专题05 语法填空（知识梳理+高频考点精讲+进阶分级练）（讲义，全国通用）英语学业水平考试合格考总复习

专题05 语法填空 ( 目录 学考要求速览 ................................................................................................................1 必备知识梳理 ................................................................................................................2 高频考点精讲 ................................................................................................................8 进阶分级练 ..................................................................................................................15 ) 语法填空旨在通过语篇测试考生的语言知识与技能，其命题原则是“突出语篇，强调运用”，旨在通过完整、真实、综合的语境考查考生活学活用语言知识的能力。在解题时，要强化语篇的整体意识：首先要通读语篇，在理解语篇大意、把握时态的基础上，再逐空解题，否则就会犯“只见树木，不见森林”的方向性错误。 1. 掌握语法知识在语篇中的运用能力 2. 熟悉动词相关语法项目 3. 熟练掌握词性转换及虚词的使用 考点一谓语动词 谓语动词指的是在句子中可以单独作谓语的动词，主要包括实义动词和动词短语。一个简单句有且只能有一个谓语动词。若是由多个简单句组成的并列句，则有几个简单句就应有几个谓语动词。谓语动词的形式变化主要包括时态、语态和主谓一致。 一、确定是否谓语动词 确定谓语动词两步骤 第一步：确定谓语动词 分析句子结构来判断该句是简单句、并列句还是复合句。若是简单句，主语后面的就是谓语动词；若是并列句，前后两个句子都要有自己的谓语动词；若是复合句，主句和从句都要有自己的谓语动词。 第二步：确定谓语动词的形式 1．根据语境、并列谓语、时间标志词等确定用哪种时态； 2．根据主语与谓语之间是主动关系还是被动关系确定语态； 3．根据主语的单复数确定谓语动词的形式，做到主谓一致。 二、如何判断谓语动词的时态 方法(一)　寻找时间状语 认清常考时态的标志性时间状语 1．看到often, seldom, occasionally, usually, always, every time, sometimes等时间状语，要想到用一般现在时。 2．看到previously, yesterday, last year, in 2022, the other day, two days ago, 一段时间＋later等时间状语，要想到用一般过去时。 3．看到tomorrow, next year, in a week, in the future, soon等时间状语，要想到用一般将来时。 4．看到at this moment, at present, now等时间状语，要想到用现在进行时。 5．看到since, recently, lately, already, in (over, during) the last/past few years, so far/up to now, for＋时间段， ever since等时间状语，要想到用现在完成时。 6．看到by then, by the end of等时间状语，要想到用过去完成时。 方法(二)　依据平行关系 1．可根据并列连词and, but, or, rather than, neither ...nor ..., either ...or, not only ...but also ...等前后的谓语动词形式确定所填谓语动词的时态。 2．同一个主语的两个或两个以上的并列谓语的时态要一致。 方法(三)　利用固定句式 常见的固定句式 1．was/were doing ...when＋一般过去时 2．was/were about to do ...when＋一般过去时 3．it is the＋序数词＋time＋that＋现在完成时 4．it was the＋序数词＋time＋that＋过去完成时 5．No sooner had＋主语＋done ...than＋一般过去时 6．Hardly/Scarcely had＋主语＋done ...when＋一般过去时 7．It will be＋时间段＋before＋一般现在时 8．祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句，陈述句用一般将来时 9．It's (high) time that ...did/should do sth.(should不能省略) 方法(四)　借助语境暗示 空处作谓语，在没有标志性的时间状语且其他参照物都不明显的情况下，通过正确理解语境，即通过题干或上下中的语境暗示解题，也是解决时态问题的一种行之有效的方法。 三、如何判断谓语动词的语态 1．分析句子结构，发现提示词作谓语，若与主语之间是主动关系，应考虑用主动语态；若是被动关系则考虑用被动语态。 2．被动语态的基本形式为：be＋过去分词，情态动词＋be done。 3．做题步骤一般分为两步：先考虑语态，再考虑时态。 4．常考的被动语态有： 时态 被动语态的构成 一般现在时 am/is/are＋过去分词 一般过去时 was/were＋过去分词 一般将来时 will be＋过去分词 现在完成时 has/have been＋过去分词 过去完成时 had been＋过去分词 现在进行时 am/is/are being＋过去分词 四、如何判断谓语动词的单复数 方法(一)　利用语法一致原则 主语 谓语 不可数名词、可数名词单数、动名词(短语)或动词不定式、主语从句，the number of＋可数名词复数 单数 可数名词复数，and连接的两个名词表示两者以上，a number of＋可数名词复数 复数 方法(二)　利用意义一致原则 主语 谓语 “the＋形容词”表示抽象概念 单数 强调整体的集合名词 单数 “the＋形容词”表示一类人或物；强调个体的集合名词 复数 由连词and连接的并列成分指的是同一概念，兼具身份或匹配出现 单数 方法(三)　利用就近一致原则 主语 谓语 neither ...nor ..., either ...or ..., not only ...but also ..., not ...but ...等连接的主语 与邻近主语一致 “here/there＋谓语＋主语”结构中的主语不止一个时 与邻近主语一致 考点二：非谓语动词 非谓语动词指的是在句子中不能作谓语的动词，它没有人称和数的变化，主要包括不定式、现在分词(动词-ing)和过去分词。非谓语动词具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，在句中可以充当主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、宾语补足语等。 一、如何确定是否作非谓语 确定非谓语动词两步骤 第一步：确定是否为非谓语动词 若句中已有谓语动词，又不是作并列谓语时，则要考虑填非谓语动词。 第二步：确定填何种非谓语形式 1．提示词与逻辑主语是主谓关系时常用动词-ing形式； 2．提示词与逻辑主语是动宾关系时常用过去分词形式。 二、如何确定填何种非谓语形式 方法(一)　成分分析法 非谓语动词的“意义区别” 1．作主语、宾语或表语 (1)动词-ing：抽象性、经常性动作；已知的事或经验。 (2)不定式：具体性、一次性动作；未完的事或目的。2.作表语 (1)动词-ing：多表示主语的特征。 (2)过去分词：主要是表示主语的状态。 3．作定语 (1)动词-ing：正在发生、主动的动作。 (2)过去分词：已经完成、被动的动作。 (3)动词不定式：一般式表示未发生或经常性的动作；完成式表示已发生的动作。 4．作状语 (1)动词-ing：与主语是主谓关系，一般式表示与谓语动作同时发生；完成式表示先于谓语动作发生。 (2)过去分词：与主语是动宾关系，先于谓语动作发生。 (3)动词不定式：主动式表示与主语是主谓关系；被动式表示与主语是动宾关系。一般式表示在谓语动作后发生；完成式表示在谓语动作前发生。 5.作补语 1动词-ing：主动、进行的动作。 2过去分词：被动、完成的动作。 3动词不定式：将来的动作。 方法(二)　 线索暗示法 1．看到介词或带介词的固定搭配要想到用动词-ing形式作宾语。 2．看到介词but/except要想到后接不定式作宾语，且前面有实义动词do时，不定式要省略to。如We had no choice but to obey./He wouldn't talk about work, except to say that he was busy./What can we do but sit and wait? 3．看到并列连词and, but, or，要想到其前后的非谓语动词应保持一致。 方法(三)　 逻辑关系法 1．找逻辑主语 (1)作定语时，所修饰的中心词是逻辑主语； (2)作状语时，句子的主语是逻辑主语； (3)作补足语时，句子的宾语是逻辑主语。 2．判断逻辑关系 (1)逻辑主语和不定式之间为主动关系时，用动词不定式的主动形式；逻辑主语和不定式之间为被动关系时，用动词不定式的被动形式。 (2)逻辑主语和分词之间为主动关系时，用动词-ing；逻辑主语和分词之间为被动关系时，用过去分词。 方法(四)　固定搭配法 1．下列动词只能用不定式作宾语 (1)决心学会想希望，拒绝设法愿假装 decide/determine, learn, want, expect/hope/wish; refuse, manage, care, pretend (2)主动答应选计划，同意请求帮一帮 offer, promise, choose, plan; agree, ask/beg, help 2．下列动词(短语)只能用动词-ing作宾语 (1)考虑建议盼原谅，承认推迟没得想 consider, suggest/advise, look forward to, excuse/pardon; admit, delay/put off, fancy (2)避免错过继续练，否认完成就欣赏 avoid, miss, keep/keep on, practice; deny, finish, enjoy/appreciate (3)禁止想象才冒险，不禁介意准逃亡 forbid, imagine, risk; can't help (禁不住), mind, allow/permit, escape 3．其后接动词-ing或不定式作宾语(意义不同)的动词：remember, regret, need, try, mean等。 4．其后接不定式作宾语补足语的动词：tell，order，allow，permit，enable，persuade，force，warn，encourage，inspire, expect等。 5．其他常用搭配 (1)spend time doing sth. (2)have difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth. (3)have a good time (in) doing sth. (4)waste ...(in) doing sth. (5)It is/was＋形容词(＋for/of sb.)＋to do sth. (6)It is no use/good doing sth. (7)It takes sb.some time to do sth. (8)It's worthwhile to do/doing sth. 考点三 并列连词与主从复合句 无提示词类是语法填空考查的重点之一，尤其对于连词和三大从句的考查更是一个难点。此类题目要求考生能够准确分析句子结构，弄清空处上下文之间的逻辑关系，确定空处在句中所作成分。因此，考生需要较强的综合分析能力。鉴于此，本讲将重点阐释连词和三大从句的解题要领，以期帮助考生提高做题的准确率。 一、并列连词 方法(一)　关系分析法 分析设空前后单词、短语或分句之间的关系，确定用哪个连词。 1．表示并列或递进关系的连词有and, both ...and ..., not only ...but (also) ...等； 2．表示选择关系的连词有or, either ...or ..., whether ...or ..., neither ...nor ...等； 3．表示转折或对比关系的连词有but/yet, while, not ...but ...等； 4．表示因果关系的连词有because, so, for等； 5．表示让步关系的连词有although，though和while等。 方法(二)　固定句型法 1．祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句 2．be doing sth.when ...　正在做某事，这时…… had just done sth. when ... 刚做完某事，这时…… be about to do sth.when ... 正要做某事，这时…… be on the point of doing sth. when ... 正要做某事，这时…… hardly ...when ... 一……就…… 二、定语从句关系词 4步法确定定语从句关系词 第一步：确定是定语从句 分析句子结构，设空处无提示词，设空后的句子不完整，且对设空前的某一名词、代词或整个主句起限定作用，就要考虑填定语从句的关系词。 第二步：分清限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句 在先行词的后面出现逗号的是非限制性定语从句。 (1)that不能引导非限制性定语从句； (2)which引导非限制性定语从句，可以代表主句的全部或部分内容； (3)as引导非限制性定语从句，可置于句首、句中或句末，意为“正如”。 第三步：寻找先行词，判断属性(指人还是指物，表示时间、地点，还是原因) (1)先行词指人用that/who/whom/whose引导； (2)先行词指物用that/which/whose引导； (3)表示时间/地点/原因用when/where/why引导。 第四步：判断从句中所缺成分，确定关系词 (1)缺少主语用that/which/who； (2)缺少动词的宾语用that/which/who/whom； (3)缺少介词的宾语用whom/which； (4)缺少定语用whose； (5)缺少时间、地点或原因状语时，分别用when、 where、 why。 三、名词性从句 “名词性从句”语法填空的4个思考方向 方向1：从句中不缺句子成分且句意完整 分析句子结构，从句中不缺任何成分且句子意义完整，应考虑that引导同位语从句、表语从句或宾语从句，此时that没有词义，也不作任何成分。 方向2：从句中不缺句子成分但句意不完整 分析句子结构，从句中不缺任何成分，但句意中缺少“是否”的意思时，则应考虑whether引导名词性从句，if可以用于引导及物动词后的宾语从句。 方向3：从句中缺少主语、宾语、表语 分析句子结构，从句中缺少主语、宾语、表语，考虑用连接代词what、 who、 whom、 which、 whatever等。 方向4：从句中缺少状语 分析句子结构并结合句意判断，从句中缺少状语，考虑用连接副词where (表示地点)、 when (表示时间)、 how (表示方式)、 why (表示原因)等。 四、状语从句连接词 方法(一)　句意法 1．根据句意确定是什么状语从句，进而确定连接词。 2．常见的状语从句的连接词有： (1)时间状语从句while/when/as/since/before/after/until (2)条件状语从句if/unless/once (3)让步状语从句though/although/while/as (4)地点状语从句where (5)原因状语从句because/since/as 方法(二)　固定句式法 根据固定句式来确定连接词，常见的固定句式有： 1.so/such ...that ... 2.not ...until ... 3.It will/won't be＋ ...＋before ... 4.It was＋ ...＋before ... 5.It is some time＋since ... 6.whether ...or not ... 7.no sooner ...than ... 8.hardly ...when ... 考点一：谓语动词 例1　Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, inspired by The Peony Pavilion, ________ (build) at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes' walk from Shakespeare's birthplace. 例2　(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)Further, the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse ________ (walk) visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road, by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for the first time ...The garden also contains a winding path that guides visitors through the twelve regions of the Silk Road. 例3 (2024· 浙江1月高考)Over the last two years, some supermarkets ________ (start) selling chicken or salad in packs designed with two halves containing separate portions (份)． 1　(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷)As a little girl, I ______ (wish) to be a zookeeper when I grew up.Now, I'm living out that dream indirectly by helping the panda keepers do their job in English. 2　(2023·浙江1月高考改编)The adult bees were angry and ________ (keep) attacking as Ziyad escaped from the tree. 3　Hainanese chicken rice not only ________ (satisfy) the diners, but also embodies the taste of home for overseas Chinese from Hainan. 4　(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)Henry ________ (fix) his car when he heard the screams. 5　It is the first time in the history that the Chinese team ________ (achieve) such a good result in the Games. 6　I say to him with a cheerful smile, “Go to exercise and you ________ (feel) better.” 7　(2024·全国甲卷)They ________ (be) part of a 15-member exploring party that had spent almost five awesome weeks in witness of the natural beauties there. 8　(2023·浙江1月高考)In the Ming Dynasty ...The large siheyuan of these high-ranking officials and wealthy businessmen often ________ (feature) beautifully carved and painted roof beams and pillars (柱子)．The hutongs they formed were orderly ... 9　(2022·全国乙卷)To celebrate the festival, a number of events took place at the Chinese Businessman Museum in Beijing on Thursday. The chairman of the China Culture Promotion Society ________ (address) the opening ceremony. 10　(2024·全国甲卷)What should ________ (do) with such a beautiful place? 11　(2023·全国乙卷) ...I ________ (amaze) by the co-existence of old and new, and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing. 12　(2022·浙江1月高考)Kim Cobb, a professor at the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta, is one of a small but growing minority of academics who are cutting back on their air travel because of climate change.Travelling to conferences, lectures, workshops, and the like — frequently by plane — ________ (view) as important for scientists to get together and exchange information. 13　(2024·新高考Ⅱ卷)Some of the things that Tang was writing about ________ (be) also Shakespeare's concerns. 14　(2023·全国乙卷)The remarkable development of this city, which is consciously designed to protect the past while stepping into the modern world, ________ (mean) there is always something new to discover here ... 15 Practicing, to sum up, ________ (be) of greatest importance for those who are determined to learn knowledge well. 16　Our school is carrying on a reform in education and each boy and each girl ________ (have) access to a table computer as well as the Internet. 17　On that day, there ________ (be) lots of conventional celebration activities. 18　At present neither my wife nor I myself ________ (be) able to persuade my daughter to change her mind. 考点一：非谓语动词 例1　(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)These sepals open on warm days ________ (give) the inside plants sunshine and fresh air. 例2　(2023·全国乙卷)________ (visit) several times over the last 10 years, I was amazed by the co-existence of old and new, and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing. 例3　(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)In cold weather, the structure stays ________ (close) to protect the plants. 1.　(2024·新高考Ⅱ卷)________ (recall) watching a Chinese opera version of Shakespeare's play Richard Ⅲ in Shanghai and meeting Chinese actors who came to Stratford a few years ago to perform parts of The Peony Pavilion, Edmondson said, “It was very exciting to hear the Chinese language and see how Tang's play was being performed.” 2 (2021·全国甲卷)After ________ (spend) some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall, we decided it was time for some action and what better than to ride on a piece of history! 3　(2020·新高考全国卷Ⅱ)These days, it is not unusual for 10-to 12-year-olds to publish their own websites or for second and third graders ________ (begin) computer classes. 4　(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)Nanxiang aside, the best xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them ________ (lift) out of the steamer basket without tearing or spilling any of their contents. 5 They make great gifts and you see them many times ________ (decorate) with red envelopes and messages of good fortune. 6“That's true.The ‘Chinglish’ expression ‘add oil’ has made it into the world's most authoritative Oxford English Dictionary (OED)，” Professor Tseng said on his online personal blog, ________ (provide) a screenshot of the OED's explanation of the phrase. 7　(2024·全国甲卷)Although parks of all sizes and types exist at any level, the national parks, in particular, tend ________ (catch) our attention because of their large size and variety. 8　(2024·新高考Ⅱ卷)Those cultural elements have increased Stratford's international visibility, said Edmondson, adding that visitors walking through the Birthplace Garden were often amazed ________ (find) the connection between the two great writers. 9　(2023·全国乙卷)As a photographer, I have spent the last two years ________ (record) everything I discovered. 考点三：并列连词与主从复合句 例1　(2024·新高考Ⅱ卷)It was very exciting to hear the Chinese language ________ see how Tang's play was being performed. 例2　(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)To eat one, you have to decide whether to bite a small hole in it first, releasing the steam and risking a spill (溢出), ________ to put the whole dumpling in your mouth, letting the hot soup explode on your tongue. 例3　(2023·全国乙卷)It is a distinct visual contrast (反差) that shouldn't work, ________ somehow these two very different worlds make a good combination. 例4 Still, eat well and enjoy yourself every day in life, ________ you will get a worthwhile reward. 例5　One day, the cow was eating grass ______ it began to rain heavily. 例6　(2024·全国甲卷)Yellowstone was the largest United States national park — 2.2 million acres — until Wrangell-Saint Elias in southern Alaska, ________ became a national monument in 1978, took the honors as a national park in 1980 with 12.3 million acres. 1　(2024·新高考Ⅱ卷)Chinese cultural elements commemorating (纪念) Tang Xianzu, ________ is known as “the Shakespeare of Asia，” add an international character to Stratford-upon-Avon, William Shakespeare's hometown. 2　(2024·全国甲卷)On a cool, starry night in mid-September 1870, four men relaxed before a campfire along the Firehole River in ______ is now northwestern Wyoming. 3　(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷)They also need to be ready to give interviews in English with international journalists.This is ________ they need an English trainer. 4　(2022·浙江1月高考)Cobb, for her part, started to ask conference organizers who invited her to speak ________ she could do so remotely; about three-quarters of the time, they agreed. 5　The belief behind it is ________ illness and pain occur because of blocked energy (or Qi) in the body.Acupuncture is used to reestablish the flow of energy and stimulate the body's natural healing (治愈) ability. 6　Tiangong Space Station will be the only space station still up and running in the universe one day ________ the International Space Station retires by around the end of the decade as expected. 7　________ he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary (传奇的) artist, they smiled and pointed down the river. 8　________it's body image, money, or fame, humble bragging is finding its way into our lives more frequently than before, thanks to social media. 9　Without complex decoration(s), it combines buildings with scenery so well ________ the whole garden appears to be naturally endowed (赋予)． （一） 1.阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Fu Tian, a college student, cut firewood for 1 (he) grandparents during the winter vacation. The neighbors 2 (praise) him as “the most handsome man”. Fu Tian didn’t sleep late like other 3 (student) , but did some part-time jobs 4 took care of his grandparents. Apart from cutting firewood, he also tried his best 5 (help) them with other work, such as digging the field and 6 (buy) medicine. Nowadays, we often ignore the 7 (important) of love between family members. Fu Tian showed us 8 good example with his practical actions. He said: “Love can be a small thing we do in our daily life. What I put 9 the basket is not firewood but love.” Many people feel 10 (deep) moved after reading the story. （二） 2.阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。 You want to start doing exercise? Congratulations! You have just taken 1 (you) first step towards a new and improved you! However, some people assume that if some exercise is good, more is always better, so they tend to exercise for 2 long time without stopping. For example, some people go jogging for several hours at a time because of the step-counting smart-phone apps. Others work out for hours at the weekend to make up for the lack of exercise during the 3 (weekday). Habits like these put stress on the body, and can become a serious health risk if they 4 (keep) over the long term. 5 (general) speaking, aerobic routines that last over 100 minutes have a certain health risk. On the other hand, they should not be 6 (short) than 10 minutes. If you do exercise for only a few minutes, you may not be working out long enough 7 (see) any benefits from it. 8 you exercise, you’d better aim for the daily average of 30 to 60 minutes. This will prevent you from 9 (get) hurt. Besides, it will ensure the exercise you do has a positive effect 0 your physical health. （三） 3.阅读下面短文，在空格处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Mr. Grey was a biology professor. He had a big 1 (collect) of extremely rare (罕见的) bones, 2 always made him proud. Recently he managed 3 (get) a better job 4 another university. Because Mr. Grey was very busy, 5 (he) wife made the arrangements for all their possessions (财物) to be taken to their new home. On a Monday morning, Mr. Grey was out. There workers came, 6 (take) the thing out of the house and loading them into a truck. One of them bought out 7 large wooden box. He was just about to throw it into the truck when Mrs. Grey 8 (run) out of her house and said, “Please carry that box very 9 (careful)! That one has all of my husband’s bones in it.” The man was so 10 (surprise) that he nearly dropped the box on his feet. （四） 4.阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 China once again proved its 1 (able) to change the world with the “four great new inventions” : high-speed railway, electronic payments , shared bicycles and online shopping. They are related to China's high tech innovation (创新), 2 has improved the quality of people's lives, according to a survey 3 (make) by a research center. “My wallet is no longer in use. I can buy and eat whatever I want with a finger tip on my phone,” said 4 university student. The bikes themselves are not new, but the operating model is based on the satellite navigation system (卫星导航) and other high 5 (technology). “China 6 (development very fast in the last few years as the government has spent much money in encouraging innovation,” said a foreigner 7 (live) in China. It is true that China is a leading country 8 many ways. This is because China skipped (跳跃) over the PC age and went 9 (direct) into the mobile age. China has a 10 (large) mobile use than any other country in the world. （五） 5.阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 On the morning of February 5, Tang Yuman, 1 high school student from Huludao city, was watching the sunrise by the seaside when he noticed someone floating (漂浮) on the water’s surface. Tang shouted in that direction, but there 2 (be) no response. “I did feel a little scared at that moment, but I knew I must rescue (搭救) the person,” said Tang. Tang took off his coat without 3 (hesitate) and jumped into the water. Though he felt painfully cold, he tried his best 4 (reach) the drowning (溺水的) person. It was an old woman. Tang lifted her shoulders out of the water 5 drew her toward the shore. He tried several times to push the elderly woman to the shore, but was only able to pull 6 (she) onto the ice. He kept himself calm and called 120 for help. While waiting 7 the doctors, Tang also gave the elderly woman first aid, as he found she had trouble in 8 (breathe). Just then, another man, 9 was on a morning run, came over to help them. The granny 10 (rush) to the hospital after the doctors arrived. Thanks to the pair’s timely rescue, she got out of danger. （六） 6.阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Tim always looked for the easy way to do something. When his mother told him 1 (take) out the rubbish, he told his little sister to do it. When his father 2 (ask) him for help, Tim said he was 3 (tire). For English class, Tim 4 (recent) had to write a short article about an animal. He went online, chose an article about 5 (tiger), and copied it. With a big smile 6 his face, he gave it to his teacher. But Tim wasn’t so 7 (luck). His teacher read 8 same article online! Tim received zero points for 9 (he) homework. As punishment, he had to write not one, 10 two new articles. Tim learned his lesson. Cheating is wrong, and it always leads to trouble. （七） 7.阅读下面短文，在空格处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 When you go to restaurants in different parts of the world, it’s important to know the right and wrong things 1 (do). For example, in some parts of the world, it’s OK to make a lot of noise in a restaurant. In fact, if in a restaurant there isn’t 2 (noise) and lively, you may think there’s something wrong with it. In some other parts of the world, however, restaurants are quiet places. If a table is too loud, other people in the restaurant might 3 (strong) complain to the owner of the restaurant. How to pay the bill is also different from country 4 country. In some countries one person usually 5 (pay) for everybody. In other countries, 6 friends eat together, they usually share the bill. This 7 (call) “going Dutch”. Also, they usually leave a tip for the waiter. They tip between 15% and 20% of the bill, depending on 8 good the service is. Different countries have different 9 (custom). When you travel to another country please follow what 10 (it) people do. （一） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 I was born and raised in Cleveland, Ohio in the United States. Yet now, I live in the countryside of Zhejiang, China with my Chinese husband and his family, 1 bamboo and tea bushes (灌木) grow wild in the mountains, chickens are always free-range, and 2 (center) heating doesn’t exist. Nothing in my life before prepared me 3 this one-and to be sure, the first time I came here I never imagined I would ever feel comfortable in this area. But it’s amazing how you can adapt 4 learn in a new environment. Over time, I’ve found 5 (I) feeling extremely at home here. And in the process, I’ve experienced things that really surprise me at times. The “sunshine scent (香味)” of freshly sunned clothes 6 (be) one of them.      Growing up, my family and our neighbors never used clotheslines to dry clothing, denying me the chance 7 (discover) one of the great wonders of sunshine — the sweet “sunshine scent” after sunning clothes for an entire day. The sun-dried clothes smell especially pleasant where I live, thanks to the 8 (absent) of smog and plenty of blue sky 9 (afternoon) with lots of fresh air. If you’ve never experienced the “sunshine scent” from a sheet or shirt 10 (leave) to sun for a day, well, you’re missing out on one of life’s wonders. （二） 阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 An exhibition at the Jiushi Art Museum in Shanghai is featuring artwork inspired by Go, or weiqi in Chinese, 11 originated in China more than 4,000 years ago. Go is one of 12 earliest binary-based (基于二元的) games. The movements of the black and white pieces reflect the basic ideas of Eastern philosophy, according to Tu Ningning, who is in charge of the exhibition. “The exhibition brings together Go culture, cutting-edge technology and contemporary art,” says Tu. “We hope 13 (present)the rather abstract Go game and AI in a visual context, and initiate dialogues with minimalist art, conceptual art and expressionism.” “In a Go game, each move should serve a long-term goal. You try to lead the opponent into your trap and force them to follow your ‘ 14 (guide)’ till they lose,” explains Wang Wei, a Go player among the visitors to the exhibition. “The players’ personalities 15 (reveal) during the game, and one’s weaknesses are exposed to the opponent,” she adds. “A decent winner always 16 (try) to beat the opponent 17 no more than one or two points as a gesture (姿态) of respect for the other side. ” Tu says that the balance between the black and white pieces, the beauty in the 18 (strategy) placement of the pieces, 19 the energy flow following each move inspired artists to create oil paintings, sculptures, 20 (digital) generated pictures and silk-screen prints for the exhibition. （三） 阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Although parks of all sizes and types exist at any level, the national parks, in particular, tend 21 (catch) our attention because of their large size and variety. They are 22 (treasure) of American heritage (遗产). How did the national park system come about? On a cool, starry night in mid-September 1870, four men relaxed before a campfire along the Firehole River in 23 is now northwestern Wyoming. They 24 (be) part of a 15-member exploring party that had spent almost five awesome weeks in witness of the natural beauties there. What should 25 (do) with such a beautiful place? They wondered out loud. This area, with 26 (it) unique and breathtaking natural beauty, must be well preserved 27 all people of the nation to enjoy — as a national park. They all agreed and vowed (承诺) to promote the idea at the 28 (complete) of their journey. Their promotional work paid off. Two years later, 18 years before Wyoming became a state, Yellowstone became the first national park in the United States and the world. Yellowstone was the 29 (large) United States national park — 2.2 million acres — until Wrangell-Saint Elias in southern Alaska, 30 became a national monument in 1978, took the honors as a national park in 1980 with 12.3 million acres. （四） 阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入 1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Chinese cultural elements commemorating (纪念) Tang Xianzu, 31 is known as “the Shakespeare of Asia,” add an international character to Stratford-upon-Avon, William Shakespeare’s hometown. Tang and Shakespeare were contemporaries and both died in 1616. Although they could never have met, there are common 32 (theme) in their works, said Paul Edmondson, head of research for the Shakespeare Birthplace Trust. “Some of the things that Tang was writing about 33 (be) also Shakespeare’s concerns. I happen to know that Tang’s play The Peony Pavilion (《牡丹亭》) is similar in some ways 34 Romeo and Juliet.” A statue commemorating Shakespeare and Tang was put up at Shakespeare’s Birthplace Garden in 2017. Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, 35 (inspire)by The Peony Pavilion, 36 (build)at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace. Those cultural elements have increased Stratford’s international 37 (visible), said Edmondson, adding that visitors walking through the Birthplace Garden were often amazed 38 (find)the connection between the two great writers. 39 (recall)watching a Chinese opera version of Shakespeare’s play Richard III in Shanghai and meeting Chinese actors who came to Stratford a few years ago to perform parts of The Peony Pavilion, Edmondson said, “It was very exciting to hear the Chinese language 40 see how Tang’s play was being performed.” （五） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Heatherwick Studio recently built a greenhouse at the edge of the National Trust’s Woolbeding Gardens. This beautiful structure, named Glasshouse, is at the centre of a new garden that shows how the Silk Road influences English gardens even in modern times. The latest 41 (engineer) techniques are applied to create this protective 42 (function) structure that is also beautiful. The design features ten steel “sepals (萼片)” made of glass and aluminium (铝). These sepals open on warm days 43 (give) the inside plants sunshine and fresh air. In cold weather, the structure stays 44 (close) to protect the plants. Further, the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse 45 (walk) visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road, by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for 46 first time. These plants included modern Western 47 (favourite) such as rosemary, lavender and fennel. The garden also contains a winding path that guides visitors through the twelve regions of the Silk Road. The path offers over 300 plant species for visitors to see, too. The Glasshouse stands 48 a great achievement in contemporary design, to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing (追溯) the steps along the Silk Route 49 brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the 50 (rich) of gardening in England. （六） 阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The shelves in most supermarkets are full of family-size this and multi-buy that. However, if you’re shopping for one, buying extra 51 (benefit) from price reductions doesn’t make sense. Either your shopping is then too heavy to carry home 52 you can’t use what you’ve bought while it’s still fresh. Of course, shops are not charities — they price goods in the way 53 will make them the most money. If most of their customers are happy to buy larger quantities, that’s 54 they’ll promote. But that leaves the solo (单独) customers out of pocket and disappointed. Many supermarkets are no longer doing “buy one get one free” promotions because of the 55 (criticize) that they lead to waste. Consumers prefer money off individual items. However, though it’s nice to get a few cents off a pack of sausages, it would help even more if they could sometimes 56 (offer) in smaller packs. Even the biggest sausage fan doesn’t want to eat them every day. If your supermarket sells loose produce, then buying smaller quantities is easier. Over the last two years, some supermarkets 57 (start) selling chicken or salad in packs 58 (design) with two halves containing separate portions (份). Then, when you use one section, 59 other stays fresh. Who knows, perhaps some of the more forward-looking 60 (one) may yet come out with a whole range of “just for you” pack sizes with special offers as well. （七） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 For thousands of years, people have told fables (寓言) 61 (teach) a lesson or to pass on wisdom. Fables were part of the oral tradition of many early cultures, and the well-known Aesop’s fables date to the 62 (six) century, B．C． Yet, the form of the fable still has values today, 63 Rachel Carson says in “A Fable for Tomorrow.” Carson uses a simple, direct style common to fable. In fact, her style and tone (口吻) are seemingly directed at children. “There was once a town in the heart of America, 64 all life seemed to enjoy peaceful existence with its surroundings,” her fable begins, 65 (borrow) some familiar words from many age-old fables. Behind the simple style, however, is a serious message 66 (intend) for everyone. 67 (difference) from traditional fables, Carson’s story ends with an accusation instead of a moral. She warns of the environmental dangers facing society, and she teaches that people must take responsibility 68 saving their environment. The themes of traditional fables often deal with simple truths about everyday life. However, Carson’s theme is a more weighty 69 (warn) about environmental destruction. Carson proves that a simple literal form that has been passed down through the ages can still 70 (employ) today to draw attention to important truths. （八） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Xiao long bao (soup dumplings), those amazing constructions of delicate dumpling wrappers, encasing hot, 71 (taste) soup and sweet, fresh meat, are far and away my favorite Chinese street food. The dumplings arrive steaming and dangerously hot. To eat one, you have to decide whether 72 (bite) a small hole in it first, releasing the stream and risking a spill (溢出), 73 to put the whole dumpling in your mouth, letting the hot soup explode on your tongue. Shanghai may be the 74 (recognize) home of the soup dumplings but food historians will actually point you to the neighboring canal town of Nanxiang as Xiao long Bao’s birthplace. There you will find them prepared differently — more dumpling and less soup, and the wrappers are pressed 75 hand rather than rolled. Nanxiang aside, the best Xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them 76 (lift) out of the steamer basket without tearing or spilling any of 77 (they) contents. The meat should be fresh with 78 touch of sweetness and the soup hot, clear and delicious. No matter where I buy them, one steamer is 79 (rare) enough, yet two seems greedy, so I am always left 80 (want) more next time. （九） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Beijing is a city bridging the ancient and the modern. From Buddhist temples to museums, narrow hutong 81 royal palaces, it is home to more than 3,000 years of glorious history even down to its layout, with the city keeping its carefully 82 (build) system of ring roads. But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place 83 welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life, with 21st-century architectural 84 (wonder) standing side by side with historical buildings of the past. It is a distinct visual contrast (反差) that shouldn’t work, 85 somehow these two very different worlds make a good combination. 86 (visit) several times over the last 10 years, I 87 (amaze) by the co-existence of old and new, and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing. As a photographer, I have spent the last two years 88   (record) everything I discovered. The 89 (remark) development of this city, which is consciously designed to protect the past while stepping into the modern world, 90 (mean) there is always something new to discover here, and I could be photographing Beijing for the next 50 years. （十） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Whenever I tell people that I teach English at the Berlin Zoo, I almost always get a questioning look. Behind it, the person is trying to figure out who exactly I teach…the animals? Since June 2017, right before the 91 (arrive) of the two new pandas, Meng Meng and Jiao Qing, I have been helping the panda keepers at the zoo to feel more comfortable and 92 (confidence) speaking English. And who do they speak English 93 ? Not the pandas, even though 94 language used for the medical training instructions is actually English. They talk to the flood of international tourists and to 95 (visit) Chinese zookeepers who often come to check on the pandas, which are on loan from China. They also need to be ready to give 96 (interview) in English with international journalists. This is 97 they need an English trainer. So, what are they learning? 98 (basic), how to describe a panda’s life. It’s been an honor to watch the panda programme develop 99 to see the pandas settle into their new home. As a little girl, I 100 (wish) to be a zookeeper when I grew up. Now, I’m living out that dream indirectly by helping the panda keepers do their job in English. （十一） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 During China’s dynastic period, emperors planned the city of Beijing 101 arranged the residential areas according to social classes. The term “hutong”, 102 (original)meaning “water well” in Mongolian, appeared first during the Yuan Dynasty. In the Ming Dynasty, the center was the Forbidden City, 103 (surround)in concentric(同心的)circles by the Inner City and Outer City. Citizens of higher social classes 104 (permit)to live closer to the center of the circles. The large siheyuan of these high-ranking officials and wealthy businessmen often 105 (feature)beautifully carved and painted roof beams and pillars(柱子). The hutongs they formed were orderly, lined by 106 (space)homes and walled gardens. Farther from the center lived the commoners and laborers. Their siheyuan were far smaller in scale and 107 (simple)in design and decoration, and the hutongs were narrower. Hutongs represent an important cultural element of the city of Beijing. Thanks to Beijing’s long history 108 capital of China, almost every hutong has its stories, and some are even associated with historic 109 (event). In contrast to the court life and upper-class culture represented by the Forbidden City, the Summer Palace, and the Temple of Heaven, the hutongs reflect 110 culture of grassroots Beijingers. （十二） 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。 To understand a painting, we’re taught to look for color, composition, and light. But how can a painting 111 (appreciate)by someone who’s blind? Through touch, the one thing gallery signs tell you not 112 (do). John Olson, a former 113 (photograph)and his team turn paintings into fully textured 3D models. The tactile(可触知的)paintings work as a way to show art to 114 blind because we don’t see with just Our eyes: We see with our brains. Research in the field of neuroplasticity-the brain’s adaptability-shows that the visual cortex(大脑皮层)is made active by touch. Blind people recognize shapes with their 115 (exist) senses, in a way similar to that of 116 (sight )people, says Ella Striem-Amit, a Harvard scientist. Luc Gandarias, who’s now thirteen, went blind suddenly 117 age seven. When he felt a 3D version of Leonardo da Vinci’s “Mona Lisa” he 118 (notice)her smile right away. ”I can actually feel what you see when you look at it,” he said. For Luc, this means 119 (independent). "The feeling of being able to see it 120 to form my opinion is like breaking down another wall as a blind person.” （十三） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Henry Tyler made the catch of the year on the weekend. When he saw a young child hanging from a sixth-floor apartment balcony (阳台), Henry ran one hundred metres, jumped over a 1.2-metre fence, and held out his arms to catch the 121 (fall) child. Eric Brown, only three years old, knocked Henry down when he fell. The boy is in the hospital and doctors say he'll be OK. 122 Brown family live in an apartment building outside Toronto. On the day of the accident, Mrs. Brown was at work and Eric was at home with his father. They both fell 123 (sleep) while watching TV. Eric woke up a little later when he heard children playing outside. He pushed a chair onto the balcony, and climbed up 124 (see) them. When he looked down, he 125 (accidental) slipped and fell over the edge. He hung on for a few minutes 126 screamed for his father, but his father didn't hear him. Henry 127 (fix) his car when he heard the screams. He looked up and saw Eric hanging from the balcony. He quickly 128 (throw) his tools aside, and started running, arms out. "He saved my 129 (son) life," said Mrs. Brown. "I don't know 130 to thank him.” "I just didn't want the boy to be hurt," said Henry. （十四） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The Chinese government recently finalized a plan to set up a Giant Panda National Park(GPNP). 131 (cover)an area about three times 132 size of Yellowstone National Park, the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country. The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that 133 (be)previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority 134 (increase)effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management. After a three-year pilot period, the GPNP will be officially set up next year. The GPNP 135 (design)to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity(完整性)of natural ecosystems, preserving biological diversity, protecting ecological buffer zones, 136 leaving behind precious natural assets(资产)for future generations”. The GPNP’s main goal is to improve connectivity between separate 137 (population)and homes of giant pandas, and 138 (eventual)achieve a desired level of population in the wild. Giant pandas also serve 139 an umbrella species(物种), bringing protection to a host of plants and animals in the southwestern and northwestern parts of China. The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species 140 live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area. （十五） 阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式. A visually-challenged man from Beijing recently hiked (徒步) 40 days to Xi’an, as a first step 141 (journey) the Belt and Road route (路线) by foot. On the 1,100 kilometer journey, the man Cao Shengkang, 142 lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident, crossed 40 cities and counties in three provinces. Inspired by the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation 143 (hold) in Beijing, Cao decided to cover the route by hiking as a tribute (致敬) to the ancient Silk Road. 144 friend of his, Wu Fan, volunteered to be his companion during the trip. Cao and Wu also collected garbage along the road, in order to promote environmental 145 (protect). Cao believes this will make the hiking trip even more 146 (meaning). The two of them collected more than 1,000 plastic bottles along the 40-day journey. In the last five years. Cao 147 (walk) through 34 countries in six continents, and in 2016, he reached the top of Kilimanjaro, Africa’s 148 (high) mountain. Now, Cao has started the second part of his dream to walk along the Belt and Road route. He flew 4, 700 kilometers 149 Xi’an to Kashgar on Sept. 20, 150 (plan) to hike back to Xi’an in five months. （十六） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 May 21st this year marks the first International Tea Day, which was named officially 151 the United Nations on November 27th, 2019. To celebrate 152 festival, a number of events took place at the Chinese Businessman Museum in Beijing on Thursday. The chairman of the China Culture Promotion Society 153 (address) the opening ceremony. “As a main promoter of the International Tea Day, the birthplace of tea and the 154 (large) tea-producing country, China has a 155 (responsible)to work with other countries to promote the healthy development of the tea industry. It can help to build a community with a 156 (share) future for mankind,” he said. The “First International Tea Day Tea Road Cooperative Initiative” issued (发布) at the ceremony calls for people working in the tea industry to come together to promote international cooperation 157 cultural exchanges. A four-year tea promotion —Tea Road Cooperative Plan — was also issued in accordance with the initiative. 158 (strengthen)the connection with young people, the event included a number of public promotional activities on social media, 159 (invite) twenty-nine tea professionals from around the world to have thirty-six hours of uninterrupted live broadcasts. The Chinese Ancient Tea Museum was officially unveiled (揭幕) at the ceremony, opening 160 (it)first exhibition: The Avenue of Truth — A Special Exhibition of Pu’er Tea. （十七） 阅读下面材料, 在空白处填入适当的内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。 Kim Cobb, a professor at the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta, is one of a small but growing minority of academics 161 are cutting back on their air travel because of climate change. Travelling to conferences, lectures, workshops, and the like — frequently by plane — 162 (view) as important for scientists to get together and exchange information. But Cobb and others 163 (be) now questioning that idea pushing conferences to provide more chances to participate remotely, and 164 (change) their personal behavior to do their part in dealing with the climate change crisis. On a website called No Fly Climate Sci, for example, 165 (rough) 200 academics — many of them climate scientists — 166 (promise) to fly as little as possible since the effort started two years ago. Cobb, for her part, started to ask conference organizers who invited her to speak 167 she could do so remotely; about three-quarters of 168 time, they agreed. When the answer, was no, she, declined the 169 (invite). That approach brought Cobb's air travel last year down by 75%, and she plans 170 (continue) the practice. "It has been fairly rewarding.", she says, "a really positive change." （十八） 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。 It doesn’t impress like George Washington’s plantation on the Potomac, but Lincoln’s home in downtown Springfield, Illinois, 171 （prove）irresistible to visitors since it opened to the public. Beautifully restored（修复）to its 1860 appearance, the house was Abraham and Mary Lincoln’s home for 17 years. In 1844 they bought it 172 $1,200 and some land from Charles Dresser, who performed their 173 （marry）ceremony in 1842. When the house was built, it was much 174 （small）than it is today. Mary’s niece wrote, “The little home 175 （paint）white.” It was sweet and fresh. Mary loved it. She was extremely pretty, and her house was a reflection of 176 （she）, everything in good taste and in perfect order. Although Mary loved flowers, 177 she nor her husband was known as a gardener. A long- time neighbor said they never planted trees and only kept a garden for one year. Mary’s sister, Frances Todd Wallace, often came over 178 （plant）flowers in the front yard. 179 Lincolns enlarged the house to a full two-story in 1856 to meet the needs of their growing family. Three of the four Lincoln sons were born here. After Lincoln was elected President of the US in 1861, they rented the house and 180 （sell）most of their furniture. （十九） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The Xi’an City Wall is the most complete city wall that has survived China’s long history. It 181 (build) originally to protect the city 182 the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored (修复). It is possible   183 (walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometers. We accessed the wall through the South Gate. The wall is 12 meters high and from here you can see streams of people moving inside and outside the City Wall. After 184 (spend) some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall, we decided it was time for some action and what 185 (good) than to ride on a piece of history! We 186 (hire) our bikes from the rental place at the South Gate. My bike was old and shaky 187 did the job. It took us about 3 hours to go all 188 way around the Xi’an City Wall. Supposedly you can do it in two hours, but we stopped at the different gates and 189 (watchtower) to take pictures or just to watch the local people going about their 190 (day) routines. （二十） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Going to Mount Huangshan reminds me of the popular Beatles’ song “The Long and Winding Road”. 191 is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes. The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we 192 (human) are. The hot spring at the foot of the mountain is something you must try after the climb. It will 193 (undoubted) help you get refreshed! The amazing thing about the spring is that the colder the temperature gets, the 194 (hot) the spring! Strange, isn’t it? But that’s how nature is — always leaving us 195 (astonish). What comes next is the endless series of steps. You can’t help wondering how hard it 196 (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place. Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain, still it highlights the whole adventure 197 offers a place where you can sit down to rest your 198 (ache) legs. As the song goes, this long and winding road “will never disappear”, and it will always stick in the visitor’s memory. It sure does in 199 (I). While you’re in China, Mount Huangshan is 200 must to visit! / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题05 语法填空 ( 目录 学考要求速览 ................................................................................................................1 必备知识梳理 ................................................................................................................2 高频考点精讲 ................................................................................................................8 进阶分级练 ..................................................................................................................15 ) 语法填空旨在通过语篇测试考生的语言知识与技能，其命题原则是“突出语篇，强调运用”，旨在通过完整、真实、综合的语境考查考生活学活用语言知识的能力。在解题时，要强化语篇的整体意识：首先要通读语篇，在理解语篇大意、把握时态的基础上，再逐空解题，否则就会犯“只见树木，不见森林”的方向性错误。 1. 掌握语法知识在语篇中的运用能力 2. 熟悉动词相关语法项目 3. 熟练掌握词性转换及虚词的使用 考点一谓语动词 谓语动词指的是在句子中可以单独作谓语的动词，主要包括实义动词和动词短语。一个简单句有且只能有一个谓语动词。若是由多个简单句组成的并列句，则有几个简单句就应有几个谓语动词。谓语动词的形式变化主要包括时态、语态和主谓一致。 一、确定是否谓语动词 确定谓语动词两步骤 第一步：确定谓语动词 分析句子结构来判断该句是简单句、并列句还是复合句。若是简单句，主语后面的就是谓语动词；若是并列句，前后两个句子都要有自己的谓语动词；若是复合句，主句和从句都要有自己的谓语动词。 第二步：确定谓语动词的形式 1．根据语境、并列谓语、时间标志词等确定用哪种时态； 2．根据主语与谓语之间是主动关系还是被动关系确定语态； 3．根据主语的单复数确定谓语动词的形式，做到主谓一致。 二、如何判断谓语动词的时态 方法(一)　寻找时间状语 认清常考时态的标志性时间状语 1．看到often, seldom, occasionally, usually, always, every time, sometimes等时间状语，要想到用一般现在时。 2．看到previously, yesterday, last year, in 2022, the other day, two days ago, 一段时间＋later等时间状语，要想到用一般过去时。 3．看到tomorrow, next year, in a week, in the future, soon等时间状语，要想到用一般将来时。 4．看到at this moment, at present, now等时间状语，要想到用现在进行时。 5．看到since, recently, lately, already, in (over, during) the last/past few years, so far/up to now, for＋时间段， ever since等时间状语，要想到用现在完成时。 6．看到by then, by the end of等时间状语，要想到用过去完成时。 方法(二)　依据平行关系 1．可根据并列连词and, but, or, rather than, neither ...nor ..., either ...or, not only ...but also ...等前后的谓语动词形式确定所填谓语动词的时态。 2．同一个主语的两个或两个以上的并列谓语的时态要一致。 方法(三)　利用固定句式 常见的固定句式 1．was/were doing ...when＋一般过去时 2．was/were about to do ...when＋一般过去时 3．it is the＋序数词＋time＋that＋现在完成时 4．it was the＋序数词＋time＋that＋过去完成时 5．No sooner had＋主语＋done ...than＋一般过去时 6．Hardly/Scarcely had＋主语＋done ...when＋一般过去时 7．It will be＋时间段＋before＋一般现在时 8．祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句，陈述句用一般将来时 9．It's (high) time that ...did/should do sth.(should不能省略) 方法(四)　借助语境暗示 空处作谓语，在没有标志性的时间状语且其他参照物都不明显的情况下，通过正确理解语境，即通过题干或上下中的语境暗示解题，也是解决时态问题的一种行之有效的方法。 三、如何判断谓语动词的语态 1．分析句子结构，发现提示词作谓语，若与主语之间是主动关系，应考虑用主动语态；若是被动关系则考虑用被动语态。 2．被动语态的基本形式为：be＋过去分词，情态动词＋be done。 3．做题步骤一般分为两步：先考虑语态，再考虑时态。 4．常考的被动语态有： 时态 被动语态的构成 一般现在时 am/is/are＋过去分词 一般过去时 was/were＋过去分词 一般将来时 will be＋过去分词 现在完成时 has/have been＋过去分词 过去完成时 had been＋过去分词 现在进行时 am/is/are being＋过去分词 四、如何判断谓语动词的单复数 方法(一)　利用语法一致原则 主语 谓语 不可数名词、可数名词单数、动名词(短语)或动词不定式、主语从句，the number of＋可数名词复数 单数 可数名词复数，and连接的两个名词表示两者以上，a number of＋可数名词复数 复数 方法(二)　利用意义一致原则 主语 谓语 “the＋形容词”表示抽象概念 单数 强调整体的集合名词 单数 “the＋形容词”表示一类人或物；强调个体的集合名词 复数 由连词and连接的并列成分指的是同一概念，兼具身份或匹配出现 单数 方法(三)　利用就近一致原则 主语 谓语 neither ...nor ..., either ...or ..., not only ...but also ..., not ...but ...等连接的主语 与邻近主语一致 “here/there＋谓语＋主语”结构中的主语不止一个时 与邻近主语一致 考点二：非谓语动词 非谓语动词指的是在句子中不能作谓语的动词，它没有人称和数的变化，主要包括不定式、现在分词(动词-ing)和过去分词。非谓语动词具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，在句中可以充当主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、宾语补足语等。 一、如何确定是否作非谓语 确定非谓语动词两步骤 第一步：确定是否为非谓语动词 若句中已有谓语动词，又不是作并列谓语时，则要考虑填非谓语动词。 第二步：确定填何种非谓语形式 1．提示词与逻辑主语是主谓关系时常用动词-ing形式； 2．提示词与逻辑主语是动宾关系时常用过去分词形式。 二、如何确定填何种非谓语形式 方法(一)　成分分析法 非谓语动词的“意义区别” 1．作主语、宾语或表语 (1)动词-ing：抽象性、经常性动作；已知的事或经验。 (2)不定式：具体性、一次性动作；未完的事或目的。2.作表语 (1)动词-ing：多表示主语的特征。 (2)过去分词：主要是表示主语的状态。 3．作定语 (1)动词-ing：正在发生、主动的动作。 (2)过去分词：已经完成、被动的动作。 (3)动词不定式：一般式表示未发生或经常性的动作；完成式表示已发生的动作。 4．作状语 (1)动词-ing：与主语是主谓关系，一般式表示与谓语动作同时发生；完成式表示先于谓语动作发生。 (2)过去分词：与主语是动宾关系，先于谓语动作发生。 (3)动词不定式：主动式表示与主语是主谓关系；被动式表示与主语是动宾关系。一般式表示在谓语动作后发生；完成式表示在谓语动作前发生。 5.作补语 1动词-ing：主动、进行的动作。 2过去分词：被动、完成的动作。 3动词不定式：将来的动作。 方法(二)　 线索暗示法 1．看到介词或带介词的固定搭配要想到用动词-ing形式作宾语。 2．看到介词but/except要想到后接不定式作宾语，且前面有实义动词do时，不定式要省略to。如We had no choice but to obey./He wouldn't talk about work, except to say that he was busy./What can we do but sit and wait? 3．看到并列连词and, but, or，要想到其前后的非谓语动词应保持一致。 方法(三)　 逻辑关系法 1．找逻辑主语 (1)作定语时，所修饰的中心词是逻辑主语； (2)作状语时，句子的主语是逻辑主语； (3)作补足语时，句子的宾语是逻辑主语。 2．判断逻辑关系 (1)逻辑主语和不定式之间为主动关系时，用动词不定式的主动形式；逻辑主语和不定式之间为被动关系时，用动词不定式的被动形式。 (2)逻辑主语和分词之间为主动关系时，用动词-ing；逻辑主语和分词之间为被动关系时，用过去分词。 方法(四)　固定搭配法 1．下列动词只能用不定式作宾语 (1)决心学会想希望，拒绝设法愿假装 decide/determine, learn, want, expect/hope/wish; refuse, manage, care, pretend (2)主动答应选计划，同意请求帮一帮 offer, promise, choose, plan; agree, ask/beg, help 2．下列动词(短语)只能用动词-ing作宾语 (1)考虑建议盼原谅，承认推迟没得想 consider, suggest/advise, look forward to, excuse/pardon; admit, delay/put off, fancy (2)避免错过继续练，否认完成就欣赏 avoid, miss, keep/keep on, practice; deny, finish, enjoy/appreciate (3)禁止想象才冒险，不禁介意准逃亡 forbid, imagine, risk; can't help (禁不住), mind, allow/permit, escape 3．其后接动词-ing或不定式作宾语(意义不同)的动词：remember, regret, need, try, mean等。 4．其后接不定式作宾语补足语的动词：tell，order，allow，permit，enable，persuade，force，warn，encourage，inspire, expect等。 5．其他常用搭配 (1)spend time doing sth. (2)have difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth. (3)have a good time (in) doing sth. (4)waste ...(in) doing sth. (5)It is/was＋形容词(＋for/of sb.)＋to do sth. (6)It is no use/good doing sth. (7)It takes sb.some time to do sth. (8)It's worthwhile to do/doing sth. 考点三 并列连词与主从复合句 无提示词类是语法填空考查的重点之一，尤其对于连词和三大从句的考查更是一个难点。此类题目要求考生能够准确分析句子结构，弄清空处上下文之间的逻辑关系，确定空处在句中所作成分。因此，考生需要较强的综合分析能力。鉴于此，本讲将重点阐释连词和三大从句的解题要领，以期帮助考生提高做题的准确率。 一、并列连词 方法(一)　关系分析法 分析设空前后单词、短语或分句之间的关系，确定用哪个连词。 1．表示并列或递进关系的连词有and, both ...and ..., not only ...but (also) ...等； 2．表示选择关系的连词有or, either ...or ..., whether ...or ..., neither ...nor ...等； 3．表示转折或对比关系的连词有but/yet, while, not ...but ...等； 4．表示因果关系的连词有because, so, for等； 5．表示让步关系的连词有although，though和while等。 方法(二)　固定句型法 1．祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句 2．be doing sth.when ...　正在做某事，这时…… had just done sth. when ... 刚做完某事，这时…… be about to do sth.when ... 正要做某事，这时…… be on the point of doing sth. when ... 正要做某事，这时…… hardly ...when ... 一……就…… 二、定语从句关系词 4步法确定定语从句关系词 第一步：确定是定语从句 分析句子结构，设空处无提示词，设空后的句子不完整，且对设空前的某一名词、代词或整个主句起限定作用，就要考虑填定语从句的关系词。 第二步：分清限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句 在先行词的后面出现逗号的是非限制性定语从句。 (1)that不能引导非限制性定语从句； (2)which引导非限制性定语从句，可以代表主句的全部或部分内容； (3)as引导非限制性定语从句，可置于句首、句中或句末，意为“正如”。 第三步：寻找先行词，判断属性(指人还是指物，表示时间、地点，还是原因) (1)先行词指人用that/who/whom/whose引导； (2)先行词指物用that/which/whose引导； (3)表示时间/地点/原因用when/where/why引导。 第四步：判断从句中所缺成分，确定关系词 (1)缺少主语用that/which/who； (2)缺少动词的宾语用that/which/who/whom； (3)缺少介词的宾语用whom/which； (4)缺少定语用whose； (5)缺少时间、地点或原因状语时，分别用when、 where、 why。 三、名词性从句 “名词性从句”语法填空的4个思考方向 方向1：从句中不缺句子成分且句意完整 分析句子结构，从句中不缺任何成分且句子意义完整，应考虑that引导同位语从句、表语从句或宾语从句，此时that没有词义，也不作任何成分。 方向2：从句中不缺句子成分但句意不完整 分析句子结构，从句中不缺任何成分，但句意中缺少“是否”的意思时，则应考虑whether引导名词性从句，if可以用于引导及物动词后的宾语从句。 方向3：从句中缺少主语、宾语、表语 分析句子结构，从句中缺少主语、宾语、表语，考虑用连接代词what、 who、 whom、 which、 whatever等。 方向4：从句中缺少状语 分析句子结构并结合句意判断，从句中缺少状语，考虑用连接副词where (表示地点)、 when (表示时间)、 how (表示方式)、 why (表示原因)等。 四、状语从句连接词 方法(一)　句意法 1．根据句意确定是什么状语从句，进而确定连接词。 2．常见的状语从句的连接词有： (1)时间状语从句while/when/as/since/before/after/until (2)条件状语从句if/unless/once (3)让步状语从句though/although/while/as (4)地点状语从句where (5)原因状语从句because/since/as 方法(二)　固定句式法 根据固定句式来确定连接词，常见的固定句式有： 1.so/such ...that ... 2.not ...until ... 3.It will/won't be＋ ...＋before ... 4.It was＋ ...＋before ... 5.It is some time＋since ... 6.whether ...or not ... 7.no sooner ...than ... 8.hardly ...when ... 考点一：谓语动词 例1　Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, inspired by The Peony Pavilion, ________ (build) at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes' walk from Shakespeare's birthplace. 第一步：确定是否填谓语动词 该句为简单句，a six-meter-tall pavilion为主语，故该空应该为谓语动词。 第二步：确定谓语动词的形式 (1)根据Two years later可知，本句时态为一般过去时； (2)build与主语a six-meter-tall pavilion之间是动宾关系，应用被动语态； (3)主语“a six-meter-tall pavilion”为单数，所以谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。 答案：was_built 例2　(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)Further, the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse ________ (walk) visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road, by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for the first time ...The garden also contains a winding path that guides visitors through the twelve regions of the Silk Road. 第一步：确定是否填谓语动词 该句为主从复合句，the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse ______ (walk) visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road为主句，by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for the first time为“by which” 引导的非限制性定语从句，主句中主语为the Silk Route Garden，故该空应该为主句的谓语动词。 第二步：确定谓语动词的形式 (1)根据下文The garden also contains a winding path that guides visitors through the twelve regions of the Silk Road.中的时态可知，本句时态为一般现在时； (2)walk此处意为“引领，带领”， the Silk Route Garden与walk之间是主动关系，应用主动语态； (3)主语“the Silk Route Garden”为单数，所以谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。 答案：walks 例3 (2024· 浙江1月高考)Over the last two years, some supermarkets ________ (start) selling chicken or salad in packs designed with two halves containing separate portions (份)． 【详解】根据“Over the last two years”可知，此处应用现在完成时。主语some supermarkets为复数。故填have_started。 1　(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷)As a little girl, I ______ (wish) to be a zookeeper when I grew up.Now, I'm living out that dream indirectly by helping the panda keepers do their job in English. 【详解】分析句子结构可知，该空作主句的谓语。根据空前的“As a little girl”和空后的“when I grew up” “Now, I'm living out that dream”可知，空处讲的是作者小时候的愿望，时态应用一般过去时。故填wished。 2　(2023·浙江1月高考改编)The adult bees were angry and ________ (keep) attacking as Ziyad escaped from the tree. 【详解】分析句子结构可知，该空作谓语。根据空前的were angry以及并列连词and可知，此处时态应用一般过去时，故填kept。 3　Hainanese chicken rice not only ________ (satisfy) the diners, but also embodies the taste of home for overseas Chinese from Hainan. 【详解】分析句子结构可知，该空作谓语。根据not only ...but also ...可知， 此处动词和后面的动词 embodies 为并列谓语。embodies为一般现在时，所以此处应使用一般现在时；空处与句子主语Hainanese chicken rice之间为主动关系，且主语为第三人称单数。故填satisfies。 4　(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)Henry ________ (fix) his car when he heard the screams. 【详解】分析句子结构可知，该空作主句的谓语。此处是句型was/were doing sth.when ...(正在做某事这时……)。主语是Henry，故填was_fixing。 5　It is the first time in the history that the Chinese team ________ (achieve) such a good result in the Games. 【详解】此题为固定句式 “It is the first time that sb.has done sth.”，因此，从句用现在完成时。故填has_achieved。 6　I say to him with a cheerful smile, “Go to exercise and you ________ (feel) better.” 【详解】此处为固定句式：祈使句＋and＋陈述句。陈述句用一般将来时。故填will_feel。 7　(2024·全国甲卷)They ________ (be) part of a 15-member exploring party that had spent almost five awesome weeks in witness of the natural beauties there. 【详解】根据从句中的had spent可知，这里描述的是过去的情况，应用一般过去时。主语是they，谓语动词用复数形式，故填were。 8　(2023·浙江1月高考)In the Ming Dynasty ...The large siheyuan of these high-ranking officials and wealthy businessmen often ________ (feature) beautifully carved and painted roof beams and pillars (柱子)．The hutongs they formed were orderly ... 【详解】该句为简单句，且所给词为该句的谓语动词；该句没有标志性的时间状语，通过上下文语境可知，该处表示过去发生的事，空处应用一般过去时。故填featured。 9　(2022·全国乙卷)To celebrate the festival, a number of events took place at the Chinese Businessman Museum in Beijing on Thursday. The chairman of the China Culture Promotion Society ________ (address) the opening ceremony. 【详解】分析句子结构可知，该空作谓语。根据语境可知，中国文化促进会会长在开幕式上致辞这件事发生在过去，陈述过去的事情，应用一般过去时。故填addressed。 10　(2024·全国甲卷)What should ________ (do) with such a beautiful place? 【详解】分析句子结构可知，空处作谓语，主语what和动词do之间是被动关系，should为情态动词，故填be_done。 11　(2023·全国乙卷) ...I ________ (amaze) by the co-existence of old and new, and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing. 【详解】分析句子结构可知，该空作谓语。根据本句中的“was able to”可知，应用一般过去时；I和amaze之间是被动关系，应用被动语态。故填was_amazed。 12　(2022·浙江1月高考)Kim Cobb, a professor at the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta, is one of a small but growing minority of academics who are cutting back on their air travel because of climate change.Travelling to conferences, lectures, workshops, and the like — frequently by plane — ________ (view) as important for scientists to get together and exchange information. 【详解】分析句子结构可知，该空作谓语。根据语境可知，此处可表示现在的情况或已经发生过的情况对现在造成的影响。因此可以用一般现在时或现在完成时。此处为动名词短语作主语，且空处与主语之间存在被动关系，故填is_viewed/has_been_viewed。 13　(2024·新高考Ⅱ卷)Some of the things that Tang was writing about ________ (be) also Shakespeare's concerns. 【详解】分析句子结构可知，空处作句子谓语，主语为“Some of the things”，是复数概念，且根据语境可知，空处应用一般过去时。故填were。 14　(2023·全国乙卷)The remarkable development of this city, which is consciously designed to protect the past while stepping into the modern world, ________ (mean) there is always something new to discover here ... 【详解】从句的时态为一般现在时，此处也应用一般现在时；句子的主语为“The remarkable development of this city”，谓语动词应用第三人称单数。故填means。 15 Practicing, to sum up, ________ (be) of greatest importance for those who are determined to learn knowledge well. 【详解】句意：总之，对于那些决心学好知识的人来说，实践是最重要的。句子陈述客观事实，用一般现在时；主语为Practicing，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填is。 16　Our school is carrying on a reform in education and each boy and each girl ________ (have) access to a table computer as well as the Internet. 【详解】句意：我们学校进行教育改革，每个男孩和女孩都有机会使用电脑以及互联网。根据并列句的时态可知，此处应用一般现在时；根据意义一致的原则， each boy and each girl 作主语，谓语动词用单数。故填has。 17　On that day, there ________ (be) lots of conventional celebration activities. 【详解】there be句型中谓语动词的单复数一般采用“就近一致”原则，即与后面的名词保持人称和数的一致，后面的中心词是activities，应用复数形式；描述过去的事实用一般过去时。故填were。 18　At present neither my wife nor I myself ________ (be) able to persuade my daughter to change her mind. 【详解】根据句中的时间状语At present可知，应用一般现在时；neither ...nor ...连接并列主语时，谓语动词的数由nor后面的主语(I)来决定，故填am。 考点一：非谓语动词 例1　(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)These sepals open on warm days ________ (give) the inside plants sunshine and fresh air. 第一步：确定是否填非谓语动词 该句为简单句，提示词是动词，句中已有谓语动词open，所以此处应填非谓语动词。 第二步：确定非谓语动词的形式 (1)句意：这些萼片在温暖的日子里张开，让里面的植物获得阳光和新鲜空气。 (2)根据句意并分析句子结构可知，此处作目的状语，故用动词不定式。 答案：to_give 例2　(2023·全国乙卷)________ (visit) several times over the last 10 years, I was amazed by the co-existence of old and new, and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing. 第一步：确定是否填非谓语动词 提示词是动词，句中已有谓语动词was amazed，所以此处应填非谓语动词。 第二步：确定非谓语动词的形式 (1)提示词visit与逻辑主语I是主谓关系，因此用动词-ing形式。 (2)结合句意及句中的状语several times over the last 10 years可知，visit所表示的动作已经发生多次，且发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。故填动词-ing形式的现在完成式。 答案：Having_visited 例3　(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)In cold weather, the structure stays ________ (close) to protect the plants. 【详解】句意：在寒冷的天气里，这个建筑物会关闭以保护植物。此处stay是系动词，设空处作表语，表示“关闭的”。故填closed。 1.　(2024·新高考Ⅱ卷)________ (recall) watching a Chinese opera version of Shakespeare's play Richard Ⅲ in Shanghai and meeting Chinese actors who came to Stratford a few years ago to perform parts of The Peony Pavilion, Edmondson said, “It was very exciting to hear the Chinese language and see how Tang's play was being performed.” 【详解】分析句子结构可知，设空处为非谓语动词作状语，Edmondson和recall之间为主动关系，应用动词-ing形式作状语。故填Recalling。 2 (2021·全国甲卷)After ________ (spend) some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall, we decided it was time for some action and what better than to ride on a piece of history! 【详解】题干中的线索词After为介词，其后接动词-ing作宾语。故填spending。 3　(2020·新高考全国卷Ⅱ)These days, it is not unusual for 10-to 12-year-olds to publish their own websites or for second and third graders ________ (begin) computer classes. 【详解】分析句子结构可知，it为形式主语，此处是非谓语动词作真正主语。结合句中的线索词“or”可知，动词形式与or前面的to publish是并列关系，应用动词不定式。故填to_begin。 4　(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)Nanxiang aside, the best xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them ________ (lift) out of the steamer basket without tearing or spilling any of their contents. 【详解】分析句子结构可知，allow是动词，them是宾语，所以设空处作宾语补足语。lift与them是逻辑上的动宾关系，此处构成allow sth.to be done “允许某事被做”。故填to_be_lifted。 5 They make great gifts and you see them many times ________ (decorate) with red envelopes and messages of good fortune. 【详解】分析句子结构可知，句中them与decorate之间为逻辑上的被动关系，应用过去分词作宾语补足语。故填decorated。 6“That's true.The ‘Chinglish’ expression ‘add oil’ has made it into the world's most authoritative Oxford English Dictionary (OED)，” Professor Tseng said on his online personal blog, ________ (provide) a screenshot of the OED's explanation of the phrase. 【详解】这里逗号前面是句子的主体，后面的部分补充说明。由于provide和其逻辑主语Professor Tseng之间是主动关系，因此用动词-ing形式作状语。故填providing。 7　(2024·全国甲卷)Although parks of all sizes and types exist at any level, the national parks, in particular, tend ________ (catch) our attention because of their large size and variety. 【详解】此处指国家公园尤其容易引起我们的注意。tend to do sth.“倾向于做某事”。因此，应填to_catch。 8　(2024·新高考Ⅱ卷)Those cultural elements have increased Stratford's international visibility, said Edmondson, adding that visitors walking through the Birthplace Garden were often amazed ________ (find) the connection between the two great writers. 【详解】此处考查“be＋adj.＋to do”结构。be amazed to do sth.“对做某事感到惊讶”，故填to_find。 9　(2023·全国乙卷)As a photographer, I have spent the last two years ________ (record) everything I discovered. 【详解】分析句子结构可知，此处应用非谓语动词。根据spent可知，此处考查“spend some time doing sth.”结构。故填recording。 考点三：并列连词与主从复合句 例1　(2024·新高考Ⅱ卷)It was very exciting to hear the Chinese language ________ see how Tang's play was being performed. 【详解】分析句子结构可知，to hear the Chinese language和see how Tang's play ...performed是并列成分，应用并列连词。故填and。 例2　(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)To eat one, you have to decide whether to bite a small hole in it first, releasing the steam and risking a spill (溢出), ________ to put the whole dumpling in your mouth, letting the hot soup explode on your tongue. 【详解】to bite a small hole in it first, releasing the steam and risking a spill (溢出)与________ to put the whole dumpling in your mouth ...tongue为选择关系，whether ...or ...意为“是……还是……”。故填or。 例3　(2023·全国乙卷)It is a distinct visual contrast (反差) that shouldn't work, ________ somehow these two very different worlds make a good combination. 【详解】前后分句之间是转折关系，故填but/yet。 例4 Still, eat well and enjoy yourself every day in life, ________ you will get a worthwhile reward. 【详解】分析句子结构可知，此处为固定句型“祈使句＋and＋陈述句”，故填and。 例5　One day, the cow was eating grass ______ it began to rain heavily. 【详解】：be doing sth. when ...为固定句式，意为“正在做某事，这时……”。故填when。 例6　(2024·全国甲卷)Yellowstone was the largest United States national park — 2.2 million acres — until Wrangell-Saint Elias in southern Alaska, ________ became a national monument in 1978, took the honors as a national park in 1980 with 12.3 million acres. 【详解】分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为Wrangell-Saint Elias，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，故填which。 1　(2024·新高考Ⅱ卷)Chinese cultural elements commemorating (纪念) Tang Xianzu, ________ is known as “the Shakespeare of Asia，” add an international character to Stratford-upon-Avon, William Shakespeare's hometown. 【详解】分析句子结构可知，________ is known as “the Shakespeare of Asia”为非限制性定语从句，先行词为Tang Xianzu，指人，关系词在从句中作主语，故填who。 2　(2024·全国甲卷)On a cool, starry night in mid-September 1870, four men relaxed before a campfire along the Firehole River in ______ is now northwestern Wyoming. 【详解】分析句子结构可知，介词in后面跟了一个宾语从句，从句中缺少主语，故填连接代词what。 3　(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷)They also need to be ready to give interviews in English with international journalists.This is ________ they need an English trainer. 【详解】根据句意“他们还需要随时准备好接受国际记者的英文采访。这就是他们需要一个英语培训师的原因”可知，此处考查固定句型“This is why ...”，why引导表语从句，故填why。 4　(2022·浙江1月高考)Cobb, for her part, started to ask conference organizers who invited her to speak ________ she could do so remotely; about three-quarters of the time, they agreed. 【详解】分析句子结构可知，设空处引导宾语从句，表示“是否”，应用whether/if。 5　The belief behind it is ________ illness and pain occur because of blocked energy (or Qi) in the body.Acupuncture is used to reestablish the flow of energy and stimulate the body's natural healing (治愈) ability. 【详解】分析句子结构可知，空处引导表语从句，且设空后的句子结构完整，成分齐全，因此应用从属连词that连接。 6　Tiangong Space Station will be the only space station still up and running in the universe one day ________ the International Space Station retires by around the end of the decade as expected. 【详解】句意：如果国际空间站按照预期在本世纪末退役，那么天宫空间站将成为宇宙中唯一仍在运行的空间站。根据句意可知，此处表示条件，故填if。 7　________ he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary (传奇的) artist, they smiled and pointed down the river. 【详解】：句意：当他问河岸上的村民，他在哪里可以找到这位传奇艺术家时，他们笑着并指向河的下游。空处引导时间状语从句，表示“当……时候”，且从句中动词asked为短暂性动作动词，不能用while引导，故应用when或as引导。句首单词首字母要大写。故填When/As。 8　________it's body image, money, or fame, humble bragging is finding its way into our lives more frequently than before, thanks to social media. 【详解】whether ...or ...意为“是……还是……”，为固定用法。故填Whether。 9　Without complex decoration(s), it combines buildings with scenery so well ________ the whole garden appears to be naturally endowed (赋予)． 【详解】so ...that ...为固定句型，意为“如此……以至于……”。故填that。 （一） 1.阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Fu Tian, a college student, cut firewood for 1 (he) grandparents during the winter vacation. The neighbors 2 (praise) him as “the most handsome man”. Fu Tian didn’t sleep late like other 3 (student) , but did some part-time jobs 4 took care of his grandparents. Apart from cutting firewood, he also tried his best 5 (help) them with other work, such as digging the field and 6 (buy) medicine. Nowadays, we often ignore the 7 (important) of love between family members. Fu Tian showed us 8 good example with his practical actions. He said: “Love can be a small thing we do in our daily life. What I put 9 the basket is not firewood but love.” Many people feel 10 (deep) moved after reading the story. 【答案】 1．his 2．praised 3．students 4．and 5．to help 6．buying 7．importance 8．a 9．in 10．deeply 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了一位名叫Fu Tian的大学生在寒假期间为祖父母砍柴，并通过实际行动展现了家庭成员之间爱的重要性的故事。 1．考查代词。句意：大学生Fu Tian在寒假期间为他的祖父母砍柴。修饰空后名词grandparents，作定语，he是主格人称代词，不能作定语，所以应使用其形容词性物主代词his。故填his。 2．考查动词时态。句意：邻居们称赞他是“最英俊的男人”。根据上文cut和下文didn’t sleep可知，句子时态为一般过去时，句子主语The neighbors和动词praise之间构成主谓关系，需用一般过去时的主动语态。故填praised。 3．考查名词。句意：Fu Tian不像其他学生那样睡得很晚，而是做一些兼职工作，照顾他的祖父母。student，意为“学生”，是可数名词，根据空前other可知，此处需填名词复数形式，表示泛指其他学生。故填students。 4．考查连词。句意：Fu Tian不像其他学生那样睡得很晚，而是做一些兼职工作，照顾他的祖父母。“did some part-time jobs”和“took care of his grandparents”是并列关系，故需加连接词and。故填and。 5．考查非谓语动词。句意：除了砍柴，他还尽力帮助他们做其他工作，比如挖地和买药。本题考查固定短语try one’s best to do sth.，意为“尽某人最大努力去做某事”，不定式作目的状语。故填to help。 6．考查非谓语动词。句意：除了砍柴，他还尽力帮助他们做其他工作，比如挖地和买药。and是表示并列的连词，此处连接两个并列的动名词短语，即空处与digging并列。故填buying。 7．考查名词。句意：如今，我们经常忽视家庭成员之间爱情的重要性。根据空前定冠词the和空后介词of可知，空处需填名词，important为形容词，其名词为importance，不可数。故填importance。 8．考查冠词。句意：Fu Tian以实际行动为我们树立了良好的榜样。example为可数名词，此处表示泛指，good发音以辅音音素开头，需用不定冠词a。故填a。 9．考查介词。句意：我放在篮子里的不是柴火，而是爱。本题考查固定短语put...in...，意为“把……放入……”。故填in。 10．考查副词。句意：许多人读完这个故事后都深受感动。空处修饰形容词moved，需用副词形式。故填deeply。 （二） 2.阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。 You want to start doing exercise? Congratulations! You have just taken 1 (you) first step towards a new and improved you! However, some people assume that if some exercise is good, more is always better, so they tend to exercise for 2 long time without stopping. For example, some people go jogging for several hours at a time because of the step-counting smart-phone apps. Others work out for hours at the weekend to make up for the lack of exercise during the 3 (weekday). Habits like these put stress on the body, and can become a serious health risk if they 4 (keep) over the long term. 5 (general) speaking, aerobic routines that last over 100 minutes have a certain health risk. On the other hand, they should not be 6 (short) than 10 minutes. If you do exercise for only a few minutes, you may not be working out long enough 7 (see) any benefits from it. 8 you exercise, you’d better aim for the daily average of 30 to 60 minutes. This will prevent you from 9 (get) hurt. Besides, it will ensure the exercise you do has a positive effect 0 your physical health. 【答案】 1．your 2．a 3．weekdays 4．are kept 5．Generally 6．shorter 7．to see 8．When 9．getting 0．on/upon 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章提醒人们在进行锻炼时要注意适量，避免过度锻炼带来的健康风险。 1．考查代词。句意：你已经迈出了迈向全新、更好的自己的第一步！此处需要形容词性物主代词来修饰名词短语first step，表示“你的第一步”。故填your。 2．考查冠词。句意：然而，有些人认为如果一些锻炼是好的，那么更多总是更好的，所以他们倾向于不停地锻炼很长时间。此处需要不定冠词来修饰long time，表示“很长一段时间”。由于long是辅音音素开头的单词，所以用a，for a long time (长时间)。故填a。 3．考查名词。句意：另一些人则在周末锻炼几个小时，以弥补工作日锻炼的不足。设空处使用名词作宾语，weekday为可数名词，此处表示复数意义。故填weekdays。 4．考查动词时态和语态。句意：像这样的习惯会给身体带来压力，如果它们长期被保持下去，可能会成为严重的健康风险。设空处使用动词作if引导条件状语从句的谓语动词，其符合“主将从现”，设空处为从句谓语动词，故使用一般现在时。同时they指代的是前文的habits，其与keep之间是被动关系，故使用一般现在时被动语态。故填are kept。 5．考查固定短语。句意：一般来说，持续时间超过100分钟的有氧运动有一定的健康风险。固定短语generally speaking (一般来说)，同时该空置于句首，开头单词首字母大写。故填Generally。 6．考查形容词比较级。句意：另一方面，它们不应该短于10分钟。此处需要形容词的比较级作表语，than为比较级标志，表示“不应该短于10分钟”。故填shorter。 7．考查非谓语动词。句意：如果你只锻炼几分钟，你可能锻炼的时间不够长，看不到任何好处。句中may not be working out为谓语，设空处使用非谓语动词；句中enough to do为固定结构，使用不定式结构作状语。故填to see。 8．考查时间状语从句。句意：当你锻炼时，你最好以每天平均30到60分钟为目标。设空处需要一个连词来引导时间状语从句，表示“当你锻炼时”，用when，同时该空置于句首，开头单词首字母大写。故填When。 9．考查非谓语动词。句意：这将防止你受伤。此处需要动名词形式作为介词from的宾语。故填getting。 10．考查固定短语。句意：此外，它将确保你所做的锻炼对你的身体健康有积极影响。固定搭配have a positive effect on/upon意为“对……有积极影响”。故填on/upon。 （三） 3.阅读下面短文，在空格处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Mr. Grey was a biology professor. He had a big 1 (collect) of extremely rare (罕见的) bones, 2 always made him proud. Recently he managed 3 (get) a better job 4 another university. Because Mr. Grey was very busy, 5 (he) wife made the arrangements for all their possessions (财物) to be taken to their new home. On a Monday morning, Mr. Grey was out. There workers came, 6 (take) the thing out of the house and loading them into a truck. One of them bought out 7 large wooden box. He was just about to throw it into the truck when Mrs. Grey 8 (run) out of her house and said, “Please carry that box very 9 (careful)! That one has all of my husband’s bones in it.” The man was so 10 (surprise) that he nearly dropped the box on his feet. 【答案】 1．collection 2．which 3．to get 4．in 5．his 6．taking 7．a 8．ran 9．carefully 10．surprised 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了一位生物学教授的“骨头”的趣事。 1．考查名词。句意：他收藏了大量极其罕见的骨头，这总是让他感到自豪。根据句意和空前的形容词“big”可知，此处应填名词“collection”作宾语。故填collection。 2．考查定语从句。句意同上。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是前面的整个句子，关系词在非限制性定语从句中作主语，应用关系代词“which”。故填which。 3．考查非谓语动词。句意：最近他设法在另一所大学找到了一份更好的工作。manage to do sth. 是固定搭配，意为“设法做某事”。故填to get。 4．考查介词。句意同上。表示在在另一所大学，用介词“in”。故填in。 5．考查代词。句意：因为格雷先生很忙，他的妻子安排把他们所有的财产都带到新家。根据句意和空后的名词“wife”可知，此处应填形容词性物主代词“his”。故填his。 6．考查非谓语动词。句意：工人们来了，把东西从房子里拿出来，装进卡车里。根据句意和空前的“came”可知，空处为非谓语动词，There workers与take为主动关系，所以此处应填现在分词“taking”作状语。故填taking。 7．考查冠词。句意：其中一个人拿出一个大木箱。此处泛指“一个大木箱”，应填不定冠词修饰，且large首字母的发音为辅音音素。故填a。 8．考查动词时态。句意：他正要把它扔进卡车，这时格雷太太跑出家门说：“请小心搬那个箱子！那个箱子里装着我丈夫的骨头。”根据句意和上下文时态可知，句子叙述过去发生的动作，使用一般过去时，应填动词的过去式“ran”。故填ran。 9．考查副词。句意同上。修饰动词“carry”应用副词“carefully”作状语。故填carefully。 10．考查形容词。句意：那个人非常惊讶，以至于差点把箱子掉在脚上。此处表示那个人非常惊讶，可知，此处应填ed结尾的形容词“surprised”作表语。故填surprised。 （四） 4.阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 China once again proved its 1 (able) to change the world with the “four great new inventions” : high-speed railway, electronic payments , shared bicycles and online shopping. They are related to China's high tech innovation (创新), 2 has improved the quality of people's lives, according to a survey 3 (make) by a research center. “My wallet is no longer in use. I can buy and eat whatever I want with a finger tip on my phone,” said 4 university student. The bikes themselves are not new, but the operating model is based on the satellite navigation system (卫星导航) and other high 5 (technology). “China 6 (development very fast in the last few years as the government has spent much money in encouraging innovation,” said a foreigner 7 (live) in China. It is true that China is a leading country 8 many ways. This is because China skipped (跳跃) over the PC age and went 9 (direct) into the mobile age. China has a 10 (large) mobile use than any other country in the world. 【答案】 1．ability 2．which 3．made 4．a 5．technologies 6．has developed 7．living 8．in 9．directly 10．larger 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国的“四大发明”，即高速铁路、电子支付、共享单车和在线购物，并强调了它们与中国的高科技创新的关系，以及它们对人们生活质量的提升。 1．考查名词。句意：中国再一次用“新四大发明”证明了自己改变世界的能力：高速铁路、电子支付、共享单车和网上购物。分析句子成分，根据空前的形容性物主代词可知，空处为名词形式。故填ability。 2．考查定语从句。句意：根据一家研究中心的一项调查，它们与中国的高科技创新有关，这提高了人们的生活质量。这里为定语从句的关系词，代指主句一句话，在非限制性定语从句中担当主语，用关系代词which。故填which。 3．考查非谓语动词。句意：根据一家研究中心的一项调查，它们与中国的高科技创新有关，这提高了人们的生活质量。非谓语动词担当后置定语，被修饰词“survey”和动词“make”之间为被动关系，用过去分词形式。故填made。 4．考查冠词。句意：“我的钱包不用了。我可以用手机买任何我想吃的东西，”一名大学生说。修饰可数名词单数，表示泛指，用不定冠词。故填a。 5．考查名词的数。句意：这些自行车本身并不新鲜，但其运营模式是基于卫星导航系统和其他高科技。根据空前的“other”可知，空处为名词的复数形式。故填technologies。 6．考查时态。句意：“中国在过去几年里发展非常快，因为政府在鼓励创新方面投入了大量资金，”一位生活在中国的外国人表示。这里为本句谓语动词，根据时间状语“in the last few years”可知，本句时态为现在完成时；主语为“China”，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填has developed。 7．考查非谓语动词。句意：“中国在过去几年里发展非常快，因为政府在鼓励创新方面投入了大量资金，”一位生活在中国的外国人表示。非谓语动词担当后置定语，被修饰词“a foreigner”和动词“live”之间为主动关系，用现在分词形式。故填living。 8．考查固定短语。句意：的确，中国在许多方面都是一个领先的国家。固定搭配：in…ways，意为“在……方面”，符合句意。故填in。 9．考查副词。句意：这是因为中国跳过了PC时代，直接进入了移动时代。修饰动词短语用副词形式。故填directly。 10．考查比较级。句意：中国的移动用户比世界上任何一个国家都多。根据空后的“than any other country in the world”可知，空处为比较级形式。故填larger。 （五） 5.阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 On the morning of February 5, Tang Yuman, 1 high school student from Huludao city, was watching the sunrise by the seaside when he noticed someone floating (漂浮) on the water’s surface. Tang shouted in that direction, but there 2 (be) no response. “I did feel a little scared at that moment, but I knew I must rescue (搭救) the person,” said Tang. Tang took off his coat without 3 (hesitate) and jumped into the water. Though he felt painfully cold, he tried his best 4 (reach) the drowning (溺水的) person. It was an old woman. Tang lifted her shoulders out of the water 5 drew her toward the shore. He tried several times to push the elderly woman to the shore, but was only able to pull 6 (she) onto the ice. He kept himself calm and called 120 for help. While waiting 7 the doctors, Tang also gave the elderly woman first aid, as he found she had trouble in 8 (breathe). Just then, another man, 9 was on a morning run, came over to help them. The granny 10 (rush) to the hospital after the doctors arrived. Thanks to the pair’s timely rescue, she got out of danger. 【答案】 1．a 2．was 3．hesitation 4．to reach 5．and 6．her 7．for 8．breathing 9．who 10．was rushed 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章通过叙述唐玉满在海边看日出时救人的事件，展现了他的勇敢和冷静，同时也体现了在紧急情况下如何采取有效措施的重要性。 1．考查冠词。句意：2月5日早上，来自葫芦岛市的一名高中生唐玉满在海边看日出时，注意到水面上有人漂浮着。此处泛指“一名高中生”，且high发音以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a修饰。故填a。 2．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：唐朝着那个方向大喊，但没有回应。根据上文shouted可知，本句描述过去的动作和状态，故时态用一般过去时，谓语用过去式，且there be句型遵循就近原则，此处be动词与no response保持一致，用was。故填was。 3．考查名词。句意：唐毫不犹豫地脱下外套，跳进水里。without为介词，后跟hesitate的名词hesitation“犹豫”，作宾语。故填hesitation。 4．考查非谓语动词。句意：虽然他感到刺骨的寒冷，但他尽力去救那个溺水的人。try one’s best to do sth.“尽力做某事”为固定搭配，本空用reach“达到，能伸到”的不定式。故填to reach。 5．考查连词。句意：唐把她的肩膀从水里抬起来，把她拉向岸边。lifted her shoulders out of the water与drew her toward the shore并列，用连词and连接。故填and。 6．考查代词。句意：他试着把老太太推到岸边好几次，但只能把她拉到冰上。pull为动词，后跟人称代词宾格her“她”，作宾语。故填her。 7．考查介词。句意：在等医生的时候，唐还给老太太做了急救，因为他发现她呼吸困难。wait for sb.为固定搭配，意为“等待某人”。故填for。 8．考查非谓语动词。句意：在等医生的时候，唐还给老太太做了急救，因为他发现她呼吸困难。in为介词，后跟breathe“呼吸”的动名词breathing，作宾语。故填breathing。 9．考查定语从句。句意：就在这时，另一个正在晨跑的人过来帮忙。本空引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是man，指人，关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who引导。故填who。 10．考查动词语态。句意：医生到来后，老奶奶被迅速送往医院。此处描述过去发生的事情，时态用一般过去时，主语the granny与动词rush“快速运输，速送”之间为被动关系，故用一般过去时的被动语态，主语为第三人称单数，be动词用was。故填was rushed。 （六） 6.阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Tim always looked for the easy way to do something. When his mother told him 1 (take) out the rubbish, he told his little sister to do it. When his father 2 (ask) him for help, Tim said he was 3 (tire). For English class, Tim 4 (recent) had to write a short article about an animal. He went online, chose an article about 5 (tiger), and copied it. With a big smile 6 his face, he gave it to his teacher. But Tim wasn’t so 7 (luck). His teacher read 8 same article online! Tim received zero points for 9 (he) homework. As punishment, he had to write not one, 10 two new articles. Tim learned his lesson. Cheating is wrong, and it always leads to trouble. 【答案】 1．to take 2．asked 3．tired 4．recently 5．tigers 6．on 7．lucky 8．the 9．his 10．but 【导语】 这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了蒂姆总是寻找简单的方法来做事情，最终也因此受到了惩罚。 1．考查非谓语动词。句意：当他妈妈告诉他把垃圾拿出去时，他告诉他的小妹妹去做。tell sb. to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“告诉某人做某事”。故填to take。 2．考查动词时态。句意：当他父亲请他帮忙时，蒂姆说他累了。根据“said”和“was”可知，此处为一般过去时。故填asked。 3．考查形容词。句意同上。was为系动词，后面接形容词作表语，表示“人的感受”，需用-ed结尾的形容词tired。故填tired。 4．考查副词。句意：对于英语课，蒂姆最近必须写一篇关于动物的短文。修饰动词write，需用副词recently，作状语。故填recently。 5．考查名词。句意：他上网，选了一篇关于老虎的文章，抄写了它。空处需填名词作宾语，tiger为可数名词，此处表示泛指，且没有冠词限定，需填名词复数形式。故填tigers。 6．考查介词。句意：脸上带着灿烂的笑容，他把它交给了老师。on one’s face为固定搭配，意为“在……的脸上”。故填on。 7．考查形容词。句意：但是蒂姆就没那么幸运了。was为系动词，空处需填形容词lucky，作表语。故填lucky。 8．考查冠词。句意：他的老师在网上看到了同样的文章！the same为固定搭配，意为“相同的”。故填the。 9．考查代词。句意：姆的家庭作业得了零分。修饰名词homework，需用形容词性物主代词his，作限定词。故填his。 10．考查连词。句意：作为惩罚，他不得不写两篇新文章，而不是一篇。not…but…为固定句型，意为“不是……而是……”。故填but。 （七） 7.阅读下面短文，在空格处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 When you go to restaurants in different parts of the world, it’s important to know the right and wrong things 1 (do). For example, in some parts of the world, it’s OK to make a lot of noise in a restaurant. In fact, if in a restaurant there isn’t 2 (noise) and lively, you may think there’s something wrong with it. In some other parts of the world, however, restaurants are quiet places. If a table is too loud, other people in the restaurant might 3 (strong) complain to the owner of the restaurant. How to pay the bill is also different from country 4 country. In some countries one person usually 5 (pay) for everybody. In other countries, 6 friends eat together, they usually share the bill. This 7 (call) “going Dutch”. Also, they usually leave a tip for the waiter. They tip between 15% and 20% of the bill, depending on 8 good the service is. Different countries have different 9 (custom). When you travel to another country please follow what 10 (it) people do. 【答案】 1．to do 2．noisy 3．strongly 4．to 5．pays 6．when 7．is called 8．how 9．customs 10．its 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。当你去世界各地的餐馆时，知道做什么是正确的和错误的事情是很重要的。本文主要介绍了在不同国家餐馆就餐和付钱的习俗。 1．考查动词不定式。句意：当你去世界各地的餐馆时，知道做什么是正确的和错误的事情是很重要的。分析句子可知，空格处应填入非谓语动词作定语。根据句意，此处应用动词不定式作定语，表示“要做的正确的和错误的事情”。故填to do。 2．考查形容词。句意：事实上，如果那里的餐馆不喧闹热闹，你可能会认为它有问题。根据空后and lively可知，空格处应填入形容词与lively并列作表语。noise的形容词形式为noisy，意为“吵闹的”。故填noisy。 3．考查副词。句意：如果桌子发出太大声响，餐厅里的其他人可能会向餐厅老板强烈抱怨。分析句子可知，空格处应填入副词作状语修饰动词complain。strong的副词形式为strongly，意为“强烈地”。故填strongly。 4．考查介词。句意：如何支付账单也因国家而异。分析句子可知，空格处应填入介词。from…to…是固定结构。故填to。 5．考查动词的时态。句意：在一些国家，一个人通常为每个人买单。分析句子可知，空格处应填入谓语动词。根据上下文可知，此处应用一般现在时态。主语是one person，是第三人称单数形式，故谓语动词应用单数第三人称形式。故填pays。 6．考查状语从句。句意：在其他国家，当朋友们一起吃饭时，他们通常会分摊账单。分析句子可知，空格处应填入状语从句的引导词。根据句意，此处指“当朋友们一起吃饭时”，故此处是时间状语从句，应用when引导。故填when。 7．考查动词的时态和语态。句意：这被称为“AA制”。分析句子可知，空格处应填入谓语动词。根据上文they usually share the bill可知，此处应用一般现在时态。主语是This，且与动词call构成逻辑上的动宾关系，故用被动语态。故填is called。 8．考查宾语从句。句意：根据服务的好坏，他们会给账单的15%到20%之间的小费。分析句子可知，空格处应填入宾语从句的引导词。根据空格后的形容词good可知，此处应用how引导。故填how。 9．考查名词的数。句意：不同的国家有不同的风俗习惯。根据空格前的different可知，空格处应填入名词复数形式。故填customs。 10．考查形容词性的物主代词。句意：当你去另一个国家旅行时，请遵循该国人民的行为。根据空格后的people可知，空格处应填入形容词性的物主代词。故填its。 （一） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 I was born and raised in Cleveland, Ohio in the United States. Yet now, I live in the countryside of Zhejiang, China with my Chinese husband and his family, 1 bamboo and tea bushes (灌木) grow wild in the mountains, chickens are always free-range, and 2 (center) heating doesn’t exist. Nothing in my life before prepared me 3 this one-and to be sure, the first time I came here I never imagined I would ever feel comfortable in this area. But it’s amazing how you can adapt 4 learn in a new environment. Over time, I’ve found 5 (I) feeling extremely at home here. And in the process, I’ve experienced things that really surprise me at times. The “sunshine scent (香味)” of freshly sunned clothes 6 (be) one of them.      Growing up, my family and our neighbors never used clotheslines to dry clothing, denying me the chance 7 (discover) one of the great wonders of sunshine — the sweet “sunshine scent” after sunning clothes for an entire day. The sun-dried clothes smell especially pleasant where I live, thanks to the 8 (absent) of smog and plenty of blue sky 9 (afternoon) with lots of fresh air. If you’ve never experienced the “sunshine scent” from a sheet or shirt 10 (leave) to sun for a day, well, you’re missing out on one of life’s wonders. 【答案】 1．where 2．central 3．for 4．and 5．myself 6．is 7．to discover 8．absence 9．afternoons 10．left 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者从美国到中国浙江农村生活的经历与感受。 1．考查定语从句。句意：然而现在，我和我的中国丈夫和他的家人住在中国浙江的农村，在那里山上野生竹子和茶树丛生，鸡总是自由放养的，而且没有集中供暖。本空引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the countryside of Zhejiang，China，关系词代替先行词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导。故填where。 2．考查形容词。句意同上。本空修饰名词heating，应用形容词central“中央的，中心的”，作定语。故填central。 3．考查介词。句意：我生命中没有任何事情能让我为这一切做好准备——可以肯定的是，我第一次来到这里时，从未想过我会在这个地方感到舒适。prepare sb. for...“使某人为……做好准备”，固定搭配。故填for。 4．考查连词。句意：但令人惊讶的是，你是如何适应并在新环境中学习的。adapt和learn是并列关系，应用连词and连接。故填and。 5．考查反身代词。句意：随着时间的推移，我发现自己在这里有了宾至如归的感觉。本空指代主语I，表示“我自己”，应用反身代词myself。故填myself。 6．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：晒过的衣服的“阳光的味道”就是其中之一。本句描述的是一般事实，时态用一般现在时，且主语The “sunshine scent (香味)” of freshly sunned clothes为第三人称单数，be动词用is。故填is。 7．考查非谓语动词。句意：在我的成长过程中，我的家人和邻居从不使用晾衣绳晾晒衣物，这让我没有机会发现阳光的奇妙之处之一——将衣服晒了一整天后散发的甜美的“阳光的味道”。本句已有谓语used，此处应用非谓语动词， chance to do sth.“做某事的机会”,本空用discover的不定式，作定语。故填to discover。 8．考查名词。句意：我住的地方，晒干的衣服闻起来特别香，这要归功于没有烟雾，而且下午的天很蓝天、空气新鲜。本空作thanks to的宾语，应用名词absence“缺乏，没有”，不可数名词。故填absence。 9．考查名词的数。句意：我住的地方，晒干的衣服闻起来特别香，这要归功于没有烟雾，而且下午有很多蓝天和新鲜空气。afternoon“下午”是可数名词，此处指不止一个下午，应用复数形式afternoons。故填afternoons。 10．考查非谓语动词。句意：如果你从未体验过在阳光下晾晒了一整天的床单或衬衫散发的“阳光的味道”，那么你就错过了生活中的一大奇观。本句已有谓语have experienced，此处应用非谓语动词，a sheet or shirt和leave“使处于某种状态”之间是逻辑动宾关系，应用过去分词，作后置定语。故填left。 （二） 阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 An exhibition at the Jiushi Art Museum in Shanghai is featuring artwork inspired by Go, or weiqi in Chinese, 11 originated in China more than 4,000 years ago. Go is one of 12 earliest binary-based (基于二元的) games. The movements of the black and white pieces reflect the basic ideas of Eastern philosophy, according to Tu Ningning, who is in charge of the exhibition. “The exhibition brings together Go culture, cutting-edge technology and contemporary art,” says Tu. “We hope 13 (present)the rather abstract Go game and AI in a visual context, and initiate dialogues with minimalist art, conceptual art and expressionism.” “In a Go game, each move should serve a long-term goal. You try to lead the opponent into your trap and force them to follow your ‘ 14 (guide)’ till they lose,” explains Wang Wei, a Go player among the visitors to the exhibition. “The players’ personalities 15 (reveal) during the game, and one’s weaknesses are exposed to the opponent,” she adds. “A decent winner always 16 (try) to beat the opponent 17 no more than one or two points as a gesture (姿态) of respect for the other side. ” Tu says that the balance between the black and white pieces, the beauty in the 18 (strategy) placement of the pieces, 19 the energy flow following each move inspired artists to create oil paintings, sculptures, 20 (digital) generated pictures and silk-screen prints for the exhibition. 【答案】 11．which 12．the 13．to present 14．guidance 15．are revealed 16．tries 17．by 18．strategic/strategical 19．and 20．digitally 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了上海久事美术馆举办的一场以围棋为灵感的艺术展览。 11．56. 考查定语从句。句意：上海久事美术馆正在举办一场展览，展出的艺术品灵感来自围棋（中文称为“围棋”），它起源4000多年前的中国。本空引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词为Go, or weiqi in Chinese，指物，且关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，所以用关系代词which引导。故填which。 12．考查冠词。句意：围棋是最早的基于二元的棋类游戏之一。形容词最高级前用定冠词the。故填the。 13．考查非谓语动词。句意：我们希望在一个视觉语境中呈现相当抽象的围棋游戏和人工智能，并与极简主义艺术、观念艺术和表现主义展开对话。本句谓语为hope，此处为非谓语动词，hope to do sth.“希望做某事”，所以此处需用动词present“呈现”的不定式，作宾语。故填to present。 14．考查名词。句意：你试图引导对手进入你的陷阱，迫使他们跟随你的“引导”直到他们输掉。此处作follow的宾语，用名词guidance“引导”，不可数名词。故填guidance。 15．考查动词语态。句意：她补充说：“玩家的个性在游戏中显露出来，一个人的弱点会暴露给对手。”本句描述一般事实，时态用一般现在时，且主语The players’ personalities与动词reveal“揭示，显示”为被动关系，所以空处需用一般现在时态的被动语态，主语为复数，be动词用are。故填are revealed。 16．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：一个不错的赢家总是尽力以仅仅一两分的优势击败对手，以表示对对方的尊重。根据always可知，本句描述一般事实，时态用一般现在时，主语a decent winner为第三人称单数，所以谓语需用try“尽力”的第三人称单数tries。故填tries。 17．考查介词。句意同上。“by+具体数值”表示“以（某一差值）”，此处指“以一到两分的优势”，符合语境。故填by。 18．考查形容词。句意：屠宁宁说，黑白棋子之间的平衡，棋子在策略布局上的美感，以及每一步棋所蕴含的能量流动，都激发了艺术家们为展览创作油画、雕塑、数字生成的图片和丝网版画。此处修饰名词placement，需用形容词strategic或者strategical“战略性的，策略的”，作定语。故填strategic/strategical。 19．64. 考查连词。句意同上。the balance between the black and white pieces, the beauty in the strategic placement of the pieces, the energy flow following each move三者为并列关系，作并列主语，所以空处需用连词and。故填and。 20．考查副词。句意同上。此处修饰形容词generated，需用副词digitally“数字地”，作状语。故填digitally。 （三） 阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Although parks of all sizes and types exist at any level, the national parks, in particular, tend 21 (catch) our attention because of their large size and variety. They are 22 (treasure) of American heritage (遗产). How did the national park system come about? On a cool, starry night in mid-September 1870, four men relaxed before a campfire along the Firehole River in 23 is now northwestern Wyoming. They 24 (be) part of a 15-member exploring party that had spent almost five awesome weeks in witness of the natural beauties there. What should 25 (do) with such a beautiful place? They wondered out loud. This area, with 26 (it) unique and breathtaking natural beauty, must be well preserved 27 all people of the nation to enjoy — as a national park. They all agreed and vowed (承诺) to promote the idea at the 28 (complete) of their journey. Their promotional work paid off. Two years later, 18 years before Wyoming became a state, Yellowstone became the first national park in the United States and the world. Yellowstone was the 29 (large) United States national park — 2.2 million acres — until Wrangell-Saint Elias in southern Alaska, 30 became a national monument in 1978, took the honors as a national park in 1980 with 12.3 million acres. 【答案】 21．to catch 22．treasures 23．what 24．were 25．be done 26．its 27．for 28．completion 29．largest 30．which 【导语】本文是说明文。文章讲述了美国国家公园的由来，即四个男人发现了一处非常美的自然风景区，决定好好保护它以供后人欣赏，并为此做出了许多努力。 21．考查非谓语动词。句意：尽管各级都有各种规模和类型的公园，但国家公园尤其吸引我们的注意，因为它们体积大，种类繁多。固定搭配：tend to do sth.，表示“倾向于做某事”，不定式作宾语，故填to catch。 22．考查名词。句意：它们是美国传统的瑰宝。treasure表示“宝藏”，为可数名词，结合前文they are，应用复数形式，故填treasures。 23．考查宾语从句。句意：1870年9月中旬，在一个凉爽、繁星点点的夜晚，四个男人在火洞河边的营火前放松，这里现在是怀俄明州的西北部。后文为介词in的宾语，is前缺主语，指物，主语用what引导宾语从句，作介词in的宾语，故填what。 24．考查时态。句意：他们是一个由15人组成的探险队的一部分，他们花了近五个星期的时间来见证那里的自然美景。本空前They指代上文提及的四个男人，时间为1870年，同时联系后文had spent的过去完成时可知，本空时态为过去式且为复数形式，故填were。 25．考查被动语态。句意：对于这样一个美丽的地方，我们应该做些什么呢？主语what指物，与谓语动词do是被动关系，情态动词should后接be done构成被动语态，故填be done。 26．考查代词。句意：这个地区拥有独特的、令人惊叹的自然美景，必须作为国家公园保护好，为了所有国家的人都能享受。修饰名词beauty用形容词性物主代词its，故填its。 27．考查介词。句意同上。介词for表目的，表示“为了所有国家的人都能享受”。 故填for。 28．考查名词。句意：他们都同意了，并发誓要在旅行结束后推广这个想法。冠词修饰名词，本空应填名词作宾语，complete名词形式为completion，不可数，故填completion。 29．考查形容词最高级。句意：黄石公园是美国最大的国家公园，占地220万英亩，直到1978年成为国家纪念碑的阿拉斯加南部的弗兰格尔-圣伊莱亚斯在1980年以1230万英亩的面积作为国家公园获得这项荣誉。本空前有the，为形容词最高级标志词，结合下文“1978年成为国家纪念碑的阿拉斯加南部的弗兰格尔-圣伊莱亚斯在1980年以1230万英亩的面积获得国家公园的荣誉”可知，用large的最高级largest作定语，故填largest。 30．考查定语从句。句意同上。本空所在句子为定语从句，先行词为Wrangell-Saint Elias，从句中作主语，指物，引导非限制性定语从句用which，故填which。 【点睛】 （四） 阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入 1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Chinese cultural elements commemorating (纪念) Tang Xianzu, 31 is known as “the Shakespeare of Asia,” add an international character to Stratford-upon-Avon, William Shakespeare’s hometown. Tang and Shakespeare were contemporaries and both died in 1616. Although they could never have met, there are common 32 (theme) in their works, said Paul Edmondson, head of research for the Shakespeare Birthplace Trust. “Some of the things that Tang was writing about 33 (be) also Shakespeare’s concerns. I happen to know that Tang’s play The Peony Pavilion (《牡丹亭》) is similar in some ways 34 Romeo and Juliet.” A statue commemorating Shakespeare and Tang was put up at Shakespeare’s Birthplace Garden in 2017. Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, 35 (inspire)by The Peony Pavilion, 36 (build)at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace. Those cultural elements have increased Stratford’s international 37 (visible), said Edmondson, adding that visitors walking through the Birthplace Garden were often amazed 38 (find)the connection between the two great writers. 39 (recall)watching a Chinese opera version of Shakespeare’s play Richard III in Shanghai and meeting Chinese actors who came to Stratford a few years ago to perform parts of The Peony Pavilion, Edmondson said, “It was very exciting to hear the Chinese language 40 see how Tang’s play was being performed.” 【答案】 31．who 32．themes 33．were 34．to 35．inspired 36．was built 37．visibility 38．to find 39．Recalling 40．and 【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国明代戏曲家汤显祖与英国戏剧家莎士比亚之间的联系和共同点，并展示了这种联系如何被纪念和展示在莎士比亚的故乡斯特拉特福德，且说明了这种联系对于提高斯特拉特福德国际知名度的重要性。 31．考查定语从句。句意：为了纪念被誉为“亚洲莎士比亚”的汤显祖，中国文化元素为莎士比亚的故乡——埃文河畔的斯特拉特福增添了国际化的色彩。这里为定语从句的关系词，先行词为“Tang Xianzu”，在非限制性定语从句中担当主语，表示人，用关系代词who引导。故填who。 32．考查名词的数。句意：莎士比亚故居信托基金会的研究主管Paul Edmondson说，尽管他们从未见过面，但他们的作品中都有共同的主题。本句为“there be”句型，为倒装句，根据谓语动词“are”可判断，本句主语为名词的复数形式。故填themes。 33．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：“汤显祖所写的一些内容也是莎士比亚所关心的。我碰巧知道汤显祖的戏剧《牡丹亭》在某些方面与《罗密欧与朱丽叶》相似。”这里为本句谓语动词，根据句意以及定语从句时态可知，本句时态为一般过去时；主语为“some of the things”，复数。故填were。 34．考查固定短语。句意：“汤显祖所写的一些内容也是莎士比亚所关心的。我碰巧知道汤显祖的戏剧《牡丹亭》在某些方面与《罗密欧与朱丽叶》相似。”固定短语：be similar to，意为“和……相似”，符合句意。故填to。 35．考查非谓语动词。句意：两年后，一座六米高的亭子在菲斯花园落成，该花园距离莎士比亚故居仅十分钟步行路程，其灵感来自《牡丹亭》。非谓语动词担当后置定语，被修饰词“a six-meter-tall pavilion”和动词“inspire”之间为被动关系，用过去分词形式。故填inspired。 36．考查时态和语态。句意：两年后，一座六米高的亭子在菲斯花园落成，该花园距离莎士比亚故居仅十分钟步行路程，其灵感来自《牡丹亭》。这里为本句谓语动词，根据时间状语“Two years later”可知，本句时态为一般过去时；主语为“a six-meter-tall pavilion”，单数，和动词“build”之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填was built。 37．考查名词。句意：Edmondson说，这些文化元素提高了斯特拉特福德的国际知名度，并补充说，游客们穿过故居花园时，常常惊讶于这两位伟大作家之间的联系。形容词international后接名词形式，visibility“知名度”为不可数名词作宾语。故填visibility。 38．考查非谓语动词。句意：Edmondson说，这些文化元素提高了斯特拉特福德的国际知名度，并补充说，游客们穿过故居花园时，常常惊讶于这两位伟大作家之间的联系。非谓语动词担当形容词“amazed”后的原因状语，用动词不定式形式。故填to find。 39．考查非谓语动词。句意：回忆起几年前在上海观看莎士比亚戏剧《理查三世》的中国版，并遇见前来斯特拉特福德表演《牡丹亭》部分片段的中国演员时，Edmondson说：“听到中文，看到汤显祖的戏剧是如何被表演的，非常激动人心。”非谓语动词担当状语，主语“Edmondson”和动词“recall”之间为主动关系，用现在分词形式担当状语；出现在句首，首字母大写。故填Recalling。 40．考查连词。句意：回忆起几年前在上海观看莎士比亚戏剧《理查三世》的中国版，并遇见前来斯特拉特福德表演《牡丹亭》部分片段的中国演员时，Edmondson说：“听到中文，看到汤显祖的戏剧是如何被表演的，非常激动人心。”空前“hear the Chinese language”和空后“see how Tang’s play was being performed”为并列结构，用and连接。故填and。 【点睛】 （五） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Heatherwick Studio recently built a greenhouse at the edge of the National Trust’s Woolbeding Gardens. This beautiful structure, named Glasshouse, is at the centre of a new garden that shows how the Silk Road influences English gardens even in modern times. The latest 41 (engineer) techniques are applied to create this protective 42 (function) structure that is also beautiful. The design features ten steel “sepals (萼片)” made of glass and aluminium (铝). These sepals open on warm days 43 (give) the inside plants sunshine and fresh air. In cold weather, the structure stays 44 (close) to protect the plants. Further, the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse 45 (walk) visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road, by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for 46 first time. These plants included modern Western 47 (favourite) such as rosemary, lavender and fennel. The garden also contains a winding path that guides visitors through the twelve regions of the Silk Road. The path offers over 300 plant species for visitors to see, too. The Glasshouse stands 48 a great achievement in contemporary design, to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing (追溯) the steps along the Silk Route 49 brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the 50 (rich) of gardening in England. 【答案】 41．engineering 42．functional 43．to give 44．closed 45．walks 46．the 47．favorites 48．as 49．which/that 50．richness 【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Heatherwick工作室最近公布的一个新项目——一个位于国家信托基金会伍尔贝丁花园边缘的动态温室，并详细描述了该温室的设计、功能、以及它如何与丝绸之路的历史和丝绸之路花园相结合。 41．考查名词。句意：最新的工程技术被用来创造一个同样美丽的保护功能结构。根据句意可知，空处考查短语engineering techniques，意为“工程技术”，符合句意。故填engineering。 42．考查形容词。句意：最新的工程技术被用来创造一个同样美丽的保护功能结构。空处修饰名词structure，应用形容词作定语functional，符合题意。故填functional。 43．考查非谓语动词。句意：这些萼片在温暖日子里开放，为内部植物提供阳光和新鲜空气。此处作目的状语，应用动词不定式。故填to give。 44．考查形容词。句意：然后在寒冷的天气里，这个结构保持关闭，以保护亚热带植物。空处用于stays之后作表语，应用形容词closed，表示“紧闭的”，符合题意。故填closed。 45．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：此外，围绕温室的丝绸之路花园带领游客走过一段受古丝绸之路影响的旅程。walk sb. through，意为“带领某人穿过……”，空处为本句谓语动词，根据上文可知，本句时态为一般现在时，主语the Silk Route Garden为单数，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填walks。 46．考查冠词。句意：亚洲和欧洲之间的贸易路线第一次为英国带来了丝绸、香料和许多植物。固定搭配：for the first time，意为“第一次”，符合句意。故填the。 47．考查名词的数。句意：这些植物包括现代西方最受喜爱的迷迭香、薰衣草和茴香。favorite是可数名词，意为“特别受喜爱的东西”，根据空后such as rosemary, lavender and fennel可知，空处应用名词的复数形式。故填favorites。 48．考查介词。句意：这座温室是当代设计的巅峰之作，位于追溯丝绸之路的道路尽头，将中国西南的植物容纳其中，将这些植物从亚洲的原生栖息地带到英格兰，定义了英格兰园艺的丰富性。根据句意可知，空处指的是“作为”，应用介词as。故填as。 49．考查定语从句。句意：Glasshouse是当代设计中的一项伟大成就，它将中国西南部的植物安置在丝绸之路的尽头，丝绸之路将植物从亚洲的原生栖息地带到这里，定义了英国丰富的园艺。空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the Silk Route，先行词指物，关系词在定语从句中作主语，用关系代词which或that引导从句。故填which/that。 50．考查名词。句意：这座温室是当代设计的巅峰之作，位于追溯丝绸之路的道路尽头，将中国西南的植物容纳其中，将这些植物从亚洲的原生栖息地带到英格兰，定义了英格兰园艺的丰富性。冠词修饰名词，应用名词形式richness，作介词of的宾语。故填richness。 【点睛】 （六） 阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The shelves in most supermarkets are full of family-size this and multi-buy that. However, if you’re shopping for one, buying extra 51 (benefit) from price reductions doesn’t make sense. Either your shopping is then too heavy to carry home 52 you can’t use what you’ve bought while it’s still fresh. Of course, shops are not charities — they price goods in the way 53 will make them the most money. If most of their customers are happy to buy larger quantities, that’s 54 they’ll promote. But that leaves the solo (单独) customers out of pocket and disappointed. Many supermarkets are no longer doing “buy one get one free” promotions because of the 55 (criticize) that they lead to waste. Consumers prefer money off individual items. However, though it’s nice to get a few cents off a pack of sausages, it would help even more if they could sometimes 56 (offer) in smaller packs. Even the biggest sausage fan doesn’t want to eat them every day. If your supermarket sells loose produce, then buying smaller quantities is easier. Over the last two years, some supermarkets 57 (start) selling chicken or salad in packs 58 (design) with two halves containing separate portions (份). Then, when you use one section, 59 other stays fresh. Who knows, perhaps some of the more forward-looking 60 (one) may yet come out with a whole range of “just for you” pack sizes with special offers as well. 【答案】 51．to benefit 52．or 53．that/which 54．what 55．criticism 56．be offered 57．have started 58．designed 59．the 60．ones 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章对商家各式各样的促销手段进行了介绍。 51．考查动词不定式。句意：然而，如果你是想买一件，那么多买一件来享受降价是没有意义的。根据“buying extra”和“from price reductions”可知，此处是指多买一件来享受降价，所以应用to do不定式作目的状语。故填to benefit。 52．考查固定句式。句意：要么你买的东西太重，搬不回家，要么你买的东西还新鲜，就不能用了。either...or...意为“要么……要么……”，为固定句式，所以此处应用连词or。故填or。 53．考查定语从句。句意：当然，商店不是慈善机构——他们以最赚钱的方式给商品定价。在定语从句中缺少主语，且先行词为way，所以应用关系代词that或which。故填that/which。 54．考查名词性从句。句意：如果他们的大多数客户都乐意大量购买，那他们就会推广。在表语从句中缺少宾语，且是指事物，所以应用连接代词what。故填what。 55．考查名词。句意：许多超市不再进行“买一送一”的促销活动，因为有人批评这种活动会造成浪费。根据“that they lead to waste”可知，此处应用名词criticism表示“批评”作宾语。故填criticism。 56．考查含有情态动词的被动语态。句意：然而，虽然一包香肠能便宜几美分是件好事，但如果有时能以小包装出售，那就更好了。动词offer意为“提供”，和主语构成被动关系，主语they代指前文中的sausages。在情态动词could后动词应用原形。故填be offered。 57．考查现在完成时。句意：在过去的两年里，一些超市开始销售鸡肉或沙拉包装，设计成两半，拆分成两份。根据“Over the last two years”可知，此处应用现在完成时。动词start意为“开始”。故填have started。 58．考查过去分词。句意：在过去的两年里，一些超市开始销售鸡肉或沙拉包装，设计成两半，拆分成两份。动词design意为“设计”，和谓语之间没有连词，和逻辑主语packs构成被动关系，且动作已完成，所以应用过去分词形式作后置定语。故填designed。 59．考查冠词。句意：然后，当你使用其中一部分时，另一部分保持新鲜。the other意为“另一个”，为固定搭配，所以此处应用定冠词the。故填the。 60．考查代词。句意：谁知道呢，也许一些更有远见的人可能还会推出一系列“只为你”的包装尺寸，并提供特别优惠。代词one意为“一个人”，在some of后应用复数形式。故填ones。 （七） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 For thousands of years, people have told fables (寓言) 61 (teach) a lesson or to pass on wisdom. Fables were part of the oral tradition of many early cultures, and the well-known Aesop’s fables date to the 62 (six) century, B．C． Yet, the form of the fable still has values today, 63 Rachel Carson says in “A Fable for Tomorrow.” Carson uses a simple, direct style common to fable. In fact, her style and tone (口吻) are seemingly directed at children. “There was once a town in the heart of America, 64 all life seemed to enjoy peaceful existence with its surroundings,” her fable begins, 65 (borrow) some familiar words from many age-old fables. Behind the simple style, however, is a serious message 66 (intend) for everyone. 67 (difference) from traditional fables, Carson’s story ends with an accusation instead of a moral. She warns of the environmental dangers facing society, and she teaches that people must take responsibility 68 saving their environment. The themes of traditional fables often deal with simple truths about everyday life. However, Carson’s theme is a more weighty 69 (warn) about environmental destruction. Carson proves that a simple literal form that has been passed down through the ages can still 70 (employ) today to draw attention to important truths. 【答案】 61．to teach 62．sixth 63．as 64．where 65．borrowing 66．intended 67．Different 68．for 69．warning 70．be employed 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了寓言的形式在今天仍然具有价值。 61．考查非谓语动词。句意：几千年来，人们通过讲寓言来传授知识或传授智慧。根据句意可知，此处表达“来传授知识和智慧”，所以用不定式作目的状语。故填to teach。 62．考查数词。句意：寓言是许多古代文化口述传统的一部分，而著名的伊索寓言可以追溯到公元前6世纪。century“世纪”前面要用序数词形式。故填sixth。 63．考查定语从句。句意：然而，正如雷切尔·卡森在《明日寓言》中所说，寓言的形式在今天仍然具有价值。引导非限定性定语从句，且有“正如”之意，用关系代词as引导。故填as。 64．考查定语从句。句意：“从前，在美国的中心地带有一个小镇，那里所有的生命似乎都和周围的环境一起享受着和平的生活，”她的寓言是这样开头的，借用了许多古老寓言中的一些熟悉的词。句中先行词为town，在非限定性定语从句作地点状语，所以用关系副词where引导。故填where。 65．考查非谓语动词。句意：“从前，在美国的中心地带有一个小镇，那里所有的生命似乎都和周围的环境一起享受着和平的生活，”她的寓言是这样开头的，借用了许多古老寓言中的一些熟悉的词。句中已有谓语动词，所以用非谓语动词形式。逻辑主语her fable与borrow之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作状语。故填borrowing。 66．考查非谓语动词。句意：然而，在简洁的风格背后，是每个人都想要传达的重要信息。be intended for打算为……所用，在句中作定语，所以用过去分词形式。故填intended。 67．考查形容词。句意：与传统寓言不同，卡森的故事以一种指责而不是道德结束。be different from与……不同，所以用形容词作状语。故填Different。 68．考查介词。句意：她警告社会面临的环境危险，并教导人们必须承担起保护环境的责任。take responsibility for对……负责。故填for。 69．考查名词。句意：然而，卡森的主题是对环境破坏的更严重警告。形容词weighty后接名词形式。根据句中不定冠词a可知，用可数名词的单数形式。故填warning。 70．考查语态。句意：卡森证明了一种简单的文字形式已经流传了几个世纪，今天仍然可以用来引起人们对重要真理的注意。从句主语a simple literal form与employ之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。情态动词can后接动词原形。故填be employed。 【点睛】 （八） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Xiao long bao (soup dumplings), those amazing constructions of delicate dumpling wrappers, encasing hot, 71 (taste) soup and sweet, fresh meat, are far and away my favorite Chinese street food. The dumplings arrive steaming and dangerously hot. To eat one, you have to decide whether 72 (bite) a small hole in it first, releasing the stream and risking a spill (溢出), 73 to put the whole dumpling in your mouth, letting the hot soup explode on your tongue. Shanghai may be the 74 (recognize) home of the soup dumplings but food historians will actually point you to the neighboring canal town of Nanxiang as Xiao long Bao’s birthplace. There you will find them prepared differently — more dumpling and less soup, and the wrappers are pressed 75 hand rather than rolled. Nanxiang aside, the best Xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them 76 (lift) out of the steamer basket without tearing or spilling any of 77 (they) contents. The meat should be fresh with 78 touch of sweetness and the soup hot, clear and delicious. No matter where I buy them, one steamer is 79 (rare) enough, yet two seems greedy, so I am always left 80 (want) more next time. 【答案】 71．tasty 72．to bite 73．or 74．recognized 75．by 76．to be lifted 77．their 78．a 79．rarely 80．wanting 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国美食——小笼包，讲述了小笼包美味，发源地以及制作方法等等。 71．考查形容词。句意：小笼包(汤包)，那些精致的饺子皮，包裹着热腾腾的美味汤和甜甜的鲜肉，是我最喜欢的中国街头小吃。形容词需修饰后面的名词soup(汤)，故空格需用tasty“美味的”作定语，故填tasty。 72．考查非谓语动词。句意：吃小笼包的时候，你必须要决定是先咬一个小口流出汤汁，还是把整个小笼包放进嘴里，让热汤在舌头上爆炸。decide to do sth.“决定做某事”，用不定式作宾语，空处与后面to put并列作宾语，故填to bite。 73．考查连词。句意：吃小笼包的时候，你必须要决定是先咬一个小口流出汤汁，还是把整个小笼包放进嘴里，让热汤在舌头上爆炸。whether...or... “是……还是……”，固定搭配，根据句意，故填or。 74．考查非谓语动词。句意：上海可能是公认的小笼包之乡，但美食历史学家会告诉你，邻近的运河小镇南翔才是小笼包的发源地。空格在名词home前面作定语，recognize与home是逻辑上动宾关系，需填过去分词recognized作定语，recognized“被公认的”也可以看作是形容词作定语，故填recognized。 75．考查介词。句意：在那里，你会发现它们的制作方式不同——更多汤包，更少的汤，包子皮是用手压的，而不是擀出来的。by hand“用手”是固定搭配，根据句意，故填by。 76．考查非谓语动词。句意：除了南翔，最好的小笼包有一个精致的，可以让它们从蒸笼篮中拿出来，而不会撕裂或溢出里面的东西。根据搭配allow sb. to do sth.“允许某人做某事”可知，空格需用动词不定式作宾语补足语，补足语lift out与宾语them（指代小笼包）是逻辑上的动宾关系，空格需填动词不定式的被动式to be lifted，故填to be lifted。 77．考查代词。句意：除了南翔，最好的小笼包有一个精致的外皮，可以让它们从蒸笼篮中拿出来，而不会撕裂或溢出里面的东西。修饰后面的名词contents(东西)需用形容词性物主代词their，故填their。 78．考查冠词。句意：肉应该是新鲜的，有一点甜味，汤应该是热的，清澈的，美味的。a touch of “一点点；稍许”，常用搭配，touch“轻微；稍许”常用作单数，故填a。 79．考查副词。句意：无论我在哪里买，一蒸笼都不够，而两蒸笼又显得太贪心了，所以我总是想下次再买。修饰形容词用副词作状语，rarely“少有”，故填rarely。 80．考查非谓语动词。句意：无论我在哪里买，一蒸笼都不够，而两蒸笼又显得太贪心了，所以我总是想下次再买。分析句子可知，此处考查“leave sb.+宾语补足语”，本句是被动语态，want是主语补足语，根据句意，I与want之间是主动的逻辑关系，用现在分词wanting，故填wanting。 【点睛】 （九） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Beijing is a city bridging the ancient and the modern. From Buddhist temples to museums, narrow hutong 81 royal palaces, it is home to more than 3,000 years of glorious history even down to its layout, with the city keeping its carefully 82 (build) system of ring roads. But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place 83 welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life, with 21st-century architectural 84 (wonder) standing side by side with historical buildings of the past. It is a distinct visual contrast (反差) that shouldn’t work, 85 somehow these two very different worlds make a good combination. 86 (visit) several times over the last 10 years, I 87 (amaze) by the co-existence of old and new, and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing. As a photographer, I have spent the last two years 88   (record) everything I discovered. The 89 (remark) development of this city, which is consciously designed to protect the past while stepping into the modern world, 90 (mean) there is always something new to discover here, and I could be photographing Beijing for the next 50 years. 【答案】 81．to 82．built 83．which/that 84．wonders 85．but 86．Having visited 87．was amazed 88．recording 89．remarkable 90．means 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了北京这座城市的古老建筑和现代化发展之间的独特结合，同时探讨了城市如何在不断发展的同时保护其丰富的遗产。作者作为一名摄影师，记录了这座城市的变化，并表示将来还会继续拍摄北京的风貌。 81．考查介词。句意：从佛教寺庙到博物馆，从狭窄的胡同到皇家宫殿，它拥有3000多年的辉煌历史，甚至从它的布局来看，这座城市一直保持着精心建造的环城道路系统。根据上文的“From Buddhist temples to museums”可知，空处和上文保持一致，表示“从……到……”，用介词to。故填to。 82．考查非谓语动词。句意：从佛教寺庙到博物馆，狭窄的胡同和皇家宫殿，它是3000多年辉煌历史的家园，即使是在它的布局上，这座城市也保持着精心建造的环城公路系统。这里为非谓语动词担当定语，表示“精心建造的……”，和被修饰词“system of ring roads”之间为被动关系，用过去分词。故填built。 83．考查定语从句。句意：但是，除了古建筑，北京也是一个欢迎现代生活快节奏发展的地方，21世纪的建筑奇迹与过去的历史建筑并存。这里为定语从句的关系代词，先行词为“a place”，在定语从句中担当主语，所以用关系代词which或that引导。故填which/that。 84．考查名词。句意：但是，除了古建筑，北京也是一个欢迎现代生活快节奏发展的地方，21世纪的建筑奇迹与过去的历史建筑并存。分析句子成分可知，空处为名词形式；根据下文的“historical buildings of the past”可知，空处为名词的复数形式。故填wonders。 85．考查连词。句意：但不知何故，这两个截然不同的世界却很好地结合在了一起。空前“It is a distinct visual contrast (反差) that shouldn’t work,”和空后“somehow these two very different worlds make a good combination.”之间存在转折关系，用but。故填but。 86．考查非谓语动词。句意：在过去的10年里，我多次访问北京，我惊讶于这里的新旧共存，惊讶于一个城市如何在不断发展的同时保持如此丰富的文化遗产。这里为非谓语动词担当状语，和主句主语“I”之间为主动关系；根据时间状语“over the last 10 years”可知，用完成时态，由此推断，空处用现在分词的完成时态。置于句首，首字母大写。故填Having visited。 87．考查时态和语态。句意：在过去的10年里，我多次访问北京，我惊讶于这里的新旧共存，惊讶于一个城市如何在不断发展的同时保持如此丰富的文化遗产。这里为本句谓语动词，根据下文“how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing.”可知，本句用一般过去时；主语I和动词amaze之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填was amazed。 88．考查非谓语动词。句意：作为一名摄影师，我花了两年时间记录我发现的一切。spend time (in) doing sth.花费时间做某事。这里为非谓语动词担当宾语，用动名词形式。故填recording。 89．考查形容词。句意：这个城市的显著发展，是有意识地在保护过去的同时步入现代世界，这意味着这里总是有新的东西可以发现，我可以在接下来的50年里一直拍摄北京。分析句子成分可知，空处为形容词修饰名词“development of this city”。故填remarkable。 90．考查时态。句意：这座城市的显著发展，在有意识地保护过去的同时步入现代世界，意味着这里总是有新的东西等待发现，我可以在接下来的50年里一直拍摄北京。这里为本句谓语动词，根据上下文可知，本句时态为一般现在时；主语为“development”，单数，所以谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填means。 【点睛】 （十） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Whenever I tell people that I teach English at the Berlin Zoo, I almost always get a questioning look. Behind it, the person is trying to figure out who exactly I teach…the animals? Since June 2017, right before the 91 (arrive) of the two new pandas, Meng Meng and Jiao Qing, I have been helping the panda keepers at the zoo to feel more comfortable and 92 (confidence) speaking English. And who do they speak English 93 ? Not the pandas, even though 94 language used for the medical training instructions is actually English. They talk to the flood of international tourists and to 95 (visit) Chinese zookeepers who often come to check on the pandas, which are on loan from China. They also need to be ready to give 96 (interview) in English with international journalists. This is 97 they need an English trainer. So, what are they learning? 98 (basic), how to describe a panda’s life. It’s been an honor to watch the panda programme develop 99 to see the pandas settle into their new home. As a little girl, I 100 (wish) to be a zookeeper when I grew up. Now, I’m living out that dream indirectly by helping the panda keepers do their job in English. 【答案】 91．arrival 92．confident 93．with 94．the 95．visiting 96．interviews 97．why 98．Basically 99．and 100．wished 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在柏林动物园教英语，大家都很疑惑，作者对此做出了解答。 91．考查名词。句意：从2017年6月开始，就在两只新大熊猫“萌萌”和“娇青”到来之前，我一直在帮助动物园的熊猫饲养员更舒服、更自信地说英语。分析句子结构可知，空前是冠词，空后是介词，所以空处应填名词作介词before的宾语，arrive的名词形式是arrival，不可数名词。故填arrival。 92．考查形容词。句意：从2017年6月开始，就在两只新大熊猫“萌萌”和“娇青”到来之前，我一直在帮助动物园的熊猫饲养员更舒服、更自信地说英语。分析句子结构可知，空处和前文的comfortable并列，作并列表语，应用形容词形式，confidence的形容词形式是confident。故填confident。 93．考查介词。句意：他们和谁说英语？分析句子结构可知，这道题的语序可以看成they speak English 　　　　　　 who，句子中有主语they，speak后有宾语，而who缺少一个介词，who做介词的宾语，又根据句意可推知，此处强调“与某人交流”，应用固定搭配：speak with sb.。故填with。 94．考查冠词。句意：不是熊猫，尽管医学训练指导使用的语言实际上是英语。分析句子结构可知，此处特指用于医学训练指导使用的语言，表特指，应用定冠词修饰。故填the。 95．考查形容词。句意：他们与蜂拥而至的国际游客和来访的中国动物园管理员交谈，这些管理员经常来检查从中国租借来的大熊猫。分析句子结构可知，空后是名词，所以空处应填形容词作定语；visit对应的形容词为visiting“来访的”。故填visiting。 96．考查名词的数。句意：他们还需要准备好用英语接受国际记者的采访。分析句子结构可知，空前是动词，所以空处应填名词作宾语，interview意为“采访”为可数名词，不止一段采访，应用复数形式。故填interviews。 97．考查表语从句。句意：这就是他们需要英语培训师的原因。分析句子结构可知，空处引导表语从句，从句中结构完整，应该用连接副词连接，前文提到需要培训师的原因，此处是表达“这就是他们需要英语培训师的原因”之意，应用why引导表语从句。故填why。 98．考查副词。句意：基本上，如何描述熊猫的生活。分析句子结构可知，空处修饰空后整个句子，应该用副词修饰，basic的副词形式是basically位于句首，首字母应大写。故填Basically。 99．考查连词。句意：我很荣幸能看到熊猫项目的发展，看到熊猫们在新家安顿下来。分析句子结构可知，“to watch the panda programme develop”和“to see the pandas settle into their new home”两者是并列关系，应该用and连接。故填and。 100．考查动词时态。句意：作为一个小女孩，我希望长大后成为一名动物园管理员。分析句子结构可知，本句缺少谓语动词，所以wish作本句谓语，和主语I之间是主动关系，根据后文的grew可知用一般过去时。故填wished。 【点睛】 （十一） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 During China’s dynastic period, emperors planned the city of Beijing 101 arranged the residential areas according to social classes. The term “hutong”, 102 (original)meaning “water well” in Mongolian, appeared first during the Yuan Dynasty. In the Ming Dynasty, the center was the Forbidden City, 103 (surround)in concentric(同心的)circles by the Inner City and Outer City. Citizens of higher social classes 104 (permit)to live closer to the center of the circles. The large siheyuan of these high-ranking officials and wealthy businessmen often 105 (feature)beautifully carved and painted roof beams and pillars(柱子). The hutongs they formed were orderly, lined by 106 (space)homes and walled gardens. Farther from the center lived the commoners and laborers. Their siheyuan were far smaller in scale and 107 (simple)in design and decoration, and the hutongs were narrower. Hutongs represent an important cultural element of the city of Beijing. Thanks to Beijing’s long history 108 capital of China, almost every hutong has its stories, and some are even associated with historic 109 (event). In contrast to the court life and upper-class culture represented by the Forbidden City, the Summer Palace, and the Temple of Heaven, the hutongs reflect 110 culture of grassroots Beijingers. 【答案】 101．and 102．originally 103．surrounded 104．were permitted 105．featured 106．spacious 107．simpler 108．as 109．events 110．the 【原文】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了北京的胡同的由来、规模及历史意义。 101．考查连词。句意：在中国的朝代时期，皇帝规划北京城并根据社会阶层安排居住区。分析句子结构可知，planned和arranged是并列的谓语动词，表示并列关系应用连词and连接。故填and。 102．考查副词。句意：胡同起初在蒙古语当中是“水井”的意思，首次出现在元朝。空格处修饰动词meaning需要填副词形式。故填originally。 103．考查非谓语动词。句意：在明朝，紫禁城是中心，它被由内层和外层构成的同心圆包围。分析句子结构，was是谓语动词，空格处需要填非谓语动词作后置定语，主语the Forbidden City和surround之间是动宾关系，需填过去分词形式。故填surrounded。 104．考查动词的被动语态。句意：高等阶层的公民被允许住在离中心地带更近的地方。分析句子结构可知，空格处在句中作谓语，和主语Citizens of higher social classes构成被动关系，因为是对过去事实的陈述应用一般过去时。故填were permitted。 105．考查动词时态。句意：这些高级官员和有钱商人的高大的四合院，通常以雕刻精美和被粉刷的房顶横梁和柱子为特点。分析句子结构可知，空格处需要填谓语动词，再结合上下文时态可知，空格处应用一般过去时。故填featured。 106．考查形容词。句意：他们建立的胡同井然有序。宽大的房屋和有墙的花园成行排列。空格处需要填形容词作定语修饰空格后的名词homes。故填spacious。 107．考查形容词比较级。句意：他们的四合院规模要小很多，并且在设计和装饰上更加简单，并且胡同也更窄。根据句子结构和and可知，空格处需要填形容词比较级和前面的smaller构成并列结构作表语。故填simpler。 108．考查介词。句意：感谢北京作为中国首都的悠久的历史，同时每一条胡同都有自己的故事，甚至有一些还跟历史事件有关。根据句意可知，空格处译为“作为”，as是介词意为“作为”，符合句意。故填as。 109．考查名词的数。句意：感谢北京作为中国首都的悠久的历史，同时每一条胡同都有自己的故事，甚至有一些还跟历史事件有关。根据空格前的形容词historic可知，空格处需要填名词，且event为可数名词，应用复数形式。故填events。 110．考查冠词。句意：与紫禁城颐和园和天坛所代表的宫廷生活和上流社会文化相比，胡同所反映出的是草根北京人的文化。根据名词culture后面的介词短语of grassroots Beijingers可知，此处culture表示特指概念，应用定冠词the修饰。故填the。 【点睛】 （十二） 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。 To understand a painting, we’re taught to look for color, composition, and light. But how can a painting 111 (appreciate)by someone who’s blind? Through touch, the one thing gallery signs tell you not 112 (do). John Olson, a former 113 (photograph)and his team turn paintings into fully textured 3D models. The tactile(可触知的)paintings work as a way to show art to 114 blind because we don’t see with just Our eyes: We see with our brains. Research in the field of neuroplasticity-the brain’s adaptability-shows that the visual cortex(大脑皮层)is made active by touch. Blind people recognize shapes with their 115 (exist) senses, in a way similar to that of 116 (sight )people, says Ella Striem-Amit, a Harvard scientist. Luc Gandarias, who’s now thirteen, went blind suddenly 117 age seven. When he felt a 3D version of Leonardo da Vinci’s “Mona Lisa” he 118 (notice)her smile right away. ”I can actually feel what you see when you look at it,” he said. For Luc, this means 119 (independent). "The feeling of being able to see it 120 to form my opinion is like breaking down another wall as a blind person.” 【答案】 111．be appreciated 112．to do 113．photographer 114．the 115．existing 116．sighted 117．at 118．noticed 119．independence 120．and 【导语】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了触觉画是向盲人展示艺术的一种方式。 111．考查含有情态动词的被动语态。句意：但是一个盲人怎么能欣赏一幅画呢？主语a painting与谓语appreciate为被动关系，且置于情态动词can 之后，所以本句为含有情态动词的被动语态。 故填be appreciated。 112． 考查不定式。句意：通过触摸，这是画廊招牌告诉你不要做的一件事。tell sb not to do sth“告诉某人不要做某事”为固定短语。故填to do。 113．考查名词。句意：约翰·奥尔森是一位前摄影师，他和他的团队将绘画转化为全纹理3D模型。单数名词做主语，根据句意表示“摄影师”，此处为单数概念，故填photographer。 114．考查冠词。句意：触觉画是向盲人展示艺术的一种方式，因为我们不仅仅用眼睛看；我们用大脑看。the blind“盲人”，the+形容词表示一类人。故填the。 115．考查形容词。句意：哈佛大学的科学家埃拉·斯特里姆-阿米特(Ella Striem-Amit)说，盲人用他们现有的感官识别形状，在某种程度上与正常人相似。形容词existing作定语，修饰sense。故填existing。 116．考查形容词。句意：哈佛大学的科学家埃拉·斯特里姆-阿米特(Ella Striem-Amit)说，盲人用他们现有的感官识别形状，在某种程度上与正常人相似。形容词sighted作定语修饰名词people，表示“能看见的、不盲的”。故填sighted。 117．考查介词。句意：Luc Gandarias今年13岁，7岁时突然失明。表示在多大年龄时，用介词at。故填at。 118．考查时态。句意：当他触摸到莱昂纳多·达·芬奇的3D版《蒙娜丽莎》时，他立刻注意到了她的微笑。根据“he felt”可知，本句为一般过去时。故填noticed。 119．考查名词。句意：对卢克来说，这意味着独立。不可数名词independence作mean的宾语。 故填independence。 120．考查连词。句意：能够看到它并形成我的观点的感觉就像盲人推倒了另一堵墙。根据句意可知，前后为并列关系，所以用and来连接。故填and。 （十三） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Henry Tyler made the catch of the year on the weekend. When he saw a young child hanging from a sixth-floor apartment balcony (阳台), Henry ran one hundred metres, jumped over a 1.2-metre fence, and held out his arms to catch the 121 (fall) child. Eric Brown, only three years old, knocked Henry down when he fell. The boy is in the hospital and doctors say he'll be OK. 122 Brown family live in an apartment building outside Toronto. On the day of the accident, Mrs. Brown was at work and Eric was at home with his father. They both fell 123 (sleep) while watching TV. Eric woke up a little later when he heard children playing outside. He pushed a chair onto the balcony, and climbed up 124 (see) them. When he looked down, he 125 (accidental) slipped and fell over the edge. He hung on for a few minutes 126 screamed for his father, but his father didn't hear him. Henry 127 (fix) his car when he heard the screams. He looked up and saw Eric hanging from the balcony. He quickly 128 (throw) his tools aside, and started running, arms out. "He saved my 129 (son) life," said Mrs. Brown. "I don't know 130 to thank him.” "I just didn't want the boy to be hurt," said Henry. 【答案】 121．falling 122．The 123．asleep 124．to see 125．accidentally 126．and 127．was fixing 128．threw 129．son's 130．how 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述的是正在修车的Henry拯救了挂在六楼公寓的阳台上，即将要掉下来的小孩Eric的故事。 121．考查非谓语动词。句意：当亨利看到一个小男孩挂在六楼公寓的阳台上时，他跑了100米，跳过了1.2米高的栅栏，伸出双臂去接要掉下来的孩子。句中的hold out为谓语动词，设空处应该使用非谓语动词。根据句意，fall为动词，意为“掉落”， child和fall之间是主动关系，同时表示正在进行的含义。故应该使用现在分词作定语。故填falling。 122．考查冠词。句意：布朗一家住在多伦多郊外的一栋公寓楼里。根据句子结构，设空处要填写冠词与Brown family 构成名词短语作主语。the+姓氏，意为“某某一家人”，the符合句意。同时该单词置于句首，首字母应该大写。故填The。 123．考查形容词。句意：他们俩看电视的时候都睡着了。根据句子结构可知，设空处应该填写形容词作表语。sleep为动词，意为“睡觉”，其形容词为asleep。fall asleep为固定搭配，意为“熟睡的”，asleep符合句意。故填asleep。 124．考查非谓语动词。句意：过了一会儿，艾瑞克听到孩子们在外面玩耍的声音，醒了过来。他把一把椅子推到阳台上，爬上去看他们。句中的climb up为谓语动词，设空处应该使用谓语动词。根据句意，他要爬到阳台去看他们（外面玩闹的孩子们。），故应该使用to do不定式作目的状语。故填to see。 125．考查副词。句意：当他往下看时，不小心滑了一跤，从悬崖边上掉了下去。根据句子结构，设空处应该填写副词修饰动词slipped。accidental为形容词，意为“意外的，失误的”，其副词为accidentally，意为“意外地，失误地”，符合句意。故填accidentally。 126．考查连词。句意：他坚持了几分钟，尖叫喊着他的父亲，但他的父亲没有听到他。根据句子结构，设空处应该填写连词，连接hung和screamed两个动作。根据句意，此处表示并列关系。故填and。 127．考查动词。句意：听到尖叫声时，亨利正在修车。根据句子结构，设空处应该填写谓语动词。根据空后的when he heard the screams，可知，设空处的动作是正在发生的，同时该句描述的是过去的事实。故使用过去进行时。fix为动词，意为“修理”，其过去进行时为was fixing。故填was fixing。 128．考查过去式。句意：他迅速把工具扔到一边，伸出胳膊跑了起来。根据句子结构，设空处与空后的and started构成并列结构。故应该使用一般过去时。throw为动词，意为“扔”，过去时为threw。故填threw。 129．考查名词所有格。句意：他拯救了我儿子的生命。根据句意，life与提示词son之间是所属关系，故应该使用名词所有格。故填son’s。 130．考查特殊疑问词。句意：我不知道如何去感谢他。根据句子结构，设空处填写的是特殊疑问词+to do不定式结构作宾语。根据句意，how意为“如何”，符合句意。故填how。 （十四） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The Chinese government recently finalized a plan to set up a Giant Panda National Park(GPNP). 131 (cover)an area about three times 132 size of Yellowstone National Park, the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country. The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that 133 (be)previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority 134 (increase)effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management. After a three-year pilot period, the GPNP will be officially set up next year. The GPNP 135 (design)to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity(完整性)of natural ecosystems, preserving biological diversity, protecting ecological buffer zones, 136 leaving behind precious natural assets(资产)for future generations”. The GPNP’s main goal is to improve connectivity between separate 137 (population)and homes of giant pandas, and 138 (eventual)achieve a desired level of population in the wild. Giant pandas also serve 139 an umbrella species(物种), bringing protection to a host of plants and animals in the southwestern and northwestern parts of China. The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species 140 live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area. 【答案】 131．Covering 132．the 133．were 134．to increase 135．is designed 136．and 137．populations 138．eventually 139．as 140．that 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国政府决定建立的大熊猫国家公园(GPNP)的计划。 131．考查非谓语动词。句意：该公园占地面积约为黄石国家公园的三倍，将成为中国首批国家公园之一。分析句子可知，空处应填动词非谓语形式作状语，空处和逻辑主语the GPNP为主动关系，应用现在分词形式作状语，首字母大写。故填Covering。 132．考查冠词。句意：该公园占地面积约为黄石国家公园的三倍，将成为中国首批国家公园之一。分析句子可知，此处考查倍数表达法，即为：倍数+ the size of +比较成份，因此此处应填定冠词the。故填the。 133．考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：该计划将把保护范围扩大到大量以前未受保护的地区，将许多现有的大熊猫保护区纳入一个管理机构，以提高效率，减少管理上的不一致性。分析句子可知，空处在that引导的定语从句中作谓语，先行词为a significant number of areas，先行词在从句中作主语，根据“previously (之前地)”可知从句的时态应为一般过去时，根据主谓一致，从句主语复数，从句谓语要用复数形式。故填were。 134．考查非谓语动词。句意：该计划将把保护范围扩大到大量以前未受保护的地区，将许多现有的大熊猫保护区纳入一个管理机构，以提高效率，减少管理上的不一致性。分析句子可知，空处应填动词非谓语形式作目的状语，故空处应用动词不定式作目的状语。故填to increase。 135．考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：GPNP旨在体现“保护自然生态系统的真实性和完整性，保护生物多样性，保护生态缓冲区，为子孙后代留下宝贵的自然资产”的指导原则。分析句子可知，空处在句中作谓语，和句子的主语The GPNP之间为被动关系；叙述客观事实，应用一般现在时。故设空处应为一般现在时的被动语态，主语单数，谓语应用单数形式。故填is designed。 136．考查连词。句意：GPNP旨在体现“保护自然生态系统的真实性和完整性，保护生物多样性，保护生态缓冲区，为子孙后代留下宝贵的自然资产”的指导原则。分析句子可知，空处前后为并列关系，应用并列连词and。故填and。 137．考查名词。句意：GPNP的主要目标是改善不同种群和大熊猫家园之间的联系，最终达到理想的野生大熊猫数量水平。分析句子可知，空处和and后的复数名词homes并列，且在句中作宾语，应用可数名词population ，意为“种群”，且应用复数形式。故填populations。 138．考查副词。句意：GPNP的主要目标是改善不同种群和大熊猫家园之间的联系，最终达到理想的野生大熊猫数量水平。分析句子可知，空处后为动词achieve，空处应用副词作状语修饰动词achieve，结合语意可知，此处意为“最终”，应用副词eventually。故填eventually。 139．考查介词。句意：大熊猫还扮演着保护伞的角色，为中国西南和西北地区的许多动植物带来保护。分析句子可知，此处考查固定短语serve as，意为“充当”，故空处应填介词as。故填as。 140．考查定语从句。句意：该计划旨在为生活在Giant Panda Range的所有物种提供更有力的保护，并显著改善该地区的生态系统健康。分析句子可知，空处考查引导限制性定语从句的关系词，指代先行词species，指物，在从句中作主语，且先行词前有all修饰，故只能用关系代词that。故填that。 【点睛】 （十五） 阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式. A visually-challenged man from Beijing recently hiked (徒步) 40 days to Xi’an, as a first step 141 (journey) the Belt and Road route (路线) by foot. On the 1,100 kilometer journey, the man Cao Shengkang, 142 lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident, crossed 40 cities and counties in three provinces. Inspired by the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation 143 (hold) in Beijing, Cao decided to cover the route by hiking as a tribute (致敬) to the ancient Silk Road. 144 friend of his, Wu Fan, volunteered to be his companion during the trip. Cao and Wu also collected garbage along the road, in order to promote environmental 145 (protect). Cao believes this will make the hiking trip even more 146 (meaning). The two of them collected more than 1,000 plastic bottles along the 40-day journey. In the last five years. Cao 147 (walk) through 34 countries in six continents, and in 2016, he reached the top of Kilimanjaro, Africa’s 148 (high) mountain. Now, Cao has started the second part of his dream to walk along the Belt and Road route. He flew 4, 700 kilometers 149 Xi’an to Kashgar on Sept. 20, 150 (plan) to hike back to Xi’an in five months. 【答案】 141．to journey 142．who 143．held 144．A 145．protection 146．meaningful 147．has walked 148．highest 149．from 150．planning 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述的是一个有视力障碍的北京男子曹盛康徒步旅行一带一路的事情。 141．考查非谓语动词。句意：近日，一名来自北京的盲人徒步40天来到西安，作为“一带一路”徒步旅行的第一步。step前面有序数词first，应用不定式，作后置定语。故填to journey。 142．考查定语从句。句意：在1100公里的旅程中，8岁时因一次车祸失明的男子曹盛康穿过了三个省的40个城市和县。此处是非限制性定语从句，先行词为the man，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who引导。故填who。 143．考查非谓语动词。句意：受到在北京举行的“一带一路”国际合作高峰论坛的启发，曹决定徒步穿越这条路线，以向古代丝绸之路致敬。动词hold意为“举行”，和谓语之间没有连词，和逻辑主语“the Belt and Road Forum”之间构成被动关系，且动作已完成，应用过去分词，作后置定语。故填held。 144．考查冠词。句意：他的一位朋友吴凡在旅行中自愿成为他的同伴。此处名词friend第一次出现，所以应用不定冠词表示泛指，且friend是以辅音音素开头的词，应用不定冠词a。故填A。 145．考查名词。句意：曹和吴还沿路收集垃圾，以促进环境保护。根据句意和空前的形容词environmental可知，此处应用名词protection，作宾语，protection表示“保护”时，是不可数名词。故填protection。 146．考查形容词。句意：曹认为这将使这次徒步旅行更加有意义。此处是make复合结构，应用形容词meaningful表示“有意义的”，作宾语补足语。故填meaningful。 147．考查动词时态。句意：在过去的五年中，曹穿越了六大洲的34个国家，2016年，他到达了乞力马扎罗山顶，这是非洲最高的山峰。根据时间状语in the last five years可知，此处应用现在完成时，主语Cao为第三人称单数，助动词用has。故填has walked。 148．考查形容词最高级。句意：在过去的五年中，曹穿越了六大洲的34个国家，2016年，他到达了乞力马扎罗山顶，这是非洲最高的山峰。根据空前Africa’s可知，此处是指三者或三者以上的比较，应用形容词最高级。故填highest。 149．考查介词。句意：9月20日，他从4700公里外的西安飞到了喀什，计划在五个月内徒步回到西安。根据句意和Xi’an to Kashgar可知，此处表示“从西安飞往喀什”，应用介词from，固定搭配from…to…表示“从……到……”。故填from。 150．考查非谓语动词。句意：9月20日，他从4700公里外的西安飞到了喀什，计划在五个月内徒步回到西安。动词plan意为“计划”，和谓语之间没有连词，和主语构成主动关系，应用现在分词，作状语。故填planning。 【点睛】 （十六） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 May 21st this year marks the first International Tea Day, which was named officially 151 the United Nations on November 27th, 2019. To celebrate 152 festival, a number of events took place at the Chinese Businessman Museum in Beijing on Thursday. The chairman of the China Culture Promotion Society 153 (address) the opening ceremony. “As a main promoter of the International Tea Day, the birthplace of tea and the 154 (large) tea-producing country, China has a 155 (responsible)to work with other countries to promote the healthy development of the tea industry. It can help to build a community with a 156 (share) future for mankind,” he said. The “First International Tea Day Tea Road Cooperative Initiative” issued (发布) at the ceremony calls for people working in the tea industry to come together to promote international cooperation 157 cultural exchanges. A four-year tea promotion —Tea Road Cooperative Plan — was also issued in accordance with the initiative. 158 (strengthen)the connection with young people, the event included a number of public promotional activities on social media, 159 (invite) twenty-nine tea professionals from around the world to have thirty-six hours of uninterrupted live broadcasts. The Chinese Ancient Tea Museum was officially unveiled (揭幕) at the ceremony, opening 160 (it)first exhibition: The Avenue of Truth — A Special Exhibition of Pu’er Tea. 【答案】 151．by 152．the 153．addressed 154．largest 155．responsibility 156．shared 157．and 158．To strengthen 159．inviting 160．its 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了为了庆祝第一个国际茶日，中国商会博物馆所举办的一系列活动。 151．考查介词。句意：2019年11月27日，联合国正式将5月21日定为第一个国际茶日。根据句意可知，此处表达“被联合国在5月21日命名”。表示被动，使用固定结构“be+过去分词+by”。故填by。 152．考查冠词。句意：为了庆祝这一节日，周四在北京的中国商人博物馆举行了一系列活动。分析句意可知，特指International Tea Day这一节日，所以用定冠词the表特指。故填the。 153．考查动词的时态。句意：中国文化促进会会长在开幕式上致辞。分析句意可知，本句是陈述过去事情，所以用一般过去时。故填addressed。 154．考查形容词最高级。句意：中国是茶的发源地和最大产茶国，作为国际茶日的主要推动者，中国有责任与其他国家共同促进茶产业的健康发展。根据定冠词the和常识可知，中国是最大产茶国，所以用形容词的最高级形式。故填largest。 155．考查名词。句意：中国是茶的发源地和最大产茶国，作为国际茶日的主要推动者，中国有责任与其他国家共同促进茶产业的健康发展。不定冠词a后接可数名词的单数形式。故填responsibility。 156．考查非谓语动词。句意：这有助于构建人类命运共同体。此处为非谓语动词做定语来修饰名词future。因为动词share和名词future之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词作定语。故填shared。 157．考查连词。句意：仪式上发布的“首个国际茶日万里茶道合作倡议”呼吁茶业人士团结起来，促进国际合作和文化交流。分析句式结构可知,名词international cooperation和cultural exchanges为并列成分，作动词promote的宾语。故填and。 158．考查非谓语动词。句意：为了加强与年轻人的联系，活动包括在社交媒体上的一系列公共宣传活动，邀请了来自世界各地的29名茶叶专业人士进行36小时不间断的直播。根据句意可知，此处表达“为了加强与年轻人的联系”，需要用不定式作目的状语。故填To strengthen。 159．考查非谓语动词。句意：同上。分析句式结构可知，此处为非谓语动词作状语，逻辑主语the event与invite之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作状语,表主动关系。故填inviting。 160．考查代词。句意：在开幕式上，中国古茶博物馆正式揭牌，开启了它的第一个展览：大道遗真——普洱茶专题展。分析句式结构可知,名词exhibition前应该用形容词性物主代词来修饰。故填its。 【点睛】 （十七） 阅读下面材料, 在空白处填入适当的内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。 Kim Cobb, a professor at the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta, is one of a small but growing minority of academics 161 are cutting back on their air travel because of climate change. Travelling to conferences, lectures, workshops, and the like — frequently by plane — 162 (view) as important for scientists to get together and exchange information. But Cobb and others 163 (be) now questioning that idea pushing conferences to provide more chances to participate remotely, and 164 (change) their personal behavior to do their part in dealing with the climate change crisis. On a website called No Fly Climate Sci, for example, 165 (rough) 200 academics — many of them climate scientists — 166 (promise) to fly as little as possible since the effort started two years ago. Cobb, for her part, started to ask conference organizers who invited her to speak 167 she could do so remotely; about three-quarters of 168 time, they agreed. When the answer, was no, she, declined the 169 (invite). That approach brought Cobb's air travel last year down by 75%, and she plans 170 (continue) the practice. "It has been fairly rewarding.", she says, "a really positive change." 【答案】 161．who/that 162．is viewed/has been viewed 163．are 164．changing 165．roughly 166．have promised 167．whether/if 168．the 169．invitation 170．to continue 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一个由学者团体发行的实践，目的是为了减少学术飞行以应对气候变化危机。 161．考查定语从句。句意：亚特兰大佐治亚科技研究院的教授Kim Cobb是一个少数但是不断增加的少数学者中的一员，因为气候变化，他们正在削减他们的飞机旅行。名词academics后为定语从句且在从句中作主语，应使用关系代词替代，故填that/who。 162．考查被动语态。句意：对科学家而言，旅行去参加会议、讲座、工作室之类的地方来相聚并交流信息这件事被视为是重要的。描述人们普遍认知的事情用一般现在时，此处也可以表示强调人们从过去到现在的认知，动名词作主语与主谓之间存在被动关系，故填is viewed或has been viewed。 163．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：但是现在Cobb和其他人正在质疑那个想法，推动会议提供更多远程参加的机会以及为了尽自己的能力来应对气候变化危机，他们正在改变他们的个人行为。根据句意可知，此处也应使用现在进行时，主语为复数，故填are。 164．考查时态。句意：但是现在Cobb和其他人正在质疑那个想法，推动会议提供更多远程参加的机会以及为了尽自己的能力来应对气候变化危机，他们正在改变他们的个人行为。分析句子结构可知，此处and连接并列的动词questioning和change，故填changing。 165．考查副词。句意：例如，在一个叫“无飞行科学家”的网站上，自从两年前成立以来，大约有200个学者，他们中很多人承诺尽可能少飞行。此处修饰数字用副词roughly“粗略地大约”，故填roughly。 166．考查时态。句意：例如，在一个叫“无飞行科学家”的网站上，自从两年前成立以来，大约有200个学者，他们中很多人承诺尽可能少飞行。根据时间状语“since+过去时间”可知主句应使用现在完成时，故填have promised。 167．考查宾语从句。句意：对于她的出席，Cobb开始询问邀请她的组织者是否可以远程进行。显然ask后面出现了一个宾语从句，宾语从句句意不完整，whether/if“是否”符合语境，故填whether或if。 168．考查冠词。句意：大约有四分之三的时间，他们同意了。此处特指Cobb询问的时间范围内，故填the。 169．考查名词。句意：当答案是否定的时候，她拒绝了那个邀请。此处需填入名词作动词decline的宾语，故填invitation。 170．考查动词不定式。句意：他打算继续这个实践。动词plan后面跟动词不定式，plan to do sth“计划做”，故填to continue。 【点睛】 （十八） 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。 It doesn’t impress like George Washington’s plantation on the Potomac, but Lincoln’s home in downtown Springfield, Illinois, 171 （prove）irresistible to visitors since it opened to the public. Beautifully restored（修复）to its 1860 appearance, the house was Abraham and Mary Lincoln’s home for 17 years. In 1844 they bought it 172 $1,200 and some land from Charles Dresser, who performed their 173 （marry）ceremony in 1842. When the house was built, it was much 174 （small）than it is today. Mary’s niece wrote, “The little home 175 （paint）white.” It was sweet and fresh. Mary loved it. She was extremely pretty, and her house was a reflection of 176 （she）, everything in good taste and in perfect order. Although Mary loved flowers, 177 she nor her husband was known as a gardener. A long- time neighbor said they never planted trees and only kept a garden for one year. Mary’s sister, Frances Todd Wallace, often came over 178 （plant）flowers in the front yard. 179 Lincolns enlarged the house to a full two-story in 1856 to meet the needs of their growing family. Three of the four Lincoln sons were born here. After Lincoln was elected President of the US in 1861, they rented the house and 180 （sell）most of their furniture. 【答案】 171．has proved/has proven 172．for 173．marriage 174．smaller 175．was painted 176．herself 177．neither 178．to plant 179．The 180．sold 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了美国总统林肯在伊利诺伊州斯普林菲尔德市中心的老房子的变迁史。 171．考查动词时态。句意：它不像乔治·华盛顿在波托马克河畔的种植园那样给人留下深刻印象，但林肯在伊利诺伊州斯普林菲尔德市中心的家，自从向公众开放以来，就被证明对游客来说是不可抗拒的。根据时间状语“since it opened to the public”可知，此处指过去发生的事情对现在造成的影响，故设空处用现在完成时；主语Lincoln’s home in downtown Springfield Illinois是第三人称单数，所以助动词用has，提示词prove 的过去分词形式是proved或proven。故填 has proved/ has proven。 172．考查介词。句意：1844年，他们以1200美元的价格从查尔斯·德莱瑟手中买下了这座房子和一些土地，查尔斯·德莱瑟在1842年举行了他们的婚礼。结合句意可知，此处考查固定短语buy sth. for +价格，意为“以……价格买某物”。故填for。 173．考查名词。句意：1844年，他们以1200美元的价格从查尔斯·德莱瑟手中买下了这座房子和一些土地，查尔斯·德莱瑟在1842年举行了他们的婚礼。marriage ceremony意为“婚礼”，此处用名词作定语，故填marriage。 174．考查形容词比较级。句意：这栋房子建成时比现在小得多。结合设空前的much和设空后的than可知，此处用形容词比较级形式，故填smaller。 175．考查被动语态。句意：这个小房子被粉刷成了白色。分析句子结构可知，设空处作谓语动词，The little home作主语。结合句意及常识可知，房子是“被粉刷”的，主语和谓语动词之间是被动关系，所以要用被动语态；根据上文的was built可知，此处为一般过去时态；一般过去时的被动语态结构是was/were+过去分词；主语The little home是单数第三人称，所以要用was，提示词paint的过去分词形式是painted。故填was painted。 176．考查代词。句意：她非常漂亮，她的房子是她自己的写照，一切都很有品位，井井有条。根据句意可知，此处意为“她自己”，可知此处考查反身代词，作宾语；提示词she的反身代词是herself。故填herself。 177．考查连词。句意：虽然玛丽喜欢花，但她和她的丈夫都不是有名的园丁。根据句意可知，此处考查连词结构“neither…nor…”，意为“既不……也不……”。故填neither。 178．考查动词不定式。句意：玛丽的妹妹弗朗西丝·托德·华莱士经常来前院种花。分析句子结构可知，设空处作状语；根据句意可知，此处是目的状语；目的状语用动词不定式表示，故填to plant。 179．考查冠词。句意：林肯夫妇在1856年把房子扩大到了整整两层，以满足他们日益增长的家庭的需要。根据句意可知，此处意为“林肯一家”；根据设空后的Lincolns可知，此处考查“the+姓氏复数”，表示夫妇俩，或者一家人。设空处位于句首，所以首字母要大写。故填The。 180．考查动词时态。句意：1861年林肯当选美国总统后，他们把房子租了出去，卖掉了大部分家具。分析句子成分可知，设空处和前面的动词rented一起做并列谓语；根据时间状语1861可知，此处用一般过去时态，提示词sell的过去式是sold。故填sold。 （十九） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The Xi’an City Wall is the most complete city wall that has survived China’s long history. It 181 (build) originally to protect the city 182 the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored (修复). It is possible   183 (walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometers. We accessed the wall through the South Gate. The wall is 12 meters high and from here you can see streams of people moving inside and outside the City Wall. After 184 (spend) some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall, we decided it was time for some action and what 185 (good) than to ride on a piece of history! We 186 (hire) our bikes from the rental place at the South Gate. My bike was old and shaky 187 did the job. It took us about 3 hours to go all 188 way around the Xi’an City Wall. Supposedly you can do it in two hours, but we stopped at the different gates and 189 (watchtower) to take pictures or just to watch the local people going about their 190 (day) routines. 【答案】 181．was built 182．in/during 183．to walk 184．spending 185．better 186．hired 187．but 188．the 189．watchtowers 190．daily 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者游览西安长城的过程。 181．考查动词语态。句意：它最初是为了保护唐代的城市而建造的，现在已经完全修复了。build和主语it之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，根据时间状语the Tang dynasty可知，应用一般过去时。故填was built。 182．考查介词。句意：它最初是为了保护唐代的城市而建造的，现在已经完全修复了。表示“在某个朝代”，应用介词in或during。故填in或during。 183．考查非谓语动词。句意：骑行或者走完全程的14公里是可能的。固定句型It +be+adj+to do sth.，it为形式主语，不定式短语作真正主语。故填to walk。 184．考查非谓语动词。句意：在花了一些时间查看了城墙上所有的防御设备之后，我们决定是时候采取一些行动了，还有什么比骑在历史上更好的呢。此处After为介词，应用动名词，作介词宾语。故填spending。 185．考查形容词比较级。句意：在花了一些时间查看了城墙上所有的防御设备之后，我们决定是时候采取一些行动了，还有什么比骑在历史上更好的呢。根据后文than可知，此处应用形容词good的比较级better。故填better。 186．考查动词时态。句意：我们从南门的租赁处租了自行车。根据语境可知，此处描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。故填hired。 187．考查连词。句意：我的自行车又旧又摇摇晃晃，但还可以骑。后文did the job和前文My bike was old and shaky之间存在转折关系，应用转折连词but。故填but。 188．考查冠词。句意：我们绕着西安城墙一路走了大约3个小时。固定短语all the way“一直，完全地”。故填the。 189．考查名词复数。句意：据说你可以在两个小时内完成，但我们在不同的大门和了望台停下来拍照，或者只是看当地人进行他们的日常生活。watchtower是可数名词，由different修饰，应用复数形式。故填watchtowers。 190．考查形容词。句意：据说你可以在两个小时内完成，但我们在不同的大门和了望台停下来拍照，或者只是看当地人进行他们的日常生活。修饰后文名词routines，应用形容词daily，作定语。故填daily。 （二十） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Going to Mount Huangshan reminds me of the popular Beatles’ song “The Long and Winding Road”. 191 is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes. The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we 192 (human) are. The hot spring at the foot of the mountain is something you must try after the climb. It will 193 (undoubted) help you get refreshed! The amazing thing about the spring is that the colder the temperature gets, the 194 (hot) the spring! Strange, isn’t it? But that’s how nature is — always leaving us 195 (astonish). What comes next is the endless series of steps. You can’t help wondering how hard it 196 (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place. Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain, still it highlights the whole adventure 197 offers a place where you can sit down to rest your 198 (ache) legs. As the song goes, this long and winding road “will never disappear”, and it will always stick in the visitor’s memory. It sure does in 199 (I). While you’re in China, Mount Huangshan is 200 must to visit! 【答案】 191．What 192．humans 193．undoubtedly 194．hotter 195．astonished 196．was 197．and 198．aching 199．mine 200．a 【分析】本文属于说明文。文章介绍黄山的三种代表性的事物——云海，温泉以及台阶。 191．考查主语从句。句意：这次经历的惊人之处在于这世界之外的景色。此处是主语从句，从句缺乏主语，应用what引导，指代“经历的事情”。故填What。 192．考查名词复数。句意：当你站在黄山山顶看见波涛汹涌般的云海，你会想到我们人类是多么的渺小。human是we的同位语，we为复数，应用human的复数形式。故填humans。 193．考查副词。句意：它无疑会帮助你恢复精神！此处修饰动词help，应用副词undoubtedly“毫无疑问地”。故填undoubtedly。 194．考查形容词比较级。句意：关于黄山温泉让人惊讶的是，气温越低，温泉越暖和！此处是固定结构“the +比较级，the+比较级”，意为“越……，越……”。故填hotter。 195．考查形容词。句意：但大自然就是这样——总是让我们惊讶。此处是“leave +宾语+宾语补足语”，补充说明宾语us的感受，应用-ed结尾形容词astonished，表示人的感受“感到震惊的”。故填astonished。 196．考查动词时态。句意：你不禁会想，对当时的人们来说，把这些石头都安置好有多难。分析句子可知，“how hard it 61 (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place”作wonder的宾语，it是从句的形式主语，不定式为真正主语，谓语动词用单数形式，“安置台阶的石头”是过去的事情，应用一般过去时。故填was。 197．考查连词。句意：虽然在上山的路上，这是唯一不自然的事情，但它仍然突出了整个冒险，并且提供了一个你可以坐下来休息你疼痛的双腿的地方。分析句子可知，“highlights the whole adventure”与“offers a place”部分为并列关系，都是作it的谓语，应用并列连词and。故填and。 198．考查形容词。句意：虽然在上山的路上，这是唯一不自然的事情，但它仍然突出了整个冒险，并且提供了一个你可以坐下来休息你疼痛的双腿的地方。分析句子及语境可知，此处应用形容词aching“疼痛的”，修饰名词legs，意为“疼痛的双腿”。故填aching。 199．考查代词。句意：正如歌中所唱，这条漫长而曲折的道路“永远不会消失”，它将永远留在游客的记忆中。对我来说确实如此。根据前一句“it will always stick in the visitor's memory”可知，本句的does替代前一句的stick，本句缺乏宾语，应用名词性物主代词mine，指代my memory。故填mine。 200．考查冠词。句意：当你在中国的时候，黄山是一个你一定要去的地方。must作名词时，意为“绝对必要的事物”，为可数名词，此处泛指“一个必须去的地方”，应用不定冠词，must是以辅音音素开头的词，应用a。故填a。 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $