焦点 03 阅读理解之说明文-备考2026年中考英语新课标（核心素养）同步大师课堂之题型特训面面到（江苏常州）

焦点03 阅读理解之说明文 备考2026年中考英语新课标（核心素养）同步大师课堂之题型特训面面到 【题型解析】 一、核心结论​ 2026年常州中考英语阅读理解中的说明文，将延续近年“贴近时代、注重能力、强调素养”的命题趋势，重点考查学生对科技前沿、社会热点、传统文化等主题的理解能力，以及对细节提取、逻辑推理、信息整合等高阶思维的运用。题型分布将以细节理解题为基础，推理判断题、词义猜测题、主旨大意题为核心，整体难度稳中有升，更突出对“用英语解决实际问题”的能力考查。 二、具体考情分析​ （一）主题范畴：聚焦“人与自我、人与社会、人与自然”，覆盖多元热点​ 常州中考说明文的主题始终紧扣新课标“核心素养”要求，涵盖三大范畴： 人与自我：如2025年C篇“新型心脏起搏器供电技术”（科技与健康）、2024年B篇“便携式移动冰箱”（生活与发明）； 人与社会：如2023年B篇“中国茶道”（传统文化）、2025年教研提到的“智能服装、火星探测”（科技与社会）； 人与自然：如2025年教研提到的“月球地质图集”（自然与探索）、2024年“人与动物温情互动”（生态与人文）。 预测2026年：主题将继续围绕科技发明（如人工智能、新能源）、传统文化（如非遗、民俗）、社会热点（如环保、教育）展开，且更贴近学生生活（如“校园科技节”“社区环保项目”），避免偏题、怪题。 （二）题型分布：以“细节理解”为基础，“高阶思维”为核心​ 常州中考说明文的题型结构稳定，事实性理解题（细节题）占比约40%（基础考查），推断题、词汇题、主旨题及作者意图题占比约60%（能力考查），具体如下： 细节理解题：以“what、when、where、who”等特殊疑问词提问，要求从原文中提取直接或间接信息（如2025年C篇“压电材料如何为起搏器供电”）； 推理判断题：要求根据原文信息推断隐含结论（如2024年B篇“作者对便携式冰箱的态度”）； 词义猜测题：考查生词、熟词生义或短语含义（如2025年C篇“run out of energy”的同义替换）； 主旨大意题：要求概括文章中心思想（如2023年B篇“年轻人发明便携式冰箱的意义”）。 预测2026年：题型分布不会有大变化，但推理判断题的难度会略有提升（如需要综合多段落信息推导结论），主旨大意题更注重对“文章逻辑结构”的把握（如“问题-解决型”说明文的主旨概括）。 （三）命题特点：“贴近时代、注重能力、渗透素养”​ 常州中考说明文的命题始终遵循“用英语讲好中国故事、用英语解决实际问题”的原则，具体特点如下： 贴近学生生活：主题多与学生的学习、生活相关（如2025年“公民科学项目”“钓鱼帮助孩子成长”），避免脱离实际的“高大上”话题； 紧跟时代热点：如2025年“智能服装、火星探测”（科技热点）、2024年“便携式冰箱”（生活热点）； 彰显文化自信：如2023年“中国茶道、陕西快板”（传统文化）、2025年“季札赠剑”（历史人文）； 注重能力考查：不仅考查“读懂文章”的能力，更考查“用文章信息解决问题”的能力（如2025年“阅读回答问题”题型，要求用10字以内的句子回答，注重信息的精准提取）。 （四）难度趋势：“词汇量与长难句”要求提升，“逻辑推理”更突出​ 从2023-2025年的真题来看，常州中考说明文的难度稳中有升，主要体现在： 词汇量增加：如2025年C篇“压电材料（piezoelectric materials）”“猪（pig）”等词汇，超出教材核心词汇，但通过上下文可推测； 长难句增多：如2025年C篇“实验在一只50公斤的猪身上进行，结果表明这种方法能够产生足够的电力供起搏器正常工作”（含定语从句、状语从句），需拆分主干（主谓宾）后分析修饰成分； 逻辑推理更复杂：如2024年B篇“作者为什么说‘钓鱼能让孩子忘记痛苦’”（需结合上下文的“孩子失去父亲”“钓鱼的乐趣”等信息推导）。 预测2026年：难度将继续提升，长难句解析（如多重从句、被动语态）和逻辑推理（如因果关系、对比关系）将成为主要难点，要求学生具备更强的“语篇分析能力”。 三、2026年备考建议​ （一）关注“主题语境”，积累相关词汇​ 科技类：积累“artificial intelligence（人工智能）、new energy（新能源）、piezoelectric materials（压电材料）”等词汇； 传统文化类：积累“Chinese tea ceremony（中国茶道）、Shaanxi fast board（陕西快板）、Ji Zha's gift sword（季札赠剑）”等词汇； 社会热点类：积累“environmental protection（环保）、education reform（教育改革）、community service（社区服务）”等词汇。 （二）加强“长难句解析”训练​ 学会拆分长难句的主干（主谓宾）和修饰成分（定语、状语、补语），如“2025年C篇‘The experiment was done on a 50-kilogram pig, and the results showed that this method could produce enough electricity to power the pacemaker.’”（主干：“The experiment was done; the results showed that...”）； 利用“语法书”或“长难句解析工具”（如“句解霸”）进行针对性训练。 （三）提升“逻辑推理”能力​ 学会分析文章的逻辑结构（如“问题-解决型”“现象-原因-解决方案”），如2025年C篇“问题（起搏器需要定期换电池）-解决（用压电材料供电）”； 学会利用“上下文线索”（如代词、因果连词、转折连词）推导隐含信息，如2024年B篇“‘surprisingly’暗示作者对‘孩子们的变化’感到意外”。 （四）多做“真题与模拟题”，熟悉命题规律​ 做2023-2025年常州中考真题，分析“题型分布”“主题范畴”“难度趋势”； 做“模拟题”（如“2026年常州中考英语模拟试卷”），熟悉“新题型”（如“阅读回答问题”）的答题要求（如“10字以内”“用完整句子”）。 四、总结​ 2026年常州中考英语说明文的考情，将延续“贴近时代、注重能力、渗透素养”的趋势，重点考查学生对“科技、文化、社会”等主题的理解能力，以及对“细节提取、逻辑推理、信息整合”等高阶思维的运用。考生需“关注主题、加强训练、提升能力”，才能应对2026年的中考挑战。 A The term “social phobia” (社交恐惧症) seems common these days. Young people are describing themselves as having “social phobia”. They don’t like going out much, saying that it’s hard for them to make new friends. But is this a “real” illness? In fact, this is just a feeling about certain social situations. For example, some people might be afraid of breaking some kinds of rules. So they choose to stay at home instead of going out to meet new people. But this doesn’t mean they have social phobia. “Real” social phobia, also known as social anxiety, is much more serious. People with social anxiety don’t want to go out and communicate with others. They are so afraid of doing it. They can’t communicate with others in a normal way. They can even feel sudden fear. There’s no way to predict (预知) what will cause someone to develop social anxiety, but there is something you can do if you are always worried or upset. ★Get help early. Anxiety, like many other health conditions, can be harder to treat if you wait. ★Keep a diary. Writing down your daily life can help you understand the cause of your stress and what seems to help you feel better. ★Make plans in your life. You can have less stress if you can plan your time well. Make sure that you spend time doing things you enjoy. 1．How many ways are listed here when people are always worried? A．One. B．Two. C．Three. D．Four. 2．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A．Some people choose to stay at home because they must have social phobia. B．People with social anxiety are not afraid to go out and communicate with others. C．There are many ways to know what will make someone have social anxiety. D．If someone is always worried or upset, he or she should get help early. 3．This passage is mainly about ______. A．what is social phobia and how to deal with it B．why young people choose to stay at home C．how to communicate with others in a normal way D．what will cause someone to have social anxiety 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．A 【难度】0.4 【知识点】情绪、说明文 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了社交恐惧症（social phobia）的定义、表现以及应对方法，并区分了普通社交不适与真正的社交焦虑症的区别。 1．细节理解题。根据星标部分（★）列举了三种应对焦虑的方法：根据“Get help early.”；“Keep a diary.”；“Make plans in your life.”可知，共提到三种方法。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段“there is something you can do if you are always worried or upset”（“若长期焦虑，可采取以下措施”）及第一条建议“Get help early”（“尽早求助”）对应。故选D。 3．主旨大意题。全文围绕社交恐惧症的定义（第一至三段）和应对方法（第四至六段）展开。A项“什么是社交恐惧症及如何应对”全面概括文章。故选A。 B Having a teenager at home can be a real headache. Many teenagers smoke, wear strange hairstyles and even fight. Basically, they are often taking risks. Earlier studies have shown that teenagers are more likely to make irrational decisions than people from any other age group, including children and adults. Is it that teenagers are too young to tell right from wrong?   Not really. So what’s the reason? According to Laurence, a teacher from a US university, the reason is that teenagers care a lot about how their peers (同龄人) view them—that is “peer influence”. As children enter their teenage years, they spend more time with their friends and classmates, and they also care more about what they think of them.   This makes teenagers make decisions without thinking about the costs. In a test, a group of teenagers were asked to play a video driving game. When they played with their friends watching around them, they took more chances and drove more carelessly because that would increase their possibility of winning. But when they played alone, they drove more safely.   Why do peers have such a big influence on teens’ behavior? As Laurence sees it, a teenager’s brain is like a car with a good accelerator (油门) but a weak brake (刹车). The “accelerator” is fully developed by teenage years, while the “brake” is still not fully developed. When teenagers are watched by their peers, they usually push hard on the accelerator. With their weak brake, it is likely that they are going to end up in an accident. But the good news is that a violent (暴力的) teenager doesn't necessarily become a violent adult. About two-thirds to three-quarters of violent youth grow out of it. “They get more self-controlled.” 1．What does the underlined word “irrational” in the first paragraph mean? A．Quick. B．Crazy. C．Careful. D．Correct. 2．Why are teenagers often taking risks according to the text? A．They like difficult tasks. B．They care about costs. C．They are too young to tell right from wrong. D．They care a lot about what their peers think of them. 3．According to the text, with peers around them, teenagers tend to (倾向于) . A．use more self-control B．focus more on short-term benefits C．perform better than when they are alone D．become more careful about what they do 4．What can we learn from the text? A．Peer influence is bad for teenagers. B．Teenagers are easy to have traffic accidents. C．Most of the teenagers become less violent when they grow up. D．Teenagers shouldn't spend all the free time with their friends. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．B 4．C 【难度】0.4 【知识点】青少年问题、说明文 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要从心理学和神经科学的角度分析了青少年为何更容易做出冒险行为，指出同龄人的影响和大脑发育的不平衡是主要原因，并给出了积极的展望。 1．词句猜测题。根据“Many teenagers smoke, wear strange hairstyles and even fight. Basically, they are often taking risks.”以及后文将青少年与儿童、成年人的决策进行对比，可推知“irrational”在此指“疯狂的、不理智的”。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“…the reason is that teenagers care a lot about how their peers view them—that is ‘peer influence’.”可推知，青少年冒险是因为在意同伴的看法。故选D。 3．推理判断题。根据“When they played with their friends watching around them, they took more chances and drove more carelessly because that would increase their possibility of winning.”可推知，青少年在同伴面前更关注短期利益 (如游戏获胜) 。故选B。 4．细节理解题。根据“About two-thirds to three-quarters of violent youth grow out of it. ‘They get more self-controlled.’”可推知，大多数青少年长大后暴力行为会减少。故选C。 C A town in Finland has begun using the world’s largest “sand battery (电池)” to help provide heat. The unusual way of storing energy allows the town to create heat when electricity prices are cheap, and store it for long periods of time. The heat can then be used whenever it’s needed. Pornainen is a town mainly heated through a central heating company (公司) called Loviisan Lämpö. Until recently, Pornainen’s heat came from burning oil and wood chips. Loviisan Lämpö was looking for ways to cut the pollution it created. They hired (雇用) a company called Polar Night to build the world’s largest sand battery. In 2022, Polar Night successfully built a smaller sand battery. About 43% of Finland’s energy comes from renewable sources like solar and wind power. But they only produce power part of the time. This means that sometimes there’s more energy than is needed, and sometimes, there’s not enough. The way to solve this problem is to store the energy so it can be used when it’s needed. A sand battery works because sand can be heated to very high temperatures. If well kept, sand can hold this heat for a long time. Pornainen began using the sand battery earlier this summer to warm up homes, government buildings, a library, and a school. In cold, dark winter months, the battery will cut the amount of wood burned by 60%. Mikko Paajanen, the head of Loviisan Lämpö, says, “Our goal is to stop adding new greenhouse gases to the environment by 2035, and the sand battery is an important step towards that.” Now Polar Night is also looking into ways to turn the stored heat back into electricity. 1．What can we learn about sand battery? A．It can create heat whenever it’s needed. B．It was built by Loviisan Lämpö in 2022. C．It is used to store energy for heating Pornainen. D．It caused much pollution to the environment. 2．What are Paragraphs 2 and 3 mainly about? A．Reasons for building the sand battery. B．Results of building the sand battery. C．Plans about building the sand battery. D．Difficulties in building the sand battery. 3．How did Mikko Paajanen feel about the future of the sand battery? A．Worried. B．Hopeful. C．Angry. D．Surprised. 4．What’s the main purpose of writing this passage? A．To tell us the importance of sand. B．To remind people of the energy problem. C．To introduce a new way of energy-saving. D．To advise governments to build a sand battery. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．C 【难度】0.4 【知识点】发明与创造、说明文 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了芬兰的一个小镇使用世界上最大的“沙电池”来供热，这种储能方式有助于节能和减少污染。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第1段“A town in Finland has begun using the world’s largest ‘sand battery’ to help provide heat. The unusual way of storing energy allows the town to create heat when electricity prices are cheap, and store it for long periods of time. The heat can then be used whenever it’s needed.”以及第4段“Pornainen began using the sand battery earlier this summer to warm up homes, government buildings, a library, and a school.”可知，沙电池用于储存能量为Pornainen供热。故选C。 2．主旨大意题。根据文章第2段“Loviisan Lämpö was looking for ways to cut the pollution it created. They hired (雇用) a company called Polar Night to build the world’s largest sand battery.”和第3段“About 43% of Finland’s energy comes from renewable sources...The way to solve this problem is to store the energy so it can be used when it’s needed. A sand battery works because sand can be heated to very high temperatures.”可知，这两段主要讲述了建造沙电池的原因。故选A。 3．观点态度题。根据文章第4段“Mikko Paajanen, the head of Loviisan Lämpö, says, ‘Our goal is to stop adding new greenhouse gases to the environment by 2035, and the sand battery is an important step towards that.’”可知，Mikko Paajanen对沙电池的未来充满希望。故选B。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了芬兰小镇使用沙电池这种新的节能方式。故选C。 A （2025·江苏常州·中考真题） For those whose hearts often go off beat, pacemakers (心脏起搏器) are life savers. By providing a small electrical support at the right moment, they can keep a heart working properly. Their main problem is that they use batteries. Even the best of them will run out of energy, and changing the batteries requires operations. Since operations are usually best avoided, the search has been on for long-lasting batteries. Different choices have been explored for a long time. Today, pacemakers with lithium (锂) batteries last between 5 and 15 years. Zhang Hao, from Shanghai Second Military Medical University, and Yang Bin, from Shanghai Jiao Tong University, tried a way to refill a pacemaker’s battery with electricity (电) by getting energy from inside the body. They report in the magazine ACS Nano that they have also used the heart muscle (肌肉) itself to work. Earlier efforts by other scientists to use heart muscle power to run pacemakers depend on piezoelectric materials (压电材料). These materials can be connected to a beating heart and produce electricity when they are slightly deformed (弯曲). This has worked, but not well enough: the output has rarely been over 5 microwatts (微瓦), while most pacemakers require at least ten. Dr Zhang and Dr Yang believed that they could improve matters by making their piezoelectric materials more dramatically deformed, and then produce 15 microwatts, because the more deformed, the more electricity will be produced. They put their idea to the test in a 50kg pig. It made enough electricity for the pacemaker to work as expected. Whether such an idea will pass human tests remains to be seen. But if it does, the days of pacemakers that need battery changes through operations may not last long. 1．According to the first two paragraphs, what is a problem with pacemakers? A．They often go off beat. B．Their energy can be used up. C．Operations often influence them. D．They sometimes do harm to hearts. 2．From this passage, what do we know about piezoelectric materials? A．They can be used to produce electricity. B．They can deform the heart to make it beat faster. C．They were first used by Zhang Hao and Yang Bin. D．They were proved to produce 15 microwatts in human tests. 3．What does the word “dramatically” in the 4th paragraph most probably mean? A．Comfortably. B．Safely. C．Greatly. D．Rapidly. 4．What is the best title for this article? A．No Need to Use Pacemakers B．The Problem with Piezoelectric Materials C．The Contribution of Chinese Scientists to Heart Operations D．Chinese Scientists Found a New Way to Improve Pacemakers 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．C 4．D 【难度】0.4 【知识点】科学技术、说明文 【导语】本文主要介绍中国科学家发现了一种改进心脏起搏器的新方法。 1．细节理解题。根据“Their main problem is that they use batteries. Even the best of them will run out of energy, and changing the batteries requires operations.”可知，心脏起搏器的问题是电池会耗尽电量，故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“These materials can be connected to a beating heart and produce electricity when they are slightly deformed (弯曲).”可知，这些材料在轻微弯曲时，能够与跳动的心脏相连并产生电能，所以压电材料可以被用来发电。故选A。 3．词句猜测题。根据“because the more deformed, the more electricity will be produced”可知，因为变形程度越大，产生的电量就越多；可推测出“dramatically”意为“显著地”，与“greatly”意思相近。故选C。 4．最佳标题题。本文主要介绍中国科学家发现了一种改进心脏起搏器的新方法，D选项为最佳标题。故选D。 B （2025·江苏常州·中考真题） Citizen science is when public volunteers take part in scientific projects by collecting information or monitoring (监测) possible problems and then report their findings back to research groups. This method is meaningful because it allows scientists to get lots of information and better understand animals, nature and more. As a teenager student, you can join in different kinds of such projects. Below are some great ideas you can consider. Watch frogs (青蛙) Join Frog Watch to help monitor wetland frog populations. Your efforts will help scientists check populations and detect any rare or alien kinds early. Learn more at frogwatch.next.fieldscope.org. Watch stars The online Galaxy Zoo project lets you look at space photos and put them into different groups by shape so that scientists can learn more about what is in outer space—and you don’t even need a telescope (望远镜)! Visit galaxyzoo.org to find out more. Count birds Join the Summer Bird Count from July 20 to August 10. Many citizen scientists will get together and count all the birds they see to help scientists learn more about how birds travel. Visit summerbirdcount.org to get more information. Take water samples (样本) Visit monitorwater.org to order a lesson that will teach you how to test water for pH, temperature and freshness. Enter your results on their website to help scientists better understand the state of the world’s water. 1．Why do you join a citizen science project? A．To make money. B．To become a scientist. C．To help with science research. D．To train others on scientific knowledge. 2．What should you pay attention to when you watch stars? A．Size. B．Shape. C．Number. D．Quality. 3．If you are interested in chemistry, you can visit ________. A．frogwatch.next.fieldscope.org B．galaxyzoo.org C．summerbirdcount.org D．monitorwater.org 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．D 【难度】0.4 【知识点】科学技术、说明文、意见/建议 【导语】本文就参加公民科学给出一些建议。 5．细节理解题。根据“This method is meaningful because it allows scientists to get lots of information and better understand animals, nature and more.”可知，这种方法具有重要意义，因为它能让科学家们获取大量信息，并更好地了解动物、自然等事物。故选C。 6．细节理解题。根据“The online Galaxy Zoo project lets you look at space photos and put them into different groups by shape”可知，根据形状将它们分类到不同的组别中，所以志愿者需要注意星星的形状。故选B。 7．推理判断题。根据“Visit monitorwater.org to order a lesson that will teach you how to test water for pH, temperature and freshness.”可知，如果对化学感兴趣，可以访问网站monitorwater.org。故选D。 A （2025·江苏常州·三模） While many Chinese don’t agree on what food is best, almost everyone loves hot pot. The most popular kind of hot pot is the Sichuan hot pot, with its red peppers (辣椒) and huajiao. What makes Sichuan hot pot different from other hot pots is the use of huajiao. It is said that the spicy (辣的) food helps people live through Sichuan’s hot and wet weather. The Beijing hot pot uses mutton and many of the same ingredients(食材) as the Sichuan hot pot. Since its broth (底汤) is mostly just water and has no red peppers, it is not spicy. The Northeast hot pot usually uses pork and pickled (腌制的) cabbage, while the Guangdong hot pot uses a chicken or a fish broth, and is known for its many kinds of ingredients, including seafood. Almost any kind of ingredient can be found in hot pot cooking. There are as many kinds of hot pots as there are cooks. With a hot pot, you can put in any ingredient that you like. The same pot can serve any number of different meals to the people sitting around the table. No one is left out, and everyone gets to eat as much—or as little—as they want. This shows the Chinese cultural values of openness and sharing. Finally, not only does hot pot taste wonderful, but eating hot pot is the perfect way to spend time with others. People like to joke that there is no problem that a hot pot can’t solve. The fire from a hot pot can melt (融化) any disagreement and warm any heart. Over a hot pot people can talk and share not just food, but friendship. While the food may soon be forgotten, these friendships stay with us forever. 1．What is the difference between Sichuan hot pot and other hot pots? A．The use of huajiao. B．The use of fish soup. C．The use of pickled cabbage. D．The use of mutton. 2．Why do most Chinese like hot pot according to the passage? A．Because it can be cooked easily. B．Because it can warm the stomach and the heart. C．Because it can be forgotten easily. D．Because it can help live a healthy life. 3．What Chinese cultural values does hot pot show us? A．Honesty and sharing. B．Love and responsibility. C．Bravery and openness. D．Openness and sharing. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．D 【难度】0.4 【知识点】食物、说明文 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。通过介绍中国火锅的地域特色、食用方式及文化意义，展现其作为饮食文化载体的双重价值——既是美味的食物，也是传递情感与文化的纽带。 1．细节理解题。根据“What makes Sichuan hot pot different from other hot pots is the use of huajiao.”可知，四川火锅与其他火锅的区别在于使用了花椒。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据“People like to joke that there is no problem that a hot pot can’t solve. The fire from a hot pot can melt any disagreement and warm any heart.”及全文可知，中国人喜欢火锅不仅因为其美味，更因为它能“融化分歧、温暖人心”，体现了火锅在情感层面的意义。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据“This shows the Chinese cultural values of openness and sharing.”可知，火锅体现了中国文化中“开放与分享”的价值观。故选D。 B （2025·江苏常州·三模） The United Nations (UN) has decided that 2025 is the year of glacier preservation (冰川保护). It has also set March 21, 2025, as the first annual World Day for Glaciers. This event encourages everyone to help save glaciers. ▲What are glaciers? You can imagine glaciers as slowly moving ice and snow on land. Over time, the snow adds up and turns into glacier ice. Glaciers have shaped mountains and valleys over Earth’s history. They are still moving and changing land in many places today. ▲________ Glaciers are not just necessary for the land. When glaciers melt (融化), the nutrients (养料) from the water are good for life in rivers and oceans. In some places, glaciers provide water for people and animals. The UN says there are about 200,000 glaciers in the world, covering 10 percent of the land. They also hold 70 percent of Earth’s fresh water. In areas like the Himalayas, many people need glacier water to live. This water fills big rivers, such as the Indus, Ganges and Brahmaputra. ▲Why are glaciers disappearing? Climate change is leading to serious problems for glaciers. Many glaciers have disappeared. The atmosphere (大气层) around the Earth is like the glass of a greenhouse, letting sunlight in and keeping most heat from getting out. This natural process makes Earth warm enough for life. But when we burn fuels such as wood and coal, we produce a gas called carbon dioxide (CO2). Too much of this gas pollutes the atmosphere and causes it to keep in too much heat. As the Earth’s temperature is increasing, glaciers melt faster than they can recover. ▲ The influence of glaciers disappearing If glaciers disappear, there will be less water for us to drink and farm, while floods may happen more often due to melting ice. It would also be bad for animals and plants. Mountains with glaciers are home to special ecosystems and a large number of the world’s amphibians, birds and mammals. As temperatures rise and glaciers melt, these habitats become not fit for living. They may need to move higher up the mountains. 1．What can we know about glaciers in Paragraph Two? A．They are made of icy ocean water. B．They disappear completely in summer. C．They move slowly and change the land. D．They are mainly on high mountain tops. 2．Which sentence can be put in the blank “________”? A．When do glaciers melt? B．Why are glaciers important? C．How many glaciers are there in the world? D．What will happen to glaciers in the future? 3．What will happen if glaciers disappear? A．There won’t be as many floods as before. B．Many plants and animals will be in trouble. C．There will be more drinking water available. D．The land around glaciers will be better for farming. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．B 【难度】0.4 【知识点】科普知识、环境保护、说明文 【导语】本文主要介绍了冰川的定义、重要性、消失原因及其影响，并呼吁人们保护冰川。 1．细节理解题。根据“They are still moving and changing land in many places today.”可知，冰川移动缓慢并改变了土地。故选C。 2．推理判断题。根据“Glaciers are not just necessary for the land. When glaciers melt (融化), the nutrients (养料) from the water are good for life in rivers and oceans.”可知，此处与冰川的作用和重要性有关。选项B“为什么冰川很重要？”符合语境。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据“If glaciers disappear, there will be less water for…animals and plants.”和“As temperatures rise and glaciers melt, these habitats become not fit for living.”可知，如果冰川消失，许多植物和动物将陷入困境。故选B。 C （2025·江苏常州·三模） Can a green machine help the world’s poorest kids learn better? Nick thinks so. He and his team of scientists have invented a new kind of laptop (便携式) computer for many children who live in poor area. Nick works at a university. He started a group called One Laptop Per Child (OLPC). It is a nonprofit organization for children. It isn’t to make money. It’s to help children learn well. The computers are made for school - aged children in developing countries. Many of these children live in poor areas and go to schools with outdoor classrooms. They make the laptop computers that don’t cost a lot. Then they sell the machines to countries that have many poor people. The schools then give the computers to kids for free. This means millions of poor kids can receive a laptop computer. In order to work well, the laptops have many fun points like a built - in video camera, voice recording, and games. The network lets students share information on the Web, write books, and read e - books. They can also make music and chat with friends. Another great thing is that the laptop are powered by the solar energy. So the computers have a colorful name — “The Green Machine”. Nick thinks the green machines could make a difference in the lives of millions of poor kids. He says, “Every problem you can think of — poverty (贫困的), peace, the  environment — is solved with education.” OLPC plans to give out over ten million computers in the next few years. Kids in Thailand, Nigeria, Brazil, and Argentina will get most of them. Egypt also wants to take part in the program. After that, Nick hopes to sell the computers to other poor countries. Once the kids get them, they can start studying! 1．Who are the laptop computers made for? A．Students in developing nations. B．Adults in developed countries. C．Elderly people in poor areas. D．College students around the world. 2．What does the underlined word “nonprofit” in Para2 mean? A．非智能的 B．非盈利的 C．非永久的 D．非连锁的 3．What is the purpose of OLPC? A．To make computers with new uses. B．To help children in poor areas learn well C．To encourage students to use the Internet. D．To make money by selling cheap laptops. 4．What can students use the laptops to do without network? ① Take photos. ② Record sound. ③ Play games. ④ Chat with friends. A．①② B．①②③ C．①②④ D．①②③④ 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．B 4．B 【难度】0.4 【知识点】发明与创造、说明文 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲了Nick团队发明“绿色机器”低成本笔记本，通过OLPC向发展中国家贫困儿童免费提供，助力学习，将分发超千万台。 1．细节理解题。根据“The computers are made for school-aged children in developing countries.”可知，这些笔记本电脑是为发展中国家的学龄儿童制造的。故选A。 2．词句猜测题。根据“It isn’t to make money. It’s to help children learn well.”可知，该组织不以盈利为目的，而是帮助孩子学习。由此可推测“nonprofit”意为“非盈利的”。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据“It’s to help children learn well.”并通读全文可知，OLPC的目的是帮助贫困地区的孩子更好地学习。故选B。   4．细节理解题。根据“In order to work well, the laptops have many fun points like a built-in video camera, voice recording, and games.”可知，内置的摄像头、录音功能和游戏不需要网络。故选B。 D （2025·江苏常州·三模） There are many ways to help improve your health like eating healthy food. Taking exercise and getting medical help. But the easiest and cheapest way to improve your health is just to sleep eight hours or more every night. The general sleeping rule is that the younger you are, the longer sleep you need. But regardless of (不管) age, some people need to sleep more while for some a few hours is enough. The problem with sleep is that more and more people in the world are not sleeping enough. According to the World Health Organization, over half the people in the world may be sleep-deprived. Having less sleep not only makes people feel tired but also causes accidents. In the United States alone, sleepy drivers cause at least 100,000 traffic accidents a year. Also sleep problems can cause medical problems such as high blood pressure (血压). Why are so many people sleep-deprived? Part of the reasons may be cultural. In the American culture, people put a higher value on work than on sleep. In fact, people who sleep a lot are usually seen as “lazy”. Also, you can sometimes hear some people say proudly that they don’t have much time to sleep. they only sleep four or five hours a night. It seems that the less you sleep, the more work you’ll do. How do we teach these people to learn the value of sleep? Perhaps they may listen to the advice of Dr. James Maas an expert (专家) in sleep. He says , “Sleep is like a credit (信用卡) card. When you sleep less, you are only borrowing time. You always have to pay it back. The more hours you don’t sleep, the more hours you should sleep to ‘pay back’ the hours on your ‘sleep credit card.” For those who value work more than sleep, they should listen to what a famous person once said. “Don’t think you will be doing less work because you sleep during the night. That is a foolish (愚蠢的) idea which is held by people who have no imagination. You will be able to do more.” 1．According to the writer, the easiest and cheapest way to improve health is to _________. A．eat healthy food every day B．take exercise as much as possible C．get medical help whenever necessary D．sleep eight hours or more every night 2．What does “sleep-deprived” mean in Paragraph 2? A．Having a good sleep. B．Excited about sleep. C．Having less sleep. D．Interested in sleep. 3．According to Dr. James Maas, what is sleep like? A．An hour. B．A report. C．A credit card. D．A piece of paper. 4．What do the words of the famous person mean in Paragraph 5? A．Sleeping during the night is foolish. B．Sleeping during the night is helpful. C．People have no courage. D．People always do less work. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．C 4．B 【难度】0.4 【知识点】科普知识、说明文 【导语】本文探讨了睡眠对健康的重要性，指出尽管有多种改善健康的方法，但每晚保证八小时或更多的睡眠是最简单、最便宜的方式。 1．细节理解题。根据“But the easiest and cheapest way to improve your health is just to sleep eight hours or more every night.”可知，作者认为最简单和最便宜的改善健康的方法是每晚睡8小时或更多。故选D。 2．词句猜测题。根据“The problem with sleep is that more and more people in the world are not sleeping enough. According to the World Health Organization, over half the people in the world may be sleep-deprived.”可知，世界上越来越多的人睡眠不足。根据世界卫生组织的数据，世界上超过一半的人可能睡眠不足，所以划线词指“睡眠不足”，即“Having less sleep”。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据“Sleep is like a credit (信用卡) card.”可知，Dr. James Maas认为睡眠就像一张信用卡。故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据“Don’t think you will be doing less work because you sleep during the night. That is a foolish (愚蠢的) idea which is held by people who have no imagination. You will be able to do more.”可知，不要因为晚上睡觉就认为自己会做得更少，这是一种愚蠢的想法，只有没有想象力的人才会这么想。你将会做得更多。这段话表明晚上睡觉是有益的，不要因为睡觉就认为自己会少做工作。故选B。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 焦点03 阅读理解之说明文 备考2026年中考英语新课标（核心素养）同步大师课堂之题型特训面面到 【题型解析】 一、核心结论​ 2026年常州中考英语阅读理解中的说明文，将延续近年“贴近时代、注重能力、强调素养”的命题趋势，重点考查学生对科技前沿、社会热点、传统文化等主题的理解能力，以及对细节提取、逻辑推理、信息整合等高阶思维的运用。题型分布将以细节理解题为基础，推理判断题、词义猜测题、主旨大意题为核心，整体难度稳中有升，更突出对“用英语解决实际问题”的能力考查。 二、具体考情分析​ （一）主题范畴：聚焦“人与自我、人与社会、人与自然”，覆盖多元热点​ 常州中考说明文的主题始终紧扣新课标“核心素养”要求，涵盖三大范畴： 人与自我：如2025年C篇“新型心脏起搏器供电技术”（科技与健康）、2024年B篇“便携式移动冰箱”（生活与发明）； 人与社会：如2023年B篇“中国茶道”（传统文化）、2025年教研提到的“智能服装、火星探测”（科技与社会）； 人与自然：如2025年教研提到的“月球地质图集”（自然与探索）、2024年“人与动物温情互动”（生态与人文）。 预测2026年：主题将继续围绕科技发明（如人工智能、新能源）、传统文化（如非遗、民俗）、社会热点（如环保、教育）展开，且更贴近学生生活（如“校园科技节”“社区环保项目”），避免偏题、怪题。 （二）题型分布：以“细节理解”为基础，“高阶思维”为核心​ 常州中考说明文的题型结构稳定，事实性理解题（细节题）占比约40%（基础考查），推断题、词汇题、主旨题及作者意图题占比约60%（能力考查），具体如下： 细节理解题：以“what、when、where、who”等特殊疑问词提问，要求从原文中提取直接或间接信息（如2025年C篇“压电材料如何为起搏器供电”）； 推理判断题：要求根据原文信息推断隐含结论（如2024年B篇“作者对便携式冰箱的态度”）； 词义猜测题：考查生词、熟词生义或短语含义（如2025年C篇“run out of energy”的同义替换）； 主旨大意题：要求概括文章中心思想（如2023年B篇“年轻人发明便携式冰箱的意义”）。 预测2026年：题型分布不会有大变化，但推理判断题的难度会略有提升（如需要综合多段落信息推导结论），主旨大意题更注重对“文章逻辑结构”的把握（如“问题-解决型”说明文的主旨概括）。 （三）命题特点：“贴近时代、注重能力、渗透素养”​ 常州中考说明文的命题始终遵循“用英语讲好中国故事、用英语解决实际问题”的原则，具体特点如下： 贴近学生生活：主题多与学生的学习、生活相关（如2025年“公民科学项目”“钓鱼帮助孩子成长”），避免脱离实际的“高大上”话题； 紧跟时代热点：如2025年“智能服装、火星探测”（科技热点）、2024年“便携式冰箱”（生活热点）； 彰显文化自信：如2023年“中国茶道、陕西快板”（传统文化）、2025年“季札赠剑”（历史人文）； 注重能力考查：不仅考查“读懂文章”的能力，更考查“用文章信息解决问题”的能力（如2025年“阅读回答问题”题型，要求用10字以内的句子回答，注重信息的精准提取）。 （四）难度趋势：“词汇量与长难句”要求提升，“逻辑推理”更突出​ 从2023-2025年的真题来看，常州中考说明文的难度稳中有升，主要体现在： 词汇量增加：如2025年C篇“压电材料（piezoelectric materials）”“猪（pig）”等词汇，超出教材核心词汇，但通过上下文可推测； 长难句增多：如2025年C篇“实验在一只50公斤的猪身上进行，结果表明这种方法能够产生足够的电力供起搏器正常工作”（含定语从句、状语从句），需拆分主干（主谓宾）后分析修饰成分； 逻辑推理更复杂：如2024年B篇“作者为什么说‘钓鱼能让孩子忘记痛苦’”（需结合上下文的“孩子失去父亲”“钓鱼的乐趣”等信息推导）。 预测2026年：难度将继续提升，长难句解析（如多重从句、被动语态）和逻辑推理（如因果关系、对比关系）将成为主要难点，要求学生具备更强的“语篇分析能力”。 三、2026年备考建议​ （一）关注“主题语境”，积累相关词汇​ 科技类：积累“artificial intelligence（人工智能）、new energy（新能源）、piezoelectric materials（压电材料）”等词汇； 传统文化类：积累“Chinese tea ceremony（中国茶道）、Shaanxi fast board（陕西快板）、Ji Zha's gift sword（季札赠剑）”等词汇； 社会热点类：积累“environmental protection（环保）、education reform（教育改革）、community service（社区服务）”等词汇。 （二）加强“长难句解析”训练​ 学会拆分长难句的主干（主谓宾）和修饰成分（定语、状语、补语），如“2025年C篇‘The experiment was done on a 50-kilogram pig, and the results showed that this method could produce enough electricity to power the pacemaker.’”（主干：“The experiment was done; the results showed that...”）； 利用“语法书”或“长难句解析工具”（如“句解霸”）进行针对性训练。 （三）提升“逻辑推理”能力​ 学会分析文章的逻辑结构（如“问题-解决型”“现象-原因-解决方案”），如2025年C篇“问题（起搏器需要定期换电池）-解决（用压电材料供电）”； 学会利用“上下文线索”（如代词、因果连词、转折连词）推导隐含信息，如2024年B篇“‘surprisingly’暗示作者对‘孩子们的变化’感到意外”。 （四）多做“真题与模拟题”，熟悉命题规律​ 做2023-2025年常州中考真题，分析“题型分布”“主题范畴”“难度趋势”； 做“模拟题”（如“2026年常州中考英语模拟试卷”），熟悉“新题型”（如“阅读回答问题”）的答题要求（如“10字以内”“用完整句子”）。 四、总结​ 2026年常州中考英语说明文的考情，将延续“贴近时代、注重能力、渗透素养”的趋势，重点考查学生对“科技、文化、社会”等主题的理解能力，以及对“细节提取、逻辑推理、信息整合”等高阶思维的运用。考生需“关注主题、加强训练、提升能力”，才能应对2026年的中考挑战。 A The term “social phobia” (社交恐惧症) seems common these days. Young people are describing themselves as having “social phobia”. They don’t like going out much, saying that it’s hard for them to make new friends. But is this a “real” illness? In fact, this is just a feeling about certain social situations. For example, some people might be afraid of breaking some kinds of rules. So they choose to stay at home instead of going out to meet new people. But this doesn’t mean they have social phobia. “Real” social phobia, also known as social anxiety, is much more serious. People with social anxiety don’t want to go out and communicate with others. They are so afraid of doing it. They can’t communicate with others in a normal way. They can even feel sudden fear. There’s no way to predict (预知) what will cause someone to develop social anxiety, but there is something you can do if you are always worried or upset. ★Get help early. Anxiety, like many other health conditions, can be harder to treat if you wait. ★Keep a diary. Writing down your daily life can help you understand the cause of your stress and what seems to help you feel better. ★Make plans in your life. You can have less stress if you can plan your time well. Make sure that you spend time doing things you enjoy. 1．How many ways are listed here when people are always worried? A．One. B．Two. C．Three. D．Four. 2．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A．Some people choose to stay at home because they must have social phobia. B．People with social anxiety are not afraid to go out and communicate with others. C．There are many ways to know what will make someone have social anxiety. D．If someone is always worried or upset, he or she should get help early. 3．This passage is mainly about ______. A．what is social phobia and how to deal with it B．why young people choose to stay at home C．how to communicate with others in a normal way D．what will cause someone to have social anxiety B Having a teenager at home can be a real headache. Many teenagers smoke, wear strange hairstyles and even fight. Basically, they are often taking risks. Earlier studies have shown that teenagers are more likely to make irrational decisions than people from any other age group, including children and adults. Is it that teenagers are too young to tell right from wrong?   Not really. So what’s the reason? According to Laurence, a teacher from a US university, the reason is that teenagers care a lot about how their peers (同龄人) view them—that is “peer influence”. As children enter their teenage years, they spend more time with their friends and classmates, and they also care more about what they think of them.   This makes teenagers make decisions without thinking about the costs. In a test, a group of teenagers were asked to play a video driving game. When they played with their friends watching around them, they took more chances and drove more carelessly because that would increase their possibility of winning. But when they played alone, they drove more safely.   Why do peers have such a big influence on teens’ behavior? As Laurence sees it, a teenager’s brain is like a car with a good accelerator (油门) but a weak brake (刹车). The “accelerator” is fully developed by teenage years, while the “brake” is still not fully developed. When teenagers are watched by their peers, they usually push hard on the accelerator. With their weak brake, it is likely that they are going to end up in an accident. But the good news is that a violent (暴力的) teenager doesn't necessarily become a violent adult. About two-thirds to three-quarters of violent youth grow out of it. “They get more self-controlled.” 1．What does the underlined word “irrational” in the first paragraph mean? A．Quick. B．Crazy. C．Careful. D．Correct. 2．Why are teenagers often taking risks according to the text? A．They like difficult tasks. B．They care about costs. C．They are too young to tell right from wrong. D．They care a lot about what their peers think of them. 3．According to the text, with peers around them, teenagers tend to (倾向于) . A．use more self-control B．focus more on short-term benefits C．perform better than when they are alone D．become more careful about what they do 4．What can we learn from the text? A．Peer influence is bad for teenagers. B．Teenagers are easy to have traffic accidents. C．Most of the teenagers become less violent when they grow up. D．Teenagers shouldn't spend all the free time with their friends. C A town in Finland has begun using the world’s largest “sand battery (电池)” to help provide heat. The unusual way of storing energy allows the town to create heat when electricity prices are cheap, and store it for long periods of time. The heat can then be used whenever it’s needed. Pornainen is a town mainly heated through a central heating company (公司) called Loviisan Lämpö. Until recently, Pornainen’s heat came from burning oil and wood chips. Loviisan Lämpö was looking for ways to cut the pollution it created. They hired (雇用) a company called Polar Night to build the world’s largest sand battery. In 2022, Polar Night successfully built a smaller sand battery. About 43% of Finland’s energy comes from renewable sources like solar and wind power. But they only produce power part of the time. This means that sometimes there’s more energy than is needed, and sometimes, there’s not enough. The way to solve this problem is to store the energy so it can be used when it’s needed. A sand battery works because sand can be heated to very high temperatures. If well kept, sand can hold this heat for a long time. Pornainen began using the sand battery earlier this summer to warm up homes, government buildings, a library, and a school. In cold, dark winter months, the battery will cut the amount of wood burned by 60%. Mikko Paajanen, the head of Loviisan Lämpö, says, “Our goal is to stop adding new greenhouse gases to the environment by 2035, and the sand battery is an important step towards that.” Now Polar Night is also looking into ways to turn the stored heat back into electricity. 1．What can we learn about sand battery? A．It can create heat whenever it’s needed. B．It was built by Loviisan Lämpö in 2022. C．It is used to store energy for heating Pornainen. D．It caused much pollution to the environment. 2．What are Paragraphs 2 and 3 mainly about? A．Reasons for building the sand battery. B．Results of building the sand battery. C．Plans about building the sand battery. D．Difficulties in building the sand battery. 3．How did Mikko Paajanen feel about the future of the sand battery? A．Worried. B．Hopeful. C．Angry. D．Surprised. 4．What’s the main purpose of writing this passage? A．To tell us the importance of sand. B．To remind people of the energy problem. C．To introduce a new way of energy-saving. D．To advise governments to build a sand battery. A （2025·江苏常州·中考真题） For those whose hearts often go off beat, pacemakers (心脏起搏器) are life savers. By providing a small electrical support at the right moment, they can keep a heart working properly. Their main problem is that they use batteries. Even the best of them will run out of energy, and changing the batteries requires operations. Since operations are usually best avoided, the search has been on for long-lasting batteries. Different choices have been explored for a long time. Today, pacemakers with lithium (锂) batteries last between 5 and 15 years. Zhang Hao, from Shanghai Second Military Medical University, and Yang Bin, from Shanghai Jiao Tong University, tried a way to refill a pacemaker’s battery with electricity (电) by getting energy from inside the body. They report in the magazine ACS Nano that they have also used the heart muscle (肌肉) itself to work. Earlier efforts by other scientists to use heart muscle power to run pacemakers depend on piezoelectric materials (压电材料). These materials can be connected to a beating heart and produce electricity when they are slightly deformed (弯曲). This has worked, but not well enough: the output has rarely been over 5 microwatts (微瓦), while most pacemakers require at least ten. Dr Zhang and Dr Yang believed that they could improve matters by making their piezoelectric materials more dramatically deformed, and then produce 15 microwatts, because the more deformed, the more electricity will be produced. They put their idea to the test in a 50kg pig. It made enough electricity for the pacemaker to work as expected. Whether such an idea will pass human tests remains to be seen. But if it does, the days of pacemakers that need battery changes through operations may not last long. 1．According to the first two paragraphs, what is a problem with pacemakers? A．They often go off beat. B．Their energy can be used up. C．Operations often influence them. D．They sometimes do harm to hearts. 2．From this passage, what do we know about piezoelectric materials? A．They can be used to produce electricity. B．They can deform the heart to make it beat faster. C．They were first used by Zhang Hao and Yang Bin. D．They were proved to produce 15 microwatts in human tests. 3．What does the word “dramatically” in the 4th paragraph most probably mean? A．Comfortably. B．Safely. C．Greatly. D．Rapidly. 4．What is the best title for this article? A．No Need to Use Pacemakers B．The Problem with Piezoelectric Materials C．The Contribution of Chinese Scientists to Heart Operations D．Chinese Scientists Found a New Way to Improve Pacemakers B （2025·江苏常州·中考真题） Citizen science is when public volunteers take part in scientific projects by collecting information or monitoring (监测) possible problems and then report their findings back to research groups. This method is meaningful because it allows scientists to get lots of information and better understand animals, nature and more. As a teenager student, you can join in different kinds of such projects. Below are some great ideas you can consider. Watch frogs (青蛙) Join Frog Watch to help monitor wetland frog populations. Your efforts will help scientists check populations and detect any rare or alien kinds early. Learn more at frogwatch.next.fieldscope.org. Watch stars The online Galaxy Zoo project lets you look at space photos and put them into different groups by shape so that scientists can learn more about what is in outer space—and you don’t even need a telescope (望远镜)! Visit galaxyzoo.org to find out more. Count birds Join the Summer Bird Count from July 20 to August 10. Many citizen scientists will get together and count all the birds they see to help scientists learn more about how birds travel. Visit summerbirdcount.org to get more information. Take water samples (样本) Visit monitorwater.org to order a lesson that will teach you how to test water for pH, temperature and freshness. Enter your results on their website to help scientists better understand the state of the world’s water. 1．Why do you join a citizen science project? A．To make money. B．To become a scientist. C．To help with science research. D．To train others on scientific knowledge. 2．What should you pay attention to when you watch stars? A．Size. B．Shape. C．Number. D．Quality. 3．If you are interested in chemistry, you can visit ________. A．frogwatch.next.fieldscope.org B．galaxyzoo.org C．summerbirdcount.org D．monitorwater.org A （2025·江苏常州·三模） While many Chinese don’t agree on what food is best, almost everyone loves hot pot. The most popular kind of hot pot is the Sichuan hot pot, with its red peppers (辣椒) and huajiao. What makes Sichuan hot pot different from other hot pots is the use of huajiao. It is said that the spicy (辣的) food helps people live through Sichuan’s hot and wet weather. The Beijing hot pot uses mutton and many of the same ingredients(食材) as the Sichuan hot pot. Since its broth (底汤) is mostly just water and has no red peppers, it is not spicy. The Northeast hot pot usually uses pork and pickled (腌制的) cabbage, while the Guangdong hot pot uses a chicken or a fish broth, and is known for its many kinds of ingredients, including seafood. Almost any kind of ingredient can be found in hot pot cooking. There are as many kinds of hot pots as there are cooks. With a hot pot, you can put in any ingredient that you like. The same pot can serve any number of different meals to the people sitting around the table. No one is left out, and everyone gets to eat as much—or as little—as they want. This shows the Chinese cultural values of openness and sharing. Finally, not only does hot pot taste wonderful, but eating hot pot is the perfect way to spend time with others. People like to joke that there is no problem that a hot pot can’t solve. The fire from a hot pot can melt (融化) any disagreement and warm any heart. Over a hot pot people can talk and share not just food, but friendship. While the food may soon be forgotten, these friendships stay with us forever. 1．What is the difference between Sichuan hot pot and other hot pots? A．The use of huajiao. B．The use of fish soup. C．The use of pickled cabbage. D．The use of mutton. 2．Why do most Chinese like hot pot according to the passage? A．Because it can be cooked easily. B．Because it can warm the stomach and the heart. C．Because it can be forgotten easily. D．Because it can help live a healthy life. 3．What Chinese cultural values does hot pot show us? A．Honesty and sharing. B．Love and responsibility. C．Bravery and openness. D．Openness and sharing. B （2025·江苏常州·三模） The United Nations (UN) has decided that 2025 is the year of glacier preservation (冰川保护). It has also set March 21, 2025, as the first annual World Day for Glaciers. This event encourages everyone to help save glaciers. ▲What are glaciers? You can imagine glaciers as slowly moving ice and snow on land. Over time, the snow adds up and turns into glacier ice. Glaciers have shaped mountains and valleys over Earth’s history. They are still moving and changing land in many places today. ▲________ Glaciers are not just necessary for the land. When glaciers melt (融化), the nutrients (养料) from the water are good for life in rivers and oceans. In some places, glaciers provide water for people and animals. The UN says there are about 200,000 glaciers in the world, covering 10 percent of the land. They also hold 70 percent of Earth’s fresh water. In areas like the Himalayas, many people need glacier water to live. This water fills big rivers, such as the Indus, Ganges and Brahmaputra. ▲Why are glaciers disappearing? Climate change is leading to serious problems for glaciers. Many glaciers have disappeared. The atmosphere (大气层) around the Earth is like the glass of a greenhouse, letting sunlight in and keeping most heat from getting out. This natural process makes Earth warm enough for life. But when we burn fuels such as wood and coal, we produce a gas called carbon dioxide (CO2). Too much of this gas pollutes the atmosphere and causes it to keep in too much heat. As the Earth’s temperature is increasing, glaciers melt faster than they can recover. ▲ The influence of glaciers disappearing If glaciers disappear, there will be less water for us to drink and farm, while floods may happen more often due to melting ice. It would also be bad for animals and plants. Mountains with glaciers are home to special ecosystems and a large number of the world’s amphibians, birds and mammals. As temperatures rise and glaciers melt, these habitats become not fit for living. They may need to move higher up the mountains. 1．What can we know about glaciers in Paragraph Two? A．They are made of icy ocean water. B．They disappear completely in summer. C．They move slowly and change the land. D．They are mainly on high mountain tops. 2．Which sentence can be put in the blank “________”? A．When do glaciers melt? B．Why are glaciers important? C．How many glaciers are there in the world? D．What will happen to glaciers in the future? 3．What will happen if glaciers disappear? A．There won’t be as many floods as before. B．Many plants and animals will be in trouble. C．There will be more drinking water available. D．The land around glaciers will be better for farming. C （2025·江苏常州·三模） Can a green machine help the world’s poorest kids learn better? Nick thinks so. He and his team of scientists have invented a new kind of laptop (便携式) computer for many children who live in poor area. Nick works at a university. He started a group called One Laptop Per Child (OLPC). It is a nonprofit organization for children. It isn’t to make money. It’s to help children learn well. The computers are made for school - aged children in developing countries. Many of these children live in poor areas and go to schools with outdoor classrooms. They make the laptop computers that don’t cost a lot. Then they sell the machines to countries that have many poor people. The schools then give the computers to kids for free. This means millions of poor kids can receive a laptop computer. In order to work well, the laptops have many fun points like a built - in video camera, voice recording, and games. The network lets students share information on the Web, write books, and read e - books. They can also make music and chat with friends. Another great thing is that the laptop are powered by the solar energy. So the computers have a colorful name — “The Green Machine”. Nick thinks the green machines could make a difference in the lives of millions of poor kids. He says, “Every problem you can think of — poverty (贫困的), peace, the  environment — is solved with education.” OLPC plans to give out over ten million computers in the next few years. Kids in Thailand, Nigeria, Brazil, and Argentina will get most of them. Egypt also wants to take part in the program. After that, Nick hopes to sell the computers to other poor countries. Once the kids get them, they can start studying! 1．Who are the laptop computers made for? A．Students in developing nations. B．Adults in developed countries. C．Elderly people in poor areas. D．College students around the world. 2．What does the underlined word “nonprofit” in Para2 mean? A．非智能的 B．非盈利的 C．非永久的 D．非连锁的 3．What is the purpose of OLPC? A．To make computers with new uses. B．To help children in poor areas learn well C．To encourage students to use the Internet. D．To make money by selling cheap laptops. 4．What can students use the laptops to do without network? ① Take photos. ② Record sound. ③ Play games. ④ Chat with friends. A．①② B．①②③ C．①②④ D．①②③④ D （2025·江苏常州·三模） There are many ways to help improve your health like eating healthy food. Taking exercise and getting medical help. But the easiest and cheapest way to improve your health is just to sleep eight hours or more every night. The general sleeping rule is that the younger you are, the longer sleep you need. But regardless of (不管) age, some people need to sleep more while for some a few hours is enough. The problem with sleep is that more and more people in the world are not sleeping enough. According to the World Health Organization, over half the people in the world may be sleep-deprived. Having less sleep not only makes people feel tired but also causes accidents. In the United States alone, sleepy drivers cause at least 100,000 traffic accidents a year. Also sleep problems can cause medical problems such as high blood pressure (血压). Why are so many people sleep-deprived? Part of the reasons may be cultural. In the American culture, people put a higher value on work than on sleep. In fact, people who sleep a lot are usually seen as “lazy”. Also, you can sometimes hear some people say proudly that they don’t have much time to sleep. they only sleep four or five hours a night. It seems that the less you sleep, the more work you’ll do. How do we teach these people to learn the value of sleep? Perhaps they may listen to the advice of Dr. James Maas an expert (专家) in sleep. He says , “Sleep is like a credit (信用卡) card. When you sleep less, you are only borrowing time. You always have to pay it back. The more hours you don’t sleep, the more hours you should sleep to ‘pay back’ the hours on your ‘sleep credit card.” For those who value work more than sleep, they should listen to what a famous person once said. “Don’t think you will be doing less work because you sleep during the night. That is a foolish (愚蠢的) idea which is held by people who have no imagination. You will be able to do more.” 1．According to the writer, the easiest and cheapest way to improve health is to _________. A．eat healthy food every day B．take exercise as much as possible C．get medical help whenever necessary D．sleep eight hours or more every night 2．What does “sleep-deprived” mean in Paragraph 2? A．Having a good sleep. B．Excited about sleep. C．Having less sleep. D．Interested in sleep. 3．According to Dr. James Maas, what is sleep like? A．An hour. B．A report. C．A credit card. D．A piece of paper. 4．What do the words of the famous person mean in Paragraph 5? A．Sleeping during the night is foolish. B．Sleeping during the night is helpful. C．People have no courage. D．People always do less work. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $