Unit 6 When disaster strikes. 第一课时 Reading 同步练作业- 2025-2026学年外研版英语八年级上册

Unit 6 When disaster strikes. 第一课时 Reading 知识基础练掌握知识夯实基础。. Ⅰ.根据句意及汉语提示完成单词 1. The ball is on the (地面). 2. There was a big (洪水) in the village last year. 3. My father is an (专家) in computer science. 4. A (一大批) of leaves fell towards the ground. 5. The soup is very (浓的). Ⅱ.用括号内所给词的适当形式填空 1. The dog (shake) its body to get the water off just now. 2. I feel (lose) in this big city. 3. He (shut) the door quietly just now. 4. We visited a (history) building last weekend. 5. When the teacher came in, Tom (sleep). 6. There is only one child in most (family) in this country. 7. He told us some (shock) things. Ⅲ.从方框中选择合适的词完成句子 scared smoke reaction coach timeline 1. This is the old road. 2. The little girl was of the dark. 3. Don't . It's bad for your health. 4. We can make a to show the history. 5. What's your to this news? IV.单项填空 1. He never refuses his classmates. A. help B. helping C. to help D. helped 2. Lily has decided in Beijing for a week. A. stays B. stayed C. staying D. to stay 3. The cat was running happily in the garden, and it stopped and looked up at the sky. There was a bird in the sky. A. usually B. suddenly C. often D. always 4. We were lost in the forest. But , a kind man found us and helped us. A. badly B. thankfully C. carefully D. quickly 5. Yesterday afternoon, I was watching TV my mom called me for dinner. A. when B. although C. if D. because 6.—— How did it happen? —— We on the lake when suddenly she the water. A. were boating; fell into B. are boating; falls into C. boated; fell into D. were boating; were falling into V.根据汉语意思完成句子 1.水会变成冰。 Water can ice. 2.一直往前走，你就能到学校。 , and you will get to the school. 3.小蛇在草丛里从一边移动到另一边。 The little snake moved in the grass. 4.水被树叶覆盖着。 The water is leaves. 5.过了一会儿，太阳出来了。 , the sun came out. 6.请往后退，不然会摔倒。 Please , or you will fall down. 7.我的奶奶通常在早上6点醒来。 My grandma usually at six in the morning. 素养提升练/。综合运用提升素养。. Ⅰ.综合填空(课文改编) 根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使短文意思完整。每空限填一词。 Pliny the Younger and his mother were staying in a town near Pompeii. One night, he was sleeping when the g 1 shook very hard. His mother rushed into his room to wake him up. They had to stay outside for the night. His mother was so s 2 . By six o’ clock the next morning, many buildings were still shaking. They decided to leave the town. The road was crowded. They were at a place out of town. Just then, s 3 things happened. Their coach couldn't go s 4 ahead. It began to move from s 5 to side. The sea moved back suddenly, and many sea animals were left on the 6 They noticed a very dark cloud over Mount Vesuvius. His mother asked him to continue w 7 her, but he refused to leave her behind. They moved on while the cloud was spreading over the land like a f 8 . It turned day into night. The air was thick with smoke and ash began to fall in a heavy 9 Thankfully, after a while, the daylight returned! Everything was covered in ash, like the snow in winter. After a night of living between hope and fear, they had no t 10 of things to come. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Ⅱ.完形填空 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 Caught in a flood Mary and her parents were downstairs in the living room. Mary was looking through the windows at the endless rain outside. It had been raining non-stop for three days. She had never seen a storm this bad. It was making her 1 .The wind roared and the rain 2 on the roof and windows. Dad was listening to a weather report on the radio 3 Mum was putting their important documents and disaster supplies into a bag. “Mum, Dad,” said Mary suddenly, “I think we should leave here right away!” “No,” said Dad. “It's too late! The radio 4 the city has already been flooded.” “We can drive our car 5 the flood-water! Let's just leave! I'm really scared!” cried Mary. “We can't do that, honey,” said Mum, “ 6 the moving water could wash the car away!” Mary walked to the door. She was curious to see how much water there was outside. “Don't open the door!” 7 Mum and Dad at the same time. “The water may flood in!” Dad moved the dinner table against the door, in case the floodwater forced the door open. Mum waved to Mary to sit on the sofa. “Mary, don't worry. Everything's going to be OK,” she said 8 , trying her best to comfort Mary. Her voice was calm, but Mary could 9 she was worried too. Without saying a single word, Dad walked to the sofa, sat down and hugged his wife and daughter. The sudden silence in the house seemed to make the 10 and rain more frightening(令人害怕的) outside. What could they do? 1. A. happy B. excited C. nervous D. calm 2. A. blew B. beat C. waved D. shook 3. A. until B. so C. but D. while 4. A. says B. talks C. speaks D. tells 5. A. onto B. into C. through D. across 6. A. however B. still C. instead D. because 7. A. shouted B. described C. moved D. reported 8. A. happily B. softly C. sadly D. angrily 9. A. hear B. think C. say D. tell 10. A. window B. disaster C. wind D. water Ⅲ.阅读理解 阅读下面的材料，从每小题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。 What did you do this summer vacation? In August, I went to Inner Mongolia with my parents. It was a special trip because we visited a volcano park. There were all extinct volcanoes(死火山). So we didn't need to worry that we may meet danger on the trip. The weather was very sunny and hot, but we started our trip happily. The first volcano we went to was not high. But there was sand everywhere. There were stairs(阶梯) for people to get to the top. When we got to the top, I could feel wind blowing sand around. Then I went to the crater(火山口) of the volcano. It was quiet. I was surprised when I saw the second volcano. I went into it and found many black and red volcanic rocks(岩石). Then I came across another one. With no stairs, I climbed up by myself. I felt tired but I didn't stop and went to the top at last. It made me so excited. I saw many visitors there and they shouted to the air from the top. Volcanoes are beautiful and mysterious(神秘的). I was not interested in geography before because it was difficult for me but now I think differently. 1. How was the weather when the writer started the trip? 2. How many volcanoes did the writer visit according to the passage? A.1. B.2. C.3. D.4. 3. What does the writer think of geography after this trip? A. Boring. B. Difficult. C. Interesting. D. Easy. 4. What can we know from the passage? A. The writer went to Inner Mongolia with his friends. B. The writer made sure(确保) the safety before the trip. C. The writer wanted to be a geography teacher after he went back. D. The writer didn't like the trip. 5. What's the best title for the passage? A. A Trip to Remember B. A Useful but Scary Trip C. Beautiful Volcano Rocks D. My School Trip 第二课时 Grammar 知识 基础练，掌握知识夯实基础。. 根据句意及首字母或汉语提示完成单词 1. I want to take an (航空公司) flight to Beijing. 2. We go to school on w 3. The (铁路) goes through the mountains. 4. There was a (暴风雨) last night. 5. The s in this restaurant is very good. 6. I love my (祖国). 7. That was a (剧烈的) earthquake. 语法专项，语法专题学以致用 过去进行时 【解题指导】 1.谓语构成: was/ were+动词的现在分词 注意：主语是第一人称单数或第三人称单数时用 was,其余的都用 were。 2.基本句型： 句型 结构 肯定句 主语+ was/ were+动词的现在分词+其他. 否定句 主语+ was/ were + not+动词的现在分词+其他. 一般疑问句及其回答 Was/ Were+主语+动词的现在分词+其他?肯定回答: Yes,主语+ was/ were.否定回答: No,主语+ wasn't/ weren't. 特殊疑问句 疑问词(非主语)+一般疑问句? 疑问词(主语)+ was/ were+动词的现在分词+其他? 3.常用的时间状语: at that time(在那时), atthis time yesterday(在昨天的这个时候), at6 am yesterday(在昨天早上6点), from 6am to 9 pm last Sunday(上周日从早上 6点到晚上9点)等。 4.过去进行时与一般过去时的区别： 时态 用法 过去进行时 表示过去某一时刻或某时段正在进行或发生的动作 一般过去时 表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态，所表示的动作往往已经完成 拓展 过去进行时除了表示“过去某时刻或某时段正在发生的动作”之外，还常常用于讲故事的语境中。 5. when与 while的区别 在 when 引导的时间状语从句中，谓语动词可以是非延续性动词，也可以是延续性动词；而在 while引导的时间状语从句中，谓语动词必须是延续性动词。 6. when引导的时间状语从句与主句的时态 主句 when从句 一般过去时 过去进行时 过去进行时 一般过去时 7. while引导的时间状语从句与主句的时态 主句 while从句 一般过去时 过去进行时 过去进行时 过去进行时 Ⅰ.用括号内所给词的适当形式填空 1. I (read)a book when my friend came to my house. 2. They (play) football on the playground at 4 o’ clock yesterday. 3. He (watch)TV when his mother called him. 4. The boys (run) on the playground when the teacher saw them. 5. She (draw)a picture in the park at that time. Ⅱ.根据汉语意思完成句子 1.那时我们正在考虑参观奇境。 We were visiting the wonderland at that time. 2.我到达时，他们正在家吃晚餐。 They were when I arrived at their house. 3.当我昨天在照顾妈妈时，爸爸正在工作。 While I was my mother yesterday, my father was working. 4.当妈妈回来时，我正在等她。 I for my mother when she came back. 5.昨天这个时候他们正在打电话。 They at this time yesterday. 6.老师进来时，我正在听音乐。 I to music when the teacher came in. Ⅲ.单项填空 1. His mother dinner when he got home yesterday. A. will cook B. was cooking C. is cooking D. cooks 2. While Sally her homework, her mother came back from work. A. is doing B. does C. was doing D. has done 3.I a piano lesson at seven o’ clock last night. A. teach B. taught C. is teaching D. was teaching 4. Our school team for the football game from 7 a. m. to 10 a. m. last Sunday. A. will train B. trains C. is training D. was training 5. While we a video, some visitors to our class. A. watched; were coming B. watched; came C. were watching; came D. were watching; were coming 素养提升练。综合运用提升素养。 任务型阅读 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容完成句子。 Do you go to school by bus? It is very important for you to know how to be safe when taking a bus, no matter whether you like it or not. First, don't run to the bus stop, but walk. While you are at the bus stop, you should wait in a safe place. Do not run or play while waiting. Second, don't talk in a loud voice when you are on the bus, so the driver will not be disturbed(打扰). When there is a fire, the most important thing is to break the window with a hammer or some sharp things and then jump out. Third, when you are getting off the bus, make sure you walk(not run) three more steps away from the door. This is the best place to be around a bus. Last, if you leave something on the bus, never return to the bus to get it. The driver may not see you come back and he may begin moving the bus. 1. It's very to know how to be safe when taking a bus. 2. You should the bus stop instead of running. 3. When there is a fire, the most important thing is to use a hammer or some sharp things to and then jump out. 4. Make sure you walk three more steps away from the door when you are the bus. 5. Never if you leave something on the bus. 第三课时 Listening and speaking 知识基础练 掌握知识夯实基础。. Ⅰ.从方框中选择合适的词完成句子 programmes tsunami warning danger text 1. When we go out for a walk, there is a sign on the road. It tells us to be careful. 2. Yesterday, I received a from my friend. He asked me to play football with him. 3. On weekends, I like to watch the on TV. They are very interesting. 4. In the forest, we should stay away from .Or we may get hurt. 5. Near the sea, a can cause great damage. So we need to know about it. Ⅱ.单项填空 1. Tom is boy. He is from America. A. a eight-years-old B. an eight-year-old C. an eights-year-old D. a eight-year-old 2.——I heard someone crying just now. — Me too. A. What happened? B. He's happy. C. It sounds nice. D. What about you? 3. Lin Tao is hard-working. I see him English every morning. Yesterday afternoon, when I passed the playground I saw him football. A. read; playing B. reads; played C. to read; play D. be reading; play 4. The old lady has three daughters. One is a nurse and are teachers. A. another B. the other C. others D. the others 素养提升练综合运用提升素养。. Ⅰ.补全对话 根据对话内容，从方框内选择恰当的句子将对话补充完整(选项中有两项是多余的)。 A. Were you scared? B. How did you get home? C. No, I was not eating anymore. D. My home is far from the restaurant. E. What was the weather like yesterday? F. Where were you when the storm came? G. And some were riding their bikes home. A: Hi, Peter! What were you doing when the storm came? B:I was having dinner in a restaurant. A: 1 B: Of course I was. Some of my friends were walking home then. 2 A: Oh, that sounds a bit dangerous. Did they get home safely? B:I don't know. I was worried about them. A: 3 B: Actually, I didn't go home. I stayed in the restaurant last night. A: Why? B: 4 A: Were you still eating when the storm stopped? B: 5 At that time, I was sleeping on the dinner table. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Ⅱ.完形填空 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 It was about two o’ clock in the early morning. I was sleeping when the earthquake 1 . Suddenly I felt a slight shake. Then I heard a loud 2 like thunder. Soon the real noise came, like bombs(炸弹) under the ground. The earth started to 3 . People were 4 .Some ran out of the building. I tried to run out, too, but I could not. Outside, people were running while pieces of glass were falling down.Then the 5 began to come down, too! Finally, the noise and shaking ended. It was 6 around me. I could not see anything at all, and I did not 7 if anyone else was near me. I felt nervous and my heart was beating fast. “I'm here,” I said. I was afraid, but I tried to be 8 . I shouted for help, 9 no one came. Then I pulled myself slowly through the dark. Luckily, there was enough space for me to move. Hours later, as I was trying to go out, I 10 heard some noise above me. I shouted, “Please help! I'm here!” Then other people shouted, too. At last, the firemen saved us. 1. A. ended B. landed C. covered D. started 2. A. report B. noise C. show D. music 3. A. cheer B. beat C. shake D. develop 4. A. afraid B. glad C. famous D. excited 5. A. islands B. radios C. walls D. umbrellas 6. A. beautiful B. boring C. enough D. quiet 7. A. keep B. warn C. know D. write 8. A. calm B. huge C. harmful D. shy 9. A. and B. so C. but D. or 10. A. deeply B. suddenly C. usually D. loudly Ⅲ.综合填空 根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使短文意思完整。每空限填一词。 Sanico is a young artist. She is f 1 for using coffee in her works. But r 2 , she has found another material to paint with—— volcanic ash(火山灰). Sanico lives in a town near the Taal volcano in the w 3 part of the Philippines. On January 12,2020, the volcano erupted(爆发),t4 of people were forced to leave their homes. “I saw ash clouds in the sky for many days. There was no sunlight, even in the daytime. My backyard was c 5 in ash.” Sanico cleaned up her yard. Suddenly, she found that the ash and the coffee she used looked very much alike. She began to m 6 the ash with water to create a sticky substance(物质) to work as water colour paint. “I was s 7 that the ash worked as well as the coffee did.” She then used the mixture to paint images of the damage(破坏)that the volcano caused. Some of her paintings were of the volcano. O8 were of people and animals’ life after the disaster. Sanico d9 herself as a “natural water-colour painter”. This means she uses things from n 10 to create the colours that she paints with. “I saw people's pain and felt some-thing should be done.” She has been selling her volcanic ash paintings and donating the money to help those who have lost their homes. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 第四课时 Reading for writing 知识 基础练，掌握知识夯实基础。. 1.根据句意及首字母或汉语提示完成单词 1. We need (极坚强的) courage when facing difficulties. 2. My sister wants to be a f designer. She always follows the latest styles. 3. The girl in the picture is so (苗条的). She looks like a model. 4. I like to wear (牛仔裤) when I go out to play. 5. It's a great h to be invited to the party. 6. Playing dangerous games can bring (伤痛) and pain. 7. She is the (女主角) of this movie. Ⅱ.用括号内所给词的适当形式填空 1. My father decided (take)a trip this weekend. 2. The accident (break) his dream of becoming a pilot last week. 3. His nose (bleed) after he fell down. 4. The new shoes were too small. It made my feet feel (comfortable). 5. The teacher's (encourage) words made me confident. 6. A storm can (bring) strong winds and heavy rain. Ⅲ.单项填空 1. The book on the shelf is . She wrote her name on cover . A. her; it; by herself B. hers; it; herself C. hers; her; by herself D. hers; its; herself 2. Tom's mother works in university and she is good at playing table tennis. A. a;/ B. an;/ C. the; the D. a; the 3. Suddenly the door opens, Danny rushes into the library a basketball his hand. A. and; on B. and; in C. with; on D. with; in 4. I used to up at half past six, but nowI am getting used to up at seven. A. getting; get B. get; getting C. got; getting D. get; get 5.—I'm new here. —— Don't worry. I' ll try my best you. A. to help B. help C. helped D. helping 6.— Why did you stop ? — Because we felt too tired. A. working B. to work C. work D. worked IV.根据汉语意思完成句子 1.那个穿着漂亮裙子的女孩吸引了所有人的注意力。 The girl in a beautiful dress 2.在父母的支持下，他完成了任务。 of his parents, he finished the task. 3.令她惊讶的是，她在比赛中得了第一名。 , she got first place in the competition. 4.这是一次难忘的十年之旅。 This is an unforgettable . 5.那位老师总是耐心倾听学生们的问题。 The teacher always the students' problems patiently. 6.最重要的是，我们应该保持健康。 , we should keep healthy. 7.现在牛钰在社交媒体上分享她的故事。 Now Niu Yu shares her story on 8.这是一个向人们展示勇敢力量的好机会。 It is a good chance people the power of being brave. 9.我从图书馆里走出来时看到了彩虹。 I saw a rainbow when I the library. 素养提升练/综合运用提升素养。. I.阅读理解 阅读下面的材料，从每小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 Jeanne Johnson lives near the ocean(海洋)in the USA. She is worried about the danger of tsunamis, so she bought a tsunami escape pod(逃生舱). The po d is a bright orange ball. It is not very big, just 1.37 metres across. Two people can fit inside. It has a watertight(不漏水的) door and some windows. The po d can even provide air for the people inside and show where they are. Julian Sharpe made the pod. He got the idea after a tsunami in 2004 in the Indian Ocean. It killed more than 226,000 people. He was on vacation near the ocean with his family that year. His kids were very young. Sharpe wondered how he could keep them safe if a tsunami happened. Then in 2011, a tsunami killed about 16,000 people in Japan. This was when Sharpe really started designing and making an escape po d strong enough to protect people from a tsunami. Johnson spent $13,500 on the pod. She has put some water, food, warm clothes and a radio in it. And she is practising getting into it quickly. “The po d is really not comfortable,” said Johnson. “But it's better than nothing. I don't think too much about tsunamis now. I can sleep well at night.” 1. The tsunami escape po d . A. is a bright orange B. is less than 1.3metres across C. has no doors or windows D. cost Johnson more than $13,000 2. After buying the pod, Johnson . A. thought much about tsunamis B. put food, clothes and a radio in it C. didn't practise getting into it D. worried a lot and couldn't sleep well 3. In 2004, Julian Sharpe . A. made a tsunami escape pod B. was on vacation near the ocean C. sold the pod to Johnson D. had no children 4. A tsunami in killed over 226,000people. A.2004 B.2005 C.2011 D.2017 5. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A. Johnson lives in the UK. B. Only one person can fit inside the pod. C. Jeanne Johnson likes the po d because it is comfortable. D. Sharpe hopes his po d can protect people from a tsunami. Ⅱ.任务型阅读 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容完成句子。 What should you do if a big fire happens at home? There is no much time to think. People need to act quickly. The following rules will be helpful: Shout out If you smell smoke or see fire, shout out“fire”. Shout loudly to wake people up. Call 119 Never try to put out a fire by yourself, even if it is a very small one! Call 119. Keep down close to the floor If there is a lot of smoke in your room, keep down close to the floor. There is less smoke down there. It is easier to breathe and see where you are going. Take a wet towel(毛巾) to protect yourself from the fire and smoke. Check the door Check the door before you open it. Touch it with the back of your hand. If the door is cool, open it carefully. If the door is hot, do not open it. Get out If you can, get out of your home as quickly as you can. Don't stop to pick up anything. Afire can become very big in a few seconds. Don't use the lift(电梯) Never use the lift during a fire. Always use the stairs(楼梯). A lift may stop at a floor while the fire is burning. It may also go wrong and keep you inside. 1. If you smell smoke or see fire, shout out “fire” because shouting loudly can . 2. You can call if there is a fire around you. 3. You can take a wet towel to protect yourself from the . 4. You shouldn't use the during a fire. 5. There are rules in the passage. 写作专题练，/.紧扣话题写作提升。。 自然灾害时有发生，而且有的发生得很突然，很难预警。请你以“地震”为主题，根据以下提示写一篇短文，给同学们提供一些地震逃生的建议。 室内 室外 *不要从高楼上跳下 *远离桥梁、树木 *可以藏在桌下，要远离窗户 *在车里时，应待在里面 *地面停止晃动时，要快速离开 *在山里时，要当心落石 要保持冷静、勇敢 要求：1.短文词数：不少于70。 2.短文必须包含以上内容，但可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 3.文中不得出现真实的人名和地名。 【写作指导】 1.人称：以第二人称为主。 2.时态：主要使用一般现在时。 3.构思: What to do in an earthquake Unit 6 考点突破 考点突破 练考点集训各个突破 Ⅰ.选词填空 从方框中选择合适的词，并用其适当形式填空。 题组1 expert service ground weekday flood 1. The apple fell to the and rolled away. 2. The heavy rain caused a in this place. 3. He is an on animals. He knows a lot about them. 4. On Kate gets up at6:30. 5. The next bus leaves in 10 minutes. 题组2 university danger honour fashion wound 1. There is a lot of in climbing the high mountain without proper equipment. 2. The new style of shoes is in this year, and many students like to wear them. 3.I take tourists to visit the and then we go down to the river. 4. It is a great for me to be chosen as the monitor of our class. 5. The soldier got a serious in the battle, but he still fought bravely. 题组3 lose scared straight thick terrible 1. The little boy was when he saw the big dog. 2. Go and you' ll find the park. 3. The forest has trees. 4. I had a headache yesterday, so I didn't go to school. 5. She cried for her time. 题组4 reaction coach heroine motherland smoke 1. We saw a lot of coming out of the chimney(烟囱). 2. The in the old pictures looks very special. It was used for traveling in the past. 3. Her to the good news was very exciting. She jumped up and down. 4. We love our and we are proud of it. 5. The story is about a brave who saved many people. 题组5 辨析: shocking shocked 1. The news of the big earthquake was really . Everyone in the town was talking about it. 2. When the students heard that their favourite teacher was leaving, they were all . Ⅱ.用括号内所给词的适当形式填空 1. The old chair is so (comfortable)that I don't want to sit on it for long. 2. The teacher's words are really (encourage). They make me want to study harder. 3. After getting off the wrong bus, she found (she) in a strange place. 4. Tom (shut) the door after he came into the room. 5. He cut his finger and it (bleed)a lot. 专题训练 完形专题练拓展思维寻根溯源。 Ⅰ.完形填空 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 On May 12,2008, an earthquake hit Wenchuan, I lost my right leg in the disaster. The first time I removed the outer prosthesis(假肢) around my leg, I was so 1 that my whole body was shaking. At that moment, I remembered lying in the hospital, looking at the ceiling(天花板), but seeing only 2 . I had no idea what a prosthetic leg was. All I knew was that I wouldn't be able to run anymore. As it turned out, I felt sad for years. I wanted to be a “normal” girl, but it 3 impossible. I did anything I could to hide. But one day, my father told me something I'll never 4 : If you want to live a good life, you must 5 your body as it is. My confidence only grew when I took part in a teaching 6 . And I started running again. In 2018, I ran Wenchuan's half marathon. After I ran to the finishing line, I pulled off the outer cover and showed my prosthetic leg— it was so cool! In October 2021, I was invited to walk in a show in Shanghai. I'd never received any training before, 7 I was nervous when I stepped out onto the runway, prosthetic leg first. Then, I remembered a 8 I'd received from a fan. She told me that her dream was to become a model, but losing a leg made it impossible. She had seen many disabled models abroad, but she had 9 seen one in China. Suddenly, I felt powerful. I realized that I was standing on that runway not just as myself, but as someone who stood for everyone that was just like me. I was there not to look 10 .I was there for me—— and them— to feel seen. 1. A. afraid B. excited C. relaxed D. unhappy 2. A. dirt B. peace C. light D. darkness 3. A. chose B. completed C. seemed D. meant 4. A. forget B. believe C. imagine D. understand 5. A. touch B. build C. accept D. change 6. A. sight B. ability C. experience D. programme 7. A. or B. so C. but D. because 8. A. toy B. gift C. flower D. message 9. A. often B. never C. always D. usually 10. A. brave B. strong C. perfect D. strange Ⅱ.综合填空 根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使短文意思完整。每空限填一词。 Earthquakes are one of the most t 1 natural disasters. We cannot prevent them, and we don't know when they will h 2 . This makes earthquakes very d 3 . Recently, there have been big earthquakes in Japan, India, and El Salvador. What c4 earthquakes? Well, all the countries and oceans are sitting on 15 pieces of plates(板块). The plates are all a 6 the Earth. They fit t7 like a big puzzle(拼图).Earthquakes happen when two plates m 8 against each other. Some parts of the Earths 9 up and down, like ocean waves(波浪). We do not know when earthquakes will happen, but we can do some things to keep ourselves s 10 . We can make tall buildings and houses stronger. And we can teach people what to do if there is an earthquake. This way, we can make these natural disasters just a little less terrible. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 9. 8. 10. 阅读专题练话题追踪阅读突破。 Ⅰ.阅读理解 阅读下面的材料，从每小题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。 Nature's Warnings(警告) When the sky suddenly turns dark and the wind is strong, watch out! A dangerous storm might be coming. Storms are frightening. Watch for flashes of lightning. Listen for thunder. If nature sends these warnings, don't wait for rain. Act right away to keep safe. Safety Steps At the first flash of lightning, quickly get inside a building or a car. Do not go into a shed(棚屋) for protection. It is not closed like a building, so it is not safe. Even after you are indoors, be careful. It is not smart to go near doors and windows. They can blow in or break. A room with no windows is the safest place to be. Do not wash your hands during a storm. Do not use anything that runs on electricity, either. Water and electrical lines are like roads for lightning. Even if you really want to play computer games, don't! It is better to be bored than to get hurt. Try reading a book instead. Reading is more fun than playing computer games. If you can't get to somewhere safe, stay out in the open. You may feel safe under a tree,but that is not a good place to be. Lightning is pulling toward tall poles and trees. Stay down in an open space and cover your ears to protect them. Loud thunder can hurt your hearing. Lightning Strikes(雷击) Lightning does not strike people very often. It is not likely that you will ever see that happen. If you do, call 120. Only trained emergency workers should care for a person who has been hit by lightning. If you follow these rules, you will stay safe during a storm. 1. From Paragraph 1, we learn that . A. storms are frightening and dangerous B. storms often come without warnings C. people should wait and watch lightning D. people should take action after the storm 2. The underlined word “It” in Paragraph 2probably refers to . A. a building B. a shed C. a car D. a room 3. What are the safe places for us to stay? a. A room with many windows when we' re indoors. b. Under a big tree when we' re in the open. c. The school playground. d. A room with no windows. A. ab B. bc C. bd D. cd 4. Which of the statements is TRUE according to the passage? A. It's safe to stay indoors to play computer games during a storm. B. Reading books is more dangerous than using electrical things in a storm. C. We should not wash our hands when a storm comes. D. If a person is hit by lightning, you should move him or her to a safe place right away. 5. What is the best title for the passage? A. Training Steps B. Home Rules C. Storm Safety D. Natural Order Ⅱ.任务型阅读 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容完成句子。 The Storm Brought People Closer Together Ben could hear strong winds outside his home in Alabama. Black clouds were making the sky very dark. With no light outside, it felt like midnight. The news on TV reported that a heavy rainstorm was in the area. Everyone in the neighbourhood was busy. Ben's dad was putting pieces of wood over the windows while his mom was making sure the flashlights and radio were working. She also put some candles and matches on the table. Ben was helping his mom make dinner when the rain began to beat heavily against the windows. After dinner, they tried to play a card game, but it was hard to have fun with a serious storm happening outside. Ben could not sleep at first. He finally fell asleep when the wind was dying down at around 3:00 a. m. When he woke up, the sun was rising. He went outside with his family and found the neighbourhood in a mess. Fallen trees, broken windows and rubbish were everywhere. They joined the neighbours to help clean up the neighbourhood together. Although the storm broke many things apart, it brought families and neighbours closer together. 1. It felt like midnight because there was 2. While Ben's dad was putting pieces of wood over the windows, his mom was making sure the flashlights and radio . 3. Ben was helping his mom when the heavy rain finally started. 4. When Ben woke up, the sun . 5. After the storm, Ben's family and their neighbours get together to the neighbourhood. Unit 6 When disaster strikes 第一课时Reading 知识 基础练 Ⅰ .1. ground 2. flood 3. expert 4. shower 5. thick Ⅱ.1. shook 根据 just now可知用 shake的过去式 shook。 2. lost 分析句子结构可知此处应用形容词，lose为动词，对应的形容词是 lost. feel lost表示“感到迷失”,故填lost。 3. shut 根据 just now(刚才)可知句子时态为一般过去时, shut的过去式为 shut,所以填 shut。 4. historical 分析句子结构可知此处应用形容词, history为名词,其形容词形式是 historical“(有关)历史的”,修饰后面的名词 building。 5. was sleeping 根据句意“当老师进来的时候,汤姆正在睡觉”可知，主句时态为过去进行时，谓语结构是“was/were +动词的现在分词”，主语 Tom 是第三人称单数，所以用 was sleeping。 6. families most 表示“大多数的”,后接可数名词复数。family 的复数形式是 families。 7. shocking 此处修饰后面的名词 things,故用形容词形式 shocking“惊人的”。 Ⅲ.1. coach 2. scared 3. smoke 4. timeline 5. reaction Ⅳ.1. C refuse to do sth拒绝做某事,固定用法,故此处应用动词不定式作宾语。句意：他从不拒绝帮助他的同学们。故选C。 2. D decide to do sth是固定搭配,意为“决定做某事”,故选D。 3. B usually 通常; suddenly 突然地; often 经常; always“总是”。题干描述小猫原本在花园里开心奔跑，之后毫无征兆地停下抬头看天空，这种行为的转变具有突发性,所以应选 suddenly。故选 B。 4. B badly糟糕地; thankfully感激地,庆幸地; carefully仔细地；quickly快速地。句意为“我们在森林里迷路了。但是 ，一个善良的人发现了我们并帮助了我们”。这里不仅体现出事情朝着好的方向发展，还有感激之情,故选 thankfully。 5. A when当……的时候; although 虽然; if如果; because因为。根据句意“昨天下午我正在看电视的时候，我妈妈叫我吃晚饭”可知应选A项。 6. A 根据问句“How did it happen?”可知,此处询问的是过去发生的事情,而答语中 when suddenly she... 表明当时正在进行某个动作，所以答语主句要用过去进行时态,主句主语是 we,所以第一空应用 were boating。 fall nto 意为“掉进”，这里描述的是过去发生的一个瞬间动作、要用一般过去时、fall的过去式是 fell，所以第二空应用 fell into。 V.1. turn into 2. Go straight ahead 3. from side to side4. covered with 5. After a while 6. move back7. wakes up 素养 提升练 1 .1. ground 2. scared 3. shocking 4. straight 5. side6. sand7. without8. flood9. shower10. thoughts Ⅱ.1. C happy高兴的; excited兴奋的; nervous紧张的; calm平静的。根据“It had been raining non-stop for three days. She had never seen a storm this bad.”可知,应是大暴雨让她感到很紧张。故选C。 2. B blow吹; beat敲,拍,打; wave挥动; shake摇动。根据“The wind roared and the rain... on the roof and windows.”可知，风呼啸着，应是雨水拍打在房顶上和窗户上。故选B。 3. D until 直到……为止; so因此; but但是; while当……的时候，与……同时。此处是在介绍妈妈在做某事的时候爸爸正在做的事情，强调主从句动作同时发生，且时态都是进行时，动词是延续性动词，所以用 while引导时间状语从句。故选 D。 4. A say 说; talk 谈论; speak讲(语言); tell告诉。空后the city has already been flooded 是广播的内容,所以用say。故选 A。 5. C onto到……之上; into 到……里面; through(从内部)穿过; across横过。根据 the floodwater可知,是从洪水内部穿过。故选C。 6. D however然而; still仍然; instead代替; because因为。空格后 the moving water could wash the car away 是前面 We can't do that的原因,故选 D。 7. A shout大喊; describe 描述; move移动; report报道。根据“Don't open the door!”和“The water may flood in!”可知，玛丽的行为会引起危险的后果，所以应是爸爸和妈妈大喊制止。故选A。 8. B happily高兴地; softly 温柔地; sadly伤心地; angrily生气地。根据 trying her best to comfort Mary 可知,是在安慰玛丽，所以应是温柔地说。故选B。 9. D hear听见; think想; say说; tell看出。 but 表示转折,虽然妈妈声音很平静，但是玛丽还是可以看出妈妈也很担心。故选D。 10. C window窗户; disaster灾难; wind风; water水。根据上文 The wind roared and the rain 可知,此处指的是外面的风和雨。故选C。 Ⅲ.1. C 根据第二段的第一句“The weather was very sunny and hot, but we started our trip happily.”可知,作者开始旅行时天气晴朗且炎热。故选C。 2. C 根据第二段中“The first volcano...”和第三段中“I was surprised when I saw the second volcano.”及“Then I came across another one.”可知,作者一共参观了三个火山。故选C。 3. C 根据最后一段中“I was not interested in geography before because it was difficult for me but now I think differently.”可知，作者现在对地理的看法变得不同了，作者现在认为地理很有趣。故选C。 4. B 根据第一段中“There were all extinct volcanoes. So we didn't need to worry that we may meet danger on the trip.”可知，作者在旅行前确保了安全。故选B。 5. A文章主要讲述了作者一次难忘的旅行经历，选项A“难忘的旅行”最适合作为文章标题。故选A。 第二课时 Grammar 知识 基础练 1. airline 2. weekdays 3. railway 4. rainstorm 5. service6. motherland 7. terrible 语法 专项练 1 .1. was reading 根据句意可知,朋友来时“我读书”这一动作正在进行。句中 came是过去式，此处应用过去进行时,主语为1,故填 was reading。 2. were playing at 4 o’ clock yesterday是过去的具体时间点，那时“他们踢足球”的动作正在进行，主语为 they，故用 were playing构成过去进行时。 3. was watching 妈妈叫他时“他看电视”的动作正在进行.he是第三人称单数,用 was watching构成过去进行时。 4. were running saw 是过去式,表示动作发生在过去,老师看见时“男孩们跑步”的动作正在进行，应用过去进行时; the boys是复数,用 were running构成过去进行时。 5. was drawing 根据 at that time可知,此处为过去某时刻，根据句意“她那时正在公园里画画”和主语 she可知,用 was drawing构成过去进行时。 Ⅱ. 1. thinking about 2. having dinner 3. looking after 4. was waiting 5. were calling 6. was listening Ⅲ.1. B 根据 when he got home yesterday可知,此处强调在过去某个时间正在发生的动作，用过去进行时，故选B。 2. C 根据 came 可知,句子应用过去的时态;根据 While可知，从句表达的动作是延续性的，应用过去进行时。句意：萨莉正在做作业时，她妈妈下班回来了。故选C。 3. D 根据 at seven o’ clock last night 可知,此处表示过去某个时间点正在做某事，用过去进行时。故选D。 4. D 句中提及的时间是 from 7a. m. to 10a. m. last Sunday.指过去的某个明确的时间段，因此用过去进行时态表示当时正在进行的动作，故选 D。 5. C分析题干和选项可知，句意：当我们正在看一个视频时，一些参观者来到了我们班。while引导的时间状语从句表示过去正在进行的动作，应用过去进行时；主句中 come为非延续性动词，结合语境可知，此处用其过去式。故选C。 素养 提升练 1. important(for you) 2. walk to 3. break the window 4. getting off 5. return to the bus to get the thing Developing ideas 第三课时 Listening and speaking.. 知识 基础练 Ⅰ .1. warning 2. text 3. programmes 4. danger5. tsunami Ⅱ.1. B eight-year-old 意为“8岁的”,为复合形容词,其中的 year用单数形式,故排除A、C两项; eight-year-old的读音以元音音素开头，其前应该用不定冠词 an。故选B。 2. A What happened?“发生了什么事?”; He's happy. “他是开心的”; It sounds nice. “听起来不错”; What about you?“你呢?”。根据“I heard someone crying just now.”可知，此处应该是想知道发生什么事了。故选A。 3. A see sb do sth表示“看到某人经常做某事或做过某事”, see sb doing sth 表示“看到某人正在做某事”。第一个空,从 every morning判断使用 see sb do sth表示“每天早上都看见他读英语”。第二个空,从 when I passed the playground 判断句子考查 see sb doing sth.表示“经过操场时看到他正在踢足球”。句意：林涛很勤奋、我每天早上都看见他读英语。昨天下午，当我经过操场时，我看见他在踢足球。故选A。 4. D another泛指三者或以上的另外一个; the other指两者中的另外一个；others泛指其他人或事，不特指；the others特指某一范围内的其他全部。根据题干中 has three daughters可知,空格处指剩下的两个女儿,故选D。 素养 提升练 1 .1~5 AGBDC Ⅱ.1. D 根据“Suddenly I felt a slight shake.”可知,地震是作者在睡梦中时开始的。故选 D。 2. B 根据 Soon the real noise came 可知,作者听到了响声。故选B。 3. C 根据下一段中的 the noise and shaking ended 可知,大地摇动。故选C。 4. A afraid害怕的; glad高兴的; famous有名的; excited兴奋的。根据“Some ran out of the building… people were running…”可知，地震来了，人们感到害怕。故选A。 5. C 根据“I tried to run out, too, but I could not. Outside, people were running while pieces of glass were falling down.”可知，作者想跑出去，但不能，建筑物的玻璃开始掉落，此处指的应是作者室内的墙开始倒塌。故选C。 6. D beautiful 漂亮的; boring无聊的; enough足够的;quiet 安静的。根据“Finally, the noise and shaking ended.”可知，地震停下后，作者被埋在废墟下，一片安静。故选D。 7. C 根据I could not see anything at all可知,四周很黑,不知道是否还有其他人。故选C。 8. A 根据“I was afraid, but...”可知,此处与前面害怕的情绪形成对比，是镇静的。故选A。 9. C空格前后存在转折关系。故选C。 10. B deeply 深深地; suddenly 突然地; usually通常地;loudly大声地。根据“I shouted for help, no one came.”和 Hours later, as I was trying to go out可知,作者呼救很久都没有人，这个声音是突然出现的。故选B。 Ⅲ.1. famous 根据句意和空后的 for可知，此处为固定短语be famous for“因为……而出名”。故填 famous。 2. recently 分析句子结构可知，此处填副词修饰整个句子；结合首字母可知， recently“最近”符合句意。故填recently。 3. western 根据 in the… part of the Philippines可知,此处填表方位的形容词，western“西边的”符合语境，故填western。 4. thousands 根据 of people 及首字母可知,考查 thousands of“数千的”。故填 thousands。 5. covered 根据 was… in可知,此处应为固定短语 be covered in,意为“撒上(一层尘土等)”。故填 covered。 6. mix 根据空后的 the ash with water可知,此处应为固定短语 mix sth with sth“把······和······混合起来”;begin to do sth“开始做某事”,所以此空填动词原形。故填 mix。 7. surprised 根据I was可知,此处填形容词;根据首字母及 that the ash worked as well as the coffee did 可知,看到火山灰的效果和咖啡一样好感到很吃惊， surprised“吃惊的”符合句意。故填 surprised。 8. Others 根据上一句的 Some及本句首字母可知，此处应用固定结构“Some... Others...”表示“一些……另一些……”，others“其他的”符合语境。句首单词首字母大写,故填 Others, 9. describes 句意: Sanico 她自己是一位“自然水彩画家”。根据 herself as及首字母可知，此处指“把自己描述为”, describe“描述”符合句意。根据 This means可知，此处时态也为一般现在时，主语为 Sanico，所以动词用第三人称单数形式 describes。 10. nature 根据前句的 natural water colour painter可知填 nature。 第四课时 Reading for writing 知识 基础练 Ⅰ .1. iron 2. fashion 3. slim 4. jeans 5. honour6. wounds 7. heroine Ⅱ.1. to take decide to do sth意为“决定做某事”.为固定用法。 2. broke 由 last week 可知,此处应用一般过去时, break的过去式为 broke。 3. bled 句中的 fell用了过去式，结合句子结构可知，此处应用 bleed 的过去式 bled。 4. uncomfortable 根据句中的 shoes were too small 可知,此处应表示“不舒服的”。 5. encouraging encouraging words 表示“鼓励的话语”,为固定用法。 6. bring can 是情态动词,后接动词原形。 Ⅲ.1. D 根据“The book on the shelf is...”的语境可知,此处指她的书，第一空应用名词性物主代词 hers；根据第二个空后的 cover可知，第二空应用形容词性物主代词its，修饰 cover；反身代词用在动词后面，可以强调主语。表示“某人自己”。句意：书架上的书是她的。她亲自在封面上写下了自己的名字。故选 D。 2. A 根据 university 可知,此处泛指一所大学,且 university 的读音以辅音音素开头，因此第一空用不定冠词a；动词 play后跟球类名词时，不加冠词，所以第二空不填任何冠词。故选A。 3. D第一空是“拿着篮球”，此处用介词 with；第二空是“在他的手里”，此处用介词 in。故选D。 4. B used to意为“过去(常常)”,后面接动词原形,故排除A、C两项; get used to doing sth 意为“习惯于做某事”，为固定搭配。故选B。 5. A try one's best to do sth 是固定短语,意为“尽某人最大努力做某事”，故选A。 6. A stop doing sth表示“停止正在做的事情”; stop to do sth 表示“停下来去做另一件事”。根据答语“Because we felt too tired.”可知,是因为太累了,所以停止正在做的工作,应用 stop working。故选 A。 Ⅳ. 1. drew everyone's attention2. With the support 3. To her surprise 4.10-year journey5. listens to 6. Above all/ Most importantly 7. social media 8. to show 9. came out of 素养 提升练 Ⅰ.1. D 根据倒数第二段中的句子“Johnson spent $13,500on the pod.”可知,选项D是正确的。 2. B 根据倒数第二段中的“She has put some water. food, warm clothes and a radio in it.”可知,她在里面放了水、食物、暖和的衣服以及一台收音机。故选B。 3. B 根据第三段中的“He got the idea after a tsunami in2004 in the Indian Ocean... He was on vacation near the ocean with his family that year.”可知选 B。 4. A 根据第三段中的“He got the idea after a tsunami in2004 in the Indian Ocean. It killed more than 226.000people.”可知选A。 5. D 根据第一段中的“Jeanne Johnson lives near the ocean in the USA.”可知, Johnson 住在美国,并非选项中所说的英国，A 项错误。根据第二段中的“The pod is a bright orange ball. It is not very big, just 1.37 metres across. Two people can fit inside.”可知,逃生舱能容纳两人，并非选项说的只能容纳一人，B项错误。根据第五段中的“‘The po d is really not comfortable.’ said Johnson.”可知,逃生舱并不舒适, Johnson喜欢它并非因为舒适, C项错误。根据第三段中的“This was when Sharpe really started designing and making an escape pod strong enough to protect people from a tsunami.”可知,Sharpe希望他设计的逃生舱能保护人们免受海啸伤害，D项正确。故选 D。 Ⅱ.1. wake people up2.1193. fire and smoke 4. lift 5. six/6 写作 专题练 One possible version: What to do in an earthquake Earthquakes always happen suddenly, so it is difficult to warn people about them. Here is some advice for you to keep safe. When you' re inside, you mustn't jump out of high buildings. You can hide under a table. And you should stay away from windows. You'd better leave the building quickly when the ground stops shaking. But don't use the lifts. When you are outside, you'd better keep away from bridges and trees. When you are in a car, you should stay inside. When you are in the mountains, you should be careful of falling rocks. What's more, you must keep calm and be brave. I feel that learning these earthquake safety tips is very important. Unit 6 考点突破 考点 突破练 Ⅰ.题组11. ground 2. flood 3. expert 4. weekdays5. service 题组2 1. danger 2. fashion 3. university 4. honour5. wound 题组3 1. scared 2. straight 3. thick 4. terrible 5. lost题组41. smoke 2. coach 3. reaction 4. motherland5. heroine 题组5 1. shocking 2. shocked Ⅱ.1. uncomfortable 2. encouraging 3. herself 4. shut5. bled Unit 6 专题训练 完形 专题练 1.1. A afraid害怕的; excited兴奋的; relaxed放松的; unhappy不高兴的。根据 my whole body was shaking可知,是因为害怕而颤抖。故选A。 2. D dirt肮脏; peace和平; light光; darkness 黑暗。根据“All I knew was that I wouldn't be able to run anymore.”可知，她只看到了黑暗。故选D。 3. C根据 but可知，应表达想成为“正常的”女孩似乎是不可能的。故选C。 4. A forget 忘记; believe 相信; imagine想象; understand理解。根据“But one day, my father told me something I'll never...”可知，应表达不会忘记爸爸说的话。故选A。 5. C touch接触; build建立; accept接受; change 改变。根据“If you want to live a good life, you must... your body as it is.”可知，应表达如果你想要过上美好的生活，你必须接受自己的身体。故选C。 6. D sight视力; ability能力; experience经历; programme节目。根据 took part in 可知选 D。 7. B 根据“I’ d never received any training before... I was nervous when I stepped out onto the runway. prosthetic leg first. "可知,前后表示因果关系,用 so连接。故选B。 8. D toy玩具; gift礼物; flower花; message 信息。根据“She told me that her dream was to become a model, but losing a leg made it impossible.”可知选 D。 9. B根据 but可知，前后应表达转折关系.此处表达从未在中国看到过。故选B。 10. C brave勇敢的; strong强壮的; perfect完美的; strange奇怪的。根据“I was there not to look...”可知,应表达“我”站在那里，看起来不是“完美的”。故选C。 Ⅱ.1. terrible 根据“Earthquakes are one of the most... natural disasters.”及首字母可知，地震是最可怕的自然灾害之一.故填 terrible。 2. happen 根据“We cannot prevent them, and we don't know when they will...”及首字母可知,我们不知道地震何时会发生, happen意为“发生”,空格前 will 是情态动词，后加动词原形。故填 happen。 3. dangerous 根据 This makes earthquakes very 及首字母可知，地震是非常危险的自然灾害， dangerous“危险的”。故填 dangerous。 4. causes 根据下文“Well, all the countries and oceans are sitting on... pieces of plates.”及首字母可知,这里是在询问地震的成因是什么。cause“引起，导致”，文章使用了一般现在时，主语为 what，需要使用 cause的第三人称单数形式 causes。 5. large 根据常识及首字母可知，所有的国家和海洋都位于巨大的板块上, large“巨大的”。故填 large。 6. around 根据空后的 the Earth和首字母可知,所有的板块都环绕着地球, around意为“环绕”。故填 around。 7. together 根据空后的 like a big puzzle及首字母可知,这些板块拼在一起就像是一个巨大的拼图，together意为“在一起”。故填 together。 8. move 根据“Earthquakes happen when two plates...against each other.”及首字母和常识可知,这些板块相互运动碰撞，就会发生地震， move“运动”，此处为一般现在时,主语是 two plates, move用动词原形。故填 move。 9. shake 根据“Some parts of the Earth... up and down, like ocean waves.”及首字母可知，地震发生时，这些板块会上下晃动， shake意为“晃动，摇摆”，符合句意。此处为一般现在时,主语为 Some parts of the Earth,故填 shake。 10. safe 根据下句“We can make tall buildings and houses stronger.”及首字母可知，我们可以做一些事情来保证自己的安全, safe“安全的”。故填 safe。 阅读 专题练 1.1. A 根据第一段中“A dangerous storm might be coming. Storms are frightening.”可知,暴风雨很可怕也很危险。故选A。 2. B 根据第二段中“Do not go into a shed for protection. It is not closed like a building, so it is not safe.”可知,此处指棚屋是不安全的，所以 it指a shed。故选 B。 3. D 根据第三段 中“A room with no windows is the safest place to be.”和第四段中“Stay down in an open space and cover your cars to protect them.”可知,在没有窗户的房间和开阔的户外是安全的，选项c和d说法正确。故选 D。 4. C 根据第三段中“Do not wash your hands during a storm.”可知，暴风雨期间不要洗手。故选C。 5. C本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一些在暴风雨中保证自己安全的方法。故选C。 Ⅱ.1. no light(outside) 2. were working 3. make dinner4. was rising 5. help clean up 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $