Unit 2 Understanding each other Welcome to the unit & Reading 导学案 -2024-2025学年高中英语译林版选择性必修第四册

该高中英语导学案聚焦选择性必修四U2-1核心词汇与短语，涵盖react、negotiate等19个重点词的词性、搭配及派生词，通过Welcome-Reading主题导入，以知识梳理为支架衔接新旧词汇，帮助学生构建系统的词汇网络。 资料亮点在于分层设计的精题精练与语篇训练，从单词拼写、单句填空到完形填空、七选五，逐步提升语言能力，结合情境化习题培养思维品质，多样化题型助力学生自主巩固基础，发展学习能力，适合高二学生综合语言运用能力的提升。

年 级：高二 科 目：英语 内 容：选择性必修四 U2-1 Welcome - Reading 【同步知识梳理】 1.react vi. 对…作出反应；有不良反应，过敏；起化学反应 react to sth (by doing sth) 起反应；对…作出反应；回应 react with sth 起化学反应；发生化学变化 react on/upon v. 起作用于；对…有影响 react against 反抗；反对；起反作用 reaction n. 反应，回应；反应能力（reactions）；（药物或食物引起的）不良反应；化学反应；反作用力 reactive adj. 反应的；电抗的；反动的 reactivity n. 反应；反动 2.gentle adj. 温柔的；温和的；柔和的 gentle and soft 温柔 gentle and quiet 文静的；轻柔的；娴雅文静 a quiet and gentle man 温文尔雅的男士 a gentle voice/laugh/touch 温柔的声音/笑声/触摸 gently adv. 文静地，温柔地；轻柔地； gentleness n. 温顺；亲切；高贵；彬彬有礼 3.feedback n. 反馈，反应 positive feedback 正反馈 negative feedback 负反馈 feedback signal 反馈信号；信号反馈；回馈信号 4.competent adj. 足以胜任的，有能力的 be competent for/in 胜任 competently adv. 胜任地；适合地 competence n. 能力，胜任；权限，管辖权；技能 competency n. 能力（等于 competence）；资格 反义词：incompetent adj. 无能力的，不称职的 5.obtain /əbˈteɪn/ vt. 获得，赢得 obtain access (to) 获得访问……权限；取得获得…… obtain approval 得到认可；获得同意；获得批准 obtainable adj.  能得到的 obtainment n. 获得 6.lose contact 失去联系 in contact with 接触;与...有联系 come into contact with 接触到;联系;开始做某事 make contact with 接触到;接通 keep in contact with与...保持联系 lose touch 失去联系 lose touch with 与...失去联系 7.suit vt. 满足需要；相配，合身 n. 套装，西装，西服 suit sth to sth/sb 使适合（或适应）某事物（或人） suit oneself 随自己的意愿做事；（表示听凭对方的意愿）自便，随便 a suit of 一套 follow suit 跟着做；学样 suitable adj. 适宜的，合适的 suited adj. 合适的 be suited for/to 适合做…；适合于… 8.negotiate vt.&vi. 谈判；商定，达成（协议） negotiate wth sb. about sth. 就某事与某人协商 to negotiate a deal/contract/treaty/settlement 达成交易；确立合同；商定条约内容/解决措施 negotiating skills 谈判技巧 negotiation n. 谈判，协商；转让 negotiable adj. 可协商的，可讨论的；流通的，可兑现的，可转让的；可通行的 9.enterprise n. 公司，企业；规划，事业 private enterprise 私营企业 enterprising adj. 有事业心的；有进取心的；有魄力的；有胆量的 enterprisingly adv. 有企业心地 enterpriser n. 企业家 10.straightforward adj. 坦诚的；简单的 straightforward way 直接的方式 straightforward procedure 简单过程 straightforwardly adv. 直截了当地；正直地 straightforwardness n. 坦率 11.fold /fəʊld/ vt. 折叠，对折；包，裹 n. 皱，皱层，折叠部分 folder n. 文件夹；折叠机；折叠式印刷品 foldable adj. 可折叠的；可合拢的 folding adj. 可折叠的 fold sth (up)/fold sth (back, down, over, etc.) 折叠，对折（纸、织物等） fold up 倒闭；撒手；垮台；放弃 12.friction n. 争执；摩擦 reduce friction 减少摩擦 cause friction 引起摩擦 avoid friction 避免摩擦 produce friction 产生摩擦；产生纠纷 frictional adj. [力] 摩擦的；由摩擦而生的 frictionless adj. 无摩擦的；光滑的 13.clarify vt. 使更清晰易懂，阐明 to clarify a situation/problem/issue 澄清情况/问题 clarified butter 已净化的黄油 clarification n. 澄清，阐明；净化 clarified adj. 澄清的；透明的 clarity n. 清楚，明晰；透明 14. knowledgeable adj. 博学的，有见识的 be knowledgeable (about sth) 博学的；有见识的；知识渊博的 knowledgeably adv. 有知识地；聪明地 knowledgeability n. 知识丰富；聪明 knowledge n. 知识，学问；知道，了解 15.put yourself in sb’s shoes 处于某人的境地，设身处地 be in sb’s shoes 处于某人的境地；设身处地 if I were in your shoes　（引出建议）要是我处在你的境地，换了我是你的话 16.sympathy n. 同情；赞同 to express / feel sympathy for sb 向某人表示体恤；对某人感到同情 in sympathy with sth　因……而出现；相应发生 out of sympathy with sb / sth 不赞成，不支持（某人或事物） sympathetic adj. 同情的；有同情心的；表示同情的 ~ (to / towards sb)；赞同的；支持的 sympathize v. 同情；赞同；支持　 sympathizer n. 赞同者；支持者 17.account for sth 是…的说明（或原因）；（数量上、比例上）占 account n. 账户；账目；描述；叙述；报告；（思想、理论、过程的）解释，说明，叙述 on account of sth　由于；因为 on no account　决不；绝对不 on this / that account　由于这个/那个缘故 take account of sth︱take sth into account 考虑到；顾及 accountant n. 会计；会计师 18.approve vi.&vt. 赞成；批准，通过（计划、要求等） approve of 赞成，赞同 approve of sb/sth 赞成；同意 approve of sb doing sth approve of sb's doing sth 同意某人做某事 approval n. 赞成；同意；批准，通过，认可（计划、要求等） approved adj. 得到正式认可的，核准的 approving adj. 赞成的，赞许的，满意的 反义词: disapprove v. 不赞成，反对；不批准，否决 19.tone n. 语气，腔调；风格，特色 speaking in hushed/low/clipped/measured, etc. tones 以压低、低沉、短促、缓慢谨慎等的语调讲话 a conversational tone 交谈的语气 a tone of surprise 惊奇的口气 20.gain vt.&vi. 获得；增进，增长；到达；（从…中）受益 n. 好处，收获 to gain entrance/entry/access to sth 得以进入/接近某物 to gain confidence/strength/experience 增加信心/力量/经验 gain (sth) (by/from sth) （从…中）受益，获益；得到（好处） no pain(s) no gain(s) 不劳无获 a ￡5, 000 gain from our investment 从投资中获取的5, 000英镑的收益 efficiency gains 效率提高 21.gesture n. 手势，姿势；姿态，表示 vi.&vt. 做手势，用手势示意 gesture language n. 手语，肢体语言 gesture recognition 手势识别 gesture (for/to sb) (to do sth) 做手势；用手势表示；用动作示意 22.precisely adv. 准确地，恰好地；细心地；正是，确实 precisely speaking 严格说来; 确切地讲 to describe sth precisely 精确地描述某事物 more precisely　更确切地说；更严格地说 precise adj. 精确的，准确的；恰好的，确切的；（人）严格的，一丝不苟的 preciseness n. 严谨；精确；古板 同义词: accurately adv. 精确地；准确地 exactly adv. 精确地，确切地；恰好，完全 【精题精练精讲】 一、单词拼写 1. The time and hard work involved in completing a significant assignment are w________． 2. Write an o________ before you start writing an article, or you would easily write something that is beside the point. 3. A man has been a________ in connection with the murder of the teenager. 4. Her low income was b________ enough to maintain one child, let alone three. 5. We shouldn't allow ourselves to be bullied into doing anything that goes against our p________． 6. The technologies themselves, and their makers, are the easiest ________ (可疑对象) to blame for our reducing attention spans. 7. Many companies in Britain are ________ (热衷于) on the idea of tax incentives for R&D. 8. Our company is looking for someone who is ________ (可靠的) and hardworking. 9. Once most ________ (金属丝) are bent out of shape, they don't return to the original position. 10. Innocence and ________ (正派的) living are no protection from the evil elements within our society. 二、短语填空(用所给短语的适当形式填空，有两项多余) under arrest; pull out; lose contact; turn up; arm in arm; be adapted from; keep an appointment; tear down; stick to; put up; make one's fortune; take charge of 1. I had just spent a terrible weekend—I had my wisdom teeth ______________ and they still hurt. 2. Most of the older buildings have been ______________ and replaced by modern constructions. 3. Watching an old couple walking along the beach ______________ gives me a sense of happiness. 4. Countless college graduates hopefully go to the city to ______________ and hopelessly leave the city in the face of high housing prices. 5. If you are unable to ______________, you should notify us 48 hours in advance. 6. It is really annoying that he has not ________________ when the train is about to leave. 7. The suspect didn't have any time to react before policemen stormed in and placed him __________________． 8. The government is ______________ new hotels in order to boost tourism in the area. 9. It is a celebrating day. I got in touch with Michael whom I have been ______________ with for one year. 10. China values friendship but ______________ principles and will unswervingly maintain its core national interest. 三、单句填空 A)词汇知识运用 1. In English law a person is ________ (innocence) until they are proved guilty. 2. Some workers are ________ (legal) employed, but the majority work unofficially with neither health insurance nor wage security. 3. There has been a mixed reaction to her ________ (appoint) as director. 4. The trial is concerned only with the determination of guilt according to ________ (crime) law. 5. Not having that ________ (bless) from their parents may be the only thing holding the lovers back. B)语法知识运用 6. According to the latest report, three hours of exercise a week ________ (be) good for one's health. 7. I can think of many cases ________ students obviously knew a lot of English words and expressions but couldn't write a good essay. 8. Many big cities have had experiments of this kind, with old factories ________ (turn) into successful art centers. 9. Houses are sold at such a high price ________ people never expected. 10. He left office after ________ (suspect) of theft. 四、完成句子 1. The job is worth doing, but it __________________________________ (花这么多时间讨论是不值得的)． 2. My agenda is quite full for the whole week, so I can't ______________________________ (和你预约)． 3. __________________________ (坐在教室后面的是) several old teachers, listening attentively to the new teacher. 4. Peace talks between the two countries have broken down __________________________ (没有达成协议). (with复合结构) 5. A lot of language learning, ________________ (正如所发现的), is happening in the first year of life, so parents should talk much to their children during that period. 6. I __________________________ (非常怀疑他在对我撒谎) because he was not a reliable man. 【能力拓展训练】 一、七选五 People refer to never forgetting how to ride a bike or throw a baseball as examples of “muscle memory”, the result of a motor learning. _____1_____ It is a phenomenon that previously trained muscles acquire strength after a period of disuse. Previous research has shown that the changes actually persist in the muscles themselves. In one study of mice, the results suggest that after nuclei in muscle cells multiply in response to an overload of training, those extra nuclei aren’t lost during subsequent periods of inactivity. They are retained (保留), essentially waiting to be reactivated. If you fell off the fitness wagon (马车) during the pandemic, don’t be frustrated. Once you have got additional nuclei, you are banking the capacity. _____2_____ In fact, a recent study revealed that less than eight weeks of retraining were needed to regain your former fitness. It depends on how fit you were initially, how long the layoff was, how old you are and how long you’d been exercising. _____3____ It means you still have a distinct advantage when it comes to regaining your former level of fitness. And the principle applies to both resistance training and endurance training. The best way to regain your muscle memory is to start at a level below what you were accustomed to doing, and then gradually increase in terms of duration, frequency, then intensity. _____4_____ Ultimately, muscle memory is a payoff for all the past work you put into learning a sport. _____5_____ You will never know how much muscle memory you may have until you start training again. A. The best way to tap into it is to “get back on the horse”. B. Physiologists, on the other hand, define it in a different way. C. This convinces the researchers that muscle memory may not be long lasting. D. That is to say, we can do the sports automatically without conscious thought. E. It is generally safe to increase these elements by 5 percent every week or two. F. It is evident that the more you exercise, the more muscle memory savings you will have. G. All this news about muscle memory is encouraging for those who fell off the fitness scheme. 二、完形填空 My first year living in Los Angeles, I was a birthday-party clown(小丑). I ___1___with my identity because, though I viewed myself as a filmmaker, everyone in my life associated me with this ridiculous day job. For certain parties, I had to go as a ___2___ character, so at the party I'd actually be＂Mickey Mouse" or "Sponge-Bob SquarePants. "One night, I was told that I was going to be Batman. At the time I had a giant mustache but I didn't want to ___3___ my physical appearance for that job. ___4___, for the party, I chose not to shave. Normally at these parties, you pop in through the front door: "Surprise! Batman's here!" However, my element of ___5___ was shot because they saw me coming from, like, a quarter of a mile away, which left me plenty of time to ___6___ my choice not to shave. Once I got close enough for them to make out the ___7___ of my face, the entire party ___8___in laughter and then into cheers. After I ran into the party, they were___9___me. I saw the birthday boy with his dad, who was laughing, and he said, "You see, I told you, son. Batman has a mustache." He took me to the huge birthday cake with a Batman drawn on it, and the Batman had a mustache. I just stared at it in ____10____. When____11____ bringing the cake out, instead of just admitting that it was messed up, the parents tried to save ____12____ and said to the boy," Batman always has a mustache. He just shaves it for movies." In a ____13____ of fate, my mustache confirmed what the parents had said and ____14____the kids that I was actually Batman. That day, there was no doubt in my mind what I was. I may not have been the ____15____ that they ordered and expected. But that day, I was the hero that they needed. 1. A. started B. stuck C. struggled D. settled 2. A. specific B. leading C. central D. generous 3. A. improve B. change C. make D. judge 4. A. Otherwise B. Besides C. However D. Therefore 5. A. surprise B. joy C. enthusiasm D. anxiety 6. A. withdraw B. regret C. exercise D. influence 7. A. shape B. expression C. features D. wrinkles 8. A. showed up B. calmed down C. ran away D. broke out 9. A. applauding B. blaming C. neglecting D. embarrassing 10. A. peace B. comfort C. disbelief D. despair 11. A. accidentally B. finally C. secretly D. initially 12. A. fuel B. money C. time D. face 13. A. shadow B. path C. twist D. role 14. A. guaranteed B. convinced C. warned D. promised 15. A. hero B. comedian C. actor D. filmmaker 三、语法填空 Chinese netizens are passionately discussing the “Kong Yiji mindset,” ___1____ term inspired by an influential figure in modern Chinese literature and used to refer to college ____2____ (graduate) who consider themselves above manual labor. ____3____(set) a few years after the fall of the Qing Dynasty, the story starts with Kong Yiji being ridiculed by the working-class customers in the tavern he frequents for continuing to wear his long scholar’s gown, even though he never passed the imperial exam ____4____ could have landed him a decent job back in the past. As The Paper, a Chinese media company based in Shanghai, writes, “Kong Yiji would rather steal than do ____5____ he considers a menial job(粗活)just to make money. This is relatable in the eyes of some, who think their academic qualifications didn’t lead to the job they wanted or deserved.” The related term, “Kong Yiji mindset,” refers to those who see Kong in ___6___ (they) as they face the pressures of a job market that can’t keep up with the record-breaking number of college graduates. Kong is a ___7___ (sympathy) figure to some recent college graduates whose reality is not living up to expectations. Some netizens are concerned that education itself may one day be seen as superfluous (多余的). “When we were young, we ____8____ (tell) to study hard, and when we grew up, we would become astronauts and scientists,” a Weibo user commented. “Now it has become study hard to screw screws, to be a cleaner, to collect junk. It’s not that I look down on those professions—every profession is respectable— ____9____ it is strange that the wind is blowing in this direction.” In recent years, China has been pushing to expand vocational education as a means to solve the surplus of college graduates. However, the transition remains challenging as the prejudices _____10_____blue-collar jobs lingers. 【课后巩固训练】 一、阅读理解 A The term “seal” is often used to refer to both seals and sea lions, but there are several characteristics that set seals and sea lions apart. Seals and sea lions are both in the order Carnivora and suborder Pinnipedia, thus they are called “pinnipeds.” Pinnipeds are mammals that are well-adapted for swimming. They usually have a streamlined barrel shape (桶形) and four flippers at the end of each limb (四肢). They also give birth to live young and nurse their young. Pinnipeds are protected by a thick layer of fat under their skin and fur to keep them warm in water. There are three families of pinnipeds: the Phocidae, the earless or true seals; the Otariidae, the eared seals, and the Odobenidae, the walruses. Characteristics of Phocidae (Earless or True Seals) Earless seals have no visible ear flaps, although they still have ears, which may be visible as a dark spot or small hole on the side of their head.  “True” seals:  Have no external ear flaps.  Swim with their hind flippers. Their hind flippers always face backward and are furred.  Have front flippers that are short, furry and thick in appearance.  Can be found in both marine and freshwater environments. Characteristics of Otariidae (Eared Seals, Including Fur Seals and Sea Lions) One of the most noticeable features of eared seals is their ears, but they also move around differently than true seals. Eared seals:  Have external ear flaps.  Are only found in marine environments.   Swim with their front flippers. Unlike earless seals, their hind flippers can turn forward, and they are able to walk, and even run, on their flippers. The “seals” you may see performing at marine parks are often sea lions.  May gather in larger groups than true seals. Sea lions are much more vocal than true seals, and make a variety of loud, barking noises. Characteristics of Walruses Wondering about walruses, and how they differ from seals and sea lions? Walruses are pinnipeds, but they are in the family, Odobenidae. One obvious difference between walruses, seals and sea lions is that walruses are the only pinnipeds with tusks—a pair of long pointed teeth. These tusks are present in both males and females. Other than tusks, walruses have some similarities to both seals and sea lions. Like true seals, walruses don’t have visible ear flaps. But, like eared seals, walruses can walk on their flippers by rotating their hind flippers under their body. 1. According to the passage, which of the following statements about pinnipeds is true? A. Pinnipeds are good swimmers. B. Pinnipeds are afraid of cold weather. C. Pinnipeds are of the Phocidae family. D. Seals and sea lions are pinnipeds, while walruses are not. 2. One way to distinguish a sea lion and a true seal is that ________. A. the sea lion cannot play ball B. the true seal cannot hear well C. the sea lion doesn’t have ear flaps D. the true seal can’t walk with hind flippers 3. Which of the following picture best illustrates a walrus? A. B. C. D. B ChatGPT became the hottest issue due to its ability to produce human-sounding essays, poetry, and screenplays on virtually any subject in seconds. Soon after ChatGPT was released, the potential for it to be misused to do things such as spread misinformation and write junk mails became apparent. Schools and educators also have warned of the potential for students to use it to write essays or other work they have been assigned. Last December, the software passed all three parts of the U.S. Medical Licensing Examination as part of a research experiment. So the startup, OpenAI behind the viral chatbot, revealed a tool for detecting text generated by artificial intelligence amid growing concerns the technology will be abused by cheaters, junk mail senders and others. OpenAI said that its so-called AI classifier was designed to help people distinguish between text written by a human versus a range of artificial intelligence programs—not just ChatGPT. OpenAI said it had schools in mind when developing its latest classifier tool. “We recognize that identifying AI-written text has been an important point of discussion among educators, and equally important is recognizing the limits and impacts of AI-generated text classifiers in the classroom,” it said. The classifier isn’t good enough on its own, though it can be used to go with methods that educators, employers and others rely on to determine the source of a piece of text. In evaluations, the new tool correctly identified 26% of AI-written text as “likely AI-written”, while it also had false positives 9% of the time in which it incorrectly labeled human-written text as AI-written. Another problem is that the tool can’t easily tell if a list of facts—U.S. state capitals for example—was written by a person or AI, because the correct answer would be the same. AI-written text can also be edited to escape the classifier. “While it is impossible to reliably detect all AI-written text, classifiers like ours can be updated and re-trained based on successful attacks,” OpenAI said. “But it is unclear whether detection has an advantage in the long-term.” 4. ChatGPT’s passing the U.S. Medical Licensing Exam is mentioned to __________. A. account for its operating principles B. illustrate its complex structure C. emphasize its growing popularity D. warn against its potential danger 5. What’s the function of AI classifier? A. Deepening the impact of AI writers. B. Identifying the texts generated by AI. C. Promoting the use of AI in classroom discussion. D. Arousing educators’ awareness of AI-related technology. 6. What can be concluded from the evaluation of AI classifier? A. It is a work-in-progress. B. It is good at storing factual information. C. It can help a journalist to edit a text. D. It is a reliable educational tool. 7. What does OpenAI think of AI classifier? A. It will be reliable after continuous self-update and retraining. B. Whether it can help educators in the long-term is out of question. C. Whether it can solve the problems as intended remains a question. D. It will succeed in detecting all human-written texts in the near future. C All routes to STEM (science, technology, engineering and mathematics) degrees run through calculus (微积分) classes. Each year, thousands of college students take introductory calculus. But only a small number ultimately complete a STEM degree, and research about why students abandon such degrees suggests that traditional calculus courses are one of the reasons. With scientific understanding and innovation increasingly central to solving 21st-century problems, this loss of talent is something society can ill afford. Math departments alone are unlikely to solve this dilemma. Several of the promising calculus reforms were spearheaded by professors outside of math departments. STEM faculty are prioritizing cooperation across disciplines to transform math classes to cultivate a diverse generation of STEM researchers and professionals. This is not uncharted territory. In 2013, life sciences faculty at the University of California, Los Angeles, developed a two-course sequence that covers classic calculus topics, but also emphasizes their application in a biological context. Creating this course, Mathematics for Life Scientists, wasn’t easy. The life sciences faculty involved, none of whom had a joint appointment with the math department, said they turned to designing the course themselves after math faculty rejected their request for cooperation. In Ohio, Wright State University’s Engineering departments also revised math offerings. Rather than changing the content of the calculus course, they focused on preparing students for calculus by emphasizing “engineering motivation for math.” The approach enhanced opportunities for students with weaker math backgrounds to succeed in engineering and doubled the average graduation rate of engineering students without reducing the average grade of graduates. Math learning is fundamental to all STEM fields, but the opposite also appears to be true. 8. What problem is mentioned in paragraph 1? A. Increasing STEM dropout rate. B. The reform of calculus courses. C. Shrinking admission to STEM majors. D. The shaken belief in the role of calculus. 9. What does “spearheaded” in paragraph 2 probably mean? A. challenged B. evaluated C. cancelled D. initiated 10. What do we know about the calculus course reform according to the text? A. STEM departments made calculus content easier to improve students’ grades. B. Math departments sought cooperation with STEM counterparts to urge reforms. C. Placing calculus learning in specific STEM contexts is a workable approach. D. Removing calculus is the key to increasing graduation rate of STEM students. 11. What does “the opposite” in the last paragraph refer to? A. The STEM fields may be the foundation of other science subjects. B. The STEM fields may be central to making math learning effective. C. Math learning may set barrier for science study in the STEM fields. D. Math learning may make way for science study in the STEM fields. D Discoveries in science and technology are thought by “untaught minds” to come in blinding flashes or as the result of dramatic accidents. Sir Alexander Fleming did not, as legend would have it, look at the mold (霉) on a piece of cheese and get the idea for penicillin there and then. He experimented with antibacterial substances for nine years before he made his discovery. Inventions and innovations almost always come out of tough trial and error. Innovation is like soccer; even the best players miss the goal and have their shots blocked much more frequently than they score. The point is that the players who score most are the ones who take most shots at the goal—and so it goes with innovation in any field of activity. The prime difference between innovation and others is one of approach. Everybody gets ideas, but innovators work consciously on theirs, and they follow them through until they prove practicable or otherwise. What ordinary people see as fanciful abstractions, professional innovators see as solid possibilities. “Creative thinking may mean simply the realization that there’s no particular goodness in doing things the way they have always been done.” Wrote Rudolph Flesch, a language authority. This accounts for our reaction to seemingly simple innovations like plastic garbage bags and suitcases on wheels that make life more convenient: “How come nobody thought of that before?” The creative approach begins with the proposal that nothing be as it appears. Innovators will not accept that there is only one way to do anything. Faced with getting from A to B, the average person will automatically set out on the best-known and apparently simplest route. The innovator will search for alternate courses, which may prove easier in the long run and are sure to be more interesting and challenging even if they lead to dead ends. Highly creative individuals really do march to a different drummer. 12. “Untaught mind” in the first paragraph refers to __________. A. an individual who often comes up with new ideas by accident B. a person who has had no education C. a citizen of a society that restricts personal creativity D. a person ignorant of the hard work involved in experimentation 13. According to the author, what differs innovators from non-innovators? A. The way they present their findings. B. The intelligence they possess. C. The way they deal with problems. D. The variety of ideas they have. 14. The phrase “march to a different drummer” (the last line of the passage) suggests that highly creative individuals are ________. A. devoted to the progress of science B. diligent in pursuing their goals C. concerned about the advance of society D. unwilling to follow common ways of doing things 15. The most suitable title for this passage might be ________. A. What Are So Special about Creative Individuals B. The Relation Between Creation and Diligence C. Discoveries and Innovation D. To Be a Creative Expert in the Study of Human Creativity 二、写作 第一节 应用文写作 假定你是学校动物保护协会志愿者李华，你校留学生Mike对动物保护很热心，来信咨询 你们协会的日常工作内容和报名条件。请你写一封回信，内容包括： 1. 工作内容：进社区宣传；照顾流浪动物等； 2. 志愿者要求：有爱心，时间灵活； 3. 报名方式。 注意：1. 词数100左右； 2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 3. 参考词汇：动物保护协会一Animal Protection Association;流浪动物一stray animals Dear Mike, __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 第二节 读后续写 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 “Wanted: Violin. Can’t pay much. Contact…” I rarely read the classified advertisements, so why did I notice that one? I laid the paper on my lap and closed my eyes, remembering what had happened many years before, during the Great Depression when my family struggled to make a living on our farm. I, too, had wanted a violin. When my older twin sisters began showing an interest in music, Harriet Anne learned to play Grandma’s piano, while Suzanne turned to Daddy’s violin. Simple tunes became lovely melodies. My baby brother danced; Daddy hummed and Mother whistled. I just listened. When my arms grew long enough, I tried to play Suzanne’s violin. Oh, how I wanted one! But I knew it was out of the question. One evening as the twins played in the school orchestra. I closed my eyes tight to capture the picture firmly in my mind. Someday, I’ll sit up there, I vowed silently. It was not a good year. At harvest the crops didn’t bring as much as we had hoped. Yet even though times were hard, I couldn’t wait any longer to ask, “Daddy, may I have a violin of my own?” “Can’t you use Suzanne’s?” “I’d like to be in the orchestra too, and we can’t both use the same violin at the same time.” Daddy’s face looked sad. That night, and many following nights, I heard him remind God in our family prayers, “… and Lord, Mary Lou wants her own violin.” One evening we all sat round the table. The twins and I studied. Mother sewed and Daddy wrote a letter to his friend, George Finkle, in Columbus, Ohio. Mr Finkle, Daddy said, was a fine violinist. When Daddy received a letter from Columbus a few weeks later, he asked me, “Mary Lou, do you want to go with me to visit Mr Finkle?” He drove us to Columbus and we came to a fine, old house. A tall man opened the door. He and Daddy heartily shook hands, both talking at once. “Mary Lou, I’ve been hearing things about you. Your Daddy has arranged a surprise for you!” He picked up a case, opened it, lifted out a violin and started to play. The melody surged and spoke like waterfalls. Oh, to play like him, I thought. Finishing the piece, he turned to Daddy. “I found it in a pawnshop（当铺）for seven dollars. It’s a good violin. Mary Lou should be able to make a beautiful music with it.” Then he handed the violin to me. 注意： 1. 所续写短文的词数应为150左右； 2. 续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好； Paragraph 1: I noticed the tears in Daddy’s eyes as I finally comprehended. It was mine! ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Paragraph 2: I forced my thoughts to the present and read again the advertisement. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 年 级：高二 科 目：英语 内 容：选择性必修四 U2-1 Welcome - Reading 【同步知识梳理】 1.react vi. 对…作出反应；有不良反应，过敏；起化学反应 react to sth (by doing sth) 起反应；对…作出反应；回应 react with sth 起化学反应；发生化学变化 react on/upon v. 起作用于；对…有影响 react against 反抗；反对；起反作用 reaction n. 反应，回应；反应能力（reactions）；（药物或食物引起的）不良反应；化学反应；反作用力 reactive adj. 反应的；电抗的；反动的 reactivity n. 反应；反动 2.gentle adj. 温柔的；温和的；柔和的 gentle and soft 温柔 gentle and quiet 文静的；轻柔的；娴雅文静 a quiet and gentle man 温文尔雅的男士 a gentle voice/laugh/touch 温柔的声音/笑声/触摸 gently adv. 文静地，温柔地；轻柔地； gentleness n. 温顺；亲切；高贵；彬彬有礼 3.feedback n. 反馈，反应 positive feedback 正反馈 negative feedback 负反馈 feedback signal 反馈信号；信号反馈；回馈信号 4.competent adj. 足以胜任的，有能力的 be competent for/in 胜任 competently adv. 胜任地；适合地 competence n. 能力，胜任；权限，管辖权；技能 competency n. 能力（等于 competence）；资格 反义词：incompetent adj. 无能力的，不称职的 5.obtain /əbˈteɪn/ vt. 获得，赢得 obtain access (to) 获得访问……权限；取得获得…… obtain approval 得到认可；获得同意；获得批准 obtainable adj.  能得到的 obtainment n. 获得 6.lose contact 失去联系 in contact with 接触;与...有联系 come into contact with 接触到;联系;开始做某事 make contact with 接触到;接通 keep in contact with与...保持联系 lose touch 失去联系 lose touch with 与...失去联系 7.suit vt. 满足需要；相配，合身 n. 套装，西装，西服 suit sth to sth/sb 使适合（或适应）某事物（或人） suit oneself 随自己的意愿做事；（表示听凭对方的意愿）自便，随便 a suit of 一套 follow suit 跟着做；学样 suitable adj. 适宜的，合适的 suited adj. 合适的 be suited for/to 适合做…；适合于… 8.negotiate vt.&vi. 谈判；商定，达成（协议） negotiate wth sb. about sth. 就某事与某人协商 to negotiate a deal/contract/treaty/settlement 达成交易；确立合同；商定条约内容/解决措施 negotiating skills 谈判技巧 negotiation n. 谈判，协商；转让 negotiable adj. 可协商的，可讨论的；流通的，可兑现的，可转让的；可通行的 9.enterprise n. 公司，企业；规划，事业 private enterprise 私营企业 enterprising adj. 有事业心的；有进取心的；有魄力的；有胆量的 enterprisingly adv. 有企业心地 enterpriser n. 企业家 10.straightforward adj. 坦诚的；简单的 straightforward way 直接的方式 straightforward procedure 简单过程 straightforwardly adv. 直截了当地；正直地 straightforwardness n. 坦率 11.fold /fəʊld/ vt. 折叠，对折；包，裹 n. 皱，皱层，折叠部分 folder n. 文件夹；折叠机；折叠式印刷品 foldable adj. 可折叠的；可合拢的 folding adj. 可折叠的 fold sth (up)/fold sth (back, down, over, etc.) 折叠，对折（纸、织物等） fold up 倒闭；撒手；垮台；放弃 12.friction n. 争执；摩擦 reduce friction 减少摩擦 cause friction 引起摩擦 avoid friction 避免摩擦 produce friction 产生摩擦；产生纠纷 frictional adj. [力] 摩擦的；由摩擦而生的 frictionless adj. 无摩擦的；光滑的 13.clarify vt. 使更清晰易懂，阐明 to clarify a situation/problem/issue 澄清情况/问题 clarified butter 已净化的黄油 clarification n. 澄清，阐明；净化 clarified adj. 澄清的；透明的 clarity n. 清楚，明晰；透明 14. knowledgeable adj. 博学的，有见识的 be knowledgeable (about sth) 博学的；有见识的；知识渊博的 knowledgeably adv. 有知识地；聪明地 knowledgeability n. 知识丰富；聪明 knowledge n. 知识，学问；知道，了解 15.put yourself in sb’s shoes 处于某人的境地，设身处地 be in sb’s shoes 处于某人的境地；设身处地 if I were in your shoes　（引出建议）要是我处在你的境地，换了我是你的话 16.sympathy n. 同情；赞同 to express / feel sympathy for sb 向某人表示体恤；对某人感到同情 in sympathy with sth　因……而出现；相应发生 out of sympathy with sb / sth 不赞成，不支持（某人或事物） sympathetic adj. 同情的；有同情心的；表示同情的 ~ (to / towards sb)；赞同的；支持的 sympathize v. 同情；赞同；支持　 sympathizer n. 赞同者；支持者 17.account for sth 是…的说明（或原因）；（数量上、比例上）占 account n. 账户；账目；描述；叙述；报告；（思想、理论、过程的）解释，说明，叙述 on account of sth　由于；因为 on no account　决不；绝对不 on this / that account　由于这个/那个缘故 take account of sth︱take sth into account 考虑到；顾及 accountant n. 会计；会计师 18.approve vi.&vt. 赞成；批准，通过（计划、要求等） approve of 赞成，赞同 approve of sb/sth 赞成；同意 approve of sb doing sth approve of sb's doing sth 同意某人做某事 approval n. 赞成；同意；批准，通过，认可（计划、要求等） approved adj. 得到正式认可的，核准的 approving adj. 赞成的，赞许的，满意的 反义词: disapprove v. 不赞成，反对；不批准，否决 19.tone n. 语气，腔调；风格，特色 speaking in hushed/low/clipped/measured, etc. tones 以压低、低沉、短促、缓慢谨慎等的语调讲话 a conversational tone 交谈的语气 a tone of surprise 惊奇的口气 20.gain vt.&vi. 获得；增进，增长；到达；（从…中）受益 n. 好处，收获 to gain entrance/entry/access to sth 得以进入/接近某物 to gain confidence/strength/experience 增加信心/力量/经验 gain (sth) (by/from sth) （从…中）受益，获益；得到（好处） no pain(s) no gain(s) 不劳无获 a ￡5, 000 gain from our investment 从投资中获取的5, 000英镑的收益 efficiency gains 效率提高 21.gesture n. 手势，姿势；姿态，表示 vi.&vt. 做手势，用手势示意 gesture language n. 手语，肢体语言 gesture recognition 手势识别 gesture (for/to sb) (to do sth) 做手势；用手势表示；用动作示意 22.precisely adv. 准确地，恰好地；细心地；正是，确实 precisely speaking 严格说来; 确切地讲 to describe sth precisely 精确地描述某事物 more precisely　更确切地说；更严格地说 precise adj. 精确的，准确的；恰好的，确切的；（人）严格的，一丝不苟的 preciseness n. 严谨；精确；古板 同义词: accurately adv. 精确地；准确地 exactly adv. 精确地，确切地；恰好，完全 【精题精练精讲】 一、单词拼写 1. The time and hard work involved in completing a significant assignment are w________． 2. Write an o________ before you start writing an article, or you would easily write something that is beside the point. 3. A man has been a________ in connection with the murder of the teenager. 4. Her low income was b________ enough to maintain one child, let alone three. 5. We shouldn't allow ourselves to be bullied into doing anything that goes against our p________． 6. The technologies themselves, and their makers, are the easiest ________ (可疑对象) to blame for our reducing attention spans. 7. Many companies in Britain are ________ (热衷于) on the idea of tax incentives for R&D. 8. Our company is looking for someone who is ________ (可靠的) and hardworking. 9. Once most ________ (金属丝) are bent out of shape, they don't return to the original position. 10. Innocence and ________ (正派的) living are no protection from the evil elements within our society. 二、短语填空(用所给短语的适当形式填空，有两项多余) under arrest; pull out; lose contact; turn up; arm in arm; be adapted from; keep an appointment; tear down; stick to; put up; make one's fortune; take charge of 1. I had just spent a terrible weekend—I had my wisdom teeth ______________ and they still hurt. 2. Most of the older buildings have been ______________ and replaced by modern constructions. 3. Watching an old couple walking along the beach ______________ gives me a sense of happiness. 4. Countless college graduates hopefully go to the city to ______________ and hopelessly leave the city in the face of high housing prices. 5. If you are unable to ______________, you should notify us 48 hours in advance. 6. It is really annoying that he has not ________________ when the train is about to leave. 7. The suspect didn't have any time to react before policemen stormed in and placed him __________________． 8. The government is ______________ new hotels in order to boost tourism in the area. 9. It is a celebrating day. I got in touch with Michael whom I have been ______________ with for one year. 10. China values friendship but ______________ principles and will unswervingly maintain its core national interest. 三、单句填空 A)词汇知识运用 1. In English law a person is ________ (innocence) until they are proved guilty. 2. Some workers are ________ (legal) employed, but the majority work unofficially with neither health insurance nor wage security. 3. There has been a mixed reaction to her ________ (appoint) as director. 4. The trial is concerned only with the determination of guilt according to ________ (crime) law. 5. Not having that ________ (bless) from their parents may be the only thing holding the lovers back. B)语法知识运用 6. According to the latest report, three hours of exercise a week ________ (be) good for one's health. 7. I can think of many cases ________ students obviously knew a lot of English words and expressions but couldn't write a good essay. 8. Many big cities have had experiments of this kind, with old factories ________ (turn) into successful art centers. 9. Houses are sold at such a high price ________ people never expected. 10. He left office after ________ (suspect) of theft. 四、完成句子 1. The job is worth doing, but it __________________________________ (花这么多时间讨论是不值得的)． 2. My agenda is quite full for the whole week, so I can't ______________________________ (和你预约)． 3. __________________________ (坐在教室后面的是) several old teachers, listening attentively to the new teacher. 4. Peace talks between the two countries have broken down __________________________ (没有达成协议). (with复合结构) 5. A lot of language learning, ________________ (正如所发现的), is happening in the first year of life, so parents should talk much to their children during that period. 6. I __________________________ (非常怀疑他在对我撒谎) because he was not a reliable man. 答案：一、单词拼写 1. worthwhile　2. outline　3. arrested　4. Barely 5. principles　6. suspects　7. keen　8. Reliable 9. wires　10. decent 二、短语填空 1. pulled out　2. torn down　3. arm in arm 4. make their fortune　5. keep an appointment 6. turned up　7. under arrest　8. putting up 9. losing contact　10. sticks to 三、单句填空 1. innocent　2. legally　3. appointment　4. Criminal 5. blessing　6. is　7. where　8. turned　9. As 10. being suspected 四、 完成句子 1. is not worthwhile spending/to spend so much time discussing it　2. make/have an appointment with you 3. Sitting at the back of the classroom were 4. with no agreement reached　5. as has been discovered　6. strongly suspected he was lying to me 【能力拓展训练】 一、七选五 People refer to never forgetting how to ride a bike or throw a baseball as examples of “muscle memory”, the result of a motor learning. _____1_____ It is a phenomenon that previously trained muscles acquire strength after a period of disuse. Previous research has shown that the changes actually persist in the muscles themselves. In one study of mice, the results suggest that after nuclei in muscle cells multiply in response to an overload of training, those extra nuclei aren’t lost during subsequent periods of inactivity. They are retained (保留), essentially waiting to be reactivated. If you fell off the fitness wagon (马车) during the pandemic, don’t be frustrated. Once you have got additional nuclei, you are banking the capacity. _____2_____ In fact, a recent study revealed that less than eight weeks of retraining were needed to regain your former fitness. It depends on how fit you were initially, how long the layoff was, how old you are and how long you’d been exercising. _____3____ It means you still have a distinct advantage when it comes to regaining your former level of fitness. And the principle applies to both resistance training and endurance training. The best way to regain your muscle memory is to start at a level below what you were accustomed to doing, and then gradually increase in terms of duration, frequency, then intensity. _____4_____ Ultimately, muscle memory is a payoff for all the past work you put into learning a sport. _____5_____ You will never know how much muscle memory you may have until you start training again. A. The best way to tap into it is to “get back on the horse”. B. Physiologists, on the other hand, define it in a different way. C. This convinces the researchers that muscle memory may not be long lasting. D. That is to say, we can do the sports automatically without conscious thought. E. It is generally safe to increase these elements by 5 percent every week or two. F. It is evident that the more you exercise, the more muscle memory savings you will have. G. All this news about muscle memory is encouraging for those who fell off the fitness scheme. 【答案】1. B 2. A 3. G 4. E 5. F 二、完形填空 My first year living in Los Angeles, I was a birthday-party clown(小丑). I ___1___with my identity because, though I viewed myself as a filmmaker, everyone in my life associated me with this ridiculous day job. For certain parties, I had to go as a ___2___ character, so at the party I'd actually be＂Mickey Mouse" or "Sponge-Bob SquarePants. "One night, I was told that I was going to be Batman. At the time I had a giant mustache but I didn't want to ___3___ my physical appearance for that job. ___4___, for the party, I chose not to shave. Normally at these parties, you pop in through the front door: "Surprise! Batman's here!" However, my element of ___5___ was shot because they saw me coming from, like, a quarter of a mile away, which left me plenty of time to ___6___ my choice not to shave. Once I got close enough for them to make out the ___7___ of my face, the entire party ___8___in laughter and then into cheers. After I ran into the party, they were___9___me. I saw the birthday boy with his dad, who was laughing, and he said, "You see, I told you, son. Batman has a mustache." He took me to the huge birthday cake with a Batman drawn on it, and the Batman had a mustache. I just stared at it in ____10____. When____11____ bringing the cake out, instead of just admitting that it was messed up, the parents tried to save ____12____ and said to the boy," Batman always has a mustache. He just shaves it for movies." In a ____13____ of fate, my mustache confirmed what the parents had said and ____14____the kids that I was actually Batman. That day, there was no doubt in my mind what I was. I may not have been the ____15____ that they ordered and expected. But that day, I was the hero that they needed. 1. A. started B. stuck C. struggled D. settled 2. A. specific B. leading C. central D. generous 3. A. improve B. change C. make D. judge 4. A. Otherwise B. Besides C. However D. Therefore 5. A. surprise B. joy C. enthusiasm D. anxiety 6. A. withdraw B. regret C. exercise D. influence 7. A. shape B. expression C. features D. wrinkles 8. A. showed up B. calmed down C. ran away D. broke out 9. A. applauding B. blaming C. neglecting D. embarrassing 10. A. peace B. comfort C. disbelief D. despair 11. A. accidentally B. finally C. secretly D. initially 12. A. fuel B. money C. time D. face 13. A. shadow B. path C. twist D. role 14. A. guaranteed B. convinced C. warned D. promised 15. A. hero B. comedian C. actor D. filmmaker 【答案】1. C 2. A 3. B 4. D 5. A 6. B 7. C 8. D 9. A 10. C 11. D 12. D 13. C 14. B 15. A 三、语法填空 Chinese netizens are passionately discussing the “Kong Yiji mindset,” ___1____ term inspired by an influential figure in modern Chinese literature and used to refer to college ____2____ (graduate) who consider themselves above manual labor. ____3____(set) a few years after the fall of the Qing Dynasty, the story starts with Kong Yiji being ridiculed by the working-class customers in the tavern he frequents for continuing to wear his long scholar’s gown, even though he never passed the imperial exam ____4____ could have landed him a decent job back in the past. As The Paper, a Chinese media company based in Shanghai, writes, “Kong Yiji would rather steal than do ____5____ he considers a menial job(粗活)just to make money. This is relatable in the eyes of some, who think their academic qualifications didn’t lead to the job they wanted or deserved.” The related term, “Kong Yiji mindset,” refers to those who see Kong in ___6___ (they) as they face the pressures of a job market that can’t keep up with the record-breaking number of college graduates. Kong is a ___7___ (sympathy) figure to some recent college graduates whose reality is not living up to expectations. Some netizens are concerned that education itself may one day be seen as superfluous (多余的). “When we were young, we ____8____ (tell) to study hard, and when we grew up, we would become astronauts and scientists,” a Weibo user commented. “Now it has become study hard to screw screws, to be a cleaner, to collect junk. It’s not that I look down on those professions—every profession is respectable— ____9____ it is strange that the wind is blowing in this direction.” In recent years, China has been pushing to expand vocational education as a means to solve the surplus of college graduates. However, the transition remains challenging as the prejudices _____10_____blue-collar jobs lingers. 【答案】1. a 2. graduates 3. Set 4. that##which 5. what 6. themselves 7. sympathetic 8. were told 9. but 10. against 【课后巩固训练】 一、阅读理解 A The term “seal” is often used to refer to both seals and sea lions, but there are several characteristics that set seals and sea lions apart. Seals and sea lions are both in the order Carnivora and suborder Pinnipedia, thus they are called “pinnipeds.” Pinnipeds are mammals that are well-adapted for swimming. They usually have a streamlined barrel shape (桶形) and four flippers at the end of each limb (四肢). They also give birth to live young and nurse their young. Pinnipeds are protected by a thick layer of fat under their skin and fur to keep them warm in water. There are three families of pinnipeds: the Phocidae, the earless or true seals; the Otariidae, the eared seals, and the Odobenidae, the walruses. Characteristics of Phocidae (Earless or True Seals) Earless seals have no visible ear flaps, although they still have ears, which may be visible as a dark spot or small hole on the side of their head.  “True” seals:  Have no external ear flaps.  Swim with their hind flippers. Their hind flippers always face backward and are furred.  Have front flippers that are short, furry and thick in appearance.  Can be found in both marine and freshwater environments. Characteristics of Otariidae (Eared Seals, Including Fur Seals and Sea Lions) One of the most noticeable features of eared seals is their ears, but they also move around differently than true seals. Eared seals:  Have external ear flaps.  Are only found in marine environments.   Swim with their front flippers. Unlike earless seals, their hind flippers can turn forward, and they are able to walk, and even run, on their flippers. The “seals” you may see performing at marine parks are often sea lions.  May gather in larger groups than true seals. Sea lions are much more vocal than true seals, and make a variety of loud, barking noises. Characteristics of Walruses Wondering about walruses, and how they differ from seals and sea lions? Walruses are pinnipeds, but they are in the family, Odobenidae. One obvious difference between walruses, seals and sea lions is that walruses are the only pinnipeds with tusks—a pair of long pointed teeth. These tusks are present in both males and females. Other than tusks, walruses have some similarities to both seals and sea lions. Like true seals, walruses don’t have visible ear flaps. But, like eared seals, walruses can walk on their flippers by rotating their hind flippers under their body. 1. According to the passage, which of the following statements about pinnipeds is true? A. Pinnipeds are good swimmers. B. Pinnipeds are afraid of cold weather. C. Pinnipeds are of the Phocidae family. D. Seals and sea lions are pinnipeds, while walruses are not. 2. One way to distinguish a sea lion and a true seal is that ________. A. the sea lion cannot play ball B. the true seal cannot hear well C. the sea lion doesn’t have ear flaps D. the true seal can’t walk with hind flippers 3. Which of the following picture best illustrates a walrus? A. B. C. D. 【答案】1. A 2. D 3. C B ChatGPT became the hottest issue due to its ability to produce human-sounding essays, poetry, and screenplays on virtually any subject in seconds. Soon after ChatGPT was released, the potential for it to be misused to do things such as spread misinformation and write junk mails became apparent. Schools and educators also have warned of the potential for students to use it to write essays or other work they have been assigned. Last December, the software passed all three parts of the U.S. Medical Licensing Examination as part of a research experiment. So the startup, OpenAI behind the viral chatbot, revealed a tool for detecting text generated by artificial intelligence amid growing concerns the technology will be abused by cheaters, junk mail senders and others. OpenAI said that its so-called AI classifier was designed to help people distinguish between text written by a human versus a range of artificial intelligence programs—not just ChatGPT. OpenAI said it had schools in mind when developing its latest classifier tool. “We recognize that identifying AI-written text has been an important point of discussion among educators, and equally important is recognizing the limits and impacts of AI-generated text classifiers in the classroom,” it said. The classifier isn’t good enough on its own, though it can be used to go with methods that educators, employers and others rely on to determine the source of a piece of text. In evaluations, the new tool correctly identified 26% of AI-written text as “likely AI-written”, while it also had false positives 9% of the time in which it incorrectly labeled human-written text as AI-written. Another problem is that the tool can’t easily tell if a list of facts—U.S. state capitals for example—was written by a person or AI, because the correct answer would be the same. AI-written text can also be edited to escape the classifier. “While it is impossible to reliably detect all AI-written text, classifiers like ours can be updated and re-trained based on successful attacks,” OpenAI said. “But it is unclear whether detection has an advantage in the long-term.” 4. ChatGPT’s passing the U.S. Medical Licensing Exam is mentioned to __________. A. account for its operating principles B. illustrate its complex structure C. emphasize its growing popularity D. warn against its potential danger 5. What’s the function of AI classifier? A. Deepening the impact of AI writers. B. Identifying the texts generated by AI. C. Promoting the use of AI in classroom discussion. D. Arousing educators’ awareness of AI-related technology. 6. What can be concluded from the evaluation of AI classifier? A. It is a work-in-progress. B. It is good at storing factual information. C. It can help a journalist to edit a text. D. It is a reliable educational tool. 7. What does OpenAI think of AI classifier? A. It will be reliable after continuous self-update and retraining. B. Whether it can help educators in the long-term is out of question. C. Whether it can solve the problems as intended remains a question. D. It will succeed in detecting all human-written texts in the near future. 【答案】4. D 5. B 6. A 7. C C All routes to STEM (science, technology, engineering and mathematics) degrees run through calculus (微积分) classes. Each year, thousands of college students take introductory calculus. But only a small number ultimately complete a STEM degree, and research about why students abandon such degrees suggests that traditional calculus courses are one of the reasons. With scientific understanding and innovation increasingly central to solving 21st-century problems, this loss of talent is something society can ill afford. Math departments alone are unlikely to solve this dilemma. Several of the promising calculus reforms were spearheaded by professors outside of math departments. STEM faculty are prioritizing cooperation across disciplines to transform math classes to cultivate a diverse generation of STEM researchers and professionals. This is not uncharted territory. In 2013, life sciences faculty at the University of California, Los Angeles, developed a two-course sequence that covers classic calculus topics, but also emphasizes their application in a biological context. Creating this course, Mathematics for Life Scientists, wasn’t easy. The life sciences faculty involved, none of whom had a joint appointment with the math department, said they turned to designing the course themselves after math faculty rejected their request for cooperation. In Ohio, Wright State University’s Engineering departments also revised math offerings. Rather than changing the content of the calculus course, they focused on preparing students for calculus by emphasizing “engineering motivation for math.” The approach enhanced opportunities for students with weaker math backgrounds to succeed in engineering and doubled the average graduation rate of engineering students without reducing the average grade of graduates. Math learning is fundamental to all STEM fields, but the opposite also appears to be true. 8. What problem is mentioned in paragraph 1? A. Increasing STEM dropout rate. B. The reform of calculus courses. C. Shrinking admission to STEM majors. D. The shaken belief in the role of calculus. 9. What does “spearheaded” in paragraph 2 probably mean? A. challenged B. evaluated C. cancelled D. initiated 10. What do we know about the calculus course reform according to the text? A. STEM departments made calculus content easier to improve students’ grades. B. Math departments sought cooperation with STEM counterparts to urge reforms. C. Placing calculus learning in specific STEM contexts is a workable approach. D. Removing calculus is the key to increasing graduation rate of STEM students. 11. What does “the opposite” in the last paragraph refer to? A. The STEM fields may be the foundation of other science subjects. B. The STEM fields may be central to making math learning effective. C. Math learning may set barrier for science study in the STEM fields. D. Math learning may make way for science study in the STEM fields. 【答案】8. A 9. D 10. C 11. B D Discoveries in science and technology are thought by “untaught minds” to come in blinding flashes or as the result of dramatic accidents. Sir Alexander Fleming did not, as legend would have it, look at the mold (霉) on a piece of cheese and get the idea for penicillin there and then. He experimented with antibacterial substances for nine years before he made his discovery. Inventions and innovations almost always come out of tough trial and error. Innovation is like soccer; even the best players miss the goal and have their shots blocked much more frequently than they score. The point is that the players who score most are the ones who take most shots at the goal—and so it goes with innovation in any field of activity. The prime difference between innovation and others is one of approach. Everybody gets ideas, but innovators work consciously on theirs, and they follow them through until they prove practicable or otherwise. What ordinary people see as fanciful abstractions, professional innovators see as solid possibilities. “Creative thinking may mean simply the realization that there’s no particular goodness in doing things the way they have always been done.” Wrote Rudolph Flesch, a language authority. This accounts for our reaction to seemingly simple innovations like plastic garbage bags and suitcases on wheels that make life more convenient: “How come nobody thought of that before?” The creative approach begins with the proposal that nothing be as it appears. Innovators will not accept that there is only one way to do anything. Faced with getting from A to B, the average person will automatically set out on the best-known and apparently simplest route. The innovator will search for alternate courses, which may prove easier in the long run and are sure to be more interesting and challenging even if they lead to dead ends. Highly creative individuals really do march to a different drummer. 12. “Untaught mind” in the first paragraph refers to __________. A. an individual who often comes up with new ideas by accident B. a person who has had no education C. a citizen of a society that restricts personal creativity D. a person ignorant of the hard work involved in experimentation 13. According to the author, what differs innovators from non-innovators? A. The way they present their findings. B. The intelligence they possess. C. The way they deal with problems. D. The variety of ideas they have. 14. The phrase “march to a different drummer” (the last line of the passage) suggests that highly creative individuals are ________. A. devoted to the progress of science B. diligent in pursuing their goals C. concerned about the advance of society D. unwilling to follow common ways of doing things 15. The most suitable title for this passage might be ________. A. What Are So Special about Creative Individuals B. The Relation Between Creation and Diligence C. Discoveries and Innovation D. To Be a Creative Expert in the Study of Human Creativity 【答案】12. D 13. C 14. D 15. B 二、写作 第一节 应用文写作 假定你是学校动物保护协会志愿者李华，你校留学生Mike对动物保护很热心，来信咨询 你们协会的日常工作内容和报名条件。请你写一封回信，内容包括： 1. 工作内容：进社区宣传；照顾流浪动物等； 2. 志愿者要求：有爱心，时间灵活； 3. 报名方式。 注意：1. 词数100左右； 2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 3. 参考词汇：动物保护协会一Animal Protection Association;流浪动物一stray animals Dear Mike, __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【答案】Dear Mike, I am Li Hua, a member of the Animal Protection Association. Hearing that you are enthusiastic about animal protection and show great interest in our Association, I would like to tell you some related information. With the aim of protecting animals, our association has always been committed to providing animals with better living conditions. What we do regularly is to organize various activities in communities to urge people to pay more attention to the protection of animals and the environment with our combined efforts. Apart from that, we also help look after stray animals, some injured animals included. Anyone who is caring and helpful, and has a flexible schedule is welcomed to join us. If you are interested in it, please send your application form by email to APA@qq.com. Looking forward to your participation! Yours, Li Hua 第二节 读后续写 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 “Wanted: Violin. Can’t pay much. Contact…” I rarely read the classified advertisements, so why did I notice that one? I laid the paper on my lap and closed my eyes, remembering what had happened many years before, during the Great Depression when my family struggled to make a living on our farm. I, too, had wanted a violin. When my older twin sisters began showing an interest in music, Harriet Anne learned to play Grandma’s piano, while Suzanne turned to Daddy’s violin. Simple tunes became lovely melodies. My baby brother danced; Daddy hummed and Mother whistled. I just listened. When my arms grew long enough, I tried to play Suzanne’s violin. Oh, how I wanted one! But I knew it was out of the question. One evening as the twins played in the school orchestra. I closed my eyes tight to capture the picture firmly in my mind. Someday, I’ll sit up there, I vowed silently. It was not a good year. At harvest the crops didn’t bring as much as we had hoped. Yet even though times were hard, I couldn’t wait any longer to ask, “Daddy, may I have a violin of my own?” “Can’t you use Suzanne’s?” “I’d like to be in the orchestra too, and we can’t both use the same violin at the same time.” Daddy’s face looked sad. That night, and many following nights, I heard him remind God in our family prayers, “… and Lord, Mary Lou wants her own violin.” One evening we all sat round the table. The twins and I studied. Mother sewed and Daddy wrote a letter to his friend, George Finkle, in Columbus, Ohio. Mr Finkle, Daddy said, was a fine violinist. When Daddy received a letter from Columbus a few weeks later, he asked me, “Mary Lou, do you want to go with me to visit Mr Finkle?” He drove us to Columbus and we came to a fine, old house. A tall man opened the door. He and Daddy heartily shook hands, both talking at once. “Mary Lou, I’ve been hearing things about you. Your Daddy has arranged a surprise for you!” He picked up a case, opened it, lifted out a violin and started to play. The melody surged and spoke like waterfalls. Oh, to play like him, I thought. Finishing the piece, he turned to Daddy. “I found it in a pawnshop（当铺）for seven dollars. It’s a good violin. Mary Lou should be able to make a beautiful music with it.” Then he handed the violin to me. 注意： 1. 所续写短文的词数应为150左右； 2. 续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好； Paragraph 1: I noticed the tears in Daddy’s eyes as I finally comprehended. It was mine! ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Paragraph 2: I forced my thoughts to the present and read again the advertisement. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Paragraph 1: I noticed the tears in Daddy’s eyes as I finally comprehended. It was mine! “It’s beautiful.” I said, barely breathing. I knew Daddy’s prayer, and mine, had been answered. Back home, I practiced daily, feeling no tiredness. When I was ready to join the school orchestra, I trembled with excitement. Daddy and Mother smiled proudly in the audience at their little girl who held her cherished violin for the whole world to admire. The years seemed to run more swiftly then. I packed my violin in its case and stepped into the grown-up world. Nurse’s training, marriage, working, bringing up four daughters filled my years. Yet none of my children cared about the violin. Paragraph 2: I forced my thoughts to the present and read again the advertisement. Laying the paper aside, I went to find my violin. And I dialed the number. Later that afternoon, an old car stopped in my driveway. A man in his thirties with a young girl knocked on the door. “I’ve been praying someone would answer my advertisement. My daughter wants a violin so badly.” He said, “How much are you asking?” “Seven dollars,” I said. I handed the case to the girl. She opened the case and touched the violin lightly as it caught the glow of the late-afternoon sun. Then she threw her arms round her smiling father. 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $