专题02 语法考点精要： 梳理核心语法点及易错题陷阱（知识清单，广东专用）英语学业水平考试合格考总复习

专题02 语法考点精要：梳理核心语法点及易错题陷阱 一、 动词的时态和语态 1. 一般现在时：表示习惯、客观事实或真理。注意第三人称单数动词加-s/-es。 2. 一般过去时：表示过去某个时间发生的动作或状态。注意规则与不规则动词的过去式。 3. 一般将来时：表示将来发生的动作。常用 will/shall do 或 be going to do 结构。 4. 现在进行时：表示现在或现阶段正在进行的动作。结构为 am/is/are doing。 5. 过去进行时：表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作。结构为 was/were doing。 6. 现在完成时：表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或持续到现在的动作。结构为 have/has done。 7. 过去完成时：表示过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成的动作。结构为 had done。 8. 被动语态：强调动作的承受者。基本结构为 be + 过去分词，注意时态一致。 二、 非谓语动词 1. 动词不定式：to do 形式。可作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语。 2. 动名词：v-ing 形式。具有名词性质，可作主语、宾语、表语。 3. 现在分词：v-ing 形式。具有形容词或副词性质，可作定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语，表示主动或进行。 4. 过去分词：v-ed 形式。具有形容词或副词性质，可作定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语，表示被动或完成。 三、 情态动词 1. can/could：表示能力、可能性、请求或许可。 2. may/might：表示可能性、请求或许可，语气较委婉。 3. must：表示必须、肯定推测。否定形式 mustn't 表示禁止，needn't 表示不必。 4. shall：用于第一人称，表示征求意见或将来。 5. should：表示应该、建议或推测。 6. will/would：表示意愿、请求或习惯性动作。 7. need：表示需要。既可作情态动词，也可作实义动词。 8. 情态动词+have done：表示对过去情况的推测或判断。 四、 主谓一致 1. 语法一致原则：主语为单数形式，谓语动词用单数；主语为复数形式，谓语动词用复数。 2. 意义一致原则：主语形式为单数但意义为复数，谓语动词用复数；反之亦然。 3. 就近原则：由 or, either...or, neither...nor, not only...but also 等连接的主语，谓语动词与靠近的主语保持一致。 4. 集体名词作主语时，强调整体用单数，强调个体成员用复数。 五、 名词性从句 1. 主语从句：在句中作主语的从句。注意谓语动词用单数。 2. 宾语从句：在句中作宾语的从句。注意时态一致和语序。 3. 表语从句：在系动词后作表语的从句。 4. 同位语从句：对抽象名词进行解释说明的从句。 六、 定语从句 1. 关系代词 which：指物，在从句中作主语、宾语。 2. 关系代词 that：指人或物，在从句中作主语、宾语。 3. 关系代词 who/whom：指人，who 作主语，whom 作宾语。 4. 关系代词 whose：指人或物，在从句中作定语。 5. 关系副词 when：表示时间，在从句中作时间状语。 6. 关系副词 where：表示地点，在从句中作地点状语。 7. 关系副词 why：表示原因，在从句中作原因状语。 8. 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别。 七、 状语从句 1. 时间状语从句：由 when, while, as, before, after, until, since 等引导。 2. 地点状语从句：由 where, wherever 等引导。 3. 原因状语从句：由 because, since, as, for 等引导。 4. 目的状语从句：由 so that, in order that 等引导。 5. 结果状语从句：由 so...that, such...that 等引导。 6. 条件状语从句：由 if, unless, as long as 等引导。 7. 让步状语从句：由 though, although, even if, no matter what/how 等引导。 8. 方式状语从句：由 as, as if, as though 等引导。 9. 比较状语从句：由 than, as...as, not so...as 等引导。 八、 虚拟语气 1. 条件句中的虚拟语气：与现在事实相反，从句用过去式，主句用 would/could/should/might do；与过去事实相反，从句用 had done，主句用 would/could/should/might have done；与将来事实相反，从句用 should do/were to do，主句用 would/could/should/might do。 2. 表示命令、建议、要求的动词、名词、形容词后的从句中，谓语动词用 (should) do。 3. wish 后的宾语从句中，表示现在用过去式，表示过去用 had done，表示将来用 would/could do。 4. as if/though 引导的从句中，根据实际情况使用虚拟语气。 九、 倒装句 1. 完全倒装：将整个谓语提到主语前面。常见于地点副词开头或表语前置的句子。 2. 部分倒装：只将助动词、情态动词或系动词提到主语前面。 3. 否定词或短语位于句首时，句子用部分倒装。 4. only 修饰状语位于句首时，句子用部分倒装。 5. so/such...that 结构中，so/such 位于句首时，主句用部分倒装。 十、 强调句 1. It is/was + 被强调部分 + that/who + 句子其余部分。 2. 判断方法：去掉 It is/was...that/who，句子结构仍然完整。 十一、 介词和介词短语 1. 常用介词的基本用法和区别。 2. 介词与动词、形容词、名词的固定搭配。 十二、 连词 1. 并列连词：and, but, or, so, for, yet 等。 2. 从属连词：引导状语从句和名词性从句的连词。 易错题陷阱梳理 1. 时态混用：尤其在宾语从句和条件状语从句中，注意主从句时态呼应。 2. 非谓语动词逻辑主语：注意非谓语动词的动作发出者与句子主语是否一致。 3. 情态动词表推测：对现在/过去的推测，注意使用不同的结构。 4. 主谓一致被修饰语干扰：主语后有 with, as well as 等短语时，谓语动词与主语保持一致。 5. 定语从句关系词选择：根据先行词和在从句中的成分选择正确的关系词。 6. 虚拟语气条件句的时态运用：准确判断与现在、过去、将来事实相反的假设。 7. 倒装句的触发条件：熟悉需要倒装的各种情况，避免遗漏。 8. 强调句与定语从句、主语从句的区别：通过结构分析和成分判断。 9. 介词搭配：积累常见动词、形容词、名词与介词的固定搭配。 10. 近义连词辨析：如 because/since/as, if/whether 等。 一、根据所给词的适当形式填空 1. By the time we arrived, the meeting ________ (start). 【答案】had started 【解析】考查动词时态。句意：我们到达时，会议已经开始了。By the time引导的时间状语从句使用一般过去时，主句动作发生在从句动作之前，即“过去的过去”，应使用过去完成时。 2. The problem ________ (discuss) at the meeting tomorrow. 【答案】will be discussed 【解析】考查动词时态和语态。句意：这个问题将在明天的会议上被讨论。时间状语tomorrow表明用一般将来时，主语problem是动作discuss的承受者，应使用被动语态。 3. He suggested that we ________ (leave) early to avoid the traffic. 【答案】(should) leave 【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：他建议我们早点出发以避开交通拥堵。动词suggest表示“建议”时，其后的宾语从句应使用虚拟语气，谓语动词用“(should) + 动词原形”。 4. Not until yesterday ________ he realize his mistake. 【答案】did 【解析】考查倒装句。句意：直到昨天他才意识到自己的错误。否定词Not until位于句首时，主句应使用部分倒装。根据yesterday判断用一般过去时，故助动词用did。 5. It was in this park ________ I first met her. 【答案】that 【解析】考查强调句。句意：就是在这个公园里我第一次遇见了她。此句为It is/was ... that ... 结构的强调句，强调地点状语in this park。 6. She made a promise ________ she would never be late again. 【答案】that 【解析】考查同位语从句。句意：她许诺说她再也不会迟到了。名词promise后接同位语从句，解释promise的具体内容，且从句成分完整，故用that引导。 7. The book ________ (write) by a famous author is very popular. 【答案】written 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：那位著名作家写的书非常受欢迎。动词write与逻辑主语book之间是被动关系，且表示完成，故用过去分词written作后置定语。 8. You ________ (not need) to come if you are busy. 【答案】needn't 【解析】考查情态动词。句意：如果你忙的话就不必来了。表示“不必”用needn't。 9. Neither the students nor the teacher ________ (be) interested in the activity. 【答案】is 【解析】考查主谓一致。句意：学生们和老师都对这项活动不感兴趣。由neither...nor...连接两个主语时，谓语动词遵循“就近原则”，与靠近的主语the teacher保持一致，故用单数形式is。 10. He is considering ________ (accept) the job offer from that company. 【答案】accepting 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：他正在考虑接受那家公司的工作邀请。动词consider后接动名词作宾语，表示“考虑做某事”。 11. If I ________ (be) you, I would think twice before making the decision. 【答案】were 【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果我是你，我会在做出决定前再三考虑。表示与现在事实相反的假设，if从句的谓语动词用过去式，be动词通常用were。 12. So difficult ________ the problem that nobody could solve it. 【答案】was 【解析】考查倒装句。句意：这个问题如此困难，以至于没人能解决它。So...that...结构中，so及其修饰的成分位于句首时，主句应使用部分倒装。主语是the problem，故将was提前。 13. This is the village ________ he spent his childhood. 【答案】where 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：这就是他度过童年时光的村庄。先行词village在定语从句中作地点状语，故用关系副词where。 14. The number of people who ________ (support) the plan is increasing. 【答案】support 【解析】考查主谓一致。句意：支持这个计划的人数正在增加。定语从句的谓语动词应与先行词people保持一致，people是复数名词，故用support。 15. She seems ________ (know) everything about the incident. 【答案】to know 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：她似乎知道关于这件事的一切。seem后接动词不定式作宾语，seem to do sth.“似乎做某事”。 16. It is important that everyone ________ (attend) the meeting. 【答案】(should) attend 【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：重要的是每个人都应该参加会议。在It is important that...句型中，that从句应使用虚拟语气，谓语动词用“(should) + 动词原形”。 17. Hardly ________ he finished his speech when the audience began to applaud. 【答案】had 【解析】考查倒装句和动词时态。句意：他刚结束演讲，观众就开始鼓掌。Hardly...when...结构中，hardly位于句首时，主句应使用部分倒装，且主句动作发生在从句动作之前，故用过去完成时。 18. I will never forget the days ________ we worked together in London. 【答案】when 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我永远不会忘记我们在伦敦一起工作的那些日子。先行词days在定语从句中作时间状语，故用关系副词when。 19. The computer needs ________ (repair) immediately. 【答案】repairing/to be repaired 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：这台电脑需要立即修理。need后接动名词表示被动意义，相当于不定式的被动式。 20. Only in this way ________ you make progress in your English study. 【答案】can 【解析】考查倒装句。句意：只有通过这种方式，你才能在英语学习中取得进步。“Only + 状语”位于句首时，句子应使用部分倒装。 二、选择题 1. The new policy ________ into effect next month. A. will come B. comes C. came D. has come 【答案】A 【解析】考查动词时态。句意：新政策将在下个月生效。时间状语next month表明用一般将来时。 2. It is required that all applications ________ by Friday. A. are submitted B. be submitted C. will be submitted D. submitted 【答案】B 【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：要求所有的申请必须在周五前提交。在It is required that...句型中，that从句应使用虚拟语气，谓语动词用“(should) + 动词原形”，且applications与submit之间是被动关系。 3. By the end of last year, they ________ more than ten projects. A. completed B. had completed C. have completed D. will complete 【答案】B 【解析】考查动词时态。句意：到去年年底为止，他们已经完成了十多个项目。时间状语By the end of last year表示“到去年年底为止”，主句动作发生在“过去的过去”，应使用过去完成时。 4. The professor, together with his assistants, ________ the experiment. A. are conducting B. is conducting C. conduct D. were conducting 【答案】B 【解析】考查主谓一致。句意：教授正和他的助手们一起进行实验。主语是The professor，together with his assistants是修饰语，不影响主谓一致，故谓语动词用单数形式。 5. She denied ________ anything about the missing documents. A. to know B. knowing C. know D. knew 【答案】B 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：她否认知道任何关于丢失文件的事情。动词deny后接动名词作宾语，deny doing sth.“否认做某事”。 6. If he ________ here now, he would help us solve the problem. A. is B. was C. were D. will be 【答案】C 【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果他现在在这里，他会帮我们解决问题。表示与现在事实相反的假设，if从句的谓语动词用过去式，be动词通常用were。 7. It was in the library ________ she found the reference book she needed. A. that B. where C. which D. when 【答案】A 【解析】考查强调句。句意：就是在图书馆她找到了她需要的参考书。此句为It is/was ... that ... 结构的强调句，强调地点状语in the library。 8. The reason why he was late was ________ he missed the bus. A. because B. why C. that D. which 【答案】C 【解析】考查表语从句。句意：他迟到的原因是他错过了公交车。The reason why... is that...是固定句型，that引导表语从句说明reason的具体内容。 9. Not only ________ interested in the subject, but also all the other students. A. the teacher is B. is the teacher C. the teacher was D. was the teacher 【答案】B 【解析】考查倒装句。句意：不仅老师对这个学科感兴趣，所有其他学生也感兴趣。Not only...but also...结构中，not only位于句首时，其后的句子应使用部分倒装。 10. This is one of the best novels that ________ published this year. A. has been B. have been C. was D. were 【答案】B 【解析】考查主谓一致和动词时态。句意：这是今年出版的最好的小说之一。定语从句的先行词是novels，而不是one，故谓语动词用复数形式，且表示已经完成的动作，用现在完成时。 11. He suggested ________ the meeting until next week. A. to postpone B. postponing C. postpone D. postponed 【答案】B 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：他建议将会议推迟到下周。suggest后接动名词作宾语，suggest doing sth.“建议做某事”。 12. By the time you arrive, I ________ my work. A. will finish B. will have finished C. have finished D. finished 【答案】B 【解析】考查动词时态。句意：等你到达的时候，我将已经完成我的工作了。By the time引导的时间状语从句用一般现在时表示将来，主句动作在将来某个时间之前完成，应使用将来完成时。 13. The house requires ________ because it is too old. A. to repair B. being repaired C. repairing D. repaired 【答案】C 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：这房子需要修理，因为它太旧了。require后接动名词表示被动意义，相当于不定式的被动式。 14. It is high time that we ________ measures to protect the environment. A. take B. took C. will take D. have taken 【答案】B 【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：现在是我们采取措施保护环境的时候了。It is high time that...句型中，that从句应使用虚拟语气，谓语动词用过去式。 15. So fast ________ that it's difficult to imagine its speed. A. light travel B. travels light C. does light travel D. light travels 【答案】C 【解析】考查倒装句。句意：光传播得如此之快，以至于很难想象它的速度。So...that...结构中，so及其修饰的成分位于句首时，主句应使用部分倒装。 16. I have no idea ________ he will agree to our plan or not. A. if B. whether C. that D. which 【答案】B 【解析】考查同位语从句。句意：我不知道他是否会同意我们的计划。idea后接同位语从句，且从句中有or not，故用whether引导。 17. The number of people invited ________ fifty, but a number of them ________ absent for different reasons. A. were; was B. was; was C. was; were D. were; were 【答案】C 【解析】考查主谓一致。句意：被邀请的人数是五十，但他们中有很多人因各种原因缺席了。The number of...作主语，谓语动词用单数；a number of...作主语，谓语动词用复数。 18. Only when you have acquired a good knowledge of grammar ________ write correctly. A. you will B. you can C. can you D. can't you 【答案】C 【解析】考查倒装句。句意：只有当你掌握了良好的语法知识，你才能正确地写作。“Only + 状语从句”位于句首时，主句应使用部分倒装。 19. It is necessary that he ________ the task before Friday. A. finishes B. finish C. finished D. will finish 【答案】B 【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：他必须在周五前完成这个任务。在It is necessary that...句型中，that从句应使用虚拟语气，谓语动词用“(should) + 动词原形”。 20. This is the very book ________ I've been looking for all this year. A. that B. which C. what D. as 【答案】A 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：这就是我这一整年一直在找的那本书。当先行词被the very, the only, the last等修饰时，关系代词通常用that。 三、阅读理解 A （2019年1月广东省普通高中学业水平考试英语试卷） Once there was a woman who was greatly disturbed by her husband. He seemed to care little about her. So the woman took her trouble to the local magician. She told him her story, full of pity for herself. " Can you give me some magic powers to make him love me again? ” she asked anxiously. The magician thought for a moment and replied,“ I will help you, but first you must bring to me three hairs from a living lion. These! Must have before I can give you my magic powers.” There was indeed a lion that often came near to the village. It was frightening. The woman thought again and again and at last she had an idea. The next morning she took a young sheep and waited anxiously. When she saw the lion approaching, she left the sheep in the path of the lion quickly and went back home. So it happened that, every day early in the morning, the woman would rise and take a young sheep to the lion. Gradually the lion came to know the woman. Seeing the lion's trust in her, the woman carefully pulled three hairs from it and set out for the magicians house “Look, "she said happily as she entered, " here they are! "And she gave him the three hairs. “How did you make it ?"asked the magician in surprise. The woman told him the whole story. A smile spread over the magicians face. "You may treat your husband the same way you've treated the lion, "he said 1. What was the woman’s problem according to Paragraph 1? A. Her husband took no notice of her. B. The woman was afraid of her husband. C. Her husband always got her into trouble. D. The woman and her husband had a hard life. 2. Whom did the woman ask for help? A. a sheep. B. a lion. C. A magician D. Her husband. 3. Before she got the magic power, the woman had to . A. make magic powers with the magician B. get three hairs from a living lion C. rive the lion away from the village D. leave a sheep in the path of the lion 4. Why did the woman take a sheep to the lions? A. To confuse the lion. B. To catch the lion. C. To get the lions trust. D. To show her pity for the lion 5. What is the best title from the passage? A. An Honest Magician B. Husband and Wife C. An angry Lion D. Good Advice 【答案】1. A 2. C 3. B 4. C 5. D 【解析】 【分析】 本文是一篇记叙文。通过本文故事，魔术师为女士提供了“好建议”。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段第二句He seemed to care little about her.可知，她丈夫不理睬她。故选A。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段第一句So the woman took her trouble to the local magician.可知，这位女士向一位魔术师求助。故选C。 【3题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中I will help you, but first you must bring to me three hairs from a living lion.可知，在获得魔力之前，女人必须从一头活狮子身上得到三根头发。故选B。 【4题详解】 推理判断题。根据第五段中The next morning she took a young sheep and waited anxiously. When she saw the lion approaching, she left the sheep in the path of the lion quickly and went back home. ---Gradually the lion came to know the woman. Seeing the lion's trust in her,可知，女人之所以把羊带到狮子那里是为了得到狮子的信任。故选C。 【5题详解】 主旨大意题。根据最后一段The woman told him the whole story. A smile spread over the magicians face. "You may treat your husband the same way you've treated the lion, "he said可知，通过本文故事，这是魔术师为女士提供的“好建议”。故选D。 【点睛】概括主旨的方法是：先看首尾或各段开头再看全文找主题句，若无明显主题句，就通过关键词句来概括(如议论文中寻找表达作者观点态度的词句，记叙文寻找概括情节和中心的动词或反映人物特点的形容词)。本题第5题，根据最后一段The woman told him the whole story. A smile spread over the magicians face. "You may treat your husband the same way you've treated the lion, "he said可知，通过本文故事，这是魔术师为女士提供的“好建议”。故选D。 B （2025年云南省第一次普通高中学业水平合格性考试英语仿真模拟试卷02） The field of gene editing has witnessed remarkable progress in recent years, with CRISPR - Cas9 being the most prominent technique. CRISPR - Cas9 is a revolutionary gene - editing tool that allows scientists to make precise changes to an organism's DNA. This technology has the potential to treat genetic diseases by correcting faulty genes. For example, it could be used to cure diseases like sickle - cell anemia and cystic fibrosis. In addition to medical applications, CRISPR - Cas9 has implications for agriculture. Scientists can use it to develop crops that are more resistant to pests, diseases, and environmental stresses. However, the use of CRISPR - Cas9 also raises serious ethical concerns. One of the main issues is the possibility of creating "designer babies." If gene editing is used to enhance certain traits such as intelligence or physical appearance, it could lead to a new form of eugenics. There are also concerns about the unintended consequences of gene editing, such as off - target effects that could cause new health problems. 6.What is CRISPR - Cas9? A. A traditional medical treatment method. B. A gene - editing tool that can make precise changes to DNA. C. A type of genetic disease. D. A new agricultural product. 7.What are the potential applications of CRISPR - Cas9? A. Treating genetic diseases and improving agriculture. B. Only for creating more beautiful people. C. Only for making more money. D. Only for creating new diseases. 8.What are the ethical concerns of using CRISPR - Cas9? A. Creating "designer babies" and unintended consequences. B. It is too expensive. C. It is too difficult to use. D. It is not accurate enough. 9.What could off - target effects of gene editing cause? A. More crops. B. More beautiful people. C. More intelligent people. D. New health problems. 【答案】6.B 7.A 8.A 9.C 【导语】本文主要介绍了基因编辑领域近年来取得的显著进展，重点阐述了 CRISPR - Cas9 这一最为突出的基因编辑技术。首先说明了 CRISPR - Cas9 是一种能让科学家对生物体 DNA 进行精确改变的革命性工具，接着讲述了它在治疗遗传疾病（如镰状细胞贫血和囊性纤维化等）以及农业领域（培育更抗病虫害、抗环境压力的农作物）的潜在应用，最后指出使用 CRISPR - Cas9 引发了严重的伦理担忧，如可能创造 “定制婴儿” 以及存在脱靶效应等可能导致新健康问题的意外后果。 解析 6 题：本题为细节理解题。根据文中 “CRISPR - Cas9 is a revolutionary gene - editing tool that allows scientists to make precise changes to an organism's DNA.” 可知，CRISPR - Cas9 是一种能对 DNA 进行精确改变的基因编辑工具，所以答案为 B。A 选项 “传统医疗治疗方法”、C 选项 “一种遗传疾病”、D 选项 “一种新农产品” 均不符合对 CRISPR - Cas9 的定义描述，所以错误。 7 题：本题同样是细节理解题。由 “This technology has the potential to treat genetic diseases by correcting faulty genes. In addition to medical applications, CRISPR - Cas9 has implications for agriculture.” 可知，CRISPR - Cas9 的潜在应用包括治疗遗传疾病以及在农业方面的应用，答案为 A。B 选项 “仅用于创造更漂亮的人”、C 选项 “仅用于赚更多钱”、D 选项 “仅用于创造新疾病” 都与原文表述的其正常应用范围不符，所以错误。 8 题：本题还是细节理解题。根据 “However, the use of CRISPR - Cas9 also raises serious ethical concerns. One of the main issues is the possibility of creating "designer babies." There are also concerns about the unintended consequences of gene editing, such as off - target effects that could cause new health problems.” 可知，使用 CRISPR - Cas9 的伦理担忧包括可能创造 “定制婴儿” 以及基因编辑的意外后果（如脱靶效应可能导致新健康问题），答案为 A。B 选项 “太贵”、C 选项 “太难使用”、D 选项 “不够准确” 都不是文中提及的主要伦理担忧内容，所以错误。 9 题：本题为细节理解题。由 “There are also concerns about the unintended consequences of gene editing, such as off - target effects that could cause new health problems.” 可知，基因编辑的脱靶效应可能导致新健康问题，所以答案为 C。A 选项 “更聪明的人”、B 选项 “更漂亮的人”、D 选项 “更多农作物” 都与脱靶效应可能导致的结果不符，所以错误。 C （2025年云南省第一次普通高中学业水平合格性考试英语仿真模拟试卷01） How to improve your memory? It's a question many people are interested in, especially as we age or when we have a lot to learn. Here are some strategies that can help. One important method is to use association. ____10___ For example, if you're trying to remember a new word, you can associate it with a similar - sounding word you already know or an image that represents its meaning. This creates a connection in your brain that makes it easier to recall the information later. Another useful technique is repetition. ____11____ Repeating something over and over again helps to reinforce it in your memory. You can repeat new information aloud, write it down multiple times, or review it at regular intervals. Organization also plays a big role. ___12___ Group related information together. For instance, if you're studying for a history exam, you can organize events by time period or theme. This way, your brain can process and store the information more efficiently. Mnemonic devices can be extremely helpful. ____13___ An example is creating an acronym from the first letter of each word in a phrase you want to remember. Or you can make up a rhyming sentence that incorporates the information. Finally, getting enough sleep and maintaining a healthy lifestyle are essential for memory. ____14____ When you sleep, your brain consolidates memories, so make sure you get a good night's rest. Eating a balanced diet, exercising regularly, and reducing stress also contribute to better memory function. A. It helps to make the information more memorable. B. Sleep is the time when your brain works hardest. C. This means creating a system for the information. D. You can repeat new information in different ways. E. Our brain has a natural ability to remember things. F. They are tricks to help you remember information. G. You connect new information with something you already know. 【答案】10.G 11.D 12.C 13.F 14.B 【导语】本文主要介绍了几种提高记忆力的方法和策略。首先指出人们对如何提高记忆力很感兴趣，尤其是随着年龄增长或需要学习大量知识时。接着详细阐述了使用联想、重复、组织信息、记忆技巧以及保持充足睡眠和健康生活方式等方法对提高记忆力的作用及具体操作方式。 10.根据前文“One important method is to use association.”以及后文“For example, if you're trying to remember a new word, you can associate it with a similar-sounding word you already know or an image that represents its meaning.”可知，此空应填使用联想的具体做法，即把新信息与已知信息联系起来，所以答案是 G。 11.由前文“Another useful technique is repetition.”以及后文“Repeating something over and over again helps to reinforce it in your memory. You can repeat new information aloud, write it down multiple times, or review it at regular intervals.”可知，这里是说重复信息的方式有多种，答案为 D。 12.根据前文“Organization also plays a big role.”以及后文“Group related information together.”可知，此空应填组织信息的具体含义，即创建一个信息系统，将相关信息分组，答案是 C。 13.由前文“Mnemonic devices can be extremely helpful.”以及后文“An example is creating an acronym from the first letter of each word in a phrase you want to remember. Or you can make up a rhyming sentence that incorporates the information.”可知，记忆技巧是帮助记忆信息的窍门，答案为 F。 14.根据前文“Finally, getting enough sleep and maintaining a healthy lifestyle are essential for memory.”以及后文“When you sleep, your brain consolidates memories, so make sure you get a good night's rest.”可知，此空应填睡眠对记忆的重要性，即睡眠时大脑在巩固记忆，答案是 B。 D （2025年1月上海市春季高考英语仿真模拟试卷07） Not too many decades ago it seemed “obvious” both to the general public and to sociologists that modern society has changed people’s natural relations, loosened their responsibilities to kins and neighbors, and substituted in their place superficial relationships with passing acquaintances. However, in recent years a growing body of research has revealed that the “obvious” is not true. It seems that if you are a city resident, you typically know a smaller proportion of your neighbors than you do if you are a resident of a smaller community. But, for the most part, this fact has few significant consequences. It does not necessarily follow that if you know few of your neighbors you will know no one else. Even in very large cities, people maintain close social ties within small, private social worlds. Indeed, the number and quality of meaningful relationships do not differ between more and less urban people. Small-town residents are more involved with kin than are big-city residents. Yet city dwellers compensate by developing friendships with people who share similar interests and activities. Urbanism may produce a different style of life, but the quality of life does not differ between town and city. Nor are residents of large communities any likelier to display psychological symptoms of stress or alienation, a feeling of not belonging, than are residents of smaller communities. However, city dwellers do worry more about crime, and this leads them to a distrust of strangers. These findings do not imply that urbanism makes little or no difference. If neighbors are strangers to one another, they are less likely to sweep the sidewalk of an elderly couple living next door or keep an eye out for young troublemakers. Moreover, as Wirth suggested, there may be a link between a community’s population size and its social diversity. For instance, sociologists have found much evidence that the size of a community is associated with bad behavior including gambling, drugs, etc. Large-city urbanites are also more likely than their small-town counterparts to have a cosmopolitan (见多识广的) outlook, to display less responsibility to traditional kinship roles, to vote for leftist political candidates, and to be tolerant of nontraditional religious groups, unpopular political groups, and so-called undesirables. Everything considered, heterogeneity and unusual behavior seem to be outcomes of large population size. 15．According to paragraph 1, it was once a common belief that people in modern society __________. A．tended to acquaint themselves with people passing by B．usually had more friends than small-town residents C．bore great responsibilities to neighbors and relatives D．could not develop very close relationships with others 16．One of the consequences of urbanism is that the city residents __________. A．lower the quality of relationships B．show little concern for strangers C．suffer from the lack of friendship D．the better its quality of life is 17．We can learn from the passage that the bigger a community is, __________. A．the more likely it is to display stress B．the more open-minded people are C．the more similar its interests are D．the better its quality of life is 18．What is the passage mainly about? A．Minor differences in the interpersonal relations between cities and towns. B．The positive role that urbanism has been playing in our modern society. C．Advantages and disadvantages of living in big cities or small towns. D．The strong feeling of alienation that city inhabitants are suffering. 【答案】15．D 16．B 17．B 18．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲的是城市与小镇人际关系的微小区别。 15．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Not too many decades ago it seemed “obvious” both to the general public and to sociologists that modern society has changed people’s natural relations, loosened their responsibilities to kins and neighbors, and substituted in their place superficial relationships with passing acquaintances. (几十年前，在大众和社会学家看来，现代社会已经改变了人们的自然关系，放松了他们对亲戚和邻居的责任，用过路的熟人代替了表面的关系，这似乎是“显而易见的”)”可知，一般大众与社会学家都认为亲人、邻居之间的关系变得淡薄，只与一些普通的熟人打交道，即无法与他人建立非常密切的关系。故选D项。 16．推理判断题。根据第二段中“Small-town residents are more involved with kin than are big-city residents. (小城镇的居民比大城市的居民亲属关系更紧密)”和第三段中“If neighbors are strangers to one another, they are less likely to sweep the sidewalk of an elderly couple living next door or keep an eye out for young troublemakers. (如果邻居之间互不相识，他们就不太可能为住在隔壁的老夫妇清扫人行道，也不太可能留意年轻的捣乱分子)”可知，城市化的后果之一是城市居民相对小镇居民不够关心他人。故选B项。 17．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Large-city urbanites are also more likely than their small-town counterparts to have a cosmopolitan (见多识广的) outlook, to display less responsibility to traditional kinship roles, to vote for leftist political candidates, and to be tolerant of nontraditional religious groups, unpopular political groups, and so-called undesirables. (大城市的都市人也比小城镇的都市人更有可能具有世界主义的观点，对传统的亲属角色表现出较少的责任感，投票给左翼政治候选人，对非传统宗教团体、不受欢迎的政治团体和所谓的不受欢迎的人更宽容)”可知，城市居民比小镇居民更见多识广，更支持左翼政治候选人，更能宽容非传统的宗教团体等，这说明他们思想更开放。故选B项。 18．主旨大意题。本文第一段是中心段，第一段中“It seems that if you are a city resident, you typically know a smaller proportion of your neighbors than you do if you are a resident of a smaller community. But, for the most part, this fact has few significant consequences. It does not necessarily follow that if you know few of your neighbors you will know no one else. (似乎如果你是一个城市居民，你认识的邻居比例通常比你是一个小社区的居民要小。但在大多数情况下，这一事实几乎没有什么重大后果。这并不是说如果你不认识你的邻居，你就不认识其他人)”，第二段中“Indeed, the number and quality of meaningful relationships do not differ between more and less urban people. (事实上，有意义关系的数量和质量在或多或少的城市人之间没有差异)”结合下文对城镇人际关系的介绍可知，文章主要讲述了城镇之间人际关系的微小差异。故选A项。 E （2025年福建省第一次普通高中学业水平合格性考试英语仿真模拟试卷03） My elder brother Steve, in the absence of my father who died when I was six, gave me important lessons in values that helped me grow into an adult. For instance, Steve taught me to face the results of my behavior. Once when I returned in tears from a Saturday baseball game, it was Steve who took the time to ask me what happened. When I explained that my baseball had soared through Mrs. Holt’s basement window, breaking the glass with a crash, Steve encouraged me to confess (认罪) to her. After all, I should have been playing in the park down Fifth Street and not in the path between buildings. Although my knees knocked as I explained to Mrs. Holt, I offered to pay for the window from my pocket money if she would return my ball. I also learned from Steve that personal property is a sacred (神圣的) thing. After I found a shiny silver pen in my fifth-grade classroom, I wanted to keep it, but Steve explained that it might be important to someone else in spite of the fact that it had little value. He reminded me of how much I’d hate to lose to someone else the small dog my father carved from a piece of cheap wood. I returned the pen to my teacher, Mrs. Davids, and still remembered the smell of her perfume as she patted me on my shoulder. Yet of all the instructions Steve gave me, his respect for life is the most vivid in my mind. When I was twelve I killed an old brown sparrow in the yard with a BB gun. Excited with my accuracy, I screamed to Steve to come from the house to take a look. I shall never forget the way he stood for a long moment and stared at the bird on the ground. Then in a dead, quiet voice, he asked, “Did it hurt you first, Mark?” I didn’t know what to answer. He continued with his eyes firm, “The only time you should even think of hurting a living thing is if it hurts you first. And then you think a long, long time.” I really felt terrible then, but that moment stands out as the most important lesson my brother taught me. 19．What is the main subject of the passage? A．The relationship between Mark and Steve. B．The important lesson Mark learned in school C．Steve’s important role in Mark’s growing process. D．Mark and Steve’s respect for living things. 20．It can be inferred from the passage that when Mark confessed to Mrs. Holt, ________. A．he felt surprised B．he was light-hearted C．he felt frightened D．he knelt before her 21．In the story about the pen, which of the following lessons did Steve teach his brother? A．Respect for personal property. B．Respect for life. C．Sympathy for people with problems. D．The value of honesty. 22．According to the writer, which was the most important lesson Steve taught his young brother? A．Respect for living things. B．Responsibility for one’s actions. C．The value of the honesty. D．Care for the property of others. 23．Which of the follow is true according to the passage? A．Mark was still a boy when he wrote this passage. B．Mark lost the small dog his father gave him. C．When a living thing hurts you, you should kill it. D．Even if a living thing hurts you, you should not kill it without hesitation (犹豫). 【答案】19．C 20．C 21．A 22．A 23．D 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。这篇文章讲述了作者的爸爸在他六岁的时候去世了，在他以后的人生中，他的哥哥史蒂夫教了很多非常有价值的经验教训给他，帮助他很好的成长。 19．主旨大意题。根据文章“My elder brother Steve, in the absence of my father who died when I was six, gave me important lessons in values that helped me grow into an adult.”可知，作者的哥哥史蒂夫，在他们的爸爸去世之后的岁月里，给作者教了很多有价值的经验教训，帮助作者成长。由此可知，这篇文章主旨是史蒂夫在弟弟的人生成长过程中发挥着重要的作用。故选C。 20．推理判断题。根据文章“Although my knees knocked as I explained to Mrs. Holt, I offered to pay for the window from my pocket money if she would return my ball.（尽管我向Mrs. Holt太太解释时膝盖都在颤抖，但如果她愿意还我的球，我还是提出用我的零用钱来支付窗户的费用）”推知，当作者向Mrs. Holt解释时感到非常的害怕，故选C。 21．细节理解题。根据文章“After I found a shiny silver pen in my fifth-grade classroom, I wanted to keep it, but Steve explained that it might be important to someone else in spite of the fact that it had little value.（在我五年级的教室里发现一支闪亮的银色钢笔后，我想保留它，但Steve解释说，它可能对其他人很重要，尽管它没有什么价值）”可知，通过钢笔事件Steve教会了作者要尊重个人财产。故选A。 22．细节理解题。根据文章“He continued with his eyes firm, “The only time you should even think of hurting a living thing is if it hurts you first. And then you think a long, long time.” I really felt terrible then, but that moment stands out as the most important lesson my brother taught me.（他眼睛坚定地继续说道：‘你唯一应该想到伤害一个生物的时候，就是它先伤害了你。然后你会想很长很长时间。’当时我真的感觉很糟糕，但那一刻是我哥哥教给我的最重要的一课）”可知，作者通过哥哥学到了对生命的尊重，这是他哥哥教给他最重要的经验教训。故选A。 23．细节理解题。根据文章“He continued with his eyes firm, “The only time you should even think of hurting a living thing is if it hurts you first. And then you think a long, long time.” （他眼睛坚定地继续说道：‘你唯一应该想到伤害一个生物的时候，就是它先伤害了你。然后你会想很长很长时间。’）”可知，即使一个动物伤害你，你也不应该毫不犹豫地杀死它。故选D。 四、完形填空 F （2022年1月浙江省普通高中学业水平考试英语仿真模拟试卷C） I was 15 when I walked into McCarley’s Bookstore in Ashland. As I was looking at 1 on the shelves, the man behind the counter, 2 , asked if I’d like 3 . I needed to start 4 for college, so I said yes. I 5 after school and during summers for the lowest wages and the job helped pay for my freshman year of college. I would work many other jobs: I made coffee in the Students’ Union during college; I was a hotel maid and even made maps for the US Forest Service. But selling books was one of the most 6 .  One day a woman asked me for books on cancer. She seemed fearful. I showed her almost 7 we had at that time 8 and found other books we could order. She left the store less 9 . I’ve always remembered the 10 I felt in having helped her.  Years later,as a 11 in Los Angeles, I heard about an immigrant (移民) child who was born with his fingers connected, weblike. His family could not 12 a corrective operation, and the boy lived in 13 , hiding his hand in his pocket.  I 14 my boss to let me do the story. After my story was broadcast, a doctor and a nurse called, offering to perform the 15 for free.  I visited the boy in the recovery room soon after the operation. The first thing he did was to hold up his 16 hand and say, “Thank you.” I felt a sense of 17 .  In the past, while I was 18 , I always sensed I was working for the customers, not the store. Today it’s the same. NBC News pays my salary, 19 I feel as if I work for the 20 , helping them make sense of the world. 1. A. maps B. titles C. articles D. reports 2. A. the reader B. the college student C. the shop owner D. the customer 3. A. a book B. a job C. some tea D. any help 4. A. planning B. saving C. preparing D. studying 5. A. read B. studied C. cooked D. worked 6. A. boring B. surprising C. satisfying D. disappointing 7. A. anything B. something C. nothing D. everything 8. A. in need B. in all C. in order D. in store 9. A. worried B. satisfied C. excited D. puzzled 10. A. pride B. failure C. regret D. surprise 11. A. doctor B. store owner C. bookseller D. TV reporter 12. A. pay B. cost C. afford D. spend 13. A. shame B. honour C. horror D. danger 14. A. advised B. forced C. persuaded D. permitted 15. A. action B. program C. treatment D. operation 16. A. repaired B. connected C. injured D. improved 17. A. pleasure B. sadness C. interest D. disappointment 18. A. at the TV station B. in the Students’ Union C. at the US Forest Service D. at McCarley’s Bookstore 19. A. so B. and C. but D. because 20. A. readers B. viewers C. customers D. passengers 【答案】B CBBD CD D AA DCACD AADC B 【解析】本文是记叙文。文章讲述作者上学时打工，因为帮助了别人而高兴，工作后，也因为帮助别人而欣慰，作者想尽自己所能去帮助需要帮助的人。 1. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我看着书架上书籍名称时，柜台后面的店主问我是否想要一份工作。A. maps地图；B. titles书名，标题；C. articles文章；D. reports报道。根据“I walked into McCarley’s Bookstore”和“on the shelves”可知，作者进了书店，浏览书架上的书，看的当然是书名(title)。故选B项。 2. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我看着书架上书籍名称时，柜台后面的店主问我是否想要一份工作。A. the reader读者；B. the college student大学生；C. the shop owner店主；D. the customer顾客。根据句中“the man behind the counter”可知，在柜台后面的是店主。故选C项。 3. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我看着书架上书籍名称时，柜台后面的店主问我是否想要一份工作。A. a book一本书；B. a job一份工作；C. some tea一些茶；D. any help一些帮助。根据下文“the job helped pay for my freshman year of college.”可知，店主给了作者一份工作。故选B项。 4. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我需要开始为上大学存钱，所以我答应了。A. planning计划；B. saving节约；C. preparing准备；D. studying学习。根据空格后“for college”和下文“the job helped pay for my freshman year of college.”可知，作者工作是为上大学存钱。故选B项。 5. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我在课余时间和暑假工作，赚取最低工资，这份工作帮助我支付了大学一年级的学费。A. read读；B. studied学习；C. cooked烹饪；D. worked工作。根据“after school and during summers for the lowest wages”可知，作者利用课余时间和暑假工作赚钱。故选D项。 6. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但是卖书是最令人满意的工作。A. boring无聊的；B. surprising惊讶的；C. satisfying令人满意的；D. disappointing失望的。根据第二段作者描述她在帮助了一位客人后获得的成就感可推知，在麦卡利书店卖书让她感到快乐，满意。故选C项。 7. 考查代词词义辨析。句意：我给她看了当时店里几乎所有的书，还找了一些我们可以订购的书。A. anything任何事情；B. something一些事情；C. nothing没有什么；D. everything每件事物。根据“found other books we could order”可推知，作者不但帮客人找了几乎店里所有的书，而且还找了可以订购的书。故选D项。 8. 考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：我给她看了当时店里几乎所有的书，还找了一些我们可以订购的书。A. in need在困难中；B. in all总计；C. in order秩序井然；D. in store在店里，贮藏着。根据下文“found other books we could order.”可知，作者先是在店里的书里面去找，然后再去找可以订购的书。故选D项。 9. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：离开商店后，她不那么发愁了。A. worried发愁的，忧虑的；B. satisfied满足的；C. excited激动的；D. puzzled困惑的。根据下文“having helped her”可知，作者帮助了客人，所以她的问题得到解决，不像之前那么发愁了。故选A项。 10. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我一直记得帮助她时的自豪感。A. pride自豪；B. failure失败；C. regret懊悔；D. surprise惊讶。根据“having helped her”可知，作者帮助了客人，所以她自己有成就感，感到自豪。故选A项。 11. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：多年以后，我在洛杉矶当了一名电视记者，听说有个移民小孩出生时手指就连在一起，就像网一样。A. doctor医生；B. store owner店主；C. bookseller书商；D. TV reporter电视台记者。根据第四段“After my story was broadcast”和第六段“NBC News pays my salary”可知，作者是NBC News电视台的记者 。故选D项。 12. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他的家庭负担不起矫正手术，男孩生活在耻辱中，把手藏在口袋里。A. pay支付；B. cost值；C. afford买得起，负担得起；D. spend花费。根据第四段“After my story was broadcast, a doctor and a nurse called, offering to perform the 　1　 for free.”可知，男孩的家庭负担不起矫正费用，需要等待免费救助。故选C项。 13. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他的家庭负担不起矫正手术，男孩生活在羞愧中，把手藏在口袋里。A. shame羞愧；B. honour荣誉；C. horror恐惧；D. danger危险。根据下文“hiding his hand in his pocket”可知，男孩把畸形的手藏起来，说明感到羞愧、自卑。故选A项。 14. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我说服了老板让我做这个报道。A. advised建议；B. forced强迫；C. persuaded说服；D. permitted允许。根据下文“After my story was broadcast”可知，作者说服了老板让她去作这个报道，并且故事成功播出。故选C项。 15 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我的故事播出后，一名医生和一名护士打来电话，提出免费为男孩做手术。A. action行动；B. program项目；C. treatment对待；D. operation手术。根据第五段“I visited the boy in the recovery room soon after the operation”可知，一名医生给男孩免费做了手术。故选D项。 16. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他做的第一件事就是举起那只修复的手说：“谢谢你。”A. repaired修复的；B. connected连接的；C. injured受伤的；D. improved改良的。根据上文可知，男孩接受了免费的手术，手得到修复。故选A项。 17. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我感到非常快乐。A. pleasure快乐；B. sadness悲伤；C. interest兴趣；D. disappointment失望。作者成功的帮助了男孩恢复正常，男孩向她表示感谢，作者感受到助人的快乐。故选A项。 18. 考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：过去，当我在麦卡利书店的时候，我总是感觉到我是在为顾客而不是商店工作。A. at the TV station在电视台；B. in the Students’ Union在学生会；C. at the US Forest Service在美国林务局；D. at McCarley’s Bookstore在麦卡利书店。根据句中“In the past”和“not the store”可知，作者在回忆在麦卡利书店卖书的事情。故选D项。 19. 考查连词词义辨析。句意：NBC新闻给我支付工资，但我觉得我好像是在为观众工作，帮助他们理解世界。A. so因此；B. and和；C. but但是；D. because因为。NBC新闻给作者发工资，她却认为自己是为观众工作，句意有转折对比关系，所以用but连接。故选C项。20. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：NBC新闻给我支付工资，但我觉得我好像是在为观众工作，帮助他们理解世界。A. readers读者；B. viewers观众；C. customers客户；D. passengers乘客。根据上文“ I always sensed I was working for the customers, not the store. Today it’s the same.”可知，在麦卡利书店卖书时，作者认为自己是在为客户工作，而现在作为电视台记者，作者是在为观众工作。故选B项。 五、语法填空 G 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式，并将答案转写到答题卡上。 （2023年3月辽宁省普通高中学业水平合格性考试英语仿真模拟试卷2）Videos of 77-year-old Xu Xiuzhen, who speaks different languages with foreigners while working at a scenic spot selling water, postcards and headdress flowers, have brought her instant fame. Xu’s village is located at the base of Moon Hill, ___1___popular tourist destination famous for a moon-shaped hole at the summit. She ___2___(work) as a tour guide and vendor(小贩)in Yangshuo since 1998, ___3___the area became popular with foreign backpackers and organized tours. Xu said she would change words in any language into Chinese characters ___4___(base) on their pronunciations and then memorize them. She added that she would repeat the words in her head ___5___going to bed and after waking up, because it has given her ___6___(fluent) in basic conversations with foreigners. Over the past two decades, Xu has taught ___7___(she) 11 foreign languages, including English, Spanish, Japanese and Korean. In addition to making her ___8___(incredible)popular, her great linguistic skill has made it easier for her ___9___(communicate) with foreign tourists. Xu has also become one of the busiest tour guides in Yangshuo, ____10____(attract) a large crowd of tourists every day, especially foreign visitors, who come to meet the multilingual guide out of admiration. 【答案】1．a    2．has been working##has worked    3．when    4．based    5．before    6．fluency    7．herself    8．incredibly    9．to communicate    10．attracting 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了77岁的徐秀珍在景区卖水、卖明信片、卖头花，她和外国人说着不同的语言，她的视频让她一炮而红的故事。 1．考查冠词。句意：徐的村庄位于月亮山的底部，月亮山是广西阳朔的一个热门旅游目的地，因山顶上的一个月亮形状的洞而闻名。后文可数名词单数destination是泛指概念，应用不定冠词限定。popular发音以辅音音素开头，故填a。 2．考查时态。句意：自1998年以来，她一直在阳朔做导游和小贩，当时该地区受到了外国背包客和组织旅游的欢迎。根据后文since 1998可知应用完成时，此处可用现在完成进行时或现在完成时。故填has been working/has worked。 3．考查定语从句。句意：自1998年以来，她一直在阳朔做导游和小贩，当时该地区受到了外国背包客和组织旅游的欢迎。非限制性定语从句修饰先行词1998，从句缺少时间状语，故用when。故填when。 4．考查非谓语动词。句意：徐说，她会根据发音把任何语言的单词变成汉字，然后记住它们。过去分词短语based on“以……为依据，根据”是固定短语，句中作后置定语，修饰名词。based已转化为形容词。故填based。 5．考查介词。句意：她补充说，她会在睡觉前和醒来后在脑子里重复这些话，因为这让她能流利地与外国人进行基本的对话。后跟动名词作宾语，表示“在……之前”应用before。故填before。 6．考查名词。句意：她说，睡前和起床后立即在脑海中重复这些单词，使她能够流利地与外国人进行基本对话。根据前文形容词性物主代词her可知，此处应用其不可数名词fluency，作宾语。故填fluency。 7．考查代词。句意：在过去的二十年里，徐自学了11门外语，包括英语、西班牙语、日语和韩语。表示自学应用反身代词herself。故填herself。 8．考查副词。句意：除了让她非常受欢迎之外，她出色的语言能力也让她更容易与外国游客交流。修饰形容词popular应用副词incredibly，作状语。故填incredibly。 9．考查非谓语动词。句意：除了让她非常受欢迎之外，她出色的语言能力也让她更容易与外国游客交流。此处为make it for sb. to do sth.结构，应填不定式。故填to communicate。 10．考查非谓语动词。句意：徐导游也成为阳朔最忙的导游之一，每天吸引大量游客，尤其是外国游客，他们出于赞赏来见这位多语言导游。分析句子结构可知attract与逻辑主语Xu构成主动关系，故用现在分词作状语。故填attracting。 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题02 语法考点精要：梳理核心语法点及易错题陷阱 一、 动词的时态和语态 1. 一般现在时：表示习惯、客观事实或真理。注意第三人称单数动词加-s/-es。 2. 一般过去时：表示过去某个时间发生的动作或状态。注意规则与不规则动词的过去式。 3. 一般将来时：表示将来发生的动作。常用 will/shall do 或 be going to do 结构。 4. 现在进行时：表示现在或现阶段正在进行的动作。结构为 am/is/are doing。 5. 过去进行时：表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作。结构为 was/were doing。 6. 现在完成时：表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或持续到现在的动作。结构为 have/has done。 7. 过去完成时：表示过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成的动作。结构为 had done。 8. 被动语态：强调动作的承受者。基本结构为 be + 过去分词，注意时态一致。 二、 非谓语动词 1. 动词不定式：to do 形式。可作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语。 2. 动名词：v-ing 形式。具有名词性质，可作主语、宾语、表语。 3. 现在分词：v-ing 形式。具有形容词或副词性质，可作定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语，表示主动或进行。 4. 过去分词：v-ed 形式。具有形容词或副词性质，可作定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语，表示被动或完成。 三、 情态动词 1. can/could：表示能力、可能性、请求或许可。 2. may/might：表示可能性、请求或许可，语气较委婉。 3. must：表示必须、肯定推测。否定形式 mustn't 表示禁止，needn't 表示不必。 4. shall：用于第一人称，表示征求意见或将来。 5. should：表示应该、建议或推测。 6. will/would：表示意愿、请求或习惯性动作。 7. need：表示需要。既可作情态动词，也可作实义动词。 8. 情态动词+have done：表示对过去情况的推测或判断。 四、 主谓一致 1. 语法一致原则：主语为单数形式，谓语动词用单数；主语为复数形式，谓语动词用复数。 2. 意义一致原则：主语形式为单数但意义为复数，谓语动词用复数；反之亦然。 3. 就近原则：由 or, either...or, neither...nor, not only...but also 等连接的主语，谓语动词与靠近的主语保持一致。 4. 集体名词作主语时，强调整体用单数，强调个体成员用复数。 五、 名词性从句 1. 主语从句：在句中作主语的从句。注意谓语动词用单数。 2. 宾语从句：在句中作宾语的从句。注意时态一致和语序。 3. 表语从句：在系动词后作表语的从句。 4. 同位语从句：对抽象名词进行解释说明的从句。 六、 定语从句 1. 关系代词 which：指物，在从句中作主语、宾语。 2. 关系代词 that：指人或物，在从句中作主语、宾语。 3. 关系代词 who/whom：指人，who 作主语，whom 作宾语。 4. 关系代词 whose：指人或物，在从句中作定语。 5. 关系副词 when：表示时间，在从句中作时间状语。 6. 关系副词 where：表示地点，在从句中作地点状语。 7. 关系副词 why：表示原因，在从句中作原因状语。 8. 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别。 七、 状语从句 1. 时间状语从句：由 when, while, as, before, after, until, since 等引导。 2. 地点状语从句：由 where, wherever 等引导。 3. 原因状语从句：由 because, since, as, for 等引导。 4. 目的状语从句：由 so that, in order that 等引导。 5. 结果状语从句：由 so...that, such...that 等引导。 6. 条件状语从句：由 if, unless, as long as 等引导。 7. 让步状语从句：由 though, although, even if, no matter what/how 等引导。 8. 方式状语从句：由 as, as if, as though 等引导。 9. 比较状语从句：由 than, as...as, not so...as 等引导。 八、 虚拟语气 1. 条件句中的虚拟语气：与现在事实相反，从句用过去式，主句用 would/could/should/might do；与过去事实相反，从句用 had done，主句用 would/could/should/might have done；与将来事实相反，从句用 should do/were to do，主句用 would/could/should/might do。 2. 表示命令、建议、要求的动词、名词、形容词后的从句中，谓语动词用 (should) do。 3. wish 后的宾语从句中，表示现在用过去式，表示过去用 had done，表示将来用 would/could do。 4. as if/though 引导的从句中，根据实际情况使用虚拟语气。 九、 倒装句 1. 完全倒装：将整个谓语提到主语前面。常见于地点副词开头或表语前置的句子。 2. 部分倒装：只将助动词、情态动词或系动词提到主语前面。 3. 否定词或短语位于句首时，句子用部分倒装。 4. only 修饰状语位于句首时，句子用部分倒装。 5. so/such...that 结构中，so/such 位于句首时，主句用部分倒装。 十、 强调句 1. It is/was + 被强调部分 + that/who + 句子其余部分。 2. 判断方法：去掉 It is/was...that/who，句子结构仍然完整。 十一、 介词和介词短语 1. 常用介词的基本用法和区别。 2. 介词与动词、形容词、名词的固定搭配。 十二、 连词 1. 并列连词：and, but, or, so, for, yet 等。 2. 从属连词：引导状语从句和名词性从句的连词。 易错题陷阱梳理 1. 时态混用：尤其在宾语从句和条件状语从句中，注意主从句时态呼应。 2. 非谓语动词逻辑主语：注意非谓语动词的动作发出者与句子主语是否一致。 3. 情态动词表推测：对现在/过去的推测，注意使用不同的结构。 4. 主谓一致被修饰语干扰：主语后有 with, as well as 等短语时，谓语动词与主语保持一致。 5. 定语从句关系词选择：根据先行词和在从句中的成分选择正确的关系词。 6. 虚拟语气条件句的时态运用：准确判断与现在、过去、将来事实相反的假设。 7. 倒装句的触发条件：熟悉需要倒装的各种情况，避免遗漏。 8. 强调句与定语从句、主语从句的区别：通过结构分析和成分判断。 9. 介词搭配：积累常见动词、形容词、名词与介词的固定搭配。 10. 近义连词辨析：如 because/since/as, if/whether 等。 一、根据所给词的适当形式填空 1. By the time we arrived, the meeting ________ (start). 2. The problem ________ (discuss) at the meeting tomorrow. 3. He suggested that we ________ (leave) early to avoid the traffic. 4. Not until yesterday ________ he realize his mistake. 5. It was in this park ________ I first met her. 6. She made a promise ________ she would never be late again. 7. The book ________ (write) by a famous author is very popular. 8. You ________ (not need) to come if you are busy. 9. Neither the students nor the teacher ________ (be) interested in the activity. 10. He is considering ________ (accept) the job offer from that company. 11. If I ________ (be) you, I would think twice before making the decision. 12. So difficult ________ the problem that nobody could solve it. 13. This is the village ________ he spent his childhood. 14. The number of people who ________ (support) the plan is increasing. 15. She seems ________ (know) everything about the incident. 16. It is important that everyone ________ (attend) the meeting. 17. Hardly ________ he finished his speech when the audience began to applaud. 18. I will never forget the days ________ we worked together in London. 19. The computer needs ________ (repair) immediately. 20. Only in this way ________ you make progress in your English study. 二、选择题 1. The new policy ________ into effect next month. A. will come B. comes C. came D. has come 2. It is required that all applications ________ by Friday. A. are submitted B. be submitted C. will be submitted D. submitted 3. By the end of last year, they ________ more than ten projects. A. completed B. had completed C. have completed D. will complete 4. The professor, together with his assistants, ________ the experiment. A. are conducting B. is conducting C. conduct D. were conducting 5. She denied ________ anything about the missing documents. A. to know B. knowing C. know D. knew 6. If he ________ here now, he would help us solve the problem. A. is B. was C. were D. will be 7. It was in the library ________ she found the reference book she needed. A. that B. where C. which D. when 8. The reason why he was late was ________ he missed the bus. A. because B. why C. that D. which 9. Not only ________ interested in the subject, but also all the other students. A. the teacher is B. is the teacher C. the teacher was D. was the teacher 10. This is one of the best novels that ________ published this year. A. has been B. have been C. was D. were 11. He suggested ________ the meeting until next week. A. to postpone B. postponing C. postpone D. postponed 12. By the time you arrive, I ________ my work. A. will finish B. will have finished C. have finished D. finished 13. The house requires ________ because it is too old. A. to repair B. being repaired C. repairing D. repaired 14. It is high time that we ________ measures to protect the environment. A. take B. took C. will take D. have taken 15. So fast ________ that it's difficult to imagine its speed. A. light travel B. travels light C. does light travel D. light travels 16. I have no idea ________ he will agree to our plan or not. A. if B. whether C. that D. which 17. The number of people invited ________ fifty, but a number of them ________ absent for different reasons. A. were; was B. was; was C. was; were D. were; were 18. Only when you have acquired a good knowledge of grammar ________ write correctly. A. you will B. you can C. can you D. can't you 19. It is necessary that he ________ the task before Friday. A. finishes B. finish C. finished D. will finish 20. This is the very book ________ I've been looking for all this year. A. that B. which C. what D. as 三、阅读理解 A （2019年1月广东省普通高中学业水平考试英语试卷） Once there was a woman who was greatly disturbed by her husband. He seemed to care little about her. So the woman took her trouble to the local magician. She told him her story, full of pity for herself. " Can you give me some magic powers to make him love me again? ” she asked anxiously. The magician thought for a moment and replied,“ I will help you, but first you must bring to me three hairs from a living lion. These! Must have before I can give you my magic powers.” There was indeed a lion that often came near to the village. It was frightening. The woman thought again and again and at last she had an idea. The next morning she took a young sheep and waited anxiously. When she saw the lion approaching, she left the sheep in the path of the lion quickly and went back home. So it happened that, every day early in the morning, the woman would rise and take a young sheep to the lion. Gradually the lion came to know the woman. Seeing the lion's trust in her, the woman carefully pulled three hairs from it and set out for the magicians house “Look, "she said happily as she entered, " here they are! "And she gave him the three hairs. “How did you make it ?"asked the magician in surprise. The woman told him the whole story. A smile spread over the magicians face. "You may treat your husband the same way you've treated the lion, "he said 1. What was the woman’s problem according to Paragraph 1? A. Her husband took no notice of her. B. The woman was afraid of her husband. C. Her husband always got her into trouble. D. The woman and her husband had a hard life. 2. Whom did the woman ask for help? A. a sheep. B. a lion. C. A magician D. Her husband. 3. Before she got the magic power, the woman had to . A. make magic powers with the magician B. get three hairs from a living lion C. rive the lion away from the village D. leave a sheep in the path of the lion 4. Why did the woman take a sheep to the lions? A. To confuse the lion. B. To catch the lion. C. To get the lions trust. D. To show her pity for the lion 5. What is the best title from the passage? A. An Honest Magician B. Husband and Wife C. An angry Lion D. Good Advice B （2025年云南省第一次普通高中学业水平合格性考试英语仿真模拟试卷02） The field of gene editing has witnessed remarkable progress in recent years, with CRISPR - Cas9 being the most prominent technique. CRISPR - Cas9 is a revolutionary gene - editing tool that allows scientists to make precise changes to an organism's DNA. This technology has the potential to treat genetic diseases by correcting faulty genes. For example, it could be used to cure diseases like sickle - cell anemia and cystic fibrosis. In addition to medical applications, CRISPR - Cas9 has implications for agriculture. Scientists can use it to develop crops that are more resistant to pests, diseases, and environmental stresses. However, the use of CRISPR - Cas9 also raises serious ethical concerns. One of the main issues is the possibility of creating "designer babies." If gene editing is used to enhance certain traits such as intelligence or physical appearance, it could lead to a new form of eugenics. There are also concerns about the unintended consequences of gene editing, such as off - target effects that could cause new health problems. 6.What is CRISPR - Cas9? A. A traditional medical treatment method. B. A gene - editing tool that can make precise changes to DNA. C. A type of genetic disease. D. A new agricultural product. 7.What are the potential applications of CRISPR - Cas9? A. Treating genetic diseases and improving agriculture. B. Only for creating more beautiful people. C. Only for making more money. D. Only for creating new diseases. 8.What are the ethical concerns of using CRISPR - Cas9? A. Creating "designer babies" and unintended consequences. B. It is too expensive. C. It is too difficult to use. D. It is not accurate enough. 9.What could off - target effects of gene editing cause? A. More crops. B. More beautiful people. C. More intelligent people. D. New health problems. C （2025年云南省第一次普通高中学业水平合格性考试英语仿真模拟试卷01） How to improve your memory? It's a question many people are interested in, especially as we age or when we have a lot to learn. Here are some strategies that can help. One important method is to use association. ____10___ For example, if you're trying to remember a new word, you can associate it with a similar - sounding word you already know or an image that represents its meaning. This creates a connection in your brain that makes it easier to recall the information later. Another useful technique is repetition. ____11____ Repeating something over and over again helps to reinforce it in your memory. You can repeat new information aloud, write it down multiple times, or review it at regular intervals. Organization also plays a big role. ___12___ Group related information together. For instance, if you're studying for a history exam, you can organize events by time period or theme. This way, your brain can process and store the information more efficiently. Mnemonic devices can be extremely helpful. ____13___ An example is creating an acronym from the first letter of each word in a phrase you want to remember. Or you can make up a rhyming sentence that incorporates the information. Finally, getting enough sleep and maintaining a healthy lifestyle are essential for memory. ____14____ When you sleep, your brain consolidates memories, so make sure you get a good night's rest. Eating a balanced diet, exercising regularly, and reducing stress also contribute to better memory function. A. It helps to make the information more memorable. B. Sleep is the time when your brain works hardest. C. This means creating a system for the information. D. You can repeat new information in different ways. E. Our brain has a natural ability to remember things. F. They are tricks to help you remember information. G. You connect new information with something you already know. D （2025年1月上海市春季高考英语仿真模拟试卷07） Not too many decades ago it seemed “obvious” both to the general public and to sociologists that modern society has changed people’s natural relations, loosened their responsibilities to kins and neighbors, and substituted in their place superficial relationships with passing acquaintances. However, in recent years a growing body of research has revealed that the “obvious” is not true. It seems that if you are a city resident, you typically know a smaller proportion of your neighbors than you do if you are a resident of a smaller community. But, for the most part, this fact has few significant consequences. It does not necessarily follow that if you know few of your neighbors you will know no one else. Even in very large cities, people maintain close social ties within small, private social worlds. Indeed, the number and quality of meaningful relationships do not differ between more and less urban people. Small-town residents are more involved with kin than are big-city residents. Yet city dwellers compensate by developing friendships with people who share similar interests and activities. Urbanism may produce a different style of life, but the quality of life does not differ between town and city. Nor are residents of large communities any likelier to display psychological symptoms of stress or alienation, a feeling of not belonging, than are residents of smaller communities. However, city dwellers do worry more about crime, and this leads them to a distrust of strangers. These findings do not imply that urbanism makes little or no difference. If neighbors are strangers to one another, they are less likely to sweep the sidewalk of an elderly couple living next door or keep an eye out for young troublemakers. Moreover, as Wirth suggested, there may be a link between a community’s population size and its social diversity. For instance, sociologists have found much evidence that the size of a community is associated with bad behavior including gambling, drugs, etc. Large-city urbanites are also more likely than their small-town counterparts to have a cosmopolitan (见多识广的) outlook, to display less responsibility to traditional kinship roles, to vote for leftist political candidates, and to be tolerant of nontraditional religious groups, unpopular political groups, and so-called undesirables. Everything considered, heterogeneity and unusual behavior seem to be outcomes of large population size. 15．According to paragraph 1, it was once a common belief that people in modern society __________. A．tended to acquaint themselves with people passing by B．usually had more friends than small-town residents C．bore great responsibilities to neighbors and relatives D．could not develop very close relationships with others 16．One of the consequences of urbanism is that the city residents __________. A．lower the quality of relationships B．show little concern for strangers C．suffer from the lack of friendship D．the better its quality of life is 17．We can learn from the passage that the bigger a community is, __________. A．the more likely it is to display stress B．the more open-minded people are C．the more similar its interests are D．the better its quality of life is 18．What is the passage mainly about? A．Minor differences in the interpersonal relations between cities and towns. B．The positive role that urbanism has been playing in our modern society. C．Advantages and disadvantages of living in big cities or small towns. D．The strong feeling of alienation that city inhabitants are suffering. E （2025年福建省第一次普通高中学业水平合格性考试英语仿真模拟试卷03） My elder brother Steve, in the absence of my father who died when I was six, gave me important lessons in values that helped me grow into an adult. For instance, Steve taught me to face the results of my behavior. Once when I returned in tears from a Saturday baseball game, it was Steve who took the time to ask me what happened. When I explained that my baseball had soared through Mrs. Holt’s basement window, breaking the glass with a crash, Steve encouraged me to confess (认罪) to her. After all, I should have been playing in the park down Fifth Street and not in the path between buildings. Although my knees knocked as I explained to Mrs. Holt, I offered to pay for the window from my pocket money if she would return my ball. I also learned from Steve that personal property is a sacred (神圣的) thing. After I found a shiny silver pen in my fifth-grade classroom, I wanted to keep it, but Steve explained that it might be important to someone else in spite of the fact that it had little value. He reminded me of how much I’d hate to lose to someone else the small dog my father carved from a piece of cheap wood. I returned the pen to my teacher, Mrs. Davids, and still remembered the smell of her perfume as she patted me on my shoulder. Yet of all the instructions Steve gave me, his respect for life is the most vivid in my mind. When I was twelve I killed an old brown sparrow in the yard with a BB gun. Excited with my accuracy, I screamed to Steve to come from the house to take a look. I shall never forget the way he stood for a long moment and stared at the bird on the ground. Then in a dead, quiet voice, he asked, “Did it hurt you first, Mark?” I didn’t know what to answer. He continued with his eyes firm, “The only time you should even think of hurting a living thing is if it hurts you first. And then you think a long, long time.” I really felt terrible then, but that moment stands out as the most important lesson my brother taught me. 19．What is the main subject of the passage? A．The relationship between Mark and Steve. B．The important lesson Mark learned in school C．Steve’s important role in Mark’s growing process. D．Mark and Steve’s respect for living things. 20．It can be inferred from the passage that when Mark confessed to Mrs. Holt, ________. A．he felt surprised B．he was light-hearted C．he felt frightened D．he knelt before her 21．In the story about the pen, which of the following lessons did Steve teach his brother? A．Respect for personal property. B．Respect for life. C．Sympathy for people with problems. D．The value of honesty. 22．According to the writer, which was the most important lesson Steve taught his young brother? A．Respect for living things. B．Responsibility for one’s actions. C．The value of the honesty. D．Care for the property of others. 23．Which of the follow is true according to the passage? A．Mark was still a boy when he wrote this passage. B．Mark lost the small dog his father gave him. C．When a living thing hurts you, you should kill it. D．Even if a living thing hurts you, you should not kill it without hesitation (犹豫). 四、完形填空F （2022年1月浙江省普通高中学业水平考试英语仿真模拟试卷C） I was 15 when I walked into McCarley’s Bookstore in Ashland. As I was looking at 1 on the shelves, the man behind the counter, 2 , asked if I’d like 3 . I needed to start 4 for college, so I said yes. I 5 after school and during summers for the lowest wages and the job helped pay for my freshman year of college. I would work many other jobs: I made coffee in the Students’ Union during college; I was a hotel maid and even made maps for the US Forest Service. But selling books was one of the most 6 .  One day a woman asked me for books on cancer. She seemed fearful. I showed her almost 7 we had at that time 8 and found other books we could order. She left the store less 9 . I’ve always remembered the 10 I felt in having helped her.  Years later,as a 11 in Los Angeles, I heard about an immigrant (移民) child who was born with his fingers connected, weblike. His family could not 12 a corrective operation, and the boy lived in 13 , hiding his hand in his pocket.  I 14 my boss to let me do the story. After my story was broadcast, a doctor and a nurse called, offering to perform the 15 for free.  I visited the boy in the recovery room soon after the operation. The first thing he did was to hold up his 16 hand and say, “Thank you.” I felt a sense of 17 .  In the past, while I was 18 , I always sensed I was working for the customers, not the store. Today it’s the same. NBC News pays my salary, 19 I feel as if I work for the 20 , helping them make sense of the world. 1. A. maps B. titles C. articles D. reports 2. A. the reader B. the college student C. the shop owner D. the customer 3. A. a book B. a job C. some tea D. any help 4. A. planning B. saving C. preparing D. studying 5. A. read B. studied C. cooked D. worked 6. A. boring B. surprising C. satisfying D. disappointing 7. A. anything B. something C. nothing D. everything 8. A. in need B. in all C. in order D. in store 9. A. worried B. satisfied C. excited D. puzzled 10. A. pride B. failure C. regret D. surprise 11. A. doctor B. store owner C. bookseller D. TV reporter 12. A. pay B. cost C. afford D. spend 13. A. shame B. honour C. horror D. danger 14. A. advised B. forced C. persuaded D. permitted 15. A. action B. program C. treatment D. operation 16. A. repaired B. connected C. injured D. improved 17. A. pleasure B. sadness C. interest D. disappointment 18. A. at the TV station B. in the Students’ Union C. at the US Forest Service D. at McCarley’s Bookstore 19. A. so B. and C. but D. because 20. A. readers B. viewers C. customers D. passengers 五、语法填空G 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式，并将答案转写到答题卡上。 （2023年3月辽宁省普通高中学业水平合格性考试英语仿真模拟试卷2）Videos of 77-year-old Xu Xiuzhen, who speaks different languages with foreigners while working at a scenic spot selling water, postcards and headdress flowers, have brought her instant fame. Xu’s village is located at the base of Moon Hill, ___1___popular tourist destination famous for a moon-shaped hole at the summit. She ___2___(work) as a tour guide and vendor(小贩)in Yangshuo since 1998, ___3___the area became popular with foreign backpackers and organized tours. Xu said she would change words in any language into Chinese characters ___4___(base) on their pronunciations and then memorize them. She added that she would repeat the words in her head ___5___going to bed and after waking up, because it has given her ___6___(fluent) in basic conversations with foreigners. Over the past two decades, Xu has taught ___7___(she) 11 foreign languages, including English, Spanish, Japanese and Korean. In addition to making her ___8___(incredible)popular, her great linguistic skill has made it easier for her ___9___(communicate) with foreign tourists. Xu has also become one of the busiest tour guides in Yangshuo, ____10____(attract) a large crowd of tourists every day, especially foreign visitors, who come to meet the multilingual guide out of admiration. / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $