拖沓着双脚走在新学校里。无法应对新的挑战，我漂浮在悲伤的海洋中。就在那个时候，我外向、体贴、热情的班长追上了我。他很有幽默感，给我讲有趣的故事以振奋我的精神。他的所作所为深深打动了我，我的眼泪止不住地流了下来。我哽咽着一次又一次地感谢他。一种温暖的感觉冲我席卷而来，我开始相信人间处处有善意。我们成了好朋友，互相安慰，互相鼓励。 　　Depressed and upset，I bent my head and dragged my feet in the new school.①Unable to handle new challenges (形容词短语作状语)，I was floating in an ocean of sadness.It was at that time that my ②outgoing，sensitive and passionate monitor caught up with me.Possessing a sense of humour，he told me funny stories to raise my spirit.③Deeply moved/touched/affected by what he had done (过去分词短语作状语)，I felt tears pouring down without control.I thanked him again and again ④with a lump in my throat (with复合结构).⑤A feeling of warmth sweeping over me (独立主格)，I began to believe there was kindness in every corner.We became good friends，comforting and encouraging each other. A卷 (时间：30分钟　满分：40分) Ⅰ.阅读理解(共11小题，每小题2.5分，共27.5分) A The All­rounder —Leave This Clever Cleaner to Vacuum and Mop the Floors, Then Wash and Dry Itself ADVANCED EFFICIENCY Combining a powerful vacuum with an advanced mopping system, all in one neat package, the Roborock Orevo MaxV makes it easier than ever to keep your floors looking and feeling their best.It effortlessly mops hard floors and removes dust, dirt, hair and other rubbish from most floor surfaces, thanks to its extreme vacuum ability and FlexiArm Design, which helps eliminate (消除) blind spots and achieve greater coverage. SELF CLEANING This hard­working robot doesn't just keep your floors clean; it also washes and dries itself to ensure it delivers the best results and creates less work for you.The mop automatically cleans itself as it works, then the Multifunctional Dock 2.0 system runs a cleaning cycle that includes emptying dust and dirt, refilling the robot's water tank, cleaning the mop with hot water and then drying it with warm air. FLEXIBLE FEATURES Say “Hello Rocky”followed by commands to get the robot to start or pause cleaning a specific area and more perfect for unexpected spills.The Roborock Qrevo MaxV also has automatic pet recognition, enabling it to move aside to avoid scaring furry friends. PURE PERFORMANCE With long­range projection for the largest of spaces, and the ability to capture and report on pollutants in real time, the robot provides a breath of fresh air.Its acoustically (声学) engineered motor is quiet to run, even at full power, and its gentle breeze mode offers an easily adjustable airflow angle for a more refreshing feel. [语篇解读]本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍的是Roborock Orevo MaxV这款全能型智能清洁机器人的特点和功能。 1．Which of the following is an appealing feature of the Clever Cleaner? A．It doesn't need any water. B．It cleverly avoids blind spots. C．It takes great effort to mop hard floors. D．It automatically prepares itself for the next task. D　[细节理解题。根据SELF CLEANING部分“The mop automatically cleans itself as it works, then the Multifunctional Dock 2.0 system runs a cleaning cycle that includes emptying dust and dirt, refilling the robot's water tank, cleaning the mop with hot water and then drying it with warm air.”可知，Clever Cleaner的一个吸引人的特点是它的自动清洁功能可以为下一个任务做准备。故选D。] 2．How can the cleaning robot get started? A．Make the sound of “Hello Rocky”． B．Put it back to the main container. C．Lay a furry friend in front of it. D．Choose a mode by pressing a button. A　[细节理解题。根据FLEXIBLE FEATURES部分“Say ‘Hello Rocky’ followed by commands to get the robot to start or pause cleaning a specific area and more perfect for unexpected spills.”可知，说“Hello Rocky”就可以让清洁机器人启动，故选A。] 3．Where is the text probably taken from? A．A science report. B．An advertising poster. C．An academic essay. D．An environmental brochure. B　[文章出处题。本文主要介绍的是Roborock Orevo MaxV这款全能型智能清洁机器人的特点和功能，因此可能来自一张广告海报。故选B。] B (2025·福州市高三年级第一次质量检测)Floating pieces of Arctic sea ice rolled into complicated patterns as ocean currents carried them south along Greenland's east coast in spring 2024.The MODIS (中分辨率成像光谱仪) on NASA's Terra satellite seized a moment of this dizzying journey on June 4，2024. Much of the ice has likely flowed a great distance to get to this point.The Fram Strait, connecting the Arctic Ocean with the Greenland Sea, serves as the primary route for sea ice out of the Arctic. Along the way, it breaks into smaller pieces and starts to melt in warmer ocean waters.“The smaller the floating ice, the more ‘wispy’ the patterns，”said Walt Meier, a sea ice scientist.The small ice pieces may only be meters across—too small to distinguish in MODIS imagery.Their gathering forms the smoke­like clouds on the water surface. As the summer wears on, ice will continue to be carried out of the Arctic.But in recent years, more of the Arctic Ocean's sea ice has become too young and thin to make the journey south, noted Angela Bliss, a sea ice scientist at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center.“Historically, when more of the Arctic sea ice would survive the summer melt season, growing thicker and older, a larger volume of sea ice would be transported through the Fram Strait，”she said. Some climate scientists are watching this decreased flow closely.The movement of sea ice and freshwater out of the Arctic is a component of ocean circulation (环流) patterns that distribute heat around the planet.The “global ocean conveyor belt”transports cold water south and warm water north, contributing to climate conditions worldwide.“Less ice and freshwater transport have big impacts on ocean productivity, as well as warming upper ocean temperatures, in the region，”said Bliss. A 2023 study looking at two decades of related observations found that the East Greenland Current is moving less sea ice through the Fram Strait, primarily due to sea ice thinning.The researchers observed that summertime surface water temperatures off Greenland have risen, in part due to the increased presence of heat­absorbing open water. [语篇解读]本文是说明文。本文以2024年6月4日美国航空航天局Terra卫星上的MODIS捕捉到北极海冰运动这件事引出近年来北极海冰运动减少这一现象，进而分析其减少的影响和原因。 4．What does the NASA image mainly show? A．The length of the coastline. B．The journey to the Arctic. C．A scene of sea ice movement. D．A pattern of the Arctic ice. C　[细节理解题。根据第一段的内容可知，2024年6月4日美国航空航天局Terra卫星上的MODIS捕捉到了一段令人眼花缭乱的行程：2024年春天，漂浮着的北极海冰随着洋流沿着格陵兰岛东海岸向南移动，翻滚成复杂的图案。“this dizzying journey”指代上文提到的北极海冰运动，所以美国航空航天局的图像主要展示了北极海冰运动，故选C。A项“海岸线的长度”；B项“前往北极的旅程”；D项“北极冰的图案”。] 5．What does the underlined “wispy”possibly mean? A．Typical. B．Delicate. C．Evident. D．Similar. B　[词义猜测题。根据下文的“Their gathering forms the smoke­like clouds on the water surface”可知，小的海冰碎片聚集在一起，在水面形成烟状的云。再结合常识可知，漂浮的海冰越小，形成的图案就越精美。delicate“微小的，精美的，小巧玲珑的”，符合文中对海冰图案的描述，故B项最接近画线词的意思。A项“典型的”；C项“明显的”；D项“相似的”。] 6．Why are climate scientists monitoring the reduced flow? A．It affects the balance of global heat. B．It encourages Arctic ocean diversity. C．It leads to the pollution of freshwater. D．It speeds up the “ocean conveyor belt”． A　[细节理解题。第五段首句讲一些气候科学家正在密切关注这种减少的流动，接着讲海冰和淡水从北极流出的运动是海洋环流模式的一个组成部分，而海洋环流模式在全球范围内分配热量，“全球海洋传送带”向南输送冷水，向北输送暖水，影响了全球气候条件。冰和淡水运输的减少对区域的海洋生产力产生了重大影响，同时也使海洋上层温度升高。由此可知，北极海冰流动的减少会影响海洋环流模式，从而影响全球热量的分配，故选A。] 7．What can we know about the changing sea ice in the last paragraph? A．Its theoretical basis. B．Its economic promise. C．Its impact on the Fram Strait. D．Its link with the climate system. D　[推理判断题。最后一段讲研究发现通过弗拉姆海峡的海冰减少，这主要是由于海冰变薄。此外，格陵兰岛夏季的地表水温已经上升，部分原因是吸收热量的公共水域增加。由此可知，海冰减少会使区域的地表水温上升，即海冰的变化与气候系统有关系，故选D。A项“它的理论基础”；B项“它的经济前景”；C项“它对弗拉姆海峡的影响”。] C (2025·南昌市高三摸底测试)A study by researchers at Nanyang Technological University, Singapore (NTU Singapore)has shown that the use of cool paint coatings in cities can help pedestrians(行人)feel up to 1．5 degrees Celsius cooler，making the urban area more comfortable for work and play. Cool paint coatings contain additives that reflect the sun's heat to reduce surface heat absorption and emission.They have been touted (吹捧) as one way to cool down the urban area and relieve the Urban Heat Island effect, a phenomenon in which urban areas experience warmer temperatures than their outlying surroundings. To date, most studies of cool paint coatings have been either simulation­based (基于模拟的) or tested in scaled­down models, and understanding of its application in real­world situations is limited.Now, NTU researchers have conducted a first­of­its­kind real­world study in the tropics—coating the roofs，walls, and road pavements of an industrial area in Singapore—to comprehensively evaluate how well cool paint coatings work in reducing city heat. By comparison with a nearby uncoated area, the team discovered that the coated environment was up to two degrees Celsius cooler in the afternoon, with pedestrian thermal comfort level improving by up to 1．5 degrees Celsius, measured by using the Universal Thermal Climate Index, a common international standard for the human outdoor temperature sensation that takes into account temperature, relative humidity, thermal radiation，and wind speed. Compared to conventional roofs, the roofs with the cool paint coating reflected 50 percent more sunlight and absorbed up to 40 percent less heat as a result, during the hottest time of a sunny day.The coated walls also prevented most of the heat from entering the industrial buildings. Lead investigator, Associate Professor Wan Man Pun at the NTU School of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering，said，“Results of the study are relevant not just for cities in Singapore where it is hot all year round, but for other urban areas around the world too.With global warming, people will increasingly look for ways to stay cool.Our study proves how cool paint coatings can be a strategy to reduce the Urban Heat Island effect in future.” [语篇解读]本文是说明文。文章介绍了研究者发现冷漆涂料能给酷热的城市降温，有效缓解城市的热岛效应。 8．What are cool paint coatings intended for? A．Beautifying public surroundings. B．Improving eco­friendly additives. C．Sheltering people from global warming. D．Bringing temperatures down in cities. D　[细节理解题。根据第二段的“They have been touted (吹捧) as one way to cool down the urban area and relieve the Urban Heat Island effect”可知，冷漆涂料旨在让城市温度降下来并缓解城市热岛效应。故选D。D项中的“Bringing temperatures down”和文中的“cool down”是同义替换。] 9．What is special about the NTU study of cool paint coatings? A．It's conducted and tested in practical life. B．Its conclusions can be applied domestically. C．It gives a full description of the paint coatings. D．It's based on the Universal Thermal Climate Index. A　[推理判断题。根据第三段的“Now，NTU researchers have conducted a first­of­its­kind real­world study...in reducing city heat”可知，南洋理工大学的研究人员在热带地区进行了第一次该类的现实世界研究——在新加坡一个工业区的屋顶、墙壁和道路路面上涂上涂料——以全面评估冷漆涂料在减少城市热量方面的效果。由此可推知，南洋理工大学已经在实际生活中对冷漆涂料进行了实践和测试。故选A。A项中的“practical life”是对文中“real­world”的同义转换。] 10．Which aspect of the research is Paragraph 4 mainly about? A．The basics. B．The findings. C．The process. D．The subjects. B　[推理判断题。根据第四段，尤其是“the team discovered that the coated environment...1．5 degrees Celsius”可知，研究小组发现，涂了冷漆涂料的环境在下午凉爽了高达2摄氏度，行人的热舒适度提高了1．5摄氏度之高。因此，本段重点围绕研究的发现而展开。故选B。] 11．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．New Paint Coatings Remove City Heat B．New Paint Coatings Cool Urban Settings C．Cool Paint Coatings: A Solution to Global Warming D．Cool Paint Coatings: No More Heat in Urban Regions B　[标题归纳题。本文的核心主题是介绍冷漆涂料在城市环境中的应用及其降温效果。A项“新型涂料涂层消除城市热量”；B项“新型涂料涂层冷却城市环境”；C项“冷漆涂料：应对全球变暖的解决方案”；D项“冷漆涂料：让城市无更多热量”。故B项作本文标题最佳。] Ⅱ.阅读七选五(共5小题，每小题2.5分，共12.5分) (2025·南京市学情调研) Always the Outsider? One of the things I used to fear was being the new girl in the office—in the kitchen making coffee while the in­crowd chatted about the weekend.I worried that I wasn't good enough or smart enough.1( ) I'd struggle for words while trying to look cool.Back at school, I was best friends with Kate and Cathy until we had to walk across the road in twos, and guess who was left out! I've always been the outsider from school days to office life.Or is that the story I have told myself? As in so many areas of life, the only thing you can control is your response.I remind myself of what Eleanor Roosevelt said：“2( )”The only person making me feel like an outsider is myself.These are the lessons I have learned along the way： ·Starting anywhere new, you just have to find your people, the ones that get you.3( ) It's OK to take your time and figure out if you're the right fit for each other.Have faith that you will find the right people for you. ·Very often it's our belief systems that tell us we don't fit in.We are replaying the stories from childhood and need to rewrite the script (剧本).4( ) When are you assuming that you'll be on your own? What fears are you projecting onto yourself? ·Practice self­acceptance.Remind yourself that it's OK to have a different way of operating in the world. ·5( ) Sometimes, interactions with random strangers can help us feel more confident in all our relationships.For example, volunteering can make us feel connected and give us a sense of belonging. A．Don't charge into friendships, though. B．Start noticing your patterns of mentalities. C．If I was asked a question, panic would set in. D．No one can make you feel lower without your agreement. E．The feeling of being an outsider would force me to shut up. F．Try doing something to take yourself out of your comfort zone. G．We all feel a little lost and awkward sometimes—you're not the only one. [语篇解读]本文是说明文。文章列举了几项避免自己成为局外人的建议。 1．C　[下文讲到“我”会努力组织语言，同时试图看起来很酷。由此可推知，此处说的是“我”被问到问题时会非常紧张与恐慌，C项符合语境。C项中的panic与空后一句中的“struggle for words while trying to look cool”呼应。故选C项。] 2．D　[空前讲到“我”记得某个人说过的话，此处应该是这个人的话且与自己的想法或反应有关；结合空后的“让我感觉到像局外人的唯一的人就是我自己”可知，此处应该讲要认识到别人不能让你成为局外人，故选D项“没有人能不经过你的同意让你觉得低人一等”。] 3．A　[根据下文“It's OK to take your time...you will find the right people for you”(可以花点时间弄清楚你们是否适合彼此。相信你会找到适合的人)可知，此处是说要花时间了解对方，不能急于建立友谊。A项“Don't charge into friendships，though”(不过，不要急于建立友谊)符合语境。其中的“friendships”与下文中的“the right fit for each other”和“the right people for you”属于同义转换。] 4．B　[空前讲我们需要重新编写剧本，空后两句“你设想一下什么时候你会独自一人？你把什么恐惧投射到自己身上？”涉及人的心态，故此处是说人们需要关注自己的心态来改变自己，所以B项“开始注意你的心态模式”符合语境。] 5．F　[下文讲到与陌生人互动可以让我们对自己的所有关系更自信，比如做志愿工作可以让我们感觉与别人相连并且能给我们一种归属感。所以该段主要讲述了要走出舒适区，接触新的事物，故F项“尝试做一些事情让自己走出舒适区”符合语境。] B卷 (时间：30分钟　满分：40分) Ⅰ.阅读理解(共4小题，每小题2.5分，共10分) (2024·湖北省2025届高三起点考试) New technologies tend to cause a cycle of concern, disorder, and conflict before eventually being accepted.Recent writings about artificial intelligence(AI)and other advances in computer science suggest that we are preparing to welcome the final stage of this latest round of invention. The Last Human Job, sociologist Allison Pugh's new book centered on care­giving and human connections in the age of automation, warns readers against unreserved acceptance of these technological advances, citing “connective labor”as valuable human work that will not be easily replaced by algorithms(算法).“Absent from discussions about AI and automation，”Pugh argues，“is the impact that these systems might have on the emotional understandings we build of ourselves and others.” Pugh sets the stage by arguing for the value of human connections and the importance of both seeing and being seen by others.“Practitioners(从业者)said they gained a sense of purpose simply from the opportunity of observing people at their most defenseless，”she observes.She then provides a summary of how care work is being increasingly automated, showing how quantification and measurement have taken over many aspects of human­facing jobs, leaving little room for doctors, teachers, and others to build connections. “When one goes to a doctor or a teacher, the encounter is full of the potential for shame, a risk that makes it all the more powerful when practitioners show empathic(同理心的)reflection，”writes Pugh.In Chapter 8, she explains how such interactions can be done right.Research conducted by herself and others identifies three key aspects supporting connective labor: “relational design，”or how people are set up to interact with one another；“connective culture，”or shared practices and beliefs that influence how people interact；and “resource distribution，”which includes time given for interaction, worker­to­client rates, and the extent of technology and data use, among other factors. Pugh concludes by arguing that we need a social movement for connections.“We need to fight for what we might call our‘social health’，”she maintains. [语篇解读]本文是一篇书评。Allison Pugh的新书The Last Human Job聚焦自动化时代的看护和人际关系，该书警告读者不要完全接受这些技术进步，引证“连接性劳动”是有价值的人类工作，不会轻易被算法取代。 1．What is the main concern of Allison Pugh's new book? A．The impact of AI on future employment. B．The approach to living and working with AI. C．The increasing role of technology in care­giving. D．The value of connective labor in the age of automation. D　[细节理解题。根据第二段的“The Last Human Job...citing ‘connective labor’as valuable human work that will not be easily replaced by algorithms(算法)”可知，Allison Pugh的新书The Last Human Job聚焦自动化时代的看护和人际关系，该书警告读者不要完全接受这些技术进步，引证“连接性劳动”是有价值的人类工作，不会轻易被算法取代。故选D。] 2．Why does the author mention“practitioners”in Paragraph 3? A．To explain how to do care work. B．To argue against the automation technology. C．To prove the significance of human connections. D．To discuss the challenges of privacy in care­giving. C　[推理判断题。第三段首句讲Pugh论证了人际关系的价值以及看见他人和被他人看见的重要性。接着作者提及了Pugh对从业者的描述，即从业者说，他们获得人生目标，仅仅是因为有机会观察人们最无助的时候。由此可推知，作者提及从业者是为了佐证第三段首句Pugh论证的观点，即人际关系的重要性，故选C。] 3．What does the underlined word “it”in Paragraph 4 refer to? A．The encounter. B．The shame. C．The risk. D．The potential. A　[代词指代题。分析句子结构可知，When引导时间状语从句，“a risk that makes it all the more powerful when practitioners show empathic(同理心的)reflection”是同位语，解释说明“the potential for shame”，其中that引导定语从句，并在从句中作主语。该定语从句修饰“a risk”，也就是修饰“the potential for shame”。结合句意可知，当一个人去看医生或老师时，这种经历充满了羞耻的可能性，即一种风险；当从业者表现出同理心时，这种风险会使这次经历变得更有效。由此可知，it在此指代上文的“the encounter”，故选A。] 4．What is Paragraph 4 mainly about? A．The overview of Chapter 8. B．The effective way to interact. C．The new trend of care­giving. D．The factors of avoiding shame. B　[段落大意题。通读第四段内容可知，第四段首句引用Pugh的描写，说明同理心在人际关系中的作用，借此引出下文对Pugh书中第八章节内容的介绍。在第八章节中，Pugh解释了如何正确地进行这样的交流，确定了支持连接性劳动的三个关键方面，即“relational design”“connective culture”和“resource distribution”。由此可知，第四段主要介绍了有效的交流方式，故选B。A项“第八章节的概述”；C项“看护的新趋势”；D项“避免羞耻的因素”。] Ⅱ.完形填空(共15小题，每小题1分，共15分) (2025·湖北八校协作高三联考)One freezing November day, I drove to the market on an icy road and found a motorcyclist lying on the ground with his bike partly under a car.I joined the crowd of people 1 him hoping to help.He was bleeding, his left ankle and leg clearly broken, and perhaps worse, he was struggling to 2 ． Then a car 3 ，and a heavy lady with a stick hopped out.She told her husband, “Get my first­aid kit and blankets.”She put 4 to work, “Direct traffic around us.”“Put out those cigarettes！”“Go to the intersection and 5 down the ambulance.”People were grateful to be 6 ． She knelt on the icy ground and 7 the motorcyclist.He was in the middle of an asthma(哮喘) 8 ，so she helped him use his inhaler(吸入器)，calmed him and gave him a sense of safety.I could see his breathing 9 ．She smiled, “I'm a nurse.I'm going to help you.” When the ambulance arrived, she handed over his 10 and offered to call the motorcyclist's wife to meet him at the hospital.I 11 ，“Your husband is OK.No, he's fine, really, but he's been in a little accident...” When we all began to leave, I saw the nurse's husband helping her 12 ，and supporting her as she 13 to walk back to her car.As he walked around to his door, I asked her husband if she was OK. “She has a spinal (脊柱的) injury and is in 14 pain, and kneeling on the cold ground is about the 15 thing for her，”he said.“She'll be in bed for a week now.” I asked why she stopped.He responded, “Well, she's a nurse.That's all.” [语篇解读]本文是记叙文。一位善良的护士不顾自身的病痛，长时间跪在冰冷的地上帮助陌生的摩托车手脱离生命危险。 1． A．supporting B．following C．cheering D．surrounding D　[根据上文可知摩托车手倒在地上，周围人在围观并希望能提供帮助，所以填surrounding “包围，围住”。support“支持，拥护”；follow“跟随，跟着”。] 2． A．breathe B．stand C．focus D．move A　[根据第三段中的“He was in the middle of an asthma(哮喘) 8 ，so she helped him use his inhaler(吸入器)”可知，伤者出现了呼吸困难。breathe“呼吸”；focus “集中(注意力、精力)于”。] 3． A．slid down B．pulled up C．set in D．drove off B　[根据下文的“and a heavy lady with a stick hopped out”可知，一辆车停了下来。slide down“向下滑动”；pull up“(车)慢慢停下”；set in“(不好的事物)到来”；drive off “驶离”。] 4． A．cyclists B．doctors C．workers D．bystanders D　[根据第一段中的“the crowd of people 1 him hoping to help”及下文的祈使句可知，她让旁观者开始工作。bystander“旁观者”。] 5． A．flag B．wave C．stop D．tail A　[根据上文的“Go to the intersection”可推知，她让人们去十字路口示意救护车停下。此处flag为熟词生义，flag sth down意为“挥旗(或挥手)示意停车”；wave “挥手，招手，摆手”；tail“尾随”。] 6． A．powerful B．unique C．useful D．proficient C　[根据上文的“hoping to help”和那位女士说的话可知，人们很感激自己有用(useful)。powerful“有权势的，有影响力的”；unique“唯一的，独一无二的”；proficient“熟练的，娴熟的”。] 7． A．persuaded B．interrupted C．assessed D．identified C　[下文讲述了摩托车手的状况，所以填assessed“评估”。persuade“说服”；interrupt“插嘴，打扰”；identify“确认，认出，鉴定”。句意：她跪在结冰的地上，评估着摩托车手(的伤情)。] 8． A．condition B．attack C．impact D．symptom B　[根据下文的“so she helped him use his inhaler (吸入器)”和常识可知，摩托车手此时哮喘病正发作。attack“(尤指突发疾病的)发作，侵袭”，符合语境。condition“状况”；impact“影响”；symptom“症状”。] 9． A．improve B．decline C．accelerate D．pause A　[根据上文那位女士帮他使用吸入器，让他镇静，给予他安全感和下文的“She smiled, ‘I'm a nurse.I'm going to help you.’”可知，摩托车手的呼吸状况应是得到了改善，所以填improve“改善”。decline“下降，衰退”；accelerate “(使)加速，加快”；pause“暂停”。] 10．A．care B．analysis C．history D．summary A　[根据上文的“When the ambulance arrived”和下文中的“offered to call the motorcyclist's wife to meet him at the hospital”可推知，救护车到了，她把照看任务移交给了救护人员，主动联系摩托车手的妻子让其去医院见摩托车手。care“照看，照顾”；analysis“分析”；summary“总结”。] 11．A．suspected B．recorded C．perceived D．overheard D　[上文讲主动给摩托车手的妻子打电话，再根据下文的说话内容可知，此处指作者无意中听到那位女士的电话内容。overhear“偶然听到，无意中听到”，符合语境。suspect“怀疑”；record“记录”；perceive“注意到，意识到，察觉到”。] 12．A．on her back B．to her feet C．down the street D．against the wall B　[根据上文中的“She knelt on the icy ground”和下文的“and supporting her as she 13 to walk back to her car”可知，此处是说丈夫扶着她站起来。句意：当我们都开始离开时，我看到护士的丈夫正在帮助她站起来，扶着她艰难地走回她的车旁。] 13．A．hesitated B．determined C．paced D．struggled D　[根据上下文可知，护士拄着拐杖下车，之后跪在地上，且她脊椎有伤，所以此处指她走路显得很艰难。hesitate“犹豫”；determine“决定，形成”；pace“在……走来走去”；struggle“挣扎，艰难地行进，吃力地进行”。] 14．A．temporary B．slight C．constant D．dynamic C　[结合常识可知，脊椎有伤会让人持续疼痛。所以填 constant“不断的”。temporary“临时的”；slight“轻微的”；dynamic“动态的”。] 15．A．easiest B．best C．worst D．safest C　[根据常识并结合选项可知，跪在冰冷的地上对脊椎有伤的她来说是最糟糕的事情。] Ⅲ.语法填空(共10个空，每空1．5分，共15分) (2025·吉林高中毕业年级第一次模拟测试) African History Africans are the most diverse people in the world.Perhaps this has a connection with the fact that they are the earliest humans, 1 it has been proved that humans adapt 2 the different environments they find themselves in over time as they migrate. Before the arrival of the Europeans, Africans had already travelled to other parts of the world in 3 (variety) “human migration”waves, and many findings give us an insight into the way of life of much earlier societies. Ancient Africans were pioneers of early civilization, 4 can be proved with the evidence that early African societies excelled in fields such as engineering, mathematics, writing and navigation. Some great African civilizations such as the Benin Empire, Ancient Egypt, had a highly 5 (organize) society, which was developed, 6 (stand) out in trade and grew stronger in culture. Sadly, Africa's 7 (contribute), which parallel global developments, are often under credited. The abundance of the rich natural resources of Africa soon led to avarice(贪婪)on the part of the Europeans, 8 (result) in a mad scramble for Africa's resources, including her people.Between 11 and 15 million, Africans 9 (ship) overseas and sold into slavery.Over the years, the wars had been a complex and complicated problem. Today, most of the conflicts have ceased.The continent is gradually taking 10 (it) place in the committee of nations. [语篇解读]本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了非洲的发展历史的相关信息。 1．and　[考查连词。分析句子结构可知，前后两个句子结构完整，且为语意上的并列关系，需用并列连词and 连接。句意：也许这与他们是最早的人类这一事实有关，而且事实已经证明，随着时间的推移，人类在迁徙过程中适应了不同的环境。] 2．to　[考查介词。adapt to是固定搭配，意思是“适应”。故填to。] 3．various/varied　[考查形容词。空处修饰名词waves，需用形容词various或 varied 作定语，表示“各种各样的”。句意：在欧洲人到来之前，非洲人已经在各种“人类迁徙”浪潮中前往世界的其他地方，许多发现让我们对更早社会的生活方式有了了解。] 4．which　[考查非限制性定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面整句话的内容，且空处在从句中作主语，需用关系代词which引导。故填which。句意：古代非洲人是早期文明的先驱，这一点可以通过早期非洲社会在诸如工程学、数学、书写和航海等领域表现出色的证据来证明。] 5．organized　[考查形容词。空处修饰名词 society，需用形容词organized作定语，表示“有组织的”。故填 organized。句意：一些伟大的非洲文明，如贝宁帝国、古埃及，拥有高度组织化的社会，这些社会高度发展，在贸易上非常突出，并且在文化上日益强大。] 6．stood　[考查动词时态。根据空前的“was”和下文的“and grew”可知，空处为并列谓语之一，句子描述的是过去发生的动作，应用一般过去时。故填stood。] 7．contributions　[考查名词复数。根据空前的“Africa's”可知，空处应用名词。又空处作主语，根据be动词are可知，主语需用名词复数。故填 contributions。句意：遗憾的是，非洲的贡献与全球的发展同时发生，却常常被低估。] 8．resulting　[考查非谓语动词。句子已有谓语动词led，空处为非谓语动词，应填现在分词resulting作结果状语，表示自然而然的结果。result in意为“导致”。故填resulting。句意：非洲丰富的自然资源很快促使了欧洲人的贪婪，导致了其对非洲资源的疯狂掠夺，包括非洲人民。] 9．were shipped　[考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。空处是句子的谓语动词，主语Africans与动词ship“运送”之间为被动关系，且此处描述过去发生的事情，需用一般过去时的被动语态；主语为复数，be动词需用were。故填were shipped。句意：1 100万至1 500万非洲人被运往海外，并被卖为奴隶。] 10．its　[考查代词。空处修饰名词place，需用形容词性物主代词its，表示“它的”。故填its。句意：这个大陆正逐渐在国际委员会中占有一席之地。] 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $