内容正文:
重大版 选必4 Unit 5 History and the world.词汇同步笔记
序号
单词
词形变化
派生词
核心考点
例句
1
web n. 网
复数:webs;过去式/过去分词:webbed
web v. 结网;webbed adj. 有蹼的
1. a web of lies(谎言网)2. World Wide Web(万维网)
Spiders spin a web to catch insects.(蜘蛛结网捕捉昆虫。)
2
drown vt. 淹没
过去式/过去分词:drowned;复数:drowns
drowning n. 溺水;drowned adj. 溺水的
1. drown in water(溺水)2. drown sorrows(借酒消愁)
The little girl nearly drowned in the river.(这个小女孩差点在河里溺水。)
3
anxious adj. 焦虑的;担忧的
比较级:more anxious;最高级:most anxious
anxiety n. 焦虑;anxiously adv. 焦虑地
1. be anxious about(担忧……)2. be anxious to do(渴望做)
She was anxious about her son's safety.(她担心儿子的安全。)
4
anxiety n. 焦虑
复数:anxieties
anxious adj. 焦虑的;anxiously adv. 焦虑地
1. suffer from anxiety(遭受焦虑)2. relieve anxiety(缓解焦虑)
Too much pressure can lead to anxiety.(压力过大会导致焦虑。)
5
twin n. 双胞胎中的一人
复数:twins;形容词无词形变化(adj. 双胞胎的)
twin adj. 双胞胎的;twinned adj. 成对的
1. twin brother(双胞胎兄弟)2. twin sisters(双胞胎姐妹)
She is the elder of the twin sisters.(她是这对双胞胎姐妹中的姐姐。)
6
bomb n. 炸弹
复数:bombs;过去式/过去分词:bombed
bomb v. 轰炸;bomber n. 轰炸机
1. plant a bomb(安放炸弹)2. atomic bomb(原子弹)
The soldiers defused the bomb successfully.(士兵们成功拆除了炸弹。)
7
atomic bomb 原子弹
无词形变化
atomic adj. 原子的;bomb n. 炸弹
1. drop an atomic bomb(投原子弹)2. atomic bomb attack(原子弹袭击)
The atomic bomb changed the course of the war.(原子弹改变了战争的进程。)
8
horrified adj. 惊骇的
无比较级/最高级
horrify v. 使惊骇;horror n. 恐怖
1. be horrified at(对……感到惊骇)2. horrified expression(惊骇的表情)
She was horrified at the sight of the accident.(她看到事故现场感到惊骇。)
9
terrified adj. 感到恐惧的
无比较级/最高级
terrify v. 使恐惧;terror n. 恐怖
1. be terrified of(害怕……)2. terrified look(恐惧的神情)
The child was terrified of thunderstorms.(这个孩子害怕雷暴。)
10
tax n. 税;税款
复数:taxes;过去式/过去分词:taxed
tax v. 征税;taxable adj. 应纳税的
1. pay taxes(纳税)2. income tax(所得税)
Citizens have the obligation to pay taxes.(公民有纳税的义务。)
11
fairy tale 童话故事
无词形变化
fairy n. 仙女;tale n. 故事
1. read a fairy tale(读童话故事)2. classic fairy tale(经典童话故事)
Children love listening to fairy tales before bed.(孩子们睡前喜欢听童话故事。)
12
tangled adj. 缠结的;复杂的
无比较级/最高级
tangle v. 缠结;tangle n. 缠结
1. tangled hair(缠结的头发)2. tangled problem(复杂的问题)
She spent hours combing her tangled hair.(她花了几个小时梳理缠结的头发。)
13
pearl n. 珍珠
复数:pearls
pearlescent adj. 珍珠般的
1. natural pearl(天然珍珠)2. a string of pearls(一串珍珠)
The necklace is made of valuable pearls.(这条项链由珍贵的珍珠制成。)
14
reluctantly adv. 不情愿地
无比较级/最高级
reluctant adj. 不情愿的;reluctance n. 不情愿
1. agree reluctantly(不情愿地同意)2. leave reluctantly(不情愿地离开)
He reluctantly agreed to help his friend.(他不情愿地同意帮助朋友。)
15
surrender vi. 投降
过去式/过去分词:surrendered;复数:surrenders
surrender n. 投降;surrenderer n. 投降者
1. surrender to(向……投降)2. unconditional surrender(无条件投降)
The enemy had to surrender after running out of supplies.(敌人弹尽粮绝后不得不投降。)
16
tyranny n. 暴政;专横
复数:tyrannies
tyrant n. 暴君;tyrannical adj. 暴君的
1. fight against tyranny(反抗暴政)2. the tyranny of a ruler(统治者的专横)
People rose up to resist the tyranny of the king.(人们奋起反抗国王的暴政。)
17
untangle vt. 整理;解开
过去式/过去分词:untangled
tangle v. 缠结;untangled adj. 解开的
1. untangle a rope(解开绳子)2. untangle a problem(理清问题)
She tried to untangle the knotted thread.(她试图解开打结的线。)
18
be appealing to 对……有吸引力
无词形变化
无
1. be appealing to young people(对年轻人有吸引力)2. be appealing to readers(对读者有吸引力)
The new novel is appealing to people of all ages.(这部新小说对各个年龄段的人都有吸引力。)
19
draw… away from 吸引……远离
无词形变化
无
1. draw attention away from(吸引注意力远离)2. draw sb. away from work(吸引某人远离工作)
The noise drew her attention away from the book.(噪音让她的注意力从书上移开。)
20
be anxious to 渴望;急于想
无词形变化
无
1. be anxious to succeed(渴望成功)2. be anxious to return(急于返回)
He is anxious to know the test results.(他急于知道考试结果。)
21
in whisper 低声地
无词形变化
whisper v. 低声说;whisper n. 低语
1. speak in whisper(低声说话)2. talk in whisper(低声交谈)
They talked in whisper to avoid waking the baby.(他们低声交谈,以免吵醒婴儿。)
22
in shock and disbelief 吃惊和怀疑地
无词形变化
无
1. stare in shock and disbelief(吃惊怀疑地盯着)2. react in shock and disbelief(吃惊怀疑地反应)
She looked at him in shock and disbelief.(她吃惊又怀疑地看着他。)
23
slap sb. in the face 打某人一巴掌
无词形变化
无
1. slap sb. in the face(打某人耳光)
He slapped her in the face in anger.(他愤怒地打了她一巴掌。)
24
a large portion of 大部分
无词形变化
无
1. a large portion of time(大部分时间)2. a large portion of money(大部分钱)
A large portion of the budget is spent on education.(预算的大部分用于教育。)
25
in agreement with 同意;与……一致
无词形变化
无
1. in agreement with sb.(同意某人)2. in agreement with the plan(同意这个计划)
I am in agreement with her opinion on this matter.(在这件事上我同意她的观点。)
26
lie to sb. 对……撒谎
无词形变化
lie v. 撒谎;lie n. 谎言
1. lie to parents(对父母撒谎)2. never lie to others(从不向别人撒谎)
He lied to his teacher about being late.(他关于迟到的事对老师撒了谎。)
27
stare at 凝视;盯住
无词形变化
无
1. stare at sb.(凝视某人)2. stare at sth.(盯住某物)
The little boy stared at the stranger curiously.(小男孩好奇地盯着那个陌生人。)
28
turn sth. in 上交
无词形变化
无
1. turn in homework(上交作业)2. turn in a report(上交报告)
Students must turn in their papers before Friday.(学生必须在周五前上交论文。)
29
from that perspective 从这个角度看
无词形变化
无
1. from that perspective(从这个角度看)2. view from that perspective(从这个角度看待)
From that perspective, his decision is understandable.(从这个角度看,他的决定是可以理解的。)
30
interpretation n. 解释
复数:interpretations
interpret v. 解释;interpretive adj. 解释的
1. different interpretations(不同的解释)2. interpretation of a poem(诗歌的解释)
There are various interpretations of this ancient text.(这部古籍有多种解释。)
31
duration n. 持续时间;期间
无复数
duration adj. 持续的;during prep. 在……期间
1. the duration of the meeting(会议的持续时间)2. for the duration of(在……期间)
The duration of the exam is two hours.(考试时长为两小时。)
32
Confucianism n. 儒家思想
无复数
Confucian adj. 儒家的;Confucius n. 孔子
1. core of Confucianism(儒家思想的核心)2. spread Confucianism(传播儒家思想)
Confucianism has shaped Chinese culture deeply.(儒家思想深刻塑造了中国文化。)
33
integrity n. 正直;诚实
无复数
integral adj. 完整的;integrity n. 正直
1. moral integrity(道德正直)2. personal integrity(个人诚信)
His integrity赢得 him the trust of everyone.(他的正直赢得了所有人的信任。)
34
virtue n. 美德
复数:virtues
virtuous adj. 有美德的;virtuously adv. 有美德地
1. traditional virtues(传统美德)2. the virtue of honesty(诚实的美德)
Kindness is a virtue that everyone should have.(善良是每个人都应具备的美德。)
35
Confucius n. 孔子
专有,无词形变化
Confucian adj. 儒家的;Confucianism n. 儒家思想
1. teachings of Confucius(孔子的教诲)2. follow Confucius' ideas(遵循孔子的思想)
Confucius is respected as a great educator.(孔子被尊为伟大的教育家。)
36
philosopher n. 哲学家
复数:philosophers
philosophy n. 哲学;philosophical adj. 哲学的
1. ancient philosophers(古代哲学家)2. western philosophers(西方哲学家)
Plato is one of the most famous Greek philosophers.(柏拉图是最著名的希腊哲学家之一。)
37
Mencius n. 孟子
专有,无词形变化
Mencian adj. 孟子的;Mencianism n. 孟子学说
1. thoughts of Mencius(孟子的思想)2. Mencius' teachings(孟子的教诲)
Mencius emphasized the importance of benevolence.(孟子强调仁的重要性。)
38
advocate vt. 提倡;主张
过去式/过去分词:advocated;复数:advocates
advocate n. 倡导者;advocacy n. 倡导
1. advocate peace(倡导和平)2. advocate environmental protection(提倡环境保护)
Many experts advocate reducing carbon emissions.(许多专家提倡减少碳排放。)
39
quote vt./n. 引用
过去式/过去分词:quoted;复数:quotes
quotation n. 引文;quotable adj. 可引用的
1. quote a famous saying(引用名言)2. quote from a book(引用书中内容)
The speaker quoted a sentence from Confucius.(演讲者引用了孔子的一句话。)
40
make sense 有意义
无词形变化
无
1. make sense(讲得通;有意义)2. make sense of(理解)
His explanation didn't make sense to me.(我听不懂他的解释。)
41
vital adj. 至关重要的
比较级:more vital;最高级:most vital
vitally adv. 至关重要地;vitality n. 活力
1. be vital to(对……至关重要)2. vital factor(关键因素)
Water is vital to all living things.(水对所有生物都至关重要。)
42
embrace vt. 信奉;拥抱 n. 拥抱
过去式/过去分词:embraced;复数:embraces
embracing adj. 拥抱的;embraceable adj. 可拥抱的
1. embrace a belief(信奉一种信仰)2. embrace sb. warmly(热情拥抱某人)
She embraced the idea of lifelong learning.(她信奉终身学习的理念。)
43
Taoism n. 道家学说;道教
无复数
Taoist adj. 道教的;Taoist n. 道教徒
1. core of Taoism(道家学说的核心)2. Taoism culture(道教文化)
Taoism advocates harmony between humans and nature.(道家倡导人与自然和谐相处。)
44
coastline n. 海岸线
复数:coastlines
coast n. 海岸;coastal adj. 沿海的
1. long coastline(漫长的海岸线)2. coastal city coastline(沿海城市海岸线)
China has a coastline of over 18,000 kilometers.(中国的海岸线超过1.8万公里。)
45
explorer n. 探险家
复数:explorers
explore v. 探索;exploration n. 探索
1. Arctic explorer(北极探险家)2. space explorer(太空探险家)
The explorer spent years traveling through the rainforest.(这位探险家花了数年时间穿越热带雨林。)
46
voyage n. 航行
复数:voyages;过去式/过去分词:voyaged
voyage v. 航行;voyager n. 航行者
1. ocean voyage(海洋航行)2. long-distance voyage(长途航行)
They went on a voyage across the Pacific Ocean.(他们进行了一次横渡太平洋的航行。)
47
anniversary n. 周年纪念日
复数:anniversaries
anniversary adj. 周年的
1. wedding anniversary(结婚周年纪念日)2. national anniversary(国庆纪念日)
We celebrated our 10th wedding anniversary last month.(上个月我们庆祝了结婚10周年纪念日。)
48
boiling adj. 汹涌的;沸腾的
无比较级/最高级
boil v. 沸腾;boiling n. 沸腾
1. boiling water(沸水)2. boiling sea(汹涌的大海)
The boiling water is too hot to drink directly.(沸水太烫,不能直接喝。)
49
compass n. 指南针
复数:compasses
无
1. magnetic compass(磁罗盘)2. use a compass(使用指南针)
The explorer used a compass to find his way in the desert.(探险家在沙漠中用指南针辨别方向。)
50
crew n. 全体船员
复数:crews(指多个机组/船员团队)
crew v. 当船员;crewmember n. 船员
1. ship's crew(船员)2. flight crew(机组人员)
The crew worked together to save the sinking ship.(全体船员齐心协力拯救这艘正在沉没的船。)
51
advanced adj. 高级的;先进的
比较级:more advanced;最高级:most advanced
advance v. 前进;advancement n. 进步
1. advanced technology(先进技术)2. advanced course(高级课程)
This company uses advanced equipment in production.(这家公司在生产中使用先进设备。)
52
storage n. 存储
无复数
store v. 存储;storable adj. 可存储的
1. data storage(数据存储)2. food storage(食物储存)
The computer has a large storage capacity.(这台电脑的存储容量很大。)
53
neatly adv. 整洁地
无比较级/最高级
neat adj. 整洁的;neatness n. 整洁
1. arrange neatly(整理得整洁)2. write neatly(书写工整)
She folded her clothes neatly and put them in the closet.(她把衣服叠得整整齐齐,放进了衣柜。)
54
blind n. 窗帘(尤指卷帘或百叶窗) adj. 盲的
复数:blinds;过去式/过去分词:blinded
blind v. 使失明;blindly adv. 盲目地
1. draw the blinds(拉上窗帘)2. blind person(盲人)
He drew the blinds to keep the sun out.(他拉上窗帘遮挡阳光。)
55
native n. 本地人
复数:natives;形容词无词形变化(adj. 本地的)
native adj. 本地的;nativeness n. 本土性
1. native of Beijing(北京本地人)2. native language(母语)
She is a native of this town and knows everyone here.(她是这个小镇的本地人,认识这里的每个人。)
56
tribal adj. 部落的;部族的
无比较级/最高级
tribe n. 部落;tribally adv. 部落地
1. tribal culture(部落文化)2. tribal customs(部落习俗)
The tribal people still keep their traditional way of life.(这个部落的人仍然保持着传统的生活方式。)
57
attack n./vt./vi. 攻击
过去式/过去分词:attacked;复数:attacks
attacking adj. 攻击的;attacker n. 攻击者
1. launch an attack(发动攻击)2. attack sb.(攻击某人)
The army launched a surprise attack at dawn.(军队在黎明时分发动了突袭。)
58
outwards adv. 向外
无比较级/最高级
outward adj. 向外的;outwardly adv. 表面上
1. expand outwards(向外扩张)2. look outwards(向外看)
The city has expanded outwards in recent years.(这座城市近年来向外扩张了。)
59
convince vt. 使确信
过去式/过去分词:convinced
convincing adj. 有说服力的;conviction n. 确信
1. convince sb. of(使某人确信)2. convince sb. to do(说服某人做)
He tried to convince his parents to let him study abroad.(他努力说服父母让他出国留学。)
60
fleet n. 舰队
复数:fleets
无
1. naval fleet(海军舰队)2. merchant fleet(商船队)
The country sent a fleet to protect its coastal areas.(该国派遣了一支舰队保护沿海地区。)
61
watertight adj. 不漏水的
比较级:more watertight;最高级:most watertight
water n. 水;tight adj. 紧密的
1. watertight container(防水容器)2. watertight ship(不漏水的船)
The watertight box kept the documents dry in the rain.(这个防水盒子让文件在雨中保持干燥。)
62
colonise vt. 将……开拓为殖民地
过去式/过去分词:colonised
colonisation n. 殖民化;colonist n. 殖民者
1. colonise a region(殖民一个地区)2. be colonised by(被……殖民)
Many countries were colonised in history.(历史上许多国家曾被殖民。)
63
rebel n. 反叛者 vi. 反叛
复数:rebels;过去式/过去分词:rebelled
rebellion n. 反叛;rebellious adj. 反叛的
1. rebel against(反叛……)2. armed rebel(武装反叛者)
The people rebelled against the cruel ruler.(人们反抗这位残暴的统治者。)
64
make the peak of 创造了……巅峰
无词形变化
无
1. make the peak of success(创造成功的巅峰)2. make the peak of career(创造事业的巅峰)
His new work made the peak of his artistic career.(他的新作创造了他艺术生涯的巅峰。)
65
sail past 航行经过
无词形变化
无
1. sail past the island(航行经过这座岛)2. sail past the coast(航行经过海岸)
The ship sailed past the beautiful coastal scenery.(船航行经过了美丽的海岸风光。)
66
far and wide 到处;广泛地
无词形变化
无
1. search far and wide(到处寻找)2. be known far and wide(闻名遐迩)
The news spread far and wide across the country.(这消息在全国范围内广泛传播。)
67
reach as far as possible 行得越远越好
无词形变化
无
1. reach as far as possible(尽可能走得远)2. explore as far as possible(尽可能探索得远)
The explorers tried to reach as far as possible in the unknown land.(探险家们试图在这片未知的土地上尽可能走得远。)
68
spread the influence of 传播……的影响
无词形变化
无
1. spread the influence of culture(传播文化的影响)2. spread the influence of ideas(传播思想的影响)
Books help spread the influence of great thinkers.(书籍有助于传播伟大思想家的影响。)
69
with the help of 在……的帮助下
无词形变化
无
1. with the help of teachers(在老师的帮助下)2. with the help of technology(在技术的帮助下)
With the help of his friends, he finished the project on time.(在朋友们的帮助下,他按时完成了项目。)
70
for comparison’s sake 为了比较
无词形变化
无
1. for comparison’s sake(为了比较)
For comparison’s sake, let's look at the two plans side by side.(为了比较,我们把两个方案放在一起看看。)
71
be convinced that 确信
无词形变化
无
1. be convinced that(确信……)2. be fully convinced that(完全确信……)
I am convinced that he will keep his promise.(我确信他会信守承诺。)
72
set out to 打算;着手
无词形变化
无
1. set out to do(着手做)2. set out to achieve(打算实现)
She set out to learn English well when she was a child.(她小时候就着手要学好英语。)
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