Unit 7 Grammar课件-2025-2026学年沪教牛津版（2012）英语九年级上册

The Adventures of Tom Sawyer Unit 7 Grammar Hello,boys and girls.我是广州市番禺执信中学的吴晓烁老师。 Today we're going to learn Unit7 Grammar. Please get your English book and worksheet ready. Now let's begin our class! 1 学习目标 Learning Targets Learn the basic structure of Relative clauses and its meanings. 掌握定语从句的基本结构及意义。 Learn to judge and choose the correct relative pronouns in some concrete context. 在具体语境中判断和选择正确的关系代词。 Get close to and make a better understanding of classic foreign literature. 接触与感受英美文学经典。 Our learning aims for this lesson. First,learn the basic structure of Relative clauses and its meanings. Second,learn to judge and choose the correct relative pronouns in some concrete context. Third,get close to and make a better understanding of classic foreign literature. 2 a happy boy　　 a boy who is happy Task 1: Look at the expressions below and tell the differences between them. the long fence　 the fence which is long　 1. Lead in Here I will show you two pictures. Do you still remember Tom and the fence? Yes,we know that Tom is happy and the fence is really long. I have a task for you. Look at the expressions below and tell the differences between them. Maybe some students will observe that we can use only one adjective to describe a person or thing. While we can also use a sentence to describe them. 3 Task 2 :Translate the sentences into Chinese. 1. Lead in 他知道那些没事干的男孩马上会出现并取笑他。 I’m the only person that can do it right. 我是可以做好这件事的唯一人选。 He knew the boys who were free would soon come along and make fun of him. 1 2 Well, before our class. I have asked you to find out some Relative clauses in the reading part . Here I will give you two sentences and try to translate them into Chinese. The answer of the first question is 他知道那些没事干的男孩马上会出现并取笑他。 The second one is 我是可以做好这件事的唯一人选。 Can you translate them correctly? If you can, maybe you can understand the order of the translation. If you can not do it, let’s learn the next part. 4 Painting the fence is a hard task. Tom finished the task which his aunt gave him. 形容词作定语修饰task 句子作定语修饰task 2. Grammar Discovery 1 2 Now I’ll show you two sentences.They both describe the word--task. And we can observe the underlined part . In the first sentence,we use one adjective to describe the task. But in the second one,we use a clause after the task to describe it. 5 Tom Sawyer is a smart boy. Tom Sawyer paints the fence. Tom Sawyer is a smart boy who/that paints the fence. Task 1 : Combine the two sentences. 2. Grammar Discovery In order to deepen your learning,let’s finish a task. Combine the two sentences. Tom Sawyer is a smart boy. Tom Sawyer paints the fence. We can notice that both sentences refer to Tom Sawyer. So we can combine them into one sentence: Tom Sawyer is a smart boy who/that paints the fence. 6 Tom Sawyer is a smart boy who/that paints the fence. Task2: Speak out the structure of the sentence. 2. Grammar Discovery 1 2 Tom thought of the games which/that he wanted to play. Work out the rule Relative clauses about people start with ________ or ________. Those about things start with ________ or ________. who that which that 先行词 关系代词 定语从句 After finishing this task,I suppose that most of you can understand this Relative clause. But we should know the detailed structure of Relative clauses. Now let’s speak out the structure of the sentence in Chinese. The first sentence:Tom Sawyer is a smart boy who/that paints the fence. The sentence after the word ‘boy’ is called Relative clause. This Relative clause describe the word ‘boy’,we give it a Chinese name called”先行词” After the word ’boy’ , we can notice the words ‘who/that’,we call them “关系代词” In the same way,you can try your best to speak out the structure in the second sentence. Now I will show the answers. According to these two sentences,we can work out the rule by grasping the relative pronouns. Relative clauses about people start with who or that. Those about things start with which or that. 7 Work out the rule The writer (who/that) he likes most is Mark Twain. The book (which/that) he likes most is The Adventures of Tom Sawyer. We can who , which , that in a relative clause when it is the object of the verb in the clause. leave out Task 3 : Observe the sentences. 2. Grammar Discovery 1 2 Next, let’s Observe the sentences. The writer (who/that) he likes most is Mark Twain. The book (which/that) he likes most is The Adventures of Tom Sawyer. Work out the rule: We can leave out who , which , that in a relative clause when it is the object of the verb in the clause. 8 概念： 定语从句在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的词叫做先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系代词引出。 定语从句 Next，according the grammar,let’s summarize the concept of Relative clauses。 定语从句在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的词叫做先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系代词引出。 9 Underline the relative clause in each sentence. Draw an arrow to show the person or thing that the relative clause describes. The novel which the story came from was The Adventures of Tom Sawyer. The person who wrote the novel was Mark Twain. 3. Grammar exercises 1 2 So,in order to practise what you have learnt. Here comes the Grammar exercises Boys and girls.Please underline the relative clause in each sentence. Then draw an arrow to show the person or thing that the relative clause describes. Have you finished the task?How about checking the answers together? In the first sentence,we underline the relative clause“which the story came from” ,and we all know that it describes the word---novel. In the second sentence,we underline the relative clause“who wrote the novel” , and it describes the word---person. 10 The stories that were written by Mark Twain are often humorous. Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is another famous novel which Mark Twain wrote. The only friend that Huckleberry Finn had was Tom Sawyer. 3. Grammar exercises 3 4 5 In the third sentence,we underline the relative clause“that were written by Mark Twain” , and it describes the word--- stories. In the next sentence,we underline the relative clause“which Mark Twain wrote” , and it describes the word--- novel. In the last sentence,we underline the relative clause“ that Huckleberry Finn had” , and it describes the word---friend. Now,I have another question for you. Which sentence can we leave out the relative pronouns? Yeah.Well done.They are No.1,No 4 and No 5. 11 关系代词的判断与用法: 如果先行词是指人，关系代词可用who/that。 如果先行词是指物，关系代词可用which/that。 4. Grammar rules Now,it’s time for working out some rules. The first part is about the judgment and usages of the relative pronouns. 如果先行词是指人,关系代词可用who,that. 如果先行词是指物,关系代词可用which,that. 12 确定关系代词引导的先行词在从句中的成分 先行词 在从句中作主语 在从句中作宾语 人 物 who, that which, that, 省略 which, that who, that, 省略 The second part is about capturing the sentence element of the relative pronouns in the clause. 当先行词为人的时候，且在从句中作主语，可用who或that. 在从句中作宾语，则用who，that或省略. 而当先行词为物的时候，且在从句中作主语，可用which或that. 在从句中作宾语，则用which，that或省略. 13 This is the boy ________ gave Tom a kite. This is the kite __________ Billy Fisher gave Tom. This is the boy _________ offered Tom two toy soldiers. who / that which / that / - who / that Task1:Here are some more pictures about the story on page 99. Describe the pictures by adding who, which or that. 5. Grammar exercises 1 2 3 Well,now we make sure the rules of the relative clauses. Here are some more pictures about the story on page 99. Let’s describe the pictures by adding who, which or that.   OK.Let’s have a check! Here I will show you the answers of these three sentences. Do you finish them correctly? But I want to emphasize the second sentence. We can observe that the word ‘kite’ is the object of the verb in the clause. So we can also leave out the linking word. 14 These are the toy soldiers _________ Johnny Miller gave Tom. This is the woman _________ looks after Tom. This is the fence __________ Tom’s friends painted. which / that / - who / that which / that / - 4 5 6 Next,I will show you the answers of another three questions. Try to remember that we can also leave out the linking word in question No.4 and question No.6. 15 Task2:Here is another story from The Adventures of Tom Sawyer. Read the story carefully and talk about the pictures below. Use the words from the box to help you. 5. Grammar exercises Here is another story from The Adventures of Tom Sawyer. Read the story carefully and talk about the pictures below. Use the words from the box to help you. 16 - Who’s / What’s this? - It’s … He’s / It’s the … who / which / that … 17 Tom Sawyer S1: Who’s this? S2: He’s Tom Sawyer. He’s the boy who/that was in the graveyard with Huck Finn. S2: He’s Tom Sawyer.He’s the boy who/that knew the truth. S2: He’s Tom Sawyer.He’s the boy who/that was very afraid. 1 Let’s take Picture1 as an example. Student1 will ask “Who’s this?”,student2 can say” It’s Tom Sawyer. He’s the boy who/that was in the graveyard with Huck Finn.” Boys and girls,you can find out more information in this text. So,you can have other answers like “ It’s Tom Sawyer.He’s the boy who/that knew the truth.” Or “It’s Huck Finn. He’s the boy who/that is Tom’s best friend.” 18 Huck Finn S1: Who’s this? S2: He is Huck Finn. He’s the boy who/that is Tom’s best friend. 2 Let’s move to picture2. Who’s this? Please use a Relative clause to describe it. Let’s check the answer together. Student2 can answer: He is Huck Finn. He’s the boy who/that is Tom’s best friend. 19 knife S1: What’s this? S2: It’s a knife. It’s the knife (which/that) Injun Joe put in Muff’s hand. Dr. Robinson S1: Who’s this? S2: He’s Dr Robinson. He’s the man who/that was killed. 3 4 Look at picture3.What’s this? We can learn from the text and get the answer. It’s a knife. It’s the knife (which/that) Injun Joe put in Muff’s hand.” Look at the man in picture4. Who’s this? Oh,we can know that he’s Dr Robinson. He’s the man who/that was killed. 20 Muff Potter Injun Joe S1: Who’s this? S2: He’s Muff Potter. He’s the man who/that was knocked out by the doctor. S1: Who’s this? S2: He’s Injun Joe. He’s the man who/that killed the doctor. 5 6 How about the man in picture5. Who’s this? It’s Muff Potter. He’s the man who/that was knocked out by the doctor. Let us look at the man in picture 6. It’s Injun Joe. He’s the man who/that killed the doctor. We can find out more answers to these pictures if you pay more attention to the text. You can have a try after class. 21 The concept of Relative clauses. 主句+先行词+引导词+从句 The judgement and the usages of relative pronouns. The judgement of sentence element of the relative pronouns in the clause. 6. Summary 先行词 在从句中作主语 在从句中作宾语 人 who, that who, that, 省略 物 which, that which, that, 省略 We’ve done a lot in this class. Well done, boys and girls! Let’s sum up what we have learnt in today’s class. In this lesson, we have learnt the concept of Relative clauses. The judgement of relative pronouns. The usages of relative pronouns. 22 必做题： Task1：填写正确的关系词； Task2：完成阳光学评九上Unit7 Grammar内容。 选做题： 阅读关系代词只用that的情况并填写正确关系词。 Homework for today. 必做题： Task1：填写正确的关系代词； Task2：完成阳光学评九上Unit7 Grammar内容。 选做题： 阅读关系代词只用that的情况并填写正确关系词。 23 Thank you！ 24 The Adventures of Tom Sawyer Unit 7 Grammar（答疑） Hello, boys and girls！ 现在是初三上册，第四模块，第七单元，语法课的答疑时间。同学们，你有什么疑问呢？ 25 定义： 定语从句在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的词叫做先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由引导词引出。 主句+先行词+引导词+从句 Maybe some students will not understand the concept of the Relative clauses well. Now,let’s explain it again. 关于定义： 定语从句在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的词叫做先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由引导词引出。 它的结构可简单列举为以下公式：主句+先行词+引导词+从句 26 关系代词的用法 当先行词为指人的名词或代词时， 用who（在从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略），用that（在从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略）。 The key points of this lesson are the judgement and usages of the relative pronouns. How about reviewing them together. 当先行词为指人的名词或代词时， 用who（在从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略）， 用that（在从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略）。 27 当先行词为指物的名词或代词时， 用which（在从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略）， 用that（在从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略）。 关系代词的用法 当先行词为指物的名词或代词时， 用which（在从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略）， 用that（在从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略）。 28 Δ I like football which/that is popular all over the world. Δ This is the pen (which/that) he bought yesterday. Let’s observe two sentences. The first one:Football is a game which/that is popular all over the world. 首先，我们先确定先行词为football，而当先行词为指物的名词，可用which/that,，由于其在从句中作主语，因此不可省略。 同时，我们要注意句子的中文翻译顺序，从句是对先行词作修饰，可以吧足球放到从句中，所以其中文翻译为足球是全世界流行的一项运动游戏。 Next,let’s move to the second sentence. This is the pen (which/that) he bought yesterday. 同样的道理，我们先确定先行词为pen，而当先行词为指物的名词，可用which/that,，由于其在从句中作为bought的宾语，因此可省略。那么，这个句子的中文翻译为：这是昨天他买的笔。 29 关系代词只能用that的情况 先行词是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级， 或被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰时，只能用that。 Δ He was the first person that passed the exam. By explaining these two sentences. Can you get a better understanding of the usages? Next，I will show you some special rules about the relative pronoun of “That”. Let’s have a watch! 关系代词只能用that的情况 当先行词是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级，或被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰时，只能用that。 我们看看以下例句，He was the first person that passed the exam. 由于先行词被the first修饰，所以我们的关系代词只能用that。 30 先行词为all，any，much，many，everything，anything， something，nothing，none，the one等不定代词，或被这些不定代词修饰时，只能用that。 Δ Is there anything (that) you want to buy in the shop？ 第二，当先行词为all，any，much，many，everything，anything，something，nothing，everybody/everyone，anybody/anyone，somebody/someone，nobody/no one，everywhere，anywhere，somewhere，nowhere，none，the one等不定代词，或被这些不定代词修饰时，只能用that。 例句中Is there anything (that) you want to buy in the shop？ 由于先行词为不定代词anything，所以我们的关系代词只能用that。 31 先行词被the only，the very，the same，the last， little，few等词修饰时，只能用that。 Δ This is the same bike (that) I lost. 第三，当先行词被the only，the very，the same，the last，little，few等词修饰时，只能用that。 我们观察下面这个句子This is the same bike (that) I lost. 由于先行词被the same修饰，所以我们的关系代词只能用that。 32 先行词里同时含有人和物时，只能用that。 Δ I can remember the persons and some pictures (that) I saw in the room. 第四，当先行词里同时含有人或物时，只能用that。 我们看到例句中 I can remember the persons and some pictures (that) I saw in the room. 句子中先行词包含了persons and pictures，属于同时含有人与物，因此关系代词只能用that。 以上为关系代词that的部分特殊用法，同学们在今后的阅读中可以仔细观察并加以使用。 33 which表物人用who，人物都用that来顾， who作主语很称职，指代宾语全可撤。 最后，我们利用一个简单的口诀来识记本节课关于关系代词的运用。 Which表物人用who,人物都用that来顾， Who作主语很称职，指代宾语全可撤。 34 Thank you！ $