Unit 4 Topic 1 (核心必背知识清单）-2025-2026学年九年级英语上册单元复习与检测（仁爱科普版）

该初中英语Unit 4 Topic 1知识清单系统整合了发明与科技主题的核心词汇、短语、功能句、被动语态语法及书面表达等内容，通过“词汇分类梳理-句型情境应用-语法系统讲解-综合能力训练”的递进式架构，为学生搭建从基础积累到综合运用的学习支架。 清单特色在于词汇按主题分类并标注页码，功能句设计9大情景对话培养语言能力，语法部分结合语境逻辑问答深化理解。书面表达提供模板，综合训练覆盖单选、完形等题型，助力学生提升思维品质与学习能力，教师可直接用于课堂教学与分层辅导，提升教学效率。

七年级英语 Unit 4 Fun in the Sun 九年级英语 Unit 4 Topic 1 Unit 4 Topic 1 一、重难点核心词汇梳理 单词 音标 中文 页码 发明与科技类 /ˈrɒkɪt/ n. 火箭 81 /ˈsætəlaɪt/ n. 卫星 81 /ˈspeɪsʃɪp/ n. 宇宙飞船 81 /ɪnˈvenʃn/ n. 发明，创造 85 /ˈlæptɒp/ n. 手提电脑 82 /ˈdɪdʒɪtl/ adj. 数码的，数字的 82 /bʌlb/ n. 电灯泡 83 /ˈeəpleɪn/ n. 飞机 83 /ˈrəʊbɒt/ n. 机器人 86 /ˈkiːbɔːd/ n. 键盘 86 /ˈsɪstəm/ n. 体系，系统 88 /ɪkˈsplɔːrə(r)/ n. 探险者，勘探者 87 材料与物品类 /ˈmetl/ n. 金属 81 /lɒk/ n. 锁；v. 锁住 82 /ˈkreɪən/ n. 彩色铅笔（蜡笔） 85 /bəˈluːn/ n. 气球 86 /ɡʌn/ n. 枪，炮 86 /mɑːk/ n. 标示，记号；v. 做标记 87 过程与方法类 /ˈprəʊses/ n. 步骤，过程 85 /θɔːt/ n. 想法，主意 85 /ɪˌmædʒɪˈneɪʃn/ n. 想象力 86 /ˈbreɪnstɔːm/ v. 集思广益，动脑筋 85 /ɪˈvæljueɪt/ v. 评估，评价 85 /dɪˈteɪld/ adj. 详细的 85 /ˌriːdɪˈzaɪn/ v. 重新设计 85 其他核心词 /ˈsɪli/ adj. 愚蠢的，傻的 85 /ˌdɪsədˈvɑːntɪdʒ/ n. 不利因素，障碍 88 /ˌmænˈmeɪd/ adj. 人造的，非天然的 88 /ˌhɑːdˈweərɪŋ/ adj. 耐磨的 84 /lɪst/ v. 列清单；n. 名单 85 二、词汇运用检测 1.The __________________/ˈrɒkɪt/made by Kangkang is used for sending small toys into the air. 2.Thomas Edison is a great inventor. He invented the light b____________ in 1879. 3.This laptop is made of __________________（塑料）and metal, so it’s light and easy to carry. 4.The __________________（invent）of GPS has helped people solve the problem of finding positions. 5.A __________________/ˈsætəlaɪt/can send messages between different countries all over the world. 6.With his rich __________________（imagine）, the student designed a special robot that can help the elderly. 7.The__________________ /ˈmetl/lock is very strong and can keep our doors safe. 8.The __________________（宇宙飞船）returned to Earth safely after a 10-day space mission. 9.The digital __________________/ˈkæmrə/was developed in Japan in the 1970s.（答案：camera） 10.Every invention has its advantages and d________________________. We should use them properly. 一、重点核心短语梳理 短语 中文 短语 中文 由……制成（能看出原材料） 由…… 制成（看不出原材料） 被用来做（某事） 被允许做某事 被某人发明 遵循步骤 制作某物的模型 画（某物的）详细图纸 想出一个主意 和别人分享某物 注意某物 在某物上写字 希望做某事 希望某人的梦想成真 在某物上花费时间 与…… 不同 （方法等）有效；运转良好 解决一个问题 二、完成句子 1.康康制作的那枚模型火箭是由金属制成的。 The model rocket Kangkang made is ____________ of metal. 2.火箭被用来将卫星送入太空。 A rocket is used ____________ sending satellites into space. 3.李华起初想不出一个关于他的小发明的好主意。 Li Hua couldn’t ____________ up with a good idea for his small invention at first. 4.这个环保铅笔盒和商店里的塑料铅笔盒不一样。 This eco-friendly pencil case is different ____________ the plastic ones in the store. 5.制作小发明时，你需要仔细遵循步骤。 You need to ____________ steps carefully when making a small invention. 6.汤姆上周末花了很多时间在他的模型飞机上。 Tom spent a lot of time ____________ his model plane last weekend. 7.在老师的帮助下，杰克最终解决了制作笔筒时遇到的问题。 With his teacher’s help, Jack finally ____________ the problem in making the pen holder. 8.完成自己的发明后，露西在课堂上把它分享给了同学们。 After finishing her invention, Lucy shared it ____________ her classmates in class.9.我们所有人都希望康康进入太空的梦想能够实现。 All of us hope Kangkang’s dream of going into space will come ____________. 10.我弟弟想用硬纸板制作一个宇宙飞船模型。 My little brother wants to ____________ a model of a spaceship with cardboard. 一、功能句 情景 1：询问物品材质及回答（核心话题：发明/物品的材料） A: ______________ your model spaceship ______________? B: It’s made of metal. You can clearly see the material. 情景 2：询问物品用途及回答（核心话题：发明的功能） A: ______________ this digital camera ______________? B: It’s used for taking photos and recording short videos. 情景 3：询问发明时间 / 发明人及回答（核心话题：发明的历史信息） A: ________________________ the light bulb _________________________? B: It was invented by Thomas Edison in 1879. 情景 4：询问物品制作者及回答（核心话题：发明的归属） A: This model rocket looks wonderful! __________________________________________ B: It was made by me. I learned a lot about spaceships before making it . 情景 5：表达发明梦想及鼓励回应（核心话题：发明愿望与支持） A: I wish I could invent a new kind of eco-friendly bag some day. B: That’s a great dream! ___________________________________________ 情景 6：谈论最喜欢的发明及原因（核心话题：发明的价值认知） A: What’s your favorite invention in history? B: I think it’s the airplane. It makes traveling across long distances much easier . 情景 7：谈论制作发明的困难及给出建议（核心话题：发明过程中的问题解决） A: I have trouble making a detailed drawing for my invention. ____________________________ B: You can ask your art teacher for help. She will teach you how to draw clearly. 情景 8：主动展示发明并介绍（核心话题：发明的分享） A: Look! I made a model of a satellite with recycled materials. B: Wow, ____________________________ What is it used for in your design? A: It’s used for showing how satellites work in space . 情景 9：请求查看发明模型及回应（核心话题：发明的交流） A: Could you show me your model airplane? __________________________________________ B: Sure, here it is. It’s made of wood and plastic . 二、写作句型 课时 1 主题：描述发明的材质与用途 1.核心句型 1：主语 + be made of + 材料. （描述能看出原材料的物品） 例句：The lock on my desk is made of metal—it’s very strong. 2.核心句型 2：主语 + be made from + 材料. （描述看不出原材料的物品） 例句：This kind of paper is made from wood, but we can’t tell from its appearance. 3.核心句型 3：主语 + be used for + doing sth. （介绍物品的用途） 例句：The new laptop is used for studying online and storing important files. 课时 2 主题：介绍发明的时间、发明人与制作者 1.核心句型 1：主语 + be invented by + 某人 + in + 年份. （介绍发明人与时间） 例句：The radio was invented by Guglielmo Marconi in 1895 . 2.核心句型 2：主语 + be made by + 某人 + 时间状语. （介绍物品的制作者与制作时间） 例句：This model spaceship was made by me last weekend. 3.核心句型 3：It’s said that + 主语 + 发明相关动作 + 其他. （引用他人观点介绍发明） 例句：It’s said that Edison invented more than two thousand things during his life. 课时 3 主题：描述发明过程与遇到的困难 1.核心句型 1：When making + 某物，we need to + 动作（遵循步骤 / 准备材料）. （描述制作过程） 例句：When making a model rocket, we need to follow steps and prepare metal and cardboard first. 2.核心句型 2：I had trouble (in) + doing sth. for my invention, but I + 解决方法. （谈论困难与解决） 例句：I had trouble (in) designing the zipper for my pencil case, but I solved it with my dad’s help. 3.核心句型 3：First, we should + 动作 1; Then, we need to + 动作 2; Finally, we can + 动作 3. （分步骤描述发明过程） 例句：First, we should draw a detailed picture of the invention; Then, we need to make a small model; Finally, we can test if it works. 课时 4 主题：表达发明梦想与对发明的评价 1.核心句型 1：My dream is to + 发明相关动作（如 invent/make）+ 某物，because it can + 用途. （表达发明梦想及原因） 例句：My dream is to invent a solar-powered backpack, because it can charge phones for students. 2.核心句型 2：In my opinion, + 发明名称 + is one of the most useful inventions, because it + 带来的好处. （评价发明的价值） 例句：In my opinion, the bicycle is one of the most useful inventions, because it’s eco-friendly and good for health . 3.核心句型 3：From making this invention, I learned that + 道理（耐心 / 坚持的重要性）. （表达发明收获） 例句：From making this model spaceship, I learned that patience is very important for completing an invention. 三、书面表达演练 某英文网站正在举办以“My Favorite Invention”为主题的征文活动。假定你是李华，请根据下面的提示，写一篇英语短文投稿。 提示： 1. What’s your favorite invention? 2. Why do you like it? 3. What do you use it for? 要求： 1.短文必须包括所给要点，可适当发挥； 2.语句正确，意思通顺、连贯，书写规范； 3.短文中不得出现你的任何真实信息（姓名、校名和地名）； 4.词数：不少于80 My Favorite Invention ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 本单元核心语法为 被动语态 Ⅱ（一般现在时/一般过去时被动语态，及 “be made of/from/be used for/be invented by” 等固定被动短语），是中考高频考点，主要用于描述 “发明的创造者、物品的材质与用途、事物的研发过程”等场景。 语法：被动语态 Ⅱ 一、语法概念梳理 1.被动语态基本结构：主语 + be 动词（am/is/are/was/were） + 动词过去分词（done），强调 “动作的承受者”（如物品、发明），而非 “动作的发出者”。 2.时态对应： 描述当前客观事实（如物品材质、日常用途）用 一般现在时被动语态， 结构：主语 + ______/______/______ + __________(do) 例句：A rocket __________________ (use) for sending satellites into space. 描述过去发生的动作（如发明时间、过去的制作）用 一般过去时被动语态， 结构：主语 + ______/______ +__________(do) 例句：The light bulb __________________ (invent) by Thomas Edison in 1879. 3.本话题核心被动短语： 表 “物品材质”：be made of（能看出原材料）/be made from（看不出原材料） 例句： The model rocket ____________ (make) of metal. Paper ____________ (make) from wood. 表 “物品用途”：be used for + ____________ 例句： A digital camera ____________ (use) for ____________(take) photos. 表 “发明/制作归属”：be invented/made by + ____________ 例句： This model ____________ (make) ______ Kangkang last week. 二、语境逻辑问答（结合话题情景，理解 “为何用被动”） 1.教材 Section A 中 “Kangkang said ‘The model rocket was made by me.’” 为什么不用主动语态 “The model rocket made me.”？两者含义有何不同？ 答：因为句子强调 “模型火箭的制作者（康康）”，核心是 “模型火箭”（动作承受者），而非 “康康做了什么”（主动语态强调动作发出者）；主动语态 “The model rocket made me.” 语义错误（意为 “模型火箭制作了我”），不符合逻辑，故用被动语态。 2.描述 “纸的材质” 时，为什么说 “Paper is made from wood”，而非 “Paper is made of wood”？这两个短语的使用逻辑是什么？ 答：“be made of” 用于 “能直接看出原材料”（如金属做的火箭模型，能看到金属），“be made from” 用于 “原材料经过加工后无法直接识别”（纸由木头制成，但看不到木头的原始形态）；纸的制作需经过复杂加工，故用 “be made from”。 3.“The first laptop was developed in Japan in 1985.” 中，为什么用 “was developed”（一般过去时被动），而非 “developed”（主动）？ 答：句子强调 “第一台笔记本电脑的研发地点（日本）和时间（1985 年）”，核心是 “笔记本电脑”（动作承受者），未突出 “研发者”，符合被动语态 “强调承受者” 的用法；若用主动语态需补充 “研发者”（如 “Japanese scientists developed the first laptop...”），不符合本句 “聚焦物品本身” 的语境。 三、句型转换 请将下列主动句改为被动句： 1.Thomas Edison invented the light bulb in 1879. ________________________________________________ 2.People use digital cameras for taking photos and videos. ________________________________________________ 3.Kangkang made the model rocket with metal last month. ________________________________________________ 4.We use GPS to find our position in any weather. ________________________________________________ 四、语法专项练习 题型 1：单项选择 1.The radio ______ by Guglielmo Marconi in 1895. A. invented B. was invented C. is invented D. invents 2.—What ______ the pencil case made ______? —It’s made of plastic. A. is; of B. was; from C. is; from D. was; of 3.A smartphone ______ not only for making calls but also for surfing the Internet. A. uses B. used C. is used D. was used 题型 2：用所给词的适当形式填空 1.The first jeans ______ (produce) in 1855. At that time, they were not called “jeans”. 2.Now, many eco-friendly bags ______ (make) from recycled paper to protect the environment. 题型 3：句型转换 1.People designed the first airplane in 1903.（改为被动句） ________________________________________________ 2.This model spaceship is used for showing how spaceships work.（对划线部分提问） ________________________________________________ 题型 4：语境填空 1.—Who __________________ (make) this model satellite? —It __________________ (make) by my brother last weekend. 2.The new kind of laptop __________________ (develop) in China in 2020. It __________________ (use) for both study and work now. 3.—Is this table __________________ (make) of wood? —Yes, and it __________________ (use) for placing books in my study. 话题综合训练 一、单项选择 1．Emma got excited when her composition ________ as a model in class. A．read B．is read C．was read 2．This kind of smart watch ________ by a young inventor last year, and it’s very popular now. A．invents B．invented C．was invented 3．Erquan Yingyue was so ________ that we were all ________ by it. A．moving; moved B．moved; moving C．moving; be moved 4．—Have you heard of a cool washing machine called Bicycle Washing Machine? —Yes, it’s a new ________ by a group of Chinese university students. A．invention B．instruction C．introduction 5．Every child should attend school to get good ________ . A．invention B．education C．instructions 6．Silver is a kind of ________. A．plastic B．metal C．cloth 7．The ________ jeans are perfect for daily wear and can stand years of use. A．well-educated B．easy-going C．hard-wearing 8．It’s _______ that my opinion on the problem is similar to my teacher’s. A．amazing B．terrible C．silly 9．—Leo, what do you think is the most helpful ________ in modern times? —I think it is the computer. A．invents B．invention C．inventor 10．— Hi, John, you do tai chi really well. What is your ________? — Practice makes perfect! A．result B．secret C．mark 二、完形填空 Things are often invented because there is a need for them. A 14-year-old boy from Canada didn’t like wearing a hat to school, so when he 11 on a February morning and found the temperature was -30℃, he had a 12 . He didn’t want his ears to freeze to ice. To solve it, he made “heated ear muffs”! Bette Nesmith Graham was a typist (打字员), but she was not very good at typing. She often made mistakes in her work. To 13 her mistakes, she invented “Liquid Paper (修正液)”. It dried quickly and made her able to write on top of it 14 . To invent something isn’t necessarily difficult. The important thing is that it works and is 15 . Little Katie Harding, 5 years old, didn’t like walking to the school bus on 16 and rainy winter mornings. She kept walking into muddy puddles (泥坑) because she couldn’t see them, and so did her brother, who always walked with her and held the 17 over them. Katie’s simple but wonderful 18 was to fasten (使固定) a flashlight to the umbrella. The “Muddy Puddle Spotter” was born. Next time something doesn’t work in the way you want it to, do something about it! Things that have been invented can always be improved. New ideas can always be found. If you 19 , that’s OK. Then you know what doesn’t work! Somewhere out there, there is a new thing just 20 to be invented by you. 11．A．gave up B．hurried up C．woke up 12．A．secret B．symbol C．problem 13．A．break B．cover C．catch 14．A．correctly B．slowly C．politely 15．A．helpful B．careful C．interesting 16．A．dark B．dry C．hot 17．A．handbag B．umbrella C．balloon 18．A．style B．trouble C．idea 19．A．succeed B．challenge C．fail 20．A．waiting B．volunteering C．asking 三、短文填空 根据短文内容及所给提示, 补全文中单词或用所给单词的正确形式填空。 Taking trains is safe and comfortable. Maybe you 21._____________ (travel) on it for your holiday already. But do you know who invented it? George Stephenson was 22._____________ English engineer. He was born 23._____________ 1781 in a poor family. He had to start to work when he was only eight. When George was fourteen, his family made a 24._____________ (decide) to let him help his father with the work, so he became his 25._____________ (father) helper. His father often told him to do everything 26._____________ (careful) . He spent a lot of time 27._____________ (study) engines. And on holidays, he often took apart an engine and studied each part. In fact he made many 28 (discovery) . His father said that he never 29._____________ (regret) letting him doing so. Soon he became a very good worker. 30._____________he was seventeen, George began to learn English letters. On his 31._____________ (eighteen) birthday, he 32._____________ (write) his name for the first time in his life. Many things  33._____________ (invent) in George’s whole life. The train was the 34._____________ (great) one among them. Next time, when you take a train 35._____________one place to another, will you think of this great man? 四、阅读理解 In a field in England, three little robots have been given a great job: to find and kill grass before planting seeds in the soil. The robots are named Tom, Dick and Harry. Tom is the first of the three clever robots to start working. He watches the crops carefully and collects the information about each plant. He can create a short introduction to each plant and even make decisions on what chemicals are needed for your crops. Dick does the dirty work. He can go to each plant that is doing bad to the crops and take it out. Plants that are good for the crops are left. He can spray things like chemicals in order to keep plants healthy. Harry is a planter. He digs holes into the field and puts seeds into the ground, and records where he puts them. If a seed doesn’t grow, he can easily travel there and plants a new seed. The smart robots are made by Small Robot. The British company says farmers could reduce costs by 40% and chemical usage by up to 95%. The little robots allow farmers to free their soils from chemicals. Using fewer chemicals is going to save much money and is good for the environment. As well as reducing the use of chemicals, robots will bring us better soil quality and more plants and animals. “We have to change farming now, or else there won’t be anything to farm,” says Small Robot. 36．What can we know about the three robots from Paragraph 1? A．They are huge. B．They work in a field. C．They can plant seeds. D．They come from America. 37．Which may be used by Dick? A． B． C． D． 38．What is Paragraph 5 mainly about? A．The harm that chemicals cause. B．The cost farmers spend on farming. C．A famous company that produces robots. D．The advantages that the farming robots bring. 39．What is the structure for the passage? A．B． C． D． 40．What is the best title for the passage? A．Living a Modern Life B．The Changes on Farming C．Protecting the Plants D．The History of Robots 五、任务型阅读 3D printing is an amazing technology that has changed the way we make things. It was first invented in the 1980s and has developed a lot since then. The process of 3D printing is really interesting. First, we need to design a 3D model of the object we want to make using special computer software. Then, the 3D printer reads the model and starts to build the object layer by layer. It uses different materials like plastics, metals, or ceramics (陶瓷) to create the object. 3D printing has many great uses. It can be used in the medical field, the manufacturing (制造业) industry and so on. It can make parts for cars, airplanes, and other machines. It can also be used to make beautiful jewelry (珠宝) and toys. Another advantage of 3D printing is that it can save a lot of materials. Unlike traditional manufacturing methods where a lot of material is cut away and wasted, 3D printing only uses the amount of material needed to build the object. However, 3D printing also has some problems. The 3D printers and the materials can be quite expensive, so not everyone can afford them. Also, the printing speed is usually slower than traditional manufacturing methods, which means it takes more time to make a large number of products. In the future, 3D printing will probably become more and more popular and advanced. We may be able to print even more complex and useful things with it, like houses and even human organs. It will bring more convenience and possibilities to our lives. 41．When was 3D printing first invented? 42．What materials does 3D printing often use to create objects? 43．Where can 3D printing be used? 44．Is 3D printing speed usually faster or slower than traditional manufacturing methods? 45．Do you like 3D printing? Why or why not? 六、补全对话 根据下面的对话情景，在空白处填入一个适当的句子，使对话的意思连贯、完整。 (Bob is calling Tina on the phone. ) Bob: Hello, Tina! What do you think of the show you went to yesterday? Tina: Great! It’s about the Four Great Inventions in China. Bob: 46._____________________________________ Tina: My favorite invention is the compass. It was also called “Si Nan” in ancient times. Bob: I’m quite interested in it. 47._____________________________________ Tina: In the past, it was used for showing people the direction. Bob: It’s really useful. 48._____________________________________ Tina: No one knows who invented it. Bob: I will go to see the show this Sunday. 49._____________________________________ Tina: Sure. You can take the No. 7 bus. Have a good time. Bob: 50._____________________________________ Goodbye. Tina: Bye. Unit 4 Fun in the Sun 阶段复习一第 1 页 共 21 页 九年级 Unit 4 Topic 1第 2 页 共 21 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $七年级英语 Unit 4 Fun in the Sun 九年级英语 Unit 4 Topic 1 Unit 4 Topic 1 一、重难点核心词汇梳理 单词 音标 中文 页码 发明与科技类 rocket /ˈrɒkɪt/ n. 火箭 81 satellite /ˈsætəlaɪt/ n. 卫星 81 spaceship /ˈspeɪsʃɪp/ n. 宇宙飞船 81 invention /ɪnˈvenʃn/ n. 发明，创造 85 laptop /ˈlæptɒp/ n. 手提电脑 82 digital /ˈdɪdʒɪtl/ adj. 数码的，数字的 82 bulb /bʌlb/ n. 电灯泡 83 airplane /ˈeəpleɪn/ n. 飞机 83 robot /ˈrəʊbɒt/ n. 机器人 86 keyboard /ˈkiːbɔːd/ n. 键盘 86 system /ˈsɪstəm/ n. 体系，系统 88 explorer /ɪkˈsplɔːrə(r)/ n. 探险者，勘探者 87 材料与物品类 metal /ˈmetl/ n. 金属 81 lock /lɒk/ n. 锁；v. 锁住 82 crayon /ˈkreɪən/ n. 彩色铅笔（蜡笔） 85 balloon /bəˈluːn/ n. 气球 86 gun /ɡʌn/ n. 枪，炮 86 mark /mɑːk/ n. 标示，记号；v. 做标记 87 过程与方法类 process /ˈprəʊses/ n. 步骤，过程 85 thought /θɔːt/ n. 想法，主意 85 imagination /ɪˌmædʒɪˈneɪʃn/ n. 想象力 86 brainstorm /ˈbreɪnstɔːm/ v. 集思广益，动脑筋 85 evaluate /ɪˈvæljueɪt/ v. 评估，评价 85 detailed /dɪˈteɪld/ adj. 详细的 85 redesign /ˌriːdɪˈzaɪn/ v. 重新设计 85 其他核心词 silly /ˈsɪli/ adj. 愚蠢的，傻的 85 disadvantage /ˌdɪsədˈvɑːntɪdʒ/ n. 不利因素，障碍 88 man-made /ˌmænˈmeɪd/ adj. 人造的，非天然的 88 hard-wearing /ˌhɑːdˈweərɪŋ/ adj. 耐磨的 84 list /lɪst/ v. 列清单；n. 名单 85 二、词汇运用检测 1.The __________________/ˈrɒkɪt/made by Kangkang is used for sending small toys into the air.（答案：rocket） 2.Thomas Edison is a great inventor. He invented the light b____________ in 1879.（答案：bulb） 3.This laptop is made of __________________（塑料）and metal, so it’s light and easy to carry.（答案：plastic） 4.The __________________（invent）of GPS has helped people solve the problem of finding positions.（答案：invention） 5.A __________________/ˈsætəlaɪt/can send messages between different countries all over the world.（答案：satellite） 6.With his rich __________________（imagine）, the student designed a special robot that can help the elderly.（答案：imagination） 7.The__________________ /ˈmetl/lock is very strong and can keep our doors safe.（答案：metal） 8.The __________________（宇宙飞船）returned to Earth safely after a 10-day space mission.（答案：spaceship） 9.The digital __________________/ˈkæmrə/was developed in Japan in the 1970s.（答案：camera） 10.Every invention has its advantages and d________________________. We should use them properly.（答案：disadvantages） 一、重点核心短语梳理 短语 中文 短语 中文 be made of 由……制成（能看出原材料） be made from 由…… 制成（看不出原材料） be used for (doing) sth. 被用来做（某事） be allowed to do sth. 被允许做某事 be invented by sb. 被某人发明 follow steps 遵循步骤 make a model of sth. 制作某物的模型 make a detailed drawing 画（某物的）详细图纸 come up with an idea 想出一个主意 share sth. with others 和别人分享某物 pay attention to sth. 注意某物 write on sth. 在某物上写字 wish to do sth. 希望做某事 hope one’s dream will come true 希望某人的梦想成真 spend time on sth. 在某物上花费时间 be different from 与…… 不同 work well （方法等）有效；运转良好 solve a problem 解决一个问题 二、完成句子 1.康康制作的那枚模型火箭是由金属制成的。 The model rocket Kangkang made is ____________ of metal.【答案】made 2.火箭被用来将卫星送入太空。 A rocket is used ____________ sending satellites into space.【答案】for 3.李华起初想不出一个关于他的小发明的好主意。 Li Hua couldn’t ____________ up with a good idea for his small invention at first.【答案】come 4.这个环保铅笔盒和商店里的塑料铅笔盒不一样。 This eco-friendly pencil case is different ____________ the plastic ones in the store.【答案】from 5.制作小发明时，你需要仔细遵循步骤。 You need to ____________ steps carefully when making a small invention.【答案】follow 6.汤姆上周末花了很多时间在他的模型飞机上。 Tom spent a lot of time ____________ his model plane last weekend.【答案】on 7.在老师的帮助下，杰克最终解决了制作笔筒时遇到的问题。 With his teacher’s help, Jack finally ____________ the problem in making the pen holder.【答案】solved 8.完成自己的发明后，露西在课堂上把它分享给了同学们。 After finishing her invention, Lucy shared it ____________ her classmates in class.【答案】with 9.我们所有人都希望康康进入太空的梦想能够实现。 All of us hope Kangkang’s dream of going into space will come ____________.【答案】true 10.我弟弟想用硬纸板制作一个宇宙飞船模型。 My little brother wants to ____________ a model of a spaceship with cardboard.【答案】make 一、功能句 情景 1：询问物品材质及回答（核心话题：发明/物品的材料） A: What is your model spaceship made of? B: It’s made of metal. You can clearly see the material. 情景 2：询问物品用途及回答（核心话题：发明的功能） A: What is this digital camera used for? B: It’s used for taking photos and recording short videos. 情景 3：询问发明时间 / 发明人及回答（核心话题：发明的历史信息） A: When and who was the light bulb invented by? B: It was invented by Thomas Edison in 1879. 情景 4：询问物品制作者及回答（核心话题：发明的归属） A: This model rocket looks wonderful! Who was it made by? B: It was made by me. I learned a lot about spaceships before making it . 情景 5：表达发明梦想及鼓励回应（核心话题：发明愿望与支持） A: I wish I could invent a new kind of eco-friendly bag some day. B: That’s a great dream! I hope your dream will come true. 情景 6：谈论最喜欢的发明及原因（核心话题：发明的价值认知） A: What’s your favorite invention in history? B: I think it’s the airplane. It makes traveling across long distances much easier . 情景 7：谈论制作发明的困难及给出建议（核心话题：发明过程中的问题解决） A: I have trouble making a detailed drawing for my invention. What should I do? B: You can ask your art teacher for help. She will teach you how to draw clearly. 情景 8：主动展示发明并介绍（核心话题：发明的分享） A: Look! I made a model of a satellite with recycled materials. B: Wow, it’s amazing! What is it used for in your design? A: It’s used for showing how satellites work in space . 情景 9：请求查看发明模型及回应（核心话题：发明的交流） A: Could you show me your model airplane? I want to learn how you made it. B: Sure, here it is. It’s made of wood and plastic . 二、写作句型 课时 1 主题：描述发明的材质与用途 1.核心句型 1：主语 + be made of + 材料. （描述能看出原材料的物品） 例句：The lock on my desk is made of metal—it’s very strong. 2.核心句型 2：主语 + be made from + 材料. （描述看不出原材料的物品） 例句：This kind of paper is made from wood, but we can’t tell from its appearance. 3.核心句型 3：主语 + be used for + doing sth. （介绍物品的用途） 例句：The new laptop is used for studying online and storing important files. 课时 2 主题：介绍发明的时间、发明人与制作者 1.核心句型 1：主语 + be invented by + 某人 + in + 年份. （介绍发明人与时间） 例句：The radio was invented by Guglielmo Marconi in 1895 . 2.核心句型 2：主语 + be made by + 某人 + 时间状语. （介绍物品的制作者与制作时间） 例句：This model spaceship was made by me last weekend. 3.核心句型 3：It’s said that + 主语 + 发明相关动作 + 其他. （引用他人观点介绍发明） 例句：It’s said that Edison invented more than two thousand things during his life. 课时 3 主题：描述发明过程与遇到的困难 1.核心句型 1：When making + 某物，we need to + 动作（遵循步骤 / 准备材料）. （描述制作过程） 例句：When making a model rocket, we need to follow steps and prepare metal and cardboard first. 2.核心句型 2：I had trouble (in) + doing sth. for my invention, but I + 解决方法. （谈论困难与解决） 例句：I had trouble (in) designing the zipper for my pencil case, but I solved it with my dad’s help. 3.核心句型 3：First, we should + 动作 1; Then, we need to + 动作 2; Finally, we can + 动作 3. （分步骤描述发明过程） 例句：First, we should draw a detailed picture of the invention; Then, we need to make a small model; Finally, we can test if it works. 课时 4 主题：表达发明梦想与对发明的评价 1.核心句型 1：My dream is to + 发明相关动作（如 invent/make）+ 某物，because it can + 用途. （表达发明梦想及原因） 例句：My dream is to invent a solar-powered backpack, because it can charge phones for students. 2.核心句型 2：In my opinion, + 发明名称 + is one of the most useful inventions, because it + 带来的好处. （评价发明的价值） 例句：In my opinion, the bicycle is one of the most useful inventions, because it’s eco-friendly and good for health . 3.核心句型 3：From making this invention, I learned that + 道理（耐心 / 坚持的重要性）. （表达发明收获） 例句：From making this model spaceship, I learned that patience is very important for completing an invention. 三、书面表达演练 某英文网站正在举办以“My Favorite Invention”为主题的征文活动。假定你是李华，请根据下面的提示，写一篇英语短文投稿。 提示： 1. What’s your favorite invention? 2. Why do you like it? 3. What do you use it for? 要求： 1.短文必须包括所给要点，可适当发挥； 2.语句正确，意思通顺、连贯，书写规范； 3.短文中不得出现你的任何真实信息（姓名、校名和地名）； 4.词数：不少于80 My Favorite Invention ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 例文 My Favorite Invention My favorite invention is the smartphone. I like it because it is very useful and convenient. With a smartphone, I can do many things. For example, I use it to call my friends, such as Ma Li, and send messages. I also use it to search for information on the internet, which helps me with my homework. Moreover, I can listen to music and watch videos for relaxation. The smartphone makes my life easier and more enjoyable. That’s why it is my favorite invention. 【详解】[总体分析] ①题材：本文是一篇材料作文； ②时态：一般现在时（因为描述的是当前最喜欢的发明和日常使用情况）； ③提示：短文必须包括三个要点：最喜欢的发明是什么、为什么喜欢它、用它来做什么。可适当发挥，但不能出现真实信息（如姓名、校名和地名），可使用提供的人名如Ma Li。 [写作步骤] 第一步：确定主题和结构。选择一种常见的发明（如智能手机），并规划短文结构：开头引入发明，中间解释原因和用途，结尾总结； 第二步：组织内容。先写出发明是什么，然后详细说明喜欢的原因（如实用、方便）和具体用途（如打电话、搜索信息、娱乐），最后用一句话强调喜爱； 第三步：检查语法和词数。确保句子正确、通顺，并避免真实信息。 [亮点词汇] ① be useful and convenient实用又方便 ② search for information搜索信息 ③ on the internet在互联网上 ④ help with sth.帮助做某事 [高分句型] ① I use it to search for information on the internet, which helps me with my homework.（运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句） ② With a smartphone, I can do many things.（运用了with短语作状语） 本单元核心语法为 被动语态 Ⅱ（一般现在时/一般过去时被动语态，及 “be made of/from/be used for/be invented by” 等固定被动短语），是中考高频考点，主要用于描述 “发明的创造者、物品的材质与用途、事物的研发过程”等场景。 语法：被动语态 Ⅱ 一、语法概念梳理 1.被动语态基本结构：主语 + be 动词（am/is/are/was/were） + 动词过去分词（done），强调 “动作的承受者”（如物品、发明），而非 “动作的发出者”。 2.时态对应： 描述当前客观事实（如物品材质、日常用途）用 一般现在时被动语态， 结构：主语 + ___am___/___is___/___are___ + _____done_____(do) 例句：A rocket __________________ (use) for sending satellites into space.（答案：is used） 描述过去发生的动作（如发明时间、过去的制作）用 一般过去时被动语态， 结构：主语 + ___was___/___were___ +_____done_____(do) 例句：The light bulb __________________ (invent) by Thomas Edison in 1879.（答案：was invented） 3.本话题核心被动短语： 表 “物品材质”：be made of（能看出原材料）/be made from（看不出原材料） 例句： The model rocket ____________ (make) of metal.（答案：is made） Paper ____________ (make) from wood.（答案：is made） 表 “物品用途”：be used for + ____________（动词- ing 形式） 例句： A digital camera ____________ (use) for ____________(take) photos.（答案：is used；taking） 表 “发明/制作归属”：be invented/made by + ____________（动作发出者，如人 / 国家） 例句： This model ____________ (make) ______ Kangkang last week.（答案：was made; by） 二、语境逻辑问答（结合话题情景，理解 “为何用被动”） 1.教材 Section A 中 “Kangkang said ‘The model rocket was made by me.’” 为什么不用主动语态 “The model rocket made me.”？两者含义有何不同？ 答：因为句子强调 “模型火箭的制作者（康康）”，核心是 “模型火箭”（动作承受者），而非 “康康做了什么”（主动语态强调动作发出者）；主动语态 “The model rocket made me.” 语义错误（意为 “模型火箭制作了我”），不符合逻辑，故用被动语态。 2.描述 “纸的材质” 时，为什么说 “Paper is made from wood”，而非 “Paper is made of wood”？这两个短语的使用逻辑是什么？ 答：“be made of” 用于 “能直接看出原材料”（如金属做的火箭模型，能看到金属），“be made from” 用于 “原材料经过加工后无法直接识别”（纸由木头制成，但看不到木头的原始形态）；纸的制作需经过复杂加工，故用 “be made from”。 3.“The first laptop was developed in Japan in 1985.” 中，为什么用 “was developed”（一般过去时被动），而非 “developed”（主动）？ 答：句子强调 “第一台笔记本电脑的研发地点（日本）和时间（1985 年）”，核心是 “笔记本电脑”（动作承受者），未突出 “研发者”，符合被动语态 “强调承受者” 的用法；若用主动语态需补充 “研发者”（如 “Japanese scientists developed the first laptop...”），不符合本句 “聚焦物品本身” 的语境。 三、句型转换 请将下列主动句改为被动句： 1.Thomas Edison invented the light bulb in 1879. ________________________________________________ （答案：The light bulb was invented by Thomas Edison in 1879.） 2.People use digital cameras for taking photos and videos. ________________________________________________ （答案：Digital cameras are used for taking photos and videos.） 3.Kangkang made the model rocket with metal last month. ________________________________________________ （答案：The model rocket was made of metal by Kangkang last month.） 4.We use GPS to find our position in any weather. ________________________________________________ （答案：GPS is used to find our position in any weather.） 四、语法专项练习 题型 1：单项选择 1.The radio ______ by Guglielmo Marconi in 1895. A. invented B. was invented C. is invented D. invents （答案：B 解析：“1895 年” 表过去，“收音机被发明” 用一般过去时被动语态，结构 “was + invented”。） 2.—What ______ the pencil case made ______? —It’s made of plastic. A. is; of B. was; from C. is; from D. was; of （答案：A 解析：描述当前物品材质（能看到塑料），用一般现在时被动 “is made of”。） 3.A smartphone ______ not only for making calls but also for surfing the Internet. A. uses B. used C. is used D. was used （答案：C 解析：描述手机的日常用途，用一般现在时被动 “is used”，“be used for” 表用途。） 题型 2：用所给词的适当形式填空 1.The first jeans ______ (produce) in 1855. At that time, they were not called “jeans”. （答案：were produced 解析：“1855 年” 表过去，“牛仔裤被生产” 用一般过去时被动） 2.Now, many eco-friendly bags ______ (make) from recycled paper to protect the environment. （答案：are made 解析：“now” 表现在，“环保袋由回收纸制成” 用一般现在时被动，且 “看不出原材料” 用 “be made from”） 题型 3：句型转换 1.People designed the first airplane in 1903.（改为被动句） ________________________________________________ 答案：The first airplane was designed in 1903. 2.This model spaceship is used for showing how spaceships work.（对划线部分提问） ________________________________________________ 答案：What is this model spaceship used for? 题型 4：语境填空 1.—Who __________________ (make) this model satellite? —It __________________ (make) by my brother last weekend. （答案：was made；was made 解析：“last weekend” 表过去，“模型卫星被制作” 用一般过去时被动） 2.The new kind of laptop __________________ (develop) in China in 2020. It __________________ (use) for both study and work now. （答案：was developed；is used 解析：“2020 年” 用一般过去时被动，“now” 用一般现在时被动） 3.—Is this table __________________ (make) of wood? —Yes, and it __________________ (use) for placing books in my study. （答案：made；is used 解析：“能看出木头材质” 用 “be made of”，“日常用途” 用一般现在时被动） 话题综合训练 一、单项选择 1．Emma got excited when her composition ________ as a model in class. A．read B．is read C．was read 【答案】C 【详解】句意：当艾玛的作文在课堂上被当作范文朗读时，她很激动。 考查动词时态和语态。主语“her composition”是动作“read”的承受者，需用被动语态；根据主句“got excited”可知，事情发生在过去，因此用一般过去时的被动语态“was read”。故选C。 2．This kind of smart watch ________ by a young inventor last year, and it’s very popular now. A．invents B．invented C．was invented 【答案】C 【详解】句意：这种智能手表是去年被一个年轻发明家发明的，现在非常的流行。 考查时态和语态。根据“last year”可知，句子的时态为一般过去时。“This kind of smart watch”为句子的主语，与谓语动词invent是被动关系。选项A为一般现在时的主动语态；选项B为一般过去时的主动语态。选项C为一般过去时的被动语态。故选C。 3．Erquan Yingyue was so ________ that we were all ________ by it. A．moving; moved B．moved; moving C．moving; be moved 【答案】A 【详解】句意：《二泉映月》是如此动人，以至于我们都被它打动了。 考查形容词和动词的用法。moving动人的（形容物）；moved感动的（作形容词，形容人），使感动（动词过去式或过去分词）。根据“Erquan Yingyue was so...”可知，此处指《二泉映月》这首曲很动人，形容物，用moving，作表语；根据“we were all...by it”可知，此处指被这首曲所打动，是被动语态“be done”，短语为be moved by“被打动”，空前已有be动词were，空处应是moved。故选A。 4．—Have you heard of a cool washing machine called Bicycle Washing Machine? —Yes, it’s a new ________ by a group of Chinese university students. A．invention B．instruction C．introduction 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你听说过一种很酷的洗衣机叫自行车洗衣机吗？——是的，这是一群中国大学生的新发明。 考查名词辨析。invention发明；instruction命令；introduction介绍。根据“a cool washing machine”可知，此处指的是一项新发明。故选A。 5．Every child should attend school to get good ________ . A．invention B．education C．instructions 【答案】B 【详解】句意：每个孩子都应该上学以获得良好的教育。 考查名词辨析。invention发明；education教育；instructions说明书。根据“Every child should attend school”可知，孩子在学校可以得到良好的教育。故选B。 6．Silver is a kind of ________. A．plastic B．metal C．cloth 【答案】B 【详解】句意：银是一种金属。 考查名词辨析和常识。plastic塑料；metal金属；cloth布料。根据“Silver is a kind of...”和常识可知，银是一种金属，故选B。 7．The ________ jeans are perfect for daily wear and can stand years of use. A．well-educated B．easy-going C．hard-wearing 【答案】C 【详解】句意：这条耐穿的牛仔裤非常适合日常穿着，而且可以经得住多年的使用。 考查形容词辨析。well-educated受过良好教育的；easy-going随和的，不慌不忙的；hard-wearing耐磨的，耐穿的。根据“The...jeans are perfect for daily wear and can stand years of use.”可知此处表示“牛仔裤很耐穿”。故选C。 8．It’s _______ that my opinion on the problem is similar to my teacher’s. A．amazing B．terrible C．silly 【答案】A 【详解】句意：令人惊讶的是，我对这个问题的看法与我老师的相似。 考查形容词辨析。amazing令人惊讶的；terrible可怕的；silly愚蠢的。根据“my opinion on the problem is similar to my teacher’s.”可知，此处表示这是令人惊讶的，因此选amazing。故选A。 9．—Leo, what do you think is the most helpful ________ in modern times? —I think it is the computer. A．invents B．invention C．inventor 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——Leo，你认为现代最有用的发明是什么？——我认为是电脑。 考查词义辨析。 invents发明（动词）；invention发明（名词）；inventor发明家（名词）。根据“I think it is the computer.”可知，问对方最有用的发明是什么，应用invention。故选B。 10．— Hi, John, you do tai chi really well. What is your ________? — Practice makes perfect! A．result B．secret C．mark 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——嗨，约翰，你太极拳打得真好。你的秘诀是什么？——熟能生巧！ 考查名词辨析。result结果；secret秘诀；mark记号。根据“you do tai chi really well”和答语“Practice makes perfect!”可知，应是询问太极打得好的秘诀是什么，故选B。 二、完形填空 Things are often invented because there is a need for them. A 14-year-old boy from Canada didn’t like wearing a hat to school, so when he 11 on a February morning and found the temperature was -30℃, he had a 12 . He didn’t want his ears to freeze to ice. To solve it, he made “heated ear muffs”! Bette Nesmith Graham was a typist (打字员), but she was not very good at typing. She often made mistakes in her work. To 13 her mistakes, she invented “Liquid Paper (修正液)”. It dried quickly and made her able to write on top of it 14 . To invent something isn’t necessarily difficult. The important thing is that it works and is 15 . Little Katie Harding, 5 years old, didn’t like walking to the school bus on 16 and rainy winter mornings. She kept walking into muddy puddles (泥坑) because she couldn’t see them, and so did her brother, who always walked with her and held the 17 over them. Katie’s simple but wonderful 18 was to fasten (使固定) a flashlight to the umbrella. The “Muddy Puddle Spotter” was born. Next time something doesn’t work in the way you want it to, do something about it! Things that have been invented can always be improved. New ideas can always be found. If you 19 , that’s OK. Then you know what doesn’t work! Somewhere out there, there is a new thing just 20 to be invented by you. 11．A．gave up B．hurried up C．woke up 12．A．secret B．symbol C．problem 13．A．break B．cover C．catch 14．A．correctly B．slowly C．politely 15．A．helpful B．careful C．interesting 16．A．dark B．dry C．hot 17．A．handbag B．umbrella C．balloon 18．A．style B．trouble C．idea 19．A．succeed B．challenge C．fail 20．A．waiting B．volunteering C．asking 【答案】 11．C 12．C 13．B 14．A 15．A 16．A 17．B 18．C 19．C 20．A 【导语】本文讲述了几项发明的由来，说明发明往往源于实际需求，且发明并不难，关键是实用。 11．句意：加拿大一名 14 岁的男孩不喜欢上学戴帽子，所以在二月的一个早晨，当他醒来发现气温低至零下 30 摄氏度时，遇到了一个难题。 gave up放弃；hurried up赶紧；woke up醒来。根据“on a February morning”可知，此处是指早晨醒来，描述的是起床后的状态。故选C。 12．句意：加拿大一名 14 岁的男孩不喜欢上学戴帽子，所以在二月的一个早晨，当他醒来发现气温低至零下 30 摄氏度时，遇到了一个难题。 secret秘密；symbol象征；problem问题。根据“He didn’t want his ears to freeze to ice”可知，气温极低不想耳朵冻僵，这是遇到的问题。故选C。 13．句意：为了掩盖她的错误，她发明了“修正液”。 break打破；cover掩盖；catch抓住。根据“she often made mistakes in her work”及“invented ‘Liquid Paper’”可知，修正液是用来掩盖打字错误的。故选B。 14．句意：它干得很快，让她能在上面正确书写。 correctly正确地；slowly缓慢地；politely礼貌地。根据“made her able to write on top of it”可知，修正液的作用是让错误处能被正确书写。故选A。 15．句意：重要的是它能起作用且有帮助。 helpful有帮助的；careful仔细的；interesting有趣的。根据“it works”可知，发明的关键是实用且有帮助。故选A。 16．句意：5岁的小凯蒂・哈丁不喜欢在黑暗多雨的冬日早晨走到校车站。 dark黑暗的；dry干燥的；hot炎热的。根据“winter mornings”及“she couldn’t see them”可知，冬日早晨光线暗，所以看不清泥坑。故选A。 17．句意：她总因为看不清泥坑而踩进去，和她一起走、帮她撑伞的哥哥也是如此。 handbag手提包；umbrella伞；balloon气球。根据“rainy winter mornings”及后文“fasten a flashlight to the umbrella”可知，下雨时会打伞。故选B。 18．句意：凯蒂简单却绝妙的主意是把手电筒固定在伞上。 style风格；trouble麻烦；idea主意。根据“to fasten a flashlight to the umbrella”可知，这是解决问题的主意。故选C。 19．句意：如果你失败了，没关系。 succeed成功；challenge挑战；fail失败。根据“Then you know what doesn’t work”可知，失败能让人知道什么方法不行。故选C。 20．句意：在某个地方，正有一样新东西等着被你发明。 waiting等待；volunteering自愿；asking询问。根据“a new thing just…to be invented by you”可知，新事物是等着被发明的。故选A。 三、短文填空 根据短文内容及所给提示, 补全文中单词或用所给单词的正确形式填空。 Taking trains is safe and comfortable. Maybe you 21._____________ (travel) on it for your holiday already. But do you know who invented it? George Stephenson was 22._____________ English engineer. He was born 23._____________ 1781 in a poor family. He had to start to work when he was only eight. When George was fourteen, his family made a 24._____________ (decide) to let him help his father with the work, so he became his 25._____________ (father) helper. His father often told him to do everything 26._____________ (careful) . He spent a lot of time 27._____________ (study) engines. And on holidays, he often took apart an engine and studied each part. In fact he made many 28 (discovery) . His father said that he never 29._____________ (regret) letting him doing so. Soon he became a very good worker. 30._____________he was seventeen, George began to learn English letters. On his 31._____________ (eighteen) birthday, he 32._____________ (write) his name for the first time in his life. Many things  33._____________ (invent) in George’s whole life. The train was the 34._____________ (great) one among them. Next time, when you take a train 35._____________one place to another, will you think of this great man? 【答案】 21．have traveled/have travelled 22．an 23．in 24．decision 25．father’s 26．carefully 27．studying 28．discoveries 29．regretted 30．When 31．eighteenth 32．wrote 33．were invented 34．greatest 35．from 【导语】本文介绍了伟大的发明家乔治·斯蒂芬森从贫困家庭出身，通过努力学习和工作，发明了很多东西，其中火车是他最伟大的发明之一。 21．句意：也许你已经坐它去度假了。根据“already”可知，时态为现在完成时，结构为have done；主语为you，助动词用have，travel的过去分词为traveled/travelled。故填have traveled/have travelled。 22．句意：乔治·斯蒂芬森是一位英国工程师。此处表示泛指，且English以元音音素开头，不定冠词用an。故填an。 23．句意：他于1781年出生在一个贫穷的家庭。年份前要用时间介词in。故填in。 24．句意：乔治十四岁的时候，他的家人决定让他帮父亲干活，于是他成了父亲的帮手。根据“made a ...”可知，此处应用decide的名词decision；make a decision to do sth.“决定做某事”。故填decision。 25．句意：乔治十四岁的时候，他的家人决定让他帮父亲干活，于是他成了父亲的帮手。father“父亲”，名词，此处修饰名词helper应用所有格形式，即father’s。故填father’s。 26．句意：他父亲经常告诉他做任何事都要认真。修饰动词do应用careful的副词carefully“认真地，小心地”。故填carefully。 27．句意：他花了很多时间研究发动机。根据spend time doing sth.“花时间做某事”可知，此处应用动名词，study的动名词为studying。故填studying。 28．句意：事实上，他有很多发现。many后接discovery的复数形式discoveries。故填discoveries。 29．句意：他的父亲说他从不后悔让他这样做。根据“His father said”可知，从句也要用一般过去时，动词regret应用过去式regretted。故填regretted。 30．句意：乔治十七岁时开始学习英文字母。根据“he was seventeen”可知，此处指当他17岁时，用when引导时间状语从句，句首首字母大写。故填When。 31．句意：在他十八岁生日那天，他平生第一次写下了自己的名字。根据“On his ... birthday,”可知，指某人多少岁生日应用序数词，eighteen的序数词为eighteenth。故填eighteenth。 32．句意：在他十八岁生日那天，他平生第一次写下了自己的名字。通读全文可知，全文的时态是一般过去时，故此处要用write的过去式wrote。故填wrote。 33．句意：乔治一生中发明了许多东西。分析句子可知，“Many things”与动词invent是被动关系，时态为一般过去时，故此处应用一般过去时的被动语态were done。故填were invented。 34．句意：火车就是其中最伟大的一个。根据“among them”和空前的定冠词the可知，此处应用great的最高级greatest。故填greatest。 35．句意：下次，当你坐火车从一个地方到另一个地方时，你会想起这位伟人吗？from...to...“从……到……”，固定短语。故填from。 四、阅读理解 In a field in England, three little robots have been given a great job: to find and kill grass before planting seeds in the soil. The robots are named Tom, Dick and Harry. Tom is the first of the three clever robots to start working. He watches the crops carefully and collects the information about each plant. He can create a short introduction to each plant and even make decisions on what chemicals are needed for your crops. Dick does the dirty work. He can go to each plant that is doing bad to the crops and take it out. Plants that are good for the crops are left. He can spray things like chemicals in order to keep plants healthy. Harry is a planter. He digs holes into the field and puts seeds into the ground, and records where he puts them. If a seed doesn’t grow, he can easily travel there and plants a new seed. The smart robots are made by Small Robot. The British company says farmers could reduce costs by 40% and chemical usage by up to 95%. The little robots allow farmers to free their soils from chemicals. Using fewer chemicals is going to save much money and is good for the environment. As well as reducing the use of chemicals, robots will bring us better soil quality and more plants and animals. “We have to change farming now, or else there won’t be anything to farm,” says Small Robot. 36．What can we know about the three robots from Paragraph 1? A．They are huge. B．They work in a field. C．They can plant seeds. D．They come from America. 37．Which may be used by Dick? A． B． C． D． 38．What is Paragraph 5 mainly about? A．The harm that chemicals cause. B．The cost farmers spend on farming. C．A famous company that produces robots. D．The advantages that the farming robots bring. 39．What is the structure for the passage? A．B． C． D． 40．What is the best title for the passage? A．Living a Modern Life B．The Changes on Farming C．Protecting the Plants D．The History of Robots 【答案】36．B 37．A 38．D 39．A 40．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍Small Robot公司生产的三款改变农作方式的农业智能机器人，主要是关于它们的不同功能和各自的不同工作任务。 36．细节理解题。根据第一段“In a field...three little robots...to find and kill grass...in the soil”可知，这三个机器人在农田工作，故选B。 37．细节理解题。根据“He can spray things like chemicals in order to keep plants healthy.”可知，Dick要用工具喷洒化学品，故选A。 38．主旨大意题。根据“The smart robots are made by Small Robot. The British company says farmers could reduce costs by 40% and chemical usage by up to 95%.”及后文的具体解释，可知本段主要讲的是农业机器人带来的好处。故选D。 39．篇章结构题。第一段和第六段是开头结尾，中间第二、三、四段各介绍一款机器人，这三段是并列关系，第五段是关于这三款机器人带来的好处。故选A。 40．最佳标题题。本文是关于三款改变农作方式的农业智能机器人，主要介绍它们具体的工作方式、任务及优势，标题应该是与农业机器人在当下农业的应用及改变有关，与B选项主题符合。故选B。 五、任务型阅读 3D printing is an amazing technology that has changed the way we make things. It was first invented in the 1980s and has developed a lot since then. The process of 3D printing is really interesting. First, we need to design a 3D model of the object we want to make using special computer software. Then, the 3D printer reads the model and starts to build the object layer by layer. It uses different materials like plastics, metals, or ceramics (陶瓷) to create the object. 3D printing has many great uses. It can be used in the medical field, the manufacturing (制造业) industry and so on. It can make parts for cars, airplanes, and other machines. It can also be used to make beautiful jewelry (珠宝) and toys. Another advantage of 3D printing is that it can save a lot of materials. Unlike traditional manufacturing methods where a lot of material is cut away and wasted, 3D printing only uses the amount of material needed to build the object. However, 3D printing also has some problems. The 3D printers and the materials can be quite expensive, so not everyone can afford them. Also, the printing speed is usually slower than traditional manufacturing methods, which means it takes more time to make a large number of products. In the future, 3D printing will probably become more and more popular and advanced. We may be able to print even more complex and useful things with it, like houses and even human organs. It will bring more convenience and possibilities to our lives. 41．When was 3D printing first invented? 42．What materials does 3D printing often use to create objects? 43．Where can 3D printing be used? 44．Is 3D printing speed usually faster or slower than traditional manufacturing methods? 45．Do you like 3D printing? Why or why not? 【答案】41．In the 1980s. 42．Plastics, metals, or ceramics. 43．In the medical field, the manufacturing industry and so on. 44．Slower. 45．Yes, I do. Because it has changed the way we make things. (答案不唯一，不管是用文中的还是自创的理由，合理即可) 【导语】本文介绍了3D打印技术。 41．根据“It was first invented in the 1980s and has developed a lot since then.”可知，它最早是在20世纪80年代发明的。故填In the 1980s. 42．根据“It uses different materials like plastics, metals, or ceramics (陶瓷) to create the object.”可知，它使用不同的材料，如塑料、金属或陶瓷来制造物体。故填Plastics, metals, or ceramics. 43．根据“3D printing has many great uses. It can be used in the medical field, the manufacturing (制造业) industry and so on.”可知，它可以被用在医疗领域，制造业等等。故填In the medical field, the manufacturing industry and so on. 44．根据“Also, the printing speed is usually slower than traditional manufacturing methods, which means it takes more time to make a large number of products.”可知，印刷速度通常比传统制造方法慢。故填Slower. 45．开放性习题，答案不唯一，参考答案为：Yes, I do. Because it has changed the way we make things. (答案不唯一，不管是用文中的还是自创的理由，合理即可) 六、补全对话 根据下面的对话情景，在空白处填入一个适当的句子，使对话的意思连贯、完整。 (Bob is calling Tina on the phone. ) Bob: Hello, Tina! What do you think of the show you went to yesterday? Tina: Great! It’s about the Four Great Inventions in China. Bob: 46._____________________________________ Tina: My favorite invention is the compass. It was also called “Si Nan” in ancient times. Bob: I’m quite interested in it. 47._____________________________________ Tina: In the past, it was used for showing people the direction. Bob: It’s really useful. 48._____________________________________ Tina: No one knows who invented it. Bob: I will go to see the show this Sunday. 49._____________________________________ Tina: Sure. You can take the No. 7 bus. Have a good time. Bob: 50._____________________________________ Goodbye. Tina: Bye. 【答案】46．Which invention do you like best? 47．What was it used for? 48．Who invented it? 49．Could you tell me how to get there? 50．Thank you. 【导语】本文是Bob和Tina的电话对话，围绕中国四大发明的展览展开，交流最喜欢的发明、发明的用途、发明者以及如何前往展览地等内容。 46．根据“My favorite invention is the compass.”可知，Bob询问Tina最喜欢的发明是什么，故填Which invention do you like best? 47．根据“In the past, it was used for showing people the direction.”可知，Bob询问它是用来做什么的。故填What was it used for? 48．根据“No one knows who invented it.”可知，Bob询问是谁发明的。故填Who invented it? 49．根据“Sure. You can take the No. 7 bus.”可知，Bob询问如何到达那里，故填Could you tell me how to get there? 50．根据“Have a good time.”可知，Bob需表达感谢。故填Thank you. Unit 4 Fun in the Sun 阶段复习一第 1 页 共 21 页 九年级 Unit 4 Topic 1第 2 页 共 21 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $