必修第一册 UNIT 4 NATURAL DISASTERS（课后提能案）-【优学精研】2026年高考英语一轮总复习学用word（人教版）

UNIT 4　NATURAL DISASTERS Ⅰ.阅读理解 A 　　Brushing my teeth， I heard what sounded like branches scraping （刮擦） the roof.I paused， wondering what it could be.Then I thought that must have been Hurricane Isabel， which was blowing her way through our city in September 2003. 　　Then I heard the sound of breaking glass.A second later， the entire house shook.My husband and I stared at each other in frozen horror before rushing to check on our baby daughter asleep in her bed.The sound had scared her awake — never had a cry sounded so sweet — and my husband gratefully snatched （抱起） her up and ran to the relative safety of our room. 　　Then we ventured out.My husband started the car while I hurried across the street to let a neighbour know we were okay and heading to a friend’s home.Shaking but grateful to be alive， we drove away. 　　The next morning， bright sunlight clearly displayed the storm’s destruction.We returned home to see that a giant tree in the center of our yard had effectively split our house in two！ 　　As we stood on the sidewalk wondering what to do， a local fire truck pulled up.The firefighters informed us that our home had received the worst damage in the city.When we meet neighbours for the first time， their eyes pop when they realise we live in the house the tree fell through. 　　In the days and weeks that followed， we remembered the feeling of relief when we realised that everyone in our lives who mattered was unscathed — me， my husband， our daughter and even our two pets. 　　Yes， we lost many things.But those things were replaceable and the damage was temporary. 　　Every so often we pull out the photos of the tree’s destruction and feel surprised at how blessed we were — and still are.Whenever we begin to feel ungrateful or unsatisfied with what we have， those photos and memories offer a reminder of how we came through that trial. 1.How did the author feel when she heard the baby crying？（　　） A.Sad.　　　　　　　 B.Curious. C.Surprised.　　　　　　　 D.Delighted. 2.What made the author and her husband survive the terrible accident？（　　） A.Their leaving home quickly. B.Their calling the firefighters. C.Their receiving help from neighbours. D.Their fighting with hurricane bravely. 3.What does the underlined word “unscathed” in Paragraph 6 mean？（　　） A.Not injured.　　 　 B.Not affected. C.Not included.　　 　　　 D.Not disturbed. 4.What’s the author’s purpose of writing the text？（　　） A.To describe a terrible natural disaster. B.To thank her neighbours and firefighters. C.To show the importance of being thankful. D.To tell us what to do in the face of a hurricane. B 　　（2025·皖豫名校联考）As the United Nations COP27 climate conference kicked off in Egypt， UN Secretary-General António Guterres claimed that the world is on a “highway to climate hell with our foot still on the accelerator （油门）”. To keep temperature from rising 1.5 degrees Celsius above preindustrial levels by 2100， we need to pump the brakes on greenhouse gas emissions.In fact， we’d basically have to bring the runaway truck to a complete and immediate stop.Now is the time for us to pull back before it is too late. 　　The climate pledges （承诺） made by nations at COP26 conference felt like a positive step in the right direction， but there’s very little doubt that the average temperature rise on Earth will exceed the 1.5 degree mark in the coming decades.Can we limit this overshoot？ And how might we do that？ 　　A study， released Thursday in the scientific journal Nature Climate Change， tried to answer those questions by modeling 27 different emissions reduction pathways of varying ambition.It came to an unsurprising conclusion： Countries need to act by increasing the ambition of their climate pledges.And they need to act now. 　　The 1.5 degree rise has long been seen as a critical mark in the fight against climate change.Since the signing of the Paris Agreement at COP21 ten years ago， scientists have rigorously studied how this level of warming above preindustrial temperatures would affect the Earth.The models and simulations they’ve built show we are likely to see more extreme weather events， in addition to glacial melt， sea level rise that threatens many low-lying Pacific nations and significant loss of biodiversity once temperatures push past an increase of 1.5 degrees. 　　Though the 1.5 degree target is practically dead， the situation isn’t hopeless.Now more than ever， there’s reason to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by setting more ambitious goals.However， ambition alone is not enough.We also need action — investing in renewables and technologies like carbon capture and rapidly transforming our energy systems and infrastructure. 5.What did António Guterres try to do in the first paragraph？（　　） A.Make a request. B.Issue a warning. C.Provide a solution. D.Offer a suggestion. 6.What was the conclusion of the study released in Nature Climate Change？（　　） A.The shortest answer is doing. B.Setting a goal is what matters. C.What’s done cannot be undone. D.Failing to plan is planning to fail. 7.What do the models and simulations the scientists have built intend to show？（　　） A.The consequences of rising temperatures. B.The problems with extreme weather events. C.The solutions to controlling global warming. D.The importance of protecting the environment. 8.How does the author end the passage？（　　） A.By sharing confidence and inspiring. B.By expressing concern and criticizing. C.By voicing doubts and making complaints. D.By spreading hope and appealing for action. C 　　（2024·1月浙江卷）On September 7， 1991， the costliest hailstorm （雹暴） in Canadian history hit Calgary’s southern suburbs.As a result， since 1996 a group of insurance companies have spent about $2 million per year on the Alberta Hail Suppression Project.Airplanes seed threatening storm cells with a chemical to make small ice crystals fall as rain before they can grow into dangerous hailstones.But farmers in east-central Alberta — downwind of the hail project flights — worry that precious moisture （水分） is being stolen from their thirsty land by the cloud seeding. 　　Norman Stienwand， who farms in that area， has been addressing public meetings on this issue for years.“Basically， the provincial government is letting the insurance companies protect the Calgary-Edmonton urban area from hail，” Mr.Stienwand says， “but they’re increasing drought risk as far east as Saskatchewan.” 　　The Alberta hail project is managed by Terry Krauss， a cloud physicist who works for Weather Modification Inc.of Fargo， North Dakota.“We affect only a very small percentage of the total moisture in the air， so we cannot be causing drought，” Dr.Krauss says.“In fact， we may be helping increase the moisture downwind by creating wetter ground.” 　　One doubter about the safety of cloud seeding is Chuck Doswell， a research scientist who just retired from the University of Oklahoma.“In 1999， I personally saw significant tornadoes （龙卷风） form from a seeded storm cell in Kansas，” Dr.Doswell says.“Does cloud seeding create killer storms or reduce moisture downwind？ No one really knows， of course， but the seeding goes on.” 　　Given the degree of doubt， Mr.Stienwand suggests， “it would be wise to stop cloud seeding.” In practice， doubt has had the opposite effect.Due to the lack of scientific proof concerning their impacts， no one has succeeded in winning a lawsuit against cloud-seeding companies.Hence， private climate engineering can proceed in relative legal safety. 9.What does the project aim to do？（　　） A.Conserve moisture in the soil.　　　　　　　　　 B.Prevent the formation of hailstones. C.Forecast disastrous hailstorms. D.Investigate chemical use in farming. 10.Who are opposed to the project？（　　） A.Farmers in east-central Alberta. B.Managers of insurance companies. C.Provincial government officials. D.Residents of Calgary and Edmonton. 11.Why does Dr.Doswell mention the tornadoes he saw in 1999？（　　） A.To compare different kinds of seeding methods. B.To illustrate the development of big hailstorms. C.To indicate a possible danger of cloud seeding. D.To show the link between storms and moisture. 12.What can we infer from the last paragraph？（　　） A.Scientific studies have proved Stienwand right. B.Private climate engineering is illegal in Canada. C.The doubt about cloud seeding has disappeared. D.Cloud-seeding companies will continue to exist. Ⅱ.阅读七选五 　　A low-carbon lifestyle is one that aims to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and minimize the impact of human activities on the climate.13.（　　）， such as using renewable energy， eating less meat， traveling by public transport， recycling， and planting trees.But what are the benefits and challenges of adopting a low-carbon lifestyle？ 　　One of the main benefits of adopting a low-carbon lifestyle is that it can help to protect the environment.By reducing your carbon footprint， you can contribute to lowering the global temperature， preserving natural resources， preventing biodiversity loss， and improving air quality.14.（　　）， and support the transition to a circular economy， where materials are reused and recycled instead of being thrown away. 　　Another benefit of adopting a low-carbon lifestyle is that it can improve your health and wellbeing.15.（　　）.A low-carbon lifestyle can also enhance your social and emotional wellbeing， by fostering a sense of community， purpose， and satisfaction. 　　16.（　　）.One of the main challenges is to change your habits and behaviors， which can be influenced by various factors， such as culture， convenience， comfort， and cost.For example， you may find it hard to give up your car， your favorite food， or your fast fashion purchases， even if you know they are harmful to the environment. 　　Despite the challenges， adopting a low-carbon lifestyle is possible and rewarding.17.（　　）.Seek inspiration and support from others who have adopted a low-carbon lifestyle， as well as from experts or organizations that can help you with your projects.Additionally， be creative and flexible with your lifestyle by experimenting with different options and solutions.Finally， embrace the diversity and richness of a low-carbon lifestyle to enjoy the variety and novelty of your experiences. A.It can involve various choices and actions B.Changing habits and behaviours isn’t difficult C.A low-carbon lifestyle can also reduce waste and pollution D.However， adopting a low-carbon lifestyle is not always easy E.More and more people choose to adopt a low-carbon lifestyle F.First of all， you need to start small by setting realistic and measurable goals G.Many low-carbon activities， such as walking， cycling， and gardening， can boost your physical and mental fitness 4 / 4 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ UNIT 4　NATURAL DISASTERS Ⅰ. 语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。一次空前的飓风突然袭来，作者一家人死里逃生。大难不死的作者深深地为自己的幸运而感恩。 1.D　推理判断题。根据第二段可知，作者听到孩子的哭声后认为那是最甜美的声音——因为自己的女儿还活着。由此判断，她当时感到庆幸和高兴。 2.A　推理判断题。根据第二至四段可知，作者一家之所以能够死里逃生，主要是因为他们当时做出的明智决定——快速离家去投奔朋友。 3.A　词义猜测题。根据上下文可知，飓风结束了，作者一家人平安无事。 4.C　写作意图题。根据最后一段可知，作者通过分享他们一家人死里逃生的经历，主要表达了一种感恩的心情。 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。在第27届联合国气候变化大会（COP27）上，联合国秘书长安东尼奥·古特雷斯发出警告：世界正走在“通往气候地狱的高速公路上，我们的脚还踩在油门上”。 5.B　段落大意题。根据第一段可知，António Guterres主要给我们发出警告：要马上急刹车停止像现在这样排放温室气体，实现将全球升温限制在1.5摄氏度的目标，否则人类可能将自我毁灭。 6.A　细节理解题。根据第三段可知，周四发表在科学杂志《自然气候变化》上的一项研究试图通过模拟27种不同的减排路径来回答这些问题。这项研究得出了一个不足为奇的结论：各国需要采取行动，加强其控制温室气体排放的力度。他们现在就需要马上行动起来。 7.A　推理判断题。根据第四段可知，科学家们建立的模型和模拟显示，一旦气温上升超过1.5度，会产生各种后果，包括冰川融化、许多地势较低的太平洋国家的海平面上升、生物多样性的重大损失，以及更多极端天气事件。 8.D　推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，作者最后指出，虽然目前的形势非常严峻，但并非完全绝望；重要的是立刻行动起来，光有目标和决心是不够的。 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了加拿大艾伯塔地区的防雹干预计划，以及不同相关方对该计划的不同态度。 9.B　细节理解题。根据第一段第三句可知，飞机通过向有威胁性的风暴云播撒一种化学物质，使得小冰晶在变成危险的冰雹之前先变成雨落下，即这一计划旨在防止冰雹的形成。 10.A　细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句可知，Alberta中东部的农民担心播云会带走他们干旱土地中的宝贵水分，即艾伯塔省中东部的农民是反对这一计划的。 11.C　目的意图题。根据第四段第一句中的One doubter about the safety of cloud seeding is Chuck Doswell可知，Doswell博士对播云的安全性持怀疑态度。接着他提到1999年目睹的由一个已经被播撒了化学物质的风暴单体形成的巨大龙卷风。随后他又提出疑问：怀疑播云会产生致命的风暴或减少下风处的水分。由此推断，Doswell博士提到1999年的龙卷风是为了表明播云可能存在的风险。 12.D　推理判断题。根据文章末句可知，私营的气候工程公司可以在相对合法的安全环境中继续进行下去，也就是这些公司会继续存在下去。 Ⅱ. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。低碳生活不仅有利于环境保护，还有益于我们的身心健康。虽然选择低碳生活会面临很多挑战，但这些付出是值得的。 13.A　下文such as using renewable energy， eating less meat ...列举了低碳生活的各种具体形式，故A项符合语境。A项中的It指代上文提到的A low-carbon lifestyle。 14.C　本段主要说明低碳生活方式对环境保护带来的好处，故C项符合语境。 15.G　根据上下文可知，本段主要说明低碳生活方式对身心健康带来的好处，故G项符合语境。 16.D　本段主要说明选择低碳生活并非易事，我们会面对很多挑战——其中一大挑战是习惯和行为的改变。故D项适合作为本段的主题句。 17.F　结合下文中出现的Additionally以及Finally可知，本段主要就我们如何开始低碳生活提出具体建议，故F项符合语境。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $