专题05 阅读理解（说明文）（期末真题汇编，浙江专用）高三英语上学期

专题05 阅读理解（说明文） 主题01 人与自我——生活与学习 Passage 1 （浙江省富阳中学2025-2026学年高三上学期第四次三校联考英语试题）Carl Behnke, a food safety expert at Purdue University, had always wondered how clean his reusable water bottle was. After stuffing paper towels inside and pulling them out, he was shocked to see how dirty they became. This inspired him to design a study. Behnke and colleagues stopped passers-by in a corridor at Purdue and asked if they would be happy to loan their water bottles to them as part of their research—to see how clean they were. “One thing that stood out from the project was the number of people who didn’t want to know the results,” recalls Behnke. “Basically, they knew that their cleaning habits were poor to non-existent—something the data later confirmed.” Research shows that reusable water bottles can harbor millions of bacteria. A study found that water in bottles used by adults went from about 75,000 bacteria per milliliter in the morning to over 1-2 million by the end of the day. Contamination often comes from the drinker’s hands, mouth, and the outside of the bottle. Those who don’t wash their hands regularly may introduce harmful germs like E. coli into their bottles. While most bacteria are harmless, they can pose risks, especially for individuals with weakened immune systems. Additionally, drinks that contain sugar can feed bacteria, promoting growth and making the situation worse. Although serious illnesses from reusable bottles are rare, it’s still crucial to maintain good hygiene (卫生). To reduce bacterial growth, it’s recommended to clean your water bottle regularly. Behnke’s research indicated that participants who used brushes or dishwashers had the lowest bacteria counts. Cleaning should involve hot water and soap, letting the bottle sit for about ten minutes before rinsing (彻底冲洗) thoroughly. It’s essential to let the bottle air-dry to prevent moisture (水分) buildup, which encourages bacteria. And proper handwashing before touching your clean bottle can also help minimize contamination. 1．What can be inferred about the participants according to paragraph 2? A．They actively engaged in the study. B．They were aware of their poor hygiene. C．They thought the study was unnecessary. D．They were confident about the study results. 2．What does the underlined word “Contamination” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Infection. B．Purification. C．Destruction. D．Pollution. 3．What’s a recommended approach to reducing bacteria growth? A．Using brushes with hot soapy water. B．Wiping with clean dry towels. C．Rinsing for about ten minutes each time. D．Washing hands regularly with soap. 4．What can be the best title of the text? A．Are You Using the Right Water Bottle? B．Does Your Water Bottle Make You Sick? C．Are You Cleaning Your Water Bottle Enough? D．Should You Stop Using Reusable Water Bottle? 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．A 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是一项关于水杯含很多细菌的研究，并提出了应该怎么正确地清洁水杯。 1．推理判断题。根据第二段““One thing that stood out from the project was the number of people who didn’t want to know the results,” recalls Behnke. “Basically, they knew that their cleaning habits were poor to non-existent—something the data later confirmed.”(Behnke回忆说：“这个项目中最突出的一点是，很多人不想知道结果。”“基本上，他们知道自己的清洁习惯很差，甚至根本不存在——后来的数据证实了这一点。”)”可知，参与者意识到自己的卫生状况很差。故选B。 2．词句猜测题。根据第三段“Research shows that reusable water bottles can harbor millions of bacteria. A study found that water in bottles used by adults went from about 75,000 bacteria per milliliter in the morning to over 1-2 million by the end of the day.(研究表明，可重复使用的水瓶可能藏有数百万细菌。一项研究发现，成年人使用的瓶装水从早上的每毫升7.5万个细菌增加到一天结束时的每毫升超过1-200万个细菌。)”可知，瓶装水有很多细菌，划线词所在句子说明了污染物的来源，表示“污染通常来自饮水者的手、嘴和瓶子的外部”，Contamination的意思是“污染”，和Pollution意思相近。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据最后一段“To reduce bacterial growth, it’s recommended to clean your water bottle regularly. Behnke’s research indicated that participants who used brushes or dishwashers had the lowest bacteria counts. Cleaning should involve hot water and soap, letting the bottle sit for about ten minutes before rinsing thoroughly.(为减少细菌滋生，建议定期清洗水杯。Behnke的研究表明，使用刷子或洗碗机清洗的参与者，其水杯中的细菌数量最少。清洗时应使用热水和肥皂，让水杯静置约十分钟后再彻底冲洗干净。)”可知，减少细菌生长的推荐方法是用热肥皂水和刷子。故选A。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是最后一段“To reduce bacterial growth, it’s recommended to clean your water bottle regularly. Behnke’s research indicated that participants who used brushes or dishwashers had the lowest bacteria counts. Cleaning should involve hot water and soap, letting the bottle sit for about ten minutes before rinsing thoroughly. It’s essential to let the bottle air-dry to prevent moisture buildup, which encourages bacteria. And proper handwashing before touching your clean bottle can also help minimize contamination.(为减少细菌滋生，建议定期清洗你的水杯。Behnke的研究表明，使用刷子或洗碗机清洗的参与者，其水杯中的细菌数量最少。清洗时应使用热水和肥皂，让水杯静置约十分钟后再彻底冲洗干净。让水杯自然晾干至关重要，这能防止水分积聚，因为水分积聚会滋生细菌。此外，在接触清洗干净的水杯前正确洗手也有助于最大程度减少污染。)”可知，本文主要讲的是一项关于水杯含很多细菌的研究，并提出了应该怎么正确地清洁水杯，因此最好的题目是C选项“Are You Cleaning Your Water Bottle Enough?(你对水杯的清洁够到位吗？)”。故选C。 Passage 2 （2026届浙江省ZDB联盟高三一模英语试题）When we think about high school’s lasting impact, we often focus on grade point averages, extracurricular activities, and close friendships. But according to a new study, the influence of high school stretches far beyond the teenage years and into our very bodies. The study tracked a nationally representative sample of individuals who were high school sophomores (二年级的) and seniors in 1980. Researchers followed these participants into their early 50s and found strong links between high school experience and midlife body mass index (BMI). This relationship held even when accounting for college education, academic attainment, and weight during high school itself. This research argues that high schools are more than institutions of learning — they are health shapers. For decades, we’ve known that educational attainment is linked to health outcomes, including weight. But this study pushes the timeline back, suggesting that the process of becoming educated — especially the early stages that happen in high school — is just as crucial. So, what parts of high school matter? It turns out that attending private schools, being in high socioeconomic status (High-SES) environments, and enrolling in advanced curricular tracks were associated with lower midlife BMI, especially for women. These factors weren’t just minor contributors; they maintained their influence even after researchers controlled for a host of variables like college degrees and adult income. Interestingly, popularity during high school also played a role for women. In a society where women and girls face heightened pressure around body image, early social acceptance may help establish healthier long-term habits and body ideals. The gender differences in this study are striking. For women, both family and school SES, along with popularity, were significantly linked to adult weight. For men, the connection existed but was less pronounced. One possible reason? The cultural landscape. Girls and women often deal with more pressure to be thin and face harsher judgment about their weight than boys and men. These pressures likely strengthen how high school experiences — both academic and social — shape long-term behaviors and self-perceptions. 1．What does the study mainly reveal about high schools? A．They predict academic success. B．They foster social relationships. C．They determine career achievements. D．They shape long- term physical health. 2．Which factor relates to lower adult BMI for women? A．Adult income status. B．High school popularity. C．College degree level. D．High school sports activities. 3．Why do gender differences exist in findings? A．Social expectations. B．Economic policies. C．Educational resources. D．Biological distinctions. 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Gender Differences in Educational Environments B．The Link Between School Grades and Adult Success C．High School’s Long- Term Impact on Physical Health D．The Role of Social Activities in adolescent Development 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．A 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项新的研究，该研究揭示了高中经历对中年身体质量指数(BMI)的长期影响，强调了高中不仅是学习场所，还是健康塑造的重要阶段。 1．细节理解题。根据第三段“This research argues that high schools are more than institutions of learning — they are health shapers. For decades, we’ve known that educational attainment is linked to health outcomes, including weight. But this study pushes the timeline back, suggesting that the process of becoming educated — especially the early stages that happen in high school — is just as crucial. (这项研究认为，高中不仅仅是学习机构，它们还是健康的塑造者。几十年来，我们已经知道教育程度与健康结果有关，包括体重。但这项研究将时间线退回，表明接受教育的过程，尤其是发生在高中的早期阶段，同样至关重要)”可知，这项研究主要揭示了高中对长期身体健康的影响。故选D项。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段中“It turns out that attending private schools, being in high socioeconomic status (High-SES) environments, and enrolling in advanced curricular tracks were associated with lower midlife BMI, especially for women.(结果是就读私立学校、处于高社会经济地位环境以及参加进阶课程，与中年时期较低的体重指数(尤其在女性中)存在关联)”和第五段“Interestingly, popularity during high school also played a role for women. In a society where women and girls face heightened pressure around body image, early social acceptance may help establish healthier long-term habits and body ideals. (有趣的是，高中时期的受欢迎程度对女性也会产生影响。在一个女性和女孩面临更严苛身材压力的社会里，早期的社会认同或许有助于建立更健康的长期习惯与身体审美观念)”可知，对女性来说，高中时期的受欢迎程度也与成年后较低的BMI有关。故选B项。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段“The gender differences in this study are striking. For women, both family and school SES, along with popularity, were significantly linked to adult weight. For men, the connection existed but was less pronounced. One possible reason? The cultural landscape. Girls and women often deal with more pressure to be thin and face harsher judgment about their weight than boys and men. These pressures likely strengthen how high school experiences — both academic and social — shape long-term behaviors and self-perceptions. (这项研究揭示的性别差异令人瞩目。对女性而言，家庭与学校的社会经济地位以及受欢迎程度，均与成年体重显著相关；男性虽也存在这种关联，却远不如女性明显。潜在原因何在？文化环境使然。相较于男性，女性往往承受着更严苛的瘦身压力与体重评判，这种社会压力很可能强化了高中阶段学业与社交经历对长期行为模式及自我认知的塑造作用)”可知，研究发现中存在性别差异是因为社会期望，女孩和女性往往面临更大的减肥压力和更严苛的评判。故选A项。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第三段“This research argues that high schools are more than institutions of learning — they are health shapers. For decades, we’ve known that educational attainment is linked to health outcomes, including weight. But this study pushes the timeline back, suggesting that the process of becoming educated — especially the early stages that happen in high school — is just as crucial. (这项研究认为，高中不仅仅是学习机构，它们还是健康的塑造者。几十年来，我们已经知道教育程度与健康结果有关，包括体重。但这项研究将时间线提前，表明接受教育的过程，尤其是发生在高中的早期阶段，同样至关重要)”可知，文章主要介绍了一项新的研究，该研究揭示了高中经历对中年身体质量指数(BMI)的长期影响，强调了高中不仅是学习场所，还是健康塑造的重要阶段。故C项“High School’s Long-Term Impact on Physical Health (高中对身体健康的长期影响)”能够概括文章主旨，适合作为文章标题。故选C项。 Passage 3 （浙江省杭州第二中学2025-2026学年高三上学期10月月考英语试题）We all pursue an ideal weight number for health and confidence, often using childhood memories, online calculators or BMI charts. However, Dr. Yoni Freedhoff warns these methods fail to consider individual differences. Our bodies change dramatically with age due to metabolism (新陈代谢) and lifestyle. For decades, Body Mass Index (BMI) dominated weight assessments. This simple height-weight calculation sorts people from underweight to overweight. Yet Dr. Melanie Jay from NYU points out its problems: BMI gives the same ranges for 20-year-old athletes and 70-year-old grandparents. It ignores muscle mass, bone density, and health conditions, sometimes regarding fit individuals as overweight. Recent studies show that nearly 30% of people classified as overweight by BMI actually have healthy body fat percentages and normal metabolic profiles. Newer metrics like the Body Roundness Index (BRI) focus on waist size instead of weight. “Belly fat is more dangerous than overall weight,” says Dr. Jay. Research indicates fat around organs produces harmful chemicals linked to diabetes and heart disease. However, even BRI has limitations — it can’t distinguish between fat types or account for medical conditions affecting belly size, such as digestive disorders. Doctors increasingly emphasize overall health markers over specific weights. “Instead of focusing on a’magic number,’ we examine blood pressure, cholesterol (胆固醇), sleep quality and energy levels,” notes Dr. Jay. For those with weight-related conditions, even 5-10% weight loss can significantly improve health. A 2023 study found patients who achieved modest weight reduction showed better health markers than those pursuing extreme weight loss. The healthiest weight, experts agree, isn’t found on charts but through sustainable habits. “When you eat nutritiously and stay active, your body finds its natural healthy weight,” advises Dr. Freedhoff. For some, medications or surgery may help, but the real goal is lifestyle change — not to achieve an ideal number on your scale. True health,after all, is measured not by a momentary reading on a scale, but by the daily choices that nourish both body and life. 1．Why does the author mention 20-year-old athletes and 70-year-old grandparents? A．To show BMI’s limitations. B．To prove BMI’s popularity. C．To describe BMI’s main users. D．To introduce BMI’s target group. 2．What is the main advantage of BRI? A．It clarifies different kinds of fat. B．It evaluates all types of body fat. C．It measures highly risky body fat. D．It identifies harmful chemicals in fat. 3．What is Dr. Jay’s suggestion for weight assessment? A．Stopping using BMI. B．Focusing on specific weights. C．Considering multiple health signs. D．Adopting rapid weight loss approaches. 4．What does the author think of people’s pursuing an ideal weight number? A．Reasonable. B．Unhelpful. C．Dangerous. D．Practical. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．C 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章指出人们常用童年记忆、BMI 等方式追求理想体重，但这些方法忽视个体差异；分析 BMI（未考虑年龄、肌肉量等）和 BRI（未区分脂肪类型）的局限性，强调医生应关注整体健康指标（血压、胆固醇等），并指出健康体重源于可持续生活习惯，而非数字。 1．推理判断题。根据第二段中“Yet Dr. Melanie Jay from NYU points out its problems: BMI gives the same ranges for 20-year-old athletes and 70-year-old grandparents. It ignores muscle mass, bone density, and health conditions, sometimes regarding fit individuals as overweight.( 然而，纽约大学的梅勒妮·杰伊（Melanie Jay）博士指出了它的问题：BMI给出的范围与20岁的运动员和70岁的祖父母相同。它忽略了肌肉量、骨密度和健康状况，有时将健康的人视为超重。)”可知，提及“20 岁运动员与 70 岁祖父母”是为了举例说明 BMI 的局限性 —— 对不同年龄、身体状况的人使用相同标准。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Newer metrics like the Body Roundness Index (BRI) focus on waist size instead of weight. “Belly fat is more dangerous than overall weight,” says Dr. Jay. Research indicates fat around organs produces harmful chemicals linked to diabetes and heart disease.( 像身体圆度指数（BRI）这样的新指标关注的是腰围而不是体重。“腹部脂肪比整体体重更危险，”杰伊博士说。研究表明，器官周围的脂肪会产生与糖尿病和心脏病有关的有害化学物质。)”可知，BRI 的优势是“关注腰围（即内脏脂肪），而内脏脂肪比整体体重更危险”，即测量高风险脂肪。故选 C。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段中““Instead of focusing on a’magic number,’ we examine blood pressure, cholesterol (胆固醇), sleep quality and energy levels,” notes Dr. Jay.( 杰伊博士指出：“我们不是把注意力集中在一个‘神奇的数字’上，而是检查血压、胆固醇、睡眠质量和能量水平。”)”可知，杰伊博士建议“关注血压、胆固醇等多种健康指标，而非单一体重数字”。故选 C。 4．推理判断题。根据第一段中“However, Dr. Yoni Freedhoff warns these methods fail to consider individual differences.( 然而，Yoni Freedhoff博士警告说，这些方法没有考虑到个体差异。)”、第二段中“It ignores muscle mass, bone density, and health conditions, sometimes regarding fit individuals as overweight. Recent studies show that nearly 30% of people classified as overweight by BMI actually have healthy body fat percentages and normal metabolic profiles.( 它忽略了肌肉量、骨密度和健康状况，有时将健康的人视为超重。最近的研究表明，近30%被BMI分类为超重的人实际上有健康的体脂百分比和正常的代谢谱。)”及最后一段中“The healthiest weight, experts agree, isn’t found on charts but through sustainable habits.( 专家们一致认为，最健康的体重不是在图表上找到的，而是通过可持续的习惯找到的。)”可知，作者认为“追求理想体重数字”的方法存在缺陷，且健康体重源于习惯而非数字，故该行为“无帮助”。故选B。 主题02 人与自我——做人与做事 Passage 1 （2026届浙江省杭州市上城区等5地高三一模英语试题）“When my husband does the dishes he always leaves some plates in the sink, some surface unwiped. I tried to correct the behavior until I remembered that if I finish everything in my Work in Progress folder I’m afraid I’ll die,” Sarah Manguso once said. Yet the truth is that completion recharges energy, rather than using it up. Perfectionists love to begin new projects, because as long as you haven’t done any work on a project, it’s possible to believe that the end result might match the ideal in your mind. By contrast, finishing things means struggling your way through the messy, imperfect reality. Social psychologists describe what’s going on here with “construal level theory”, which refers to the way we envision objects and events from different mental altitudes. For example, when considering how to spend your next summer holiday, you’re likely to picture it from 30,000 feet — “going to the beach”, or “hiking in the mountains”. But when it nears, you start focusing on details like which beach, or mountain trails. Similarly, any major undertaking starts as outlines, smooth; only when digging in do you face imperfections and then mistakenly assume that a new project might be free of them. And yet, in reality, repeatedly starting but rarely finishing things is a recipe for suffering. People think finishing things “would exhaust even more of their energy and they get tired just thinking about it”, Steve Chandler writes. They don’t see “that leaving things unfinished is what’s causing the low levels of energy”. The trick to finishing things is simply to redefine what counts as finished. Instead of viewing a project’s completion as only occasional, after days or weeks of work, think of your days as sequential (连续的) small “deliverables.” Each ending provides an energy-boost for the next. “Work is done, then forgotten,” says the Tao Te Ching (《道德经》), “Therefore it lasts forever.” You’re no longer fighting the current, but letting it carry you forward. 1．According to paragraph 2, perfectionists ________. A．see a job through its end B．tend to start new projects repeatedly C．focus not on the result but on the process D．solve problems efficiently without much effort 2．Which is the best understanding of “construal level theory”? A．Early plan simplifies tasks. B．Unfinished work exhausts energy. C．Abstract goals are less motivating. D．Judgement shifts with mental distance. 3．What does the underlined word “deliverables” in paragraph 5 probably refer to? A．Tracking tools. B．Valuable parcels. C．Finished tasks. D．Demanding projects. 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．The Truth of Completion B．The Power of Imperfection C．A Guide to Starting Projects D．Perfectionism in Daily Work 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．C 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章通过心理学理论分析完美主义者逃避完成项目的原因，指出未完成事项反而消耗能量，并建议将大任务拆解为小型可交付的成果，以通过连续完成获得动力。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Perfectionists love to begin new projects, because as long as you haven’t done any work on a project, it’s possible to believe that the end result might match the ideal in your mind. (完美主义者喜欢开始新项目，因为只要还没真正着手去做，他们就可能相信最终结果会符合心中的理想)”可知，完美主义者倾向于反复开始新项目。故选B项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Social psychologists describe what’s going on here with “construal level theory”, which refers to the way we envision objects and events from different mental altitudes. For example, when considering how to spend your next summer holiday, you’re likely to picture it from 30,000 feet — “going to the beach”, or “hiking in the mountains”. But when it nears, you start focusing on details like which beach, or mountain trails. (社会心理学家用“解释水平理论”来描述这里发生的事情，它指的是我们从不同的心理高度想象物体和事件的方式。例如，当考虑如何度过你的下一个暑假时，你可能会从3万英尺的高空想象它——“去海滩”，或者“在山上徒步旅行”。但当它临近时，你开始关注细节，比如哪个海滩或山间小径)”可知，该理论核心是判断随着心理距离的变化而变化。故选D项。 3．词句猜测题。根据画线词的上文“The trick to finishing things is simply to redefine what counts as finished. Instead of viewing a project’s completion as only occasional (完成事情的诀窍很简单，就是重新定义什么是完成。不要把一个项目的完成看成是偶然的)”和下文“Each ending provides an energy-boost for the next. (每个结束都会为下一个提供能量)”可知，此处建议改变对完成的看法，强调完成可以持续带来能量，由此推知，画线词所在句是建议化大为小，把日子想象成连续的小的“可交付成果”，画线词意思是“已完成的任务”。故选C项。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中“Yet the truth is that completion recharges energy, rather than using it up. (然而，事实是，完成任务可以补充能量，而不是耗尽能量)”可知，文章围绕“完成”的真实意义展开，批判完美主义者的只开始不完成行为，解释未完成事项实际消耗能量，最后提出重新定义完成的解决方案。因此，A项“完成的真相”最契合文章主旨，适合作为文章标题。故选A项。 Passage 2 （2026届浙江省浙江省新阵地教育联盟高三上学期第一次模拟预测英语试题）Why do some people feel such a strong bond with celebrities, and what does this reveal about their personality and values? A new study published in the International Journal of Psychology has found that people who strongly admire celebrities tend to score higher in both materialism and narcissism (自恋). The study also found that people who perceive themselves as similar to their favorite celebrity are more likely to have these attitudes. The study, conducted by Davis, Locker, and Williams, recruited 215 undergraduates, mostly women, who completed a battery of questionnaires measuring their attitudes toward celebrities, materialistic values, and narcissistic tendencies. Participants also answered newly created questions that assessed how similar they felt to their favorite celebrity in terms of personality, appearance, or lifestyle. Celebrity worship was assessed with the Celebrity Attitude Scale (量表). Materialism was measured by examining how much value people place on owning things, how important possessions are to their identity, and whether they believe material goods make them happier. Narcissism was measured in two forms: grandiose narcissism (characterized by confidence, entitlement, and dominance) and vulnerable narcissism (marked by insecurity, sensitivity to criticism, and a preoccupation with self-image). The results showed a consistent relationship between celebrity worship and materialism. People who scored higher on celebrity worship also tended to place greater importance on money, status, and possessions. When it came to narcissism, only the vulnerable type, people with higher levels of emotional insecurity and self-focus, were more likely to feel strongly connected to celebrities. Most importantly, perceived similarity — whether in appearance, behavior, or personality — stood out as one of the strongest predictors of celebrity worship. The researchers concluded, “celebrity worship is a complex construct, but perceived similarity with a favorite celebrity and vulnerable narcissism may be fruitful avenues for future research.” Still, an important question remains: do people idolize celebrities because they already feel similar to them, or do they start to see themselves as similar after forming an emotional attachment? 1．What is paragraph 2 about? A．The research background. B．The research subjects. C．The research results. D．The research method. 2．According to the study, who are more likely to worship celebrities? A．Those indifferent to wealth and social status. B．Those valuing self-confidence and dominance. C．Those emotionally insecure and self-focused. D．Those seeking spiritual growth beyond possessions. 3．According to the researchers, what might be a direction of future research? A．Celebrity worship. B．Grandiose narcissism. C．Materialism. D．Perceived similarity. 4．What is the main purpose of the text? A．To explain celebrity worship psychology. B．To warn against the dangers of celebrity culture. C．To criticize celebrity materialism and narcissism. D．To describe scales for measuring personality traits. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．D 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项研究表明，名人崇拜与物质主义及脆弱型自恋显著相关，且感知相似性是重要预测因素，研究者建议未来探索感知相似度与脆弱型自恋的深层作用机制。 1．主旨大意题。根据第二段“The study, conducted by Davis, Locker, and Williams, recruited 215 undergraduates, mostly women, who completed a battery of questionnaires measuring their attitudes toward celebrities, materialistic values, and narcissistic tendencies. Participants also answered newly created questions that assessed how similar they felt to their favorite celebrity in terms of personality, appearance, or lifestyle. (该研究由Davis、Locker和Williams进行，招募了215名主要为女性的本科生，他们完成了一系列问卷，测量对名人的态度、物质主义价值观和自恋倾向。参与者还回答了一些新设计的问题，评估他们觉得自己与最喜爱的名人在个性、外貌或生活方式上的相似度)”可知，该段主要介绍了研究方法，说明数据收集方式和测量内容。故选D项。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段中“When it came to narcissism, only the vulnerable type, people with higher levels of emotional insecurity and self-focus, were more likely to feel strongly connected to celebrities. (在自恋方面，只有脆弱型自恋者——即情感上更缺乏安全感且自我关注度高的人——更容易与名人产生强烈关联)”可知，根据研究，情感上缺乏安全感且过度自我关注的人更可能崇拜名人。故选C项。 3．细节理解题。根据最后一段中研究者所说的话“celebrity worship is a complex construct, but perceived similarity with a favorite celebrity and vulnerable narcissism may be fruitful avenues for future research. (名人崇拜是一个复杂的构念，但与喜爱名人的感知相似度和脆弱型自恋可能是未来研究的有效方向)”可知，研究者认为，未来研究可能关注感知相似度。故选D项。 4．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中“Why do some people feel such a strong bond with celebrities, and what does this reveal about their personality and values? (为什么有些人会对名人产生如此强烈的情感联结？这种现象又揭示了他们怎样的个性和价值观？)”可知，全文围绕一项针对名人崇拜心理的研究展开，该研究揭示了这种心理与物质主义、自恋（尤其是脆弱型）及感知相似度的关系，并指出未来研究方向。由此推知，本文的主要目的是解释名人崇拜的心理。故选A项。 Passage 3 （2026届浙江省ZFJ联盟高三上学期第一次联考英语试题）As we enter a period of profound economic uncertainty, presaged (预示) by recent high-profile layoffs and a culture of “quiet quitting”, thinking about the future of work might well seem a daunting (令人生畏的) prospect. Indeed, an ever-increasing digital skills gap threatens to stop businesses adopting the game-changing technologies that will help to power growth in the months and years ahead. For instance, with each exciting new technology comes a growing concern about whether we have a digitally savvy (精明的) workforce ready to take advantage of it. After all, keeping the workforce up to speed with the latest advances is a key element of the digital transformation process, which will prove essential if we hope to improve business productivity and efficiency alongside our efforts to achieve sustained growth. Likewise, at the World Economic Forum’s annual meeting in Davos, the cybersecurity skills gap was named as one particular area of concern. There’s good reason for this focus: if businesses can’t protect themselves against external threats, they risk going backwards. And that’s before they even start thinking about achieving growth. This is why we need to address the digital skills gap urgently. Well, we should start by changing the narrative to help us recruit and retain from a more diverse pool of talent, giving businesses a far better chance of finding the up-to-date digital skills they need. And, when it comes to engaging and empowering the current workforce, learning and development opportunities will be key, helping employees to improve their skills for the benefit of both themselves and their employers. To make this all happen, leaders and employers must demonstrate a commitment to teaching their workforces digital skills by setting clear expectations and providing all the resources required. One approach, for example, would be to focus on the potential in the existing talent pool by identifying those already skilled in digital capabilities and supporting them to up skill their colleagues. Creating a culture of learning, with an emphasis on personal growth, can be an impressive motivator in the workplace. Of course, it’s all well and good saying that digital skills are vital, but a workforce with purely hard skills will not future-proof a business. There’s a need for soft skills that support the broader goal, so as not to neglect the other competencies required in a digital transformation: communication, critical thinking, creative design skills, and leadership. To exploit the technology to its full potential, such qualities are equally important. Fundamentally, getting the interaction right between humans and technology will be paramount if businesses are to succeed. As a result, human skills must not be underestimated. Every business will need a range of people with a variety of skills — not only those well-versed in math, engineering, and science, but also those with creative minds and leadership qualities. 1．The writer’s main concern in the digital transformation process is . A．the threats from technology B．the challenge of upskilling workforces C．the culture of quiet quitting D．the shortage of experienced workers 2．It can be learned from Paragraph 4 and 5 that . A．the workplace plays a key role in a company B．high requirements of recruitment ensure a sound workforce C．employers should develop a learning culture inside their workforces D．business leaders should focus on the training of the existing talent pool 3．What does the underlined word “paramount” in the last paragraph probably mean? A．Crucial. B．Beneficial. C．Challenging D．Inspiring 4．What might be the purpose of the passage? A．To advocate the necessity of improving digital skills. B．To warn humans of the potential problems with technology. C．To stress the importance of combining hard skills with soft skills. D．To urge companies to make a balance between hard skills and soft skills. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 4．C 【原文】本文是一篇说明文。文章探讨了在当前经济不确定性背景下，数字技能缺口对企业采用新技术、推动增长的阻碍，强调提升员工数字技能对数字转型的重要性。 1．细节理解题。 根据第二段中的句子“For instance, with each exciting new technology comes a growing concern about whether we have a digitally savvy (精明的) workforce ready to take advantage of it. After all, keeping the workforce up to speed with the latest advances is a key element of the digital transformation process, which will prove essential if we hope to improve business productivity and efficiency alongside our efforts to achieve sustained growth. (例如，随着每一项令人兴奋的新技术的出现，人们越来越担心我们是否有一支精通数字技术的员工队伍准备好来利用它。毕竟，让员工跟上最新进展是数字化转型过程的关键要素，如果我们希望在实现持续增长的同时提高业务生产力和效率，这将至关重要。)”可知，作者在数字化转型过程中主要关注的是劳动力技能是否能跟上。故选B项。 1．细节理解题。根据第四段的句子“And, when it comes to engaging and empowering the current workforce, learning and development opportunities will be key, helping employees to improve their skills for the benefit of both themselves and their employers.(此外，当涉及到参与和授权当前劳动力时，学习和发展机会将是关键，帮助员工提高他们的技能，从而使他们自己和雇主都受益。)”和第五段的句子“Creating a culture of learning, with an emphasis on personal growth, can be an impressive motivator in the workplace.(创造一种学习的文化，强调个人成长，可以成为一个令人印象深刻的工作场所的动力。)”可知，雇主应在员工队伍中培养学习文化。故选C项。 1．词句猜测题。划线单词下文的句子“As a result, human skills must not be underestimated(因此，人类技能不可低估)”强化人类技能的必要性；条件句“if businesses are to succeed(如果企业要成功)”暗示这是成功前提。因此，paramount意为“至关重要的”，与crucial意义一致。故选A项。 1．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其倒数第二段中“Of course, it's all well and good saying that digital skills are vital, but a workforce with purely hard skills will not future-proof a business. There's a need for soft skills that support the broader goal, so as not to neglect the other competencies required in a digital transformation: communication, critical thinking, creative design skills, and leadership.(当然，数字技能是至关重要的说法很好，但仅仅拥有硬技能的员工并不能保证企业的未来发展。我们需要软技能来支持更广泛的目标，这样就不会忽视数字化转型所需的其他能力：沟通、批判性思维、创造性设计技能和领导能力。)”可推知，文章的目的是讲述企业在数字化转型过程中要关注劳动力技能的提高，也不能忽视数字化转型所需的其他能力，强调硬技能和软技能结合的重要性。故选C项。 主题03 人与社会——社会服务与人际沟通 Passage 1 （2026届浙江省鄞州中学等十二校联考高三上学期第一次适应性考试英语学科试卷）Social media influencer marketing has become an increasingly popular strategy for brands to reach consumers. Influencers, with their large followings and the ability to engage audiences, are seen as powerful tools for promoting products and services. However, while influencer marketing shows great potential, its effectiveness metrics, mainly centered around follower count, engagement rate, and reach, have significant limitations. These metrics are good at identifying influencers with a wide audience reach, but they struggle to distinguish between influencers who can drive actual sales and those who only generate surface-level engagement. For example, an influencer might have a high number of followers and a seemingly impressive engagement rate, but their audience may not be the right target for a particular brand’s products. This means that a brand could invest heavily in an influencer campaign based on these metrics, only to see minimal return on investment. This limitation may not be a major concern for brands that focus on increasing brand awareness in a broad sense. But for those aiming to achieve specific business goals, such as driving e-commerce sales or boosting product sign-ups, it can lead to wasted resources and missed opportunities. In their current form, these effectiveness metrics have several drawbacks. First, follower count can be inflated through fake followers or bots, creating a false impression of an influencer’s reach. Engagement rates can also be misleading, as some influencers may use tactics like “like-for-like” exchanges or buy fake comments to artificially boost numbers. Moreover, the concept of reach doesn’t consider the quality of the audience reached. A large reach among an uninterested or mismatched audience is of little value to a brand. To address these issues and provide brands with a more accurate understanding of an influencer’s true value, several solutions can be considered. One approach is to analyze an influencer’s audience demographics in more detail. Brands should look beyond basic metrics and study factors such as the age, gender, location, interests, and purchasing behavior of an influencer’s followers. By doing so, they can determine whether the influencer’s audience aligns with their target market. Another key measure is to track the actual conversion rates resulting from influencer campaigns. Instead of relying solely on engagement and reach, brands should monitor how many clicks, purchases, or sign-ups an influencer drives. This data provides a more direct indication of an influencer’s ability to generate business results. Additionally, brands can conduct A/B testing, comparing the performance of different influencers or influencer strategies, to identify the most effective approaches. While these effectiveness metrics alone can’t ensure the success of influencer marketing campaigns, implementing these improvements can make the evaluation process more reliable. This, in turn, helps brands make more informed decisions, optimize their marketing budgets, and achieve better results from influencer partnerships. 1．What function can the current effectiveness metrics of influencer marketing serve? A．They can help brands accurately measure sales growth. B．They can assist in identifying influencers with broad reach. C．They can guarantee a high return on investment for brands. D．They can effectively distinguish high-performing influencers. 2．What can be inferred from an influencer having a high engagement rate? A．Their audience is highly interested in the promoted products. B．They are definitely capable of driving significant sales. C．The engagement rate might not reflect real influence. D．They have a large number of loyal and active followers. 3．What contributes to a more accurate evaluation of an influencer’s value? A．Focusing solely on the follower count and reach. B．Relying on the engagement rate as the main criterion. C．Analyzing the demographics and conversion rates of the audience. D．Conducting surveys about the influencer’s personal reputation. 4．What is the main purpose of this passage? A．To compare different influencer marketing strategies. B．To expose the false data in influencer marketing metrics. C．To present the advantages of influencer marketing. D．To propose improvements for influencer marketing effectiveness metrics 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．C 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍社交媒体网红营销的有效性指标存在局限及相应的改进建议。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“These metrics are good at identifying influencers with a wide audience reach, but they struggle to distinguish between influencers who can drive actual sales and those who only generate surface-level engagement. (这些指标擅长识别拥有广泛受众覆盖面的网红，但难以区分那些能够带动实际销售的网红和仅能产生表面互动的网红。)”可知，当前网红营销的有效性指标可以帮助识别拥有广泛受众的网红。故选B项。 2．推理判断题。根据第四段“Engagement rates can also be misleading, as some influencers may use tactics like “like-for-like” exchanges or buy fake comments to artificially boost numbers.(互动率也可能具有误导性，因为一些网红可能会使用“互赞”或购买虚假评论等策略来人为提高数据。)”可知，网红的高互动率可能并不能反映其真实影响力。故选C项。 3．细节理解题。根据第五段“One approach is to analyze an influencer’s audience demographics in more detail.(一种方法是更详细地分析网红的受众人口统计数据。)”以及第六段“Another key measure is to track the actual conversion rates resulting from influencer campaigns.(另一个关键措施是跟踪网红营销活动带来的实际转化率。)”可知，分析受众的人口统计数据和转化率有助于更准确地评估网红的价值。故选C项。 4．推理判断题。通读全文，文章先指出当前网红营销有效性指标存在的局限，随后提出了改进这些指标的具体建议，因此本文的主要目的是为网红营销有效性指标提出改进方案。故选D项。 Passage 2 （浙南名校联盟2025-2026学年高三上学期十月联考英语试题）Picture this, you win two tickets to a sold-out concert and eagerly text to ask your friends if they’d like to join. There comes their response “Maybe.” Your mood immediately turns, for you need to wait for their decisions before you can figure out your plans for the concert. If you’ve experienced anything like the above anecdote, you’re not alone. People responding “maybe” to invitations is a common yet annoying aspect of social life. What goes on in people’s heads when they aren’t sure whether to accept an invitation? Social invitations can be a delicate dance. People often misread what someone extending an invitation wants to hear and overestimate an inviter’s likelihood of preferring a “maybe” over a “no.” Moreover, they fail to realize how much more disrespected people feel when they receive a “maybe” in response to their invitation. Naturally, we wanted to figure out why this awkward dynamic plays out. We found that it’s largely due to something called “motivated reasoning.” Motivated reasoning occurs when a person interprets information in a biased (有偏差的) way to suit their own wishes. In other words, invitees convince themselves that inviters want to hear “maybe” instead of “no” because a “maybe” is better for the invitees, allowing them to leave their options open. Besides, people tend to overestimate the negative consequences of saying “no” to invitations, thinking it will upset, anger and disappoint inviters. However, there were certain situations that made people more comfortable saying “no” to an invitation. When recipients of an invitation put themselves in the shoes of the person extending the invitation, they are more likely to realize that they’d probably prefer a definite answer. When the participants get invited to do something they didn’t want to do, they had no desire to keep their options open. The motivated reasoning then became irrelevant. While navigating social situations can be tricky, being direct and definite is sometimes best. It might reduce your options. But it’ll keep those who invite you from being left uncertain and maybe they’ll still think of you when the next concert comes to town. 1．Why is the concert anecdote mentioned at the beginning? A．To explain the background of the invitation. B．To stress the importance of quick replies. C．To encourage immediate decision- making. D．To introduce a common social situation. 2．What is the main reason for the response of “maybe” to an invitation? A．A biased interpretation of social cues. B．A desire for harmonious communication. C．An underestimation of refusal consequence. D．An understanding of the inviter’s expectation. 3．What is the author’s suggestion in the last paragraph? A．Keeping your options open for better plans. B．Accepting invitations to maintain friendships. C．Prioritizing clear response over open options. D．Thinking twice before refusing an invitation. 4．What is the best title for the passage? A．The Psychology behind “Maybe” B．The Hidden Consequence of “Maybe” C．“Maybe”: A Polite Escape from Conflict D．“Maybe”: A Perfect Solution to Invitations 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．C 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍人们收到邀请时回复“Maybe”这一常见社交现象，分析其背后原因及特定应对情况，并给出直接回应的建议。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Picture this, you win two tickets to a sold-out concert and eagerly text to ask your friends if they’d like to join. There comes their response “Maybe.” Your mood immediately turns, for you need to wait for their decisions before you can figure out your plans for the concert.(想象一下，你赢得了两张售罄音乐会的门票，急切地发短信问朋友是否愿意一起去。他们回复“也许吧”。你的心情立刻变了，因为你需要等他们做决定，才能确定自己的音乐会计划)”以及第二段中的“If you’ve experienced anything like the above anecdote, you’re not alone. People responding “maybe” to invitations is a common yet annoying aspect of social life.(如果你有过类似上述轶事的经历，你并不孤单。人们对邀请回复“也许”是社交生活中常见却令人恼火的一面)”可知，作者开头提及音乐会轶事，是为了引出人们对邀请回复“Maybe”这一常见社交场景。故选D项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“We found that it’s largely due to something called “motivated reasoning.” Motivated reasoning occurs when a person interprets information in a biased (有偏差的) way to suit their own wishes. In other words, invitees convince themselves that inviters want to hear “maybe” instead of “no” because a “maybe” is better for the invitees, allowing them to leave their options open.(我们发现，这在很大程度上是由一种叫做“动机性推理”的东西导致的。当一个人以有偏差的方式解读信息以迎合自己的意愿时，就会发生动机性推理。换句话说，受邀者会说服自己，邀请者更想听到“也许”而不是“不”，因为“也许”对受邀者更有利，能让他们保留选择的余地)”可知，人们对邀请回复“Maybe”的主要原因是对社交信号有偏差的解读。故选A项。 3．细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“While navigating social situations can be tricky, being direct and definite is sometimes best. It might reduce your options. But it’ll keep those who invite you from being left uncertain and maybe they’ll still think of you when the next concert comes to town.(虽然应对社交场合可能很棘手，但有时直接明确是最好的选择。这可能会减少你的选择，但能避免邀请你的人陷入不确定的状态，而且当下一场音乐会来临时，他们或许还会想到你)”可知，作者建议优先选择清晰明确的回应，而非保留选择余地。故选C项。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，文章开头以音乐会轶事引出人们对邀请回复“Maybe”的现象，接着在第三段分析了这一现象背后“动机性推理”的心理原因，第四段介绍了人们更愿意说“不”的特定情况，最后给出直接回应的建议。全文围绕“Maybe”背后的心理机制展开，因此A项“‘Maybe’背后的心理学”概括了文章主题，最适合作为文章标题。故选A项。 Passage 3 （浙江省宁波市鄞州中学2024-2025学年高三考前适应性考试英语科试卷）CPR and basic first aid care are skills that millions acquire. Now this same type of training is available for mental health. Sigma Theta Alpha (STA), a professional health organization at UConn (University of Connecticut), has taken the lead to bring the program to campus, ensuring each student can benefit from it. Mental Health First Aid training is a national initiative that is performed locally by Mental Health Connecticut, a statewide non-profit organization. The group has come to UConn three times for training. “We introduce information on mental illness with the basic facts. We don’t teach how to diagnose — we do the opposite. Labeling and jumping to conclusions based on symptoms and behaviors are harmful and dangerous, because that is for professionals,” says Valerie Cooper, a community educator for the organization. Like CPR, Mental Health First Aid is a universal experience taught the same way everywhere. The program is split into classroom-style work, watching videos, and simulation of real-life issues. The action plan taught works under the acronym of ALGEE — Assess for risk of harm, Listen non-judgmentally, Give reassurance and information, Encourage appropriate professional help, and Encourage self-help and other support strategies. “Being a mental health first aider is to listen non-judgmentally and create a space of trust,” says Cooper. “We teach people that listening will be more important than anything they say.” UConn nursing major Lisa Iwanicki, 18, is a member of Sigma Theta Alpha. Iwanicki says she got a lot out of the simulation activities. “It was cool to be in a room with people who wanted to help make a change. It was not just about learning the signs of mental illness, but what someone can do in the community to help,” says Iwanicki. “Recovery is possible. The most important thing is to keep people hopeful. You have to try and try.” 1．What is the aim of Sigma Theta Alpha? A．To evaluate students’ behaviors. B．To teach students basic first aid skills. C．To treat students’ health issues. D．To enhance students’ mental well-being. 2．What should be stressed in communication according to Valerie Cooper? A．Giving personal suggestions. B．Avoiding rush judgement. C．Creating a private space. D．Reducing interaction. 3．What did Lisa Iwanicki learn according to the last paragraph? A．The best way to treat mental illness. B．The key to providing assistance. C．The benefits of helping the community. D．The different signs of body recovery. 4．What is the passage mainly about? A．A student care project at UConn. B．Development of CPR skills. C．A professional health organization. D．Campus activities of UConn. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．B 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍康涅狄格大学的专业健康组织STA引入心理健康急救培训项目，助力学生掌握相关技能，提升心理健康。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Sigma Theta Alpha (STA), a professional health organization at UConn (University of Connecticut), has taken the lead to bring the program to campus, ensuring each student can benefit from it.(康涅狄格大学的专业健康组织Sigma Theta Alpha（STA）率先将该项目引入校园，确保每个学生都能从中受益。)”以及第二段中对“Mental Health First Aid training”的介绍，可知STA的目标是提升学生的心理健康。故选D项。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“We don’t teach how to diagnose — we do the opposite. Labeling and jumping to conclusions based on symptoms and behaviors are harmful and dangerous, because that is for professionals.(我们不教如何诊断——恰恰相反。根据症状和行为贴标签并仓促下结论是有害和危险的，因为那是专业人士的工作。)”以及第三段中的“Being a mental health first aider is to listen non-judgmentally and create a space of trust.(成为一名心理健康急救员就要不带偏见地倾听，创造一个信任的空间。)”可知，Valerie Cooper认为在交流中应强调避免仓促判断。故选B项。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Iwanicki says she got a lot out of the simulation activities. “It was cool to be in a room with people who wanted to help make a change. It was not just about learning the signs of mental illness, but what someone can do in the community to help,” says Iwanicki. “Recovery is possible. The most important thing is to keep people hopeful. You have to try and try.”(Iwanicki说她从模拟活动中收获颇丰。“和一群想要帮助做出改变的人在一个房间里感觉很棒。这不仅仅是学习精神疾病的迹象，还包括人们在社区中可以做些什么来提供帮助，”Iwanicki说。“康复是可能的。最重要的是让人们保持希望。你必须不断尝试。”)”可知，Lisa Iwanicki学到了提供帮助的关键所在。故选B项。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，文章主要围绕康涅狄格大学的Sigma Theta Alpha组织引入心理健康急救培训项目展开，介绍了该项目的内容、目的以及学生的收获等，因此“康涅狄格大学的一个学生关爱项目”最能概括文章主旨。故选A项。 主题04 人与社会——文学，艺术与体育 Passage 1 （2025届浙江省台州市高三下学期第二次教学质量评估英语试题）Olivia and I became instant friends in a writing class many years ago. I made a joke about a poorly crafted story. While others just stared blankly, Olivia laughed. That moment marked the beginning of our bond. It’s an example of how friendship often forms unexpectedly. Recent research reveals that the development of closeness is actually more complex. Sociologists and psychologists have identified delicate but profound factors that draw people together, and even determine what defines a “best friend.” These interactions are extremely small but important; they are the “dark matter” of friendship. Closeness and routine encounters lay the foundation for friendship. A classic study has shown that people often befriend those who they regularly interact with—neighbors, colleagues or classmates. However, physical closeness alone isn’t enough. Shared interests like hobbies or humor spark connections. In reality, true friendship blossoms when we go deeper and open up to each other. Self-disclosure marks the shift from casual acquaintance to true friendship. A simple “Can I talk to you for a minute?” might initiate a deeper connection. As Sociologist Beverley Fehr explains in her book Friendship Processes, transforming from acquaintanceship to friendship involves gradually sharing more personal information. It’s a reciprocal (互惠的) process: one person opens up, and the other responds in kind. Reciprocity is the most decisive in developing friendship. When I started my first job in a bookstore, I grew close to an assistant. Almost every day we shared lunch with each other and bonded while working for a difficult boss. However, when she moved to a new job, our relationship began to change. I started sharing more about my personal life, but she never did the same. Eventually, our lunches petered out to once a month, before she drifted out of my life for good. I was eager to tell her my problems, but she was unwilling to share hers. The necessary reciprocity was missing, so our acquaintanceship never tipped over into friendship. 1．Why is Olivia mentioned in paragraph 1? A．To show a keen interest in writing. B．To describe a mixed reaction to a joke. C．To initiate the topic of friendship formation. D．To illustrate the importance of humour sense. 2．What does “dark matter” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Conflict-free social factors. B．Simple yet close connections. C．Non-light-emitting materials. D．Minute but significant interactions. 3．What stopped the author developing friendship with the assistant? A．The author’s talkative personality. B．The company’s tight schedule. C．The assistant’s unresponsive behavior. D．The boss’s unpleasant character. 4．What contributes most to a true friendship? A．Regular meeting. B．Mutual openness. C．Common ground. D．Comfortable distance. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．C 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要探讨友谊形成的复杂因素，包括偶然相遇、共同兴趣、自我表露和互惠行为等，并通过个人经历和理论研究说明真正友谊的关键条件。 1．推理判断题。根据文章第一段中“That moment marked the beginning of our bond. It’s an example of how friendship often forms unexpectedly.(那一刻标志着我们友谊的开始，它是友谊如何意外形成的例证)”等内容可推知，提到Olivia是为了引出友谊形成的主题。故选C。 2．词句猜测题。根据文章第二段中“These interactions are extremely small but important; they are the ‘dark matter’ of friendship.(这些互动极其微小但重要，它们是友谊的“dark matter”)”可推知“dark matter”指的上文提到的这些微小但是很重要的互动。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据文章第五段中“I started sharing more about my personal life, but she never did the same. Eventually, our lunches petered out to once a month, before she drifted out of my life for good. I was eager to tell her my problems, but she was unwilling to share hers. The necessary reciprocity was missing, so our acquaintanceship never tipped over into friendship.(我开始更多地分享我的个人生活，但她却从未这样做。最终，我们的午餐聚会逐渐减少到每月一次，直到她彻底从我的生活中消失。我渴望向她倾诉我的烦恼，但她却不愿分享她的心事。由于缺乏必要的互惠，我们的关系始终未能发展为真正的友谊。)”可知，助理的不回应行为阻碍了友谊发展。故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据文章第四段中“Self-disclosure marks the shift from casual acquaintance to true friendship. A simple “Can I talk to you for a minute?” might initiate a deeper connection. As Sociologist Beverley Fehr explains in her book Friendship Processes, transforming from acquaintanceship to friendship involves gradually sharing more personal information. It’s a reciprocal (互惠的) process: one person opens up, and the other responds in kind.(自我表露标志着从泛泛之交到真正友谊的转变。一句简单的“能和你聊一分钟吗？”就可能开启更深层的连接。正如社会学家贝弗莉·费尔在《友谊的形成》一书中所述，从相识到友谊的转化需要逐步分享更私人的信息。这是一个互惠的过程：一方敞开心扉，另一方也会以同样方式回应。)”和第五段中“Reciprocity is the most decisive in developing friendship(互惠是发展友谊最决定性的因素)”可推知，相互敞开心扉对友谊最关键。故选B。 Passage 2 （2026届浙江省Z20名校联盟高三上学期第一次联考适应性考试英语试题）Ecotourism has become an increasingly popular way for travelers to explore the world while minimizing their environmental impact. Unlike traditional tourism, which often focuses on luxury accommodations and crowded attractions, ecotourism emphasizes responsible travel to natural areas that conserves the environment and improves the well-being of local communities. The core principles of ecotourism include minimizing environmental damage, respecting local cultures, and supporting conservation efforts. Travelers engaging in ecotourism activities typically visit protected areas such as national parks, wildlife reserves, or remote communities. They participate in activities like bird watching, hiking, or learning about traditional crafts from local residents. These experiences not only allow travelers to connect with nature but also contribute to the preservation of fragile ecosystems. One successful example of ecotourism is the Galapagos Islands in Ecuador. Faced with threats from over-tourism in the 20th century, the government implemented strict regulations to protect the unique wildlife and landscapes. Today, visitors to the Galapagos must follow designated routes, be accompanied by certified guides, and pay a conservation fee that funds environmental protection projects. This approach has helped maintain the islands’ biodiversity while providing income for local communities through tourism. Another example is Costa Rica, often regarded as a leader in ecotourism. The country has transformed its natural resources into a sustainable tourism industry, with over 25% of its land protected in national parks and reserves. Tourists can explore rainforests, observe sea turtles nesting, or stay in eco-lodges that use renewable energy and support local farmers. This model has not only preserved Costa Rica’s natural beauty but also reduced poverty in rural areas by creating jobs in tourism. However, ecotourism is not without challenges. Some destinations market themselves as “eco-friendly” without implementing meaningful conservation measures, a practice known as “greenwashing.” Travelers must be cautious and research companies before booking to ensure their tourism dollars support genuine environmental and community initiatives. Additionally, even well-managed ecotourism can have negative impacts if visitor numbers exceed the carrying capacity of an area, leading to habitat disturbance or increased waste. To practice responsible ecotourism, experts recommend choosing small-scale, locally owned accommodations, participating in guided tours led by local experts, and following the “leave no trace” principle by taking all trash with you and avoiding damage to plants and wildlife. By making informed choices, travelers can enjoy meaningful experiences while helping to protect the planet for future generations. 1．What is the main difference between ecotourism and traditional tourism? A．Ecotourism focuses on luxury accommodations. B．Ecotourism emphasizes responsible travel and environmental conservation. C．Traditional tourism only visits natural areas. D．Traditional tourism requires following strict regulations. 2．Why does the author mention the Galapagos Islands? A．To show the negative effects of over-tourism. B．To introduce a popular luxury travel destination. C．To provide a successful example of ecotourism. D．To explain how to get certified as an ecotourism guide. 3．What does the word “greenwashing” in Paragraph 5 probably mean? A．Making false claims about being environmentally friendly. B．Using green colors in tourism advertisements. C．Planting trees to offset carbon emissions from travel. D．Implementing strict environmental protection measures. 4．What is recommended for responsible ecotourism according to the text? A．Choosing large international hotel chains. B．Exploring natural areas without a guide. C．Leaving trash in designated areas. D．Selecting locally owned accommodations. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了生态旅游的特点、原则、成功案例、挑战及负责任生态旅游的建议。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Unlike traditional tourism, which often focuses on luxury accommodations and crowded attractions, ecotourism emphasizes responsible travel to natural areas that conserves the environment and improves the well-being of local communities.(与传统旅游往往注重豪华住宿和拥挤景点不同，生态旅游强调对自然区域进行负责任的旅行，以保护环境并改善当地社区的福祉)”可知，生态旅游与传统旅游的主要区别在于生态旅游强调负责任的旅行和环境保护。故选B。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段中“One successful example of ecotourism is the Galapagos Islands in Ecuador.(生态旅游的一个成功例子是厄瓜多尔的加拉帕戈斯群岛)”可知，作者提到加拉帕戈斯群岛是为了提供一个生态旅游的成功例子。故选C。 3．词句猜测题。根据第五段中“Some destinations market themselves as “eco-friendly” without implementing meaningful conservation measures, a practice known as “greenwashing.”(一些旅游目的地将自己宣传为‘环保’，但实际上并没有采取有意义的保护措施，这种做法被称为“greenwashing”)”可知，“greenwashing”指的是虚假宣传环保的行为，即“声称自己环保但实际上并非如此”。故选A。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“To practice responsible ecotourism, experts recommend choosing small-scale, locally owned accommodations, participating in guided tours led by local experts, and following the “leave no trace” principle by taking all trash with you and avoiding damage to plants and wildlife.(为了实践负责任的生态旅游，专家建议选择当地拥有的小型住宿，参加由当地专家带领的导游，并遵循‘不留痕迹’的原则，随身携带所有垃圾，避免损害植物和野生动物)”可知，文本建议选择当地拥有的住宿以实践负责任的生态旅游。故选D。 Passage 3 （2026届浙江省鄞州中学等十二校联考高三上学期第一次适应性考试英语学科试卷）In recent years, electric vehicles (EVs) have gained significant popularity as a more environmentally friendly alternative to traditional gasoline-powered cars. However, concerns about their actual environmental impact are growing. For instance, the production of EV batteries requires large amounts of rare earth metals, the mining of which can lead to deforestation, soil erosion, and water pollution. Additionally, the electricity used to charge EVs often comes from power plants that burn fossil fuels, emitting substantial amounts of greenhouse gases. Some studies suggest that in regions heavily dependent on coal for electricity generation, the carbon footprint of EVs during their operation may not be much lower than that of conventional vehicles. Nevertheless, these concerns might be overstated. In fact, EVs may have a much greater potential for environmental benefits than many people realize. The International Council on Clean Transportation (ICCT) predicts that as the share of renewable energy in electricity generation increases, the environmental advantages of EVs will become more pronounced. Currently, only about 20% of the electricity used for EV charging in some regions comes from renewable sources like solar and wind. But as the world transitions to cleaner energy, this percentage is expected to rise significantly. Moreover, EVs contribute to reducing air pollution in urban areas. They produce zero tailpipe emissions, which directly improves local air quality and reduces the health risks associated with breathing polluted air. Automakers and policymakers face the challenge of maximizing the environmental benefits of EVs while minimizing their negative impacts. The ideal solution would be to rapidly increase the proportion of renewable energy in the power grid and improve the efficiency of battery recycling. However, since achieving a fully renewable power grid globally is still a long-term goal, focusing on three more immediate measures is more practical. The first measure is promoting battery recycling. Starting in 2027, some countries will require automakers to take back used EV batteries and recycle at least 70% of the materials. This practice should be adopted more widely. The second measure is optimizing the location of charging stations. By strategically placing charging stations near renewable energy sources, the environmental impact of charging can be further reduced. Third, automakers must invest more in research and development to improve battery technology, making it more energy-efficient and reducing the need for rare earth metals. Strengthening these approaches would help transform EVs from potential environmental concerns into powerful tools for environmental protection. 1．What is the main concern about electric vehicles? A．Their high production costs. B．Their limited driving range. C．Their potential negative environmental impact. D．Their competition with traditional gasoline- powered cars. 2．What can be inferred from the second paragraph? A．The environmental benefits of EVs are already fully realized. B．The environmental advantages of EVs depend on the source of electricity. C．renewable energy currently accounts for most of the electricity used for EV charging. D．EVs have no impact on reducing air pollution in urban areas. 3．Which solution is more practical to maximize the environmental benefits of EVs? A．Achieving a fully renewable power grid globally immediately. B．Banning the use of fossil-fuel-powered power plants. C．Optimizing the location of charging stations near renewable energy sources. D．Encouraging consumers to buy more gasoline-powered cars in the short term. 4．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．Electric Vehicles: A Sure-Fire Solution for the Environment B．The High Cost of Electric Vehicle Batteries C．Electric Vehicles: A Threat or a Hope for the Environment? D．The Future of Traditional Gasoline-Powered Cars 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．C 4．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章围绕电动汽车对环境的影响展开讨论，既提到了人们对其环境影响的担忧，也阐述了其潜在的环境效益，探讨了电动汽车到底是对环境的威胁还是希望。 1．细节理解题。文章第一段中“However, concerns about their actual environmental impact are growing. For instance, the production of EV batteries requires large amounts of rare earth metals, the mining of which can lead to deforestation, soil erosion, and water pollution. Additionally, the electricity used to charge EVs often comes from power plants that burn fossil fuels, emitting substantial amounts of greenhouse gases. (然而，人们越来越担心它们对环境的实际影响。例如，电动汽车电池的生产需要大量的稀土金属，而稀土金属的开采会导致森林砍伐、土壤侵蚀和水污染。此外，用于给电动汽车充电的电力通常来自燃烧化石燃料的发电厂，排放大量温室气体)”明确指出人们对电动汽车的主要担忧是其对环境的实际影响，包括电池生产带来的资源开采问题以及充电用电产生的温室气体排放等。故选C。 2．推理判断题。第二段中“The International Council on Clean Transportation (ICCT) predicts that as the share of renewable energy in electricity generation increases, the environmental advantages of EVs will become more pronounced. Currently, only about 20% of the electricity used for EV charging in some regions comes from renewable sources like solar and wind.(国际清洁交通理事会（ICCT）预测，随着可再生能源在发电中所占份额的增加，电动汽车的环境优势将更加明显。目前，在一些地区，用于电动汽车充电的电力中只有约20%来自太阳能和风能等可再生能源)”提到，国际清洁交通委员会预测随着可再生能源在发电中占比增加，电动汽车的环境优势将更明显，且目前部分地区电动汽车充电用电只有约20%来自可再生能源，由此可推断电动汽车的环境优势取决于电力来源。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段中“However, since achieving a fully renewable power grid globally is still a long - term goal, focusing on three more immediate measures is more practical.(然而，由于在全球范围内实现完全可再生电网仍然是一个长期目标，因此专注于三个更直接的措施更为实际)”和第四段中“The first measure is promoting battery recycling.(第一项措施是促进电池回收)”、“The second measure is optimizing the location of charging stations.(二是优化充电站的位置)”以及“Third, automakers must invest more in research and development to improve battery technology, making it more energy-efficient and reducing the need for rare earth metals.(第三，汽车制造商必须加大研发投入，改进电池技术，使其更节能，减少对稀土金属的需求)”提到，实现全球完全可再生能源电网是长期目标，更实际的措施包括促进电池回收、优化充电站位置和改进电池技术等。故选C。 4．主旨大意题。根据全文内容，结合第一段中“In recent years, electric vehicles (EVs) have gained significant popularity as a more environmentally friendly alternative to traditional gasoline-powered cars. However, concerns about their actual environmental impact are growing.(近年来，电动汽车（EVs）作为一种更环保的替代传统汽油动力汽车而获得了显著的普及。然而，人们越来越担心它们对环境的实际影响)”可知，文章围绕电动汽车对环境的影响展开讨论，既提到了人们对其环境影响的担忧，也阐述了其潜在的环境效益，探讨了电动汽车到底是对环境的威胁还是希望，C选项“电动汽车：对环境的威胁还是希望？”符合文章主旨。故选C。 主题01 人与社会——历史，社会与文化 Passage 1 （2026届浙江省湖州市吴兴区等5地高三一模英语试题）How fast do you listen? Hollywood actor Glen Powell likes 1x listening speed, saying, “I want to hear people talk at a normal human rate,” while American comedian Bowen Yang believes 1.8x is the perfect pace. Their debate went viral earlier this year in an advertisement for a streaming platform, which was criticized for suggesting that people who listen quickly are unusual. The controversy reflects a broader change in how people consume digital media. Surveys support this observation. A survey showed that 31% of Americans aged 18-29 listen faster than 1x, compared with only 8% of those over 45. To meet this demand, many platforms such as Apple, Spotify, Netflix and YouTube now provide fast playback (播放) options. Some even allow speeds up to 4x for premium users. The appeal is easy to understand: faster playback can save a large amount of time. YouTube once reported that its viewers together saved more than 900 years per day thanks to this feature. For busy students and workers, such efficiency is attractive. But does speeding affect comprehension? The average person speaks at a rate of about 150 words per minute, but most brains are capable of processing information faster than that, says Marcus Pearce, a cognitive scientist at Queen Mary University of London. A recent meta-analysis led by academics at the University of Waterloo in Canada found that up to 1.5x there was not much of a difference in performance, although scores started to decrease noticeably as playback speeds approached or exceeded 2x. The practice has also raised different opinions. From the platforms’ perspective, faster speeds mean users consume more content, which increases advertising income. But many performers argue that something artistic is lost. Reading aloud involves pacing, tone and pause, and rushing may damage the quality of a performance. Imagine the famous monologues (独白) in Hamlet delivered at double speed — much of the meaning would disappear. Despite the disagreements, fast playback has become part of daily life for many people. For them, to speed or not to speed is no longer a real question. 1．What can be learned about the controversy from paragraph 1? A．An advertisement is well received. B．People prefer different listening speeds. C．Digital media is a topic of much debate. D．Streaming platforms are part of daily life. 2．Why did many platforms introduce faster playback options? A．To attract more elderly listeners. B．To respond to the users’ needs. C．To help people’s comprehension. D．To cut content production costs. 3．What is the author’s purpose in mentioning Hamlet? A．To stress fast speed harms art. B．To show people favor classic works. C．To prove actors dislike fast playback. D．To suggest modern audiences lack patience. 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．The need for fast playback B．The argument over an advertisement C．Higher speed, more profit D．Speedier streaming, less meaning 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．A 4．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章围绕数字媒体快速播放展开，介绍了不同人群的速度偏好、平台推出该功能的原因，以及其节省时间的优势与超2倍速影响理解、损害艺术性的争议。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“How fast do you listen? Hollywood actor Glen Powell likes 1x listening speed, saying, “I want to hear people talk at a normal human rate,” while American comedian Bowen Yang believes 1.8x is the perfect pace. Their debate went viral earlier this year in an advertisement for a streaming platform, which was criticized for suggesting that people who listen quickly are unusual. The controversy reflects a broader change in how people consume digital media.(你听的速度有多快？好莱坞演员格伦·鲍威尔喜欢以1倍的速度听，他说道：“我希望听到人们以正常的人类语速说话。”而美国喜剧演员鲍文·杨则认为1.8倍的速度才是最理想的节奏。今年早些时候，他们关于此话题的讨论在一家流媒体平台的广告中广为传播，该广告因暗示快速听的人很不寻常而受到批评。这场争议反映了人们消费数字媒体方式的更广泛变化)”可知，人们对收听速度的偏好存在差异。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“Surveys support this observation. A survey showed that 31% of Americans aged 18-29 listen faster than 1x, compared with only 8% of those over 45. To meet this demand, many platforms such as Apple, Spotify, Netflix and YouTube now provide fast playback (播放) options. Some even allow speeds up to 4x for premium users.(调查结果也证实了这一观点。一项调查显示，18至29岁的美国人中有31%的用户播放速度超过1倍，而45岁以上的用户中这一比例仅为 8%。为了满足这一需求，像苹果、Spotify、Netflix 和YouTube这样的许多平台现在都提供了快速播放选项。有些平台甚至为付费用户提供了高达4倍的播放速度)”可知，许多平台都推出了更快的播放选项是为了满足用户的需求。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据第五段“The practice has also raised different opinions. From the platforms’ perspective, faster speeds mean users consume more content, which increases advertising income. But many performers argue that something artistic is lost. Reading aloud involves pacing, tone and pause, and rushing may damage the quality of a performance. Imagine the famous monologues (独白) in Hamlet delivered at double speed — much of the meaning would disappear.(这种做法也引发了不同的观点。从平台的角度来看，更快的播放速度意味着用户会收听收看更多内容，从而增加了广告收入。但许多表演者则认为，艺术性的东西会有所损失。朗读需要节奏、语调和停顿，匆忙进行可能会损害表演的质量。想象一下，在《哈姆雷特》中那些著名的独白以两倍的速度朗读——其中大部分含义都会消失)”可知，作者提及哈姆雷特的目的是强调速度过快会损害艺术。故选A。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，特别是最后一段“Despite the disagreements, fast playback has become part of daily life for many people. For them, to speed or not to speed is no longer a real question.(尽管存在分歧，但快速回放已经成为许多人日常生活的一部分。对他们来说，加速或不加速不再是一个真正的问题)”可知，开篇通过名人争论引出 “播放速度” 争议，反映数字媒体消费习惯变化。中间介绍快速播放的普及（用户需求驱动）、优势（节省时间）、争议（影响理解、损害艺术）。结尾强调快速播放已成为许多人的日常生活一部分。因此推断全文围绕 “快速播放” 的需求、普及、争议展开，核心是 “快速播放的必要性与相关讨论”，选项 A（The need for fast playback）最能概括主旨。故选A。 Passage 2 （2026届浙江省湖州市吴兴区等5地高三一模英语试题）I often catch myself asking my questions to AI chatbots with a “please” and a “thank you.” Apparently, I am not alone. A 2024 survey found that approximately 67% of U.S. AI users are also polite and show gratitude toward AI search engines. Some even joked about the cost: if every polite word consumes electricity, the bill must be high. OpenAI’s CEO Sam Altman replied: “Tens of millions of dollars well spent — you never know.” In reality, of course, AI chatbots do not appreciate politeness; they lack consciousness, feelings or social needs. From a purely utilitarian (功利主义的) standpoint, all those pleases and thank yous are just flushing money down the toilet. Still, there may be value that isn’t immediately measurable in showing gratitude toward AI. Psychologists Robert Emmons and Michael McCullough carried out an experiment in which they divided participants into three groups, asking the first to list things they are grateful for, while others listed daily troubles or simply kept journals. After 10 weeks, they found that the first group reported 25% higher happiness levels, stronger inner strength and even better physical health. What’s true of gratitude is also true of kindness and generosity more generally. Experiments at UC Riverside found that performing “five small acts of kindness per week” produced steady increases in happiness. This idea isn’t new. The medieval thinker Maimonides wrote that “it is better for a person to give one coin to a thousand poor people than to give a thousand coins to one poor person.” He believed that regular acts of goodness, like giving charity and expressing gratitude, make us happier in the long run by turning virtue into a habit. So perhaps all of our pleases and thank yous to AI have value, even if they cost OpenAI millions of dollars annually. Showing appreciation, even toward a machine, reinforces positive habits of courtesy (礼貌), patience and empathy. In our increasingly digital and automated world, preserving these human qualities may be more valuable than the cost of a little extra electricity. Ultimately, the beneficiary of our politeness isn’t the AI at all, but ourselves. 1．How does the author introduce the topic in paragraph 1? A．By quoting an expert. B．By telling a story. C．By presenting a phenomenon. D．By defining a concept. 2．What value of gratitude does the experiment in paragraph 3 show? A．It strengthens our bodies and minds. B．It reduces daily stress levels. C．It improves memory and creativity. D．It deepens social relationships. 3．Which of the following would Maimonides most likely approve of? A．Giving gifts to friends on birthdays. B．Making a large donation to a charity. C．Expressing gratitude on Thanksgiving Day. D．Volunteering weekly at a community kitchen. 4．What message does the author mainly convey in the text? A．Courtesy to AI saves electricity bills. B．AI improves the quality of human life. C．Politeness benefits humans rather than AI. D．AI learns empathy from human behavior. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．D 4．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章指出很多人对AI礼貌，虽AI无感知且看似无用，但相关实验和观点表明，这种行为能培养人类礼貌、同理心等品质，最终受益者是人类自身。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段“I often catch myself asking my questions to AI chatbots with a “please” and a “thank you.” Apparently, I am not alone. A 2024 survey found that approximately 67% of U.S. AI users are also polite and show gratitude toward AI search engines. Some even joked about the cost: if every polite word consumes electricity, the bill must be high. OpenAI’s CEO Sam Altman replied: “Tens of millions of dollars well spent — you never know.”(我常常会发现自己在向人工智能聊天机器人提问时会加上“请”和“谢谢”这样的词语。显然，我不是唯一一个这样做的。2024年的一项调查发现，大约67%的美国人工智能用户也会对人工智能搜索引擎表现出礼貌和感激之情。有些人甚至开玩笑说这要花费不少钱：如果每一个礼貌的词语都要消耗电能，那账单肯定很高。OpenAI的首席执行官萨姆·阿尔特曼回应道：“这花费了数千万美元——谁知道呢。”)”并结合下文对“对AI礼貌能培养人的礼貌、同理心等品质”的陈述可知，作者在第一段通过描述一个现象引入话题。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“Still, there may be value that isn’t immediately measurable in showing gratitude toward AI. Psychologists Robert Emmons and Michael McCullough carried out an experiment in which they divided participants into three groups, asking the first to list things they are grateful for, while others listed daily troubles or simply kept journals. After 10 weeks, they found that the first group reported 25% higher happiness levels, stronger inner strength and even better physical health.( 不过，对人工智能表示感激所体现的价值可能并非是能够立即衡量出来的。心理学家罗伯特·埃蒙斯和迈克尔·麦卡洛开展了一项实验，他们将参与者分为三组，要求第一组列出他们所感激的事情，而其他两组则分别记录日常烦恼或只是进行日常日记记录。10周后，他们发现第一组的幸福感水平提高了25%，内心力量更强，身体状况也更好)”可知，第三段中的实验表明了感恩能增强我们的身体和心智。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“He believed that regular acts of goodness, like giving charity and expressing gratitude, make us happier in the long run by turning virtue into a habit.(他认为，定期的善举，比如进行慈善捐赠和表达感激之情，会通过将美德转化为习惯而使我们长期感到更幸福)”可知，迈蒙尼德认同每周到社区厨房做志愿服务的做法。故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Showing appreciation, even toward a machine, reinforces positive habits of courtesy (礼貌), patience and empathy. In our increasingly digital and automated world, preserving these human qualities may be more valuable than the cost of a few extra electricity. Ultimately, the beneficiary of our politeness isn’t the AI at all, but ourselves.(向机器表达感激之情，哪怕只是向一台机器表示感谢，也能强化我们养成的礼貌、耐心和同理心等良好习惯。在我们这个日益数字化和自动化的世界里，保持这些人性特质可能比多消耗一些电能更有价值。最终，我们礼貌行为的受益者并非那台人工智能，而是我们自己)”可知，作者在这篇文章中主要传达了礼貌对人类有益，而非对人工智能有益。故选C。 Passage 3 （2026届浙江省台州高三一模英语试题）Born between the mid-1990s and early 2010s, Gen Z is often labelled as “digital natives”. Therefore, it may come as a surprise that Gen Z is turning away from screens and heading outdoors. From forest bathing to camping trips, more young adults are embracing nature as part of their lives. Digital burnout is driving change. Gen Z spends more time online than any other generation, with daily screen time averaging 6-9 hours. According to a recent survey by Pew Research Centre, over 60% of Gen Z respondents reported feeling overwhelmed by the pressures of staying digitally connected. Therefore, nature offers an escape. For Gen Z, being outdoors isn't just leisure, it’s a form of essential self-care. Ironically, the very platforms driving digital burnout are now fuelling nature engagement. Social media is not just part of the problem but it’s also part of the solution. Popular hashtags such as #Hiking, #Ice Bathing, #RunningClubs, and #VanLife have received billions of views online. Health and lifestyle influencers share experiences of these activities, reframing nature as desirable and reachable. Although access to nature is still limited by safety concerns, cost, and urban density, Gen Z is adapting as best as they can. From sharing equipment to joining outdoor clubs, they’re finding creative ways to reclaim public spaces. Reconnecting with nature is also driven by environmental values. From eco-tourism to zero-waste hiking, Gen Z approaches outdoor time with purpose. Gen Z is reshaping global movements, using social media to spread climate advocacy and redefine sustainable living. This generation is embracing outdoor experiences that are low-cost, low-tech, and deeply fulfilling. Amongst all these activities, run clubs and social fitness events have exploded in popularity. With a growing number of Gen Z passionate about spending time outdoors, it’s evident that many are turning to nature to restore balance, foster connection, and contribute to a healthier world. 1．What do the numbers in paragraph 2 show? A．Gen Z’s digital overexposure. B．Gen Z’s preference for screens. C．The necessity of digital connection. D．The phenomenon of online addiction. 2．Which best describes social media’s role for Gen Z? A．Double-edged. B．Problem-causing. C．Fun-oriented. D．Ever-changing. 3．What can be inferred from paragraph 4? A．Online platforms advocate eco-tourism. B．Gen Z has strong environmental awareness. C．Engaging in outdoor activities is challenging. D．Social fitness events require high-end equipment. 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．From Clicks to Cliffs: The Call of the Wild B．Beyond the Screen: The Truth of Outdoor Lives C．Gen Z is Swapping Screen Time for Green Time D．Social Media is Leading Gen Z to Outdoor Trips 【答案】1．A 2．A 3．B 4．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章介绍了“数字原住民”Z世代参加森林、徒步、零废露营等“低成本、低技术、高满足”的自然活动，以此恢复身心平衡并践行环保理念。 1．推理判断题。根据第二段中“Gen Z spends more time online than any other generation, with daily screen time averaging 6–9 hours. According to a recent survey by Pew Research Centre, over 60% of Gen Z respondents reported feeling overwhelmed by the pressures of staying digitally connected. (Z世代的上网时间比其他任何一代人都长，日均屏幕使用时长达到6到9小时。根据皮尤研究中心近期的一项调查，超过60%的Z世代受访者表示，持续保持数字连接的压力让他们感到不堪重负)”可推知，这些数字旨在说明Z世代过度接触数字设备。故选A项。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段“Ironically, the very platforms driving digital burnout are now fuelling nature engagement. Social media is not just part of the problem but it's also part of the solution. (讽刺的是，正是那些造成数字倦怠的平台，如今也在推动人们投身自然；社交媒体既是问题的一部分，也是解决方案的一部分)”可推知，社交媒体对Z世代而言是“双刃剑”。故选A项。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段“Reconnecting with nature is also driven by environmental values. From eco-tourism to zero-waste hiking, Gen Z approaches outdoor time with purpose. Gen Z is reshaping global movements, using social media to spread climate advocacy and redefine sustainable living. (与自然重新建立联结，同样受到环保价值观的驱动。从生态旅游到零废弃徒步，Z 世代以明确的目标对待户外时光。他们正在重塑全球运动，借助社交媒体传播气候倡导理念，重新定义可持续生活方式)”可推知，Z世代具有强烈的环保意识。故选B项。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其根据第一段“Born between the mid-1990s and early 2010s, Gen Z is often labelled as “digital natives”. Therefore, it may come as a surprise that Gen Z is turning away from screens and heading outdoors. From forest bathing to camping trips, more young adults are embracing nature as part of their lives. (出生于20世纪90年代中期至21世纪10年代初的Z世代，常被贴上“数字原住民”的标签。因此，他们逐渐远离电子屏幕、走向户外的行为或许会让人感到意外。从森林浴到露营旅行，越来越多的年轻人正将亲近自然纳入生活的一部分)”可知，文章核心围绕Z世代从长时间使用电子设备（屏幕时间）转向参与户外活动（绿色时间）展开，既体现了转变，又点明了核心对象和行为。C项“Gen Z is Swapping Screen Time for Green Time! (Z世代把屏幕时间换成绿色时间！)”精准概括这一主题，适合作为文章的标题。故选C项。 主题02 人与社会——科学与技术 Passage 1 （2026届浙江省湖州市吴兴区等5地高三一模英语试题）For a long time, scientists believed the beautiful songs of birds were purely a product of instinct (本能). Peter Marler, a pioneering British animal behaviorist, revolutionized this view through his research into how birds actually learn to sing, earning him the title “the father of birdsong.” Marler’s fascination began in his youth, observing chaffinches (苍头燕雀) in the English countryside. He noticed slight but consistent differences in the songs of birds from different regions, much like human dialects. This curiosity defined his career. In the 1950s, he began carefully recording these songs. Using a crucial tool called a spectrogram, which visually represents sound, he was able to scientifically confirm that these regional variations, or “dialects,” were indeed real. His famous study of the white-crowned sparrow in California clearly showed distinct dialects between northern and southern populations. The central question remained: were these dialects inherited or learned? To solve this, Marler designed a series of experiments that would later be regarded as models of clarity. He raised young birds in complete vocal isolation from adults. These isolated birds only produced simple, natural calls, proving that the full, complex song was not automatic. However, when he played recordings of adult songs to them during a critical learning period after hatching, they successfully learned and sang the complete tune. This was decisive evidence that birdsong is a culturally transmitted behavior. Initially, his theory faced doubts from a scientific community that favored instinct-based explanations. The mainstream view still favored instinct, and some dismissed his work as an exception rather than a rule. Marler, however, quietly continued his careful studies. Gradually, his well-designed methods and undeniable evidence won over the community. By transforming lines of numbers into meaningful maps of sound and behavior, he gave the world new eyes to see what had always been hidden in plain hearing. The impact of his work extended far beyond ornithology (鸟类学). It provided a powerful, simpler model for scientists studying the incredibly complex evolution of human language, suggesting our own speech may have roots in similar vocal learning processes. 1．What did Marler find while observing chaffinches? A．Seasonal variations in dialects. B．Regional differences in birdsong. C．Slight changes in bird population. D．Common features in bird species. 2．What do the underlined words “culturally transmitted” mean in paragraph 3? A．Found in human language. B．Spread within a single family. C．Passed down through genes. D．Learned from others in a community. 3．What can we infer about Marler? A．His findings were soon accepted. B．He truly respected others’ opinion. C．He was a patient and careful scientist. D．He was the first to study bird behavior. 4．Why was Marler’s theory significant? A．It supported rare bird protection. B．It proved the once-popular theory. C．It made bird research more popular. D．It promoted the study of human speech. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．C 4．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍“鸟类鸣叫之父”彼得・马(Peter Marler)，其通过研究发现鸟类鸣叫存在地区差异且需学习，颠覆本能论，还为人类语言研究提供模型。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“He noticed slight but consistent differences in the songs of birds from different regions, much like human dialects. (他注意到来自不同地区的鸟类，其歌声存在细微但一致的差异，很像人类的方言。)”可知，马勒观察苍头燕雀时发现了鸟类歌声的地区差异。故选B项。 2．词义猜测题。根据第三段“He raised young birds in complete vocal isolation from adults. These isolated birds only produced simple, natural calls, proving that the full, complex song was not automatic. However, when he played recordings of adult songs to them during a critical learning period after hatching, they successfully learned and sang the complete tune. (他让幼鸟在完全隔绝成鸟叫声的环境中成长。这些被隔离的幼鸟仅能发出简单的本能鸣叫，这表明完整复杂的鸣唱并非天生。但如果在幼鸟孵化后的关键学习期给它们播放成鸟的鸣唱录音，它们就能成功学会并唱出完整的曲调。)”可知，鸟类的复杂歌声是通过学习同类的声音获得的。因此“culturally transmitted”指“在群体中向他人学习并传递”。故选D项。 3．推理判断题。根据第二段“In the 1950s, he began carefully recording these songs. Using a crucial tool called a spectrogram, which visually represents sound, he was able to scientifically confirm that these regional variations, or “dialects,” were indeed real.(20世纪50年代，他开始仔细录制这些鸣叫。借助一种名为声谱图的关键工具 —— 这种工具能将声音可视化呈现 —— 他得以用科学方法证实，这些区域性差异（即“方言”）确实存在。)”和第四段“Marler, however, quietly continued his careful studies. Gradually, his well-designed methods and undeniable evidence won over the community. (然而，马勒仍默默继续他严谨的研究。渐渐地，他设计精良的方法和无可辩驳的证据说服了科学界。)”可知，马勒是一位耐心且严谨的科学家。故选C项。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段“It provided a powerful, simpler model for scientists studying the incredibly complex evolution of human language, suggesting our own speech may have roots in similar vocal learning processes. (它为研究人类语言极其复杂演化过程的科学家提供了一个有力且更简单的模型，表明我们人类的语言可能源于类似的声音学习过程。)”可知，马勒的理论意义在于推动了人类语言研究。故选D项。 Passage 2 （2026届浙江省台州高三一模英语试题）A new study published in the Journal of Applied Ecology revealed when, where and how most songbirds migrate offshore over North American coasts. This data can help wind energy managers cut down on birds dying from hitting wind turbines (涡轮机) while generating sustainable energy. The researchers studied 10 years of weather radar data from 16 sites and found that birds flying over the Atlantic Coast and the Gulf of Mexico gather more closely and move for a shorter time than those flying over land. More birds also migrate in fall than in spring. Shannon Curley, the study’s lead researcher, explained, “Birds migrate over the sea on fewer nights than over land. There’s no place to rest and refuel on the water, so birds may wait for ideal atmospheric conditions, such as favorable winds, before making an offshore crossing.” This short yet critical time window gives wind energy managers a chance to reduce collisions (相撞). Curley said they could pause turbine work on nights when migration is most intense-a practice that is currently more common in Europe than North America. “These peak nights of migration tend to have fairly nice weather and calmer winds, and are therefore not the nights when wind operators have a huge energy harvest,”Curley noted. “So there might be a sweet spot where we can target these big migration nights and give these birds safe passage.” The study also found that songbirds migrating offshore fly at lower altitudes than those migrating over land, potentially putting them at greater risk of wind turbine collisions. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service says 140,000 to 327,000 birds die from land turbines each year. But no one knows how many die from offshore turbines, since dead birds’ bodies wash away easily. So using radar technology to identify high-risk areas is key. With one-third of all American bird species rapidly declining, data-driven decisions about turbine siting and operations can point the way to sustainable energy while also saving birds. “Our hope is that this work will help identify high-risk, high-use areas for birds and contribute to positive green energy solutions,” Curley said. 1．What can we learn about the songbirds in paragraph 2? A．They favor flying over open seas. B．They become more active on spring nights. C．They are particular about where to rest. D．They time crossings by weather conditions. 2．What does the underlined phrase “a sweet spot” refer to? A．An ideal balance. B．A moral dilemma. C．An opportunity for profit. D．A place without turbines. 3．Why is it difficult to identify high-risk areas offshore? A．Birds change their travelling routes. B．Wind strength at sea is unpredictable. C．Dead birds’ bodies are hard to trace. D．Radar technology is underdeveloped. 4．What does Curley think of the potential application of the new research? A．Risky. B．Promising. C．Productive. D．Challenging. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．C 4．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。一项新研究揭示北美海岸鸣禽近海迁徙规律，为风电运营商提供数据支持，可通过调整涡轮机运行保护鸟类，助力绿色能源与生态保护平衡。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“Birds migrate over the sea on fewer nights than over land. There’s no place to rest and refuel on the water, so birds may wait for ideal atmospheric conditions, such as favorable winds, before making an offshore crossing. (鸟类在海上迁徙的夜晚比在陆地上少。水面上没有休息和补充能量的地方，所以鸟类在进行近海迁徙前可能会等待理想的大气条件，比如适宜的风。)”可知，鸣禽会根据天气条件选择迁徙时机。故选D项。 2．词句猜测题。根据第三段“These peak nights of migration tend to have fairly nice weather and calmer winds, and are therefore not the nights when wind operators have a huge energy harvest,”Curley noted. “So there might be a sweet spot where we can target these big migration nights and give these birds safe passage.” (柯利指出：“这些鸟类迁徙的高峰夜晚，天气往往晴好、风力平缓，因此并非风电运营商获取大量能源的时段。所以或许存在 a sweet spot —— 我们可以针对这些大规模迁徙的夜晚，为鸟类开辟安全通道。”)”可知，a sweet spot指的是 “理想平衡”，既不影响能源收获，又能保护鸟类。故选A项。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段“But no one knows how many die from offshore turbines, since dead birds’ bodies wash away easily. So using radar technology to identify high-risk areas is key. (但没人知道有多少鸟类死于近海涡轮机，因为死鸟的尸体很容易被冲走。因此，使用雷达技术识别高风险区域至关重要。)”可知，近海高风险区域难以识别是因为死鸟尸体难以追踪。故选C项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Our hope is that this work will help identify high-risk, high-use areas for birds and contribute to positive green energy solutions, (我们希望这项研究能帮助识别鸟类的高风险、高频使用区域，并为积极的绿色能源解决方案做出贡献)”可知，柯利认为这项研究的潜在应用前景光明。故选B项。 Passage 3 （2026届浙江省杭州市上城区等5地高三一模英语试题）On 3 April 2024, a magnitude 7.4 quake — Taiwan’s strongest in 25 years — shook the island’s eastern coast. Most buildings were undamaged due to strict construction standards, but mountainous and remote villages were destroyed by landslides. When disasters affect large and inaccessible areas, responders often turn to satellite images to locate affected areas and prioritize relief efforts. “But mapping landslides from satellite imagery by eye can be time-intensive,” said Lorenzo Nava, who is jointly based at Cambridge’s Departments of Earth Sciences and Geography. “In the aftermath of a disaster, time really matters,” he said. Using AI, he identified 7,000 landslides after the Taiwan earthquake, within three hours of the satellite imagery being acquired. Since the earthquake, Nava has been developing his AI method alongside an international team. By employing a set of satellite technologies — including satellites that can see through clouds and at night — the researchers hope to enhance AI’s landslide detection capabilities. Nava is training AI to identify landslides in two types of satellite images — visual images of the ground surface and radar (雷达) data, the latter of which can see through cloud cover and even acquire images at night. Radar images can, however, be difficult to interpret, as they use greyscale to illustrate contrasting surface properties and landscape features can also appear strange. These challenges make radar data well-suited for AI-assisted analysis, helping identify features that may otherwise go unnoticed. By combining the cloud-penetrating capabilities of radar with the fidelity (准确度) of visual images, Nava hopes to build an AI-powered model that can accurately spot landslides even in poor weather conditions. His trial following the 2024 Taiwan earthquake showed promise, detecting thousands of landslides that would otherwise go unnoticed beneath cloud cover. But Nava acknowledges that there is still more work needed, both to improve the model’s accuracy and its transparency (透明度). He wants to build trust in the model and ensure its outputs are interpretable and actionable by decision-makers. “Very often, the decision-makers are not the ones who developed the algorithm (算法),” said Nava. “AI can feel like a black box. Its internal logic is not always transparent, and that can make people hesitant to act on its outputs.” 1．What is the key value of Nava’s AI method? A．Ability to predict earthquakes. B．Low cost compared to new satellites. C．Potential to replace human responders. D．Efficiency in processing vast amounts of data. 2．What is paragraph 4 mainly about? A．A detailed description of how satellites operate. B．The advantages of visual images over radar data. C．The reasons why AI is needed to interpret radar data. D．The history of using satellites for landslide detection. 3．What can we know about Nava’s AI-powered model from paragraph 5? A．It is still in development. B．It has been used just once. C．It is an alternative of satellite images. D．Its significance has been underestimated. 4．What do Nava’s words imply? A．The model’s performance is not satisfactory. B．Developers should have more trust in the model. C．Decision-makers refuse to understand AI’s internal logic. D．The gap between developers and users needs to be bridged. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．A 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍Nava团队开发的AI方法在台湾地震后探测滑坡的应用、优势及待改进方向。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中的““But mapping landslides from satellite imagery by eye can be time-intensive,” said Lorenzo Nava, who is jointly based at Cambridge’s Departments of Earth Sciences and Geography. “In the aftermath of a disaster, time really matters,” he said. Using AI, he identified 7,000 landslides after the Taiwan earthquake, within three hours of the satellite imagery being acquired.(剑桥大学地球科学系和地理系的Lorenzo Nava说：“但是用肉眼从卫星图像中绘制滑坡地图可能会耗费大量时间。”“灾难过后，时间真的很重要，”他说。利用人工智能，他在获得卫星图像后的三个小时内识别出了台湾地震后的7000处山体滑坡)”可知，Nava的AI方法的核心价值是处理大量数据时效率高。故选D项。 2．主旨大意题。根据第四段中的“Radar images can, however, be difficult to interpret, as they use greyscale to illustrate contrasting surface properties and landscape features can also appear strange. These challenges make radar data well-suited for AI-assisted analysis, helping identify features that may otherwise go unnoticed. (然而，雷达图像很难解释，因为它们使用灰度来说明对比的表面特性和景观特征也可能看起来很奇怪。这些挑战使得雷达数据非常适合人工智能辅助分析，有助于识别那些否则可能会被忽略的特征)”可知，该段主要说明需要AI解读雷达数据的原因。故选C项。 3．细节理解题。根据第五段“His trial following the 2024 Taiwan earthquake showed promise, detecting thousands of landslides that would otherwise go unnoticed beneath cloud cover. But Nava acknowledges that there is still more work needed, both to improve the model’s accuracy and its transparency (清晰度).(他在2024年台湾地震后的试验显示出了希望，发现了数千次山体滑坡，否则这些山体滑坡在云层下会被忽视。但Nava承认，要提高模型的准确性和透明度，还需要做更多的工作)”可知，Nava的AI驱动模型仍在开发中。故选A项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的““Very often, the decision-makers are not the ones who developed the algorithm,” said Nava. “AI can feel like a black box. Its internal logic is not always transparent, and that can make people hesitant to act on its outputs.” (“通常，决策者并不是开发算法的人，”Nava说。“人工智能可能感觉像一个黑盒子。它的内部逻辑并不总是透明的，这可能会让人们在根据其输出采取行动时犹豫不决。”)”可知，Nava的话暗示开发者和使用者（决策者）之间存在认知差距，需要弥合。故选D项。 主题03 人与自然 Passage 1 （2026届浙江省强基联盟高三上学期10月一模英语试题）When we think about what makes humans unique, a good sense of humor is often high on the list. Laughter and playful teasing seem like traits only we possess. However, recent research suggests that animals — particularly great apes — may also engage in behavior that resembles humor. A study led by primatologist (灵长类动物学家) Isabelle Laumer at the Max Planck Institute reveals fascinating insights. “We documented young apes deliberately sneaking up to hit adults, then waiting expectantly for a reaction,” Laumer explains. “This isn’t random play — it meets all the criteria of intentional teasing.” Over 75 hours of video recordings showed this behavior mirrors how human children joke: repetitive, surprising, and aimed at seeking responses. The researchers noted that the apes even paused to watch for the adult’s reaction, much like a child waiting to see if their joke landed. But humor in animals may not be limited to apes. Dog owners often notice their pets making breathy, snorting sounds during play, which some scientists interpret as laughter. In a 2025 study, researchers found that playing these sounds to shelter dogs reduced their stress levels. Similarly, dolphins emit joyful sounds during play-fighting, elephants trumpet excitedly when playing, and some parrots tease other animals — like confusing dogs with whistles — just for fun. Why might animals exhibit humor? In humans, laughter strengthens social connections and eases tension. Scientists argue that playful teasing in apes or “laughter” in dogs could serve a similar purpose — breaking the ice and reinforcing relationships. Some researchers believe these behaviors may have evolved (进化) to help animals manage complex social ranks or reduce conflict. However, Laumer cautions that more research is needed to confirm this theory, as observing humor in animals remains challenging. While we may never know if animals understand punchlines, their behaviors hint at humor’s deep evolutionary roots. As Laumer reflects: “The line between human and animal laughter isn’t as sharp as we thought.” 1．What did Laumer’s study find about young apes? A．They enjoy teasing others. B．They often fight in groups. C．They seek adult protection. D．They learn from human kids. 2．What does the underlined word “trumpet” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Wag. B．Smile. C．Nod. D．Shout. 3．Why might animals show humor? A．To improve social status. B．To strengthen social bonds. C．To win in complex conflicts. D．To get much more pleasure. 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Animal Social Behaviors B．Do Animals Copy Our Laughs? C．Animals Play Tricks Too D．Why Animals Understand Humor? 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了通常人们认为幽默感是人类独有的特质，但近期研究表明，动物（尤其是类人猿）也可能表现出类似幽默的行为，且此类行为或有其进化意义，同时也指出观察动物幽默仍具挑战性，人与动物笑声的界限并非如想象中清晰。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中的““We documented young apes deliberately sneaking up to hit adults, then waiting expectantly for a reaction,” Laumer explains. “This isn’t random play — it meets all the criteria of intentional teasing.” (“我们记录了年轻的猿类故意偷偷摸摸地袭击成年猿，然后期待着成年猿的反应，”劳尔解释说。“这不是随机的游戏——它符合故意戏弄的所有标准。”)”可知，劳尔的研究发现，幼猿会故意捉弄成年猿类。故选A。 2．词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“Similarly, dolphins emit joyful sounds during play-fighting (同样，海豚在打闹时也会发出欢快的声音)”及下文“and some parrots tease other animals — like confusing dogs with whistles — just for fun.( 一些鹦鹉会戏弄其他动物——比如用口哨把狗弄混——只是为了好玩)”可知，此处在描述动物玩耍时的声音表现。由此推知，划线词trumpet是指大象在玩耍时发出声音，与shout“大声叫喊”意思接近。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“In humans, laughter strengthens social connections and eases tension. Scientists argue that playful teasing in apes or “laughter” in dogs could serve a similar purpose — breaking the ice and reinforcing relationships. (对人类来说，笑能加强社会联系，缓解紧张。科学家们认为，猿的嬉闹或狗的“笑”也能起到类似的作用——打破僵局，加强关系)”可知，动物表现幽默可能是为了加强社会联系。故选B。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“When we think about what makes humans unique, a good sense of humor is often high on the list. Laughter and playful teasing seem like traits only we possess. However, recent research suggests that animals — particularly great apes — may also engage in behavior that resembles humor. (当我们思考是什么让人类与众不同时，良好的幽默感往往名列前茅。笑和开玩笑似乎只有我们才拥有。然而，最近的研究表明，动物——尤其是类人猿——也可能有类似幽默的行为)”及下文可知，文章主要介绍研究发现动物（如猿类、狗、海豚、大象、鹦鹉等）会表现出类似幽默的行为（如捉弄、发出类似笑声的声音等），说明动物也会“耍小聪明”。由此可知，“Animals Play Tricks Too(动物也会恶作剧)”适合作本文标题。故选C。 Passage 2 （2026届浙江省天域全国名校协作体高三一模英语试题）Doctor Dolittle, the well-known, fictional naturalist who famously possesses the ability to converse with animals and understand their languages has now inspired a high-paying science prize aimed at cracking the challenge of interspecies communication. A grand prize of $500,000, awaits whichever research team can make real progress: not just decoding the language of another species but using it to draw a reply from an animal. Last week, an initial $100,000 went to a US team studying dolphin whistles — after decades of recording bottlenose dolphins in Florida, they identified around 20 distinct messaging whistles. The Coller Dolittle Challenge financed by Jeremy Coller, a vegan and animal lover, is unashamedly modelled on the Turing test (图灵测试). That 20th-century test promotes efforts to design a machine capable of imitating human conversation, and became a touchstone in the evolution of AI. It also became a focus for concerns about machines tricking, even taking over, humans. The ability to commune with other species is likely to raise similar, unsettling questions as research progresses. If we were able to decode animal chatter, should this knowledge change how we treat them, whether as pets, labour or food? The prize presents a moral challenge and it forces us to reconsider our relationships with other species. Philosopher Jonathan Birch, also a judge of the Jeremy Coller Centre, stressed that the Challenge is looking beyond the interspecies communication we have with pets, or that a farmer has with a sheepdog. Those relationships involve signalling and behavioural responses, Birch explains, “but that’s not telling us how animals communicate with each other... this prize is about understanding it so well that we can start to join the conversation.” While Coller hopes his charity will reshape our attitude to animals, the truth is that even groundbreaking research has largely failed to move the dial on their welfare. Recent work on cephalopod’s (头足类动物) intelligence has not stopped plans to farm the creatures. We might one day be able to understand what animals are saying — but there is no guarantee we will listen. 1．Why is Turing test mentioned in the passage? A．To stress its role and value in AI progress. B．To show its difference from the Challenge. C．To warn of concerns the Challenge may face. D．To show its use in interspecies communication. 2．Which research would Birch approve of to win the prize? A．People communicating with their pets. B．People directing sheepdogs during work. C．Researchers recording how cattle communicate. D．Researchers interacting with birds using whistles. 3．What does the “move the dial” mean in the last paragraph? A．Make a change. B．Win the prize. C．Slow the process. D．Continue the research. 4．What’s the author’s attitude toward the practical effect of the research? A．Optimistic. B．Doubtful. C．Objective. D．Dismissive. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．A 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍以杜立德医生为灵感设立的科勒·杜立德挑战奖，旨在推动跨物种交流研究，同时探讨该研究面临的道德问题与实际效果争议。 1．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“The Coller Dolittle Challenge financed by Jeremy Coller, a vegan and animal lover, is unashamedly modelled on the Turing test (图灵测试). That 20th-century test promotes efforts to design a machine capable of imitating human conversation, and became a touchstone in the evolution of AI. It also became a focus for concerns about machines tricking, even taking over, humans. The ability to commune with other species is likely to raise similar, unsettling questions as research progresses. (由素食主义者兼动物爱好者杰里米·科勒资助的“科勒·杜立德挑战奖”，毫不避讳地以图灵测试为蓝本。这项诞生于20世纪的测试，推动了人们研发能够模仿人类对话的机器，成为人工智能发展史上的一块试金石。它同时也引发了人们的担忧——担心机器会欺骗甚至掌控人类。而随着研究的推进，与其他物种进行交流的能力，也可能引发类似的、令人不安的问题)”可知，提及图灵测试是为了指出该挑战奖可能面临与图灵测试类似的担忧。故选C项。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段“Philosopher Jonathan Birch, also a judge of the Jeremy Coller Centre, stressed that the Challenge is looking beyond the interspecies communication we have with pets, or that a farmer has with a sheepdog. Those relationships involve signalling and behavioural responses, Birch explains, “but that’s not telling us how animals communicate with each other... this prize is about understanding it so well that we can start to join the conversation.”(哲学家乔纳森·伯奇同时也是杰里米·科勒中心的评委，他强调，该挑战关注的跨物种交流，远不止我们与宠物之间、或是农民与牧羊犬之间的那种交流。伯奇解释道：“那些关系涉及信号传递和行为反应，但这并不能让我们了解动物之间是如何交流的……这个奖项的目的，是要充分理解动物间的交流方式，从而让我们能够参与到这种交流之中。”)”可知，伯奇认可的获奖研究应是能让人类参与到动物交流中的研究，“研究人员用口哨与鸟类互动”符合“参与交流”的特点。故选D项。 3．词句猜测题。根据最后一段中的“While Coller hopes his charity will reshape our attitude to animals, the truth is that even groundbreaking research has largely failed to move the dial on their welfare. Recent work on cephalopod’s intelligence has not stopped plans to farm the creatures.(虽然科勒希望他的慈善项目能改变我们对动物的态度，但事实是，即使是突破性的研究，在很大程度上也未能move the dial动物的福利状况。最近关于头足类动物智力的研究，也未能阻止养殖这类动物的计划)”可知，“头足类动物智力研究未能阻止其养殖计划”是对“未能move the dial on their welfare”的举例说明，由此可推测“move the dial”意为“产生改变、带来影响”。故选A项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“While Coller hopes his charity will reshape our attitude to animals, t$ 专题05 阅读理解（说明文） 主题01 人与自我——生活与学习 Passage 1 （浙江省富阳中学2025-2026学年高三上学期第四次三校联考英语试题）Carl Behnke, a food safety expert at Purdue University, had always wondered how clean his reusable water bottle was. After stuffing paper towels inside and pulling them out, he was shocked to see how dirty they became. This inspired him to design a study. Behnke and colleagues stopped passers-by in a corridor at Purdue and asked if they would be happy to loan their water bottles to them as part of their research—to see how clean they were. “One thing that stood out from the project was the number of people who didn’t want to know the results,” recalls Behnke. “Basically, they knew that their cleaning habits were poor to non-existent—something the data later confirmed.” Research shows that reusable water bottles can harbor millions of bacteria. A study found that water in bottles used by adults went from about 75,000 bacteria per milliliter in the morning to over 1-2 million by the end of the day. Contamination often comes from the drinker’s hands, mouth, and the outside of the bottle. Those who don’t wash their hands regularly may introduce harmful germs like E. coli into their bottles. While most bacteria are harmless, they can pose risks, especially for individuals with weakened immune systems. Additionally, drinks that contain sugar can feed bacteria, promoting growth and making the situation worse. Although serious illnesses from reusable bottles are rare, it’s still crucial to maintain good hygiene (卫生). To reduce bacterial growth, it’s recommended to clean your water bottle regularly. Behnke’s research indicated that participants who used brushes or dishwashers had the lowest bacteria counts. Cleaning should involve hot water and soap, letting the bottle sit for about ten minutes before rinsing (彻底冲洗) thoroughly. It’s essential to let the bottle air-dry to prevent moisture (水分) buildup, which encourages bacteria. And proper handwashing before touching your clean bottle can also help minimize contamination. 1．What can be inferred about the participants according to paragraph 2? A．They actively engaged in the study. B．They were aware of their poor hygiene. C．They thought the study was unnecessary. D．They were confident about the study results. 2．What does the underlined word “Contamination” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Infection. B．Purification. C．Destruction. D．Pollution. 3．What’s a recommended approach to reducing bacteria growth? A．Using brushes with hot soapy water. B．Wiping with clean dry towels. C．Rinsing for about ten minutes each time. D．Washing hands regularly with soap. 4．What can be the best title of the text? A．Are You Using the Right Water Bottle? B．Does Your Water Bottle Make You Sick? C．Are You Cleaning Your Water Bottle Enough? D．Should You Stop Using Reusable Water Bottle? Passage 2 （2026届浙江省ZDB联盟高三一模英语试题）When we think about high school’s lasting impact, we often focus on grade point averages, extracurricular activities, and close friendships. But according to a new study, the influence of high school stretches far beyond the teenage years and into our very bodies. The study tracked a nationally representative sample of individuals who were high school sophomores (二年级的) and seniors in 1980. Researchers followed these participants into their early 50s and found strong links between high school experience and midlife body mass index (BMI). This relationship held even when accounting for college education, academic attainment, and weight during high school itself. This research argues that high schools are more than institutions of learning — they are health shapers. For decades, we’ve known that educational attainment is linked to health outcomes, including weight. But this study pushes the timeline back, suggesting that the process of becoming educated — especially the early stages that happen in high school — is just as crucial. So, what parts of high school matter? It turns out that attending private schools, being in high socioeconomic status (High-SES) environments, and enrolling in advanced curricular tracks were associated with lower midlife BMI, especially for women. These factors weren’t just minor contributors; they maintained their influence even after researchers controlled for a host of variables like college degrees and adult income. Interestingly, popularity during high school also played a role for women. In a society where women and girls face heightened pressure around body image, early social acceptance may help establish healthier long-term habits and body ideals. The gender differences in this study are striking. For women, both family and school SES, along with popularity, were significantly linked to adult weight. For men, the connection existed but was less pronounced. One possible reason? The cultural landscape. Girls and women often deal with more pressure to be thin and face harsher judgment about their weight than boys and men. These pressures likely strengthen how high school experiences — both academic and social — shape long-term behaviors and self-perceptions. 1．What does the study mainly reveal about high schools? A．They predict academic success. B．They foster social relationships. C．They determine career achievements. D．They shape long- term physical health. 2．Which factor relates to lower adult BMI for women? A．Adult income status. B．High school popularity. C．College degree level. D．High school sports activities. 3．Why do gender differences exist in findings? A．Social expectations. B．Economic policies. C．Educational resources. D．Biological distinctions. 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Gender Differences in Educational Environments B．The Link Between School Grades and Adult Success C．High School’s Long- Term Impact on Physical Health D．The Role of Social Activities in adolescent Development Passage 3 （浙江省杭州第二中学2025-2026学年高三上学期10月月考英语试题）We all pursue an ideal weight number for health and confidence, often using childhood memories, online calculators or BMI charts. However, Dr. Yoni Freedhoff warns these methods fail to consider individual differences. Our bodies change dramatically with age due to metabolism (新陈代谢) and lifestyle. For decades, Body Mass Index (BMI) dominated weight assessments. This simple height-weight calculation sorts people from underweight to overweight. Yet Dr. Melanie Jay from NYU points out its problems: BMI gives the same ranges for 20-year-old athletes and 70-year-old grandparents. It ignores muscle mass, bone density, and health conditions, sometimes regarding fit individuals as overweight. Recent studies show that nearly 30% of people classified as overweight by BMI actually have healthy body fat percentages and normal metabolic profiles. Newer metrics like the Body Roundness Index (BRI) focus on waist size instead of weight. “Belly fat is more dangerous than overall weight,” says Dr. Jay. Research indicates fat around organs produces harmful chemicals linked to diabetes and heart disease. However, even BRI has limitations — it can’t distinguish between fat types or account for medical conditions affecting belly size, such as digestive disorders. Doctors increasingly emphasize overall health markers over specific weights. “Instead of focusing on a’magic number,’ we examine blood pressure, cholesterol (胆固醇), sleep quality and energy levels,” notes Dr. Jay. For those with weight-related conditions, even 5-10% weight loss can significantly improve health. A 2023 study found patients who achieved modest weight reduction showed better health markers than those pursuing extreme weight loss. The healthiest weight, experts agree, isn’t found on charts but through sustainable habits. “When you eat nutritiously and stay active, your body finds its natural healthy weight,” advises Dr. Freedhoff. For some, medications or surgery may help, but the real goal is lifestyle change — not to achieve an ideal number on your scale. True health,after all, is measured not by a momentary reading on a scale, but by the daily choices that nourish both body and life. 1．Why does the author mention 20-year-old athletes and 70-year-old grandparents? A．To show BMI’s limitations. B．To prove BMI’s popularity. C．To describe BMI’s main users. D．To introduce BMI’s target group. 2．What is the main advantage of BRI? A．It clarifies different kinds of fat. B．It evaluates all types of body fat. C．It measures highly risky body fat. D．It identifies harmful chemicals in fat. 3．What is Dr. Jay’s suggestion for weight assessment? A．Stopping using BMI. B．Focusing on specific weights. C．Considering multiple health signs. D．Adopting rapid weight loss approaches. 4．What does the author think of people’s pursuing an ideal weight number? A．Reasonable. B．Unhelpful. C．Dangerous. D．Practical. 主题02 人与自我——做人与做事 Passage 1 （2026届浙江省杭州市上城区等5地高三一模英语试题）“When my husband does the dishes he always leaves some plates in the sink, some surface unwiped. I tried to correct the behavior until I remembered that if I finish everything in my Work in Progress folder I’m afraid I’ll die,” Sarah Manguso once said. Yet the truth is that completion recharges energy, rather than using it up. Perfectionists love to begin new projects, because as long as you haven’t done any work on a project, it’s possible to believe that the end result might match the ideal in your mind. By contrast, finishing things means struggling your way through the messy, imperfect reality. Social psychologists describe what’s going on here with “construal level theory”, which refers to the way we envision objects and events from different mental altitudes. For example, when considering how to spend your next summer holiday, you’re likely to picture it from 30,000 feet — “going to the beach”, or “hiking in the mountains”. But when it nears, you start focusing on details like which beach, or mountain trails. Similarly, any major undertaking starts as outlines, smooth; only when digging in do you face imperfections and then mistakenly assume that a new project might be free of them. And yet, in reality, repeatedly starting but rarely finishing things is a recipe for suffering. People think finishing things “would exhaust even more of their energy and they get tired just thinking about it”, Steve Chandler writes. They don’t see “that leaving things unfinished is what’s causing the low levels of energy”. The trick to finishing things is simply to redefine what counts as finished. Instead of viewing a project’s completion as only occasional, after days or weeks of work, think of your days as sequential (连续的) small “deliverables.” Each ending provides an energy-boost for the next. “Work is done, then forgotten,” says the Tao Te Ching (《道德经》), “Therefore it lasts forever.” You’re no longer fighting the current, but letting it carry you forward. 1．According to paragraph 2, perfectionists ________. A．see a job through its end B．tend to start new projects repeatedly C．focus not on the result but on the process D．solve problems efficiently without much effort 2．Which is the best understanding of “construal level theory”? A．Early plan simplifies tasks. B．Unfinished work exhausts energy. C．Abstract goals are less motivating. D．Judgement shifts with mental distance. 3．What does the underlined word “deliverables” in paragraph 5 probably refer to? A．Tracking tools. B．Valuable parcels. C．Finished tasks. D．Demanding projects. 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．The Truth of Completion B．The Power of Imperfection C．A Guide to Starting Projects D．Perfectionism in Daily Work Passage 2 （2026届浙江省浙江省新阵地教育联盟高三上学期第一次模拟预测英语试题）Why do some people feel such a strong bond with celebrities, and what does this reveal about their personality and values? A new study published in the International Journal of Psychology has found that people who strongly admire celebrities tend to score higher in both materialism and narcissism (自恋). The study also found that people who perceive themselves as similar to their favorite celebrity are more likely to have these attitudes. The study, conducted by Davis, Locker, and Williams, recruited 215 undergraduates, mostly women, who completed a battery of questionnaires measuring their attitudes toward celebrities, materialistic values, and narcissistic tendencies. Participants also answered newly created questions that assessed how similar they felt to their favorite celebrity in terms of personality, appearance, or lifestyle. Celebrity worship was assessed with the Celebrity Attitude Scale (量表). Materialism was measured by examining how much value people place on owning things, how important possessions are to their identity, and whether they believe material goods make them happier. Narcissism was measured in two forms: grandiose narcissism (characterized by confidence, entitlement, and dominance) and vulnerable narcissism (marked by insecurity, sensitivity to criticism, and a preoccupation with self-image). The results showed a consistent relationship between celebrity worship and materialism. People who scored higher on celebrity worship also tended to place greater importance on money, status, and possessions. When it came to narcissism, only the vulnerable type, people with higher levels of emotional insecurity and self-focus, were more likely to feel strongly connected to celebrities. Most importantly, perceived similarity — whether in appearance, behavior, or personality — stood out as one of the strongest predictors of celebrity worship. The researchers concluded, “celebrity worship is a complex construct, but perceived similarity with a favorite celebrity and vulnerable narcissism may be fruitful avenues for future research.” Still, an important question remains: do people idolize celebrities because they already feel similar to them, or do they start to see themselves as similar after forming an emotional attachment? 1．What is paragraph 2 about? A．The research background. B．The research subjects. C．The research results. D．The research method. 2．According to the study, who are more likely to worship celebrities? A．Those indifferent to wealth and social status. B．Those valuing self-confidence and dominance. C．Those emotionally insecure and self-focused. D．Those seeking spiritual growth beyond possessions. 3．According to the researchers, what might be a direction of future research? A．Celebrity worship. B．Grandiose narcissism. C．Materialism. D．Perceived similarity. 4．What is the main purpose of the text? A．To explain celebrity worship psychology. B．To warn against the dangers of celebrity culture. C．To criticize celebrity materialism and narcissism. D．To describe scales for measuring personality traits. Passage 3 （2026届浙江省ZFJ联盟高三上学期第一次联考英语试题）As we enter a period of profound economic uncertainty, presaged (预示) by recent high-profile layoffs and a culture of “quiet quitting”, thinking about the future of work might well seem a daunting (令人生畏的) prospect. Indeed, an ever-increasing digital skills gap threatens to stop businesses adopting the game-changing technologies that will help to power growth in the months and years ahead. For instance, with each exciting new technology comes a growing concern about whether we have a digitally savvy (精明的) workforce ready to take advantage of it. After all, keeping the workforce up to speed with the latest advances is a key element of the digital transformation process, which will prove essential if we hope to improve business productivity and efficiency alongside our efforts to achieve sustained growth. Likewise, at the World Economic Forum’s annual meeting in Davos, the cybersecurity skills gap was named as one particular area of concern. There’s good reason for this focus: if businesses can’t protect themselves against external threats, they risk going backwards. And that’s before they even start thinking about achieving growth. This is why we need to address the digital skills gap urgently. Well, we should start by changing the narrative to help us recruit and retain from a more diverse pool of talent, giving businesses a far better chance of finding the up-to-date digital skills they need. And, when it comes to engaging and empowering the current workforce, learning and development opportunities will be key, helping employees to improve their skills for the benefit of both themselves and their employers. To make this all happen, leaders and employers must demonstrate a commitment to teaching their workforces digital skills by setting clear expectations and providing all the resources required. One approach, for example, would be to focus on the potential in the existing talent pool by identifying those already skilled in digital capabilities and supporting them to up skill their colleagues. Creating a culture of learning, with an emphasis on personal growth, can be an impressive motivator in the workplace. Of course, it’s all well and good saying that digital skills are vital, but a workforce with purely hard skills will not future-proof a business. There’s a need for soft skills that support the broader goal, so as not to neglect the other competencies required in a digital transformation: communication, critical thinking, creative design skills, and leadership. To exploit the technology to its full potential, such qualities are equally important. Fundamentally, getting the interaction right between humans and technology will be paramount if businesses are to succeed. As a result, human skills must not be underestimated. Every business will need a range of people with a variety of skills — not only those well-versed in math, engineering, and science, but also those with creative minds and leadership qualities. 1．The writer’s main concern in the digital transformation process is . A．the threats from technology B．the challenge of upskilling workforces C．the culture of quiet quitting D．the shortage of experienced workers 2．It can be learned from Paragraph 4 and 5 that . A．the workplace plays a key role in a company B．high requirements of recruitment ensure a sound workforce C．employers should develop a learning culture inside their workforces D．business leaders should focus on the training of the existing talent pool 3．What does the underlined word “paramount” in the last paragraph probably mean? A．Crucial. B．Beneficial. C．Challenging D．Inspiring 4．What might be the purpose of the passage? A．To advocate the necessity of improving digital skills. B．To warn humans of the potential problems with technology. C．To stress the importance of combining hard skills with soft skills. D．To urge companies to make a balance between hard skills and soft skills. 主题03 人与社会——社会服务与人际沟通 Passage 1 （2026届浙江省鄞州中学等十二校联考高三上学期第一次适应性考试英语学科试卷）Social media influencer marketing has become an increasingly popular strategy for brands to reach consumers. Influencers, with their large followings and the ability to engage audiences, are seen as powerful tools for promoting products and services. However, while influencer marketing shows great potential, its effectiveness metrics, mainly centered around follower count, engagement rate, and reach, have significant limitations. These metrics are good at identifying influencers with a wide audience reach, but they struggle to distinguish between influencers who can drive actual sales and those who only generate surface-level engagement. For example, an influencer might have a high number of followers and a seemingly impressive engagement rate, but their audience may not be the right target for a particular brand’s products. This means that a brand could invest heavily in an influencer campaign based on these metrics, only to see minimal return on investment. This limitation may not be a major concern for brands that focus on increasing brand awareness in a broad sense. But for those aiming to achieve specific business goals, such as driving e-commerce sales or boosting product sign-ups, it can lead to wasted resources and missed opportunities. In their current form, these effectiveness metrics have several drawbacks. First, follower count can be inflated through fake followers or bots, creating a false impression of an influencer’s reach. Engagement rates can also be misleading, as some influencers may use tactics like “like-for-like” exchanges or buy fake comments to artificially boost numbers. Moreover, the concept of reach doesn’t consider the quality of the audience reached. A large reach among an uninterested or mismatched audience is of little value to a brand. To address these issues and provide brands with a more accurate understanding of an influencer’s true value, several solutions can be considered. One approach is to analyze an influencer’s audience demographics in more detail. Brands should look beyond basic metrics and study factors such as the age, gender, location, interests, and purchasing behavior of an influencer’s followers. By doing so, they can determine whether the influencer’s audience aligns with their target market. Another key measure is to track the actual conversion rates resulting from influencer campaigns. Instead of relying solely on engagement and reach, brands should monitor how many clicks, purchases, or sign-ups an influencer drives. This data provides a more direct indication of an influencer’s ability to generate business results. Additionally, brands can conduct A/B testing, comparing the performance of different influencers or influencer strategies, to identify the most effective approaches. While these effectiveness metrics alone can’t ensure the success of influencer marketing campaigns, implementing these improvements can make the evaluation process more reliable. This, in turn, helps brands make more informed decisions, optimize their marketing budgets, and achieve better results from influencer partnerships. 1．What function can the current effectiveness metrics of influencer marketing serve? A．They can help brands accurately measure sales growth. B．They can assist in identifying influencers with broad reach. C．They can guarantee a high return on investment for brands. D．They can effectively distinguish high-performing influencers. 2．What can be inferred from an influencer having a high engagement rate? A．Their audience is highly interested in the promoted products. B．They are definitely capable of driving significant sales. C．The engagement rate might not reflect real influence. D．They have a large number of loyal and active followers. 3．What contributes to a more accurate evaluation of an influencer’s value? A．Focusing solely on the follower count and reach. B．Relying on the engagement rate as the main criterion. C．Analyzing the demographics and conversion rates of the audience. D．Conducting surveys about the influencer’s personal reputation. 4．What is the main purpose of this passage? A．To compare different influencer marketing strategies. B．To expose the false data in influencer marketing metrics. C．To present the advantages of influencer marketing. D．To propose improvements for influencer marketing effectiveness metrics Passage 2 （浙南名校联盟2025-2026学年高三上学期十月联考英语试题）Picture this, you win two tickets to a sold-out concert and eagerly text to ask your friends if they’d like to join. There comes their response “Maybe.” Your mood immediately turns, for you need to wait for their decisions before you can figure out your plans for the concert. If you’ve experienced anything like the above anecdote, you’re not alone. People responding “maybe” to invitations is a common yet annoying aspect of social life. What goes on in people’s heads when they aren’t sure whether to accept an invitation? Social invitations can be a delicate dance. People often misread what someone extending an invitation wants to hear and overestimate an inviter’s likelihood of preferring a “maybe” over a “no.” Moreover, they fail to realize how much more disrespected people feel when they receive a “maybe” in response to their invitation. Naturally, we wanted to figure out why this awkward dynamic plays out. We found that it’s largely due to something called “motivated reasoning.” Motivated reasoning occurs when a person interprets information in a biased (有偏差的) way to suit their own wishes. In other words, invitees convince themselves that inviters want to hear “maybe” instead of “no” because a “maybe” is better for the invitees, allowing them to leave their options open. Besides, people tend to overestimate the negative consequences of saying “no” to invitations, thinking it will upset, anger and disappoint inviters. However, there were certain situations that made people more comfortable saying “no” to an invitation. When recipients of an invitation put themselves in the shoes of the person extending the invitation, they are more likely to realize that they’d probably prefer a definite answer. When the participants get invited to do something they didn’t want to do, they had no desire to keep their options open. The motivated reasoning then became irrelevant. While navigating social situations can be tricky, being direct and definite is sometimes best. It might reduce your options. But it’ll keep those who invite you from being left uncertain and maybe they’ll still think of you when the next concert comes to town. 1．Why is the concert anecdote mentioned at the beginning? A．To explain the background of the invitation. B．To stress the importance of quick replies. C．To encourage immediate decision- making. D．To introduce a common social situation. 2．What is the main reason for the response of “maybe” to an invitation? A．A biased interpretation of social cues. B．A desire for harmonious communication. C．An underestimation of refusal consequence. D．An understanding of the inviter’s expectation. 3．What is the author’s suggestion in the last paragraph? A．Keeping your options open for better plans. B．Accepting invitations to maintain friendships. C．Prioritizing clear response over open options. D．Thinking twice before refusing an invitation. 4．What is the best title for the passage? A．The Psychology behind “Maybe” B．The Hidden Consequence of “Maybe” C．“Maybe”: A Polite Escape from Conflict D．“Maybe”: A Perfect Solution to Invitations Passage 3 （浙江省宁波市鄞州中学2024-2025学年高三考前适应性考试英语科试卷）CPR and basic first aid care are skills that millions acquire. Now this same type of training is available for mental health. Sigma Theta Alpha (STA), a professional health organization at UConn (University of Connecticut), has taken the lead to bring the program to campus, ensuring each student can benefit from it. Mental Health First Aid training is a national initiative that is performed locally by Mental Health Connecticut, a statewide non-profit organization. The group has come to UConn three times for training. “We introduce information on mental illness with the basic facts. We don’t teach how to diagnose — we do the opposite. Labeling and jumping to conclusions based on symptoms and behaviors are harmful and dangerous, because that is for professionals,” says Valerie Cooper, a community educator for the organization. Like CPR, Mental Health First Aid is a universal experience taught the same way everywhere. The program is split into classroom-style work, watching videos, and simulation of real-life issues. The action plan taught works under the acronym of ALGEE — Assess for risk of harm, Listen non-judgmentally, Give reassurance and information, Encourage appropriate professional help, and Encourage self-help and other support strategies. “Being a mental health first aider is to listen non-judgmentally and create a space of trust,” says Cooper. “We teach people that listening will be more important than anything they say.” UConn nursing major Lisa Iwanicki, 18, is a member of Sigma Theta Alpha. Iwanicki says she got a lot out of the simulation activities. “It was cool to be in a room with people who wanted to help make a change. It was not just about learning the signs of mental illness, but what someone can do in the community to help,” says Iwanicki. “Recovery is possible. The most important thing is to keep people hopeful. You have to try and try.” 1．What is the aim of Sigma Theta Alpha? A．To evaluate students’ behaviors. B．To teach students basic first aid skills. C．To treat students’ health issues. D．To enhance students’ mental well-being. 2．What should be stressed in communication according to Valerie Cooper? A．Giving personal suggestions. B．Avoiding rush judgement. C．Creating a private space. D．Reducing interaction. 3．What did Lisa Iwanicki learn according to the last paragraph? A．The best way to treat mental illness. B．The key to providing assistance. C．The benefits of helping the community. D．The different signs of body recovery. 4．What is the passage mainly about? A．A student care project at UConn. B．Development of CPR skills. C．A professional health organization. D．Campus activities of UConn. 主题04 人与社会——文学，艺术与体育 Passage 1 （2025届浙江省台州市高三下学期第二次教学质量评估英语试题）Olivia and I became instant friends in a writing class many years ago. I made a joke about a poorly crafted story. While others just stared blankly, Olivia laughed. That moment marked the beginning of our bond. It’s an example of how friendship often forms unexpectedly. Recent research reveals that the development of closeness is actually more complex. Sociologists and psychologists have identified delicate but profound factors that draw people together, and even determine what defines a “best friend.” These interactions are extremely small but important; they are the “dark matter” of friendship. Closeness and routine encounters lay the foundation for friendship. A classic study has shown that people often befriend those who they regularly interact with—neighbors, colleagues or classmates. However, physical closeness alone isn’t enough. Shared interests like hobbies or humor spark connections. In reality, true friendship blossoms when we go deeper and open up to each other. Self-disclosure marks the shift from casual acquaintance to true friendship. A simple “Can I talk to you for a minute?” might initiate a deeper connection. As Sociologist Beverley Fehr explains in her book Friendship Processes, transforming from acquaintanceship to friendship involves gradually sharing more personal information. It’s a reciprocal (互惠的) process: one person opens up, and the other responds in kind. Reciprocity is the most decisive in developing friendship. When I started my first job in a bookstore, I grew close to an assistant. Almost every day we shared lunch with each other and bonded while working for a difficult boss. However, when she moved to a new job, our relationship began to change. I started sharing more about my personal life, but she never did the same. Eventually, our lunches petered out to once a month, before she drifted out of my life for good. I was eager to tell her my problems, but she was unwilling to share hers. The necessary reciprocity was missing, so our acquaintanceship never tipped over into friendship. 1．Why is Olivia mentioned in paragraph 1? A．To show a keen interest in writing. B．To describe a mixed reaction to a joke. C．To initiate the topic of friendship formation. D．To illustrate the importance of humour sense. 2．What does “dark matter” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Conflict-free social factors. B．Simple yet close connections. C．Non-light-emitting materials. D．Minute but significant interactions. 3．What stopped the author developing friendship with the assistant? A．The author’s talkative personality. B．The company’s tight schedule. C．The assistant’s unresponsive behavior. D．The boss’s unpleasant character. 4．What contributes most to a true friendship? A．Regular meeting. B．Mutual openness. C．Common ground. D．Comfortable distance. Passage 2 （2026届浙江省Z20名校联盟高三上学期第一次联考适应性考试英语试题）Ecotourism has become an increasingly popular way for travelers to explore the world while minimizing their environmental impact. Unlike traditional tourism, which often focuses on luxury accommodations and crowded attractions, ecotourism emphasizes responsible travel to natural areas that conserves the environment and improves the well-being of local communities. The core principles of ecotourism include minimizing environmental damage, respecting local cultures, and supporting conservation efforts. Travelers engaging in ecotourism activities typically visit protected areas such as national parks, wildlife reserves, or remote communities. They participate in activities like bird watching, hiking, or learning about traditional crafts from local residents. These experiences not only allow travelers to connect with nature but also contribute to the preservation of fragile ecosystems. One successful example of ecotourism is the Galapagos Islands in Ecuador. Faced with threats from over-tourism in the 20th century, the government implemented strict regulations to protect the unique wildlife and landscapes. Today, visitors to the Galapagos must follow designated routes, be accompanied by certified guides, and pay a conservation fee that funds environmental protection projects. This approach has helped maintain the islands’ biodiversity while providing income for local communities through tourism. Another example is Costa Rica, often regarded as a leader in ecotourism. The country has transformed its natural resources into a sustainable tourism industry, with over 25% of its land protected in national parks and reserves. Tourists can explore rainforests, observe sea turtles nesting, or stay in eco-lodges that use renewable energy and support local farmers. This model has not only preserved Costa Rica’s natural beauty but also reduced poverty in rural areas by creating jobs in tourism. However, ecotourism is not without challenges. Some destinations market themselves as “eco-friendly” without implementing meaningful conservation measures, a practice known as “greenwashing.” Travelers must be cautious and research companies before booking to ensure their tourism dollars support genuine environmental and community initiatives. Additionally, even well-managed ecotourism can have negative impacts if visitor numbers exceed the carrying capacity of an area, leading to habitat disturbance or increased waste. To practice responsible ecotourism, experts recommend choosing small-scale, locally owned accommodations, participating in guided tours led by local experts, and following the “leave no trace” principle by taking all trash with you and avoiding damage to plants and wildlife. By making informed choices, travelers can enjoy meaningful experiences while helping to protect the planet for future generations. 1．What is the main difference between ecotourism and traditional tourism? A．Ecotourism focuses on luxury accommodations. B．Ecotourism emphasizes responsible travel and environmental conservation. C．Traditional tourism only visits natural areas. D．Traditional tourism requires following strict regulations. 2．Why does the author mention the Galapagos Islands? A．To show the negative effects of over-tourism. B．To introduce a popular luxury travel destination. C．To provide a successful example of ecotourism. D．To explain how to get certified as an ecotourism guide. 3．What does the word “greenwashing” in Paragraph 5 probably mean? A．Making false claims about being environmentally friendly. B．Using green colors in tourism advertisements. C．Planting trees to offset carbon emissions from travel. D．Implementing strict environmental protection measures. 4．What is recommended for responsible ecotourism according to the text? A．Choosing large international hotel chains. B．Exploring natural areas without a guide. C．Leaving trash in designated areas. D．Selecting locally owned accommodations. Passage 3 （2026届浙江省鄞州中学等十二校联考高三上学期第一次适应性考试英语学科试卷）In recent years, electric vehicles (EVs) have gained significant popularity as a more environmentally friendly alternative to traditional gasoline-powered cars. However, concerns about their actual environmental impact are growing. For instance, the production of EV batteries requires large amounts of rare earth metals, the mining of which can lead to deforestation, soil erosion, and water pollution. Additionally, the electricity used to charge EVs often comes from power plants that burn fossil fuels, emitting substantial amounts of greenhouse gases. Some studies suggest that in regions heavily dependent on coal for electricity generation, the carbon footprint of EVs during their operation may not be much lower than that of conventional vehicles. Nevertheless, these concerns might be overstated. In fact, EVs may have a much greater potential for environmental benefits than many people realize. The International Council on Clean Transportation (ICCT) predicts that as the share of renewable energy in electricity generation increases, the environmental advantages of EVs will become more pronounced. Currently, only about 20% of the electricity used for EV charging in some regions comes from renewable sources like solar and wind. But as the world transitions to cleaner energy, this percentage is expected to rise significantly. Moreover, EVs contribute to reducing air pollution in urban areas. They produce zero tailpipe emissions, which directly improves local air quality and reduces the health risks associated with breathing polluted air. Automakers and policymakers face the challenge of maximizing the environmental benefits of EVs while minimizing their negative impacts. The ideal solution would be to rapidly increase the proportion of renewable energy in the power grid and improve the efficiency of battery recycling. However, since achieving a fully renewable power grid globally is still a long-term goal, focusing on three more immediate measures is more practical. The first measure is promoting battery recycling. Starting in 2027, some countries will require automakers to take back used EV batteries and recycle at least 70% of the materials. This practice should be adopted more widely. The second measure is optimizing the location of charging stations. By strategically placing charging stations near renewable energy sources, the environmental impact of charging can be further reduced. Third, automakers must invest more in research and development to improve battery technology, making it more energy-efficient and reducing the need for rare earth metals. Strengthening these approaches would help transform EVs from potential environmental concerns into powerful tools for environmental protection. 1．What is the main concern about electric vehicles? A．Their high production costs. B．Their limited driving range. C．Their potential negative environmental impact. D．Their competition with traditional gasoline- powered cars. 2．What can be inferred from the second paragraph? A．The environmental benefits of EVs are already fully realized. B．The environmental advantages of EVs depend on the source of electricity. C．renewable energy currently accounts for most of the electricity used for EV charging. D．EVs have no impact on reducing air pollution in urban areas. 3．Which solution is more practical to maximize the environmental benefits of EVs? A．Achieving a fully renewable power grid globally immediately. B．Banning the use of fossil-fuel-powered power plants. C．Optimizing the location of charging stations near renewable energy sources. D．Encouraging consumers to buy more gasoline-powered cars in the short term. 4．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．Electric Vehicles: A Sure-Fire Solution for the Environment B．The High Cost of Electric Vehicle Batteries C．Electric Vehicles: A Threat or a Hope for the Environment? D．The Future of Traditional Gasoline-Powered Cars 主题01 人与社会——历史，社会与文化 Passage 1 （2026届浙江省湖州市吴兴区等5地高三一模英语试题）How fast do you listen? Hollywood actor Glen Powell likes 1x listening speed, saying, “I want to hear people talk at a normal human rate,” while American comedian Bowen Yang believes 1.8x is the perfect pace. Their debate went viral earlier this year in an advertisement for a streaming platform, which was criticized for suggesting that people who listen quickly are unusual. The controversy reflects a broader change in how people consume digital media. Surveys support this observation. A survey showed that 31% of Americans aged 18-29 listen faster than 1x, compared with only 8% of those over 45. To meet this demand, many platforms such as Apple, Spotify, Netflix and YouTube now provide fast playback (播放) options. Some even allow speeds up to 4x for premium users. The appeal is easy to understand: faster playback can save a large amount of time. YouTube once reported that its viewers together saved more than 900 years per day thanks to this feature. For busy students and workers, such efficiency is attractive. But does speeding affect comprehension? The average person speaks at a rate of about 150 words per minute, but most brains are capable of processing information faster than that, says Marcus Pearce, a cognitive scientist at Queen Mary University of London. A recent meta-analysis led by academics at the University of Waterloo in Canada found that up to 1.5x there was not much of a difference in performance, although scores started to decrease noticeably as playback speeds approached or exceeded 2x. The practice has also raised different opinions. From the platforms’ perspective, faster speeds mean users consume more content, which increases advertising income. But many performers argue that something artistic is lost. Reading aloud involves pacing, tone and pause, and rushing may damage the quality of a performance. Imagine the famous monologues (独白) in Hamlet delivered at double speed — much of the meaning would disappear. Despite the disagreements, fast playback has become part of daily life for many people. For them, to speed or not to speed is no longer a real question. 1．What can be learned about the controversy from paragraph 1? A．An advertisement is well received. B．People prefer different listening speeds. C．Digital media is a topic of much debate. D．Streaming platforms are part of daily life. 2．Why did many platforms introduce faster playback options? A．To attract more elderly listeners. B．To respond to the users’ needs. C．To help people’s comprehension. D．To cut content production costs. 3．What is the author’s purpose in mentioning Hamlet? A．To stress fast speed harms art. B．To show people favor classic works. C．To prove actors dislike fast playback. D．To suggest modern audiences lack patience. 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．The need for fast playback B．The argument over an advertisement C．Higher speed, more profit D．Speedier streaming, less meaning Passage 2 （2026届浙江省湖州市吴兴区等5地高三一模英语试题）I often catch myself asking my questions to AI chatbots with a “please” and a “thank you.” Apparently, I am not alone. A 2024 survey found that approximately 67% of U.S. AI users are also polite and show gratitude toward AI search engines. Some even joked about the cost: if every polite word consumes electricity, the bill must be high. OpenAI’s CEO Sam Altman replied: “Tens of millions of dollars well spent — you never know.” In reality, of course, AI chatbots do not appreciate politeness; they lack consciousness, feelings or social needs. From a purely utilitarian (功利主义的) standpoint, all those pleases and thank yous are just flushing money down the toilet. Still, there may be value that isn’t immediately measurable in showing gratitude toward AI. Psychologists Robert Emmons and Michael McCullough carried out an experiment in which they divided participants into three groups, asking the first to list things they are grateful for, while others listed daily troubles or simply kept journals. After 10 weeks, they found that the first group reported 25% higher happiness levels, stronger inner strength and even better physical health. What’s true of gratitude is also true of kindness and generosity more generally. Experiments at UC Riverside found that performing “five small acts of kindness per week” produced steady increases in happiness. This idea isn’t new. The medieval thinker Maimonides wrote that “it is better for a person to give one coin to a thousand poor people than to give a thousand coins to one poor person.” He believed that regular acts of goodness, like giving charity and expressing gratitude, make us happier in the long run by turning virtue into a habit. So perhaps all of our pleases and thank yous to AI have value, even if they cost OpenAI millions of dollars annually. Showing appreciation, even toward a machine, reinforces positive habits of courtesy (礼貌), patience and empathy. In our increasingly digital and automated world, preserving these human qualities may be more valuable than the cost of a little extra electricity. Ultimately, the beneficiary of our politeness isn’t the AI at all, but ourselves. 1．How does the author introduce the topic in paragraph 1? A．By quoting an expert. B．By telling a story. C．By presenting a phenomenon. D．By defining a concept. 2．What value of gratitude does the experiment in paragraph 3 show? A．It strengthens our bodies and minds. B．It reduces daily stress levels. C．It improves memory and creativity. D．It deepens social relationships. 3．Which of the following would Maimonides most likely approve of? A．Giving gifts to friends on birthdays. B．Making a large donation to a charity. C．Expressing gratitude on Thanksgiving Day. D．Volunteering weekly at a community kitchen. 4．What message does the author mainly convey in the text? A．Courtesy to AI saves electricity bills. B．AI improves the quality of human life. C．Politeness benefits humans rather than AI. D．AI learns empathy from human behavior. Passage 3 （2026届浙江省台州高三一模英语试题）Born between the mid-1990s and early 2010s, Gen Z is often labelled as “digital natives”. Therefore, it may come as a surprise that Gen Z is turning away from screens and heading outdoors. From forest bathing to camping trips, more young adults are embracing nature as part of their lives. Digital burnout is driving change. Gen Z spends more time online than any other generation, with daily screen time averaging 6-9 hours. According to a recent survey by Pew Research Centre, over 60% of Gen Z respondents reported feeling overwhelmed by the pressures of staying digitally connected. Therefore, nature offers an escape. For Gen Z, being outdoors isn't just leisure, it’s a form of essential self-care. Ironically, the very platforms driving digital burnout are now fuelling nature engagement. Social media is not just part of the problem but it’s also part of the solution. Popular hashtags such as #Hiking, #Ice Bathing, #RunningClubs, and #VanLife have received billions of views online. Health and lifestyle influencers share experiences of these activities, reframing nature as desirable and reachable. Although access to nature is still limited by safety concerns, cost, and urban density, Gen Z is adapting as best as they can. From sharing equipment to joining outdoor clubs, they’re finding creative ways to reclaim public spaces. Reconnecting with nature is also driven by environmental values. From eco-tourism to zero-waste hiking, Gen Z approaches outdoor time with purpose. Gen Z is reshaping global movements, using social media to spread climate advocacy and redefine sustainable living. This generation is embracing outdoor experiences that are low-cost, low-tech, and deeply fulfilling. Amongst all these activities, run clubs and social fitness events have exploded in popularity. With a growing number of Gen Z passionate about spending time outdoors, it’s evident that many are turning to nature to restore balance, foster connection, and contribute to a healthier world. 1．What do the numbers in paragraph 2 show? A．Gen Z’s digital overexposure. B．Gen Z’s preference for screens. C．The necessity of digital connection. D．The phenomenon of online addiction. 2．Which best describes social media’s role for Gen Z? A．Double-edged. B．Problem-causing. C．Fun-oriented. D．Ever-changing. 3．What can be inferred from paragraph 4? A．Online platforms advocate eco-tourism. B．Gen Z has strong environmental awareness. C．Engaging in outdoor activities is challenging. D．Social fitness events require high-end equipment. 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．From Clicks to Cliffs: The Call of the Wild B．Beyond the Screen: The Truth of Outdoor Lives C．Gen Z is Swapping Screen Time for Green Time D．Social Media is Leading Gen Z to Outdoor Trips 主题02 人与社会——科学与技术 Passage 1 （2026届浙江省湖州市吴兴区等5地高三一模英语试题）For a long time, scientists believed the beautiful songs of birds were purely a product of instinct (本能). Peter Marler, a pioneering British animal behaviorist, revolutionized this view through his research into how birds actually learn to sing, earning him the title “the father of birdsong.” Marler’s fascination began in his youth, observing chaffinches (苍头燕雀) in the English countryside. He noticed slight but consistent differences in the songs of birds from different regions, much like human dialects. This curiosity defined his career. In the 1950s, he began carefully recording these songs. Using a crucial tool called a spectrogram, which visually represents sound, he was able to scientifically confirm that these regional variations, or “dialects,” were indeed real. His famous study of the white-crowned sparrow in California clearly showed distinct dialects between northern and southern populations. The central question remained: were these dialects inherited or learned? To solve this, Marler designed a series of experiments that would later be regarded as models of clarity. He raised young birds in complete vocal isolation from adults. These isolated birds only produced simple, natural calls, proving that the full, complex song was not automatic. However, when he played recordings of adult songs to them during a critical learning period after hatching, they successfully learned and sang the complete tune. This was decisive evidence that birdsong is a culturally transmitted behavior. Initially, his theory faced doubts from a scientific community that favored instinct-based explanations. The mainstream view still favored instinct, and some dismissed his work as an exception rather than a rule. Marler, however, quietly continued his careful studies. Gradually, his well-designed methods and undeniable evidence won over the community. By transforming lines of numbers into meaningful maps of sound and behavior, he gave the world new eyes to see what had always been hidden in plain hearing. The impact of his work extended far beyond ornithology (鸟类学). It provided a powerful, simpler model for scientists studying the incredibly complex evolution of human language, suggesting our own speech may have roots in similar vocal learning processes. 1．What did Marler find while observing chaffinches? A．Seasonal variations in dialects. B．Regional differences in birdsong. C．Slight changes in bird population. D．Common features in bird species. 2．What do the underlined words “culturally transmitted” mean in paragraph 3? A．Found in human language. B．Spread within a single family. C．Passed down through genes. D．Learned from others in a community. 3．What can we infer about Marler? A．His findings were soon accepted. B．He truly respected others’ opinion. C．He was a patient and careful scientist. D．He was the first to study bird behavior. 4．Why was Marler’s theory significant? A．It supported rare bird protection. B．It proved the once-popular theory. C．It made bird research more popular. D．It promoted the study of human speech. Passage 2 （2026届浙江省台州高三一模英语试题）A new study published in the Journal of Applied Ecology revealed when, where and how most songbirds migrate offshore over North American coasts. This data can help wind energy managers cut down on birds dying from hitting wind turbines (涡轮机) while generating sustainable energy. The researchers studied 10 years of weather radar data from 16 sites and found that birds flying over the Atlantic Coast and the Gulf of Mexico gather more closely and move for a shorter time than those flying over land. More birds also migrate in fall than in spring. Shannon Curley, the study’s lead researcher, explained, “Birds migrate over the sea on fewer nights than over land. There’s no place to rest and refuel on the water, so birds may wait for ideal atmospheric conditions, such as favorable winds, before making an offshore crossing.” This short yet critical time window gives wind energy managers a chance to reduce collisions (相撞). Curley said they could pause turbine work on nights when migration is most intense-a practice that is currently more common in Europe than North America. “These peak nights of migration tend to have fairly nice weather and calmer winds, and are therefore not the nights when wind operators have a huge energy harvest,”Curley noted. “So there might be a sweet spot where we can target these big migration nights and give these birds safe passage.” The study also found that songbirds migrating offshore fly at lower altitudes than those migrating over land, potentially putting them at greater risk of wind turbine collisions. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service says 140,000 to 327,000 birds die from land turbines each year. But no one knows how many die from offshore turbines, since dead birds’ bodies wash away easily. So using radar technology to identify high-risk areas is key. With one-third of all American bird species rapidly declining, data-driven decisions about turbine siting and operations can point the way to sustainable energy while also saving birds. “Our hope is that this work will help identify high-risk, high-use areas for birds and contribute to positive green energy solutions,” Curley said. 1．What can we learn about the songbirds in paragraph 2? A．They favor flying over open seas. B．They become more active on spring nights. C．They are particular about where to rest. D．They time crossings by weather conditions. 2．What does the underlined phrase “a sweet spot” refer to? A．An ideal balance. B．A moral dilemma. C．An opportunity for profit. D．A place without turbines. 3．Why is it difficult to identify high-risk areas offshore? A．Birds change their travelling routes. B．Wind strength at sea is unpredictable. C．Dead birds’ bodies are hard to trace. D．Radar technology is underdeveloped. 4．What does Curley think of the potential application of the new research? A．Risky. B．Promising. C．Productive. D．Challenging. Passage 3 （2026届浙江省杭州市上城区等5地高三一模英语试题）On 3 April 2024, a magnitude 7.4 quake — Taiwan’s strongest in 25 years — shook the island’s eastern coast. Most buildings were undamaged due to strict construction standards, but mountainous and remote villages were destroyed by landslides. When disasters affect large and inaccessible areas, responders often turn to satellite images to locate affected areas and prioritize relief efforts. “But mapping landslides from satellite imagery by eye can be time-intensive,” said Lorenzo Nava, who is jointly based at Cambridge’s Departments of Earth Sciences and Geography. “In the aftermath of a disaster, time really matters,” he said. Using AI, he identified 7,000 landslides after the Taiwan earthquake, within three hours of the satellite imagery being acquired. Since the earthquake, Nava has been developing his AI method alongside an international team. By employing a set of satellite technologies — including satellites that can see through clouds and at night — the researchers hope to enhance AI’s landslide detection capabilities. Nava is training AI to identify landslides in two types of satellite images — visual images of the ground surface and radar (雷达) data, the latter of which can see through cloud cover and even acquire images at night. Radar images can, however, be difficult to interpret, as they use greyscale to illustrate contrasting surface properties and landscape features can also appear strange. These challenges make radar data well-suited for AI-assisted analysis, helping identify features that may otherwise go unnoticed. By combining the cloud-penetrating capabilities of radar with the fidelity (准确度) of visual images, Nava hopes to build an AI-powered model that can accurately spot landslides even in poor weather conditions. His trial following the 2024 Taiwan earthquake showed promise, detecting thousands of landslides that would otherwise go unnoticed beneath cloud cover. But Nava acknowledges that there is still more work needed, both to improve the model’s accuracy and its transparency (透明度). He wants to build trust in the model and ensure its outputs are interpretable and actionable by decision-makers. “Very often, the decision-makers are not the ones who developed the algorithm (算法),” said Nava. “AI can feel like a black box. Its internal logic is not always transparent, and that can make people hesitant to act on its outputs.” 1．What is the key value of Nava’s AI method? A．Ability to predict earthquakes. B．Low cost compared to new satellites. C．Potential to replace human responders. D．Efficiency in processing vast amounts of data. 2．What is paragraph 4 mainly about? A．A detailed description of how satellites operate. B．The advantages of visual images over radar data. C．The reasons why AI is needed to interpret radar data. D．The history of using satellites for landslide detection. 3．What can we know about Nava’s AI-powered model from paragraph 5? A．It is still in development. B．It has been used just once. C．It is an alternative of satellite images. D．Its significance has been underestimated. 4．What do Nava’s words imply? A．The model’s performance is not satisfactory. B．Developers should have more trust in the model. C．Decision-makers refuse to understand AI’s internal logic. D．The gap between developers and users needs to be bridged. 主题03 人与自然 Passage 1 （2026届浙江省强基联盟高三上学期10月一模英语试题）When we think about what makes humans unique, a good sense of humor is often high on the list. Laughter and playful teasing seem like traits only we possess. However, recent research suggests that animals — particularly great apes — may also engage in behavior that resembles humor. A study led by primatologist (灵长类动物学家) Isabelle Laumer at the Max Planck Institute reveals fascinating insights. “We documented young apes deliberately sneaking up to hit adults, then waiting expectantly for a reaction,” Laumer explains. “This isn’t random play — it meets all the criteria of intentional teasing.” Over 75 hours of video recordings showed this behavior mirrors how human children joke: repetitive, surprising, and aimed at seeking responses. The researchers noted that the apes even paused to watch for the adult’s reaction, much like a child waiting to see if their joke landed. But humor in animals may not be limited to apes. Dog owners often notice their pets making breathy, snorting sounds during play, which some scientists interpret as laughter. In a 2025 study, researchers found that playing these sounds to shelter dogs reduced their stress levels. Similarly, dolphins emit joyful sounds during play-fighting, elephants trumpet excitedly when playing, and some parrots tease other animals — like confusing dogs with whistles — just for fun. Why might animals exhibit humor? In humans, laughter strengthens social connections and eases tension. Scientists argue that playful teasing in apes or “laughter” in dogs could serve a similar purpose — breaking the ice and reinforcing relationships. Some researchers believe these behaviors may have evolved (进化) to help animals manage complex social ranks or reduce conflict. However, Laumer cautions that more research is needed to confirm this theory, as observing humor in animals remains challenging. While we may never know if animals understand punchlines, their behaviors hint at humor’s deep evolutionary roots. As Laumer reflects: “The line between human and animal laughter isn’t as sharp as we thought.” 1．What did Laumer’s study find about young apes? A．They enjoy teasing others. B．They often fight in groups. C．They seek adult protection. D．They learn from human kids. 2．What does the underlined word “trumpet” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Wag. B．Smile. C．Nod. D．Shout. 3．Why might animals show humor? A．To improve social status. B．To strengthen social bonds. C．To win in complex conflicts. D．To get much more pleasure. 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Animal Social Behaviors B．Do Animals Copy Our Laughs? C．Animals Play Tricks Too D．Why Animals Understand Humor? Passage 2 （2026届浙江省天域全国名校协作体高三一模英语试题）Doctor Dolittle, the well-known, fictional naturalist who famously possesses the ability to converse with animals and understand their languages has now inspired a high-paying science prize aimed at cracking the challenge of interspecies communication. A grand prize of $500,000, awaits whichever research team can make real progress: not just decoding the language of another species but using it to draw a reply from an animal. Last week, an initial $100,000 went to a US team studying dolphin whistles — after decades of recording bottlenose dolphins in Florida, they identified around 20 distinct messaging whistles. The Coller Dolittle Challenge financed by Jeremy Coller, a vegan and animal lover, is unashamedly modelled on the Turing test (图灵测试). That 20th-century test promotes efforts to design a machine capable of imitating human conversation, and became a touchstone in the evolution of AI. It also became a focus for concerns about machines tricking, even taking over, humans. The ability to commune with other species is likely to raise similar, unsettling questions as research progresses. If we were able to decode animal chatter, should this knowledge change how we treat them, whether as pets, labour or food? The prize presents a moral challenge and it forces us to reconsider our relationships with other species. Philosopher Jonathan Birch, also a judge of the Jeremy Coller Centre, stressed that the Challenge is looking beyond the interspecies communication we have with pets, or that a farmer has with a sheepdog. Those relationships involve signalling and behavioural responses, Birch explains, “but that’s not telling us how animals communicate with each other... this prize is about understanding it so well that we can start to join the conversation.” While Coller hopes his charity will reshape our attitude to animals, the truth is that even groundbreaking research has largely failed to move the dial on their welfare. Recent work on cephalopod’s (头足类动物) intelligence has not stopped plans to farm the creatures. We might one day be able to understand what animals are saying — but there is no guarantee we will listen. 1．Why is Turing test mentioned in the passage? A．To stress its role and value in AI progress. B．To show its difference from the Challenge. C．To warn of concerns the Challenge may face. D．To show its use in interspecies communication. 2．Which research would Birch approve of to win the prize? A．People communicating with their pets. B．People directing sheepdogs during work. C．Researchers recording how cattle communicate. D．Researchers interacting with birds using whistles. 3．What does the “move the dial” mean in the last paragraph? A．Make a change. B．Win the prize. C．Slow the process. D．Continue the research. 4．What’s the author’s attitude toward the practical effect of the research? A．Optimistic. B．Doubtful. C．Objective. D．Dismissive. Passage 3 （2026届浙江省强基联盟高三上学期10月一模英语试题）As the global population continues to expand, traditional farming methods are struggling to provide enough food. However, an innovative agricultural company in Compton, Los Angeles, may have the solution. Their revolutionary farming system could transform food production, offering remarkable efficiency and sustainability. It’s far from the storybook picture of a farm — no mud, no boots, no hens pecking in the yard. Unlike conventional farms, this high-tech facility operates without soil, heavy machinery, or pesticides. Instead, it relies on automation and advanced plant science to maximize output. Using precisely calibrated (符合标准的) LED lighting and nutrient delivery systems, the facility produces up to 350 times more yields compared to traditional farms while using just 10% of the water — and it can be replicated (复制) almost anywhere. The entire process — from planting seeds to packaging produce — is automated. From the moment a worker tips seeds into the sowing machine, robots take over. Nearly 80 plant scientists study best growing conditions for each plant, working with over 100 engineers who translate these findings into hardware and software solutions. “Plants are really just little software programs,” explains one of the scientists. By studying plant DNA without changing it, scientists can program qualities like growth, flavor, and nutrition. For instance, exposing plants to blue light at specific growth cycles creates leaves with a satisfying crunch at harvest. The same principles can enhance antioxidant levels in vegetables by up to 40%. Since crops never contact soil, pesticides, or human hands, they require no washing — reducing both water waste and contamination risks. One of the greatest threats to the natural world is habitat loss due to farmland expansion. If successful, farms like this could reduce deforestation while meeting food demands. Yet the high costs — including energy-intensive artificial lighting — may block global adoption, particularly in developing nations where infrastructure is limited. Could this be the future of agriculture? With its incredible efficiency, minimal environmental impact, and potential for worldwide replication, this high-tech farming model may soon become essential in feeding our growing world — if the challenges of scaling and affordability can be overcome. 1．What is the main feature of the innovative farming system? A．It demands water-free technology. B．It gets high yields with little input. C．It is widely introduced in the world. D．It mixes old and new farming methods. 2．What is the scientists’ major role in the process of the farming system? A．They are gene editors. B．They are machine operators. C．They are system monitors. D．They are plant programmers. 3．What may limit the worldwide spread of this farming system? A．Low public acceptance. B．Great farmland loss. C．Poor production facilities. D．High energy demands. 4．What is the author’s attitude toward the future of agriculture? A．Optimistic. B．Critical. C．Indifferent. D．Doubtful. / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $