Unit 2 Understanding each other Grammar and usage - Integrated skills- Extended reading 导学案 -2024-2025学年高中英语译林版选择性必修第四册

年 级：高二 科 目：英语 内 容：选择性必修四 U2-2 Grammar and usage - Integrated skills- Extended reading 【同步知识梳理】 1.vocabulary n. 词汇，词汇量 to have a wide/limited vocabulary 词汇量大╱有限 basic vocabulary 基本词汇 the vocabulary of natural science 自然科学词汇 2.preference n. 偏爱；偏爱的事物 preference (for sb/sth) 偏爱；爱好；喜爱 give (a) preference to sb / sth　给……以优惠；优待 in preference to sb / sth 优先于；而不是 preferential adj. 优先的；优惠的；优待的 prefer v. 较喜欢；喜欢……多于……　 prefer to do sth︱prefer sb to do sth︱prefer doing sth︱prefer that… 3.jam n. 果酱；拥挤，堵塞 traffic jam 交通阻塞，塞车 in a jam 事情搞得一团糟，陷入困境 recipes for jams and preserves 果酱和蜜饯的制作方法 【熟词生义】jam作动词时，意思是“（用力）挤，压，塞”。 jam in 用力把…塞进去 jam on v. 踩压 4.embarrassed /ɪmˈbærəst/ adj. 窘迫的，尴尬的；拮据的 embarrassed about/at sth/ to do sth（尤指在社交场合）窘迫的，尴尬的，害羞的 financially embarrassed 拮据的；经济困难的 embarrassing adj. 使人害羞的（或难堪的、惭愧的）；使显得愚蠢的（或不诚实的等） embarrass v.（在社交场合）使窘迫；使尴尬；使困惑；使为难；使陷入困境 embarrassment n. 尴尬，难堪；拮据，经济困难 5.intention n. 计划，意图 intention (of doing sth)/ (to do sth)︱ (that…) 打算；计划；意图；目的 with the intention of 有意图 without intention 无意地；非故意地 by intention prep. 故意；有意 intentional adj. 故意的；有意的；存心的 intentionally adv. 故意地；有意地 unintentionally adv. 无意地；非故意地 intend v. 打算；计划；想要　~ to do sth intended adj.欲达到的；打算的；计划的 be intended for sb / sth/as sth/to be / do sth 6.correspond /ˌkɒrəˈspɒnd/ vi. 类似于；相一致，符合；通信 correspond (to sth) 类似于；相当于；correspond with 符合，一致；与……通信 corresponding adj. 相应的，相关的; v. 类似于，相当于；通信；相一致 correspondence n. 信件，信函；通信；相似，关联 correspondent n. 记者，通讯员；通信者，写信人 7.behave vi.&vt.表现得体，有礼貌 behave well 表现好；举止得体；行为检点；表现良好 behave yourself 请检点一点，行为规矩些 well-/badly-behaved children 表现好╱差的孩子 a study of how metals behave under pressure 对于金属受压反应的研究 behaviour/behavior n. 行为，举止；态度；反应 8.tolerate /ˈtɒləreɪt/ vt. 忍受，容忍；容许，允许；能经受 tolerate doing 容忍做某事 tolerant adj. 宽容的，容忍的；（植物、动物、机器）能耐……的，有耐受性的 tolerable adj. 尚好的，还可以的；可接受的，可忍受的 tolerance n. 忍受，容忍；（痛苦、困难等的）忍受程度，忍耐力；耐药力，耐受性 【同义词（组）】bear v. 承受，容忍；经得起 stand v. 忍受；容忍；经得起 put up with 忍受；容忍 9.recite vt. 吟诵；列举 recite (sth) (to sb) （尤指对听众）背诵，吟诵，朗诵 recital n. 朗诵，吟诵；独奏会；背诵；独唱会 recitation n. 背诵，朗诵；背诵的诗；讲述，陈述 10.straightforward adj. 坦诚的；简单的 straightforward way 直接的方式 straightforward procedure 简单过程 straightforwardly adv. 直截了当地；正直地 straightforwardness n. 坦率 11.accent n. 口音，腔调；重音；着重点，强调 a northern/Dublin/Indian/Scottish accent 北方/都柏林/印度/苏格兰口音 a strong/broad accent (= one that is very noticeable) 浓重的口音 12.handwriting /ˈhændraɪtɪŋ/ n. 手写，书写；笔迹，书法 handwriting recognition 手写识别 handwriting analysis 笔迹分析 handwriting verification 笔迹鉴定 the handwriting on the wall/see the writing on the wall 不祥之兆；显而易见的危险 13.fluent adj.（尤指外语）流利，文字流畅 fluent in 在……方面流利 fluently adv. 流利地；通畅地 a fluent speaker/reader 说话流利的人；阅读熟练的人 fluent handwriting 优美熟练的笔迹 fluent movements 优美流畅的动作 fluency n. （说话）流利；（做事）流畅，娴熟 14. cooperate vi. 合作，协作；协助，配合 cooperate with 与…合作 learn to cooperate and comprise 学习合作和妥协 cooperation n. 合作，协作；协助，配合 cooperative adj. 合作的，协作的；乐于配合的 cooperator n. 合作者；合作社社员 15.put yourself in sb’s shoes 处于某人的境地，设身处地 be in sb’s shoes 处于某人的境地；设身处地 if I were in your shoes　（引出建议）要是我处在你的境地，换了我是你的话 16.cite vt. 提及，列举；引用，引述 cite sth (as sth) 提及（原因）；举出（示例）；列举 cite an example 举例；引用一个例子 citation n. 引文，引语；引用，引证；表彰，嘉奖状 recite v. 背诵；朗诵；详述，列举 【同义词】mention v. 提到，谈到；提名，推荐 quote v. 引用，引述 17.broaden one’s mind 开阔心胸，开阔眼界 broaden one's horizon 开阔眼界 a promise to broaden access to higher education 拓宽高等教育渠道的承诺 18.integrate vt.&vi.（使）合并；（使）加入 integrate into/with sth integrate A (into/with B)/integrate A and B（使）合并，成为一体integrate (into/with sth)/integrate sb (into/with B) （使）加入，融入群体 integration n. 结合，融合；取消种族隔离 integrated adj. 综合的；完整的；互相协调的 19.bilingual adj. 会说两种语言的；用两种语言（写）的 bilingual education/communities 双语教育╱社群 a bilingual dictionary 双语词典 bilingualism n. 能用两种语言 bilinguals 能说两种语言的人（bilingual 的复数） 20. oppose /əˈpəʊz/ vt. 反对，抵制；与…对垒 oppose (doing) sth 反对（做）某事 opposed adj. 相反的；敌对的 be opposed to (doing) sth 反对（做）某事 as opposed to（表示对比）而，相对于　[而不是] opposing adj. 对抗的，反对的；截然相反的；相反的 【警示误区】oppose后要doing (sth)，一般不接to do (sth)； 在be opposed to中，to是介词，后要接doing (sth)! 21. intervention /ˌɪntəˈvenʃn/ n. 干涉，干预 government intervention 政府干预；政府干涉 surgical intervention 手术治疗；外科手术 intervene v. 干预，干涉；插话，打岔；干扰，阻挠 22. pure /pjʊə(r)/ adj. 纯净的；纯粹的 pure gold/silk, etc. 纯金、真丝等 a bottle of pure water 一瓶纯净水 purity n. 洁净，纯净；纯洁，清白 purify v. 使（某物）洁净，净化；变纯净；洗涤（思想），净化（心灵） 23. reject vt. 拒绝接受；不录用；排斥，排异 to reject an argument/a claim/a decision/an offer/a suggestion 拒绝接受一个论点/一项要求/一个决定/一项提议/一个建议 rejection n. （对提议、建议或请求的）拒绝接受 24.pessimistic adj. 悲观的，悲观主义的 be/feel pessimistic about 悲观的；悲观主义的 a pessimistic view of life 对人生悲观的看法 pessimistical adj. 悲观的，厌世的；悲观主义的（pessimistic 的变形） pessimistically adv. 悲观地 pessimist n. 悲观主义者 pessimism n. 悲观，悲观情绪；（哲）悲观主义 【警示误区】pessimistic的副词形式要用pessimistically，使用时要注意！ 【反义词】optimistic adj. 乐观的，乐观主义的；（估计）过于乐观的，高估的 25.linguist n. 语言学家；通晓数国语言的人 linguistic adj. 语言的，语言学的 linguistics n. 语言学 linguistically adv. 语言的；语言学方面 26.tendency n. 趋势，趋向；倾向，偏好 a tendency (for sb/sth) (to do sth)/ (to/towards sth) 倾向；偏好；性情； 趋势；趋向 tend v. 倾向于；走向，趋向；(to) 照顾，护理 【同义词】trend n. 趋势；趋向；走向；动态 27.slip vi. 滑倒；滑落；溜；陷入 n. 差错；纸条；滑跤 slip away 逃走；悄悄溜走 slip in 悄悄溜入；偷偷溜进去 slip into v. 溜进；使滑入；匆忙穿上；[俚]大吃 slip out 溜出；悄悄地溜出去 slip by 飞掠而过 slip up v. 疏忽；跌倒；遭到不幸 slipper n. 拖鞋 slippery adj. 湿滑的，容易打滑的 a slip of the pen / tongue　笔误；口误 28.contest /ˈkɒntest/ n. 比赛，竞赛；争夺，竞争; /kənˈtest/ vt. 争取赢得；争辩，就…提出异议 a singing contest 歌咏比赛 a talent contest 新秀大奖赛 to enter/win/lose a contest 参加╱赢得竞赛；竞赛失败 a contest for the leadership of the party 争夺政党的领导权 contest for 和...对抗（后接物） a hotly/fiercely/keenly contested game (= one in which the players try very hard to win and the scores are close) 竞争十分激烈的比赛 contestant n. 比赛者；竞争者；选手 【同步语法练习】 定语从句 一、用适当的关系词填空 1. Many lessons are now available online, from ________ students can choose for free. 2. He put aside his work to spend more time with his son, ________ just returned from Italy. 3. In today's competitive economy ________ everyone is trying to do more with less, you've got to figure out a way to profit from the very beginning. 4. BMI is an internationally recognized measurement tool ________ gives an indication of whether someone is a healthy weight. 5. Lora is the very teacher I like most, with ________ help I have made progress in my study. 6. ________ is often the case with old people, my grandfather is fond of talking about good old days. 7. When he came back from abroad, John told his parents about the cities and the people ________ he had visited. 8. We are just trying to reach a point ________ both sides will sit down together and talk. 9. Detectives are investigating the company, three of ________ senior executives have already been under arrest. 10. Young adults ________ have been exposed to loud noise over a period of time may have some hearing loss symptoms. 11. Between the two halves of the football game is a 15­minute break, ________ the audience can have a rest. 12. Many young people, most of ________ were well­educated, headed for remote regions to chase their dreams. 13. Sales director is a position ________ communication ability is just as important as sales skills. 14. Do you still remember the chicken farm ________ we visited three months ago? 15. The way ________ he explained the sentence to us was not difficult to understand. 二、用定语从句完成句子 1. He refused to apologize for his mistake, ________________________ (这令我很失望)． 2. The house ____________________________ (屋顶被毁坏了的) in the big fire belongs to my grandparents. 3. She won an award in the competition, ________________ (这是常有的事)． 4. You can share your sadness with somebody ____________________ (你信任的) and listen to their suggestions. 5. There are more than 300 teachers in our school, ________________ (其中70%是男老师)． 6. We like ________________________ (这位专家说话的方式)． 7. There are many big rivers in China, ________________________ (其中最重要的) are the Yellow River and the Yangtze River. 8. We live in an age ____________________ (更多的信息可以获得) with greater ease than ever before. 答案：一、用适当的关系词填空 1. which　2. who　3. where　4. that/which 5. whose　6. As　7. that　8. where　9. whose 10. who/that　11. when　12. whom　13. where　14. that/which　15. that/in which/不填 二、用定语从句完成句子 1. which made me very disappointed　2. whose roof/the roof of which was damaged　3. as is often the case　4. that/who/whom you trust　5. 70% of whom are men　6. the way (in which/that) this specialist speaks　7. the most important of which　8. when more information is available 【精题精练精讲】 一、单词拼写 1. As I ran up the stairs, my foot s________ and I fell. 2. The reason why I o________ going abroad for studies is that it would cost a considerable sum of money. 3. In remote regions, the air is p________ and the crops are free of poisonous insecticides. 4. He has always been an optimistic young fellow. How come he suddenly became so p________？ 5. Male nurses are difficult to hire as many men ________ (拒绝接受) this identity out of the long­existing discrimination. 6. When it comes to ________ (合并) their transport systems, the French don't miss a trick. 7. Many people felt he would be hostile to the idea of foreign ________ (干预)． 8. Players are warned, fined and can even be disqualified for unsporting actions in the heat of ________ (比赛)． 二、短语填空(用所给短语的适当形式填空，有两项多余) integrate...into...; be pessimistic about; in terms of; out of style; sign up for; at a fast pace; replace...with...; come about; be fluent in; refer to; have a preference for; be related to 1. As the technology continues to develop ________________， however, questions arise about how to use it appropriately. 2. Many people ______________ how much warming the world faces, which could see temperatures rising by as much as 5℃ by 2100. 3. Despite our emphasis on English skills, we don't ______________ English majors. 4. Knowing the neighborhood in advance helps ______________ you ______________ the local community. 5. You will recall that I sent you a warning of troubled times. Well now, almost everything I forecast has ______________. 6. The only requirement is that the topic you choose must ______________ your studies. 7. She loved the German band Rammstein and ______________ a language class to understand the lyrics. 8. A new study shows that we keep using our old devices well after they go ______________. 9. Topics which essentially ______________ the three previously mentioned tracks are discussed below. 10. Though it may be possible to measure the value of material goods ______________ money, it is extremely difficult to estimate the true value of the services which people perform for us. 三、单句填空 A)词汇知识运用 1. Potatoes went through a similar sort of ________ (reject) process, especially when they were first introduced to Europe. 2. Psychologists have recently focused on the ________ (tend) to think about something other than the task one is doing. 3. I would have liked my classmate to give me a hand, but found it ________ (embarrass) to ask. 4. We believe that students of ________ (integrate) schools will have more tolerant attitudes. 5. Apologizing to others does not necessarily mean lowering yourself but acknowledging your mistakes ________ (sincere)． B)语法知识运用 6. I wonder if John has forgotten my number. I ________ (expect) him to call me for the past two hours. 7. Jack's account of how the fight started did not correspond ________ the other boy's version. 8. It was 80 years before Christopher Columbus crossed the Atlantic ________ Zheng He sailed to East Africa. 9. Parents and teachers can set a good example for children by how they behave ________ (they)． 10. No sooner had she watched the TV program on the extinct species ________ she made up her mind to join the wildlife protection organization. 四、完成句子 1. Some linguists ________________ (反对采用外来词) because the sounds are sometimes difficult to pronounce. 2. I ______________________ (把你的建议整合到我的计划中) and it indeed improved them. 3. When people experience decision fatigue—when they are tired of making choices—they ________________ (倾向于选择) to go with the status quo(现状)． 4. The written record of his conversation didn't ______________________________________ (与他实际所说的一致)． 5. ________________________ (考虑到你很忙), I'd be very appreciative if you offer to give some professional advice. 6. ________________________ (问题越难), ______________ (可能性就越小) he is to answer them. 答案：一、单词拼写 1. slipped　2. oppose　3. pure　4. Pessimistic 5. reject　6. integrating　7. intervention　8. contest 二、短语填空 1. at a fast pace　2. are pessimistic about　3. have a preference for　4. integrate; into　5. come about 6. be related to　7. signed up for　8. out of style 9. refer to　10. in terms of 三、单句填空 1. rejection　2. tendency　3. Embarrassing 4. integrated　5. sincerely　6. have been expecting 7. with/to　8. that　9. themselves　10. than 四、 完成句子 1. oppose adopting borrowed words　2. integrated your suggestion into my plans　3. have a tendency to choose/tend to choose　4. correspond to/with what he actually said　5. Given that you are busy　6. The more difficult the questions are; the less likely 【能力拓展训练】 一、七选五 Translation is an essential tool for effective communication. A common way of getting any translation done is to turn to human translators. However, machine translators have developed rapidly in recent years. Many people claim that they will replace human translators soon. ____1____ Machines may fail to understand culture properly. Different cultures have different words that are unique to that specific culture. Machines cannot understand or recognize idioms, slang, and allusions (典故). ___2___ By contrast, human translators can find the suitable equivalent (对应物) in the target language based on the cultural background. ____3____ In different languages, there are words with various meanings, which can be a significant problem for machine translators. These words have to be placed in context to determine their true meanings and in many cases only human translators can do this. If you run a document with this kind of words through a machine translator, it may lead to inaccurate translations. It is difficult to localize machines for different languages. New phrases are being developed in almost all languages. ____4____ If you feed new words into a machine translator, the machine might go “speechless” , trying to come up with the most appropriate way to translate the strange combination of words. Human translators, on the other hand, can pick up on the development in a language quickly. It’s difficult for machines to distinguish style and tone. Every written document has a different style and tone. A document can have poetic, funny or persuasive style and tone. Machine translators may lose the intended style and tone existing in the original document. ____5____ And such a translation can hardly resonate (引起共鸣) with the person who reads it. A. Machines can’t relate words to the context. B. Machines can’t remember words of all languages C. It doesn’t actually hold up for some reasons. D. Thus the result is a flat and soulless translation. E. Machine translators are unable to catch these changes in time. F. This is one challenge they may find very difficult to overcome. G. Machine translators are becoming more and more popular these days. 【答案】1. C 2. F 3. A 4. E 5. D 二、完形填空 “I can’t wait to play in the backyard,” said Ariel Hurley. Every day, Ariel watched with ____1____ as contractors rebuilt her backyard. Throughout December 2021, the Oakdale Elementary kindergartener observed the workers ____2____ her family’s deck into a double-level extension to the porch (门廊) and build a swing set next to it. “I’ve been ____3____ for a plane, a slide and a swing for a long time. Now, my mom doesn’t have to take me to the park,” Ariel said ____4____. The 5-year-old likes to swing high, though her mother Terry Hurley tells Ariel not to do it to avoid ____5____, because her daughter has an illness that has ____6____ her for much of her life. Now this backyard makeover could help her ____7____ her dream of playing at an amusement park just like other kids. Ariel’s mother applied for Make-A-Wish last month and got ____8____ right away. After hearing about Ariel’s illness, the Make-A-Wish coordinator Jane Walsh ____9____ Oakdale to see whether they would be interested in having a fundraiser, and the administrators of the school ____10____ the opportunity. Then Make-A-Wish and Oakdale set a(n) ____11____ goal of $3,000 for the fundraiser, but the school ____12____ that number within the first week, getting a total of $6,278. Oakdale Elementary Principal Andrea Payne says she’s ____13____ of the entire student body and their ____14____. “I had no idea it would get that much attention, but they really made it,” the principal said. She hopes that by ____15____ Ariel’s wish, they can help make a big difference to her recovery. 1. A. excitement B. disappointment C. confusion D. courage 2. A. trade B. break C. change D. imagine 3. A. wishing B. reaching C. searching D. heading 4. A. shyly B. calmly C. sadly D. happily 5. A. injuries B. losses C. conflicts D. mistakes 6. A. encouraged B. controlled C. improved D. affected 7. A. realize B. prove C. abandon D. remember 8. A. suspected B. rejected C. adopted D. approved 9. A. contacted B. appointed C. reminded D. criticized 10. A. put forward B. jumped at C. tried out D. turned down 11. A. unrealistic B. accurate C. random D. initial 12. A. calculated B. exceeded C. revealed D. divided 13. A. doubtful B. fond C. proud D. ashamed 14. A. honesty B. wisdom C. wealth D. kindness 15. A. fulfilling B. receiving C. expressing D. submitting 【答案】1. A 2. C 3. A 4. D 5. A 6. D 7. A 8. D 9. A 10. B 11. D 12. B 13. C 14. D 15. A 三、语法填空 Qiyuan Garden is a classical type private garden ____1____ (locate) in Wuyuan Township of Haiyan County in Zhejiang Province. It is one of the top ten gardens in China. The old name of it is Feng’s Garden. During the Qing Dynasty, ___2____ owner of the Garden, Feng Zuanzhai, settled here. The layout of the whole garden expresses the ___3____ (harmony) manner between water and mountains. The garden has a large area of water ___4___ it is dotted with a few constructions. The entrance of the garden is on the west side. In the middle of the garden is the flower hall with bridges in front. The ___5____ (flow) water goes around the hall to the north, and by the other side of the pool in front of the hall ____6____ (be) artificial hills. The layout of the garden is similar ___7____ the structure of the Humble Administrator Garden in Suzhou. The garden has various ____8____ (attract) with fancy names such as Butterfly Drops into Greens and the Setting Sun on the Lotus Pool. Pathways here consist of waterways, mountain holes, underground tunnels and fly-over beams (飞梁), ____9____ will bring you to a dreamland. Beautiful gloriettes (亭子) are evenly distributed in the garden ___10____ (provide) a place for relaxation. 【答案】1. located 2. the 3. harmonious 4. and 5. flowing 6. are 7. to 8. attractions 9. which 10. to provide 【课后巩固训练】 一、阅读理解 A Heritage Open Days 2023 CITYWIDE *Sep 8th-17th, 2023 *free *family friendly Heritage Open Days is an annual celebration of England’s architecture and culture that gives people access to historical buildings that either are not ordinarily open to the public or require an entrance fee. It also consists of architectural and cultural events and activities. HISTORY The history of Heritage Open Days can actually date back to 1994 when England joined European Heritage Days Community along with some other countries, but the first-ever Heritage Open Days was not held until September 2018. Heritage Open Days does not cover the entire UK; it only operates in England except for London. DATE Every year, the dates of visit are announced and new activities and events are planned. Although the dates differ annually, the holiday usually lasts for 10 days in September. This year, it is held from September 8th to 17th. ACTIVITIES ※Visit a Heritage Open Days site: Take advantage of these days and visit some of the many historical landmarks that are part of Heritage Open Days. You can also participate in the different events and activities that are organized for visitors. ※Volunteer: If you are in the visit area, volunteer for Heritage Open Days. You could donate time, money, or efforts to the festivities and become a part of the celebration in a new and more meaningful way. ※Learn more: If you are not in England or unable to participate, take this chance to learn about the history and culture of England and how Heritage Open Days came into existence. 1. What can people do during Heritage Open Days? A. Organize family activities at will. B. Visit historical buildings for free. C. Learn more about European Heritage Days. D. Attend the celebration throughout September. 2. What do we know about Heritage Open Days? A. It was first held in 1994. B. It is celebrated across the UK. C. Its dates rarely change each year. D. Its programs vary from year to year. 3. What does the author intend to introduce in the last part? A. How to celebrate the festival. B. Where to volunteer for the celebration. C. Why to participate in the celebration D. What to enjoy during the festival. 【答案】1. B 2. D 3. A B A fisherman in northern Cambodia hooked what researchers say is the world’s largest freshwater fish — a giant stingray (黄貂鱼) that scientists know relatively little about. The fisherman, 42, caught the 300-kilogram fish, which measured about four meters in length, near a remote island on the Mekong River in the Stung Treng area. A team of scientists from the Wonders of Mekong research project helped tag (给…装标签), measure and weigh the fish before it was released back into the river. The research group believes it was healthy when released and expects it to survive. The tag—which emits an acoustic (声音的) signal — will allow researchers to track the fish’s movements and they hope, learn more about its species’ behavior in the Mekong. The catch “highlights how little we know about a lot of these giant freshwater fish,” said Zeb Hogan, a fish biologist at the University of Nevada. “You have a fish that’s now the record holder for the world’s largest freshwater fish, and we know little about it.” The fisherman, Moul Thun, caught the giant stingray with a hook and line on the evening of June 13, and then contacted researchers the next morning. Researchers with the Wonders of Mekong were already in northern Cambodia to install underwater receivers as part of a project to track migratory fish in the river. “It’s a particularly healthy stretch of the river with a lot of deep pools — pools up to 90 meters deep,” said Hogan, who is also the host of National Geographic’s “Monster Fish” television series. “We started focusing on this area as a stretch of river that’s particularly important for biodiversity and fisheries, and as a last refuge (避难所) for these big species.” For several months, the research group has been in contact with local fishermen, asking them to get in touch if they landed a significant catch. The group has helped with two other large giant freshwater stingray releases in recent months. The fisherman who caught the record fish was paid market price for his catch. “It works because the fish is not a highly prized food fish,” Hogan said. Hogan said little is known about the giant freshwater stingray. The creature has a mouth about “the size of a banana” with no teeth, but with “gripping pads” used to crush (压碎) prey. “They’re on the bottom finding shrimps, mollusks and small fish. They can suck them up with this banana-shaped mouth and crush them,” he said. 4. What did the scientists use the tag to do? A. To enable the freshwater fish to survive. B. To record the sound of the freshwater fish. C. To be informed of the freshwater fish’s health. D. To help them know more about the freshwater fish. 5. What is Zeb Hogan’s tone in paragraph 4? A. Optimistic. B. Regretful. C. Indifferent. D. Proud. 6. What does Hogan say about the deep pools? A. Their depth can hardly be measured. B. They are too deep to explore in detail. C. There is a special TV show about them. D. They are likely home to big species. 7. What do researchers expect fishermen to do? A. To discover highly prized food fish. B. To sell their big catch at a lower price. C. To report their unusual catch in time. D. To show respect for the significant catch. 【答案】4. D 5. B 6. D 7. C C Anyone who uses the ChatGPT website can ask the chatbot questions on any topic and get a speedy, detailed response in paragraph form. The website lists ChatGPT’s positive features as its ability to “remember what users said earlier in conversation” and allow users to provide follow-up corrections”, and how it’s trained to “decline inappropriate requests”. The company OpenAI is honest about some of the technology’s flaws. According to its website, the chatbot occasionally “generates incorrect information” and “produces harmful instructions or prejudiced content”. It lists a third question: having “limited knowledge of the world and events after 2021”. The New York City Department of Education banned the use of ChatGPT this month on devices and networks owned by schools across the state. The department mentioned concerns from local school teachers about student success. Oakland Unified School District in California and Seattle Public Schools have moved against ChatGPT, because it creates human-like responses that can be difficult to detect. Other large school systems including Miami-Dade County and Houston haven’t banned ChatGPT so far. Universities including Princeton are refusing to ban the chatbot; instead, they are advising professors to set their own rules. Blocking a particular platform may be far less effective than schools think. “If students are not using it in their classes, they can use it at home or on their personal devices,” said Adam Phyall, an education technology expert. “Are we going to have a conversation about how we are going to unblock it? Or is it going to be: If we’re scared, let’s give it up and move onto the next thing? Instead, schools could use ChatGPT to teach kids how to improve their writing, for instance,” he said. An OpenAI spokesperson said the company wants to help schools with their concerns and that users should reasonably use their AI-generated text. The company is hoping to work on a system for teachers to check whether students have used ChatGPT to cheat. 8. What does the underlined word “flaws” in Paragraph 2 mean? A. Functions. B. Faults. C. Principles. D. Applications. 9. What does Paragraph 3 mainly talk about? A. Wide use of ChatGPT in schools. B. Mixed reactions to ChatGPT. C. Barriers to ChatGPT’s promotion. D. Concerns arising from ChatGPT. 10. What is Adam Phyall’s attitude to banning ChatGPT in schools? A. Favourable. B. Unclear. C. Disapproving. D. Cautious. 11. What is OpenAI likely to do next according to the passage? A. Train more teachers to use ChatGPT. B. Introduce ChatGPT to more schools. C. Set limitations on the use of ChatGPT. D. Help educators identify ChatGPT texts. 【答案】8. B 9. B 10. C 11. D D From train tickets to doctor’s appointments, there’s a growing expectation that consumers should include technology in everyday life. We take it for granted that technology brings us closer and improve our access to essential products and services. But people who can’t or don’t want to engage with the latest technology are being left behind. Technology should not be allowed to drive people to the side of their own lives, as many facts suggest is increasingly the case. For example, there have been reports that some elderly people no longer drive to their local park, because they cannot download the parking app required. Evidently, age is one big predictor of digital exclusion (排斥). Only 47% of those aged 75 and over use the Internet regularly. Out of the four million who have never used the Internet in the UK, only 300,000 people are under 55. But older people aren’t the only ones feeling shut out. Concerns about privacy can stop people using technology as well. A survey into consumers’ trust in business showed no industry reached a trust rating of 50% for data protection. Some people view “forced” digitalization as a symbol of consumer culture and limit their contact with it; also, many people take a “less is more” approach to technology simply because they feel it offers a more meaningful existence. They all belong to a population group that often slips people’s mind in related discussions. No one could discount, however, one factor－poverty. Some regions, particularly rural ones, even struggle for phone signals. The UK phone network’s plans for a digital switchover could cut off people who rely on their landlines. The solution is not simply to give devices to those without smart technology. While there’s a need to provide affordable Internet access and technology, we need to recognize diversity in society. Services should provide non-digital selections that reflect equality. Local councils, healthcare providers and businesses should understand more about the diversity of consumers and develop services that meet the needs of all people. After all, access to and inclusion in society is a human right. 12. Why is the example of the elderly mentioned in Paragraph 2? A. To provide a proof. B. To introduce a concept. C. To make a comparison. D. To confirm a prediction. 13. According to the passage, which of the following factors CAN’T account for digital exclusion? A. Age. B. Privacy. C. Gender. D. Attitude. 14. What does the author suggest in the last paragraph? A. Inquiring opinions from diverse consumers. B. Slowing the pace of the technological shift. C. Offering services with online and offline options. D. Bettering access to the Internet and technology. 15. Which can be the best title for the text? A. Life sees two-edged effect from digitalization B. Technology is excluding a significant minority C. Social barriers result from technological shifts D. Digital divide is becoming increasingly serious 【答案】12. A 13. C 14. C 15. B 二、写作 第一节 应用文写作 你校正在组织英语演讲比赛，请你以“Emojis make our language richer”为题，写一篇英语演讲稿参赛。 注意： 1. 写作词数应为80左右； 2. 请按如下格式在相应位置作答。 参考词汇：emoji表情符号 Emojis make our language richer Ladies and gentlemen， ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ That’s all. Thanks for your listening! 【答案】One possible version: Emojis make our language richer Ladies and gentlemen, I’m honored to stand here and present my speech. When we are writing a message to someone, it can be hard to get across how we are feeling. Emojis can help with this, in the same way that people use body language for emphasis when speaking. They are easily understood, making them the closest thing we have to a universal language. Emojis are very helpful in making others understand us. One symbol can express an emotion that might otherwise take someone a whole sentence to explain. These symbols bring our language to life and are the next step in the development of human communication. That’s all. Thanks for your listening! 第二节 读后续写 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 Max loved action comics and movies. He worked in the car park of a big supermarket. It didn’t seem to be a good job, but Max didn’t have any qualifications. This was the best job he could find. Max collected the shopping carts (购物车) that shoppers left in the car park. He took the shopping carts back to the entrance of the supermarket. It was sometimes hard work but it was not difficult. So Max had a lot of spare time to dream. He dreamed of being a hero, like Superman or Batman. Of course, his dreams were crazy but as Max told himself, dreams were free of charge. Today it was very wet and windy. Max was wearing a long blue raincoat that had the name of the supermarket on the back. Max was standing next to a row of carts. He would push them together and then he would take them all back to the supermarket door. He looked around to see if there were any more left in the car park. Though there were designated (指定的) places for shoppers to leave the carts after shopping, some people were still so lazy that they just left them where they thought it was convenient for them. Just then Max saw two young boys in jackets wandering around aimlessly. “They seem like students. They should be in school,” Max thought, “What are they doing here?” He then saw a small lady pushing a cart towards her car. The cart was full of shopping bags. She looked old and the weather was very bad. “I’ll go and take her cart for her,” Max said to himself. Max started walking across the car park. The lady put her cart behind her car. She walked to her car door to unlock it when the two boys ran towards the cart. They immediately took the cart and quickly pushed it towards the road. The lady was terribly shocked and began to cry out. 注意： 1. 续写词数应为150左右; 2. 请按如下格式在相应位置作答。 “Hey, you! What are you doing?” shouted Max. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Max grasped the shopping cart and pushed it back to the car park of the supermarket. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】One possible version: “Hey, you! What are you doing?” shouted Max. As fast as he could, Max ran towards the boys. Hearing his shouts, the frightened boys ran even faster. “Stop! Stop!” Max shouted as he kept running. The boys ran to the corner. There was a bus coming. They had to stop. They turned around and saw Max, whose long coat was blowing in the wind. He looked more like a Batman, or a Superman. The boys were so scared that they left the cart and quickly disappeared into the crowd. Max grasped the shopping cart and pushed it back to the car park of the supermarket. The little old lady was still waiting anxiously outside her car. The store manager had come. It was quite clear that the lady had been deeply frightened. The manager was trying to comfort her. Max walked up to her and said regrettably, “I couldn’t catch the bad boys, but here is your shopping.” “Oh, thank you!” the lady said. “You are a hero.” Max’s face turned red. Though he didn’t think of himself as a hero, he really felt proud of himself. 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 年 级：高二 科 目：英语 内 容：选择性必修四 U2-2 Grammar and usage - Integrated skills- Extended reading 【同步知识梳理】 1.vocabulary n. 词汇，词汇量 to have a wide/limited vocabulary 词汇量大╱有限 basic vocabulary 基本词汇 the vocabulary of natural science 自然科学词汇 2.preference n. 偏爱；偏爱的事物 preference (for sb/sth) 偏爱；爱好；喜爱 give (a) preference to sb / sth　给……以优惠；优待 in preference to sb / sth 优先于；而不是 preferential adj. 优先的；优惠的；优待的 prefer v. 较喜欢；喜欢……多于……　 prefer to do sth︱prefer sb to do sth︱prefer doing sth︱prefer that… 3.jam n. 果酱；拥挤，堵塞 traffic jam 交通阻塞，塞车 in a jam 事情搞得一团糟，陷入困境 recipes for jams and preserves 果酱和蜜饯的制作方法 【熟词生义】jam作动词时，意思是“（用力）挤，压，塞”。 jam in 用力把…塞进去 jam on v. 踩压 4.embarrassed /ɪmˈbærəst/ adj. 窘迫的，尴尬的；拮据的 embarrassed about/at sth/ to do sth（尤指在社交场合）窘迫的，尴尬的，害羞的 financially embarrassed 拮据的；经济困难的 embarrassing adj. 使人害羞的（或难堪的、惭愧的）；使显得愚蠢的（或不诚实的等） embarrass v.（在社交场合）使窘迫；使尴尬；使困惑；使为难；使陷入困境 embarrassment n. 尴尬，难堪；拮据，经济困难 5.intention n. 计划，意图 intention (of doing sth)/ (to do sth)︱ (that…) 打算；计划；意图；目的 with the intention of 有意图 without intention 无意地；非故意地 by intention prep. 故意；有意 intentional adj. 故意的；有意的；存心的 intentionally adv. 故意地；有意地 unintentionally adv. 无意地；非故意地 intend v. 打算；计划；想要　~ to do sth intended adj.欲达到的；打算的；计划的 be intended for sb / sth/as sth/to be / do sth 6.correspond /ˌkɒrəˈspɒnd/ vi. 类似于；相一致，符合；通信 correspond (to sth) 类似于；相当于；correspond with 符合，一致；与……通信 corresponding adj. 相应的，相关的; v. 类似于，相当于；通信；相一致 correspondence n. 信件，信函；通信；相似，关联 correspondent n. 记者，通讯员；通信者，写信人 7.behave vi.&vt.表现得体，有礼貌 behave well 表现好；举止得体；行为检点；表现良好 behave yourself 请检点一点，行为规矩些 well-/badly-behaved children 表现好╱差的孩子 a study of how metals behave under pressure 对于金属受压反应的研究 behaviour/behavior n. 行为，举止；态度；反应 8.tolerate /ˈtɒləreɪt/ vt. 忍受，容忍；容许，允许；能经受 tolerate doing 容忍做某事 tolerant adj. 宽容的，容忍的；（植物、动物、机器）能耐……的，有耐受性的 tolerable adj. 尚好的，还可以的；可接受的，可忍受的 tolerance n. 忍受，容忍；（痛苦、困难等的）忍受程度，忍耐力；耐药力，耐受性 【同义词（组）】bear v. 承受，容忍；经得起 stand v. 忍受；容忍；经得起 put up with 忍受；容忍 9.recite vt. 吟诵；列举 recite (sth) (to sb) （尤指对听众）背诵，吟诵，朗诵 recital n. 朗诵，吟诵；独奏会；背诵；独唱会 recitation n. 背诵，朗诵；背诵的诗；讲述，陈述 10.straightforward adj. 坦诚的；简单的 straightforward way 直接的方式 straightforward procedure 简单过程 straightforwardly adv. 直截了当地；正直地 straightforwardness n. 坦率 11.accent n. 口音，腔调；重音；着重点，强调 a northern/Dublin/Indian/Scottish accent 北方/都柏林/印度/苏格兰口音 a strong/broad accent (= one that is very noticeable) 浓重的口音 12.handwriting /ˈhændraɪtɪŋ/ n. 手写，书写；笔迹，书法 handwriting recognition 手写识别 handwriting analysis 笔迹分析 handwriting verification 笔迹鉴定 the handwriting on the wall/see the writing on the wall 不祥之兆；显而易见的危险 13.fluent adj.（尤指外语）流利，文字流畅 fluent in 在……方面流利 fluently adv. 流利地；通畅地 a fluent speaker/reader 说话流利的人；阅读熟练的人 fluent handwriting 优美熟练的笔迹 fluent movements 优美流畅的动作 fluency n. （说话）流利；（做事）流畅，娴熟 14. cooperate vi. 合作，协作；协助，配合 cooperate with 与…合作 learn to cooperate and comprise 学习合作和妥协 cooperation n. 合作，协作；协助，配合 cooperative adj. 合作的，协作的；乐于配合的 cooperator n. 合作者；合作社社员 15.put yourself in sb’s shoes 处于某人的境地，设身处地 be in sb’s shoes 处于某人的境地；设身处地 if I were in your shoes　（引出建议）要是我处在你的境地，换了我是你的话 16.cite vt. 提及，列举；引用，引述 cite sth (as sth) 提及（原因）；举出（示例）；列举 cite an example 举例；引用一个例子 citation n. 引文，引语；引用，引证；表彰，嘉奖状 recite v. 背诵；朗诵；详述，列举 【同义词】mention v. 提到，谈到；提名，推荐 quote v. 引用，引述 17.broaden one’s mind 开阔心胸，开阔眼界 broaden one's horizon 开阔眼界 a promise to broaden access to higher education 拓宽高等教育渠道的承诺 18.integrate vt.&vi.（使）合并；（使）加入 integrate into/with sth integrate A (into/with B)/integrate A and B（使）合并，成为一体integrate (into/with sth)/integrate sb (into/with B) （使）加入，融入群体 integration n. 结合，融合；取消种族隔离 integrated adj. 综合的；完整的；互相协调的 19.bilingual adj. 会说两种语言的；用两种语言（写）的 bilingual education/communities 双语教育╱社群 a bilingual dictionary 双语词典 bilingualism n. 能用两种语言 bilinguals 能说两种语言的人（bilingual 的复数） 20. oppose /əˈpəʊz/ vt. 反对，抵制；与…对垒 oppose (doing) sth 反对（做）某事 opposed adj. 相反的；敌对的 be opposed to (doing) sth 反对（做）某事 as opposed to（表示对比）而，相对于　[而不是] opposing adj. 对抗的，反对的；截然相反的；相反的 【警示误区】oppose后要doing (sth)，一般不接to do (sth)； 在be opposed to中，to是介词，后要接doing (sth)! 21. intervention /ˌɪntəˈvenʃn/ n. 干涉，干预 government intervention 政府干预；政府干涉 surgical intervention 手术治疗；外科手术 intervene v. 干预，干涉；插话，打岔；干扰，阻挠 22. pure /pjʊə(r)/ adj. 纯净的；纯粹的 pure gold/silk, etc. 纯金、真丝等 a bottle of pure water 一瓶纯净水 purity n. 洁净，纯净；纯洁，清白 purify v. 使（某物）洁净，净化；变纯净；洗涤（思想），净化（心灵） 23. reject vt. 拒绝接受；不录用；排斥，排异 to reject an argument/a claim/a decision/an offer/a suggestion 拒绝接受一个论点/一项要求/一个决定/一项提议/一个建议 rejection n. （对提议、建议或请求的）拒绝接受 24.pessimistic adj. 悲观的，悲观主义的 be/feel pessimistic about 悲观的；悲观主义的 a pessimistic view of life 对人生悲观的看法 pessimistical adj. 悲观的，厌世的；悲观主义的（pessimistic 的变形） pessimistically adv. 悲观地 pessimist n. 悲观主义者 pessimism n. 悲观，悲观情绪；（哲）悲观主义 【警示误区】pessimistic的副词形式要用pessimistically，使用时要注意！ 【反义词】optimistic adj. 乐观的，乐观主义的；（估计）过于乐观的，高估的 25.linguist n. 语言学家；通晓数国语言的人 linguistic adj. 语言的，语言学的 linguistics n. 语言学 linguistically adv. 语言的；语言学方面 26.tendency n. 趋势，趋向；倾向，偏好 a tendency (for sb/sth) (to do sth)/ (to/towards sth) 倾向；偏好；性情； 趋势；趋向 tend v. 倾向于；走向，趋向；(to) 照顾，护理 【同义词】trend n. 趋势；趋向；走向；动态 27.slip vi. 滑倒；滑落；溜；陷入 n. 差错；纸条；滑跤 slip away 逃走；悄悄溜走 slip in 悄悄溜入；偷偷溜进去 slip into v. 溜进；使滑入；匆忙穿上；[俚]大吃 slip out 溜出；悄悄地溜出去 slip by 飞掠而过 slip up v. 疏忽；跌倒；遭到不幸 slipper n. 拖鞋 slippery adj. 湿滑的，容易打滑的 a slip of the pen / tongue　笔误；口误 28.contest /ˈkɒntest/ n. 比赛，竞赛；争夺，竞争; /kənˈtest/ vt. 争取赢得；争辩，就…提出异议 a singing contest 歌咏比赛 a talent contest 新秀大奖赛 to enter/win/lose a contest 参加╱赢得竞赛；竞赛失败 a contest for the leadership of the party 争夺政党的领导权 contest for 和...对抗（后接物） a hotly/fiercely/keenly contested game (= one in which the players try very hard to win and the scores are close) 竞争十分激烈的比赛 contestant n. 比赛者；竞争者；选手 【同步语法练习】 定语从句 一、用适当的关系词填空 1. Many lessons are now available online, from ________ students can choose for free. 2. He put aside his work to spend more time with his son, ________ just returned from Italy. 3. In today's competitive economy ________ everyone is trying to do more with less, you've got to figure out a way to profit from the very beginning. 4. BMI is an internationally recognized measurement tool ________ gives an indication of whether someone is a healthy weight. 5. Lora is the very teacher I like most, with ________ help I have made progress in my study. 6. ________ is often the case with old people, my grandfather is fond of talking about good old days. 7. When he came back from abroad, John told his parents about the cities and the people ________ he had visited. 8. We are just trying to reach a point ________ both sides will sit down together and talk. 9. Detectives are investigating the company, three of ________ senior executives have already been under arrest. 10. Young adults ________ have been exposed to loud noise over a period of time may have some hearing loss symptoms. 11. Between the two halves of the football game is a 15­minute break, ________ the audience can have a rest. 12. Many young people, most of ________ were well­educated, headed for remote regions to chase their dreams. 13. Sales director is a position ________ communication ability is just as important as sales skills. 14. Do you still remember the chicken farm ________ we visited three months ago? 15. The way ________ he explained the sentence to us was not difficult to understand. 二、用定语从句完成句子 1. He refused to apologize for his mistake, ________________________ (这令我很失望)． 2. The house ____________________________ (屋顶被毁坏了的) in the big fire belongs to my grandparents. 3. She won an award in the competition, ________________ (这是常有的事)． 4. You can share your sadness with somebody ____________________ (你信任的) and listen to their suggestions. 5. There are more than 300 teachers in our school, ________________ (其中70%是男老师)． 6. We like ________________________ (这位专家说话的方式)． 7. There are many big rivers in China, ________________________ (其中最重要的) are the Yellow River and the Yangtze River. 8. We live in an age ____________________ (更多的信息可以获得) with greater ease than ever before. 【精题精练精讲】 一、单词拼写 1. As I ran up the stairs, my foot s________ and I fell. 2. The reason why I o________ going abroad for studies is that it would cost a considerable sum of money. 3. In remote regions, the air is p________ and the crops are free of poisonous insecticides. 4. He has always been an optimistic young fellow. How come he suddenly became so p________？ 5. Male nurses are difficult to hire as many men ________ (拒绝接受) this identity out of the long­existing discrimination. 6. When it comes to ________ (合并) their transport systems, the French don't miss a trick. 7. Many people felt he would be hostile to the idea of foreign ________ (干预)． 8. Players are warned, fined and can even be disqualified for unsporting actions in the heat of ________ (比赛)． 二、短语填空(用所给短语的适当形式填空，有两项多余) integrate...into...; be pessimistic about; in terms of; out of style; sign up for; at a fast pace; replace...with...; come about; be fluent in; refer to; have a preference for; be related to 1. As the technology continues to develop ________________， however, questions arise about how to use it appropriately. 2. Many people ______________ how much warming the world faces, which could see temperatures rising by as much as 5℃ by 2100. 3. Despite our emphasis on English skills, we don't ______________ English majors. 4. Knowing the neighborhood in advance helps ______________ you ______________ the local community. 5. You will recall that I sent you a warning of troubled times. Well now, almost everything I forecast has ______________. 6. The only requirement is that the topic you choose must ______________ your studies. 7. She loved the German band Rammstein and ______________ a language class to understand the lyrics. 8. A new study shows that we keep using our old devices well after they go ______________. 9. Topics which essentially ______________ the three previously mentioned tracks are discussed below. 10. Though it may be possible to measure the value of material goods ______________ money, it is extremely difficult to estimate the true value of the services which people perform for us. 三、单句填空 A)词汇知识运用 1. Potatoes went through a similar sort of ________ (reject) process, especially when they were first introduced to Europe. 2. Psychologists have recently focused on the ________ (tend) to think about something other than the task one is doing. 3. I would have liked my classmate to give me a hand, but found it ________ (embarrass) to ask. 4. We believe that students of ________ (integrate) schools will have more tolerant attitudes. 5. Apologizing to others does not necessarily mean lowering yourself but acknowledging your mistakes ________ (sincere)． B)语法知识运用 6. I wonder if John has forgotten my number. I ________ (expect) him to call me for the past two hours. 7. Jack's account of how the fight started did not correspond ________ the other boy's version. 8. It was 80 years before Christopher Columbus crossed the Atlantic ________ Zheng He sailed to East Africa. 9. Parents and teachers can set a good example for children by how they behave ________ (they)． 10. No sooner had she watched the TV program on the extinct species ________ she made up her mind to join the wildlife protection organization. 四、完成句子 1. Some linguists ________________ (反对采用外来词) because the sounds are sometimes difficult to pronounce. 2. I ______________________ (把你的建议整合到我的计划中) and it indeed improved them. 3. When people experience decision fatigue—when they are tired of making choices—they ________________ (倾向于选择) to go with the status quo(现状)． 4. The written record of his conversation didn't ______________________________________ (与他实际所说的一致)． 5. ________________________ (考虑到你很忙), I'd be very appreciative if you offer to give some professional advice. 6. ________________________ (问题越难), ______________ (可能性就越小) he is to answer them. 【能力拓展训练】 一、七选五 Translation is an essential tool for effective communication. A common way of getting any translation done is to turn to human translators. However, machine translators have developed rapidly in recent years. Many people claim that they will replace human translators soon. ____1____ Machines may fail to understand culture properly. Different cultures have different words that are unique to that specific culture. Machines cannot understand or recognize idioms, slang, and allusions (典故). ___2___ By contrast, human translators can find the suitable equivalent (对应物) in the target language based on the cultural background. ____3____ In different languages, there are words with various meanings, which can be a significant problem for machine translators. These words have to be placed in context to determine their true meanings and in many cases only human translators can do this. If you run a document with this kind of words through a machine translator, it may lead to inaccurate translations. It is difficult to localize machines for different languages. New phrases are being developed in almost all languages. ____4____ If you feed new words into a machine translator, the machine might go “speechless” , trying to come up with the most appropriate way to translate the strange combination of words. Human translators, on the other hand, can pick up on the development in a language quickly. It’s difficult for machines to distinguish style and tone. Every written document has a different style and tone. A document can have poetic, funny or persuasive style and tone. Machine translators may lose the intended style and tone existing in the original document. ____5____ And such a translation can hardly resonate (引起共鸣) with the person who reads it. A. Machines can’t relate words to the context. B. Machines can’t remember words of all languages C. It doesn’t actually hold up for some reasons. D. Thus the result is a flat and soulless translation. E. Machine translators are unable to catch these changes in time. F. This is one challenge they may find very difficult to overcome. G. Machine translators are becoming more and more popular these days. 二、完形填空 “I can’t wait to play in the backyard,” said Ariel Hurley. Every day, Ariel watched with ____1____ as contractors rebuilt her backyard. Throughout December 2021, the Oakdale Elementary kindergartener observed the workers ____2____ her family’s deck into a double-level extension to the porch (门廊) and build a swing set next to it. “I’ve been ____3____ for a plane, a slide and a swing for a long time. Now, my mom doesn’t have to take me to the park,” Ariel said ____4____. The 5-year-old likes to swing high, though her mother Terry Hurley tells Ariel not to do it to avoid ____5____, because her daughter has an illness that has ____6____ her for much of her life. Now this backyard makeover could help her ____7____ her dream of playing at an amusement park just like other kids. Ariel’s mother applied for Make-A-Wish last month and got ____8____ right away. After hearing about Ariel’s illness, the Make-A-Wish coordinator Jane Walsh ____9____ Oakdale to see whether they would be interested in having a fundraiser, and the administrators of the school ____10____ the opportunity. Then Make-A-Wish and Oakdale set a(n) ____11____ goal of $3,000 for the fundraiser, but the school ____12____ that number within the first week, getting a total of $6,278. Oakdale Elementary Principal Andrea Payne says she’s ____13____ of the entire student body and their ____14____. “I had no idea it would get that much attention, but they really made it,” the principal said. She hopes that by ____15____ Ariel’s wish, they can help make a big difference to her recovery. 1. A. excitement B. disappointment C. confusion D. courage 2. A. trade B. break C. change D. imagine 3. A. wishing B. reaching C. searching D. heading 4. A. shyly B. calmly C. sadly D. happily 5. A. injuries B. losses C. conflicts D. mistakes 6. A. encouraged B. controlled C. improved D. affected 7. A. realize B. prove C. abandon D. remember 8. A. suspected B. rejected C. adopted D. approved 9. A. contacted B. appointed C. reminded D. criticized 10. A. put forward B. jumped at C. tried out D. turned down 11. A. unrealistic B. accurate C. random D. initial 12. A. calculated B. exceeded C. revealed D. divided 13. A. doubtful B. fond C. proud D. ashamed 14. A. honesty B. wisdom C. wealth D. kindness 15. A. fulfilling B. receiving C. expressing D. submitting 三、语法填空 Qiyuan Garden is a classical type private garden ____1____ (locate) in Wuyuan Township of Haiyan County in Zhejiang Province. It is one of the top ten gardens in China. The old name of it is Feng’s Garden. During the Qing Dynasty, ___2____ owner of the Garden, Feng Zuanzhai, settled here. The layout of the whole garden expresses the ___3____ (harmony) manner between water and mountains. The garden has a large area of water ___4___ it is dotted with a few constructions. The entrance of the garden is on the west side. In the middle of the garden is the flower hall with bridges in front. The ___5____ (flow) water goes around the hall to the north, and by the other side of the pool in front of the hall ____6____ (be) artificial hills. The layout of the garden is similar ___7____ the structure of the Humble Administrator Garden in Suzhou. The garden has various ____8____ (attract) with fancy names such as Butterfly Drops into Greens and the Setting Sun on the Lotus Pool. Pathways here consist of waterways, mountain holes, underground tunnels and fly-over beams (飞梁), ____9____ will bring you to a dreamland. Beautiful gloriettes (亭子) are evenly distributed in the garden ___10____ (provide) a place for relaxation. 【课后巩固训练】 一、阅读理解 A Heritage Open Days 2023 CITYWIDE *Sep 8th-17th, 2023 *free *family friendly Heritage Open Days is an annual celebration of England’s architecture and culture that gives people access to historical buildings that either are not ordinarily open to the public or require an entrance fee. It also consists of architectural and cultural events and activities. HISTORY The history of Heritage Open Days can actually date back to 1994 when England joined European Heritage Days Community along with some other countries, but the first-ever Heritage Open Days was not held until September 2018. Heritage Open Days does not cover the entire UK; it only operates in England except for London. DATE Every year, the dates of visit are announced and new activities and events are planned. Although the dates differ annually, the holiday usually lasts for 10 days in September. This year, it is held from September 8th to 17th. ACTIVITIES ※Visit a Heritage Open Days site: Take advantage of these days and visit some of the many historical landmarks that are part of Heritage Open Days. You can also participate in the different events and activities that are organized for visitors. ※Volunteer: If you are in the visit area, volunteer for Heritage Open Days. You could donate time, money, or efforts to the festivities and become a part of the celebration in a new and more meaningful way. ※Learn more: If you are not in England or unable to participate, take this chance to learn about the history and culture of England and how Heritage Open Days came into existence. 1. What can people do during Heritage Open Days? A. Organize family activities at will. B. Visit historical buildings for free. C. Learn more about European Heritage Days. D. Attend the celebration throughout September. 2. What do we know about Heritage Open Days? A. It was first held in 1994. B. It is celebrated across the UK. C. Its dates rarely change each year. D. Its programs vary from year to year. 3. What does the author intend to introduce in the last part? A. How to celebrate the festival. B. Where to volunteer for the celebration. C. Why to participate in the celebration D. What to enjoy during the festival. B A fisherman in northern Cambodia hooked what researchers say is the world’s largest freshwater fish — a giant stingray (黄貂鱼) that scientists know relatively little about. The fisherman, 42, caught the 300-kilogram fish, which measured about four meters in length, near a remote island on the Mekong River in the Stung Treng area. A team of scientists from the Wonders of Mekong research project helped tag (给…装标签), measure and weigh the fish before it was released back into the river. The research group believes it was healthy when released and expects it to survive. The tag—which emits an acoustic (声音的) signal — will allow researchers to track the fish’s movements and they hope, learn more about its species’ behavior in the Mekong. The catch “highlights how little we know about a lot of these giant freshwater fish,” said Zeb Hogan, a fish biologist at the University of Nevada. “You have a fish that’s now the record holder for the world’s largest freshwater fish, and we know little about it.” The fisherman, Moul Thun, caught the giant stingray with a hook and line on the evening of June 13, and then contacted researchers the next morning. Researchers with the Wonders of Mekong were already in northern Cambodia to install underwater receivers as part of a project to track migratory fish in the river. “It’s a particularly healthy stretch of the river with a lot of deep pools — pools up to 90 meters deep,” said Hogan, who is also the host of National Geographic’s “Monster Fish” television series. “We started focusing on this area as a stretch of river that’s particularly important for biodiversity and fisheries, and as a last refuge (避难所) for these big species.” For several months, the research group has been in contact with local fishermen, asking them to get in touch if they landed a significant catch. The group has helped with two other large giant freshwater stingray releases in recent months. The fisherman who caught the record fish was paid market price for his catch. “It works because the fish is not a highly prized food fish,” Hogan said. Hogan said little is known about the giant freshwater stingray. The creature has a mouth about “the size of a banana” with no teeth, but with “gripping pads” used to crush (压碎) prey. “They’re on the bottom finding shrimps, mollusks and small fish. They can suck them up with this banana-shaped mouth and crush them,” he said. 4. What did the scientists use the tag to do? A. To enable the freshwater fish to survive. B. To record the sound of the freshwater fish. C. To be informed of the freshwater fish’s health. D. To help them know more about the freshwater fish. 5. What is Zeb Hogan’s tone in paragraph 4? A. Optimistic. B. Regretful. C. Indifferent. D. Proud. 6. What does Hogan say about the deep pools? A. Their depth can hardly be measured. B. They are too deep to explore in detail. C. There is a special TV show about them. D. They are likely home to big species. 7. What do researchers expect fishermen to do? A. To discover highly prized food fish. B. To sell their big catch at a lower price. C. To report their unusual catch in time. D. To show respect for the significant catch. C Anyone who uses the ChatGPT website can ask the chatbot questions on any topic and get a speedy, detailed response in paragraph form. The website lists ChatGPT’s positive features as its ability to “remember what users said earlier in conversation” and allow users to provide follow-up corrections”, and how it’s trained to “decline inappropriate requests”. The company OpenAI is honest about some of the technology’s flaws. According to its website, the chatbot occasionally “generates incorrect information” and “produces harmful instructions or prejudiced content”. It lists a third question: having “limited knowledge of the world and events after 2021”. The New York City Department of Education banned the use of ChatGPT this month on devices and networks owned by schools across the state. The department mentioned concerns from local school teachers about student success. Oakland Unified School District in California and Seattle Public Schools have moved against ChatGPT, because it creates human-like responses that can be difficult to detect. Other large school systems including Miami-Dade County and Houston haven’t banned ChatGPT so far. Universities including Princeton are refusing to ban the chatbot; instead, they are advising professors to set their own rules. Blocking a particular platform may be far less effective than schools think. “If students are not using it in their classes, they can use it at home or on their personal devices,” said Adam Phyall, an education technology expert. “Are we going to have a conversation about how we are going to unblock it? Or is it going to be: If we’re scared, let’s give it up and move onto the next thing? Instead, schools could use ChatGPT to teach kids how to improve their writing, for instance,” he said. An OpenAI spokesperson said the company wants to help schools with their concerns and that users should reasonably use their AI-generated text. The company is hoping to work on a system for teachers to check whether students have used ChatGPT to cheat. 8. What does the underlined word “flaws” in Paragraph 2 mean? A. Functions. B. Faults. C. Principles. D. Applications. 9. What does Paragraph 3 mainly talk about? A. Wide use of ChatGPT in schools. B. Mixed reactions to ChatGPT. C. Barriers to ChatGPT’s promotion. D. Concerns arising from ChatGPT. 10. What is Adam Phyall’s attitude to banning ChatGPT in schools? A. Favourable. B. Unclear. C. Disapproving. D. Cautious. 11. What is OpenAI likely to do next according to the passage? A. Train more teachers to use ChatGPT. B. Introduce ChatGPT to more schools. C. Set limitations on the use of ChatGPT. D. Help educators identify ChatGPT texts. D From train tickets to doctor’s appointments, there’s a growing expectation that consumers should include technology in everyday life. We take it for granted that technology brings us closer and improve our access to essential products and services. But people who can’t or don’t want to engage with the latest technology are being left behind. Technology should not be allowed to drive people to the side of their own lives, as many facts suggest is increasingly the case. For example, there have been reports that some elderly people no longer drive to their local park, because they cannot download the parking app required. Evidently, age is one big predictor of digital exclusion (排斥). Only 47% of those aged 75 and over use the Internet regularly. Out of the four million who have never used the Internet in the UK, only 300,000 people are under 55. But older people aren’t the only ones feeling shut out. Concerns about privacy can stop people using technology as well. A survey into consumers’ trust in business showed no industry reached a trust rating of 50% for data protection. Some people view “forced” digitalization as a symbol of consumer culture and limit their contact with it; also, many people take a “less is more” approach to technology simply because they feel it offers a more meaningful existence. They all belong to a population group that often slips people’s mind in related discussions. No one could discount, however, one factor－poverty. Some regions, particularly rural ones, even struggle for phone signals. The UK phone network’s plans for a digital switchover could cut off people who rely on their landlines. The solution is not simply to give devices to those without smart technology. While there’s a need to provide affordable Internet access and technology, we need to recognize diversity in society. Services should provide non-digital selections that reflect equality. Local councils, healthcare providers and businesses should understand more about the diversity of consumers and develop services that meet the needs of all people. After all, access to and inclusion in society is a human right. 12. Why is the example of the elderly mentioned in Paragraph 2? A. To provide a proof. B. To introduce a concept. C. To make a comparison. D. To confirm a prediction. 13. According to the passage, which of the following factors CAN’T account for digital exclusion? A. Age. B. Privacy. C. Gender. D. Attitude. 14. What does the author suggest in the last paragraph? A. Inquiring opinions from diverse consumers. B. Slowing the pace of the technological shift. C. Offering services with online and offline options. D. Bettering access to the Internet and technology. 15. Which can be the best title for the text? A. Life sees two-edged effect from digitalization B. Technology is excluding a significant minority C. Social barriers result from technological shifts D. Digital divide is becoming increasingly serious 二、写作 第一节 应用文写作 你校正在组织英语演讲比赛，请你以“Emojis make our language richer”为题，写一篇英语演讲稿参赛。 注意： 1. 写作词数应为80左右； 2. 请按如下格式在相应位置作答。 参考词汇：emoji表情符号 Emojis make our language richer Ladies and gentlemen， ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ That’s all. Thanks for your listening! 第二节 读后续写 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 Max loved action comics and movies. He worked in the car park of a big supermarket. It didn’t seem to be a good job, but Max didn’t have any qualifications. This was the best job he could find. Max collected the shopping carts (购物车) that shoppers left in the car park. He took the shopping carts back to the entrance of the supermarket. It was sometimes hard work but it was not difficult. So Max had a lot of spare time to dream. He dreamed of being a hero, like Superman or Batman. Of course, his dreams were crazy but as Max told himself, dreams were free of charge. Today it was very wet and windy. Max was wearing a long blue raincoat that had the name of the supermarket on the back. Max was standing next to a row of carts. He would push them together and then he would take them all back to the supermarket door. He looked around to see if there were any more left in the car park. Though there were designated (指定的) places for shoppers to leave the carts after shopping, some people were still so lazy that they just left them where they thought it was convenient for them. Just then Max saw two young boys in jackets wandering around aimlessly. “They seem like students. They should be in school,” Max thought, “What are they doing here?” He then saw a small lady pushing a cart towards her car. The cart was full of shopping bags. She looked old and the weather was very bad. “I’ll go and take her cart for her,” Max said to himself. Max started walking across the car park. The lady put her cart behind her car. She walked to her car door to unlock it when the two boys ran towards the cart. They immediately took the cart and quickly pushed it towards the road. The lady was terribly shocked and began to cry out. 注意： 1. 续写词数应为150左右; 2. 请按如下格式在相应位置作答。 “Hey, you! What are you doing?” shouted Max. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Max grasped the shopping cart and pushed it back to the car park of the supermarket. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $