Unit 5 History and the world 词汇同步笔记 清单-2024-2025学年高中英语重大版选择性必修第四册

2025-11-25
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学段 高中
学科 英语
教材版本 高中英语重庆大学版选择性必修第四册
年级 高二
章节 Unit 5 History and the World
类型 学案-知识清单
知识点 -
使用场景 同步教学-新授课
学年 2025-2026
地区(省份) 全国
地区(市) -
地区(区县) -
文件格式 DOCX
文件大小 48 KB
发布时间 2025-11-25
更新时间 2025-11-25
作者 匿名
品牌系列 -
审核时间 2025-11-25
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重大版 选必4 Unit 5 History and the world.词汇同步笔记 序号 单词 词形变化 派生词 核心考点 例句 1 web n. 网 复数:webs;过去式/过去分词:webbed web v. 结网;webbed adj. 有蹼的 1. a web of lies(谎言网)2. World Wide Web(万维网) Spiders spin a web to catch insects.(蜘蛛结网捕捉昆虫。) 2 drown vt. 淹没 过去式/过去分词:drowned;复数:drowns drowning n. 溺水;drowned adj. 溺水的 1. drown in water(溺水)2. drown sorrows(借酒消愁) The little girl nearly drowned in the river.(这个小女孩差点在河里溺水。) 3 anxious adj. 焦虑的;担忧的 比较级:more anxious;最高级:most anxious anxiety n. 焦虑;anxiously adv. 焦虑地 1. be anxious about(担忧……)2. be anxious to do(渴望做) She was anxious about her son's safety.(她担心儿子的安全。) 4 anxiety n. 焦虑 复数:anxieties anxious adj. 焦虑的;anxiously adv. 焦虑地 1. suffer from anxiety(遭受焦虑)2. relieve anxiety(缓解焦虑) Too much pressure can lead to anxiety.(压力过大会导致焦虑。) 5 twin n. 双胞胎中的一人 复数:twins;形容词无词形变化(adj. 双胞胎的) twin adj. 双胞胎的;twinned adj. 成对的 1. twin brother(双胞胎兄弟)2. twin sisters(双胞胎姐妹) She is the elder of the twin sisters.(她是这对双胞胎姐妹中的姐姐。) 6 bomb n. 炸弹 复数:bombs;过去式/过去分词:bombed bomb v. 轰炸;bomber n. 轰炸机 1. plant a bomb(安放炸弹)2. atomic bomb(原子弹) The soldiers defused the bomb successfully.(士兵们成功拆除了炸弹。) 7 atomic bomb 原子弹 无词形变化 atomic adj. 原子的;bomb n. 炸弹 1. drop an atomic bomb(投原子弹)2. atomic bomb attack(原子弹袭击) The atomic bomb changed the course of the war.(原子弹改变了战争的进程。) 8 horrified adj. 惊骇的 无比较级/最高级 horrify v. 使惊骇;horror n. 恐怖 1. be horrified at(对……感到惊骇)2. horrified expression(惊骇的表情) She was horrified at the sight of the accident.(她看到事故现场感到惊骇。) 9 terrified adj. 感到恐惧的 无比较级/最高级 terrify v. 使恐惧;terror n. 恐怖 1. be terrified of(害怕……)2. terrified look(恐惧的神情) The child was terrified of thunderstorms.(这个孩子害怕雷暴。) 10 tax n. 税;税款 复数:taxes;过去式/过去分词:taxed tax v. 征税;taxable adj. 应纳税的 1. pay taxes(纳税)2. income tax(所得税) Citizens have the obligation to pay taxes.(公民有纳税的义务。) 11 fairy tale 童话故事 无词形变化 fairy n. 仙女;tale n. 故事 1. read a fairy tale(读童话故事)2. classic fairy tale(经典童话故事) Children love listening to fairy tales before bed.(孩子们睡前喜欢听童话故事。) 12 tangled adj. 缠结的;复杂的 无比较级/最高级 tangle v. 缠结;tangle n. 缠结 1. tangled hair(缠结的头发)2. tangled problem(复杂的问题) She spent hours combing her tangled hair.(她花了几个小时梳理缠结的头发。) 13 pearl n. 珍珠 复数:pearls pearlescent adj. 珍珠般的 1. natural pearl(天然珍珠)2. a string of pearls(一串珍珠) The necklace is made of valuable pearls.(这条项链由珍贵的珍珠制成。) 14 reluctantly adv. 不情愿地 无比较级/最高级 reluctant adj. 不情愿的;reluctance n. 不情愿 1. agree reluctantly(不情愿地同意)2. leave reluctantly(不情愿地离开) He reluctantly agreed to help his friend.(他不情愿地同意帮助朋友。) 15 surrender vi. 投降 过去式/过去分词:surrendered;复数:surrenders surrender n. 投降;surrenderer n. 投降者 1. surrender to(向……投降)2. unconditional surrender(无条件投降) The enemy had to surrender after running out of supplies.(敌人弹尽粮绝后不得不投降。) 16 tyranny n. 暴政;专横 复数:tyrannies tyrant n. 暴君;tyrannical adj. 暴君的 1. fight against tyranny(反抗暴政)2. the tyranny of a ruler(统治者的专横) People rose up to resist the tyranny of the king.(人们奋起反抗国王的暴政。) 17 untangle vt. 整理;解开 过去式/过去分词:untangled tangle v. 缠结;untangled adj. 解开的 1. untangle a rope(解开绳子)2. untangle a problem(理清问题) She tried to untangle the knotted thread.(她试图解开打结的线。) 18 be appealing to 对……有吸引力 无词形变化 无 1. be appealing to young people(对年轻人有吸引力)2. be appealing to readers(对读者有吸引力) The new novel is appealing to people of all ages.(这部新小说对各个年龄段的人都有吸引力。) 19 draw… away from 吸引……远离 无词形变化 无 1. draw attention away from(吸引注意力远离)2. draw sb. away from work(吸引某人远离工作) The noise drew her attention away from the book.(噪音让她的注意力从书上移开。) 20 be anxious to 渴望;急于想 无词形变化 无 1. be anxious to succeed(渴望成功)2. be anxious to return(急于返回) He is anxious to know the test results.(他急于知道考试结果。) 21 in whisper 低声地 无词形变化 whisper v. 低声说;whisper n. 低语 1. speak in whisper(低声说话)2. talk in whisper(低声交谈) They talked in whisper to avoid waking the baby.(他们低声交谈,以免吵醒婴儿。) 22 in shock and disbelief 吃惊和怀疑地 无词形变化 无 1. stare in shock and disbelief(吃惊怀疑地盯着)2. react in shock and disbelief(吃惊怀疑地反应) She looked at him in shock and disbelief.(她吃惊又怀疑地看着他。) 23 slap sb. in the face 打某人一巴掌 无词形变化 无 1. slap sb. in the face(打某人耳光) He slapped her in the face in anger.(他愤怒地打了她一巴掌。) 24 a large portion of 大部分 无词形变化 无 1. a large portion of time(大部分时间)2. a large portion of money(大部分钱) A large portion of the budget is spent on education.(预算的大部分用于教育。) 25 in agreement with 同意;与……一致 无词形变化 无 1. in agreement with sb.(同意某人)2. in agreement with the plan(同意这个计划) I am in agreement with her opinion on this matter.(在这件事上我同意她的观点。) 26 lie to sb. 对……撒谎 无词形变化 lie v. 撒谎;lie n. 谎言 1. lie to parents(对父母撒谎)2. never lie to others(从不向别人撒谎) He lied to his teacher about being late.(他关于迟到的事对老师撒了谎。) 27 stare at 凝视;盯住 无词形变化 无 1. stare at sb.(凝视某人)2. stare at sth.(盯住某物) The little boy stared at the stranger curiously.(小男孩好奇地盯着那个陌生人。) 28 turn sth. in 上交 无词形变化 无 1. turn in homework(上交作业)2. turn in a report(上交报告) Students must turn in their papers before Friday.(学生必须在周五前上交论文。) 29 from that perspective 从这个角度看 无词形变化 无 1. from that perspective(从这个角度看)2. view from that perspective(从这个角度看待) From that perspective, his decision is understandable.(从这个角度看,他的决定是可以理解的。) 30 interpretation n. 解释 复数:interpretations interpret v. 解释;interpretive adj. 解释的 1. different interpretations(不同的解释)2. interpretation of a poem(诗歌的解释) There are various interpretations of this ancient text.(这部古籍有多种解释。) 31 duration n. 持续时间;期间 无复数 duration adj. 持续的;during prep. 在……期间 1. the duration of the meeting(会议的持续时间)2. for the duration of(在……期间) The duration of the exam is two hours.(考试时长为两小时。) 32 Confucianism n. 儒家思想 无复数 Confucian adj. 儒家的;Confucius n. 孔子 1. core of Confucianism(儒家思想的核心)2. spread Confucianism(传播儒家思想) Confucianism has shaped Chinese culture deeply.(儒家思想深刻塑造了中国文化。) 33 integrity n. 正直;诚实 无复数 integral adj. 完整的;integrity n. 正直 1. moral integrity(道德正直)2. personal integrity(个人诚信) His integrity赢得 him the trust of everyone.(他的正直赢得了所有人的信任。) 34 virtue n. 美德 复数:virtues virtuous adj. 有美德的;virtuously adv. 有美德地 1. traditional virtues(传统美德)2. the virtue of honesty(诚实的美德) Kindness is a virtue that everyone should have.(善良是每个人都应具备的美德。) 35 Confucius n. 孔子 专有,无词形变化 Confucian adj. 儒家的;Confucianism n. 儒家思想 1. teachings of Confucius(孔子的教诲)2. follow Confucius' ideas(遵循孔子的思想) Confucius is respected as a great educator.(孔子被尊为伟大的教育家。) 36 philosopher n. 哲学家 复数:philosophers philosophy n. 哲学;philosophical adj. 哲学的 1. ancient philosophers(古代哲学家)2. western philosophers(西方哲学家) Plato is one of the most famous Greek philosophers.(柏拉图是最著名的希腊哲学家之一。) 37 Mencius n. 孟子 专有,无词形变化 Mencian adj. 孟子的;Mencianism n. 孟子学说 1. thoughts of Mencius(孟子的思想)2. Mencius' teachings(孟子的教诲) Mencius emphasized the importance of benevolence.(孟子强调仁的重要性。) 38 advocate vt. 提倡;主张 过去式/过去分词:advocated;复数:advocates advocate n. 倡导者;advocacy n. 倡导 1. advocate peace(倡导和平)2. advocate environmental protection(提倡环境保护) Many experts advocate reducing carbon emissions.(许多专家提倡减少碳排放。) 39 quote vt./n. 引用 过去式/过去分词:quoted;复数:quotes quotation n. 引文;quotable adj. 可引用的 1. quote a famous saying(引用名言)2. quote from a book(引用书中内容) The speaker quoted a sentence from Confucius.(演讲者引用了孔子的一句话。) 40 make sense 有意义 无词形变化 无 1. make sense(讲得通;有意义)2. make sense of(理解) His explanation didn't make sense to me.(我听不懂他的解释。) 41 vital adj. 至关重要的 比较级:more vital;最高级:most vital vitally adv. 至关重要地;vitality n. 活力 1. be vital to(对……至关重要)2. vital factor(关键因素) Water is vital to all living things.(水对所有生物都至关重要。) 42 embrace vt. 信奉;拥抱 n. 拥抱 过去式/过去分词:embraced;复数:embraces embracing adj. 拥抱的;embraceable adj. 可拥抱的 1. embrace a belief(信奉一种信仰)2. embrace sb. warmly(热情拥抱某人) She embraced the idea of lifelong learning.(她信奉终身学习的理念。) 43 Taoism n. 道家学说;道教 无复数 Taoist adj. 道教的;Taoist n. 道教徒 1. core of Taoism(道家学说的核心)2. Taoism culture(道教文化) Taoism advocates harmony between humans and nature.(道家倡导人与自然和谐相处。) 44 coastline n. 海岸线 复数:coastlines coast n. 海岸;coastal adj. 沿海的 1. long coastline(漫长的海岸线)2. coastal city coastline(沿海城市海岸线) China has a coastline of over 18,000 kilometers.(中国的海岸线超过1.8万公里。) 45 explorer n. 探险家 复数:explorers explore v. 探索;exploration n. 探索 1. Arctic explorer(北极探险家)2. space explorer(太空探险家) The explorer spent years traveling through the rainforest.(这位探险家花了数年时间穿越热带雨林。) 46 voyage n. 航行 复数:voyages;过去式/过去分词:voyaged voyage v. 航行;voyager n. 航行者 1. ocean voyage(海洋航行)2. long-distance voyage(长途航行) They went on a voyage across the Pacific Ocean.(他们进行了一次横渡太平洋的航行。) 47 anniversary n. 周年纪念日 复数:anniversaries anniversary adj. 周年的 1. wedding anniversary(结婚周年纪念日)2. national anniversary(国庆纪念日) We celebrated our 10th wedding anniversary last month.(上个月我们庆祝了结婚10周年纪念日。) 48 boiling adj. 汹涌的;沸腾的 无比较级/最高级 boil v. 沸腾;boiling n. 沸腾 1. boiling water(沸水)2. boiling sea(汹涌的大海) The boiling water is too hot to drink directly.(沸水太烫,不能直接喝。) 49 compass n. 指南针 复数:compasses 无 1. magnetic compass(磁罗盘)2. use a compass(使用指南针) The explorer used a compass to find his way in the desert.(探险家在沙漠中用指南针辨别方向。) 50 crew n. 全体船员 复数:crews(指多个机组/船员团队) crew v. 当船员;crewmember n. 船员 1. ship's crew(船员)2. flight crew(机组人员) The crew worked together to save the sinking ship.(全体船员齐心协力拯救这艘正在沉没的船。) 51 advanced adj. 高级的;先进的 比较级:more advanced;最高级:most advanced advance v. 前进;advancement n. 进步 1. advanced technology(先进技术)2. advanced course(高级课程) This company uses advanced equipment in production.(这家公司在生产中使用先进设备。) 52 storage n. 存储 无复数 store v. 存储;storable adj. 可存储的 1. data storage(数据存储)2. food storage(食物储存) The computer has a large storage capacity.(这台电脑的存储容量很大。) 53 neatly adv. 整洁地 无比较级/最高级 neat adj. 整洁的;neatness n. 整洁 1. arrange neatly(整理得整洁)2. write neatly(书写工整) She folded her clothes neatly and put them in the closet.(她把衣服叠得整整齐齐,放进了衣柜。) 54 blind n. 窗帘(尤指卷帘或百叶窗) adj. 盲的 复数:blinds;过去式/过去分词:blinded blind v. 使失明;blindly adv. 盲目地 1. draw the blinds(拉上窗帘)2. blind person(盲人) He drew the blinds to keep the sun out.(他拉上窗帘遮挡阳光。) 55 native n. 本地人 复数:natives;形容词无词形变化(adj. 本地的) native adj. 本地的;nativeness n. 本土性 1. native of Beijing(北京本地人)2. native language(母语) She is a native of this town and knows everyone here.(她是这个小镇的本地人,认识这里的每个人。) 56 tribal adj. 部落的;部族的 无比较级/最高级 tribe n. 部落;tribally adv. 部落地 1. tribal culture(部落文化)2. tribal customs(部落习俗) The tribal people still keep their traditional way of life.(这个部落的人仍然保持着传统的生活方式。) 57 attack n./vt./vi. 攻击 过去式/过去分词:attacked;复数:attacks attacking adj. 攻击的;attacker n. 攻击者 1. launch an attack(发动攻击)2. attack sb.(攻击某人) The army launched a surprise attack at dawn.(军队在黎明时分发动了突袭。) 58 outwards adv. 向外 无比较级/最高级 outward adj. 向外的;outwardly adv. 表面上 1. expand outwards(向外扩张)2. look outwards(向外看) The city has expanded outwards in recent years.(这座城市近年来向外扩张了。) 59 convince vt. 使确信 过去式/过去分词:convinced convincing adj. 有说服力的;conviction n. 确信 1. convince sb. of(使某人确信)2. convince sb. to do(说服某人做) He tried to convince his parents to let him study abroad.(他努力说服父母让他出国留学。) 60 fleet n. 舰队 复数:fleets 无 1. naval fleet(海军舰队)2. merchant fleet(商船队) The country sent a fleet to protect its coastal areas.(该国派遣了一支舰队保护沿海地区。) 61 watertight adj. 不漏水的 比较级:more watertight;最高级:most watertight water n. 水;tight adj. 紧密的 1. watertight container(防水容器)2. watertight ship(不漏水的船) The watertight box kept the documents dry in the rain.(这个防水盒子让文件在雨中保持干燥。) 62 colonise vt. 将……开拓为殖民地 过去式/过去分词:colonised colonisation n. 殖民化;colonist n. 殖民者 1. colonise a region(殖民一个地区)2. be colonised by(被……殖民) Many countries were colonised in history.(历史上许多国家曾被殖民。) 63 rebel n. 反叛者 vi. 反叛 复数:rebels;过去式/过去分词:rebelled rebellion n. 反叛;rebellious adj. 反叛的 1. rebel against(反叛……)2. armed rebel(武装反叛者) The people rebelled against the cruel ruler.(人们反抗这位残暴的统治者。) 64 make the peak of 创造了……巅峰 无词形变化 无 1. make the peak of success(创造成功的巅峰)2. make the peak of career(创造事业的巅峰) His new work made the peak of his artistic career.(他的新作创造了他艺术生涯的巅峰。) 65 sail past 航行经过 无词形变化 无 1. sail past the island(航行经过这座岛)2. sail past the coast(航行经过海岸) The ship sailed past the beautiful coastal scenery.(船航行经过了美丽的海岸风光。) 66 far and wide 到处;广泛地 无词形变化 无 1. search far and wide(到处寻找)2. be known far and wide(闻名遐迩) The news spread far and wide across the country.(这消息在全国范围内广泛传播。) 67 reach as far as possible 行得越远越好 无词形变化 无 1. reach as far as possible(尽可能走得远)2. explore as far as possible(尽可能探索得远) The explorers tried to reach as far as possible in the unknown land.(探险家们试图在这片未知的土地上尽可能走得远。) 68 spread the influence of 传播……的影响 无词形变化 无 1. spread the influence of culture(传播文化的影响)2. spread the influence of ideas(传播思想的影响) Books help spread the influence of great thinkers.(书籍有助于传播伟大思想家的影响。) 69 with the help of 在……的帮助下 无词形变化 无 1. with the help of teachers(在老师的帮助下)2. with the help of technology(在技术的帮助下) With the help of his friends, he finished the project on time.(在朋友们的帮助下,他按时完成了项目。) 70 for comparison’s sake 为了比较 无词形变化 无 1. for comparison’s sake(为了比较) For comparison’s sake, let's look at the two plans side by side.(为了比较,我们把两个方案放在一起看看。) 71 be convinced that 确信 无词形变化 无 1. be convinced that(确信……)2. be fully convinced that(完全确信……) I am convinced that he will keep his promise.(我确信他会信守承诺。) 72 set out to 打算;着手 无词形变化 无 1. set out to do(着手做)2. set out to achieve(打算实现) She set out to learn English well when she was a child.(她小时候就着手要学好英语。) 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $

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Unit 5 History and the world 词汇同步笔记 清单-2024-2025学年高中英语重大版选择性必修第四册
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Unit 5 History and the world 词汇同步笔记 清单-2024-2025学年高中英语重大版选择性必修第四册
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Unit 5 History and the world 词汇同步笔记 清单-2024-2025学年高中英语重大版选择性必修第四册
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