内容正文:
重大版 选必3 Unit 4 Invention and civilisation.词汇同步笔记
序号
单词
词形变化
派生词
核心考点
例句
1
ancestor n. 祖先
复数:ancestors
ancestral adj. 祖先的;ancestry n. 祖先谱系
1. ancestors of(……的祖先)2. ancient ancestors(远古祖先)
Many people are proud of their noble ancestors.(许多人为自己高贵的祖先感到骄傲。)
2
phenomena n. 现象(phenomenon 的复数)
单数:phenomenon
phenomenal adj. 显著的;非凡的
1. natural phenomena(自然现象)2. social phenomena(社会现象)
Rainbows and thunderstorms are common natural phenomena.(彩虹和雷暴是常见的自然现象。)
3
remote adj. 遥远的;偏僻的
比较级:remoter;最高级:remotest
remotely adv. 遥远地;remoteness n. 遥远
1. remote area(偏远地区)2. remote control(遥控器)
She spent a month volunteering in a remote mountain village.(她在一个偏远的山村做了一个月志愿者。)
4
succeeding adj. 随后的;以后的
无比较级/最高级
succeed v. 成功;success n. 成功
1. succeeding years(随后的几年)2. in the succeeding days(在接下来的日子里)
He achieved greater success in the succeeding years.(他在随后的几年里取得了更大的成功。)
5
cast vt. 浇铸
过去式/过去分词:cast;复数:casts
cast n. 铸件;casting n. 铸造
1. cast metal(铸造金属)2. cast a statue(铸造雕像)
The workers cast the iron into machine parts.(工人们把铁浇铸成机器零件。)
6
attempt n. 尝试 vt. 尝试
动词过去式/过去分词:attempted;复数:attempts
attempted adj. 未遂的
1. attempt to do(尝试做)2. make an attempt(尝试)
She attempted to climb the mountain alone.(她尝试独自攀登那座山。)
7
permanent adj. 永久的;永恒的
比较级:more permanent;最高级:most permanent
permanently adv. 永久地;permanence n. 永久
1. permanent job(固定工作)2. permanent residence(永久居留权)
This agreement ensures permanent peace between the two countries.(这份协议确保两国间的永久和平。)
8
costly adj. 昂贵的
比较级:costlier;最高级:costliest
无
1. costly mistake(代价高昂的错误)2. costly project(耗资巨大的项目)
The failure of the project was a costly lesson for the company.(这个项目的失败给公司上了昂贵的一课。)
9
practical adj. 实用的
比较级:more practical;最高级:most practical
practically adv. 实际上;practice n. 实践
1. practical skills(实用技能)2. practical advice(实用建议)
This tool is simple and practical for daily use.(这个工具简单实用,适合日常使用。)
10
medium n. 媒介;方法
复数:media/mediums;形容词比较级:more medium;最高级:most medium
media n. 媒体;mediate v. 调解
1. communication medium(传播媒介)2. by means of a medium(通过某种方式)
Internet has become an important medium of communication.(互联网已成为重要的传播媒介。)
11
carve vt. 雕刻
过去式/过去分词:carved;复数:carves
carving n. 雕刻品;carved adj. 雕刻的
1. carve patterns(雕刻图案)2. carve on wood(在木头上雕刻)
He carved a beautiful dragon on the wooden box.(他在木盒上雕刻了一条精美的龙。)
12
string vt. 用线穿起来 n. 线
动词过去式/过去分词:strung;复数:strings
stringed adj. 弦乐器的;stringy adj. 多筋的
1. string beads(穿珠子)2. a string of(一串)
She strung the pearls into a necklace.(她把珍珠串成了一条项链。)
13
resulting adj. 作为结果的
无比较级/最高级
result v. 导致;n. 结果
1. resulting from(由……导致)2. resulting effect(由此产生的效果)
The resulting damage was beyond repair.(由此造成的损坏无法修复。)
14
lighten vt. 使轻松;减轻
过去式/过去分词:lightened
light adj. 轻的;lightness n. 轻
1. lighten the burden(减轻负担)2. lighten the mood(缓和气氛)
Music can lighten people’s mood in difficult times.(音乐能在困难时期缓和人们的情绪。)
15
eventually adv. 最后;终于
无比较级/最高级
eventual adj. 最终的;eventuality n. 可能性
1. eventually succeed(最终成功)2. eventually arrive(最终到达)
After many failures, he eventually achieved his goal.(经历多次失败后,他最终实现了目标。)
16
urgent adj. 紧急的;急迫的
比较级:more urgent;最高级:most urgent
urgently adv. 紧急地;urgency n. 紧急
1. urgent matter(紧急事务)2. be urgent for(急需)
Please call me back if it’s an urgent matter.(如果是紧急事务,请给我回电话。)
17
convenient adj. 方便的
比较级:more convenient;最高级:most convenient
conveniently adv. 方便地;convenience n. 方便
1. be convenient for(对……方便)2. convenient time(方便的时间)
Online shopping is convenient for busy people.(网上购物对忙碌的人来说很方便。)
18
pound vt. 捣烂 n. 英镑;(量词)磅
动词过去式/过去分词:pounded;复数:pounds
无
1. pound garlic(捣蒜)2. a pound of meat(一磅肉)
She pounded the spices into a fine powder.(她把香料捣成细粉。)
19
inexpensive adj. 便宜的;廉价的
比较级:more inexpensive;最高级:most inexpensive
expensive adj. 昂贵的;expense n. 费用
1. inexpensive goods(廉价商品)2. inexpensive restaurant(平价餐厅)
We found an inexpensive hotel near the station.(我们在车站附近找到了一家平价酒店。)
20
widespread adj. 广泛的;广为流传的
比较级:more widespread;最高级:most widespread
无
1. widespread influence(广泛影响)2. widespread belief(普遍看法)
The idea of environmental protection has gained widespread support.(环保理念得到了广泛支持。)
21
tortoise n. 乌龟
复数:tortoises
无
1. giant tortoise(巨型乌龟)2. tortoise shell(乌龟壳)
The tortoise moves slowly but steadily.(乌龟走得慢但很稳。)
22
shell n. 壳;贝壳
复数:shells;动词过去式/过去分词:shelled
shell v. 剥壳;shelled adj. 带壳的
1. sea shell(贝壳)2. egg shell(蛋壳)
Children collected beautiful shells on the beach.(孩子们在海滩上收集了漂亮的贝壳。)
23
inscribe vt. 雕
过去式/过去分词:inscribed
inscription n. 铭文;inscriptive adj. 铭文的
1. inscribe words(雕刻文字)2. inscribe on stone(刻在石头上)
The poet’s name was inscribed on the monument.(诗人的名字被刻在了纪念碑上。)
24
inscription n. 铭文;题词
复数:inscriptions
inscribe v. 雕刻;inscriptive adj. 铭文的
1. ancient inscriptions(古代铭文)2. inscription on a tablet(碑文)
Archaeologists studied the inscriptions on the old stone.(考古学家研究了这块旧石头上的铭文。)
25
cooking vessel 蒸煮器;锅
无词形变化
无
1. clay cooking vessel(陶制蒸煮器)2. use a cooking vessel(使用蒸煮器)
The ancient people used clay cooking vessels to cook food.(古代人用陶制蒸煮器做饭。)
26
strip n. 带;条状
复数:strips;动词过去式/过去分词:stripped
strip v. 剥去;stripped adj. 剥离的
1. paper strip(纸条)2. metal strip(金属条)
She cut the cloth into narrow strips.(她把布剪成窄条。)
27
rag n. 破布
复数:rags
ragged adj. 破烂的;raggy adj. 毛茸茸的
1. old rag(旧破布)2. a bundle of rags(一捆破布)
He used a rag to clean the dirty table.(他用一块破布擦脏桌子。)
28
ingredient n. 原料;要素
复数:ingredients
无
1. food ingredients(食品原料)2. key ingredient(关键要素)
Flour and sugar are basic ingredients for making cakes.(面粉和糖是做蛋糕的基本原料。)
29
paste n. 糊状物
复数:pastes;动词过去式/过去分词:pasted
paste v. 粘贴;pasty adj. 糊状的
1. toothpaste(牙膏)2. bean paste(豆沙)
She put some paste on the envelope and sealed it.(她在信封上涂了些糨糊,把它封好。)
30
layer n. 层;膜
复数:layers;动词过去式/过去分词:layered
layer v. 分层;layered adj. 分层的
1. a layer of(一层……)2. outer layer(外层)
The cake has three layers with cream in between.(这个蛋糕有三层,中间夹着奶油。)
31
durable adj. 耐用的
比较级:more durable;最高级:most durable
durably adv. 耐用地;durability n. 耐用性
1. durable goods(耐用品)2. durable material(耐用材料)
This brand of shoes is durable and comfortable.(这个牌子的鞋子既耐用又舒适。)
32
accomplishment n. 成就
复数:accomplishments
accomplish v. 完成;accomplished adj. 有造诣的
1. great accomplishment(伟大成就)2. academic accomplishment(学术成就)
His greatest accomplishment is inventing this new technology.(他最大的成就是发明了这项新技术。)
33
apart from… 除……以外(还)
无词形变化
无
1. apart from English(除了英语之外)
Apart from math, he is good at all other subjects.(除了数学,他其他科目都很好。)
34
so far 迄今为止
无词形变化
无
1. so far(到目前为止,用于现在完成时)
So far, we have received over 100 applications.(到目前为止,我们已经收到了100多份申请。)
35
weigh up to 重达
无词形变化
无
1. weigh up to 100 kilograms(重达100公斤)
The giant panda can weigh up to 150 kilograms.(大熊猫的体重可达150公斤。)
36
in urgent need of 急需
无词形变化
无
1. in urgent need of help(急需帮助)
The disaster-stricken area is in urgent need of medical supplies.(灾区急需医疗物资。)
37
cut… into… 把……切成……
无词形变化
无
1. cut apples into pieces(把苹果切成块)
She cut the meat into small pieces for cooking.(她把肉切成小块准备烹饪。)
38
pound… into 把……捣成
无词形变化
无
1. pound rice into flour(把米捣成粉)
The villagers pounded corn into powder with a stone mortar.(村民们用石臼把玉米捣成粉。)
39
all parts of 到处
无词形变化
无
1. all parts of the country(全国各地)
His works are popular in all parts of the world.(他的作品在世界各地都很受欢迎。)
40
dot n. 点;原点
复数:dots;动词过去式/过去分词:dotted
dot v. 点缀;dotted adj. 带点的
1. red dot(红点)2. dotted with(点缀着)
The sky was dotted with stars on a clear night.(晴朗的夜晚,天空点缀着星星。)
41
edition n. 版次
复数:editions
edit v. 编辑;editor n. 编辑
1. first edition(第一版)2. new edition(新版)
The novel’s third edition was published last month.(这本小说的第三版上个月出版了。)
42
launch n. 发行 vt. 发行
动词过去式/过去分词:launched;复数:launches
launcher n. 发射器
1. launch a book(发行一本书)2. product launch(产品发布)
The publishing house will launch a new magazine next year.(出版社明年将发行一本新杂志。)
43
revise vt. 修正;复习
过去式/过去分词:revised
revision n. 修订;复习;revised adj. 修订的
1. revise a plan(修改计划)2. revise for exams(复习备考)
She spent the weekend revising her essay.(她周末修改了自己的作文。)
44
movable adj. 可移动的
比较级:more movable;最高级:most movable
move v. 移动;movement n. 移动
1. movable furniture(可移动家具)2. movable property(动产)
The desk is movable, so we can rearrange the room.(这张桌子是可移动的,我们可以重新布置房间。)
45
type-setting n. 排字
无复数
typeset v. 排字;typesetter n. 排字工人
1. manual type-setting(手工排字)2. computerized type-setting(电脑排字)
Type-setting is an important step in book publishing.(排字是书籍出版的重要步骤。)
46
impact n. 影响
复数:impacts;动词过去式/过去分词:impacted
impact v. 影响;impactful adj. 有影响力的
1. have an impact on(对……有影响)2. positive impact(积极影响)
Technology has a great impact on people’s daily lives.(科技对人们的日常生活有很大影响。)
47
It's really a pity that… 真的很遗憾……
无词形变化
无
1. It's really a pity that he missed the party.(他错过了派对,真的很遗憾。)
It's really a pity that we can’t travel together.(我们不能一起旅行,真的很遗憾。)
48
namely adv. 即
无比较级/最高级
无
1. namely(即,也就是)
He has three hobbies, namely reading, hiking and painting.(他有三个爱好,即阅读、徒步旅行和绘画。)
49
printing n. 印刷(术)
无复数
print v. 印刷;printer n. 打印机
1. digital printing(数字印刷)2. printing industry(印刷业)
The invention of printing changed the spread of knowledge.(印刷术的发明改变了知识的传播方式。)
50
gunpowder n. 火药
不可数
无
1. invent gunpowder(发明火药)2. gunpowder weapon(火药武器)
Gunpowder is one of China’s Four Great Inventions.(火药是中国的四大发明之一。)
51
compass n. 指南针
复数:compasses
无
1. magnetic compass(磁罗盘)2. compass for navigation(导航指南针)
The compass helped sailors find their way at sea.(指南针帮助水手在海上辨别方向。)
52
play an important role 起到重要作用
无词形变化
无
1. play an important role in(在……中起重要作用)
Education plays an important role in personal development.(教育在个人发展中起重要作用。)
53
shortcoming n. 缺点;短处
复数:shortcomings
无
1. overcome shortcomings(克服缺点)2. obvious shortcoming(明显的缺点)
Everyone has their own shortcomings; we should learn to accept them.(每个人都有自己的缺点,我们应该学会接受。)
54
apparent adj. 显然的
比较级:more apparent;最高级:most apparent
apparently adv. 显然地;appearance n. 外表
1. apparent advantage(明显优势)2. be apparent to(对……来说很明显)
It is apparent that she has made great progress.(显然她取得了很大的进步。)
55
time-consuming adj. 耗时的
无比较级/最高级
consume v. 消耗;consumption n. 消耗
1. time-consuming task(耗时的任务)
Writing a good essay is a time-consuming process.(写一篇好文章是一个耗时的过程。)
56
dramatic adj. 引人注目的
比较级:more dramatic;最高级:most dramatic
drama n. 戏剧;dramatically adv. 显著地
1. dramatic change(显著变化)2. dramatic performance(精彩表演)
There has been a dramatic increase in online shopping.(网上购物出现了显著增长。)
57
be regarded as a revolution 被视为一场革命
无词形变化
无
1. be regarded as a technological revolution(被视为一场技术革命)
The invention of the Internet is regarded as a revolution.(互联网的发明被视为一场革命。)
58
primitive adj. 原始的
比较级:more primitive;最高级:most primitive
primitively adv. 原始地;primitiveness n. 原始
1. primitive society(原始社会)2. primitive tools(原始工具)
Primitive people used stone tools to hunt animals.(原始人用石器捕猎动物。)
59
the latter 后者
无词形变化
无
1. the former... the latter...(前者……后者……)
He offered two solutions, and I preferred the latter.(他提出了两个解决方案,我更喜欢后者。)
60
unclear adj. 不清楚的
比较级:more unclear;最高级:most unclear
clear adj. 清楚的;clearly adv. 清楚地
1. unclear meaning(意思不清楚)2. unclear situation(局势不明)
The instructions on the box are unclear; I don’t know how to use it.(盒子上的说明不清楚,我不知道怎么用。)
61
superior adj. 优秀的;出众的
比较级:more superior;最高级:most superior
superiority n. 优越性;superiorly adv. 优越地
1. be superior to(优于……)2. superior quality(优质)
This product is superior to others in quality.(这款产品在质量上优于其他产品。)
62
apparently adv. 显然地;似乎
无比较级/最高级
apparent adj. 显然的;appearance n. 外表
1. apparently true(显然是真的)2. apparently healthy(看起来健康)
He apparently forgot about our appointment.(他显然忘了我们的约会。)
63
intelligent adj. 聪明的
比较级:more intelligent;最高级:most intelligent
intelligence n. 智力;intelligently adv. 聪明地
1. intelligent student(聪明的学生)2. artificial intelligence(人工智能)
She is an intelligent girl who learns things quickly.(她是个聪明的女孩,学东西很快。)
64
written adj. 书面的
无比较级/最高级
write v. 写;writing n. 写作
1. written exam(笔试)2. written English(书面英语)
You need to submit a written report next week.(你下周需要提交一份书面报告。)
65
enrich vt. 改善……的质量
过去式/过去分词:enriched
enrichment n. 丰富;enriched adj. 富含的
1. enrich life(丰富生活)2. enrich knowledge(增长知识)
Reading can enrich our spiritual world.(阅读能丰富我们的精神世界。)
66
soil n. 土地
复数:soils
soily adj. 多泥的;soil erosion 水土流失
1. fertile soil(肥沃的土地)2. plow the soil(耕地)
Plants grow well in fertile soil.(植物在肥沃的土地上长得好。)
67
fundamental adj. 基本的;根本的
比较级:more fundamental;最高级:most fundamental
fundamentally adv. 根本上;fundament n. 基础
1. fundamental principles(基本原则)2. fundamental change(根本变化)
Respect is a fundamental value in any relationship.(尊重是任何关系中的基本价值观。)
68
civilised adj. 文明的;有礼貌的
无比较级/最高级
civilise v. 使文明;civilisation n. 文明
1. civilised society(文明社会)2. civilised behavior(文明行为)
We should behave in a civilised way in public.(我们在公共场合应该举止文明。)
69
extension n. 扩大;伸展
复数:extensions
extend v. 延伸;extensive adj. 广泛的
1. extension of time(延期)2. extension of knowledge(知识的扩展)
He asked for an extension of the project deadline.(他要求延长项目截止日期。)
70
extend vt./vi. 延伸;扩展
过去式/过去分词:extended
extension n. 扩展;extensive adj. 广泛的
1. extend a hand(伸出手)2. extend from... to...(从……延伸到……)
The forest extends for miles to the east.(这片森林向东延伸数英里。)
71
industrial adj. 工业的
无比较级/最高级
industry n. 工业;industrialise v. 工业化
1. industrial area(工业区)2. industrial development(工业发展)
The city has developed a strong industrial base.(这座城市已经形成了强大的工业基础。)
72
ape n. 猿
复数:apes
无
1. gorilla ape(大猩猩)2. human ape(类人猿)
Apes are intelligent animals closely related to humans.(猿是与人类亲缘关系密切的聪明动物。)
73
narrative n. 叙事;讲述 adj. 叙事的
复数:narratives
narrate v. 叙述;narrator n. 叙述者
1. historical narrative(历史叙事)2. narrative style(叙事风格)
The novel has a fascinating narrative about adventure.(这部小说有一个引人入胜的冒险叙事。)
74
cave n. 洞穴
复数:caves;动词过去式/过去分词:caved
cave v. 塌陷;cave-in n. 塌方
1. natural cave(天然洞穴)2. cave dwelling(窑洞)
Ancient people lived in caves to avoid wild animals.(古代人住在洞穴里躲避野兽。)
75
dawn n. 黎明;开端
不可数;动词过去式/过去分词:dawned
dawn v. 破晓;dawnless adj. 无黎明的
1. at dawn(在黎明)2. the dawn of a new era(新时代的开端)
We set off at dawn to climb the mountain.(我们黎明出发去爬山。)
76
technical adj. 科技的;技术上的
比较级:more technical;最高级:most technical
technology n. 技术;technically adv. 技术上
1. technical support(技术支持)2. technical problem(技术问题)
He has rich experience in solving technical problems.(他在解决技术问题方面有丰富经验。)
77
revolutionary adj. 革命的
比较级:more revolutionary;最高级:most revolutionary
revolution n. 革命;revolutionise v. 彻底改革
1. revolutionary ideas(革命思想)2. revolutionary technology(革命性技术)
The smartphone is a revolutionary invention.(智能手机是一项革命性的发明。)
78
revolution n. 革命
复数:revolutions
revolutionary adj. 革命的;revolutionise v. 彻底改革
1. industrial revolution(工业革命)2. cultural revolution(文化革命)
The Industrial Revolution changed the world greatly.(工业革命极大地改变了世界。)
79
in the development of 在……的发展中
无词形变化
无
in the development of science(在科学的发展中)
He made important contributions in the development of medicine.(他在医学的发展中做出了重要贡献。)
80
no doubt 毫无疑问
无词形变化
无
no doubt(毫无疑问)
No doubt, hard work is the key to success.(毫无疑问,努力是成功的关键。)
81
be necessary for 对……是必不可少的
无词形变化
无
be necessary for life(对生命必不可少)
Water is necessary for all living things.(水对所有生物都是必不可少的。)
82
the number of ……的数量(是)
无词形变化
无
the number of students(学生的数量)
The number of people using smartphones is increasing.(使用智能手机的人数在增加。)
83
be used for 用于
无词形变化
无
be used for cooking(用于烹饪)
This tool is used for cutting wood.(这个工具用于砍柴。)
84
in this respect 就这方面而言
无词形变化
无
in this respect(在这方面)
In this respect, his idea is better than ours.(在这方面,他的想法比我们的好。)
85
side by side 肩并肩地
无词形变化
无
walk side by side(肩并肩走路)
They walked side by side along the riverbank.(他们肩并肩沿着河岸走。)
86
be inclined to 持某种意见;倾向于
无词形变化
无
be inclined to agree(倾向于同意)
I am inclined to think that he is right.(我倾向于认为他是对的。)
87
long before 在很久以前
无词形变化
无
long before(很久以前,用于过去完成时)
People knew about electricity long before Edison invented the light bulb.(在爱迪生发明电灯泡很久以前,人们就知道电了。)
88
in the end 最后;最终
无词形变化
无
in the end(最后)
In the end, they decided to start their own business.(最后,他们决定自己创业。)
89
develop out of 从……中发展而来
无词形变化
无
develop out of an idea(从一个想法发展而来)
The new theory developed out of years of research.(这个新理论是从多年的研究中发展而来的。)
90
keep records 做记录(记载)
无词形变化
无
keep detailed records(做详细记录)
Scientists keep records of weather changes every day.(科学家每天记录天气变化。)
91
become accustomed to 习惯于
无词形变化
无
become accustomed to hard work(习惯于辛苦工作)
She soon became accustomed to the new life.(她很快就习惯了新生活。)
92
mean to 打算;意指
无词形变化
无
1. mean to do(打算做)2. mean that(意指)
I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.(我不是故意要伤害你的感情。)
93
neither of (两者)都不
无词形变化
无
neither of them(他们俩都不)
Neither of the two plans is suitable for us.(这两个计划对我们都不合适。)
94
be compared… to 与……相比
无词形变化
无
be compared to a candle(被比作蜡烛)
Teachers are often compared to gardeners.(教师常被比作园丁。)
学科网(北京)股份有限公司
$