专题02 必备短语搭配及练习 （知识清单，全国通用）英语学业水平考试合格考总复习

该高中英语高考复习知识清单系统整合了必备短语搭配及练习，涵盖主题语境分类（日常交流、学习教育、社会文化等）和词性规律分类（动词+介词、a+名词+of结构等）两大核心范畴，构建了短语知识网络。 清单通过主题语境与词性规律双维度分类，如“学习与教育”板块总结“专注类多为动词+oneself to”规律，易混短语设记忆口诀（“振作cheer晴clear”），培养语言能力与思维品质。配套高考题型练习强化应用，助力学生自主复习，为教师提供精准教学支持。

专题02 必备短语搭配及练习 知识点1 主题语境分类表 主题语境 高频短语 搭配规律总结 日常交流与生活 1. a couple of（一双 / 几个） 2. all of a sudden（突然） 3. after all（毕竟） 4. by accident（偶然） 5. day and night（日夜） 6. cheer up（使振作） 7. feel at home（自在） 8. take it easy（放松） 1. 数量类短语多含 “a + 名词 + of”（如 a couple of/a bunch of） 2. 突发类常用 “all of a + 名词”（all of a sudden/all of a rush） 3. 情绪类多为 “动词 + up”（cheer up/pick up） 学习与教育 1. apply oneself to（专心于） 2. brush up on（温习） 3. concentrate on（集中） 4. devote...to（致力于） 5. figure out（弄明白） 6. make progress（进步） 7. take notes（记笔记） 8. graduate from（毕业于） 1. 专注类多为 “动词 + oneself to”（apply oneself to/devote oneself to） 2. 学习动作多含 “on”（concentrate on/insist on） 3. 学业结果常用 “make + 名词”（make progress/make mistakes） 社会与文化 1. all walks of life（各行各业） 2. culture shock（文化冲击） 3. Dragon-Boat Festival（端午节） 4. cross talk（相声） 5. the Forbidden City（紫禁城） 6. donate...to（捐赠） 7. participate in（参与） 1. 社会群体类常用 “all + 名词 + of life”（all walks of life/all aspects of life） 2. 文化专有名词首字母大写（Dragon-Boat Festival/The Analects） 3. 公益类多为 “动词 + to/in”（donate to/participate in） 自然与科技 1. volcanic eruption（火山喷发） 2. solar system（太阳系） 3. artificial intelligence（人工智能） 4. search engine（搜索引擎） 5. electric shock（触电） 6. rain cats and dogs（下大雨） 7. fossil fuel（化石燃料） 1. 自然现象多为 “名词 + 名词”（volcanic eruption/heat wave） 2. 科技术语常用 “形容词 + 名词”（artificial intelligence/virtual reality） 3. 天气类多为形象表达（rain cats and dogs/burn down） 情感与心理 1. be absorbed in（专心于） 2. be glued to（全神贯注） 3. butterflies in one's stomach（紧张） 4. lose heart（泄气） 5. stressed out（焦虑） 6. walk on air（开心） 7. have second thoughts（犹豫） 1. 专注状态多为 “be + 形容词 + in”（be absorbed in/be lost in） 2. 心理感受常用比喻表达（butterflies in one's stomach/walk on air） 3. 负面情绪多含 “lose/be + 形容词”（lose heart/be stressed out） 旅行与交通 1. package tour（跟团游） 2. check in（登记入住） 3. check out（退房） 4. head to（前往） 5. traffic jam（堵车） 6. crash into（撞上） 7. trip over（绊倒） 1. 旅行服务类多为 “动词 + in/out”（check in/check out/check up） 2. 方向类常用 “head + 介词”（head to/head for/head off） 3. 交通意外多为 “动词 + into/over”（crash into/trip over） 知识点2 短语词性规律分类表 词性结构类型 核心规律 高频短语 扩展短语 易错点提醒 1. 动词 + 介词 常表 “动作 + 对象 / 方向”，高频搭配介词：to/on/in/for/with 1. account for（是…… 的说明；数量上占） 2. adapt to（适应某事） 3. appeal to（有吸引力；呼吁）4. apply for（申请） 4. argue with（争吵） 6. associate with（与某人交往）7. attend to（关怀；照料；处理） 1. agree with（同意……） 2. apologize to（向…… 道歉） 3. ask for（请求……） 4. believe in（相信……） 5. depend on（依靠……） 1. “appeal to” 表 “吸引” 时，介词 to 后需接人（如：appeal to young people 吸引年轻人） 2. “account for” 表 “占比” 时，句子主语多为数量类名词（如：Women account for 50% of the team. 女性占团队人数的 50%） 2. 动词 + 副词 常表 “动作 + 状态变化”，高频搭配副词：up/down/out/on/off 1. break down（停止运转，出故障；使分解） 2. break out（战争等突然开始；爆发） 3. bring up（显示在电脑屏幕上，调出；抚养） 4. calm down（冷静下来） 5. carry on（继续做，坚持干）6. come up with（想出，想到）7. cut down（减少，削减；砍倒） 1. clean up（打扫干净） 2. give up（放弃） 3. look up（查阅；抬头看）4. put off（推迟，使延期）5. take off（突然大受欢迎，迅速流行；起飞；脱下） 1. “break down” 含义多，可表 “机器故障”（The car broke down. 汽车出故障了）或 “情绪崩溃”（She broke down in tears. 她哭着崩溃了） 2. “come up with” 无被动语态，需用主动形式表达（如：He came up with a good idea. 他想出了一个好主意） 3. 形容词 + 介词 常表 “状态 + 对象”，高频搭配介词：in/of/at/with/about 1. absorbed in（被…… 吸引住；专心致志） 2. addicted to（对…… 很入迷；沉迷于） 3. aware of（意识到；知道） 4. capable of（有能力做……） 5. concerned about（对…… 关切的；为…… 担忧的） 6. fond of（喜欢……） 7. tired of（厌倦……） 1. afraid of（害怕……） 2. good at（擅长……） 3. interested in（对…… 感兴趣） 4. proud of（为…… 自豪，为…… 骄傲） 5. satisfied with（对…… 满意） 1. “capable of” 后接动名词形式（如：capable of solving problems 有能力解决问题） 2. “concerned about” 表 “担心某事 / 某人”，“concerned with” 表 “涉及、与…… 有关”，二者含义易混淆（如：concerned about his health 担心他的健康；concerned with the project 与项目有关） 4. a + 名词 + of 结构 常表 “数量 / 总称”，高频搭配名词：couple/bunch/host/handful 1. a ball park estimate（大致相近的估计） 2. a bunch of（一束；一串；一群） 3. a couple of（一双，一对；几个） 4. a flock of（一群（羊或鸟））5. a great deal of（大量） 5. a handful of（少数人（或物）；一把（的量）） 7. a host of（许多，大量） 1. a cup of（一杯……） 2. a group of（一群……） 3. a kind of（一种……） 4. a lot of（许多……） 5. a pair of（一双……；一副……） 1. 修饰不可数名词时，需用 “a great deal of/a large amount of”（如：a great deal of water 大量的水）2. 修饰可数名词复数时，需用 “a number of/a bunch of”（如：a bunch of flowers 一束花），二者修饰对象易混淆 5. in + 名词短语 常表 “时间 / 状态 / 方式”，高频搭配名词：case/charge/conclusion 1. in case（以防万一） 2. in charge of（主管；掌管） 3. in conclusion（最后，总之）4. in contrast to（和…… 对比）5. in general（普遍地；一般来说） 6. in person（亲自） 7. in short（总而言之；简单地说） 1. in time（及时） 2. in fact（事实上；其实）3. in order（有序地） 4. in public（公开地；当众）5. in trouble（处于困境中） 1. “in case” 后接从句，表 “以防某种情况发生”（如：Take an umbrella in case it rains. 带把伞，以防下雨）2. “in charge of” 表 “主动负责某事 / 某人”（如：He is in charge of the team. 他负责这个团队），“in the charge of” 表 “被动被某人负责”（如：The team is in the charge of him. 这个团队由他负责）， 6. 名词 + and + 名词 常表 “并列概念”，多为固定搭配，不可随意替换顺序 1. day and night（日日夜夜；夜以继日） 2. ups and downs（浮沉；兴衰；荣辱） 3. thick and thin（不顾艰难险阻，同甘共苦） 4. here and there（到处；处处）5. now and then（有时；偶尔）6. right and wrong（对与错） 1. black and white（黑白两色；书面形式） 2. back and forth（来来回回；反复地） 3. more or less（或多或少；大约） 4. sooner or later（迟早；早晚） 1. 此类短语多为固定表达，名词顺序不可随意调换（如 “ups and downs” 不可说成 “downs and ups”） 2. “thick and thin” 需与介词 “through” 搭配使用，构成 “through thick and thin”，表 “无论顺境逆境”（如：They stayed together through thick and thin. 他们同甘共苦，一直在一起） 知识点3 易混短语 规律类型 短语组（含对比） 记忆口诀 易混 “动词 + up” 短语 1. cheer up（使振作）vs clear up（清理 / 放晴） 2. give up（放弃）vs pick up（捡起 / 学会） 3. make up（组成 / 弥补）vs take up（占据 / 开始） “振作 cheer 晴 clear，放弃 give 捡 pick，组成 make 占 take” 易混 “in + 名词” 短语 1. in case（以防）vs in charge（负责） 2. in contrast（对比）vs in conclusion（总结） 3. in public（公开）vs in person（亲自） “以防 case 负责 charge，对比 contrast 总结 conclusion，公开 public 亲自 person” 固定比喻短语 1. Achilles' heel（致命弱点） 2. butterflies in one's stomach（紧张） 3. rain cats and dogs（大雨） 4. walk on air（开心） “阿喀琉斯是弱点，蝴蝶在胃是紧张，猫狗下雨是大雨，空中走路是开心” 否定意义短语 1. anything but（绝不） 2. far from（远非） 3. rather than（而不是） 4. other than（除了） “anything but 表绝不，far from 表远非，rather than 是而不，other than 是除了” 1、 完形填空 Passage 1 （2025·浙江绍兴）The charm of the ocean has always been a powerful force, and among its most grand inhabitants is the humpback whale (驼背鲸). My personal encounter with a humpback whale is an experience that has 1 my understanding of the natural world and my place within it. That morning, our research ship floated quietly in the Gulf of Alaska. After hours of patient 2 , a huge humpback whale suddenly 3 just meters away. It stayed beside us, 4 lifting its head as if studying us in return. At one 5 moment, the whale turned and directly 6 me — its large, intelligent eye holding mine in a gaze that felt timeless and deeply connecting. Scientists believe such behavior 7 curiosity — a specific attempt to 8 the species divide. During those profound minutes, the whale felt like a conscious being choosing to 9 . This common attentiveness, especially that moment of silent eye contact, transformed the encounter into a(n) 10 beyond words, changing my understanding of interspecies 11 . To me, the whale’s graceful 12 felt like a silent prayer for coexistence, 13 me that we are part of nature. As marine biologist Sylvia Earle once said, “No blue, no green.” Without healthy oceans, there is no healthy 14 . That day, the humpback whale became my 15 , and I was its humble student. 1．A．created B．reshaped C．achieved D．challenged 2．A．preparation B．investigation C．appreciation D．observation 3．A．surfaced B．attacked C．dived D．swam 4．A．apparently B．eventually C．occasionally D．immediately 5．A．anxious B．remarkable C．joyful D．decisive 6．A．sought for B．approved of C．submitted to D．looked at 7．A．releases B．reflects C．awakens D．satisfies 8．A．display B．repair C．explore D．bridge 9．A．reply B．engage C．survive D．withdraw 10．A．dialogue B．conflict C．incident D．mission 11．A．recognition B．cooperation C．distance D．connection 12．A．figure B．reaction C．presence D．encounter 13．A．warning B．reminding C．informing D．guaranteeing 14．A．future B．life C．planet D．climate 15．A．follower B．partner C．admirer D．teacher Passage 2 （25·江苏南京）I used to take my grandmother’s weekly phone calls for granted(认为理所当然). Every Sunday evening, she would call to ask about my life, and I would give brief responses while multitasking. To me, it was just a routine(常规，惯例). Everything changed when my grandfather passed away. In the 1 that followed, I noticed how lonely Grandma sounded. One Sunday, she didn’t call. Feeling 2 , I called her instead. Her voice brightened immediately, and we talked for an hour. That call became our new 3 . I began to truly listen to her stories about the past — how she and Grandpa met, their struggles, and their dreams. Through these conversations, I gained a deeper 4 of our family history and her wisdom. One evening, she 5 mentioned wanting to learn how to use a smartphone to view photos of our family trips. I saw this as a(n) 6 to give back. The next weekend, I 7 to grandmother’s with a brand-new phone and a detailed plan to teach her. The learning process was 8 at first. She often forgot the steps and felt discouraged. But I remembered her 9 with me when I was a child learning to read. So I practiced the same patience with her. After weeks of practice, my grandmother 10 it. Her face lit up when she 11 opened her first photo album on the phone. “I feel connected to your world now,” she said tearfully. At that moment, I realized this wasn’t just about teaching technology; it was about 12 generations. The experience taught me family bonds need continuous 13 . We must actively 14 time to strengthen these relationships. Now, I not only call Grandma regularly but also visit her more often. She always says our conversations are the highlight of her week, but little does she know that she is also a precious 15 in my life. 1．A．emergency B．silence C．recovery D．response 2．A．awkward B．guilty C．concerned D．secure 3．A．habit B．basis C．trick D．medium 4．A．realization B．quality C．measure D．understanding 5．A．accidentally B．definitely C．proudly D．equally 6．A．task B．challenge C．opportunity D．lesson 7．A．struggled B．responded C．behaved D．headed 8．A．smooth B．discouraging C．enjoyable D．similar 9．A．behavior B．patience C．opinion D．judgment 10．A．recognize B．ignore C．escape D．made 11．A．simply B．suddenly C．finally D．casually 12．A．contacting B．respecting C．bridging D．protecting 13．A．benefit B．effort C．comfort D．joy 14．A．take off B．take on C．get over D．set aside 15．A．gift B．theme C．memory D．imagination 2、 阅读理解 Passage 1 （25·湖北十堰）Water is the source of life. It plays an important part in our life, Without which we humans couldn’t live. In January, an Arizona desert community found itself in a terrible situation: The water was cut off. Rio Verde Foothills is made up of about 2,000 homes. For years, many in the community have depended on water trucked in from the nearby city of Scottsdale, which gets its water from the Colorado River. But the river is drying up. Now some people in Rio Verde Foothills must look after themselves. Arizona has increasingly pumped(用泵抽吸) water from underground, but that provides less than half of what the state needs. Some experts say the solution is to import water from outside of the state. One idea is to build a $5.5 billion desalination(海水淡化) factory on Mexico’s Sea of Cortez. Supporters say this could solve the problem for many years. However, some people see a different future. Imported water could damage the environment. Margaret Wilder is a professor at the University of Arizona, in Tucson. She warns that big projects like this one could be used to support or excuse the desert in the future. Environmentalists say the desalination project would harm the planet in several ways. Some of the salt taken out of the Sea of Cortez might end up back in the ocean, harming wildlife, The pipeline would damage land where people and animals live. And the desalination process would drain lots of energy. This would create greenhouse gases. As more water problems like the one in Rio Verde Foothills crop up, Wilder says she’s hopeful that Arizona will understand the risks of never-ending expansion(扩大) into the desert. People in Tucson, Arizona, have found a solution to the city’s water shortage: rainwater. Thousands of households are collecting it and using it for cooking, for drinking, and in their gardens. Government leaders have taken notice. The city now requires publicly built roads to collect stormwater. Tucson also helps residents pay for equipment that collects rainwater for home use. 1．Why is the water in the Rio Verde Foothills community getting less? A．People have been using too much water during their daily life. B．The population in this area is getting larger and larger C．The water from the Colorado River is becoming dry D．The nearby city has cut off its water supply. 2．What’s the Wilder’s attitude to the desalination factory? A．Doubtful. B．Thankful. C．Confident. D．Uninterested. 3．What does the underlined word “drain” in paragraph 3 mean? A．cost. B．provide. C．save. D．store. 4．What is the government of Tucson doing to solve its problem? A．Inventing new equipment to reuse water. B．Limiting the number of homes that can be built. C．Encouraging people to collect and use rainwater. D．Increasing the amount of water pumped from underground. Passage 2 （25·江苏南京）Growing crops in piling rows indoors under controllable artificial lights can produce more food per square foot while using less land and water than traditional outdoor farms. But this vertical farming technique is also energy intensive and expensive. Researchers are now finding that adjusting light to cater to the unique requirements of each crop can promote stronger, healthier growth and simultaneously cut down on energy use. Researchers have developed a computer program that can control lighting to better both photosynthesis and electric bills. The computer program adjusts the intensity of grow lights hourly based on the changing cost of electricity. This “smart lighting” could potentially cut vertical farms’ electricity costs by up to 12 percent, says Leo Marcells, leader of the research team. Such savings could lead to tens of thousands of dollars in annual cost reductions, backed by data from the 2021 Global CEA Census Report — a survey of the indoor and controlled environment agriculture industry. But how might indoor crops grow well under dynamic lighting? Marcells and his colleagues tested how leafy greens reacted to light patterns that changed hourly. Plants were exposed to varying light intensities: one group of plants grew under high-then-low intensity lighting intervals, while another enjoyed brighter mornings — and dimmer afternoons. Interestingly, both conditions resulted in leaves and mature weights similar to those grown under standard fixed lighting. While the new program operated without predetermined lighting conditions, Marcells indicates there is potential for reducing electricity costs. Continued research that tests dynamic lighting on larger scales is needed, as the research was carried out at the singleplant level, but not yet at the whole crop stand level, mentioned Marcells. He also cautions against expecting immediate benefits from dynamic lighting for vertical farming. Other critical issues remain to be resolved before vertical farming can help feed the world. 1．What does the underlined word “intensive” mean in paragraph 1? A．Effective. B．Efficient. C．Challenging. D．Consuming. 2．What influences the adjustments of grow light intensity? A．Variations in power costs. B．Growth stages of the crops. C．Outdoor lighting conditions. D．Changing electricity supplies. 3．What did researchers find about indoor crops? A．They grow better under fixed lighting. B．They remain uninfluenced by sunlight. C．They react similarly to varying light patterns. D．They output more under dynamic lighting. 4．What may Marcelis agree with? A．The new program helps save on electricity bills. B．There are still some limitations in the research. C．Vertical farming will be a major trend in the future. D．Dynamic lighting is a useful way to get rid of hunger. Passage 3 （25·湖北武汉）If you shop in supermarkets now, you may see many foods with big “protein” signs on black packages. These include powders, bars, yogurt, bread, and even coffee. Many people buy more protein for fitness and health, but marketing can influence our choices. Colors on packages send signals. Green suggests natural, red and yellow suggest energy, and blue suggests coolness. Today, black often signals protein and an excellent image. This can create a “health halo (光环),” where one good feature makes the whole food seem healthy. With protein, this halo can hide added sugar or fat and make us pay more. Protein shortage is hardly common in wealthy countries, and too much protein is possible. If you want more protein, choose foods that give better value. Animal foods like meat, fish, poultry, eggs, and cheese usually provide 11-32 grams per 100 grams. A chicken breast gives about 60 grams, a can of tuna gives about 22 grams, a 170-gram tub of Greek yogurt gives about 17 grams, and two eggs give about 12 grams. Chicken often gives more than 30 grams of protein per dollar. You do not need animal foods to meet your needs. Plant foods can be very cost-friendly. Legumes like beans or soybeans give about 9 grams per 100 grams and often about 20 grams of protein per dollar. Peanuts at $6/kg give about 42 grams per dollar. Oats at $3/kg give about 33 grams per dollar. Nuts, seeds, and even a cup of frozen peas also add useful protein. In comparison, many protein bars give only 6-8 grams per dollar. Bottom line: do not rely on colors and slogans. Read the nutrition (营养) label and choose a variety of fresh, minimally processed foods to get enough protein and micronutrients without overspending. 1．According to the passage, what is a possible risk concerned with the “health halo” created by black protein packaging? A．It makes the food appear more natural and environmentally friendly. B．It may hide the presence of unhealthy things like added sugar or fat. C．It greatly increases the actual protein content of the food product. D．It causes people in wealthy countries to suffer from protein shortage. 2．According to the passage, which of the following foods offers the most protein per dollar? A．Chicken. B．Legumes. C．Peanuts. D．Protein bars. 3．What is the main message of the passage? A．Protein is the most important nutrient for human health. B．People should avoid eating animal foods to get protein. C．Do not be misled by packaging: choose fresh and various foods wisely. D．Black packaging means the product is great and high in protein. 4．What is the author’s attitude toward protein-labeled products? A．Fully supportive. B．Objective and careful. C．Uninterested. D．Practical. Passage 4 （25·四川绵阳）People from East Asia tend to have more difficulty than those from Europe in distinguishing facial expressions — and a new report published online in Current Biology explains why. Rachael Jack, University of Glasgow researcher, said that rather than scanning evenly across a face as Westerners do, Easterners fix their attention on the eyes. “We demonstrate that Easterners and Westerners look at different face features to read facial expressions,” Jack said. “Westerners look at the eyes and the mouth in equal measure, whereas Easterners favor the eyes and overlook the mouth.” According to Jack and her colleagues, the discovery reveals that human communication of emotion is more complex than previously assumed. As a consequence, facial expressions that had been considered universally recognizable cannot be used to reliably convey emotion in cross-cultural situations. The researchers studied cultural differences in the recognition of facial expressions by recording the eye movements of 13 Western Caucasian and 13 East Asian people while they observed pictures of expressive faces and put them into categories: happy, sorrowful, surprised, fearful, disgusted, angry, or neutral. They compared how accurately participants read those facial expressions using their particular eye movement strategies. It turned out that Easterners focused much greater attention on the eyes and made significantly more errors than Westerners did. “The cultural difference in eye movements that they show is probably a reflection of cultural difference in facial expressions,” Jack said. “Our data suggest that whereas Westerners use the whole face to convey emotion, Easterners use the eyes more and mouth less.” In short, the data indicate that facial expressions are not universal signals of human emotion. From here on, examining how cultural factors have diversified these basic social skills will help our understanding of human emotion. Otherwise, when it comes to communicating emotions across cultures, Easterners and Westerners will find themselves lost in translation. 1．According to the passage, how do Easterners usually look at faces to read expressions? A．They look at the whole face evenly. B．They pay most attention to the eyes. C．They focus equally on the eyes and the mouth. D．They move their attention between different features quickly. 2．What were the subjects asked to do in the study? A．To make their faces impressive. B．To observe the researchers’ faces. C．To classify certain facial images. D．To make their eyes move in a specific pattern. 3．What are Easterners likely to do when compared with Westerners? A．Examine the eyes more attentively. B．Perform translation more skillfully. C．Focus more on the mouth frequently. D．Read facial expressions more accurately. 4．What is the best title for the passage? A．The Eye Serving as a Window into the Soul. B．Cultural Distinctions in Interpreting Emotions. C．How to Promote Cross-cultural Understanding. D．Effective Approaches to Developing Social Skills. 3 / 3 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题02 必备短语搭配及练习 知识点1 主题语境分类表 主题语境 高频短语 搭配规律总结 日常交流与生活 1. a couple of（一双 / 几个） 2. all of a sudden（突然） 3. after all（毕竟） 4. by accident（偶然） 5. day and night（日夜） 6. cheer up（使振作） 7. feel at home（自在） 8. take it easy（放松） 1. 数量类短语多含 “a + 名词 + of”（如 a couple of/a bunch of） 2. 突发类常用 “all of a + 名词”（all of a sudden/all of a rush） 3. 情绪类多为 “动词 + up”（cheer up/pick up） 学习与教育 1. apply oneself to（专心于） 2. brush up on（温习） 3. concentrate on（集中） 4. devote...to（致力于） 5. figure out（弄明白） 6. make progress（进步） 7. take notes（记笔记） 8. graduate from（毕业于） 1. 专注类多为 “动词 + oneself to”（apply oneself to/devote oneself to） 2. 学习动作多含 “on”（concentrate on/insist on） 3. 学业结果常用 “make + 名词”（make progress/make mistakes） 社会与文化 1. all walks of life（各行各业） 2. culture shock（文化冲击） 3. Dragon-Boat Festival（端午节） 4. cross talk（相声） 5. the Forbidden City（紫禁城） 6. donate...to（捐赠） 7. participate in（参与） 1. 社会群体类常用 “all + 名词 + of life”（all walks of life/all aspects of life） 2. 文化专有名词首字母大写（Dragon-Boat Festival/The Analects） 3. 公益类多为 “动词 + to/in”（donate to/participate in） 自然与科技 1. volcanic eruption（火山喷发） 2. solar system（太阳系） 3. artificial intelligence（人工智能） 4. search engine（搜索引擎） 5. electric shock（触电） 6. rain cats and dogs（下大雨） 7. fossil fuel（化石燃料） 1. 自然现象多为 “名词 + 名词”（volcanic eruption/heat wave） 2. 科技术语常用 “形容词 + 名词”（artificial intelligence/virtual reality） 3. 天气类多为形象表达（rain cats and dogs/burn down） 情感与心理 1. be absorbed in（专心于） 2. be glued to（全神贯注） 3. butterflies in one's stomach（紧张） 4. lose heart（泄气） 5. stressed out（焦虑） 6. walk on air（开心） 7. have second thoughts（犹豫） 1. 专注状态多为 “be + 形容词 + in”（be absorbed in/be lost in） 2. 心理感受常用比喻表达（butterflies in one's stomach/walk on air） 3. 负面情绪多含 “lose/be + 形容词”（lose heart/be stressed out） 旅行与交通 1. package tour（跟团游） 2. check in（登记入住） 3. check out（退房） 4. head to（前往） 5. traffic jam（堵车） 6. crash into（撞上） 7. trip over（绊倒） 1. 旅行服务类多为 “动词 + in/out”（check in/check out/check up） 2. 方向类常用 “head + 介词”（head to/head for/head off） 3. 交通意外多为 “动词 + into/over”（crash into/trip over） 知识点2 短语词性规律分类表 词性结构类型 核心规律 高频短语 扩展短语 易错点提醒 1. 动词 + 介词 常表 “动作 + 对象 / 方向”，高频搭配介词：to/on/in/for/with 1. account for（是…… 的说明；数量上占） 2. adapt to（适应某事） 3. appeal to（有吸引力；呼吁）4. apply for（申请） 4. argue with（争吵） 6. associate with（与某人交往）7. attend to（关怀；照料；处理） 1. agree with（同意……） 2. apologize to（向…… 道歉） 3. ask for（请求……） 4. believe in（相信……） 5. depend on（依靠……） 1. “appeal to” 表 “吸引” 时，介词 to 后需接人（如：appeal to young people 吸引年轻人） 2. “account for” 表 “占比” 时，句子主语多为数量类名词（如：Women account for 50% of the team. 女性占团队人数的 50%） 2. 动词 + 副词 常表 “动作 + 状态变化”，高频搭配副词：up/down/out/on/off 1. break down（停止运转，出故障；使分解） 2. break out（战争等突然开始；爆发） 3. bring up（显示在电脑屏幕上，调出；抚养） 4. calm down（冷静下来） 5. carry on（继续做，坚持干）6. come up with（想出，想到）7. cut down（减少，削减；砍倒） 1. clean up（打扫干净） 2. give up（放弃） 3. look up（查阅；抬头看）4. put off（推迟，使延期）5. take off（突然大受欢迎，迅速流行；起飞；脱下） 1. “break down” 含义多，可表 “机器故障”（The car broke down. 汽车出故障了）或 “情绪崩溃”（She broke down in tears. 她哭着崩溃了） 2. “come up with” 无被动语态，需用主动形式表达（如：He came up with a good idea. 他想出了一个好主意） 3. 形容词 + 介词 常表 “状态 + 对象”，高频搭配介词：in/of/at/with/about 1. absorbed in（被…… 吸引住；专心致志） 2. addicted to（对…… 很入迷；沉迷于） 3. aware of（意识到；知道） 4. capable of（有能力做……） 5. concerned about（对…… 关切的；为…… 担忧的） 6. fond of（喜欢……） 7. tired of（厌倦……） 1. afraid of（害怕……） 2. good at（擅长……） 3. interested in（对…… 感兴趣） 4. proud of（为…… 自豪，为…… 骄傲） 5. satisfied with（对…… 满意） 1. “capable of” 后接动名词形式（如：capable of solving problems 有能力解决问题） 2. “concerned about” 表 “担心某事 / 某人”，“concerned with” 表 “涉及、与…… 有关”，二者含义易混淆（如：concerned about his health 担心他的健康；concerned with the project 与项目有关） 4. a + 名词 + of 结构 常表 “数量 / 总称”，高频搭配名词：couple/bunch/host/handful 1. a ball park estimate（大致相近的估计） 2. a bunch of（一束；一串；一群） 3. a couple of（一双，一对；几个） 4. a flock of（一群（羊或鸟））5. a great deal of（大量） 5. a handful of（少数人（或物）；一把（的量）） 7. a host of（许多，大量） 1. a cup of（一杯……） 2. a group of（一群……） 3. a kind of（一种……） 4. a lot of（许多……） 5. a pair of（一双……；一副……） 1. 修饰不可数名词时，需用 “a great deal of/a large amount of”（如：a great deal of water 大量的水）2. 修饰可数名词复数时，需用 “a number of/a bunch of”（如：a bunch of flowers 一束花），二者修饰对象易混淆 5. in + 名词短语 常表 “时间 / 状态 / 方式”，高频搭配名词：case/charge/conclusion 1. in case（以防万一） 2. in charge of（主管；掌管） 3. in conclusion（最后，总之）4. in contrast to（和…… 对比）5. in general（普遍地；一般来说） 6. in person（亲自） 7. in short（总而言之；简单地说） 1. in time（及时） 2. in fact（事实上；其实）3. in order（有序地） 4. in public（公开地；当众）5. in trouble（处于困境中） 1. “in case” 后接从句，表 “以防某种情况发生”（如：Take an umbrella in case it rains. 带把伞，以防下雨）2. “in charge of” 表 “主动负责某事 / 某人”（如：He is in charge of the team. 他负责这个团队），“in the charge of” 表 “被动被某人负责”（如：The team is in the charge of him. 这个团队由他负责）， 6. 名词 + and + 名词 常表 “并列概念”，多为固定搭配，不可随意替换顺序 1. day and night（日日夜夜；夜以继日） 2. ups and downs（浮沉；兴衰；荣辱） 3. thick and thin（不顾艰难险阻，同甘共苦） 4. here and there（到处；处处）5. now and then（有时；偶尔）6. right and wrong（对与错） 1. black and white（黑白两色；书面形式） 2. back and forth（来来回回；反复地） 3. more or less（或多或少；大约） 4. sooner or later（迟早；早晚） 1. 此类短语多为固定表达，名词顺序不可随意调换（如 “ups and downs” 不可说成 “downs and ups”） 2. “thick and thin” 需与介词 “through” 搭配使用，构成 “through thick and thin”，表 “无论顺境逆境”（如：They stayed together through thick and thin. 他们同甘共苦，一直在一起） 知识点3 易混短语 规律类型 短语组（含对比） 记忆口诀 易混 “动词 + up” 短语 1. cheer up（使振作）vs clear up（清理 / 放晴） 2. give up（放弃）vs pick up（捡起 / 学会） 3. make up（组成 / 弥补）vs take up（占据 / 开始） “振作 cheer 晴 clear，放弃 give 捡 pick，组成 make 占 take” 易混 “in + 名词” 短语 1. in case（以防）vs in charge（负责） 2. in contrast（对比）vs in conclusion（总结） 3. in public（公开）vs in person（亲自） “以防 case 负责 charge，对比 contrast 总结 conclusion，公开 public 亲自 person” 固定比喻短语 1. Achilles' heel（致命弱点） 2. butterflies in one's stomach（紧张） 3. rain cats and dogs（大雨） 4. walk on air（开心） “阿喀琉斯是弱点，蝴蝶在胃是紧张，猫狗下雨是大雨，空中走路是开心” 否定意义短语 1. anything but（绝不） 2. far from（远非） 3. rather than（而不是） 4. other than（除了） “anything but 表绝不，far from 表远非，rather than 是而不，other than 是除了” 1、 完形填空 Passage 1 （2025·浙江绍兴）The charm of the ocean has always been a powerful force, and among its most grand inhabitants is the humpback whale (驼背鲸). My personal encounter with a humpback whale is an experience that has 1 my understanding of the natural world and my place within it. That morning, our research ship floated quietly in the Gulf of Alaska. After hours of patient 2 , a huge humpback whale suddenly 3 just meters away. It stayed beside us, 4 lifting its head as if studying us in return. At one 5 moment, the whale turned and directly 6 me — its large, intelligent eye holding mine in a gaze that felt timeless and deeply connecting. Scientists believe such behavior 7 curiosity — a specific attempt to 8 the species divide. During those profound minutes, the whale felt like a conscious being choosing to 9 . This common attentiveness, especially that moment of silent eye contact, transformed the encounter into a(n) 10 beyond words, changing my understanding of interspecies 11 . To me, the whale’s graceful 12 felt like a silent prayer for coexistence, 13 me that we are part of nature. As marine biologist Sylvia Earle once said, “No blue, no green.” Without healthy oceans, there is no healthy 14 . That day, the humpback whale became my 15 , and I was its humble student. 1．A．created B．reshaped C．achieved D．challenged 2．A．preparation B．investigation C．appreciation D．observation 3．A．surfaced B．attacked C．dived D．swam 4．A．apparently B．eventually C．occasionally D．immediately 5．A．anxious B．remarkable C．joyful D．decisive 6．A．sought for B．approved of C．submitted to D．looked at 7．A．releases B．reflects C．awakens D．satisfies 8．A．display B．repair C．explore D．bridge 9．A．reply B．engage C．survive D．withdraw 10．A．dialogue B．conflict C．incident D．mission 11．A．recognition B．cooperation C．distance D．connection 12．A．figure B．reaction C．presence D．encounter 13．A．warning B．reminding C．informing D．guaranteeing 14．A．future B．life C．planet D．climate 15．A．follower B．partner C．admirer D．teacher 【答案】 1．B 2．D 3．A 4．C 5．B 6．D 7．B 8．D 9．B 10．A 11．D 12．C 13．B 14．C 15．D 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者在阿拉斯加湾与驼背鲸相遇的经历，以及这次邂逅对其认知自然和物种关系的深刻影响。 1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我与一头驼背鲸的亲身邂逅，重塑了我对自然世界以及自己在其中所处位置的理解。A. created创造；B. reshaped重塑；C. achieved实现；D. challenged挑战。根据后文“changing my understanding of interspecies connection”可知，这次邂逅彻底改变了作者的认知，即重塑了理解。故选B项。 2．考查名词词义辨析。句意：经过数小时耐心的观察，一头巨大的驼背鲸突然在几米外浮出水面。A. preparation准备；B. investigation调查；C. appreciation欣赏；D. observation观察。根据前文“research ship”和研究背景，可知作者一行人在进行观察工作。故选D项。 3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：经过数小时耐心的观察，一头巨大的驼背鲸突然在几米外浮出水面。A. surfaced浮出水面；B. attacked攻击；C. dived潜水；D. swam游泳。根据后文“stayed beside us, 4 lifting its head”可知，鲸鱼从水下出来停在船边。故选A项。 4．考查副词词义辨析。句意：它停在我们旁边，偶尔抬起头，仿佛也在研究我们。A. apparently显然地；B. eventually最终；C. occasionally偶尔；D. immediately立刻。根据后文“lifting its head”可知，根据鲸鱼的自然行为，抬起头的动作应是偶尔发生的。故选C项。 5．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在那个非凡的时刻，鲸鱼转过身，径直看着我——它那双巨大而聪慧的眼睛与我对视，那目光感觉永恒而又紧密相连。A. anxious焦虑的；B. remarkable非凡的；C. joyful快乐的；D. decisive决定性的。根据后文“timeless and deeply connecting”可知，这个对视的时刻是意义非凡的。故选B项。 6．考查动词短语辨析。句意：在那个非凡的时刻，鲸鱼转过身，径直看着我——它那双巨大而聪慧的眼睛与我对视，那目光感觉永恒而又紧密相连。A. sought for寻找；B. approved of赞成；C. submitted to屈服；D. looked at看着。根据后文“its large, intelligent eye holding mine in a gaze”可知，鲸鱼正看着作者。故选D项。 7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：科学家认为，这种行为反映了好奇心——一种跨越物种界限的特定尝试。A. releases释放；B. reflects反映；C. awakens唤醒；D. satisfies满足。根据前文“Scientists believe such behavior”以及后文“curiosity”可知，科学家的研究结论，鲸鱼的行为是其好奇心的外在表现。故选B项。 8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：科学家认为，这种行为反映了好奇心——一种跨越物种界限的特定尝试。A. display展示；B. repair修理；C. explore探索；D. bridge跨越。根据后文“the species divide”和前文“deeply connecting”可知，鲸鱼的行为是在拉近物种间的距离，跨越界限。故选D项。 9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在那些意义深远的几分钟里，这头鲸鱼就像一个有意识的生命，选择与之互动。A. reply回应；B. engage互动；C. survive生存；D. withdraw退缩。根据前文“At one ____5____ moment, the whale turned and directly ____6____ me — its large, intelligent eye holding mine in a gaze that felt timeless and deeply connecting.”鲸鱼的观察、对视等行为，可知它在主动与作者互动。故选B项。 10．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这种共同的关注，尤其是那个无声对视的瞬间，将这次邂逅变成了一场难以言喻的对话，改变了我对物种间联系的理解。A. dialogue对话；B. conflict冲突；C. incident事件；D. mission任务。根据前文“eye contact”和“deeply connecting”可知，这是物种间无需言语的交流对话。故选A项。 11．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这种共同的关注，尤其是那个无声对视的瞬间，将这次邂逅变成了一场难以言喻的对话，改变了我对物种间联系的理解。A. recognition认可；B. cooperation合作；C. distance距离；D. connection联系。结合前文“deeply connecting”和对视的互动，可知此处指物种间的联系。故选D项。 12．考查名词词义辨析。句意：对我来说，鲸鱼优雅的存在仿佛是对共存的无声祈祷，提醒着我我们是自然的一部分。A. figure身影；B. reaction反应；C. presence存在；D. encounter邂逅。根据鲸鱼的整体状态和后文“silent prayer for coexistence”，可知此处强调鲸鱼本身的存在所传递的意义。故选C项。 13．考查动词词义辨析。句意：对我来说，鲸鱼优雅的存在仿佛是对共存的无声祈祷，提醒着我我们是自然的一部分。A. warning警告；B. reminding提醒；C. informing告知；D. guaranteeing保证。根据后文“we are part of nature.”可知，鲸鱼的存在和这次邂逅让作者意识到自身与自然的关系，即提醒作者这一事实。故选B项。 14．考查名词词义辨析。句意：没有健康的海洋，就没有健康的地球。A. future未来；B. life生命；C. planet地球；D. climate气候。根据前文“No blue, no green.”可知，蓝色指海洋，绿色指陆地植被，共同构成地球生态。故选C项。 15．考查名词词义辨析。句意：那天，这头驼背鲸成了我的老师，而我是它谦逊的学生。A. follower追随者；B. partner伙伴；C. admirer崇拜者；D. teacher老师。根据后文“I was its humble student”可知，鲸鱼是作者的老师。故选D项。 Passage 2 （25·江苏南京）I used to take my grandmother’s weekly phone calls for granted(认为理所当然). Every Sunday evening, she would call to ask about my life, and I would give brief responses while multitasking. To me, it was just a routine(常规，惯例). Everything changed when my grandfather passed away. In the 1 that followed, I noticed how lonely Grandma sounded. One Sunday, she didn’t call. Feeling 2 , I called her instead. Her voice brightened immediately, and we talked for an hour. That call became our new 3 . I began to truly listen to her stories about the past — how she and Grandpa met, their struggles, and their dreams. Through these conversations, I gained a deeper 4 of our family history and her wisdom. One evening, she 5 mentioned wanting to learn how to use a smartphone to view photos of our family trips. I saw this as a(n) 6 to give back. The next weekend, I 7 to grandmother’s with a brand-new phone and a detailed plan to teach her. The learning process was 8 at first. She often forgot the steps and felt discouraged. But I remembered her 9 with me when I was a child learning to read. So I practiced the same patience with her. After weeks of practice, my grandmother 10 it. Her face lit up when she 11 opened her first photo album on the phone. “I feel connected to your world now,” she said tearfully. At that moment, I realized this wasn’t just about teaching technology; it was about 12 generations. The experience taught me family bonds need continuous 13 . We must actively 14 time to strengthen these relationships. Now, I not only call Grandma regularly but also visit her more often. She always says our conversations are the highlight of her week, but little does she know that she is also a precious 15 in my life. 1．A．emergency B．silence C．recovery D．response 2．A．awkward B．guilty C．concerned D．secure 3．A．habit B．basis C．trick D．medium 4．A．realization B．quality C．measure D．understanding 5．A．accidentally B．definitely C．proudly D．equally 6．A．task B．challenge C．opportunity D．lesson 7．A．struggled B．responded C．behaved D．headed 8．A．smooth B．discouraging C．enjoyable D．similar 9．A．behavior B．patience C．opinion D．judgment 10．A．recognize B．ignore C．escape D．made 11．A．simply B．suddenly C．finally D．casually 12．A．contacting B．respecting C．bridging D．protecting 13．A．benefit B．effort C．comfort D．joy 14．A．take off B．take on C．get over D．set aside 15．A．gift B．theme C．memory D．imagination 【答案】 1．B 2．C 3．A 4．D 5．A 6．C 7．D 8．B 9．B 10．D 11．C 12．C 13．B 14．D 15．A 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了“我”曾经对祖母每周的电话敷衍了事，祖父去世后“我”才意识到祖母的孤独，进而主动陪伴她、教她使用智能手机，最终深刻体会到家庭纽带需要持续努力维护的故事。    1．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在随后的沉寂中，我注意到祖母的声音听起来多么孤独。A. emergency紧急情况；B. silence沉寂；C. recovery恢复；D. response回应。根据前文“Everything changed when my grandfather passed away(祖父去世后，一切都变了)”可知，亲人离世后周围会陷入冷清的沉寂，且后文“I noticed how lonely Grandma sounded.(我注意到祖母的声音听起来多么孤独。)”也印证了这种沉寂带来的孤独感。故选B。   2．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：感到担心，我反而给她打了电话。A. awkward尴尬的；B. guilty内疚的；C. concerned担心的；D. secure安心的。根据前文“Every Sunday evening, she would call(她每周日晚上都会打电话)”和“One Sunday, she didn’t call(有一个周日，她没有打电话)”可知，祖母打破了每周通话的惯例，“我”因此产生了担忧。故选C。    3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：那次通话成为了我们新的习惯。A. habit习惯；B. basis基础；C. trick技巧；D. medium媒介。根据前文“it was just a routine(这只是一种惯例)”和“we talked for an hour(我们聊了一个小时)”可知，之前的通话只是惯例，这次主动通话后形成了新的固定行为模式，即习惯。故选A。 4．考查名词词义辨析。句意：通过这些对话，我对我们的家族历史和她的智慧有了更深的理解。A. realization意识；B. quality品质；C. measure措施；D. understanding理解。根据前文“I began to truly listen to her stories about the past(我开始真正倾听她讲述过去的故事)”可知，倾听故事的过程会让人对相关内容产生更深入的认知和理解。故选D。 5．考查副词词义辨析。句意：一天晚上，她偶然提到想学习如何使用智能手机查看我们家庭旅行的照片。A. accidentally偶然地；B. definitely明确地；C. proudly骄傲地；D. equally同样地。根据后文“I saw this as a(n) ____6____ to give back”可知，祖母的提及并非刻意为之，而是不经意间的表达。故选A。    6．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我把这看作是一个回报她的机会。A. task任务；B. challenge挑战；C. opportunity机会；D. lesson教训。根据前文“she would call to ask about my life(她会打电话询问我的生活)”可知，祖母一直关心“我”，现在她有学习手机的需求，“我”认为这是回报她的机会。故选C。   7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：第二个周末，我带着一部全新的手机和详细的教学计划前往祖母家。A. struggled挣扎；B. responded回应；C. behaved表现；D. headed前往。根据后文“to grandmother’s with a brand-new phone and a detailed plan to teach her”可知，“我”的目的地是祖母家，head to 表示“前往”，符合语境。故选D。    8．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：起初的学习过程令人泄气。A. smooth顺利的；B. discouraging令人泄气的；C. enjoyable愉快的；D. similar相似的。根据后文“She often forgot the steps and felt discouraged(她经常忘记步骤，感到沮丧)”可知，祖母初期学习并不顺利，过程让人感到泄气。故选B。   9．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但我记得我小时候学习读书时她对我的耐心。A. behavior行为；B. patience耐心；C. opinion观点；D. judgment判断。根据后文“So I practiced the same patience with her(所以我对她也表现出了同样的耐心)”可知，“我”现在的耐心是效仿祖母当年对“我”的态度，前后形成呼应。故选B。 10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：经过几周的练习，我的祖母成功做到了。A. recognize认出；B. ignore忽视；C. escape逃脱；D. made成功（做到、到达）。根据后文“Her face lit up when she ____11____ opened her first photo album on the phone”可知，祖母最终学会了使用手机，make it 是固定短语，意为“成功做到”。故选D。 11．考查副词词义辨析。句意：当她终于在手机上打开她的第一个相册时，她的脸上露出了笑容。A. simply简单地，仅仅；B. suddenly突然地；C. finally终于；D. casually随意地。根据前文“After weeks of practice(经过几周的练习)”可知，祖母的学习过程持续了一段时间，现在终于达成目标，“finally”体现了这一过程的不易。故选C。 12．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在那一刻，我意识到这不仅仅是关于教授技术；这是关于弥合代际差距。A. contacting联系；B. respecting尊重；C. bridging弥合；D. protecting保护。根据前文“I feel connected to your world now(我现在感觉和你的世界连接起来了)”可知，教祖母用手机让祖孙之间的距离更近，打破了代际隔阂，bridge 有“弥合、连接”之意。故选C。 13．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这段经历告诉我，家庭纽带需要持续的努力。A. benefit益处；B. effort努力；C. comfort安慰；D. joy快乐。根据后文“We must actively ____14____ time to strengthen these relationships”可知，维护家庭关系需要主动付出行动和努力。故选B。 14．考查动词短语辨析。句意：我们必须主动腾出时间来加强这些关系。A. take off起飞；B. take on承担；C. get over克服；D. set aside留出。根据前文“family bonds need continuous effort(家庭纽带需要持续的努力)”可知，要维护家庭关系，就需要特意腾出时间，set aside time 表示“留出时间”，符合语境。故选D。 15．考查名词词义辨析。句意：她总是说我们的聊天是她一周中最精彩的部分，但她不知道，她也是我生命中珍贵的礼物。A. gift礼物；B. theme主题；C. memory记忆；D. imagination想象力。根据前文“Through these conversations, I gained a deeper ____4____ of our family history and her wisdom”可知，祖母带给“我”很多收获，对“我”而言是珍贵的存在，如同礼物一般。将祖母比作生命中的“礼物”，表达了作者对祖母的珍视和爱。 故选A。    2、 阅读理解 Passage 1 （25·湖北十堰）Water is the source of life. It plays an important part in our life, Without which we humans couldn’t live. In January, an Arizona desert community found itself in a terrible situation: The water was cut off. Rio Verde Foothills is made up of about 2,000 homes. For years, many in the community have depended on water trucked in from the nearby city of Scottsdale, which gets its water from the Colorado River. But the river is drying up. Now some people in Rio Verde Foothills must look after themselves. Arizona has increasingly pumped(用泵抽吸) water from underground, but that provides less than half of what the state needs. Some experts say the solution is to import water from outside of the state. One idea is to build a $5.5 billion desalination(海水淡化) factory on Mexico’s Sea of Cortez. Supporters say this could solve the problem for many years. However, some people see a different future. Imported water could damage the environment. Margaret Wilder is a professor at the University of Arizona, in Tucson. She warns that big projects like this one could be used to support or excuse the desert in the future. Environmentalists say the desalination project would harm the planet in several ways. Some of the salt taken out of the Sea of Cortez might end up back in the ocean, harming wildlife, The pipeline would damage land where people and animals live. And the desalination process would drain lots of energy. This would create greenhouse gases. As more water problems like the one in Rio Verde Foothills crop up, Wilder says she’s hopeful that Arizona will understand the risks of never-ending expansion(扩大) into the desert. People in Tucson, Arizona, have found a solution to the city’s water shortage: rainwater. Thousands of households are collecting it and using it for cooking, for drinking, and in their gardens. Government leaders have taken notice. The city now requires publicly built roads to collect stormwater. Tucson also helps residents pay for equipment that collects rainwater for home use. 1．Why is the water in the Rio Verde Foothills community getting less? A．People have been using too much water during their daily life. B．The population in this area is getting larger and larger C．The water from the Colorado River is becoming dry D．The nearby city has cut off its water supply. 2．What’s the Wilder’s attitude to the desalination factory? A．Doubtful. B．Thankful. C．Confident. D．Uninterested. 3．What does the underlined word “drain” in paragraph 3 mean? A．cost. B．provide. C．save. D．store. 4．What is the government of Tucson doing to solve its problem? A．Inventing new equipment to reuse water. B．Limiting the number of homes that can be built. C．Encouraging people to collect and use rainwater. D．Increasing the amount of water pumped from underground. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．A 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文主要讲述了水资源短缺的问题，以及人们为解决水资源短缺问题所采取的措施。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“For years, many in the community have depended on water trucked in from the nearby city of Scottsdale, which gets its water from the Colorado River. But the river is drying up.(多年来，社区里的许多人都依靠从附近Scottsdale市运来的水，这些水来自科罗拉多河。但是这条河正在干涸。)”可知，供应它的河流里的水越来越少是造成水资源短缺的主要原因。故选C。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段中“Margaret Wilder is a professor at the University of Arizona, in Tucson. She warns that big projects like this one could be used to support or excuse the desert in the future.(Margaret Wilder是Tucson市University of Arizona大学的一名教授。她警告称，此类大型项目未来可能会被用来支持开发沙漠，或是为破坏沙漠的行为找借口。)”可知，Wilder对海水淡化厂的态度是怀疑的。故选A。 3．词句猜测题。根据第三段中“Some of the salt taken out of the Sea of Cortez might end up back in the ocean, harming wildlife. The pipeline would damage land where people and animals live. And the desalination process would drain lots of energy. This would create greenhouse gases.(从Sea of Cortez中提取的一些盐可能最终会回到海洋中，伤害野生动物。管道将破坏人类和动物居住的土地。海水淡化过程需要_____大量的能源。这将产生温室气体。)”可知，这里均表示负面影响的词汇，所以这里drain表“消耗；花费”的意思，与A项cost“消耗”词义一致。故选A。 4．细节理解题。根据第五段中“Thousands of households are collecting it and using it for cooking, for drinking, and in their gardens. The city now requires publicly built roads to collect stormwater.(成千上万的家庭正在收集雨水，并将其用于烹饪、饮用和花园中。该市现在要求公共修建的道路必须具备收集雨水（暴雨水）的功能。)”可知，Tucson市政府鼓励人们收集和使用雨水。故选C。 Passage 2 （25·江苏南京）Growing crops in piling rows indoors under controllable artificial lights can produce more food per square foot while using less land and water than traditional outdoor farms. But this vertical farming technique is also energy intensive and expensive. Researchers are now finding that adjusting light to cater to the unique requirements of each crop can promote stronger, healthier growth and simultaneously cut down on energy use. Researchers have developed a computer program that can control lighting to better both photosynthesis and electric bills. The computer program adjusts the intensity of grow lights hourly based on the changing cost of electricity. This “smart lighting” could potentially cut vertical farms’ electricity costs by up to 12 percent, says Leo Marcells, leader of the research team. Such savings could lead to tens of thousands of dollars in annual cost reductions, backed by data from the 2021 Global CEA Census Report — a survey of the indoor and controlled environment agriculture industry. But how might indoor crops grow well under dynamic lighting? Marcells and his colleagues tested how leafy greens reacted to light patterns that changed hourly. Plants were exposed to varying light intensities: one group of plants grew under high-then-low intensity lighting intervals, while another enjoyed brighter mornings — and dimmer afternoons. Interestingly, both conditions resulted in leaves and mature weights similar to those grown under standard fixed lighting. While the new program operated without predetermined lighting conditions, Marcells indicates there is potential for reducing electricity costs. Continued research that tests dynamic lighting on larger scales is needed, as the research was carried out at the singleplant level, but not yet at the whole crop stand level, mentioned Marcells. He also cautions against expecting immediate benefits from dynamic lighting for vertical farming. Other critical issues remain to be resolved before vertical farming can help feed the world. 1．What does the underlined word “intensive” mean in paragraph 1? A．Effective. B．Efficient. C．Challenging. D．Consuming. 2．What influences the adjustments of grow light intensity? A．Variations in power costs. B．Growth stages of the crops. C．Outdoor lighting conditions. D．Changing electricity supplies. 3．What did researchers find about indoor crops? A．They grow better under fixed lighting. B．They remain uninfluenced by sunlight. C．They react similarly to varying light patterns. D．They output more under dynamic lighting. 4．What may Marcelis agree with? A．The new program helps save on electricity bills. B．There are still some limitations in the research. C．Vertical farming will be a major trend in the future. D．Dynamic lighting is a useful way to get rid of hunger. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．C 4．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文介绍了垂直农业的相关信息，包括其优缺点、开发智能照明计算机程序以解决能源成本问题，以及室内作物对不同照明条件的反应研究结果。 1．词句猜测题。根据第一段中“But this vertical farming technique is also energy intensive and expensive(但这种垂直农业技术也是能量intensive且成本高昂)”可知，intensive与expensive并列，描述垂直农业的缺点，结合选项可知，Consuming(消耗量大的)可与expensive并列，说明垂直农业的缺点。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中“The computer program adjusts the intensity of grow lights hourly based on the changing cost of electricity.(该计算机程序会根据不断变化的电费，每小时调整生长灯的亮度)”可知，生长灯亮度的调整受电费变化影响。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段中“one group of plants grew under high-then-low intensity lighting intervals, while another enjoyed brighter mornings — and dimmer afternoons. Interestingly, both conditions resulted in leaves and mature weights similar to those grown under standard fixed lighting.(一组植物在高强度 - 低强度交替的灯光下生长，另一组则在早晨明亮、下午昏暗的灯光下生长。有趣的是，这两种条件下长出的叶子和成熟后的重量，与在标准固定灯光下生长的植物相似)”可知，室内作物对不同灯光模式的反应相似。故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据第五段中“Continued research that tests dynamic lighting on larger scales is needed, as the research was carried out at the singleplant level, but not yet at the whole crop stand level, mentioned Marcells. He also cautions against expecting immediate benefits from dynamic lighting for vertical farming. Other critical issues remain to be resolved before vertical farming can help feed the world.(马塞尔斯说，需要继续研究在更大范围内测试动态照明，因为研究是在单株水平上进行的，而不是在整个作物群体水平上进行的。他还警告说，不要指望动态照明对垂直农业有立竿见影的好处。在垂直农业能够帮助养活世界之前，还有其他关键问题有待解决)”可知，Marcelis认为该研究仍存在局限性。故选B。 Passage 3 （25·湖北武汉）If you shop in supermarkets now, you may see many foods with big “protein” signs on black packages. These include powders, bars, yogurt, bread, and even coffee. Many people buy more protein for fitness and health, but marketing can influence our choices. Colors on packages send signals. Green suggests natural, red and yellow suggest energy, and blue suggests coolness. Today, black often signals protein and an excellent image. This can create a “health halo (光环),” where one good feature makes the whole food seem healthy. With protein, this halo can hide added sugar or fat and make us pay more. Protein shortage is hardly common in wealthy countries, and too much protein is possible. If you want more protein, choose foods that give better value. Animal foods like meat, fish, poultry, eggs, and cheese usually provide 11-32 grams per 100 grams. A chicken breast gives about 60 grams, a can of tuna gives about 22 grams, a 170-gram tub of Greek yogurt gives about 17 grams, and two eggs give about 12 grams. Chicken often gives more than 30 grams of protein per dollar. You do not need animal foods to meet your needs. Plant foods can be very cost-friendly. Legumes like beans or soybeans give about 9 grams per 100 grams and often about 20 grams of protein per dollar. Peanuts at $6/kg give about 42 grams per dollar. Oats at $3/kg give about 33 grams per dollar. Nuts, seeds, and even a cup of frozen peas also add useful protein. In comparison, many protein bars give only 6-8 grams per dollar. Bottom line: do not rely on colors and slogans. Read the nutrition (营养) label and choose a variety of fresh, minimally processed foods to get enough protein and micronutrients without overspending. 1．According to the passage, what is a possible risk concerned with the “health halo” created by black protein packaging? A．It makes the food appear more natural and environmentally friendly. B．It may hide the presence of unhealthy things like added sugar or fat. C．It greatly increases the actual protein content of the food product. D．It causes people in wealthy countries to suffer from protein shortage. 2．According to the passage, which of the following foods offers the most protein per dollar? A．Chicken. B．Legumes. C．Peanuts. D．Protein bars. 3．What is the main message of the passage? A．Protein is the most important nutrient for human health. B．People should avoid eating animal foods to get protein. C．Do not be misled by packaging: choose fresh and various foods wisely. D．Black packaging means the product is great and high in protein. 4．What is the author’s attitude toward protein-labeled products? A．Fully supportive. B．Objective and careful. C．Uninterested. D．Practical. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．C 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了黑色蛋白质包装可能带来的“健康光环”效应及其潜在风险，比较了不同食物每美元所提供的蛋白质含量，并给出了选择蛋白质来源的建议。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Colors on packages send signals. Green suggests natural, red and yellow suggest energy, and blue suggests coolness. Today, black often signals protein and an excellent image. This can create a “health halo (光环),” where one good feature makes the whole food seem healthy. With protein, this halo can hide added sugar or fat and make us pay more.(包装色彩会传递信号：绿色象征天然，红黄色暗示活力，蓝色代表清爽。如今黑色常传递蛋白质与高端形象，这种设计会形成“健康光环效应”——某个优点让整体食品显得健康。对于蛋白质食品，这种光环可能掩盖添加糖或脂肪，让我们支付更高价格)”可知，黑色蛋白质包装创造的“健康光环”可能会掩盖添加的糖或脂肪等不健康成分的存在。故选B项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Chicken often gives more than 30 grams of protein per dollar.(鸡肉通常每美元提供超过30克的蛋白质)”；第四段中“Legumes like beans or soybeans give about 9 grams per 100 grams and often about 20 grams of protein per dollar.(豆类，如豆子或大豆，每100克提供约9克蛋白质，通常每美元提供约20克蛋白质)”、“Peanuts a $6/kg give about 42 grams per dollar.(花生每公斤6美元，每美元提供约42克蛋白质)”和“In comparison, many protein bars give only 6-8 grams per dollar.(相比之下，许多蛋白质棒每美元只提供6-8克蛋白质)”可知，花生每美元提供的蛋白质最多。故选C项。 3．主旨大意题。通读全文，结合最后一段“Bottom line: do not rely on colors and slogans. Read the nutrition (营养) label and choose a variety of fresh, minimally processed foods to get enough protein and micronutrients without overspending.(底线是：不要依赖颜色和口号。阅读营养标签，选择各种新鲜、加工最少的食物，以获得足够的蛋白质和微量营养素，而不会超支)”可知，文章的主要传递的信息是不要被包装所误导，要明智地选择新鲜和多样化的食物。故选C项。 4．推理判断题。根据第二段中“With protein, this halo can hide added sugar or fat and make us pay more. Protein shortage is hardly common in wealthy countries, and too much protein is possible.(对于蛋白质来说，这种光环可以掩盖添加的糖或脂肪，让我们支付更多的钱。蛋白质短缺在富裕国家并不常见，而蛋白质过多是有可能的)”、第三段中“If you want more protein, choose foods that give better value.(如果你想要更多的蛋白质，选择更有价值的食物)”、第四段中“You do not need animal foods to meet your needs. Plant foods can be very cost-friendly.(你不需要动物性食物来满足你的需求。植物性食物可以非常划算)”和最后一段中“Bottom line: do not rely on colors and slogans. Read the nutrition (营养) label and choose a variety of fresh, minimally processed foods to get enough protein and micronutrients without overspending.(底线是：不要依赖颜色和口号。阅读营养标签，选择各种新鲜、加工最少的食物，以获得足够的蛋白质和微量营养素，而不会超支)”可知，作者指出蛋白质标签产品的“健康光环”效应及其潜在风险，并给出中肯的建议，由此推知，作者对标有蛋白质的产品持客观和谨慎的态度。故选B项。 Passage 4 （25·四川绵阳）People from East Asia tend to have more difficulty than those from Europe in distinguishing facial expressions — and a new report published online in Current Biology explains why. Rachael Jack, University of Glasgow researcher, said that rather than scanning evenly across a face as Westerners do, Easterners fix their attention on the eyes. “We demonstrate that Easterners and Westerners look at different face features to read facial expressions,” Jack said. “Westerners look at the eyes and the mouth in equal measure, whereas Easterners favor the eyes and overlook the mouth.” According to Jack and her colleagues, the discovery reveals that human communication of emotion is more complex than previously assumed. As a consequence, facial expressions that had been considered universally recognizable cannot be used to reliably convey emotion in cross-cultural situations. The researchers studied cultural differences in the recognition of facial expressions by recording the eye movements of 13 Western Caucasian and 13 East Asian people while they observed pictures of expressive faces and put them into categories: happy, sorrowful, surprised, fearful, disgusted, angry, or neutral. They compared how accurately participants read those facial expressions using their particular eye movement strategies. It turned out that Easterners focused much greater attention on the eyes and made significantly more errors than Westerners did. “The cultural difference in eye movements that they show is probably a reflection of cultural difference in facial expressions,” Jack said. “Our data suggest that whereas Westerners use the whole face to convey emotion, Easterners use the eyes more and mouth less.” In short, the data indicate that facial expressions are not universal signals of human emotion. From here on, examining how cultural factors have diversified these basic social skills will help our understanding of human emotion. Otherwise, when it comes to communicating emotions across cultures, Easterners and Westerners will find themselves lost in translation. 1．According to the passage, how do Easterners usually look at faces to read expressions? A．They look at the whole face evenly. B．They pay most attention to the eyes. C．They focus equally on the eyes and the mouth. D．They move their attention between different features quickly. 2．What were the subjects asked to do in the study? A．To make their faces impressive. B．To observe the researchers’ faces. C．To classify certain facial images. D．To make their eyes move in a specific pattern. 3．What are Easterners likely to do when compared with Westerners? A．Examine the eyes more attentively. B．Perform translation more skillfully. C．Focus more on the mouth frequently. D．Read facial expressions more accurately. 4．What is the best title for the passage? A．The Eye Serving as a Window into the Soul. B．Cultural Distinctions in Interpreting Emotions. C．How to Promote Cross-cultural Understanding. D．Effective Approaches to Developing Social Skills. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 4．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章说明了研究显示，东亚人与欧洲人解读面部表情存在差异：东亚人更关注眼睛，西方人均衡关注眼和嘴，这导致跨文化情绪沟通易出错，也说明面部表情并非通用情绪信号。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“Westerners look at the eyes and the mouth in equal measure, whereas Easterners favor the eyes and overlook the mouth.(西方人对眼睛和嘴巴的关注程度相同，而东方人则更注重眼睛而忽略嘴巴)”可知，东方人最关注的是眼睛。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段“The researchers studied cultural differences in the recognition of facial expressions by recording the eye movements of 13 Western Caucasian and 13 East Asian people while they observed pictures of expressive faces and put them into categories: happy, sorrowful, surprised, fearful, disgusted, angry, or neutral.(研究人员通过记录13名西方白人和13名东亚人的眼球运动，来研究他们在识别面部表情方面的文化差异。他们让这些人观察一系列具有表情特征的面部图片，并将其归类为：快乐、悲伤、惊讶、恐惧、厌恶、愤怒或中性)”可知，在该研究中，受试者被要求对某些面部图像进行分类。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“It turned out that Easterners focused much greater attention on the eyes and made significantly more errors than Westerners did.(结果表明，东方人更注重观察眼睛这一部位，而且出现错误的几率也明显高于西方人)”可知，与西方人相比，东方人可能会更仔细地观察眼睛。故选A。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“People from East Asia tend to have more difficulty than those from Europe in distinguishing facial expressions — and a new report published online in Current Biology explains why.(东亚人相较于欧洲人，在辨别面部表情方面往往存在更大的困难。而一项发表在《当代生物学》杂志网络版上的新研究报告解释了其中的原因)”结合文章说明了研究显示，东亚人与欧洲人解读面部表情存在差异：东亚人更关注眼睛，西方人均衡关注眼和嘴，这导致跨文化情绪沟通易出错，也说明面部表情并非通用情绪信号。可知，B选项“诠释情绪方面的文化差异”最符合文章标题。故选B。 3 / 3 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $